FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lewicki, JL Hilley, GE AF Lewicki, J. L. Hilley, G. E. TI Multi-scale observations of the variability of magmatic CO2 emissions, Mammoth Mountain, CA, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Magmatic CO2 emissions; Eddy covariance; Accumulation chamber; Wavelet analysis; Mammoth Mountain ID EDDY COVARIANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TREE-KILL; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; HORSESHOE LAKE; TIME-SERIES; CALIFORNIA; SOIL; VOLCANO; UNREST AB One of the primary indicators of volcanic unrest at Mammoth Mountain is diffuse emission of magmatic CO2, which can effectively track this unrest if its variability in space and time and relationship to near-surface meteorological and hydrologic phenomena versus those occurring at depth beneath the mountain are understood. In June-October 2013, we conducted accumulation chamber soil CO2 flux surveys and made half-hourly CO2 flux measurements with automated eddy covariance and accumulation chamber (auto-chamber) instrumentation at the largest area of diffuse CO2 degassing on Mammoth Mountain (Horseshoe Lake tree kill; HLTK). Estimated CO2 emission rates for HLTK based on 20 June, 30 July, and 24-25 October soil CO2 flux surveys were 165, 172, and 231 t d(-1), respectively. The average (June-October) CO2 emission rate estimated for this area was 123 t d(-1) based on an inversion of 4527 eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements and corresponding modeled source weight functions. Average daily eddy covariance and auto-chamber CO2 fluxes consistently declined over the four-month observation time. Wavelet analysis of auto-chamber CO2 flux and environmental parameter time series was used to evaluate the periodicity of, and local correlation between these variables in time-frequency space. Overall, CO2 emissions at HLTK were highly dynamic, displaying short-term (hourly to weekly) temporal variability related to meteorological and hydrologic changes, as well as long-term (monthly to multi-year) variations related to migration of CO2-rich magmatic fluids beneath the volcano. Accumulation chamber soil CO2 flux surveys were also conducted in the four additional areas of diffuse CO2 degassing on Mammoth Mountain in July-August 2013. Summing CO2 emission rates for all five areas yielded a total for the mountain of 311 t d(-1), which may suggest that emissions returned to 1998-2009 levels, following an increase from 2009 to 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lewicki, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hilley, G. E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlewicki@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 284 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.07.011 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AR1RC UT WOS:000343361300001 ER PT J AU Lankton, JS VanderHart, DJ Terrell, SP AF Lankton, Julia S. VanderHart, Daniel J. Terrell, Scott P. TI SCHISTOSOMUS REFLEXUS-LIKE MALFORMATION IN A SOUTHERN WHITE RHINOCEROS (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM SIMUM) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Abortion; Ceratotherium simum; computed tomography; congenital; schistosomus reflexus; white rhinoceros ID DYSTOCIA AB A 7.5-yr-old female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) aborted spontaneously at approximately 13 mo gestation. The fetus exhibited malformations consistent with schistosomus reflexus syndrome, including spinal inversion and ventral midline abdominal defect with externalization of abdominal viscera. A computed tomography was performed and revealed severe scoliosis, a spiral rotation of the spine, multiple vertebral anomalies, hypoplasia of multiple bones of the skull, and mild prognathism. This is the first report of schistosomus reflexus-like syndrome in a nondomestic species, and the first report to characterize these skeletal changes by three-dimensional computed tomography. C1 [Lankton, Julia S.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [VanderHart, Daniel J.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Terrell, Scott P.] Disneys Anim Kingdom, Bay Lake, FL 32830 USA. RP Lankton, JS (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jlankton@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 45 IS 3 BP 708 EP 711 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AR2GG UT WOS:000343401200038 PM 25314849 ER PT J AU Chambers, JC Miller, RF Board, DI Pyke, DA Roundy, BA Grace, JB Schupp, EW Tausch, RJ AF Chambers, Jeanne C. Miller, Richard F. Board, David I. Pyke, David A. Roundy, Bruce A. Grace, James B. Schupp, Eugene W. Tausch, Robin J. TI Resilience and Resistance of Sagebrush Ecosystems: Implications for State and Transition Models and Management Treatments SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum invasion; ecological sites; environmental gradients; mechanical treatments; pinon and juniper expansion; prescribed fire ID GREAT-BASIN; JUNIPER WOODLANDS; DESERT SHRUBLANDS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; NORTH-AMERICA; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES; DISTURBANCE AB In sagebrush ecosystems invasion of annual exotics and expansion of pinon (Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem.) and juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook., J. osteosperma [Torr.] Little) are altering fire regimes and resulting in large-scale ecosystem transformations. Management treatments aim to increase resilience to disturbance and enhance resistance to invasive species by reducing woody fuels and increasing native perennial herbaceous species. We used Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project data to test predictions on effects of fire vs. mechanical treatments on resilience and resistance for three site types exhibiting cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasion and/or pinon and juniper expansion: 1) warm and dry Wyoming big sagebrush (WY shrub); 2) warm and moist Wyoming big sagebrush (WY PJ); and 3) cool and moist mountain big sagebrush (Mtn PJ). Warm and dry (mesic/aridic) WY shrub sites had lower resilience to fire (less shrub recruitment and native perennial herbaceous response) than cooler and moister (frigid/xeric) WY PJ and Mtn PJ sites. Warm (mesic) WY Shrub and WY PJ sites had lower resistance to annual exotics than cool (frigid to cool frigid) Mtn PJ sites. In WY shrub, fire and sagebrush mowing had similar effects on shrub cover and, thus, on perennial native herbaceous and exotic cover. In WY PJ and Mtn PJ, effects were greater for fire than cut-and-leave treatments and with high tree cover in general because most woody vegetation was removed increasing resources for other functional groups. In WY shrub, about 20% pretreatment perennial native. herb cover was necessary to prevent increases in exotics after treatment. Cooler and moister WY PJ and especially Mtn PJ were more resistant to annual exotics, but perennial native herb cover was still required for site recovery. We use our results to develop state and transition models that illustrate how resilience and resistance influence vegetation dynamics and management options. C1 [Chambers, Jeanne C.; Board, David I.; Tausch, Robin J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Miller, Richard F.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roundy, Bruce A.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010 FU Joint Fire Science Program [05-S-08]; Bureau of Land Management; US Forest Service; National Interagency Fire Center; Great Northern Land Conservation Cooperative FX We thank Dave Turner for statistical advice, and Jim McIver, Peter Weisberg, Tanya Skurski, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript, and Mike Pellant for assistance with development of the STMs. We acknowledge and thank our additional SageSTEP co-PI's who contributed to the design of this study. This is Contribution Number 83 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project, funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (05-S-08), the Bureau of Land Management, the US Forest Service, the National Interagency Fire Center, and the Great Northern Land Conservation Cooperative. NR 59 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 67 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 67 IS 5 BP 440 EP 454 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00074.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR3ZY UT WOS:000343529000002 ER PT J AU Pyke, DA Shaff, SE Lindgren, AI Schupp, EW Doescher, PS Chambers, JC Burnham, JS Huso, MM AF Pyke, David A. Shaff, Scott E. Lindgren, Andrew I. Schupp, Eugene W. Doescher, Paul S. Chambers, Jeanne C. Burnham, Jeffrey S. Huso, Manuela M. TI Region-Wide Ecological Responses of Arid Wyoming Big Sagebrush Communities to Fuel Treatments SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; resistance and resilience; fire; mowing; tebuthiuron; imazapic ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; SAGE-GROUSE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; STEPPE ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSITION MODELS; RESTORATION; FIRE; HABITATS; TEBUTHIURON; CHEATGRASS AB If arid sagebrush ecosystems lack resilience to disturbances or resistance to annual invasives, then alternative successional states dominated by annual invasives, especially cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), are likely after fuel treatments. We identified six Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) locations (152-381 mm precipitation) that we believed had sufficient resilience and resistance for recovery. We examined impacts of woody fuel reduction (fire, mowing, the herbicide tebuthiuron, and untreated controls, all with and without the herbicide imazapic) on short-term dominance of plant groups and on important land health parameters with the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA). Fire and mowing reduced woody biomass at least 85% for 3 yr, but herbaceous fuels were reduced only by fire (72%) and only in the first year. Herbaceous fuels produced at least 36% more biomass with mowing than untreated areas during posttreatment years. Imazapic only reduced herbaceous biomass after fires (34%). Tebuthiuron never affected herbaceous biomass. Perennial tall grass cover was reduced by 59% relative to untreated controls in the first year after fire, but it recovered by the second year. Cover of all remaining herbaceous groups was not changed by woody fuel treatments. Only imazapic reduced significantly herbaceous cover. Cheatgrass cover was reduced at least 63% with imazapic for 3 yr. Imazapic reduced annual forb cover by at least 45%, and unexpectedly, perennial grass cover by 49% (combination of tall grasses and Sandberg bluegrass [Poa secunda J. Presl.]). Fire reduced density of Sandberg bluegrass between 40% and 58%, decreased lichen and moss cover between 69% and 80%, and consequently increased bare ground between 21% and 34% and proportion of gaps among perennial plants > 2 m (at least 28% during the 3 yr). Fire, mowing, and imazapic may be effective in reducing fuels for 3 yr, but each has potentially undesirable consequences on plant communities. C1 [Pyke, David A.; Shaff, Scott E.; Lindgren, Andrew I.; Huso, Manuela M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.; Burnham, Jeffrey S.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.; Burnham, Jeffrey S.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Doescher, Paul S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010 FU US Joint Fire Science Program [05-S-08]; Bureau of Land Management; National Interagency Fire Center; Great Northern Land Conservation Cooperative; US Geological Survey FX We are indebted to and thank the multitude of technicians who assisted in our annual measurements; the Bureau of Land Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and The Nature Conservancy for conducting all prescribed fires and obtaining all clearances for treatments; the coordinating editor, two anonymous reviewers, and D. Shinneman for their comments that greatly improved this article; and our additional SageSTEP co-principal investigators who contributed to the design of this study. This is Contribution Number 84 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program (05-S-08), the Bureau of Land Management, the National Interagency Fire Center, the Great Northern Land Conservation Cooperative, and the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 30 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 67 IS 5 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00090.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR3ZY UT WOS:000343529000003 ER PT J AU Rau, BM Chambers, JC Pyke, DA Roundy, BA Schupp, EW Doescher, P Caldwell, TG AF Rau, Benjamin M. Chambers, Jeanne C. Pyke, David A. Roundy, Bruce A. Schupp, Eugene W. Doescher, Paul Caldwell, Todd G. TI Soil Resources Influence Vegetation and Response to Fire and Fire-Surrogate Treatments in Sagebrush-Steppe Ecosystems SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE exotic annual grass; herbicide; mowing; prescribed fire; soil nutrients; soil water ID BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; GREAT-BASIN; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; GLOBAL CHANGE; NITROGEN; CHEATGRASS; WATER; COMPETITION; GRASSES AB Current paradigm suggests that spatial and temporal competition for resources limit an exotic invader, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), which once established, alters fire regimes and can result in annual grass dominance in sagebrush steppe. Prescribed fire and fire surrogate treatments (mowing, tebuthiuron, and imazapic) are used to reduce woody fuels and increase resistance to exotic annuals, but may alter resource availability and inadvertently favor invasive species. We used four study sites within the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP) to evaluate 1) how vegetation and soil resources were affected by treatment, and 2) how soil resources influenced native herbaceous perennial and exotic annual grass cover before and following treatment. Treatments increased resin exchangeable NH4+, NO3-, H2PO4-, and K+, with the largest increases caused by prescribed fire and prolonged by application of imazapic. Burning with imazapic application also increased the number of wet growing degree days. Tebuthiuron and imazapic reduced exotic annual grass cover, but imazapic also reduced herbaceous perennial cover when used with prescribed fire. Native perennial herbaceous species cover was higher where mean annual precipitation and soil water resources were relatively high. Exotic annual grass cover was higher where resin exchangeable H2PO4- was high and gaps between perennial plants were large. Prescribed fire, mowing, and tebuthiuron were successful at increasing perennial herbaceous cover, but the results were often ephemeral and inconsistent among sites. Locations with sandy soil, low mean annual precipitation, or low soil water holding capacity were more likely to experience increased exotic annual grass cover after treatment, and treatments that result in slow release of resources are needed on these sites. This is one of few studies that correlate abiotic variables to native and exotic species cover across a broad geographic setting, and that demonstrates how soil resources potentially influence the outcome of management treatments. C1 [Rau, Benjamin M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roundy, Bruce A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Doescher, Paul] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Caldwell, Todd G.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Rau, Benjamin M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Rau, BM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, 241 Gateway Dr, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM benjaminmrau@fs.fed.us RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010; Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 FU US Joint Fire Science Program; Bureau of Land Management; National Interagency Fire Center; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We would like to thank all of the field crews for collecting samples and data over many hot summers. We thank the management agencies for conducting the necessary regulatory clearances and implementing the treatments to make this research possible. Finally we thank the Associate Editor and three anonymous reviewers for careful reviews and suggestions to improve the quality of this manuscript. This is Contribution Number 79 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program, the Bureau of Land Management, the National Interagency Fire Center, and the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 24 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 67 IS 5 BP 506 EP 521 DI 10.2111/REM-D-14-00027.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR3ZY UT WOS:000343529000007 ER PT J AU Knick, ST Hanser, SE Leu, M AF Knick, Steven T. Hanser, Steven E. Leu, M. TI Ecological Scale of Bird Community Response to Pinon-Juniper Removal SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bird community; ecological scale; ordination; prescribed fire; sagebrush-obligate birds; woodland-sagebrush ecotone ID BREEDING PASSERINE BIRDS; BIG SAGEBRUSH; WOODLAND EXPANSION; HABITAT; FIRE; LANDSCAPE; USA; VEGETATION; ORDINATION; SEVERITY AB Pinon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) removal is a common management approach to restore sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) vegetation in areas experiencing woodland expansion. Because many management treatments are conducted to benefit sagebrush-obligate birds, we surveyed bird communities to assess treatment effectiveness in establishing sagebrush bird communities at study sites in Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Oregon. Our analyses included data from 1 or 2 yr prior to prescribed fire or mechanical treatment and 3 to 5 yr posttreatment. We used detrended correspondence analysis to 1) identify primary patterns of bird communities surveyed from 2006 to 2011 at point transects, 2) estimate ecological scale of change needed to achieve treatment objectives from the relative dissimilarity of survey points to the ordination region delineating sagebrush bird communities, and 3) measure changes in pre- and posttreatment bird communities. Birds associated with sagebrush, woodlands, and ecotones were detected on our surveys; increased dissimilarity of survey points to the sagebrush bird community was characterized by a gradient of increased juniper and decreased sagebrush cover. Prescribed fires burned between 30% and 97% of our bird survey points. However, from 6% to 24% cover of pit-ion-juniper still remained posttreatment on the four treatment plots. We measured only slight changes in bird communities, which responded primarily to current vegetation rather than relative amount of change from pretreatment vegetation structure. Bird communities at survey points located at greater ecological scales from the sagebrush bird community changed least and will require more significant impact to achieve changes. Sagebrush bird communities were established at only two survey points, which were adjacent to a larger sagebrush landscape and following almost complete juniper removal by mechanical treatment. Our results indicate that management treatments that leave residual woodland cover and are not adjacent to extensive sagebrush stands are unlikely to establish sagebrush birds. C1 [Knick, Steven T.; Hanser, Steven E.; Leu, M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Leu, M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23815 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM steve_knick@usgs.gov OI Hanser, Steven/0000-0002-4430-2073 FU US Joint Fire Sciences Program; Bureau of Land Management; National Interagency Fire Center; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX Comments by K. E. Bagne, D. S. Dobkin, J. D. McIver, and S. L. Phillips improved the manuscript. We appreciate assistance provided by K. Fesenmyer, R. Arazil, S. Copeland, K. Glueckert, J. McCabe, M. Pollock, L. Reynolds, L. Tauzer, K. Van Gunst, K. Mitchell, W. Mitchell, J. Bruce, E. Strasser, L. Dunn, M. Scholer, C. Riding, P. O'Hearn, B. Powers, L. Smith, C. Engleman, L. Throop, A. Saari, S. Clabby, S. Kloss, D. McCoskey, L. Berk, J. Lawrence, G. Markoff, C. Sheets, V. Hawthorne, E. Kelley, A. Gilmore, J. Barry, A. Sjollema, J. Saydell, J. Martini, L. Beckman, and P. Ryerson. Logistical support was supplied by the US Bureau of Land Management (Salt Lake City, UT; Elko and Eureka, NV; and Marsing, ID), the US Geological Survey (Salt Lake City, UT), the US Forest Service (Elko, NV), and the Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center (Burns, OR). This is Contribution Number 81 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), funded by the US Joint Fire Sciences Program, the Bureau of Land Management, the National Interagency Fire Center, and the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 67 IS 5 BP 553 EP 562 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00023.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR3ZY UT WOS:000343529000010 ER PT J AU McIver, J Brunson, M Bunting, S Chambers, J Doescher, P Grace, J Hulet, A Johnson, D Knick, S Miller, R Pellant, M Pierson, F Pyke, D Rau, B Rollins, K Roundy, B Schupp, E Tausch, R Williams, J AF McIver, James Brunson, Mark Bunting, Steve Chambers, Jeanne Doescher, Paul Grace, James Hulet, April Johnson, Dale Knick, Steve Miller, Richard Pellant, Mike Pierson, Fred Pyke, David Rau, Benjamin Rollins, Kim Roundy, Bruce Schupp, Eugene Tausch, Robin Williams, Jason TI A Synopsis of Short-Term Response to Alternative Restoration Treatments in Sagebrush-Steppe: The SageSTEP Project SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass invasion; ecological resilience; ecosystem management; environmental gradients; sagebrush restoration; woodland expansion ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; JUNIPER ENCROACHMENT; RESILIENCE; WILDFIRE; SHRUBLANDS; WOODLAND; EROSION; BASIN; USA AB The Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP) is an integrated long-term study that evaluates ecological effects of alternative treatments designed to reduce woody fuels and to stimulate the herbaceous understory of sagebrush steppe communities of the Intermountain West. This synopsis summarizes results through 3 yr posttreatment. Woody vegetation reduction by prescribed fire, mechanical treatments, or herbicides initiated a cascade of effects, beginning with increased availability of nitrogen and soil water, followed by increased growth of herbaceous vegetation. Response of butterflies and magnitudes of runoff and erosion closely followed herbaceous vegetation recovery. Effects on shrubs, biological soil crust, tree cover, surface woody fuel loads, and sagebrush-obligate bird communities will take longer to be fully expressed. In the short term, cool wet sites were more resilient than warm dry sites, and resistance was mostly dependent on pretreatment herbaceous cover. At least 10 yr of posttreatment time will likely be necessary to determine outcomes for most sites. Mechanical treatments did not serve as surrogates for prescribed fire in how each influenced the fuel bed, the soil, erosion, and sage-obligate bird communities. Woody vegetation reduction by any means resulted in increased availability of soil water, higher herbaceous cover, and greater butterfly numbers. We identified several trade-offs (desirable outcomes for some variables, undesirable for others), involving most components of the study system. Trade-offs are inevitable when managing complex natural systems, and they underline the importance of asking questions about the whole system when developing management objectives. Substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity in sagebrush steppe ecosystems emphasizes the point that there will rarely be a "recipe" for choosing management actions on any specific area. Use of a consistent evaluation process linked to monitoring may be the best chance managers have for arresting woodland expansion and cheatgrass invasion that may accelerate in a future warming climate. C1 [McIver, James] Oregon State Univ, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Brunson, Mark; Schupp, Eugene] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bunting, Steve] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Doescher, Paul; Miller, Richard] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grace, James] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Hulet, April] ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Johnson, Dale; Rollins, Kim] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Knick, Steve] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Pellant, Mike] Bur Land Management, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Pierson, Fred; Williams, Jason] ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Pyke, David] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Rau, Benjamin] ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Roundy, Bruce] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Tausch, Robin] US Forest Serv, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP McIver, J (reprint author), EOARC POB E,372 S 10th St, Union, OR 97883 USA. EM james.mciver@oregonstate.edu RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010; Rollins, Kimberly/N-9092-2013; OI Rollins, Kimberly/0000-0002-0720-006X; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789 FU US Joint Fire Science Program [05-S-08]; Bureau of Land Management (Washington Office); National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC); Great Northern Land Conservation Cooperative (USFWS) FX Lee Barkow (Bureau of Land Management) was instrumental in encouraging the Joint Fire Science Program to provide initial support for the SageSTEP project. Logistical support for treatment implementation and ongoing site maintenance has been provided by the Bureau of Land Management, US Forest Service (Region 5), US Fish and Wildlife Service, and The Nature Conservancy. Comments from Karen Erickson, Lael Gilbert, and David Briske greatly improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This is Contribution Number 108 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program (05-S-08), the Bureau of Land Management (Washington Office), the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC), and the Great Northern Land Conservation Cooperative (USFWS). NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 32 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 67 IS 5 BP 584 EP 598 DI 10.2111/REM-D-14-00084.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR3ZY UT WOS:000343529000013 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Chi, ZH Jones, CE Bannister, T AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Arnina Chi, Zhaohui Jones, Cathleen E. Bannister, Terri TI Marsh Dieback, loss, and recovery mapped with satellite optical, airborne polarimetric radar, and field data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Spartina alterniflora marsh dieback; Optical vegetation indexes; NASA UAVSAR; Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PoISAR); Coastal wetlands ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA DIEBACK; COAST SALT MARSHES; LEAF-AREA INDEX; L-BAND; C-BAND; LOUISIANA; REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; SAR; WETLAND AB Landsat Thematic Mapper and Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) satellite based optical sensors, NASA Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle synthetic aperture radar (UAVSAR) polarimetric SAR (PolSAR), and field data captured the occurrence and the recovery of an undetected dieback that occurred between the summers of 2010, 2011, and 2012 in the Spartina alterniflora marshes of coastal Louisiana. Field measurements recorded the dramatic biomass decrease from 2010 to 2011 and a biomass recovery in 2012 dominated by a decrease of live biomass, and the loss of marsh as part of the dieback event. Based on an established relationship, the near-infrared/red vegetation index (VI) and site-specific measurements delineated a contiguous expanse of marsh dieback encompassing 6649.9 ha of 18,2923 ha of S. alterniflora marshes within the study region. PoISAR data were transformed to variables used in biophysical mapping, and of this variable suite, the cross-polarization HV (horizontal send and vertical receive) backscatter was the best single indicator of marsh dieback and recovery. HV backscatter exhibited substantial and significant changes over the dieback and recovery period, tracked measured biomass changes, and significantly correlated with the live/dead biomass ratio. Within the context of regional trends, both HV and VI indicators started higher in pre-dieback marshes and exhibited substantially and statistically higher variability from year to year than that exhibited in the non-dieback marshes. That distinct difference allowed the capturing of the S. altemiflora marsh dieback and recovery; however, these changes were incorporated in a regional trend exhibiting similar but more subtle biomass composition changes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rangoonwala, Arnina] Five Rivers Serv LLC, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Chi, Zhaohui; Bannister, Terri] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, CESU, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Jones, Cathleen E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM ramseye@usgs.gov FU National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) [11-TE11-104]; collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA FX We thank Francis Fields Jr. of the Apache Louisiana Minerals LLC, a subsidiary of Apache Corporation, for access to their properties. We also thank Ryan Longhenry, Data Management Specialist, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center and Carolyn Gacke, contractor Science Applications International Corporation at USGS EROS Center for the help and support in providing the SPOT satellite data. We appreciate the help by Sijan Sapkota of the U.S. Geological Survey for his assistance in developing statistical models. We appreciate the review of the manuscript by John liames, Research Biologist at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Dirk Werle of AERDE Environmental Research, Canada. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their exhaustive, judicious and perceptive reviews. Research was supported in part by National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) grant #11-TE11-104 and was carried out in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 152 BP 364 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.07.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AR2CW UT WOS:000343392200029 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR Hermann, PM Kirkham, MB Landa, ER AF Nimmo, John R. Hermann, Paula M. Kirkham, M. B. Landa, Edward R. TI Pollen Dispersal by Catapult: Experiments of Lyman J. Briggs on the Flower of Mountain Laurel SO PHYSICS IN PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Biomechanics; biophysics; Lyman J. Briggs; Kalmia latifolia; elastic properties; catapult; negative pressure; pollen dispersal; botany; plant-water relations ID ERICACEAE; TREES; WATER; PLANT; WALL AB The flower of Kalmia latifolia L. employs a catapult mechanism that flings its pollen to considerable distances. Physicist Lyman J. Briggs investigated this phenomenon in the 1950s after retiring as longtime director of the National Bureau of Standards, attempting to explain how hydromechanical effects inside the flower's stamen could make it possible. Briggs's unfinished manuscript implies that liquid under negative pressure generates stress, which, superimposed on the stress generated from the flower's growth habit, results in force adequate to propel the pollen as observed. With new data and biophysical understanding to supplement Briggs's experimental results and research notes, we show that his postulated negative-pressure mechanism did not play the exclusive and crucial role that he credited to it, though his revisited investigation sheds light on various related processes. Important issues concerning the development and reproductive function of Kalmia flowers remain unresolved, highlighting the need for further biophysical advances. C1 [Nimmo, John R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hermann, Paula M.] Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Biol Bioquim & Farm, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Kirkham, M. B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Landa, Edward R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Landa, Edward R.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 420,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6944 EI 1422-6960 J9 PHYS PERSPECT JI Phys. Perspect. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 16 IS 3 BP 371 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s00016-014-0141-9 PG 19 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA AQ8DF UT WOS:000343052800004 ER PT J AU Clement, MJ Murray, KL Solick, DI Gruver, JC AF Clement, Matthew J. Murray, Kevin L. Solick, Donald I. Gruver, Jeffrey C. TI The effect of call libraries and acoustic filters on the identification of bat echolocation SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Acoustic surveys; Anabat; Analook; bat detectors; Chiroptera; classification; cross-validation; discriminant function analysis; Myotis sodalis; species identification ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; CAUTIONARY NOTE; HABITAT MODELS; RECOGNITION; CLASSIFICATION; REGRESSION; DETECTORS; SOFTWARE; BIAS AB Quantitative methods for species identification are commonly used in acoustic surveys for animals. While various identification models have been studied extensively, there has been little study of methods for selecting calls prior to modeling or methods for validating results after modeling. We obtained two call libraries with a combined 1556 pulse sequences from 11 North American bat species. We used four acoustic filters to automatically select and quantify bat calls from the combined library. For each filter, we trained a species identification model (a quadratic discriminant function analysis) and compared the classification ability of the models. In a separate analysis, we trained a classification model using just one call library. We then compared a conventional model assessment that used the training library against an alternative approach that used the second library. We found that filters differed in the share of known pulse sequences that were selected (68 to 96%), the share of non-bat noises that were excluded (37 to 100%), their measurement of various pulse parameters, and their overall correct classification rate (41% to 85%). Although the top two filters did not differ significantly in overall correct classification rate (85% and 83%), rates differed significantly for some bat species. In our assessment of call libraries, overall correct classification rates were significantly lower (15% to 23% lower) when tested on the second call library instead of the training library. Well-designed filters obviated the need for subjective and time-consuming manual selection of pulses. Accordingly, researchers should carefully design and test filters and include adequate descriptions in publications. Our results also indicate that it may not be possible to extend inferences about model accuracy beyond the training library. If so, the accuracy of acoustic-only surveys may be lower than commonly reported, which could affect ecological understanding or management decisions based on acoustic surveys. C1 [Clement, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Murray, Kevin L.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Solick, Donald I.; Gruver, Jeffrey C.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Clement, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mclement@gmail.com RI Clement, Matthew/D-1251-2013 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service; Missouri Department of Conservation FX This research was supported with funds from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Missouri Department of Conservation. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 4 IS 17 BP 3482 EP 3493 DI 10.1002/ece3.1201 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AQ5KE UT WOS:000342846300015 PM 25535563 ER PT J AU Baltar, M Keeley, JE Schoenberg, FP AF Baltar, M. Keeley, J. E. Schoenberg, F. P. TI County-level analysis of the impact of temperature and population increases on California wildfire data SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE generalized linear models; poisson regression; random effects models; spatial-temporal statistics; wildfire ID LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY; UNITED-STATES AB The extent to which the apparent increase in wildfire incidence and burn area in California from 1990 to 2006 is affected by population and temperature increases is examined. Using generalized linear models with random effects, we focus on the estimated impacts of increases in mean daily temperatures and populations in different counties on wildfire in those counties, after essentially controlling for the overall differences between counties in their overall mean temperatures and populations. We find that temperature increase appears to have a significant positive impact on both total burn area and number of observed wildfires. Population growth appears to have a much less pronounced impact on total burn area than do annual temperature increases, and population growth appears to be negatively correlated with the total number of observed wildfires. These effects are especially pronounced in the winter season and in Southern California counties. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Baltar, M.; Schoenberg, F. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Keeley, J. E.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Keeley, J. E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Schoenberg, FP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM frederic@stat.ucla.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD SEP PY 2014 VL 25 IS 6 SI SI BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1002/env.2257 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA AQ7HS UT WOS:000342984000004 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JA Bart, HL Bowker, JD Bowser, PR MacMillan, JR Nickum, JG Rachlin, JW Rose, JD Sorensen, PW Warkentine, BE Whitledge, GW AF Jenkins, Jill A. Bart, Henry L., Jr. Bowker, James D. Bowser, Paul R. MacMillan, J. Randy Nickum, John G. Rachlin, Joseph W. Rose, James D. Sorensen, Peter W. Warkentine, Barbara E. Whitledge, Greg W. CA Uses Fishes Res UFR Comm TI Guidelines for Use of Fishes in Research-Revised and Expanded, 2014 SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Bart, Henry L., Jr.] Tulane Univ, Biodivers Res Inst, Belle Chasse, LA USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT USA. [Bowser, Paul R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [MacMillan, J. Randy] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Buhl, ID USA. [Nickum, John G.] Nickum & Nickum, Fountain Hills, AZ USA. [Rachlin, Joseph W.] CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. [Rose, James D.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sorensen, Peter W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Warkentine, Barbara E.] SUNY Maritime Coll, Bronx, NY USA. [Whitledge, Greg W.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Jenkins, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jenkinsj@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2014 VL 39 IS 9 BP 415 EP 416 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.924408 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AQ6GA UT WOS:000342907000007 ER PT J AU Olea, RA Coleman, JL AF Olea, Ricardo A. Coleman, James L., Jr. TI A Synoptic Examination of Causes of Land Loss in Southern Louisiana as Related to the Exploitation of Subsurface Geologic Resources SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Land subsidence; eustatic sea level; inundation; Monte Carlo simulation ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; US TIDE GAUGES; HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION; WETLAND LOSS; MEGAREGIONAL PROFILE; COASTAL RESTORATION; SUBSIDENCE RATES; UNITED-STATES AB During the last 80 years, Louisiana has been losing wetlands at an average rate of 62 km(2)/y (24 mi(2)/y) for an accumulated loss of approximately 4900 km(2) (1900 mi(2)). The loss seems to be the combined result of natural and anthropogenic causes that are behind primarily land subsidence averaging about 10 mm/y (0.4 in/y) coinciding with a sea level rise now at 3 mm/y (0.1 in/y), both contributing to coastal inundation. Upon completing extensive review of often controversial and conflicting views only synoptically reported here, conclusions reached by applying Monte Carlo simulation include: (1) geodetic measurements are consistent with independently postulated causes of regional subsidence; (2) ranking of subsidence factors shows that the main contributor to the regional subsidence is adjustment to sediment load in the form of lithosphere flexure followed by normal faulting dipping basinward, which combined, account on average for 70% of the subsidence, with compaction accounting for another 23%; and (3) production of oil and gas plays a tertiary role. The literature supports the historical view that before experiencing engineering modifications across the catchment area, sedimentation from the Mississippi River system was able to build a prograding coastline by overcoming subsidence rates of similar magnitude with more generous sediment loads of coarser particle size. Sea level rise will become an increasingly dominant factor in land loss only if the acceleration predicted by simulation model scenarios materializes. Wetland losses most likely will continue for as long as there is no compensation to counterbalance the negative effects of land subsidence and sea level rise, with the latter determining the pace of future losses. C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.; Coleman, James L., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM olea@usgs.gov NR 138 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 29 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1025 EP 1044 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00046.1 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AQ7BN UT WOS:000342967700014 ER PT J AU Williamson, TN Christensen, VG Richardson, WB Frey, JW Gellis, AC Kieta, KA Fitzpatrick, FA AF Williamson, T. N. Christensen, V. G. Richardson, W. B. Frey, J. W. Gellis, A. C. Kieta, K. A. Fitzpatrick, F. A. TI Stream Sediment Sources in Midwest Agricultural Basins with Land Retirement along Channel SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; BANK EROSION; RIVER-BASIN; MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENTS; WATERSHEDS; FIELD AB Documenting the effects of agricultural land retirement on stream-sediment sources is critical to identifying management practices that improve water quality and aquatic habitat. Particularly difficult to quantify are the effects from conservation easements that commonly are discontinuous along channelized streams and ditches throughout the agricultural midwestern United States. Our hypotheses were that sediment from cropland, retired land, stream banks, and roads would be discernible using isotopic and elemental concentrations and that source contributions would vary with land retirement distribution along tributaries of West Fork Beaver Creek in Minnesota. Channel-bed and suspended sediment were sampled at nine locations and compared with local source samples by using linear discriminant analysis and a four-source mixing model that evaluated seven tracers: In, P, total C, Be, Tl, Th, and Ti. The proportion of sediment sources differed significantly between suspended and channel-bed sediment. Retired land contributed to channel-bed sediment but was not discernible as a source of suspended sediment, suggesting that retired-land material was not mobilized during high-flow conditions. Stream banks were a large contributor to suspended sediment; however, the percentage of stream-bank sediment in the channel bed was lower in basins with more continuous retired land along the riparian corridor. Cropland sediments had the highest P concentrations; basins with the highest cropland-sediment contributions also had the highest P concentrations. Along stream reaches with retired land, there was a lower proportion of cropland material in suspended sediment relative to sites that had almost no land retirement, indicating less movement of nutrients and sediment from cropland to the channel as a result of land retirement. C1 [Williamson, T. N.] USGS Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. [Frey, J. W.] USGS Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Christensen, V. G.; Kieta, K. A.] USGS Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Richardson, W. B.] USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Gellis, A. C.] USGS Maryland Water Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Fitzpatrick, F. A.] USGS Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Williamson, TN (reprint author), USGS Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, 9818 Bluegrass Pkwy, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM tnwillia@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1624 EP 1634 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.12.0521 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ9FQ UT WOS:000343154200012 PM 25603248 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, S Sindermann, C Cipriano, R AF McLaughlin, Shawn Sindermann, Carl Cipriano, Rocco TI Aaron Rosenfield 1924-2013 IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [McLaughlin, Shawn] NOAA, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Cipriano, Rocco] USGS, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP McLaughlin, S (reprint author), NOAA, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 2 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.2983/035.033.0202 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ3LB UT WOS:000342693800002 ER PT J AU Karlsson, EA Ip, HS Hall, JS Yoon, SW Johnson, J Beck, MA Webby, RJ Schultz-Cherry, S AF Karlsson, Erik A. Ip, Hon S. Hall, Jeffrey S. Yoon, Sun Woo Johnson, Jordan Beck, Melinda A. Webby, Richard J. Schultz-Cherry, Stacey TI Respiratory transmission of an avian H3N8 influenza virus isolated from a harbour seal SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; FERRETS; HEMAGGLUTININ; EQUINE; MICE; REPLICATION; ADAPTATION; SEQUENCE; DROPLET; SUBTYPE AB The ongoing human H7N9 influenza infections highlight the threat of emerging avian influenza viruses. In 2011, an avian H3N8 influenza virus isolated from moribund New England harbour seals was shown to have naturally acquired mutations known to increase the transmissibility of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses. To elucidate the potential human health threat, here we evaluate a panel of avian H3N8 viruses and find that the harbour seal virus displays increased affinity for mammalian receptors, transmits via respiratory droplets in ferrets and replicates in human lung cells. Analysis of a panel of human sera for H3N8 neutralizing antibodies suggests that there is no population-wide immunity to these viruses. The prevalence of H3N8 viruses in birds and multiple mammalian species including recent isolations from pigs and evidence that it was a past human pandemic virus make the need for surveillance and risk analysis of these viruses of public health importance. C1 [Karlsson, Erik A.; Yoon, Sun Woo; Johnson, Jordan; Webby, Richard J.; Schultz-Cherry, Stacey] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Ip, Hon S.; Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Beck, Melinda A.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Schultz-Cherry, S (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM stacey.schultz-cherry@stjude.org OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 FU National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases [HHSN266200700005C, HHSN266200700007C]; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC); United States Geological Survey; NIH [RO1AI078090, P30DK056350] FX We thank Justin Bahl, Ashley Webb, Jeri Carol Crumpton, Scott Krauss, Jeremy Jones, Tatiana Baranovich, Victoria Meliopoulos, Brad Seufzer, Pam Freiden and Robert Webster for expert technical assistance, reagents and discussion. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases contract numbers HHSN266200700005C and HHSN266200700007C, the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC), United States Geological Survey appropriated funds and NIH RO1AI078090 and P30DK056350. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 AR 1038 DI 10.1038/ncomms5791 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ6MX UT WOS:000342928500009 PM 25183346 ER PT J AU Jacobson, ER Brown, MB Wendland, LD Brown, DR Klein, PA Christopher, MM Berry, KH AF Jacobson, Elliott R. Brown, Mary B. Wendland, Lori D. Brown, Daniel R. Klein, Paul A. Christopher, Mary M. Berry, Kristin H. TI Mycoplasmosis and upper respiratory tract disease of tortoises: A review and update SO VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Tortoise; Mycoplasmosis; Mycoplasma agassizii; Mycoplasma testudineum; Pathology; Serology; PCR ID RANGING DESERT TORTOISES; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; MOJAVE DESERT; NATURAL ANTIBODIES; TESTUDO-GRAECA; WESTERN-BLOT; BOX TURTLES; SP-NOV; CALIFORNIA; FLORIDA AB Tortoise mycoplasmosis is one of the most extensively characterized infectious diseases of chelonians. A 1989 outbreak of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in free-ranging Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) brought together an investigative team of researchers, diagnosticians, pathologists, immunologists and clinicians from multiple institutions and agencies. Electron microscopic studies of affected tortoises revealed a microorganism in close association with the nasal mucosa that subsequently was identified as a new species, Mycoplasma agassizii. Over the next 24 years, a second causative agent, Mycoplasma testudineum, was discovered, the geographic distribution and host range of tortoise mycoplasmosis were expanded, diagnostic tests were developed and refined for antibody and pathogen detection, transmission studies confirmed the pathogenicity of the original M. agassizii isolate, clinical (and subclinical) disease and laboratory abnormalities were characterized, many extrinsic and predisposing factors were found to play a role in morbidity and mortality associated with mycoplasmal infection, and social behavior was implicated in disease transmission. The translation of scientific research into management decisions has sometimes led to undesirable outcomes, such as euthanasia of clinically healthy tortoises. In this article, we review and assess current research on tortoise mycoplasmosis, arguably the most important chronic infectious disease of wild and captive North American and European tortoises, and update the implications for management and conservation of tortoises in the wild. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Jacobson, Elliott R.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Brown, Mary B.; Wendland, Lori D.; Brown, Daniel R.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Klein, Paul A.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Christopher, Mary M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. RP Jacobson, ER (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM jacobsone@ufl.edu FU US Bureau of Land Management; US Geological Survey; Nature Conservancy; Nevada Wildlife Department; National Training Center; Fort Irwin; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health; Walt Disney Company FX The work on mycoplasmosis of tortoises has been a multidisciplinary effort at the University of Florida and elsewhere, involving faculty, graduate students, research scientists and laboratory technicians. The following present and former University of Florida personnel were involved in this project: I.M. Schumacher, B.L. Homer, C. McKenna, G.S. McLaughlin, B.C. Crenshaw, L. Green, D. Duke, J. Hutchison, A. Whitemarsh, M. Lao, D. Bunger, S.J. Tucker, N.T. Chmielewski, N. Gottdenker and J.E. Berish. This work would not have been possible without support from a number of agencies including the US Bureau of Land Management, US Geological Survey, the Nature Conservancy, Nevada Wildlife Department, the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the Walt Disney Company and multiple biologists and additional personnel who are dedicated to desert and gopher tortoise conservation. NR 90 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1090-0233 EI 1532-2971 J9 VET J JI Vet. J. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 201 IS 3 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.039 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AQ3RQ UT WOS:000342711600006 PM 24951264 ER PT J AU Brooks, GL Sanders, FJ Gerard, PD Jodice, PGR AF Brooks, Gillian L. Sanders, Felicia J. Gerard, Patrick D. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI DAILY SURVIVAL RATE FOR NESTS OF BLACK SKIMMERS FROM A CORE BREEDING AREA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN USA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black Skimmer; nest predation; nest success; nest survival; Rynchops niger; South Carolina ID GHOST CRAB PREYS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SUCCESS; WATERBIRDS; VIRGINIA; SELECTION; HABITAT AB Little is known about the reproductive success of Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) throughout the southeastern USA where availability of undisturbed beaches for nesting is limited. Daily survival rates (DSR) of nests were examined at three nesting sites in Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge (CRNWR), South Carolina, USA, 2009-2010. The percent of successful nests (n = 346 nests) ranged from 42-69% among colony sites when data were pooled across both years. The DSR of nests was primarily related to colony site, predation risk, height of high tide, and clutch size. Predation and overwash were the principal causes of identifiable nest loss, each accounting for similar to 33% of nest failures during the two study years. Because of the challenges of resighting skimmer chicks, We were not able to measure chick survival effectively and therefore accurate measures of productivity remain elusive. High variability in nest success among sites Within close proximity to each other (<20 km) suggests factors at local scales such as disturbance, predation, and overwash events strongly influenced nest success of Black Skimmers during these 2 years as opposed to more region-wide stressors such as tropical storms or food availability. Although time-intensive techniques to control predators do exist, management options to limit flooding and overwash are far more limited. Conservation of Black Skimmers in the southeastern USA would benefit from coordinated, multi-state efforts to measure nest and chick survival. C1 [Brooks, Gillian L.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Brooks, Gillian L.] Clemson Univ, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sanders, Felicia J.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Mcclellanville, SC 29458 USA. [Gerard, Patrick D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu FU State Wildlife Grant Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Sciences at Clemson University; USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank M. Spinks, S. Dawsey, C. Wakefield, L. Eggert, M. Martin, L. Brooks, J. Tavano, and L. Barnhill as well as numerous interns and volunteers for support and assistance in the field. This research was funded by the State Wildlife Grant Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Sciences at Clemson University; and the USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Logistical support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and the USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The manuscript benefited from comments by R. Powell and anonymous reviewers. Permits for various phases of this research were provided by The Clemson University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol # 2009-018). The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank E. A. Forys and anonymous reviewers for comments that have improved this manuscript. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 126 IS 3 BP 443 EP 450 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AQ6ZO UT WOS:000342962600003 ER PT J AU Boal, CW AF Boal, Clint W. TI Age-Ratios and Condition of En Route Migrant Blackpoll Warblers in the British Virgin Islands SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blackpoll Warbler; Caribbean; condition; migration; Setophaga striata ID TRANSOCEANIC MIGRATION; DENDROICA-STRIATA; LANDBIRD MIGRANTS; MASS GAIN; STOPOVER; AUTUMN; PASSERINES; COAST; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB The en route migration ecology of Blackpoll Warblers (Setophaga striata) is poorly understood, yet intriguing. Blackpoll Warblers undertake the longest open water migration of any wood warbler species, traveling from northeastern North America to South America, with the first potential landfall being the West Indies. This migration requires substantial energy reserves and subjects Blackpoll Warblers to unpredictable weather events, which may influence survival. Few studies have examined age ratios or condition of Blackpoll Warblers while the warblers are en route through the Caribbean region. I captured and banded Blackpoll Warblers in the British Virgin Islands over 10 consecutive autumn migrations. Ratios of hatch-year to adult Blackpoll Warblers. were variable but averaged lower than the ratios reported at continental departure locations. Average mass of Blackpoll Warblers was less than that reported at continental departure locations, with 26% of adults and 40% of hatch-year birds below the estimated fat free mass; hatch-year birds were consistently in poorer condition than adults. Blackpoll Warblers captured in the British Virgin Islands were also in poorer condition than those reported from the Dominican Republic and Barbados; this may be because of the British Virgin Islands being the first landfall after the transatlantic crossing, whereas Blackpoll Warblers arriving at the other Caribbean study locations may have had opportunities for stopover prior to arrival or have departed from farther south on the continent. However, this suggests that the British Virgin Islands likely provide important stopover habitat as a first landfall location for Blackpoll Warblers arriving from the transatlantic migration route. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU Jarecki family; Falconwood Foundation; Conservation Agency FX I thank the Jarecki family, the Falconwood Foundation, and The Conservation Agency for their continued access to Guana Island and support for this research, and to the USGS Cooperative Research Units for facilitating this research. Any use of trade, firm, or products names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. Special thanks to J. D. Lazell and G. Perry for coordinating research opportunities on Guana Island. Capture and banding was conducted under Texas Tech University Animal Care and Use Committee approved protocol No. 2053-07. Mist-netting efforts could not have been accomplished without the assistance of many volunteers, especially T. S. Estabrook, T. Willard, S. Valentine-Cooper, B. D. Bibles, and E. P. Estabrook. This manuscript has benefited from the reviews of B. N. Grisham, S. C. Latta, K. Linner, B. Perkins, B. Welch, J. Wunderle, and two anonymous referees. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 126 IS 3 BP 568 EP 574 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AQ6ZO UT WOS:000342962600016 ER PT J AU Houseknecht, DW Rouse, WA Paxton, ST Mars, JC Fulk, B AF Houseknecht, David W. Rouse, William A. Paxton, Stanley T. Mars, John C. Fulk, Bryant TI Upper Devonian-Mississippian stratigraphic framework of the Arkoma Basin and distribution of potential source-rock facies in the Woodford-Chattanooga and Fayetteville-Caney shale-gas systems SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID OUACHITA MOUNTAINS; THERMAL MATURITY; OKLAHOMA; ARKANSAS; EMBAYMENT; FORELAND; SEDIMENTATION; TECTONICS; AREA; RIFT AB Wireline logs were used to document the stratigraphic framework of Upper Devonian-Mississippian strata in the Arkoma Basin, and maps of high-gamma ray (HGR) log response were used to analyze the spatial distribution of potential source rocks in the Woodford-Chattanooga and Fayetteville-Caney shale-gas systems. The Woodford-Chattanooga shale is a transgressive deposit that accumulated on an arid continental margin influenced by marine upwelling and minimal sediment influx. A broad HGR depocenter along the southwestern margin of the basin includes two areas of higher accommodation containing the thickest HGR concentrations. Basin-wide patterns of HGR likely reflect broad tectonic influence on accommodation. The proportion of chert in the formation increases eastward and southward, likely reflecting latitudinal and bathymetric influence on the accumulation of siliceous ooze. The Lower Mississippian Burlington sequence, which lies between the two shale-gas systems, comprises carbonate ramp and distal shale deposits. Proximal ramp facies form an apron around the southern flank of the Ozark uplift and grade radially basinward into distal facies. An Upper Mississippian succession in the east includes lowstand deposits of the Batesville delta, which onlap the relict Burlington ramp. Basinwide, the succession includes the transgressive Fayetteville-Caney shale overlain by regressive deposits of the proximal Pitkin Limestone and distal upper Fayetteville (Arkansas) and "false" Caney (Oklahoma) shale. The HGR shale is concentrated in an area of intermediate accommodation on the western margin of the Mississippi Embayment and just basinward of the Pitkin Limestone pinchout in Arkansas, and in an area of relatively high accommodation in Oklahoma. C1 [Houseknecht, David W.; Rouse, William A.; Mars, John C.; Fulk, Bryant] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Paxton, Stanley T.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Houseknecht, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM dhouse@usgs.gov; wrouse@usgs.gov; spaxton@usgs.gov; jmars@usgs.gov; fubr@chevron.com OI Rouse, William/0000-0002-0790-370X NR 79 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 EI 1558-9153 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 98 IS 9 BP 1739 EP 1759 DI 10.1306/03031413025 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ3ZV UT WOS:000342732900004 ER PT J AU Loisel, J Yu, ZC Beilman, DW Camill, P Alm, J Amesbury, MJ Anderson, D Andersson, S Bochicchio, C Barber, K Belyea, LR Bunbury, J Chambers, FM Charman, DJ De Vleeschouwer, F Fialkiewicz-Koziel, B Finkelstein, SA Galka, M Garneau, M Hammarlund, D Hinchcliffe, W Holmquist, J Hughes, P Jones, MC Klein, ES Kokfelt, U Korhola, A Kuhry, P Lamarre, A Lamentowicz, M Large, D Lavoie, M MacDonald, G Magnan, G Makila, M Mallon, G Mathijssen, P Mauquoy, D McCarroll, J Moore, TR Nichols, J O'Reilly, B Oksanen, P Packalen, M Peteet, D Richard, PJH Robinson, S Ronkainen, T Rundgren, M Sannel, ABK Tarnocai, C Thom, T Tuittila, ES Turetsky, M Valiranta, M van der Linden, M van Geel, B van Bellen, S Vitt, D Zhao, Y Zhou, WJ AF Loisel, Julie Yu, Zicheng Beilman, David W. Camill, Philip Alm, Jukka Amesbury, Matthew J. Anderson, David Andersson, Sofia Bochicchio, Christopher Barber, Keith Belyea, Lisa R. Bunbury, Joan Chambers, Frank M. Charman, Daniel J. De Vleeschouwer, Francois Fialkiewicz-Koziel, Barbara Finkelstein, Sarah A. Galka, Mariusz Garneau, Michelle Hammarlund, Dan Hinchcliffe, William Holmquist, James Hughes, Paul Jones, Miriam C. Klein, Eric S. Kokfelt, Ulla Korhola, Atte Kuhry, Peter Lamarre, Alexandre Lamentowicz, Mariusz Large, David Lavoie, Martin MacDonald, Glen Magnan, Gabriel Makila, Markku Mallon, Gunnar Mathijssen, Paul Mauquoy, Dmitri McCarroll, Julia Moore, Tim R. Nichols, Jonathan O'Reilly, Benjamin Oksanen, Pirita Packalen, Maara Peteet, Dorothy Richard, Pierre J. H. Robinson, Stephen Ronkainen, Tiina Rundgren, Mats Sannel, A. Britta K. Tarnocai, Charles Thom, Tim Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina Turetsky, Merritt Valiranta, Minna van der Linden, Marjolein van Geel, Bas van Bellen, Simon Vitt, Dale Zhao, Yan Zhou, Weijian TI A database and synthesis of northern peatland soil properties and Holocene carbon and nitrogen accumulation SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical cycles; climate change; data synthesis; long-term ecosystem dynamics; northern peatlands; soil carbon and nitrogen ID WEST-CENTRAL CANADA; LATERAL EXPANSION; THERMAL MAXIMUM; CLIMATE SYSTEM; RAISED BOG; DYNAMICS; PERMAFROST; PATTERNS; AMERICA; STORAGE AB Here, we present results from the most comprehensive compilation of Holocene peat soil properties with associated carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates for northern peatlands. Our database consists of 268 peat cores from 215 sites located north of 45 degrees N. It encompasses regions within which peat carbon data have only recently become available, such as the West Siberia Lowlands, the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Kamchatka in Far East Russia, and the Tibetan Plateau. For all northern peatlands, carbon content in organic matter was estimated at 42 +/- 3% (standard deviation) for Sphagnum peat, 51 +/- 2% for non-Sphagnum peat, and at 49 +/- 2% overall. Dry bulk density averaged 0.12 +/- 0.07 g/cm(3), organic matter bulk density averaged 0.11 +/- 0.05 g/cm(3), and total carbon content in peat averaged 47 +/- 6%. In general, large differences were found between Sphagnum and non-Sphagnum peat types in terms of peat properties. Time-weighted peat carbon accumulation rates averaged 23 +/- 2 (standard error of mean) g C/m(2)/yr during the Holocene on the basis of 151 peat cores from 127 sites, with the highest rates of carbon accumulation (25-28 g C/m(2)/yr) recorded during the early Holocene when the climate was warmer than the present. Furthermore, we estimate the northern peatland carbon and nitrogen pools at 436 and 10 gigatons, respectively. The database is publicly available at https://peatlands.lehigh.edu. C1 [Loisel, Julie; Yu, Zicheng; Bochicchio, Christopher; Klein, Eric S.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Beilman, David W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Camill, Philip] Bowdoin Coll, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Alm, Jukka; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland. [Amesbury, Matthew J.; Charman, Daniel J.; Hinchcliffe, William] Univ Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [Anderson, David] Eton Coll, Eton, England. [Andersson, Sofia; Kuhry, Peter; Sannel, A. Britta K.] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden. [Barber, Keith; Hughes, Paul; Mallon, Gunnar] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Belyea, Lisa R.] Queen Mary Univ London, London, England. [Bunbury, Joan] Univ Wisconsin La Crosse, La Crosse, WI USA. [Chambers, Frank M.; McCarroll, Julia] Univ Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, Glos, England. [De Vleeschouwer, Francois] CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. [De Vleeschouwer, Francois] Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Fialkiewicz-Koziel, Barbara; Galka, Mariusz; Lamentowicz, Mariusz] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, PL-61712 Poznan, Poland. [Finkelstein, Sarah A.; O'Reilly, Benjamin; Packalen, Maara] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Garneau, Michelle; Lamarre, Alexandre; Magnan, Gabriel] Univ Quebec Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Hammarlund, Dan; Rundgren, Mats] Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Holmquist, James; MacDonald, Glen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Kokfelt, Ulla] Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Korhola, Atte; Mathijssen, Paul; Ronkainen, Tiina; Valiranta, Minna] Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Large, David] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Lavoie, Martin] Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Makila, Markku; van Bellen, Simon] Geol Survey Finland, Espoo, Finland. [Mauquoy, Dmitri] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Moore, Tim R.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Nichols, Jonathan; Peteet, Dorothy] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Oksanen, Pirita] Ctr Econ Dev Transport & Environm, Helsinki, Finland. [Richard, Pierre J. H.] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Robinson, Stephen] Champlain Coll, Dublin, Ireland. [Thom, Tim] Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, Yorkshire Peat Partnership, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [van der Linden, Marjolein] BIAX Consult, Zaandam, Netherlands. [van Geel, Bas] Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vitt, Dale] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Zhao, Yan; Zhou, Weijian] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. RP Loisel, J (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM jul208@lehigh.edu; ziy2@lehigh.edu RI Zhou, Weijian/D-3393-2015; Mallon, Gunnar/F-8830-2015; Zhao, Yan/B-1785-2014; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/E-8784-2010; Finkelstein, Sarah/K-8202-2012; Charman, Dan/K-9303-2014; Yu, Zicheng/D-4108-2012; OI Magnan, Gabriel/0000-0002-7758-6922; Mallon, Gunnar/0000-0003-4936-2507; Zhao, Yan/0000-0003-1693-9795; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/0000-0003-0429-1530; Finkelstein, Sarah/0000-0002-8239-399X; Charman, Dan/0000-0003-3464-4536; Nichols, Jonathan/0000-0003-3913-2206; Alm, Jukka/0000-0002-1470-8849; Hammarlund, Dan/0000-0001-7147-8173 FU US NSF [ARC-1107981]; Alaska (NSF) [ARC-1107981, AGS-0628455, EAR-0819717]; Alaska (USGS Climate Research and Development Program); Canada (NSF) [ARC-1107981, EAR-0223271, EAR-0843685, AGS-0628598]; Canada (NSERC) [CRDPJ-305605, CRDPJ-365867]; Canada (Hydro-Quebec); NSF [OPP-9818496]; Academy of Finland [201321, 1133515]; University of Helsinki; Kamchatka (NSF) [ARC-1107981, ARC-1108116]; United Kingdom (Yorkshire Peat Partnership) FX The US NSF supported the synthesis work through grant ARC-1107981 to Lehigh University. The collection and analysis of unpublished records used in this synthesis were supported by the following funding agencies and research grants: Alaska (NSF ARC-1107981, AGS-0628455, and EAR-0819717; USGS Climate Research and Development Program), Canada (NSF ARC-1107981, EAR-0223271, EAR-0843685, and AGS-0628598; NSERC CRDPJ-305605, CRDPJ-365867; Hydro-Quebec), Fennoscandia and Western Siberia (NSF OPP-9818496; Academy of Finland 201321 and 1133515; University of Helsinki), Kamchatka (NSF ARC-1107981, ARC-1108116), and the United Kingdom (Yorkshire Peat Partnership). NR 76 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 21 U2 128 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 9 SI SI BP 1028 EP 1042 DI 10.1177/0959683614538073 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AQ1XO UT WOS:000342578200002 ER PT J AU Kinzie, CR Hee, SSQ Stich, A Tague, KA Mercer, C Razink, JJ Kennett, DJ DeCarli, PS Bunch, TE Wittke, JH Israde-Alcantara, I Bischoff, JL Goodyear, AC Tankersley, KB Kimbel, DR Culleton, BJ Erlandson, JM Stafford, TW Kloosterman, JB Moore, AMT Firestone, RB Tortosa, JEA Pardo, JFJ West, A Kennett, JP Wolbach, WS AF Kinzie, Charles R. Hee, Shane S. Que Stich, Adrienne Tague, Kevin A. Mercer, Chris Razink, Joshua J. Kennett, Douglas J. DeCarli, Paul S. Bunch, Ted E. Wittke, James H. Israde-Alcantara, Isabel Bischoff, James L. Goodyear, Albert C. Tankersley, Kenneth B. Kimbel, David R. Culleton, Brendan J. Erlandson, Jon M. Stafford, Thomas W. Kloosterman, Johan B. Moore, Andrew M. T. Firestone, Richard B. Aura Tortosa, J. E. Jorda Pardo, J. F. West, Allen Kennett, James P. Wolbach, Wendy S. TI Nanodiamond-Rich Layer across Three Continents Consistent with Major Cosmic Impact at 12,800 Cal BP SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YOUNGER DRYAS IMPACT; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT; N-DIAMOND; INDEPENDENT EVALUATION; HEXAGONAL DIAMONDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SILICON-CARBIDE; MURRAY SPRINGS; CUBIC DIAMOND AB A major cosmic-impact event has been proposed at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) cooling episode at0 approximate to 12,800 +/- 150 years before present, forming the YD Boundary (YDB) layer, distributed over >50 million km(2) on four continents. In 24 dated stratigraphic sections in 10 countries of the Northern Hemisphere, the YDB layer contains a clearly defined abundance peak in nanodiamonds (NDs), a major cosmic-impact proxy. Observed ND polytypes include cubic diamonds, lonsdaleite-like crystals, and diamond-like carbon nanoparticles, called n-diamond and i-carbon. The ND abundances in bulk YDB sediments ranged up to; approximate to 500 ppb (mean: 200 ppb) and that in carbon spherules up to; approximate to 3700 ppb (mean: approximate to 750 ppb); 138 of 205 sediment samples (67%) contained no detectable NDs. Isotopic evidence indicates that YDB NDs were produced from terrestrial carbon, as with other impact diamonds, and were not derived from the impactor itself. The YDB layer is also marked by abundance peaks in other impact-related proxies, including cosmic-impact spherules, carbon spherules (some containing NDs), iridium, osmium, platinum, charcoal, aciniform carbon (soot), and high-temperature melt-glass. This contribution reviews the debate about the presence, abundance, and origin of the concentration peak in YDB NDs. We describe an updated protocol for the extraction and concentration of NDs from sediment, carbon spherules, and ice, and we describe the basis for identification and classification of YDB ND polytypes, using nine analytical approaches. The large body of evidence now obtained about YDB NDs is strongly consistent with an origin by cosmic impact at; approximate to 12,800 cal BP and is inconsistent with formation of YDB NDs by natural terrestrial processes, including wildfires, anthropogenesis, and/or influx of cosmic dust. C1 [Kinzie, Charles R.; Stich, Adrienne; Tague, Kevin A.; Wolbach, Wendy S.] De Paul Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Hee, Shane S. Que] Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mercer, Chris] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Razink, Joshua J.] Univ Oregon, Ctr Adv Mat Characterizat, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Kennett, Douglas J.; Culleton, Brendan J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Anthropol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [DeCarli, Paul S.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bunch, Ted E.; Wittke, James H.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Geol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Israde-Alcantara, Isabel] Univ Michoacana, Inst Ciencias Tierra, Dept Geol & Mineral, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. [Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Goodyear, Albert C.] Univ S Carolina, South Carolina Inst Archaeol & Anthropol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Tankersley, Kenneth B.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Anthropol & Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kimbel, David R.] Kimstar Res, Fayetteville, NC 28312 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Stafford, Thomas W.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys & Astron, AMS Dating Ctr 14C, Aarhus, Denmark. [Stafford, Thomas W.] Geol Museum, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Moore, Andrew M. T.] Rochester Inst Technol, Coll Liberal Arts, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Firestone, Richard B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aura Tortosa, J. E.] Univ Valencia, Dept Prehist & Arqueol, E-46010 Valencia, Spain. [Jorda Pardo, J. F.] Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Fac Geog & Hist, Dept Prehist & Arqueol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [West, Allen] GeoSci Consulting, Dewey, AZ 86327 USA. [Kennett, James P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kennett, James P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP West, A (reprint author), GeoSci Consulting, Dewey, AZ 86327 USA. EM allen7633@aol.com RI Kennett, Douglas/I-7613-2015; Jorda, Jesus F./M-9193-2014; OI Kennett, Douglas/0000-0001-5133-9010; Jorda, Jesus F./0000-0002-3937-9199; Wolbach, Wendy/0000-0003-4398-8269; Aura Tortosa, J. Emili/0000-0003-1074-4495; Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 FU Office of Research; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US National Science Foundation grant [9986999]; US National Science Foundation grants, Marine Geology and Geophysics [ATM-0713769 and OCE-0825322] FX We thank Nick Schryvers, of the University of Antwerp, and several anonymous reviewers for detailed, helpful comments and corrections that led to significant improvements in this contribution. For samples and sampling assistance, we thank James Steele (Watcombe), James Teller (Lake Hind), William Topping (Gainey), and Malcolm LeCompte and Mark Demitroff (Melrose and Newtonville). HRTEM work was conducted at the Center for Advanced Materials Characterization at Oregon (CAMCOR), located at the University of Oregon, with support from the Office of Research. ICP-MS determinations for elements were made possible by NIEHS 1S10 RR017770. This research was supported, in part, for R. B. Firestone by US Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and US National Science Foundation grant 9986999 and for J. P. Kennett by US National Science Foundation grants ATM-0713769 and OCE-0825322, Marine Geology and Geophysics. NR 83 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 27 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 122 IS 5 BP 475 EP 505 DI 10.1086/677046 PG 31 WC Geology SC Geology GA AQ0YG UT WOS:000342508000001 ER PT J AU Adkins, JY Roby, DD Lyons, DE Courtot, KN Collis, K Carter, HR Shuford, WD Capitolo, PJ AF Adkins, Jessica Y. Roby, Daniel D. Lyons, Donald E. Courtot, Karen N. Collis, Ken Carter, Harry R. Shuford, W. David Capitolo, Phillip J. TI Recent Population Size, Trends, and Limiting Factors for the Double-Crested Cormorant in Western North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE cormorant; limiting factors; Pacific coast; Phalacrocorax auritus; population; status assessment ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; PACIFIC COAST; COMMON MURRES; SALTON-SEA; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; OCEAN AB The status of the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) in western North America was last evaluated during 1987-2003. In the interim, concern has grown over the potential impact of predation by double-crested cormorants on juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), particularly in the Columbia Basin and along the Pacific coast where some salmonids are listed for protection under the United States Endangered Species Act. Recent re-evaluations of double-crested cormorant management at the local, flyway, and federal level warrant further examination of the current population size and trends in western North America. We collected colony size data for the western population (British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and the portions of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico west of the Continental Divide) by conducting aircraft-, boat-, or ground-based surveys and by cooperating with government agencies, universities, and non-profit organizations. In 2009, we estimated approximately 31,200 breeding pairs in the western population. We estimated that cormorant numbers in the Pacific Region (British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California) increased 72% from 1987-1992 to circa 2009. Based on the best available data for this period, the average annual growth rate () of the number of breeding birds in the Pacific Region was 1.03, versus 1.07 for the population east of the Continental Divide during recent decades. Most of the increase in the Pacific Region can be attributed to an increase in the size of the nesting colony on East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary, which accounts for about 39% of all breeding pairs in the western population and is the largest known breeding colony for the species (12,087 breeding pairs estimated in 2009). In contrast, numbers of breeding pairs estimated in coastal British Columbia and Washington have declined by approximately 66% during this same period. Disturbance at breeding colonies by bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and humans are likely limiting factors on the growth of the western population at present. Because of differences in biology and management, the western population of double-crested cormorants warrants consideration as a separate management unit from the population east of the Continental Divide. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Adkins, Jessica Y.; Lyons, Donald E.; Courtot, Karen N.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Collis, Ken] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Carter, Harry R.] Carter Biol Consulting, Victoria, BC V8S 4S8, Canada. [Carter, Harry R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Shuford, W. David] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Capitolo, Phillip J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Adkins, JY (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM adkinsjy@yahoo.com OI Courtot, Karen/0000-0002-8849-4054 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, Oregon FX We are extremely grateful to the following individuals who contributed data, comments, or contributed to the original unpublished report in other ways: D. Battaglia, J. Beason, T. Bodeen, P. Bradley, R. Bradley, J. Cavitt, T. Chatwin, T. Corman, M. Elliott, A. Evans, F. Gress, S. Haig, L. Harvey, J. Jahncke, J. Jeffers, S. Jones, P. Loschl, R. Lowe, M. Machmer, G. McChesney, D. Mercer, P. Milburn, K. Molina, C. Moulton, M. Naughton, A. Orabona, J. Neill, M. Rauzon, C. Robinson-Nilsen, J. Steciw, S. Stephensen, D. Suddjian, Y. Suzuki, W. B. Tyler, C. Wightman, D. Withers, and D. Woolington. We would like to thank many seasonal employees, staff, and graduate students for their valuable assistance, particularly B. Courtot, D. Craig, C. Gilbert, C. Hand, L. Kerr, T. Marcella, A. Myers, and R. Suryan. This paper benefited from comments provided by M. McDowell, T. Messmer, L. Wires, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, Oregon (Geoff Dorsey and Paul Schmidt). NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1131 EP 1142 DI 10.1002/jwmg.737 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AQ2RF UT WOS:000342635100002 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Fieberg, J AF Mech, L. David Fieberg, John TI Re-Evaluating the Northeastern Minnesota Moose Decline and the Role of Wolves SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Alces alces; Canis lupus; climate change; Minnesota; moose; predation; temperature; survival; wolf ID ALCES-ALCES; POPULATION; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; CATTLE; ALASKA; CALVES AB We re-evaluated findings from Lenarz et al. (2009) that adult moose (Alces alces) survival in northeastern Minnesota was related to high January temperatures and that predation by wolves (Canis lupus) played a minor role. We found significant inverse relationships between annual wolf numbers in part of the moose range and various moose demographics from 2003 to 2013 that suggested a stronger role of wolves than heretofore believed. To re-evaluate the temperature findings, we conducted a simulation study, mimicking the approach taken by Lenarz et al. (2009), to explore the potential for concluding a significant relationship exists between temperature and survival, when no association exists. We found that the high R(2)s and low probabilities associated with the regression models in Lenarz et al. (2009) should be viewed cautiously in light of the large number of fitted models (m=45) and few observations (n=6 for each of 5 response variables). Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Fieberg, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1143 EP 1150 DI 10.1002/jwmg.775 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AQ2RF UT WOS:000342635100003 ER PT J AU Uher-Koch, BD Esler, D Dickson, RD Hupp, JW Evenson, JR Anderson, EM Barrett, J Schmutz, JA AF Uher-Koch, Brian D. Esler, Daniel Dickson, Rian D. Hupp, Jerry W. Evenson, Joseph R. Anderson, Eric M. Barrett, Jennifer Schmutz, Joel A. TI Survival of Surf Scoters and White-Winged Scoters during Remigial Molt SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; British Columbia; Melanitta fusca; Melanitta perspicillata; remigial molt; sea duck; surf scoter; survival; Washington; white-winged scoter ID FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE BIRDS; SEA DUCKS; BODY-MASS; MELANITTA-PERSPICILLATA; UNIFIED APPROACH; MARKED ANIMALS; WINTERING SURF AB Quantifying sources and timing of variation in demographic rates is necessary to determine where and when constraints may exist within the annual cycle of organisms. Surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) and white-winged scoters (M. fusca) undergo simultaneous remigial molt during which they are flightless for >1 month. Molt could result in reduced survival due to increased predation risk or increased energetic demands associated with regrowing flight feathers. Waterfowl survival during remigial molt varies across species, and has rarely been assessed for sea ducks. To quantify survival during remigial molt, we deployed very high frequency (VHF) transmitters on surf scoters (n=108) and white-winged scoters (n=57) in southeast Alaska and the Salish Sea (British Columbia and Washington) in 2008 and 2009. After censoring mortalities potentially related to capture and handling effects, we detected no mortalities during remigial molt; thus, estimates of daily and period survival for both scoter species during molt were 1.00. We performed sensitivity analyses in which mortalities were added to the dataset to simulate potential mortality rates for the population and then estimated the probability of obtaining a dataset with 0 mortalities. We found that only at high survival rates was there a high probability of observing 0 mortalities. We conclude that remigial molt is normally a period of low mortality in the annual cycle of scoters. The molt period does not appear to be a constraint on scoter populations; therefore, other annual cycle stages should be targeted by research and management efforts to change population trajectories. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Uher-Koch, Brian D.; Dickson, Rian D.; Anderson, Eric M.; Barrett, Jennifer] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Hupp, Jerry W.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Evenson, Joseph R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Uher-Koch, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM buher-koch@usgs.gov FU Sea Duck Joint Venture, Environment Canada; Washington Brant Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Simon Fraser University; Province of British Columbia through the Ministry of Advanced Education; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Field assistance in southeast Alaska was provided by G. Baluss, T. Bowman, J. Brown, P. Levesque, R. MacDonald, A. Pagano, L. Parker, A. Patterson, R. Piehl, J. Reed, V. Richard, C. VanStratt, and J. Whissel. In British Columbia and Washington, fieldwork was carried out by T. Cyra, B. Murphie, D. Nysewander, and S. Quinlan, with help from dozens of volunteers. This work was supported financially and logistically by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, Environment Canada, the Washington Brant Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Simon Fraser University, the Province of British Columbia through the Ministry of Advanced Education, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Forest Service, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. We thank D. Green, P. Flint, J. Pearce, B. Smith, R. Ydenberg, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1189 EP 1196 DI 10.1002/jwmg.774 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AQ2RF UT WOS:000342635100007 ER PT J AU Pitman, JW Cain, JW Liley, SG Gould, WR Quintana, NT Ballard, WB AF Pitman, James W. Cain, James W., III Liley, Stewart G. Gould, William R. Quintana, Nicole T. Ballard, Warren B. TI Post-Parturition Habitat Selection by Elk Calves and Adult Female Elk in New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bed site; Cervus elaphus; elk; habitat selection; neonate; predation ID BIRTH-SITE SELECTION; DESERT MULE DEER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PREDATION RISK; SERENGETI WILDEBEEST; LARGE HERBIVORES; CALVING SEASON; ROOSEVELT ELK; BEDDING SITES; BED SITES AB Neonatal survival and juvenile recruitment are crucial to maintaining viable elk (Cervus elaphus) populations. Neonate survival is known to be influenced by many factors, including bed-site selection. Although neonates select the actual bed-site location, they must do so within the larger calf-rearing area selected by the mother. As calves age, habitat selection should change to meet the changing needs of the growing calf. Our main objectives were to characterize habitat selection at 2 spatial scales and in areas with different predator assemblages in New Mexico. We evaluated bed-site selection by calves and calf-rearing area selection by adult females. We captured 108 elk calves by hand and fitted them with ear tag transmitters in two areas in New Mexico: the Valle Vidal and Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area. In both study areas, we found that concealing cover structure and distance to that cover influenced bed-site selection of young calves (i.e., <2 weeks of age). Older calves (i.e., 3-10 weeks of age) still selected areas in relation to distance to cover, but also preferred areas with higher visibility. At the larger spatial scale of calf-rearing habitat selection by the adult female, concealing cover (e.g., rocks, shrubs, and logs) and other variables important to the hiding calves were still in the most supported models, but selection was also influenced by forage availability and indices of forage quality. Studies that seek to obtain insight into microhabitat selection of ungulate neonates should consider selection by the neonate and selection by the adult female, changes in selection as neonates age, and potential selection differences in areas of differing predation risk. By considering these influences together and at multiple scales, studies can achieve a broader understanding of neonatal ungulate habitat requirements. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Pitman, James W.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Cain, James W., III] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88033 USA. [Liley, Stewart G.] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. [Gould, William R.] New Mexico State Univ, Appl Stat Program, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Quintana, Nicole T.; Ballard, Warren B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Pitman, JW (reprint author), New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, 2715 Northrise Dr, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. EM james.pitman@state.nm.us FU New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; New Mexico Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit; New Mexico State University; Dallas Safari Club, TE Inc.; Texas Tech University; New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station FX New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, New Mexico Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, New Mexico State University, Dallas Safari Club, T&E Inc., Texas Tech University, and the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station provided funding and support. We thank the U.S. Forest Service, Gila and Carson National Forests, USDA - APHIS, and Vermejo Park Ranch for logistical support. We thank T. Turnbull, T. Rogers, J. Duran, and J. Timmer, P. McGrew, and numerous other volunteers including those from New Mexico Game and Fish, Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico State University and Texas Tech University for assistance with elk calf captures and vegetation work. Comments by M.J. Kauffman, and 2 anonymous reviewers improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1216 EP 1227 DI 10.1002/jwmg.776 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AQ2RF UT WOS:000342635100010 ER PT J AU Perkins, R Boal, C Rollins, D Perez, RM AF Perkins, Rebecca Boal, Clint Rollins, Dale Perez, Robert M. TI Northern Bobwhite Predator Avoidance Behavior in Response to Varying Types of Threat SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colinus virginanus; cover selection; habitat management; northern bobwhite; predation; predator avoidance behavior; Texas ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; GROUP-SIZE; REQUIREMENTS; SELECTION; SURVIVAL AB The flight behavior and cover use of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) have been examined in several studies, but the current data lack quantitative measures of how bobwhites respond to natural threats. We examined aspects of bobwhite behavior in response to 4 threat categories: researcher, hunter, raptor, and mammal. We found that bobwhite flight distance is best predicted by threat type and covey size, and bobwhite flight speed is best predicted by threat type. Bobwhites flushed by the hunter threat and the raptor threat selected for significantly taller obstruction at landing sites than was randomly available, with average heights of 6.2cm taller (P=0.034), and 38.1cm taller (P<0.001), respectively. Raptor-flushed bobwhites also selected for significantly denser shrub cover (42.2%, P<0.001) and a lower angle of obstruction (70.4 degrees, P<0.001) at landing points than was randomly available. In the process of data collection, we also observed bobwhite roost locations have lower visual height obstruction (7.3cm, P=0.03), lower shrub intercept (10.1%, P=0.02), and greater angles of obstruction (18.5 degrees, P=0.005) than bobwhite diurnal locations; this may facilitate escape from nocturnal mammalian predators. Our results suggest that bobwhite escape strategies and cover use vary among threat types. These results support current management recommendations of creating a patchwork of vegetation covers for bobwhites but also suggest how a more complete understanding of bobwhite behavior would improve management and conservation efforts. (c) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Perkins, Rebecca] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boal, Clint] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Rollins, Dale] Texas Agrilife Res & Extens Ctr, Rolling Plains Quail Res Ranch, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. [Perez, Robert M.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, La Vernia, TX 78121 USA. RP Perkins, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM becki.perkins@ttu.edu FU Rolling Plains Quail Research Ranch; Texas Parks and Wildlife; United States Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources Management FX Any use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Rolling Plains Quail Research Ranch provided study site access. We thank B. A. Koennecke, L. M. Lacoste, and the rest of the RPQRR staff for their support in the field, and J. Walker for providing his goshawk and falconry experience, and D. Speigel for his tireless help in the field. Financial and logistical support for this project was provided by the Rolling Plains Quail Research Ranch, Texas Parks and Wildlife, United States Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources Management. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1272 EP 1281 DI 10.1002/jwmg.766 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AQ2RF UT WOS:000342635100015 ER PT J AU Roy, CL Herwig, CM Zicus, MC Rave, DP Brininger, WL McDowell, MKD AF Roy, Charlotte L. Herwig, Christine M. Zicus, Michael C. Rave, David P. Brininger, Wayne L. McDowell, Michelle K. D. TI Refuge Use by Hatching-Year Ring-Necked Ducks: An Individual-Based Telemetry Approach SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aythya collaris; Minnesota; radio-transmitter; refuge use; ring-necked duck; telemetry ID CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; HUNTING DISTURBANCE; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; DANISH WETLANDS; MINNESOTA; RATES AB Many studies have quantified use of established refuges where hunting is not permitted by counting waterfowl or conducting behavioral observations on refuges during hunting season. However, refuge use by individually marked birds remains largely unexplored, along with arrival and departure times, lengths of stay, and nighttime use. We used radio-transmitters and telemetry receiving stations that continuously scanned at 14 waterfowl refuges to test predictions that refuge use would be greatest during hunting hours and on weekends when hunting intensity was expected to be greatest, and that departures would occur in the evening after hunting ended. Movements on and off refuges coincided with sunrise and sunset, which approximated hunting hours. The average length of refuge stay was 12.0 +/- 0.5hours, although some departing birds returned repeatedly to refuges, resulting in longer accumulative stays. Use during the day was greater than at night at most refuges (92.7 +/- 18.1 vs. 56.1 +/- 10.8hr, P=0.03) and was greater on weekends during hunting season than before hunting opened (0.36 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.05, P=0.01). We also documented nighttime use at refuges with good or excellent food ratings by wildlife managers. Our findings are consistent with the use of refuges to avoid disturbance and suggest that many of these areas provide numerous benefits to ring-necked ducks during fall staging and migration in northern Minnesota. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Roy, Charlotte L.; Herwig, Christine M.; Zicus, Michael C.; Rave, David P.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Forest Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Brininger, Wayne L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rochert, MN 56578 USA. [McDowell, Michelle K. D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mcgregor, MN 55760 USA. RP Roy, CL (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Forest Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, 1201 E Hwy 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM charlotte.roy@state.mn.us FU Wildlife Restoration Program for Wildlife Research-Species and Habitat Initiatives [W-71-R-2]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 3 Migratory Bird Division FX The Wildlife Restoration Program for Wildlife Research-Species and Habitat Initiatives W-71-R-2 funded this project. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 3 Migratory Bird Division. J. Heineman and A. Buchert flew us into remote areas and helped us track birds. J. Fieberg and J. Giudice provided statistical advice. N. Besasie, S. Bischof, D. Borhart, P. Christensen, B. Ferry, P. Flicek, R. Hanauer, J. Kennedy, T. Laine, J. Lambert, J. Marty, T. Peterson, E. Sievers, E. Smith, M. Weegman, and E. Zlonis helped capture and radiotrack birds, as well as help establish remote towers. S. Cordts, J. Lawrence, K. Noyce, and B. Sampson helped with surgeries. S. Cordts also provided staging information. We would also like to thank Dr. A. Piller, M. Kelly, R. Gatti, D. Brandt, J. Finn, M. Robinson, R. Lego, and D. Barrett for their varied roles in helping with surgical advice, equipment, and field work. We thank Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Area Managers and related staff for their input on food availability at refuges. J. Lawrence, N. Barker, B. Collier, E. Merrill, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved this paper. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1310 EP 1317 DI 10.1002/jwmg.768 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AQ2RF UT WOS:000342635100019 ER PT J AU Russell, R AF Russell, Robin TI Spatial Capture-Recapture SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Russell, Robin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Russell, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rerussell@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1319 EP 1320 DI 10.1002/jwmg.762 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AQ2RF UT WOS:000342635100021 ER PT J AU Coleman, LS Ford, WM Dobony, CA Britzke, ER AF Coleman, Laci S. Ford, W. Mark Dobony, Christopher A. Britzke, Eric R. TI Comparison of Radio-telemetric Home-Range Analysis and Acoustic Detection for Little Brown Bat Habitat Evaluation SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; COASTAL-PLAIN; INDIANA BAT; OCCUPANCY; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; SCALES; SIZE AB With dramatic declines of bat populations due to mortality caused by Pseudogymnoascus destruclans (White-nose Syndrome), assessing habitat preferences of bats in the northeastern US is now critical to guide the development of regional conservation efforts. In the summer of 2012, we conducted fixed-station simultaneous telemetry to determine nocturnal spatial use and fixed-kernel home-range estimates of available habitat of a Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte) (Little Brown Bat) maternity colony in an artificial bat house. In summers of 2011 and 2012, we also deployed a 52-ha grid of 4 x 4 Anabat acoustic detectors over five 6-8-day sampling periods in various riparian and non-riparian environments in close proximity to the same bat house. The mean telemetry home range of 143 ha for bats (n = 7) completely overlapped the acoustic grid. Rankings of habitats from telemetry data for these 7 bats and 5 additional bats not included in home-range calculations but added for habitat-use measures (n = 13) revealed a higher proportional use of forested riparian habitats than other types at the landscape scale. Pair-wise comparisons of habitats indicated that bats were found significantly closer to forested riparian habitats and forests than to open water, developed areas, fields. shrublands, or wetland habitats at the landscape scale. Acoustic sampling showed that naive occupancy was 0.8 and 0.6 and mean nightly detection probabilities were 0.23 and 0.08 at riparian and non-riparian sites, respectively. Our findings suggest that Little Brown Bats select forested riparian and forested habitats for foraging at the landscape scale but may be most easily detected acoustically at riparian sites when a simple occupancy determination for an area is required. C1 [Coleman, Laci S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dobony, Christopher A.] Ft Drum Mil Installat, IMNE DRM PWE, Nat Resources Branch, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. [Britzke, Eric R.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wmford@vt.edu FU Fort Drum Natural Resources Branch through National Park Service, Southern Appalachian Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit [W9126G-11-2-SOI-0029]; US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Unit Research Work Order [VA-RWO-142] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Fort Drum Natural Resources Branch through National Park Service, Southern Appalachian Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit contract W9126G-11-2-SOI-0029 and the US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Unit Research Work Order VA-RWO-142. We thank R. Rainbolt, A. Dale, S. Dedrick, G. Luongo, and N. Grosse for field assistance. An earlier draft of this manuscript was reviewed by D. Stauffer. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 52 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD SEP PY 2014 VL 21 IS 3 BP 431 EP 445 DI 10.1656/045.021.0309 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ0QS UT WOS:000342488400012 ER PT J AU Warren, LH Bettoli, PW AF Warren, Lila H. Bettoli, Phillip W. TI Evidence of Natural Reproduction by Muskellunge in Middle Tennessee Rivers SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID IMPLEMENTATION; HABITAT AB Native Esox masquinongy (Muskellunge) in the Cumberland River drainage, TN, were nearly extirpated in the 1970s due to decades of over-fishing and habitat degradation from coal mining, logging, and other land-use practices. In an effort to preserve the species in that drainage, a stocking program began in 1976 in the upper Caney Fork River system in middle Tennessee where Muskellunge were not native. A trophy Muskellunge fishery eventually developed, but it was unknown whether Muskellunge were reproducing in the upper Caney Fork River system or whether the fishery was wholly dependent on the stocking program. To establish evidence of natural reproduction, we used seines, backpack electrofishing, and boat electrofishing gear in 2012 to find age-0 Muskellunge in the upper Caney Fork River system. Natural reproduction of Muskellunge was documented in the mainstem Caney Fork River above Great Falls Dam and in 3 of its 4 major tributaries. Seventeen age-0 Muskellunge were collected and one other was observed, but not handled. Age-0 Muskellunge grew rapidly (1.80-2.34 mm/day), and the largest fish collected during the study reached a total length of 399 mm by 9 October 2012. A cessation of stocking for several years coupled with routine monitoring could reveal whether natural recruitment is sufficient to sustain the fishery. C1 [Warren, Lila H.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Warren, LH (reprint author), West Virginia Div Nat Resources, Beckley, WV 25801 USA. EM lilawarren@gmail.com FU Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University; USGS Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit FX Funding for this research was provided by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; the Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University; and the USGS Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. We extend our thanks to Jack Swearingen, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, for his assistance during all phases of this work, as well as to all of the anglers who volunteered their opinions on the location of potential spawning and nursery habitats. This manuscript benefitted from constructive comments on earlier drafts by J.M. Redding. S.B. Cook, D. Isermann, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 13 IS 3 BP 506 EP 514 DI 10.1656/058.013.0310 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ0QK UT WOS:000342487600011 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, AM Rostal, DC Drake, KK Williams, KL Frick, MG Robinette, J Barnard-Keinath, DE AF LeBlanc, Anne Marie Rostal, David C. Drake, K. Kristina Williams, Kristina L. Frick, Michael G. Robinette, John Barnard-Keinath, Debra E. TI The Influence of Maternal Size on the Eggs and Hatchlings of Loggerhead Sea Turtles SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS; CARETTA-CARETTA; CLUTCH SIZE; SNAPPING TURTLES; BODY-SIZE; MORPHOLOGICAL CONSTRAINT; REPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; SEASONAL-VARIATION AB Our study examined variation in and correlation of reproductive traits for a population of Caretta caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle) nesting in Georgia and compared the results with those of other studies. We assessed variability in reproductive traits (i.e., maternal length, clutch size, egg diameter, egg mass, hatchling length. and hatchling mass) on the population level and individual level. At the population level, we investigated interannual and intraseasonal variation of these traits for 810 Loggerhead Sea Turtle nests in Georgia, on Wassaw National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and Blackbeard Island NWR during 2000-2003 and 2001-2003, respectively. As the nesting season progressed, we observed a decrease in clutch size, mean egg diameter, mean egg mass per clutch, mean hatchling length per clutch, and mean hatchling mass per clutch. Further, we measured all previously mentioned traits on a subset of the female turtles encountered on the beach (n = 24) and used these data to examine the variability of the traits on the individual level. Generalized linear modeling using this more refined individual-level data set indicated that 55% of the variability in clutch size was explained by a combination of maternal length (47%) and hatchling length (8%). This model suggested that clutch size was positively related with maternal length (t = 4.79) and negatively related with hatchling length (t = -1.90). Greater maternal length resulted in larger clutch size, but not larger egg size; thus, egg size was relatively constant irrespective of maternal length. These results support optimal egg-size theory, indicating a trade-off between clutch size and hatchling size to produce the optimum maternal investment per offspring. C1 [LeBlanc, Anne Marie; Rostal, David C.; Drake, K. Kristina] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Williams, Kristina L.] Caretta Res Project, Savannah, GA 31412 USA. [Frick, Michael G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Robinette, John; Barnard-Keinath, Debra E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Savannah Coastal Off, Wassaw & Tvbee Natl Wildlife Refuges, Savannah, GA 31405 USA. RP LeBlanc, AM (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, POB 8042, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM annemarielbeich@gmail.com FU Caretta Research Project on Wassaw NWR; USFWS Loggerhead Sea Turtle Program on Blackbeard Island NWR; Georgia Southern University Competitive Research Grants; Academic Excellence Award FX We thank the Caretta Research Project on Wassaw NWR and the USFWS Loggerhead Sea Turtle Program on Blackbeard Island NWR for providing personnel, equipment, and funding to conduct this project. We also thank David Veljacic, Robert Cail, Peter Range, Karen Pacheco, Darryl Woodard, Scott Gilge, Mark Dodd, and Adam Mackinnon, as well as USFWS interns (Alison Brady, Laura Csoboth, Neil McIntosh, and Jake Tuttle), and Caretta Research Project volunteers. Logistical support was provided by Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA; USFWS; Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, GA; and The University of Alabama at Birmingham. In addition, we thank Thane Wibbels and Susan Jewell for their review of this manuscript as well as Jessica Stephen and Nick Farmer for statistical assistance. Permits were provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (29-WMB-02112), USFWS (41620-00007; 41620-02018), and Georgia Southern University IACUC. Additional funding was provided by Georgia Southern University Competitive Research Grants and Academic Excellence Award. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 30 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 13 IS 3 BP 587 EP 599 DI 10.1656/058.013.0318 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ0QK UT WOS:000342487600017 ER PT J AU Balkcom, GD Garrettson, PR Benedict, RJ AF Balkcom, Gregory D. Garrettson, Pamela R. Benedict, R. Joseph, Jr. TI An Evaluation of June Wood Duck Banding in the Southern Atlantic Flyway SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; MISSISSIPPI; MANAGEMENT; DUCKLINGS; WATERFOWL; ALABAMA AB In waterfowl banding studies, the preseason banding period is commonly accepted as July through September; however, in an effort to increase Aix,sponsa (Wood Duck) banding in the Atlantic Flyway, several state agency biologists have considered banding Wood Ducks in June. We analyzed existing Wood Duck banding data to determine if direct band-recovery rates of Wood Ducks banded in June differed from those banded during July September. We calculated direct recovery rates by state, month, and year for 1998-2007 at selected states in the Atlantic Flyway. Arcsine-transformed direct band-recovery rates differed by month of banding (P = 0.0099; F = 3.973; df = 3, 111) and were lower in June than in July or August. We suggest that state or federal agencies conducting Wood Duck banding should spend their time and effort during the traditional banding period 1 July-30 September. C1 [Balkcom, Gregory D.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Game Management Sect, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Garrettson, Pamela R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Benedict, R. Joseph, Jr.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Div Hunting & Game Management, Tallahassee, FL 32311 USA. RP Balkcom, GD (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Game Management Sect, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. EM greg.balkcom@dnr.state.ga.us FU Wildlife Restoration Program FX We would like to thank the Atlantic Flyway Migratory Game Bird Technical Section's Wood Duck Committee for posing this question, and the Wildlife Restoration Program for partial funding of this project. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, US Fish and Wildlife Service, or the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 13 IS 3 BP 600 EP 606 DI 10.1656/058.013.0319 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ0QK UT WOS:000342487600018 ER PT J AU Wilson, S Bazin, R Calvert, W Doyle, T Earsom, SD Oswald, SA Arnold, JM AF Wilson, Scott Bazin, Ron Calvert, Wendy Doyle, Terry Earsom, Stephen D. Oswald, Stephen A. Arnold, Jennifer M. TI Abundance and Trends of Colonial Waterbirds on the Large Lakes of Southern Manitoba SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE aerial census; breeding populations; colonial waterbirds; Lake Manitoba; Lake Winnipeg; Lake Winnipegosis ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; AMERICAN GREAT-LAKES; NORTH-AMERICA; BREEDING COLONIES; POPULATION TRENDS; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; WHITE PELICANS; HERRING-GULLS; COMMON TERNS; AERIAL AB Regular surveys of waterbird colonies are needed to identify changes in abundance and distribution. Consistent surveys have been maintained in some regions, but one area where updated surveys were needed was southern Manitoba, where Lakes Winnipeg, Winnipegosis and Manitoba had not been jointly surveyed since 1979. In mid-June, 2012, an aerial survey of the region was conducted using digital photography to estimate abundance of six colonial waterbird species that are regular breeders on these lakes. Breeding by at least one of the six species was confirmed at 131 locations. Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) was the most abundant breeder (43,388 pairs, 47 colonies), followed by Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis, 41,819 pairs, 67 colonies), American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, 12,680 pairs, 20 colonies), Common Tern (Sterna hirundo, 7,950 pairs, 31 colonies), Herring Gull (L. argentatus, 4,013 pairs, 90 colonies) and Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia, 3,207 pairs, 14 colonies). Comparisons with earlier surveys in this region suggest that all six species have increased in abundance from the 1970s when populations were still recovering from earlier threats. However, Double-crested Cormorants, Caspian Terns and Common Terns show evidence of declines since the early 1990s. Standardized surveys of colonial waterbirds on these lakes should be maintained at 10-year intervals similar to the Great Lakes Monitoring Program. C1 [Wilson, Scott] Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Bazin, Ron] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Winnipeg, MB R3C 4W2, Canada. [Calvert, Wendy] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 1K5, Canada. [Doyle, Terry] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Earsom, Stephen D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent River, MD 20708 USA. [Oswald, Stephen A.; Arnold, Jennifer M.] Penn State Univ, Div Sci, Reading, PA 19610 USA. RP Wilson, S (reprint author), Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. EM scottd.wilson@ec.gc.ca FU Environment Canada; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Geographic Society Waitt [W176-11] FX We thank Leo Vergano and Derek Longley of Prairie Helicopters Inc. (Gimli, Manitoba) for all of their assistance in coordinating and conducting surveys, as well as Alyssa Wesselson, Sarah James and Amy Wilson for assisting with data collection. Randy Mooi kindly provided aerial photos of Eagle Island in 2012. Ralph Morris, Cynthia Pekarik and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by Environment Canada, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Geographic Society Waitt Grant #W176-11. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 3 BP 233 EP 244 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AQ0LY UT WOS:000342476000001 ER PT J AU Kang, SR King, SL AF Kang, Sung-Ryong King, Sammy L. TI Suitability of Coastal Marshes as Whooping Crane (Grus americana) Foraging Habitat in Southwest Louisiana, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE digestible energy density; foraging habitat suitability index; Grus americana; water depth; Whooping Crane ID AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; FRESH-WATER MARSH; WADING BIRDS; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; WOOD STORK; SELECTION; PREY; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION AB Foraging habitat conditions (i.e., water depth, prey biomass, digestible energy density) can be a significant predictor of foraging habitat selection by wading birds. Potential foraging habitats of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) using marshes include ponds and emergent marsh, but the potential prey and energy availability in these habitat types have rarely been studied. In this study, we estimated daily digestible energy density for Whooping Cranes in different marsh and microhabitat types (i.e., pond, flooded emergent marsh). Also, indicator metrics of foraging habitat suitability for Whooping Cranes were developed based on seasonal water depth, prey biomass, and digestible energy density. Seasonal water depth (cm), prey biomass (g wet weight m(-2)), and digestible energy density (kcal g(-1)m-(2)) ranged from 0.0 to 50.2 +/- 2.8, 0.0 to 44.8 +/- 22.3, and 0.0 to 31.0 +/- 15.3, respectively. With the exception of freshwater emergent marsh in summer, all available habitats were capable of supporting one Whooping Crane per 0.1 ha per day. All habitat types in the marshes had relatively higher suitability in spring and summer than in fall and winter. Our study indicates that based on general energy availability, freshwater marshes in the region can support Whooping Cranes in a relatively small area, particularly in spring and summer. In actuality, the spatial density of ponds, the flood depth of the emergent marsh, and the habitat conditions (e.g., vegetation density) between adjacent suitable habitats will constrain suitable habitat and Whooping Crane numbers. C1 [Kang, Sung-Ryong] Natl Inst Ecol, Bur Basic Ecol Res, Seochongun 325813, South Korea. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kang, SR (reprint author), Natl Inst Ecol, Bur Basic Ecol Res, Seochongun 325813, South Korea. EM skanglsutigers@gmail.com FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant; International Crane Foundation FX This project was supported by a Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant with additional support from the International Crane Foundation. We thank M. Folk, M. La-Peyre, J. A. Nyman, R. Keim, and A. Rutherford for their critical insights. The authors would like to acknowledge the field and laboratory contributions of J. Linscombe, R. Cormier, M. Huber, and A. Williamson. In addition, we extend gratitude to M. Kaller for statistical assistance and H. S. Lee for mathematical equation development. Collections were made under Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Animal Care and Use Committee protocol (#AE2008-012). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 25 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 3 BP 254 EP 263 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AQ0LY UT WOS:000342476000003 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Walker, BJ Munson, SM Gill, RA AF Belnap, Jayne Walker, Beau J. Munson, Seth M. Gill, Richard A. TI Controls on sediment production in two US deserts SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wind erosion; Biological soil crusts; Soil protection; Disturbance; Drylands ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; THRESHOLD FRICTION VELOCITY; WIND EROSION; AGGREGATE STABILITY; DUST EMISSIONS; MOJAVE DESERT; DISTURBANCE; ERODIBILITY; PARTICLES; SURFACES AB Much of the world's airborne sediment originates from dryland regions. Soil surface disturbances in these regions are ever-increasing due to human activities such as energy and mineral exploration and development, recreation, suburbanization, livestock grazing and cropping. Sediment production can have significant impacts to human health with particles potentially carrying viruses such as Valley Fever or causing asthma or other respiratory diseases. Dust storms can cause decreased visibility at the ground level, resulting in highway accidents, and reduced visual quality in park and wildland airsheds. Sediment production and deposition is also detrimental to ecosystem health, as production reduces soil fertility at its source and can bury plants and other organisms where it is deposited. Therefore, it is important to understand how we can predict what areas are prone to producing sediment emissions both before and after soil surface disturbance. We visited 87 sites in two deserts of the western U.S. that represented a range of soil texture and surface cover types. We used a portable wind tunnel to estimate the threshold friction velocity (TFV) required to initiate sediment transport and the amount of sediment produced by the tunnel at a set wind speed. Wind tunnel runs were done before and after soil surface disturbance with a four-wheel drive vehicle. Results show that most undisturbed desert soils are very stable, especially if covered by rocks or well-developed biological soil crusts, which make them virtually wind-erosion proof. Particles at disturbed sites, in contrast, moved at relatively low wind speeds and produced high amounts of sediment. Silt was an important predictor of TFV and sediment production across all sites, whereas the influence of rock cover and biological soil crusts was site-dependent. Understanding the vulnerability of a site after disturbance is important information for land managers as they plan land use activities and attempt to mitigate the harmful effects that sediment production can have on both human and ecosystem health. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Belnap, Jayne; Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Walker, Beau J.; Gill, Richard A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jbelnap@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 14 SI SI BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.03.007 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA AP7LZ UT WOS:000342260100003 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Anthony, TL Goldstein, D Rytuba, JJ AF Kim, Christopher S. Anthony, Tyler L. Goldstein, Daniel Rytuba, James J. TI Windborne transport and surface enrichment of arsenic in semi-arid mining regions: Examples from the Mojave Desert, California SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Bioaccessibility; Mining; Surface enrichment; Tailings ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; MINE TAILINGS; PARTICLE DISSOLUTION; NEVADA; IMPACT; WASTE; DUST; LEAD; PH; BIOACCESSIBILITY AB Gold and silver mining conducted throughout the state of California has left an environmental legacy of exposed mine wastes containing elevated levels of toxic metals and metalloids including arsenic (As), a known carcinogen. These mine tailings, particularly the fine-grained size fractions, are susceptible to weathering and windborne transport, significantly increasing the spatial extent of contamination in topsoils and potential exposure of humans to toxic metal(loid)s. Depth-based field sampling of soils surrounding several abandoned mines in the Mojave Desert (Southern CA) have identified an exponential decline in As soil enrichment with both depth and increasing distance from tailings piles to the east, consistent with prevailing west-to-east wind directions. In vitro extraction studies using a phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF), mimicking the inhalation of the most finely sieved size fraction of selected samples (<= 20 mu m), indicate that initial solid As concentration is the strongest indicator in predicting the concentration of As released in the lung. When extraction data are incorporated into exposure risk assessment calculations, the majority of samples investigated exceed both cancer risk thresholds and non-cancer-related minimal risk levels (MRLs) based on long-term chronic exposure to airborne mine tailings dusts. This suggests that long-term residents of communities located close to these abandoned mine sites, especially those who reside downwind (i.e. east) of mine tailings piles, face possible health effects due to the inhalation of fine-grained mine tailings mobilized through aeolian processes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Christopher S.; Anthony, Tyler L.] Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Goldstein, Daniel; Rytuba, James J.] US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, One Univ Dr, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM cskim@chapman.edu FU NSF-CAREER Award [0847811]; Bureau of Land Management, and Environmental Protection Agency Award [83415101-0]; California Department of Toxic Substance Control FX This work was funded by NSF-CAREER Award No. 0847811, a subcontract from the Bureau of Land Management, and Environmental Protection Agency Award No 83415101-0 in conjunction with the California Department of Toxic Substance Control. The authors wish to thank Chapman Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory members jack Jacobs for wind rose design and Rebecca Chesne for assistance with aspects of this project, and several past members who participated in field sampling. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 14 SI SI BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.02.007 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA AP7LZ UT WOS:000342260100008 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE LaRue, CT Drost, CA Arundel, TR AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. LaRue, Charles T. Drost, Charles A. Arundel, Terence R. TI Traditional Cultural Use as a Tool for Inferring Biogeography and Provenance: A Case Study Involving Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta) and Hopi Native American Culture in Arizona, USA SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; GLYPTEMYS-INSCULPTA; EXPRESS TRAIN; CALIFORNIA; DISPERSAL; CORTEZ; SEA AB Inferring the natural distribution and native status of organisms is complicated by the role of ancient and modern humans in utilization and translocation. Archaeological data and traditional cultural use provide tools for resolving these issues. Although the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) has a transcontinental range in the United States, populations in the Desert Southwest are scattered and isolated. This pattern may be related to the fragmentation of a more continuous distribution as a result of climate change after the Pleistocene, or translocation by Native Americans who used turtles for food and ceremonial purposes. Because of these conflicting or potentially confounded possibilities, the distribution and status of C. picta as a native species in the state of Arizona has been questioned in the herpetological literature. We present evidence of a population that once occurred in the vicinity of Winslow, Arizona, far from current remnant populations on the upper Little Colorado River. Members of the Native American Hopi tribe are known to have hunted turtles for ceremonial purposes in this area as far back as AD 1290 and possibly earlier. Remains of C. picta are known from several pueblos in the vicinity including Homol'ovi, Awatovi, and Walpi. Given the great age of records for C. picta in Arizona and the concordance of its fragmented and isolated distribution with other reptiles in the region, we conclude that painted turtles are part of the native fauna of Arizona. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Drost, Charles A.; Arundel, Terence R.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr,MS-9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; ringtail@infomagic.net; charles_drost@usgs.gov; terry_arundel@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 NR 51 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP PY 2014 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1643/CH-13-076 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AP8NK UT WOS:000342335500003 ER PT J AU Walls, SC Hamed, K Mitchell, JC AF Walls, Susan C. Hamed, Kevin Mitchell, Joseph C. TI James Albert and Della Sprague Organ SO COPEIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR C1 [Walls, Susan C.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Hamed, Kevin] Virginia Highlands Community Coll, Abingdon, VA 24212 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov; khamed@vhcc.edu; Dr.Joe.Mitchell@gmail.com OI Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP PY 2014 IS 2 BP 248 EP 250 DI 10.1643/OT-14-054 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AP8NK UT WOS:000342335500008 ER PT J AU Stauffer, GE Rotella, JJ Garrott, RA Kendall, WL AF Stauffer, Glenn E. Rotella, Jay J. Garrott, Robert A. Kendall, William L. TI Environmental correlates of temporary emigration for female Weddell seals and consequences for recruitment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture-mark-recapture; colonial breeding; density dependence; environmental variability; marine mammal; McMurdo Sound, Antarctica; open robust-design multistate; pinniped; Ross Sea; trade-offs; unobservable states ID MCMURDO-SOUND; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLI; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; COLONY ATTENDANCE; DIVING BEHAVIOR; ELEPHANT SEALS; GROWTH-RATES; FUR SEALS; SURVIVAL AB In colonial-breeding species, prebreeders often emigrate temporarily from natal reproductive colonies then subsequently return for one or more years before producing young. Variation in attendance-nonattendance patterns can have implications for subsequent recruitment. We used open robust-design multistate models and 28 years of encounter data for prebreeding female Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii [Lesson]) to evaluate hypotheses about (1) the relationships of temporary emigration (TE) probabilities to environmental and population size covariates and (2) motivations for attendance and consequences of nonattendance for subsequent probability of recruitment to the breeding population. TE probabilities were density dependent ((beta) over cap (BPOP) = 0.66, (SE) over cap = 0.17; estimated effects [beta] and standard errors of population size in the previous year) and increased when the fast-ice edge was distant from the breeding colonies ((beta) over cap (DIST) = 0.75, (SE) over cap = 0.04; estimated effects and standard errors of distance to the sea-ice edge in the current year on TE probability in the current year) and were strongly age and state dependent. These results suggest that trade-offs between potential benefits and costs of colony attendance vary annually and might influence motivation to attend colonies. Recruitment probabilities were greatest for seals that consistently attended colonies in two or more years (e.g., (psi) over cap (age10) = 0.56, SD = 0.17) and lowest for seals that never or inconsistently attended prior to recruitment (e.g., (psi) over cap (age10) = 0.32, SD = 0.15), where (psi) over cap (age10) denotes the mean recruitment probability (over all years) for 10-year-old seals for the specified prebreeder state. In colonial-breeding seabirds, repeated colony attendance increases subsequent probability of recruitment to the adult breeding population; our results suggest similar implications for a marine mammal and are consistent with the hypothesis that prebreeders were motivated to attend reproductive colonies to gain reproductive skills or perhaps to optimally synchronize estrus through close association with mature breeding females. C1 [Stauffer, Glenn E.; Rotella, Jay J.; Garrott, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stauffer, GE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 419 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ges162@psu.edu FU National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs [ANT-0635739] FX The National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs (grant no. ANT-0635739 to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, and D. B. Siniff, and previous grants to D. B. Siniff and J. W. Testa) funded our work. Raytheon Polar Services Corporation, Petroleum Helicopters International, and the New York National Guard provided logistical support, and many field assistants assisted with data collection. M. LaRue and C. Porter extracted data for sea-ice covariates. T. E. McMahon, D. B. Siniff, J. A. Schmutz, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on previous manuscript drafts. Animal handling protocol was approved by Montana State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #41-05). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 BP 2526 EP 2536 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP8PF UT WOS:000342340200015 ER PT J AU Peron, G Walker, J Rotella, J Hines, JE Nichols, JD AF Peron, Guillaume Walker, Johann Rotella, Jay Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. TI Estimating nest abundance while accounting for time-to-event processes and imperfect detection SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anas discors; Blue-winged Teal; capture-recapture; habitat choice; nest success; North and South Dakota, USA; population density; population dynamics; Prairie Pothole Region ID RECAPTURE; SURVIVAL; HETEROGENEITY; POPULATIONS; INCUBATION; PREDATION; MODELS; BIRDS AB Birds and their population dynamics are often used to understand and document anthropogenic effects on biodiversity. Nest success is a critical component of the breeding output of birds in different environments; but to obtain the complete picture of how bird populations respond to perturbations, we also need an estimate of nest abundance or density. The problem is that raw counts generally underestimate actual nest numbers because detection is imperfect and because some nests may fail or fledge before being subjected to detection efforts. Here we develop a state-space superpopulation capture-recapture approach in which inference about detection probability is based on the age at first detection, as opposed to the sequence of re-detections in standard capture-recapture models. We apply the method to ducks in which (1) the age of the nests and their initiation dates can be determined upon detection and (2) the duration of the different stages of the breeding cycle is a priori known. We fit three model variants with or without assumptions about the phenology of nest initiation dates, and use simulations to evaluate the performance of the approach in challenging situations. In an application to Blue-winged Teal Anas discors breeding at study sites in North and South Dakota, USA, nesting stage (egg-laying or incubation) markedly influenced nest survival and detection probabilities. Two individual covariates, one binary covariate (presence of grazing cattle at the nest site), and one continuous covariate (Robel index of vegetation), had only weak effects. We estimated that 5-10% of the total number of nests were available for detection but were missed by field crews. An additional 6-15% were never available for detection. These percentages are expected to be larger in less intense, more typical sampling designs. User-friendly software nestAbund is provided to assist users in implementing the method. C1 [Peron, Guillaume] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Walker, Johann] Ducks Unltd Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Rotella, Jay] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Peron, Guillaume; Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Peron, G (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM peron_guillaume@yahoo.fr RI PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank three reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 BP 2548 EP 2557 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP8PF UT WOS:000342340200017 ER PT J AU Link, WA AF Link, William A. TI A cautionary note on the discrete uniform prior for the binomial N: reply SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BAYES C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wlink@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 BP 2677 EP 2679 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP8PF UT WOS:000342340200031 ER PT J AU Deng, YF Zhang, ZJ Mooney, W Badal, J Fan, WM Zhong, Q AF Deng, Yangfan Zhang, Zhongjie Mooney, Walter Badal, Jose Fan, Weiming Zhong, Qiu TI Mantle origin of the Emeishan large igneous province (South China) from the analysis of residual gravity anomalies SO LITHOS LA English DT Article DE Stripping; Residual gravity anomaly; Density anomaly model; Mantle plume; Emeishan igneous province; South China ID PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; FLOOD-BASALT PROVINCE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SOUTHWESTERN CHINA; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SEISMIC VELOCITY; THERMAL STRUCTURE; MASS EXTINCTION; OROGENIC BELT AB Despite numerous geologic and geochemical studies conducted on the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (LIP) in SW China, the deep origin of this LIP is still poorly constrained. Here we investigate the residual gravity anomaly in South China, and its relationship to the Emeishan LIP, in conjunction with deep seismic sounding profiles, deep seismic reflection surveys and a variety of broadband seismic observations performed in South China during the past few decades. Our analysis includes the removal of related gravitational effects due to: (1) the sediments, (2) the crystalline basement, undulations of (3) the upper crust, (4) the Moho and (5) the mantle lid. The resultant residual gravity anomaly in the Emeishan LIP and surrounding region reaches a maximum value of + 150 mGal and decreases gradually with distance from this inner zone. With the conjugate gradient method, we develop a lithospheric model consisting of a cylindrical-shaped positive density anomaly that provides a good fit to the observed residual gravity anomaly. The inverted density anomaly of the Emeishan LIP is +0.06 g/cm(3) in the inner zone and decreases to about +0.03 g/cm(3) in the outer zone. The observed positive residual gravity and the corresponding high density can be attributed to mafic/ultramafic rocks and cooled surrounding rocks generated by large scale magmatic intrusion. Hence, taking account of the Permian Emeishan LIP, our residual gravity and density model provide evidence for the formation by an upwelling of a mantle plume. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Deng, Yangfan; Fan, Weiming] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Deng, Yangfan; Zhang, Zhongjie] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Mooney, Walter] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Badal, Jose] Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. [Zhong, Qiu] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Deng, YF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM dengyangfan@mail.iggcas.ac.cn RI Deng, Yangfan/B-7681-2016 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CB808904]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41021063]; Earthquake Hazard Program of the US Geological Survey FX The suggestions made by Xiaobo Tian, Yun Chen and Elizabeth Barnett, and the constructive comments made by Prof. Yigang Xu and two anonymous reviewers helped to greatly improve the manuscript. This work was sponsored by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, grant 2011CB808904) and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (41021063). The support of the Earthquake Hazard Program of the US Geological Survey is gratefully acknowledged. The present work takes advantage of the Collaboration Agreement between the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, and the University of Zaragoza, Spain. NR 103 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 EI 1872-6143 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 204 SI SI BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.02.008 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA AP7MC UT WOS:000342260400002 ER PT J AU Biren, MB van Soest, MC Wartho, JA Hodges, KV Glass, BP Koeberl, C Horton, JW Hale, W AF Biren, M. B. van Soest, M. C. Wartho, J-A. Hodges, K. V. Glass, B. P. Koeberl, C. Horton, J. W., Jr. Hale, W. TI (U-TH)/HE ZIRCON DATING OF CHESAPEAKE BAY EJECTA; OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM SITE 1073A SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 08-13, 2014 CL Casablanca, MOROCCO SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Biren, M. B.; van Soest, M. C.; Wartho, J-A.; Hodges, K. V.] Arizona State Univ, SESE, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Glass, B. P.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Koeberl, C.] Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Horton, J. W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hale, W.] IODP Core Repository, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM marc.biren@asu.edu RI Hodges, Kip/A-7992-2009; Wartho, Jo-Anne/B-5169-2016 OI Hodges, Kip/0000-0003-2805-8899; NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 SU 1 SI SI BP A39 EP A39 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP2PA UT WOS:000341914200036 ER PT J AU McCubbin, FM Tartese, R Santos, AR Domokos, G Muttik, N Szabo, T Vazquez, J Boyce, JW Keller, LP Jerolmack, DJ Anand, M Moser, DE Delhaye, T Shearer, CK Agee, CB AF McCubbin, F. M. Tartese, R. Santos, A. R. Domokos, G. Muttik, N. Szabo, T. Vazquez, J. Boyce, J. W. Keller, L. P. Jerolmack, D. J. Anand, M. Moser, D. E. Delhaye, T. Shearer, C. K. Agee, C. B. TI ALTERATION OF SEDIMENTARY CLASTS IN MARTIAN METEORITE NORTHWEST AFRICA 7034 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 08-13, 2014 CL Casablanca, MOROCCO SP Meteorit Soc C1 [McCubbin, F. M.; Santos, A. R.; Muttik, N.; Shearer, C. K.; Agee, C. B.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Tartese, R.; Anand, M.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Domokos, G.; Szabo, T.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Mech Mat & Struct, Budapest, Hungary. [Vazquez, J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vazquez, J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford USGS Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Boyce, J. W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Keller, L. P.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Jerolmack, D. J.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Anand, M.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Earth Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Moser, D. E.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Delhaye, T.] Univ Rennes 1, Plateforme ONIS NanoSIMS, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM fmccubbi@unm.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 SU 1 SI SI BP A269 EP A269 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP2PA UT WOS:000341914200266 ER PT J AU Schmidt, K Bau, M Hein, JR Koschinsky, A AF Schmidt, Katja Bau, Michael Hein, James R. Koschinsky, Andrea TI Fractionation of the geochemical twins Zr-Hf and Nb-Ta during scavenging from seawater by hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; FE-MN CRUSTS; HAFNIUM ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; DISSOLVED ZIRCONIUM; NE ATLANTIC; DEEP-WATER; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ND ISOTOPES; PB ISOTOPES AB In contrast to igneous systems, the geochemical twins Zr and Hf are decoupled from each other in seawater, and specific Zr/Hf ratios appear to be characteristic of individual marine water masses. Hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts which accumulate trace metals from seawater may be an archive of Zr/Hf ratios that reveal changes in oceanic paleocirculation over millions of years. To verify whether Fe-Mn crusts truly reflect the Zr-Hf distribution in seawater, we studied these particle-reactive elements together with Nb and Ta (another geochemical twin pair) in bulk Fe-Mn crusts and their surface layers from different locations in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Zirconium (400-1000 mg kg(-1)), Hf (5-18 mg kg(-1)), Nb (42-83 mg kg(-1)) and Ta (0.5-1.5 mg kg(-1)) are significantly enriched in Fe-Mn crusts relative to the average continental crust, and their Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios are super-chondritic (57-87 and 35-96, respectively), whereas the continental crust shows ratios close to those of chondrites. We emphasize that neither bulk Fe-Mn crusts nor their surface layers match the Zr/Hf or Nb/Ta ratios of modern deep seawater, but are lower and higher, respectively. The presence of aluminosilicate detritus cannot explain the different Zr/Hf ratios of crusts and ambient seawater, as potential detritus has much lower Zr and Hf concentrations. Consequently, these geochemical twins must be fractionated during their removal from seawater and their incorporation into Fe-Mn (oxyhydr) oxides. Hafnium is preferentially scavenged as shown by Zr/Hf ratios of crust surface layers (75-100) that are always below those of modern deep seawater (150-300). The decoupled behavior of geochemical twins during sorption, which is also observed for Nb-Ta, can be related to differences in the electron structures of these elements. Iron-normalized concentrations of Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta increase with increasing size of the positive Ce anomaly (known to increase with decreasing growth rate), which is accompanied by decreasing Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios. Concentrations and ratios of Zr-Hf and Nb-Ta in the crusts are controlled by the Fe/Mn ratio, the growth rate of a crust, and by the composition of ambient seawater. On a basin-wide scale, the variation of Zr/Hf ratios in Fe-Mn crusts, although different from those of ambient seawater, generally reflects the variation of the regional seawater. Compared to Fe-Mn crusts from the Central Pacific, crusts from the NE Atlantic display lower Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios. This likely reflects the lower Zr/Hf ratios in Atlantic deep water compared to Pacific deep water. Although the Zr/Hf ratio of Fe-Mn crusts broadly reflects major changes in seawater circulation, the Zr/Hf signatures of individual Fe-Mn crust layers cannot be used as a paleoceanographic proxy because they are continuously modified by ongoing sorption. Sorption of Zr and Hf onto Fe and/or Mn (oxyhydr) oxides that occur either as discrete particles or as particle coatings, appear to be an efficient way to fractionate Zr and Hf and may significantly contribute to the continuous fractionation of dissolved Zr and Hf observed in seawater. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmidt, Katja; Bau, Michael; Koschinsky, Andrea] Jacobs Univ Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Schmidt, K (reprint author), Jacobs Univ Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. EM k.schmidt@jacobs-university.de RI Bau, Michael/D-4457-2016; Koschinsky, Andrea /R-2927-2016 OI Koschinsky, Andrea /0000-0002-9224-0663 NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 140 BP 468 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.036 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP2SP UT WOS:000341925300030 ER PT J AU Lloyd, P Abadi, F Altwegg, R Martin, TE AF Lloyd, Penn Abadi, Fitsum Altwegg, Res Martin, Thomas E. TI South temperate birds have higher apparent adult survival than tropical birds in Africa SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CLUTCH-SIZE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; BREEDING BIOLOGY; MARKED ANIMALS; NEST PREDATION; RATES; TERRITORIALITY; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES AB Life history theory predicts an inverse relationship between annual adult survival and fecundity. Globally, clutch size shows a latitudinal gradient among birds, with south temperate species laying smaller clutches than north temperate species, but larger clutches than tropical species. Tropical birds often have higher adult survival than north temperate birds associated with their smaller clutches. However, the prediction that tropical birds should also have higher adult survival than south temperate birds because of smaller clutch sizes remains largely untested. We measured clutch size and apparent annual breeding adult survival for 17 south temperate African species to test two main predictions. First, we found strong support for a predicted inverse relationship between adult survival and clutch size among the south temperate species, consistent with life-history theory. Second, we compared our clutch size and survival estimates with published estimates for congeneric tropical African species to test the prediction of larger clutch size and lower adult survival among south temperate than related tropical species. We found that south-temperate species laid larger clutches, as predicted, but had higher, rather than lower, apparent adult survival than related tropical species. The latter result may be an artefact of different approaches to measuring survival, but the results suggest that adult survival is generally high in the south temperate region and raises questions about the importance of the cost of reproduction to adult survival. C1 [Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Lloyd, Penn] Biodiversity Assessment & Management Pty Ltd, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia. [Abadi, Fitsum; Altwegg, Res] South African Natl Biodivers Inst, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa. [Abadi, Fitsum] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Stat & Actuarial Sci, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, African Climate & Dev Initiat, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, Dept Stat Sci, Ctr Stat Ecol Environm & Conservat, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Lloyd, P (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, P Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM penn@baamecology.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU National Science Foundation [INT-9906030, DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041]; National Research Foundation; Claude Leon Foundation FX We thank volunteer banders from the Tygerberg Bird Club for extensive assistance with colour-banding birds, particularly Margaret McCall, Bob Ellis, Lee Silks, and Bridget de Kok. Many field assistants and co-workers helped locate and monitor nests and resight the colour-band combinations of breeding adults each year, particularly Sonya Auer and Ron Bassar, Simon Davies, Andrew Taylor, Corine Eising, David Nkosi, Joseph Fontaine, Davide Gaglio, Pierre-Yves Perroi, Justin Shew, Anna Chalfoun, Riccardo Ton, Adams Chaskda, Alexander Neu, Julia Taubman, and Bettina Christ. We thank Gert Greef and Hilton Westman for permission to work at ESKOM's Koeberg Nature Reserve, and Wes Hochachka for comments that improved the manuscript. This work was supported in part through National Science Foundation grants (INT-9906030, DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041 to TEM), National Research Foundation grants (to PL and RA) and a Claude Leon Foundation fellowship (to FA). Capture and banding activities were licensed by Cape Nature and SAFRING, the South African bird-banding scheme that issued the numbered metal bands, and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee, Univ. of Cape Town and IACUC #059-10TMMCWRU at the Univ. of Montana. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Although the WinBUGS program has been used by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or the U.S. Government as to the accuracy and functioning of the program and related program material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 45 IS 5 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.1111/jav.00454 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO9VH UT WOS:000341706400010 ER PT J AU Holmgren, CA Betancourt, JL Penalba, MC Delgadillo, J Zuravnsky, K Hunter, KL Rylander, KA Weiss, JL AF Holmgren, Camille A. Betancourt, Julio L. Cristina Penalba, M. Delgadillo, Jose Zuravnsky, Kristin Hunter, Kimberly L. Rylander, Kate A. Weiss, Jeremy L. TI Evidence against a Pleistocene desert refugium in the Lower Colorado River Basin SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Baja California; glacial refugium; Juniperus californica; Larrea tridentata; Mexico; Neotoma; packrat middens; Sonoran Desert ID FLOWERING PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH; POLYPLOIDY; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; RAINFALL; HISTORY; CLIMATE; TIME AB Aim The absence of Sonoran Desert plants in late Pleistocene-aged packrat middens has led to speculation that they survived glacial episodes either in refugia as intact associations (Clementsian community concept) or in dry microsites within chaparral or woodland according to individualistic species responses (Gleasonian community concept). To test these hypotheses, we developed a midden record from one likely refugium in north-eastern Baja California, Mexico. We also measured stomatal guard cell size in fossil leaves to further evaluate site-level individualistic responses of Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) ploidy races to climatic changes, including monsoonal history, over the late Quaternary. Location Sierra Juarez, Lower Colorado River Basin, north-eastern Baja California, Mexico. Methods Packrat (Neotoma) middens were collected from < 300 m elevation on the eastern piedmont of the Sierra Juarez. Plant macrofossils and pollen were analysed from 50 dated middens, including determination of Larrea tridentata ploidy races. Results Pleistocene middens dating back to > 55,000 cal. yr bp contained a mix of extralocal species characteristic of chaparral and pinyon-juniper-oak woodland, along with some modern desert elements. Many other desert taxa were absent during the Pleistocene, although most had arrived by the beginning of the Holocene 11,700 years ago. Main conclusions The assemblage of chaparral, woodland and select desert elements refutes the hypothesis that the Lower Colorado River Basin served as a late Pleistocene refugium for Sonoran Desert flora. The rapid arrival of most missing desert species by the early Holocene suggests they did not have far to migrate. They probably survived the last glacial period as smaller, disparate populations in dry microsites within chaparral and pinyon-juniper-oak woodlands. Diploid and tetraploid races of Larrea tridentata were present during the Pleistocene, but hexaploids did not appear until the mid-Holocene. This demonstrates that individualistic responses to climate involved genetic variants, in this case cytotypes, and not just species. C1 [Holmgren, Camille A.] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cristina Penalba, M.] Univ Sonora, Dept Invest Cient & Tecnol, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Delgadillo, Jose] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Zuravnsky, Kristin; Hunter, Kimberly L.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21830 USA. [Rylander, Kate A.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Weiss, Jeremy L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Holmgren, CA (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. EM holmgrca@buffalostate.edu FU National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration Grant [8713-09] FX We acknowledge financial support from National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration Grant no. 8713-09. Permits to sample in Mexico were obtained from the Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMAR-NAT), and the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia with invaluable help from Angelica Narvaez, Scientific Affairs Specialist, US Embassy, Mexico, D. F. We thank Art Douglas for providing climate data. We also thank Mark Betancourt, Christopher Keroack, Andrew Panczykowski, Lucas Phipps, Daniel Potts and Cortney Sugg for assistance in the field, and Ivan Espinoza, Michelle Herrera and A. Panczykowski for help in the laboratory. Three anonymous referees provided insightful comments which greatly improved this manuscript. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1769 EP 1780 DI 10.1111/jbi.12337 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AP4OC UT WOS:000342055900013 ER PT J AU Huo, B Madenjian, CP Xie, CX Zhao, YM O'Brien, TP Czesny, SJ AF Huo, Bin Madenjian, Charles P. Xie, Cong X. Zhao, Yingming O'Brien, Timothy P. Czesny, Sergiusz J. TI Age and growth of round gobies in Lake Michigan, with preliminary mortality estimation SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age structure; Growth variation; Mortality; Round goby; Top-down control ID GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; GREAT-LAKES; INVASION GENETICS; TRIBUTARY STREAMS; BALTIC SEA; FOOD-WEB; ERIE; PREDATION; FISHES AB The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a prevalent invasive species throughout Lake Michigan, as well as other Laurentian Great Lakes, yet little information is available on spatial variation in round goby growth within one body of water. Age and growth of round goby at three areas of Lake Michigan were studied by otolith analysis from a sample of 659 specimens collected from 2008 to 2012. Total length (TL) ranged from 48 to 131 mm for Sturgeon Bay, from 50 to 125 mm for Waukegan, and from 54 to 129 mm for Sleeping Bear Dunes. Ages ranged from 2 to 7 years for Sturgeon Bay, from 2 to 5 years for Waukegan, and from 2 to 6 years for Sleeping Bear Dunes. Area-specific and sex-specific body-otolith relationships were used to back-calculate estimates of total length at age, which were fitted to von Bertalanffy models to estimate growth rates. For both sexes, round gobies at Sleeping Bear Dunes and Waukegan grew significantly faster than those at Sturgeon Bay. However, round goby growth did not significantly differ between Sleeping Bear Dunes and Waukegan for either sex. At all three areas of Lake Michigan, males grew significantly faster than females. Based on catch curve analysis, estimates of annual mortality rates ranged from 0.79 to 0.84. These relatively high mortality rates suggested that round gobies may be under predatory control in Lake Michigan. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Huo, Bin; Xie, Cong X.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Madenjian, Charles P.; O'Brien, Timothy P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Zhao, Yingming] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Res & Dev Sect, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0+, Canada. [Czesny, Sergiusz J.] Univ Illinois, Lake Michigan Biol Stn, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Zion, IL 60099 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU Chinese Scholarship Council FX We thank Brian Maitland, Kelley Smith, Ryan Darnton, and Steve Farha for providing round gobies from Sleeping Bear Dunes; Sara Thomas and William Stacy for providing round gobies from Waukegan; Tim Desorcie and Melissa Kostich for providing round gobies from Sturgeon Bay; Margret Chriscinske and Pat Hudson for assisting with the use of the microscope-camera system; Jason Ross for preparing the map; and Brian Weidel for reviewing a draft of the manuscript and providing comments for its improvement. This study was funded, in part, by the Chinese Scholarship Council. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This article is Contribution 1865 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 IS 3 BP 712 EP 720 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.07.003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP4GF UT WOS:000342034500028 ER PT J AU Robinson, JM Wilberg, MJ Adams, JV Jones, ML AF Robinson, Jason M. Wilberg, Michael J. Adams, Jean V. Jones, Michael L. TI Comparing methods for estimating larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) density in the St. Marys River for the purposes of control SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Generalized linear models; Generalized additive models; St. Marys River; Great Lakes; Sea lamprey ID GREAT-LAKES; LAMPRICIDE TREATMENT; FISH COMMUNITY; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; CATCH; UNCERTAINTY; INFORMATION; DYNAMICS; STREAMS AB The St. Marys River is a major producer of parasitic sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to Lake Huron making it an important area for larval control. Bayluscide treatments are conducted in areas of high larval density requiring density estimation at fine spatial scales to inform treatment decisions. We evaluated six methods of estimating spatially specific density including the currently used sampling-based estimates, a generalized linear model (GLM) based on mean larval density per plot a GLM based on larval density per sample, a generalized additive model based on mean larval density per plot, a spatial age-structured population model, and a hybrid approach, which averaged the best performing sampling- and model-based methods. Methods were evaluated based on accuracy in matching independent validation data. Specifically, the methods were evaluated based on their ability to project plot-level larval density, identify high density plots for treatment, and rank plots in order based on density resulting in high numbers of sea lampreys killed per hectare treated. Performance was variable, and no single method outperformed the others for all metrics. Although the sampling-based estimation method and the GLM based on catch data performed adequately for estimating density and identifying high density plots, the hybrid approach was identified as the best method to inform sea lamprey control decisions in the St. Marys River due to its consistent performance. Incorporating model-based approaches should lead to a more efficient and effective treatment program in the St. Marys River and aid in making decisions about the allocation of control resources. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Robinson, Jason M.; Wilberg, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Robinson, JM (reprint author), New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Lake Erie Fisheries Res Unit, 178 Point Dr North, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA. EM jmrobins@gw.dec.state.ny.us RI Wilberg, Michael/D-6289-2013 OI Wilberg, Michael/0000-0001-8982-5946 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX This research was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for providing helpful comments that improved this manuscript. Brian Irwin, Mike Steeves, Mike Fodale, Andy Treble, Kevin Tallon, Roger Bergstedt, and Jessica Barber provided valuable insights and support. We also thank the staff of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, for providing field support for this effort. This is contribution number 4915 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, contribution number 1852 of the Great Lakes Science Center, and number 2014-09 of the MSU Quantitative Fisheries Center. Use of trade, product, or firm name does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 IS 3 BP 739 EP 747 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.05.012 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP4GF UT WOS:000342034500031 ER PT J AU Peller, JR Byappanahalli, MN Shively, D Sadowsky, MJ Chun, CL Whitman, RL AF Peller, Julie R. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Shively, Dawn Sadowsky, Michael J. Chun, Chan Lan Whitman, Richard L. TI Notable decomposition products of senescing Lake Michigan Cladophora glomerata SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cladophora; Decomposition; Persistent organics; Algal mats; Algal oils ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MACROALGA CLADOPHORA; ALGA CLADOPHORA; WATER-QUALITY; WASTE-WATER; CHLOROPHYTA AB Massive accumulations of Cladophora, a ubiquitous, filamentous green alga, have been increasingly reported along Great Lakes shorelines, negatively affecting beach aesthetics, recreational activities, public health and beachfront property values. Previously, the decomposition byproducts of decaying algae have not been thoroughly examined. To better understand the negative consequences and potential merit of the stranded Cladophora, a three month mesocosm study of the dynamic chemical environment of the alga was conducted using fresh samples collected from southern Lake Michigan beaches. Typical fermentation products, such as organic acids, sulfide compounds, and alcohols were detected in the oxygen-deprived algae. Short chain carboxylic acids peaked on day seven, in correspondence with the lowest pH value. Most low molecular mass carbon compounds were eventually consumed, but 4-methylphenol, indole, and 3-methylindole were detected throughout the incubation period. Natural oils were detected in fresh and decomposing algae, indicating the stable nature of these compounds. The mesocosm experiment was validated by directly sampling the fluid within decomposing Cladophora mats in the field; many of the same compounds were found. This study suggests that the problematic Cladophora accumulations may be harvested for useful byproducts, thereby reducing the odiferous and potentially harmful mats stranded along the shorelines. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Peller, Julie R.] Indiana Univ Northwest, Dept Chem, Gary, IN 46408 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Shively, Dawn; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.; Chun, Chan Lan] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55018 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Peller, JR (reprint author), Indiana Univ Northwest, Dept Chem, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408 USA. EM jpeller@iun.edu; byappan@ugsg.gov; dshively@usgs.gov; sadowsky@umn.edu; chun0157@umn.edu; rwhitman@usgs.gov RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Chun, Chanlan/0000-0002-9765-8663; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPAR5-GL2010-1] FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPAR5-GL2010-1). This article is contribution number 1845 of the USGS Great Lake Science Center. We thank Jean Adams (USGS) for help with the statistical data analyses. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 IS 3 BP 800 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.04.012 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP4GF UT WOS:000342034500038 ER PT J AU Washburn, KE Birdwell, JE AF Washburn, Kathryn E. Birdwell, Justin E. TI Application of binomial-edited CPMG to shale characterization SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Shale; Organic matter; Binomial-editing; Magnetization transfer ID MAGNETIZATION-TRANSFER; BARNETT SHALE; OIL-SHALE AB Unconventional shale resources may contain a significant amount of hydrogen in organic solids such as kerogen, but it is not possible to directly detect these solids with many NMR systems. Binomial-edited pulse sequences capitalize on magnetization transfer between solids, semi-solids, and liquids to provide an indirect method of detecting solid organic materials in shales. When the organic solids can be directly measured, binomial-editing helps distinguish between different phases. We applied a binomial-edited CPMG pulse sequence to a range of natural and experimentally-altered shale samples. The most substantial signal loss is seen in shales rich in organic solids while fluids associated with inorganic pores seem essentially unaffected. This suggests that binomial-editing is a potential method for determining fluid locations, solid organic content, and kerogen-bitumen discrimination. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Washburn, Kathryn E.] Ingrain Inc, Houston, TX 77027 USA. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Washburn, KE (reprint author), Ingrain Inc, 3733 Westheimer Rd, Houston, TX 77027 USA. EM washburn@ingrainrocks.com OI Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 EI 1096-0856 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 246 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.06.014 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA AP5LK UT WOS:000342120500012 PM 25072192 ER PT J AU Goswami, VR Sridhara, S Medhi, K Williams, AC Chellam, R Nichols, JD Oli, MK AF Goswami, Varun R. Sridhara, Sachin Medhi, Kamal Williams, A. Christy Chellam, Ravi Nichols, James D. Oli, Madan K. TI Community-managed forests and wildlife-friendly agriculture play a subsidiary but not substitutive role to protected areas for the endangered Asian elephant SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Agri-environment; Conservation policy; Human-dominated landscapes; Land use planning; Large mammals; Multistate occupancy models ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; RAIN-FOREST; SHIFTING CULTIVATION; NORTHEAST INDIA; PLANTATIONS; COEXISTENCE; EXTINCTION; OCCUPANCY; INTERVENTIONS; POPULATIONS AB Global conservation policy is increasingly debating the feasibility of reconciling wildlife conservation and human resource requirements in land uses outside protected areas (PAs). However, there are few quantitative assessments of whether or to what extent these 'wildlife-friendly' land uses fulfill a fundamental function of PAs-to separate biodiversity from anthropogenic threats. We distinguish the role of wildlife-friendly land uses as being (a) subsidiary, whereby they augment PAs with secondary habitat, or (b) substitutive, wherein they provide comparable habitat to PAs. We tested our hypotheses by investigating the influence of land use and human presence on space-use intensity of the endangered Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in a fragmented landscape comprising PAs and wildlife-friendly land uses. We applied multistate occupancy models to spatial data on elephant occurrence to estimate and model the overall probability of elephants using a site, and the conditional probability of high-intensity use given that elephants use a site. The probability of elephants using a site regardless of intensity did not vary between PAs and wildlife-friendly land uses. However, high-intensity use declined with distance to PM, and this effect was accentuated by an increase in village density. Therefore, while wildlife-friendly land uses did play a subsidiary conservation role, their potential to substitute for PAs was offset by a strong human presence. Our findings demonstrate the need to evaluate the role of wildlife-friendly land uses in landscape-scale conservation; for species that have conflicting resource requirements with people, PAs are likely to provide crucial refuge from growing anthropogenic threats. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goswami, Varun R.; Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Goswami, Varun R.; Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Goswami, Varun R.] India Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bangalore 560070, Karnataka, India. [Sridhara, Sachin] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville City, Qld 4878, Australia. [Sridhara, Sachin] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Medhi, Kamal] Samrakshan Trust, Baghmara 794102, Meghalaya, India. [Williams, A. Christy] World Wildlife Fund, World Wildlife Fund Asian Rhinoceros & Elephant A, Gland, Switzerland. [Chellam, Ravi] Asian Nat Conservat Fdn, Bangalore 603104, Karnataka, India. [Nichols, James D.] Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Goswami, VR (reprint author), India Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bangalore 560070, Karnataka, India. EM varunr.goswami@gmail.com OI Goswami, Varun/0000-0003-2575-7301 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service - Asian Elephant Conservation Fund [96200-0-G142]; WWF - AREAS Program; University of Florida Alumni Fellowship FX We thank the United States Fish and Wildlife Service - Asian Elephant Conservation Fund (Grant Number: 96200-0-G142), the WWF - AREAS Program and the University of Florida Alumni Fellowship for providing financial support; the Department of Environment and Forests, Govt. of Meghalaya for according research permits and offering on-ground assistance; and Wildlife Conservation Society, Centre for Wildlife Studies and Samrakshan Trust for managing project logistics. We are especially indebted to R.J. Fletcher, D. Vasudev and anonymous reviewers for critical feedback and insightful suggestions that greatly helped improve this manuscript. We also thank M.E. Sunquist, J.D. Austin, K.U. Karanth, N.S. Kumar and P. Clyne for their encouragement and support; J. Jones and M.W. Hayward for their feedback; and J.F. Shira, V.D. Sangma, G. Sangma and K.D. Shira for able assistance in the field. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 177 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.06.013 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6PK UT WOS:000341473800008 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Catlin, DH Shaffer, TL Gratto-Trevor, CL Aron, C AF McGowan, Conor P. Catlin, Daniel H. Shaffer, Terry L. Gratto-Trevor, Cheri L. Aron, Carol TI Establishing endangered species recovery criteria using predictive simulation modeling SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Charadrius melodus; Delisting criteria; Extinction probability; Great Plains; Metapopulation model; Piping plover; Recovery planning ID PIPING PLOVER SURVIVAL; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; GREAT-PLAINS; CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; DECISION-MAKING; NORTH-DAKOTA; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; SUCCESS; CANADA AB Listing a species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and developing a recovery plan requires U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to establish specific and measurable criteria for delisting. Generally, species are listed because they face (or are perceived to face) elevated risk of extinction due to issues such as habitat loss, invasive species, or other factors. Recovery plans identify recovery criteria that reduce extinction risk to an acceptable level. It logically follows that the recovery criteria, the defined conditions for removing a species from ESA protections, need to be closely related to extinction risk. Extinction probability is a population parameter estimated with a model that uses current demographic information to project the population into the future over a number of replicates, calculating the proportion of replicated populations that go extinct. We simulated extinction probabilities of piping plovers in the Great Plains and estimated the relationship between extinction probability and various demographic parameters. We tested the fit of regression models linking initial abundance, productivity, or population growth rate to extinction risk, and then, using the regression parameter estimates, determined the conditions required to reduce extinction probability to some pre-defined acceptable threshold. Binomial regression models with mean population growth rate and the natural log of initial abundance were the best predictors of extinction probability 50 years into the future. For example, based on our regression models, an initial abundance of approximately 2400 females with an expected mean population growth rate of 1.0 will limit extinction risk for piping plovers in the Great Plains to less than 0.048. Our method provides a straightforward way of developing specific and measurable recovery criteria linked directly to the core issue of extinction risk. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.] Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Catlin, Daniel H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Shaffer, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Gratto-Trevor, Cheri L.] Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Aron, Carol] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, North Dakota Field Off, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Environment Canada; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The authors are grateful to the Great Plains piping plover recovery team for their consultation and contributions to this paper. This work was not funded by any specific research grant but was executed as part of our normal responsibilities. We are grateful to the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Environment Canada, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for logistical and financial support of this work. We thank M. Post van der Burg and M.R. Ryan for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript and we are also grateful to the editors and three anonymous reviewers for improving earlier versions of this manuscript. The R code for the simulation model and regression analyses are freely available upon email request. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 177 BP 220 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.06.018 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6PK UT WOS:000341473800025 ER PT J AU Webb, NP Herrick, JE Duniway, MC AF Webb, Nicholas P. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Duniway, Michael C. TI Ecological site-based assessments of wind and water erosion: informing accelerated soil erosion management in rangelands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE accelerated soil erosion; aeolian; agriculture; anthropogenic dust; dryland; land use change; state-and-transition models; sustainability; threshold ID GRAZING LAND MANAGEMENT; SEMIARID LANDSCAPES; ALTERNATIVE STATES; TRANSITION MODELS; DESERT GRASSLAND; VEGETATION COVER; MOJAVE DESERT; IMPACTS; ERODIBILITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Accelerated soil erosion occurs when anthropogenic processes modify soil, vegetation, or climatic conditions causing erosion rates at a location to exceed their natural variability. Identifying where and when accelerated erosion occurs is a critical first step toward its effective management. Here we explored how erosion assessments structured in the context of ecological sites (a land classification based on soils, landscape setting, and ecological potential) and their vegetation states (plant assemblages that may change due to management) can inform systems for reducing accelerated soil erosion in rangelands. We evaluated aeolian horizontal sediment flux and fluvial sediment erosion rates for five ecological sites in southern New Mexico, USA, using monitoring data and rangeland-specific wind and water erosion models. Across the ecological sites, plots in shrub-encroached and shrub-dominated vegetation states were consistently susceptible to aeolian sediment flux and fluvial sediment erosion. Both processes were found to be highly variable for grassland and grass-succulent states across the ecological sites at the plot scale (0.25 ha). We identified vegetation thresholds that define cover levels below which rapid (exponential) increases in aeolian sediment flux and fluvial sediment erosion occur across the ecological sites and vegetation states. Aeolian sediment flux and fluvial erosion in the study area could be effectively controlled when bare ground cover was <20% of a site or the cover of canopy interspaces >100 cm in length was less than similar to 35%. Land use and management activities that alter cover levels such that they cross thresholds, and/or drive vegetation state changes, may increase the susceptibility of areas to erosion. Land use impacts that are constrained within the range of natural variability should not result in accelerated soil erosion. Evaluating land condition against the erosion thresholds identified here will enable identification of areas susceptible to accelerated soil erosion and the development of practical management solutions. C1 [Webb, Nicholas P.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC JER 3, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Webb, NP (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC JER 3, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM nwebb@nmsu.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (Agricultural Research Service); Conservation Effects Assessment Project (Natural Resources Conservation Service) FX We are grateful to the Jornada field crew for their assistance in data collection and especially to Ericha Courtright and Justin Van Zee for coordination. We thank Greg Okin and Mark Nearing for providing the soil erosion models WEMO and RHEM and advice on model application, and Darren James for assistance with the statistical analysis. This research was funded by the Bureau of Land Management with support from the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (Agricultural Research Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1420 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO9YE UT WOS:000341715800012 ER PT J AU Landguth, EL Muhlfeld, CC Waples, RS Jones, L Lowe, WH Whited, D Lucotch, J Neville, H Luikart, G AF Landguth, E. L. Muhlfeld, C. C. Waples, R. S. Jones, L. Lowe, W. H. Whited, D. Lucotch, J. Neville, H. Luikart, G. TI Combining demographic and genetic factors to assess population vulnerability in stream species SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE connectivity; dispersal; gene flow; genetic differentiation; genetic diversity; landscape genetics; population viability; risk maps; Salvelinus confluentus; stream barrier; stream networks; vulnerability assessments ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; BULL TROUT; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; RIVER SYSTEM; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT; COMPLEX LANDSCAPES; LIFE-HISTORY AB Accelerating climate change and other cumulative stressors create an urgent need to understand the influence of environmental variation and landscape features on the connectivity and vulnerability of freshwater species. Here, we introduce a novel modeling framework for aquatic systems that integrates spatially explicit, individual-based, demographic and genetic (demogenetic) assessments with environmental variables. To show its potential utility, we simulated a hypothetical network of 19 migratory riverine populations (e.g., salmonids) using a riverscape connectivity and demogenetic model (CDFISH). We assessed how stream resistance to movement (a function of water temperature, fluvial distance, and physical barriers) might influence demogenetic connectivity, and hence, population vulnerability. We present demographic metrics (abundance, immigration, and change in abundance) and genetic metrics (diversity, differentiation, and change in differentiation), and combine them into a single vulnerability index for identifying populations at risk of extirpation. We considered four realistic scenarios that illustrate the relative sensitivity of these metrics for early detection of reduced connectivity: (1) maximum resistance due to high water temperatures throughout the network, (2) minimum resistance due to low water temperatures throughout the network, (3) increased resistance at a tributary junction caused by a partial barrier, and (4) complete isolation of a tributary, leaving resident individuals only. We then applied this demogenetic framework using empirical data for a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) metapopulation in the upper Flathead River system, Canada and USA, to assess how current and predicted future stream warming may influence population vulnerability. Results suggest that warmer water temperatures and associated barriers to movement (e.g., low flows, dewatering) are predicted to fragment suitable habitat for migratory salmonids, resulting in the loss of genetic diversity and reduced numbers in certain vulnerable populations. This demogenetic simulation framework, which is illustrated in a web-based interactive mapping prototype, should be useful for evaluating population vulnerability in a wide variety of dendritic and fragmented riverscapes, helping to guide conservation and management efforts for freshwater species. C1 [Landguth, E. L.; Jones, L.; Lowe, W. H.; Lucotch, J.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Muhlfeld, C. C.; Jones, L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, C. C.; Whited, D.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Waples, R. S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Neville, H.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Landguth, EL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM erin.landguth@mso.umt.edu RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative; USGS; NSF [DEB 1067613, DEB 0742181, DGE-1313190]; [DEB 1258203]; [DEB 1050459] FX We thank K. Keenan for discussions of fixation indices, S. Wenger, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments. We are grateful to the Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center and the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative for providing funding for this work. E. L. Landguth, C. C. Muhlfeld, L. Jones, and G. Luikart were supported by a grant from the USGS. G. Luikart was partially supported by NSF grants DEB 1067613 and DEB 0742181, G. Luikart and W. Lowe were partially supported by DEB 1258203, and W. Lowe was partially supported by DEB 1050459. L. Jones was partially supported by the NSF under DGE-1313190. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 14 U2 101 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1505 EP 1524 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO9YE UT WOS:000341715800019 ER PT J AU Hope, AG Ho, SYW Malaney, JL Cook, JA Talbot, SL AF Hope, Andrew G. Ho, Simon Y. W. Malaney, Jason L. Cook, Joseph A. Talbot, Sandra L. TI ACCOUNTING FOR RATE VARIATION AMONG LINEAGES IN COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSES SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian skyline plot; climate change; comparative phylogeography; mammal; substitution rate ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SUBSTITUTION RATES; DIVERGENCE TIMES; LATE QUATERNARY; MULTIPLE LOCI; SMALL MAMMALS; MUTATION-RATE; ANCIENT DNA AB Genetic analyses of contemporary populations can be used to estimate the demographic histories of species within an ecological community. Comparison of these demographic histories can shed light on community responses to past climatic events. However, species experience different rates of molecular evolution, and this presents a major obstacle to comparative demographic analyses. We address this problem by using a Bayesian relaxed-clock method to estimate the relative evolutionary rates of 22 small mammal taxa distributed across northwestern North America. We found that estimates of the relative molecular substitution rate for each taxon were consistent across the range of sampling schemes that we compared. Using three different reference rates, we rescaled the relative rates so that they could be used to estimate absolute evolutionary timescales. Accounting for rate variation among taxa led to temporal shifts in our skyline-plot estimates of demographic history, highlighting both uniform and idiosyncratic evolutionary responses to directional climate trends for distinct ecological subsets of the small mammal community. Our approach can be used in evolutionary analyses of populations from multiple species, including comparative demographic studies. C1 [Hope, Andrew G.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ho, Simon Y. W.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Malaney, Jason L.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Museum Southwest Biol MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hope, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ahope@usgs.gov RI Ho, Simon/A-8417-2008 OI Ho, Simon/0000-0002-0361-2307 FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [RR016466]; U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive DOI on the landscape initiative; U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative; U.S. Geological Survey's Science Support initiative; National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB 0415668, 1258010]; Australian Research Council FX Statistical analyses were facilitated by the University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF) Life Science Informatics Portal, http://biotech.inbre.alaska.edu, supported by grant number RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Support was provided by U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive DOI on the landscape initiative and U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems and Science Support initiatives. Fieldwork that produced the museum specimens that were sequenced was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB 0415668 and 1258010). SYWH was supported by the Australian Research Council. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD SEP PY 2014 VL 68 IS 9 BP 2689 EP 2700 DI 10.1111/evo.12469 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AP1JC UT WOS:000341824100018 PM 24916007 ER PT J AU Retallack, GJ Marconato, A Osterhout, JT Watts, KE Bindeman, IN AF Retallack, Gregory J. Marconato, Andre Osterhout, Jefery T. Watts, Kathryn E. Bindeman, Ilya N. TI Revised Wonoka isotopic anomaly in South Australia and Late Ediacaran mass extinction SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ADELAIDE GEOSYNCLINE; TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; SUBMARINE-CANYON; FLINDERS RANGES; METHANE RELEASE; ACRAMAN IMPACT; DEATH-VALLEY; CARBON; ORIGIN; PALEOSOLS AB The global Late Ediacaran Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope anomaly has been regarded as the largest and longest known isotopic anomaly in the ocean, assuming that all Ediacaran carbonate is marine. Disregarding carbonate in South Australia shown here to be palaeosol or palaeokarst, the synchronous marine organic-carbonate excursion is only -8% for delta C-13 organic and -6% for delta C-13 carbonate, and lasted less than a million years. This revised magnitude and duration is comparable with perturbations across the Permian-Triassic boundary, and correlative with a global Late Ediacaran acritarch mass extinction. Like Permian-Triassic isotopic excursions, the revised organic-carbonate Wonoka excursion may also have been a greenhouse palaeoclimatic warm spike, which terminated valley incision and glacioeustatic drawdown during the mid-Ediacaran Fauquier Glaciation, and preceded chill of the Late Ediacaran Billy Springs Glaciation. C1 [Retallack, Gregory J.; Osterhout, Jefery T.; Bindeman, Ilya N.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Marconato, Andre] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geosci, BR-05508080 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Watts, Kathryn E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Retallack, GJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM gregr@uoregon.edu FU PRF fund of the American Chemical Society FX K. Lloyd, P. Coulthard, A. Coulthard, K. Anderson and D. Crawford facilitated official permission to undertake research in Flinders Ranges National Park. Fieldwork was funded by the PRF fund of the American Chemical Society, and assisted by C. Metzger and J. Gehling. Discussions with B. Runnegar, J. Gehling, P. Wright, M. Kennedy, S. Xiao, G. Narbonne, D. Erwin and N. Sheldon have been very helpful. B. Logan and M. Willison aided examination and sampling of drillcore at PIRSA, Glenside. J. Palandri helped with carbonate stable isotopic analyses. NR 110 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0016-7649 EI 2041-479X J9 J GEOL SOC LONDON JI J. Geol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 171 IS 5 BP 709 EP 722 DI 10.1144/jgs2014-016 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AP1IL UT WOS:000341822100010 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM DeNinno, LH Polyak, L Caverly, EK Poore, RZ Brenner, A Rodriguez-Lazaro, J Marzen, RE AF Cronin, T. M. DeNinno, L. H. Polyak, L. Caverly, E. K. Poore, R. Z. Brenner, A. Rodriguez-Lazaro, J. Marzen, R. E. TI Quaternary ostracode and foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography in the western Arctic Ocean SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quaternary; Paleoceanography; MIS 11; MIS 5; Mid-Pleistocene Transition; Sea ice ID SEA-ICE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; MENDELEEV RIDGE; NORTHWIND RIDGE; AGGLUTINATED FORAMINIFERA; SEDIMENTATION PATTERNS; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS; LOMONOSOV RIDGE; EURASIAN BASIN; LATE PLIOCENE AB The stratigraphic distributions of ostracodes and selected calcareous benthic and planktic foraminiferal species were studied in sediment cores from similar to 700 to 2700 m water depth on the Northwind, Mendeleev, and Lomonosov Ridges in the western Arctic Ocean. Microfaunal records in most cores cover mid- to late Quaternary sediments deposited in the last similar to 600 ka, with one record covering the last similar to 1.5 Ma. Results show a progressive faunal turnover during the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT, similar to 12 to 0.7 Ma) and around the mid-Brunhes event (MBE, similar to 0.4 Ma) reflecting major changes in Arctic Ocean temperature, circulation and sea-ice cover. The observed MPT shift is characterized by the extinction of species that today inhabit the sea-ice free subpolar North Atlantic and/or seasonally sea-ice free Nordic Seas (Echinocythereis sp., Rockallia cf. enigmatica, Krithe cf. aquilonia, Ptetygocythereis vannieuwenhuisei). After a very warm interglacial during marine isotope stage (MIS) 11 dominated by the temperate planktic foraminifer Turborotalita egelida, the MBE experienced a shift to polar assemblages characteristic of predominantly perennial Arctic sea-ice cover during the interglacial and interstadial periods of the last 300 ka. These include the planktic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, the sea-ice dwelling ostracode Acetabulastoma arcticum and associated benthic taxa Pseudocythere caudata, Pedicythere neofluitans, and Polycope spp. Several species can be used as biostratigraphic markers of specific intervals such as ostracodes Rabilimis mirabilis MIS 5 and P. vannieuwenhuisei extinction after MIS 11, and foraminiferal abundance zones Bulimina aculeata - late MIS 5 and Bolivina arctica MIS 5-11. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cronin, T. M.; DeNinno, L. H.; Caverly, E. K.; Brenner, A.] US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Polyak, L.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Poore, R. Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Rodriguez-Lazaro, J.] Univ Basque Country, UPV EHU, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. [Marzen, R. E.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov RI Rodriguez-Lazaro, Julio/F-8583-2016 OI Rodriguez-Lazaro, Julio/0000-0002-7437-6110 FU US Geological Survey Climate RD Program; National Science Foundation [ARC-1304755] FX We would like to thank M. Torresan, C. Frazee, L. Phillips, and A. Grantz of USGS Menlo Park for access to the Northwind Ridge cores and their stratigraphy, M. Jakobsson for access to the LOMROG07-04 core, and S.E. Ishman, L. Osterman and M.M. Robinson for input on foraminifera. L. Gemery and K. Lehnigk assisted with sample processing and graphics and C. Alvarez-Zarikian, W.H. Briggs Jr., E. Brouwers, E. Schornikov, A. Stepanova, and M. Yasuhara provided input on ostracode ecology. This study was funded by the US Geological Survey Climate R&D Program and the National Science Foundation award ARC-1304755. NR 81 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 EI 1872-6186 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 111 BP 118 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.05.001 PG 16 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA AO6QA UT WOS:000341475400009 ER PT J AU Skarke, A Ruppel, C Kodis, M Brothers, D Lobecker, E AF Skarke, A. Ruppel, C. Kodis, M. Brothers, D. Lobecker, E. TI Widespread methane leakage from the sea floor on the northern US Atlantic margin SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NEW-ENGLAND; SLOPE; STREAM; FLUX AB Methane emissions from the sea floor affect methane inputs into the atmosphere(1), ocean acidification and de-oxygenation(2,3), the distribution of chemosynthetic communities and energy resources. Global methane flux from seabed cold seeps has only been estimated for continental shelves(4), at 8 to 65 Tg CH4 yr(-1), yet other parts of marine continental margins are also emitting methane. The US Atlantic margin has not been considered an area of widespread seepage, with only three methane seeps recognized seaward of the shelf break. However, massive upper-slope seepage related to gas hydrate degradation has been predicted for the southern part of this margin(5), even though this process has previously only been recognized in the Arctic(2,6,7). Here we use multibeam water-column backscatter data that cover 94,000 km(2) of sea floor to identify about 570 gas plumes at water depths between 50 and 1,700 m between Cape Hatteras and Georges Bank on the northern US Atlantic passive margin. About 440 seeps originate at water depths that bracket the updip limit for methane hydrate stability. Contemporary upper-slope seepage there may be triggered by ongoing warming of intermediate waters, but authigenic carbonates observed imply that emissions have continued for more than 1,000 years at some seeps. Extrapolating the upper-slope seep density on this margin to the global passive margin system, we suggest that tens of thousands of seeps could be discoverable. C1 [Skarke, A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Ruppel, C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kodis, M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brothers, D.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lobecker, E.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RP Skarke, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM as3045@msstate.edu OI Skarke, Adam/0000-0002-3843-5152; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; US Department of Energy-USGS [DE-FE0006781]; NOAA Hollings Scholarship FX The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Ocean Exploration and Research funded the 2012/2013 Atlantic canyons mapping project and managed the acquisition of the data used in this study with the vessel Okeanos Explorer and ROV Deep Discoverer. C. Van Dover analysed the length scales for Fig. 2. W. Waite, A. Demopoulos, L. Brothers and J. Chaytor provided advice and comments. C.R. had support from US Department of Energy-USGS interagency agreement DE-FE0006781. M.K. was financially supported by a NOAA Hollings Scholarship in summer 2013. Fledermaus Mid-Water software for A.S. and M.K. was provided by QPS. Mention of trade names does not imply US Government endorsement of commercial products. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 10 U2 77 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 9 BP 657 EP 661 DI 10.1038/NGEO2232 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO8WI UT WOS:000341635600014 ER PT J AU Kell, AM Wargo, AR Kurath, G AF Kell, Alison M. Wargo, Andrew R. Kurath, Gael TI Viral fitness does not correlate with three genotype displacement events involving infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; Virus evolution; Genotype displacement; Fitness; In vivo competition; RNA virus ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; IN-VIVO; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; DENGUE VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; LINEAGE REPLACEMENT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; NORTH-AMERICA; VIRULENCE AB Viral genotype displacement events are characterized by the replacement of a previously dominant virus genotype by a novel genotype of the same virus species in a given geographic region. We examine here the fitness of three pairs of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) genotypes involved in three major genotype displacement events in Washington state over the last 30 years to determine whether increased virus fitness correlates with displacement. Fitness was assessed using in vivo assays to measure viral replication in single infection, simultaneous co-infection, and sequential superinfection in the natural host, steelhead trout. In addition, virion stability of each genotype was measured in freshwater and seawater environments at various temperatures. By these methods, we found no correlation between increased viral fitness and displacement in the field. These results suggest that other pressures likely exist in the field with important consequences for IHNV evolution. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kell, Alison M.; Wargo, Andrew R.; Kurath, Gael] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kell, Alison M.; Wargo, Andrew R.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Kell, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kella@uw.edu FU USDA [2012-67015-19960]; NIH [T32AI083203]; United States Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center FX We thank Bill Edwards at the Quinalt National fish hatchery in Washington State for the generous donation of fish. We also thank Dr. Rachel Breyta, Maureen Purcell, and Shannon LaDeau for helpful discussion and feedback. We thank Jake Scott for technical assistance in transcript development. This work was supported by USDA Grant 2012-67015-19960 as part of the joint USDA-NSF-NIH Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease Program, NIH training Grant T32AI083203, and the United States Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Mention of trade names does not imply U.S. Government endorsement. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP PY 2014 VL 464 BP 146 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.003 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA AO7RJ UT WOS:000341550000015 PM 25068402 ER PT J AU Mast, MA Mills, TJ Paschke, SS Keith, G Linard, JI AF Mast, M. Alisa Mills, Taylor J. Paschke, Suzanne S. Keith, Gabrielle Linard, Joshua I. TI Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KESTERSON RESERVOIR; NITRATE; WATER; CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER; SPECIATION; MOBILITY; SEDIMENTS; DRAINAGE; METALS AB This study investigates processes controlling mobilization of selenium in the lower part of the Uncompahgre River Basin in western Colorado. Selenium occurs naturally in the underlying Mancos Shale and is leached to groundwater and surface water by limited natural runoff, agricultural and domestic irrigation, and leakage from irrigation canals. Soil and sediment samples from the study area were tested using sequential extractions to identify the forms of selenium present in solid phases. Selenium speciation was characterized for nonirrigated and irrigated soils from an agricultural site and sediments from a wetland formed by a leaking canal. In nonirrigated areas, selenium was present in highly soluble sodium salts and gypsum. In irrigated soils, soluble forms of selenium were depleted and most selenium was associated with organic matter that was stable under near-surface weathering conditions. Laboratory leaching experiments and geochemical modeling confirm that selenium primarily is released to groundwater and surface water by dissolution of highly soluble selenium-bearing salts and gypsum present in soils and bedrock. Rates of selenium dissolution determined from column leachate experiments indicate that selenium is released most rapidly when water is applied to previously nonirrigated soils and sediment. High concentrations of extractable nitrate also were found in nonirrigated soils and bedrock that appear to be partially derived from weathered organic matter from the shale rather than from agricultural sources. Once selenium is mobilized, dissolved nitrate derived from natural sources appears to inhibit the reduction of dissolved selenium leading to elevated concentrations of selenium in groundwater. A conceptual model of selenium weathering is presented and used to explain seasonal variations in the surface-water chemistry of Loutzenhizer Arroyo, a major tributary contributor of selenium to the lower Uncompahgre River. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mast, M. Alisa; Mills, Taylor J.; Paschke, Suzanne S.; Keith, Gabrielle] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Linard, Joshua I.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mamast@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program FX This work was supported by funding from the Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program. The authors thank Tracy Yager (U.S. Geological Survey) for assistance in the laboratory and Ken Leib (U.S. Geological Survey) and two anonymous reviewers for comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 48 BP 16 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO5CH UT WOS:000341358800002 ER PT J AU Wright, MT Stollenwerk, KG Belitz, K AF Wright, Michael T. Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. Belitz, Kenneth TI Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACCUMULATION; USA; FRACTIONATION; CALIFORNIA; ADSORPTION; VANADATE; CHROMIUM; SYSTEMS; ROCKS; BASIN AB The solubility controls on vanadium (V) in groundwater were studied due to concerns over possible harmful health effects of ingesting V in drinking water. Vanadium concentrations in the northeastern San Joaquin Valley ranged from <3 mu g/L to 70 mu g/L with a median of 21 mu g/L. Concentrations of V were highest in samples collected from oxic groundwater (49% > 25 mu g/L) and lowest in samples collected from anoxic groundwater (70% < 0.8 mu g/L). In oxic groundwater, speciation modeling (SM) using PHREEQC predicted that V exists primarily as the oxyanion H2VO4. Adsorption/desorption reactions with mineral surfaces and associated oxide coatings were indicated as the primary solubility control of V5+ oxyanions in groundwater. Environmental data showed that V concentrations in oxic groundwater generally increased with increasing groundwater pH. However, data from adsorption isotherm experiments indicated that small variations in pH (7.4-8.2) were not likely as an important a factor as the inherent adsorption capacity of oxide assemblages coating the surface of mineral grains. In suboxic groundwater, accurate SM modeling was difficult since Eh measurements of source water were not measured in this study. Vanadium concentrations in suboxic groundwater decreased with increasing pH indicating that V may exist as an oxycationic species [e.g. V(OH)(3)(+)]. Vanadium may complex with dissolved inorganic and organic ligands under suboxic conditions, which could alter the adsorption behavior of V in groundwater. Speciation modeling did not predict the existence of V-inorganic ligand complexes and organic ligands were not collected as part of this study. More work is needed to determine processes governing V solubility under suboxic groundwater conditions. Under anoxic groundwater conditions, SM predicts that aqueous V exists as the uncharged V(OH)(3) molecule. However, exceedingly low V concentrations show that V is sparingly soluble in anoxic conditions. Results indicated that V may be precipitating as V3+ - or mixed V3+/Fe3+-oxides in anoxic groundwater, which is consistent with results of a previous study. The fact that V appears insoluble in anoxic (Fe reducing) redox conditions indicates that the behavior of V is different than arsenic (As) in aquifer systems where the reductive dissolution of Fe-oxides with As adsorbed to the surface is a well-documented mechanism for increasing As concentrations in groundwater. This hypothesis is supported by the relation of V to As concentrations in oxic versus anoxic redox conditions. Sequential extraction procedures (SEP) applied to aquifer material showed that the greatest amount of V was recovered by the nitric acid (HNO3) extract (37-71%), followed by the oxalate-ascorbic acid extract (19-60%) and the oxalate extract (3-14%). These results indicate that V was not associated with the solid phase as an easily exchangeable fraction. Although the total amount of V recovered was greatest for the HNO3 extract that targets V adsorbed to sorption sites of crystalline Al, Fe and Mn oxides, the greatest V saturation of sorption sites appeared to occur on the amorphous and poorly crystalline oxide solid phases targeted by the oxalate and oxalate-ascorbic acid extracts respectively. Adsorption isotherm experiments showed no correlation between V sorption and any of the fractions identified by the SEP. This lack of correlation indicates the application of an SEP alone is not adequate to estimate the sorption characteristics of V in an aquifer system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wright, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Stollenwerk, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Wright, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM mtwright@usgs.gov FU California State Water Resources Control Board FX The authors wish to thank our cooperator, the California State Water Resources Control Board, for funding the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Priority Basin Project from which this research is based. The authors also thank Olivier Pourret and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions that undoubtedly made this a better paper. The authors are grateful to Bryant Jurgens of the USGS for providing core material, Larry Schneider of the USGS for the preparation of the figures, Matthew K. Landon and George L. Bennett of the USGS for providing information about the study area and Russell Johnson of AUXAN Laboratories, San Diego, CA for his assistance with the sequential extractions. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 48 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO5CH UT WOS:000341358800004 ER PT J AU Yurista, PM Yule, DL Balge, M VanAlstine, JD Thompson, JA Gamble, AE Hrabik, TR Kelly, JR Stockwell, JD Vinson, MR AF Yurista, Peder M. Yule, Daniel L. Balge, Matt VanAlstine, Jon D. Thompson, Jo A. Gamble, Allison E. Hrabik, Tom R. Kelly, John R. Stockwell, Jason D. Vinson, Mark R. TI A new look at the Lake Superior biomass size spectrum SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; CISCO COREGONUS-ARTEDI; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; RAINBOW-SMELT; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL CHANGE; ACOUSTIC SURVEYS; FRESH-WATER AB We synthesized data from multiple sampling programs and years to describe the Lake Superior pelagic biomass size structure. Data consisted of Coulter counts for phytoplankton, optical plankton counts for zooplankton, and acoustic surveys for pelagic prey fish. The size spectrum was stable across two time periods separated by 5 years. The primary scaling or overall slope of the normalized biomass size spectra for the combined years was -1.113, consistent with a previous estimate for Lake Superior (-1.10). Periodic dome structures within the overall biomass size structure were fit to polynomial regressions based on the observed sub-domes within the classical taxonomic positions (algae, zooplankton, and fish). This interpretation of periodic dome delineation was aligned more closely with predator-prey size relationships that exist within the zooplankton (herbivorous, predacious) and fish (planktivorous, piscivorous) taxonomic positions. Domes were spaced approximately every 3.78 log10 units along the axis and with a decreasing peak magnitude of -4.1 log10 units. The relative position of the algal and herbivorous zooplankton domes predicted well the subsequent biomass domes for larger predatory zooplankton and planktivorous prey fish. C1 [Yurista, Peder M.; VanAlstine, Jon D.; Thompson, Jo A.; Kelly, John R.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Yule, Daniel L.; Stockwell, Jason D.; Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Balge, Matt; Gamble, Allison E.; Hrabik, Tom R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Yurista, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yurista.peder@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency; US Geological Survey; Lake Superior LaMP Technical Committee; US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office FX We thank M. E. Sierszen for his comments and discussion that helped to improve this paper and two reviewers who helped in shaping clarity and presentation. Tyler Sikora helped with data analysis of pelagic fish domes. This work was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency, US Geological Survey, and Lake Superior LaMP Technical Committee. Ship time on the R/V Lake Guardian was supported by the US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office. Development of statistical designs used in 2006 and 2011 were with the assistance of Tony Olsen (Western Ecology Division US EPA ORD) and Matt Starry with related GIS work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. This article is contribution 1851 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1324 EP 1333 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0596 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO7FP UT WOS:000341518100005 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, P Das, A AF van Mantgem, Phillip Das, Adrian TI An individual-based growth and competition model for coastal redwood forest restoration SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE forest dynamics; Sequoia sempervirens; spatial pattern; tree growth ID NEIGHBORS MATTER; OLD; CALIFORNIA; IDENTITY; ERROR AB Thinning treatments to accelerate coastal redwood forest stand development are in wide application, but managers have yet to identify prescriptions that might best promote Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. (redwood) growth. The creation of successful thinning prescriptions would be aided by identifying the underlying mechanisms governing how individual tree growth responds to competitive environments in coastal redwood forests. We created a spatially explicit individualbased model of tree competition and growth parameterized using surveys of upland redwood forests at Redwood National Park, California. We modeled competition for overstory trees (stems >= 20 cm stem diameter at breast height, 1.37 m (dbh)) as growth reductions arising from sizes, distances, and species identity of competitor trees. Our model explained up to half of the variation in individual tree growth, suggesting that neighborhood crowding is an important determinant of growth in this forest type. We used our model to simulate the effects of novel thinning prescriptions (e.g., 40% stand basal area removal) for redwood forest restoration, concluding that these treatments could lead to substantial growth releases, particularly for S. sempervirens. The results of this study, along with continued improvements to our model, will help to determine spacing and species composition that best encourage growth. C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip] USGS, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Das, Adrian] USGS, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP van Mantgem, P (reprint author), USGS, Redwood Field Stn, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Park Service, Pacific West Region FX We thank the many people involved with collecting field data, particularly Laura Lalemand, Jon Hollis, Jon Chin, and John Stuart. Jeffrey Kane, Leonel Arguello, and several anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This project was supported by the U.S. National Park Service, Pacific West Region. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 104 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1051 EP 1057 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0143 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AO7FK UT WOS:000341517400007 ER PT J AU Hoell, A Funk, C AF Hoell, Andrew Funk, Chris TI Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature influences on failed consecutive rainy seasons over eastern Africa SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Eastern Africa; Drought; West Pacific; warming; ENSO; Indian Ocean Dipole; Pacific Decadal Variability ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; FOOD SECURITY; EL-NINO; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; ENSO; SST AB Rainfall over eastern Africa (10A degrees S-10A degrees N; 35A degrees E-50A degrees E) is bimodal, with seasonal maxima during the "long rains" of March-April-May (MAM) and the "short rains" of October-November-December (OND). Below average precipitation during consecutive long and short rains seasons over eastern Africa can have devastating long-term impacts on water availability and agriculture. Here, we examine the forcing of drought during consecutive long and short rains seasons over eastern Africa by Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The forcing of eastern Africa precipitation and circulation by SSTs is tested using ten ensemble simulations of a global weather forecast model forced by 1950-2010 observed global SSTs. Since the 1980s, Indo-Pacific SSTs have forced more frequent droughts spanning consecutive long and short rains seasons over eastern Africa. The increased frequency of dry conditions is linked to warming SSTs over the Indo-west Pacific and to a lesser degree to Pacific Decadal Variability. During MAM, long-term warming of tropical west Pacific SSTs from 1950-2010 has forced statistically significant precipitation reductions over eastern Africa. The warming west Pacific SSTs have forced changes in the regional lower tropospheric circulation by weakening the Somali Jet, which has reduced moisture and rainfall over the Horn of Africa. During OND, reductions in precipitation over recent decades are oftentimes overshadowed by strong year-to-year precipitation variability forced by the Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Nio-Southern Oscillation. C1 [Hoell, Andrew; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Hoell, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hoell@geog.ucsb.edu; chris@geog.ucsb.edu FU U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions helped to improve the manuscript. This research builds upon a multi-year research project carried out under a U.S. Agency for International Development-funded Famine Early Warnings System Network agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 43 IS 5-6 BP 1645 EP 1660 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1991-6 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO5FR UT WOS:000341369700031 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, LR Stafford, JL Patino, R Bengten, E Miller, NW Blazer, VS AF Iwanowicz, Luke R. Stafford, James L. Patino, Reynaldo Bengten, Eva Miller, Norman W. Blazer, Vicki S. TI Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) leukocytes express estrogen receptor isoforms ER alpha and ER beta 2 and are functionally modulated by estrogens SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estrogen; Estrogen receptor; Ictalurus; Leukocytes; Immunomodulation ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LEUKOCYTES; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; IN-VITRO; GILTHEAD SEABREAM; STEROID-HORMONES; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; RAINBOW-TROUT; COMMON CARP; TNF-ALPHA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AB Estrogens are recognized as modulators of immune responses in mammals and teleosts. While it is known that the effects of estrogens are mediated via leukocyte-specific estrogen receptors (ERs) in humans and mice, leucocyte-specific estrogen receptor expression and the effects of estrogens on this cell population is less explored and poorly understood in teleosts. Here in, we verify that channel catfish (Ictalurus punctaus) leukocytes express ER alpha and ER beta 2. Transcripts of these isoforms were detected in tissue-associated leukocyte populations by PCR, but ER beta 2 was rarely detected in PBLs. Expression of these receptors was temporally regulated in PBLs following polyclonal activation by concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide or alloantigen based on evaluation by quantitative and end-point PCR. Examination of long-term leukocyte cell lines demonstrated that these receptors are differentially expressed depending on leukocyte lineage and phenotype. Expression of ERs was also temporally dynamic in some leukocyte lineages and may reflect stage of cell maturity. Estrogens affect the responsiveness of channel catfish peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) to mitogens in vitro. Similarly, bactericidal activity and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced respiratory burst was modulated by 17 beta-estradiol. These actions were blocked by the pure ER antagonist ICI 182780 indicating that response is, in part, mediated via ER alpha. In summary, estrogen receptors are expressed in channel catfish leukocytes and participate in the regulation of the immune response. This is the first time leukocyte lineage expression has been reported in teleost cell lines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Stafford, James L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci Z508, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bengten, Eva; Miller, Norman W.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Iwanowicz, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM liwanowicz@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU US Geological Survey FX The authors would like to thank Zett's Fish farm for supplying channel catfish for this research. All of the sequencing was performed at the USDA National Center for Cool and Coldwater Aquaculture and we wish to thank the staff there for sharing their time and resources. We wish to thank Greg Wiens, Christine Densmore and Stephen McCormick for critical review of this manuscript. We also thank Steve Kaattari for lending us gas chambers for some of the tissue culture experiments. This research was partially funded by the Contaminant Biology, Priority Ecosystems and Fisheries Programs of the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.021 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA AO6NJ UT WOS:000341468500013 PM 24973517 ER PT J AU Roche, EA Dovichin, CM Arnold, TW AF Roche, Erin A. Dovichin, Colin M. Arnold, Todd W. TI Field-readable alphanumeric flags are valuable markers for shorebirds: use of double-marking to identify cases of misidentification SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Charadrius melodus; color bands; double-marking; false positives; mark-recapture; misidentification; Piping Plover ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; TAG LOSS; PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION; RESIGHTING ERRORS; POPULATION-SIZE; RECOVERY DATA; CANADA GEESE; LEG BANDS; SURVIVAL; RATES AB Implicit assumptions for most mark-recapture studies are that individuals do not lose their markers and all observed markers are correctly recorded. If these assumptions are violated, e. g., due to loss or extreme wear of markers, estimates of population size and vital rates will be biased. Double-marking experiments have been widely used to estimate rates of marker loss and adjust for associated bias, and we extended this approach to estimate rates of recording errors. We double-marked 309 Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) with unique combinations of color bands and alphanumeric flags and used multi-state mark recapture models to estimate the frequency with which plovers were misidentified. Observers were twice as likely to read and report an invalid color-band combination (2.4% of the time) as an invalid alphanumeric code (1.0%). Observers failed to read matching band combinations or alphanumeric flag codes 4.5% of the time. Unlike previous band resighting studies, use of two resightable markers allowed us to identify when resighting errors resulted in reports of combinations or codes that were valid, but still incorrect; our results suggest this may be a largely unappreciated problem in mark-resight studies. Field-readable alphanumeric flags offer a promising auxiliary marker for identifying and potentially adjusting for false-positive resighting errors that may otherwise bias demographic estimates. C1 [Roche, Erin A.; Dovichin, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Arnold, Todd W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Roche, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM eroche@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program through Corps' Omaha District Threatened and Endangered Species Section and Garrison Project Office FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program through financial and logistical support from the Corps' Omaha District Threatened and Endangered Species Section and Garrison Project Office. We are grateful for technical support by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Missouri River Least Tern and Piping Plover Research Team. We thank B. Hill, M. Ring, D. Toy, C. Huber, C. Kruse, and C. Aron for help with project planning, logistics, or data collection and analysis. We also thank many field technicians and crew leaders for their assistance with data collection. Lastly, we are indebted to an anonymous reviewer as well as D. Johnson, T. Shaffer, and M. Sherfy for comments that improved the manuscript. Our field protocols were approved by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 85 IS 3 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1111/jofo.12072 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO7AD UT WOS:000341503300009 ER PT J AU Lendrum, PE Elbroch, LM Quigley, H Thompson, DJ Jimenez, M Craighead, D AF Lendrum, P. E. Elbroch, L. M. Quigley, H. Thompson, D. J. Jimenez, M. Craighead, D. TI Home range characteristics of a subordinate predator: selection for refugia or hunt opportunity? SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; competition; habitat selection; home range; prey availability; Puma concolor ID NATIONAL-PARK; PUMA-CONCOLOR; HABITAT; SIZE; COUGARS; WOLVES; CARNIVORES; VEGETATION; SYSTEM; PREY AB Cougars Puma concolor are described as habitat generalists', but little is known about which ecological factors drive their home range selection. For example, how do resource distributions and inter-species competition with dominant competitors (i.e. wolves, Canis lupus) over such resources, influence the distributions of cougars on the landscape? We tracked cougars using Very High Frequency (VHF; 2001 to 2005) and GlobalPositioningSystem (GPS; 2006 to 2011) technology in the Southern Yellowstone Ecosystem (SYE) in northwestern Wyoming, USA. We tested whether data type (VHF vs. GPS), cougar sex, access to forests (refugia) or hunt opportunity explained the size of 50% and 95% kernel density estimator (KDE) home ranges. Second, we quantified attributes of cougar home ranges and tested whether they were different from attributes of the overall study area, to address the ecological question: Do cougars select home ranges based on the availability of refugia, hunt opportunity or some combination of the two? Cougar sex and data type proved significant predictors of home range size for both 95% and 50% KDEs, and the amount of forest partly explained the size of 50% KDEs. Cougar home ranges derived from VHF data were 1.4-1.9 times larger than home ranges derived from GPS data; however, home range attributes determined from VHF and GPS data were remarkably equivalent. Female cougars selected home ranges with higher hunt opportunity than males, supporting the assumption that females primarily select home ranges with suitable prey to sustain themselves and their young. All cougars selected home ranges further from known wolf packs, providing evidence for newly established competition between resident cougars and recolonizing wolves, but did not select home ranges with greater access to landscape refugia. Our results provided evidence that cougars in the SYE select home ranges that provide high hunting opportunity and a spatial buffer that mitigates potential conflicts with a dominant competitor. C1 [Lendrum, P. E.; Elbroch, L. M.; Quigley, H.] Panthera, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Thompson, D. J.] Wyoming Game & Fish, Lander, WY USA. [Jimenez, M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY USA. [Craighead, D.] Craighead Beringia South, Kelly, WY USA. RP Lendrum, PE (reprint author), Panthera, 8 West 40th St,18th Floor, New York, NY 10018 USA. EM plendrum@panthera.org FU Summerlee Foundation; Richard King Mellon Foundation; Charles Engelhard Foundation; Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation; Tim and Karen Hixon Foundation; National Geographic Society; Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Inc.; Earth Friends Conservation Fund; Cougar Fund; Bay Foundation; Michael Cline Foundation; Eugene V. & Clare E. Thaw Charitable Trust; Connemara Fund; Hogan Films; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Community Foundation of Jackson Hole; Oregon Zoo Foundation FX We thank our collaborators, including K. Murphy (Bridger-Teton NF), S. Cain (Grand Teton NP), T. Fuchs (WY Game and Fish), and E. Cole (National Elk Refuge), and our supportive funders, the Summerlee Foundation, The Richard King Mellon Foundation, The Charles Engelhard Foundation, The Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation, Tim and Karen Hixon Foundation, National Geographic Society, The Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Inc., Earth Friends Conservation Fund, the Cougar Fund, The Bay Foundation, Michael Cline Foundation, Eugene V. & Clare E. Thaw Charitable Trust, Connemara Fund, Hogan Films, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Community Foundation of Jackson Hole, The Oregon Zoo Foundation, Mr. and Mrs. G. Ordway, Mr. and Mrs. M. Manship, Mr. and Mrs. N. Jannotta, Mr. L. Westbrook, Mr. and Mrs. S. Robertson, Mr. R. Comegys, and several anonymous foundation and individual donors. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 294 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1111/jzo.12153 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AO7CC UT WOS:000341508600007 ER PT J AU Moore, LJ Patsch, K List, JH Williams, SJ AF Moore, Laura J. Patsch, Kiki List, Jeffrey H. Williams, S. Jeffress TI The potential for sea-level-rise-induced barrier island loss: Insights from the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barrier islands; deltaic barrier islands; morphological-behavior modeling; impacts of relative sea level rise; Chandeleur Islands; Gulf coast ID MORPHOLOGICAL-BEHAVIOR MODEL; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHORELINE; SCALE; STRATIGRAPHY; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB As sea level rises and hurricanes become more intense, barrier islands around the world become increasingly vulnerable to conversion from self-sustaining migrating landforms to submerging or subaqueous sand bodies. To explore the mechanism by which such state changes occur and to assess the factors leading to island disintegration, we develop a suite of numerical simulations for the Chandeleur Islands in Louisiana, U.S.A., which appear to be on the verge of this transition. Our results suggest that the Chandeleurs are likely poised to change state, leading to their demise, within decades depending on future storm history. Contributing factors include high rates of relative sea level rise, limited sediment supply, muddy substrate, current island position relative to former Mississippi River distributary channels, and the effects of changes in island morphology on sediment transport pathways. Although deltaic barrier islands are most sensitive to disintegration because of their muddy substrate, the importance of relative sea level rise rate in determining the timing of threshold crossing suggests that the conceptual models for deltaic barrier island formation and disintegration may apply more broadly in the future. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Laura J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Patsch, Kiki] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [List, Jeffrey H.; Williams, S. Jeffress] USGS Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Moore, LJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, 104 South Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM laura.moore@unc.edu; kikipatsch@gmail.com; jlist@usgs.gov; jwilliams@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service via a USGS Cooperative Agreement [08ERAG0014]; Oberlin College; University of Virginia FX We thank Mike Miner, Ioannis Georgiou, Jim Flocks, Mark Kulp, Dave Twichell, Shea Penland, and Abby Sallenger for assistance with the development of initial conditions and model input parameters. We especially thank Abby Sallenger for support of this work and insightful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. A. Brad Murray, Cheryl Hapke, Dave Twichell and Torbjorn Tornqvist also provided helpful comments on earlier versions. We thank Editor John Wells and anonymous reviewers for feedback that improved this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service via a USGS Cooperative Agreement (Award #08ERAG0014) with Oberlin College and the University of Virginia. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 355 BP 244 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.022 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AO4VN UT WOS:000341339600018 ER PT J AU Miselis, JL Buster, NA Kindinger, JL AF Miselis, Jennifer L. Buster, Noreen A. Kindinger, Jack L. TI Refining the link between the Holocene development of the Mississippi River Delta and the geologic evolution of Cat Island, MS: implications for delta-associated barrier islands SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cat Island; Northern Gulf of Mexico; Mississippi delta; shallow-water geophysics; geologic evolution; barrier island ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; INNER-CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CANADIAN BEAUFORT SEA; WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; NORTHERN GULF; FACIES ARCHITECTURE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; HISTORICAL CHANGES; LEVEL RISE; CHAIN AB The geologic evolution of barrier islands is profoundly influenced by the nature of the deposits underlying them. Many researchers have speculated on the origin and evolution of Cat Island in Mississippi, but uncertainty remains about whether or not the island is underlain completely or in part by deposits associated with the past growth of the Mississippi River delta. In part, this is due to a lack of comprehensive geological information offshore of the island that could augment previous stratigraphic interpretations based on terrestrial borings. An extensive survey of Cat Island and its surrounding waters was conducted, including shallow-water geophysics (e.g., high-resolution chirp seismic, side-scan sonar, and swath and single-beam bathymetry) and both terrestrial and marine vibracoring. High-resolution seismic data and vibracores from south and east of the island show two horizontally laminated silt units; marine radiocarbon dates indicate that they are St. Bernard delta complex (SBDC) deposits. Furthermore, seismic data reveal that the SBDC deposits taper off toward the southern shoreline of Cat Island and to the west, morphology consistent with the distal edge of a delta complex. The sedimentology and extent of each unit suggest that the lower unit may have been deposited during an earlier period of continuous river flow while the upper unit may represent reduced or sporadic river flow. OSL dates from the island platform (beneath beach ridge complexes) indicate three stages of terrestrial evolution: island emergence resulting from relative sea-level rise (similar to 5400 ybp) island aggradation via littoral transport (similar to 2500-4000 ybp) and island degradation due to delta-mediated changes in wave direction (present- similar to 3600 ybp). Finally, the combination of terrestrial and marine data shows that portions of Cat Island that are lower in elevation than the central part of the island are younger and are likely underlain by a thin layer of deltaic sediments. This underscores the potential for increased future vulnerability of barrier islands that develop adjacent to major river delta complexes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miselis, Jennifer L.; Buster, Noreen A.; Kindinger, Jack L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Miselis, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jmiselis@usgs.gov FU NSF [OCE-0753487]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We would like to acknowledge our collaborators at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for funding for data acquisition that allowed us to continue the USGS assessment of the Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands. We thank Dawn Lavoie for helping develop the project. We would also like to acknowledge the data acquisition and processing support of Julie Bernier, Nancy DeWitt, Chandra Dreher, James Flocks, Arnell Forde, Kyle Kelso, Will Pfeiffer, BJ Reynolds, Carl Taylor, Lance Thornton, Dana Wiese and Rich Young (all currently or previously at the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center); Dave Bennett (Eckerd College); Mike Brown, Kathryn Rose, and Dallon Weathers (all currently or previously with the University of New Orleans); Michael Potts (National Park Service); and Meghan Alesce (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers intern). The first author would like to acknowledge E. Robert Thieler (USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center) for informative discussions on bivalve identification and Shannon Mahan (Laboratory Director, USGS Luminescence Geochronology Laboratory) for many discussions regarding OSL dating. Furthermore, the first author would like to acknowledge thoughtful reviews of the manuscript by Wayne Baldwin (USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center) and two anonymous reviewers; their comments focused and strengthened the manuscript. For AMS results from NOSAMS, the authors would like to acknowledge support from NSF (CA# OCE-0753487). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 355 BP 274 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.021 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AO4VN UT WOS:000341339600020 ER PT J AU Schwab, WC Baldwin, WE Denny, JF Hapke, CJ Gayes, PT List, JH Warner, JC AF Schwab, William C. Baldwin, Wayne E. Denny, Jane F. Hapke, Cheryl J. Gayes, Paul T. List, Jeffrey H. Warner, John C. TI Modification of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the inner-continental shelf by Holocene marine transgression: An example offshore of Fire Island, New York SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seafloor mapping; inner-continental shelf; shoreface; sand ridges; sorted bedforms; sediment transport; ravinement surface; Quaternary stratigraphy ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; SHOREFACE-CONNECTED RIDGES; RIPPLED SCOUR DEPRESSIONS; SAND RIDGES; LONG-ISLAND; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; SEDIMENT BUDGET; NORTH-CAROLINA; WRIGHTSVILLE BEACH; CURRENT LINEATIONS AB The inner-continental shelf off Fire Island, New York was mapped in 2011 using interferometric sonar and high-resolution chirp seismic-reflection systems. The area mapped is approximately 50 km long by 8 km wide, extending from Moriches Inlet to Fire Island Inlet in water depths ranging from 8 to 32 m. The morphology of this inner-continental shelf region and modern sediment distribution patterns are determined by erosion of Pleistocene glaciofluvial sediments during the ongoing Holocene marine transgression; much of the shelf is thus an actively forming ravinement surface. Remnants of a Pleistocene outwash lobe define a submerged headland offshore of central Fire Island. East of the submerged headland, relatively older Pleistocene outwash is exposed over much of the inner-continental shelf and covered by asymmetric, sorted bedforms interpreted to indicate erosion and westward transport of reworked sediment. Erosion of the eastern flank of the submerged Pleistocene headland over the last similar to 8000 years yielded an abundance of modern sand that was transported westward and reworked into a field of shoreface-attached ridges offshore of western Fire Island. West of the submerged headland, erosion of Pleistocene outwash continues in troughs between the sand ridges, resulting in modification of the lower shoreface. Comparison of the modem sand ridge morphology with the morphology of the underlying ravinement surface suggests that the sand ridges have moved a minimum of similar to 1000 m westward since formation. Comparison of modem sediment thickness mapped in 1996-1997 and 2011 allows speculation that the nearshore/shoreface sedimentary deposit has gained sediment at the expense of deflation of the sand ridges. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schwab, William C.; Baldwin, Wayne E.; Denny, Jane F.; List, Jeffrey H.; Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hapke, Cheryl J.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Gayes, Paul T.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29526 USA. RP Schwab, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bschwab@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We thank the captain and crew of the M.V. Scarlett Isabella for their skill and cooperation at sea. Emile Bergerone, Eric Moore, Charles Worley, and Barry Irwin, all with the USGS, and Brian Johnson from Coastal Carolina University provided technical support at sea. The authors appreciate helpful reviews of the manuscript by Deborah Hutchinson, Robert Thieler, Erika Lentz, and two anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Any use of trade names or company names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or Coastal Carolina University. NR 90 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 355 BP 346 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.06.011 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AO4VN UT WOS:000341339600026 ER PT J AU Sankey, T Dickson, BG Sesnie, S Wang, O Olsson, A Zachmann, L AF Sankey, Temuulen Dickson, Brett G. Sesnie, Steve Wang, Ophelia Olsson, Aaron Zachmann, Luke TI WorldView-2 High Spatial Resolution Improves Desert Invasive Plant Detection SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LEAFY SPURGE; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; THEMATIC MAPPER; LANDSAT-TM; VEGETATION; COVER; SATELLITE; ABUNDANCE AB Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii) is an invasive species common to the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts in the southwestern US. Our objective was to assess World View-2 (wv2) satellite imagery potential to detect Sahara mustard presence, cover, and biomass. We compared wv2 images (2.4 m and 30 m resolution) to Landsat ETM+ image both classified using a mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF). A total of 1,885 field plots (30 x 30 m) were established across a 8,715 km(2) study area in spring of 2012, an exceptionally dry year. Average target canopy cover (7.5 percent) and biomass (0.82 g/m(2)) were extremely low. The WV2 MTMF classification had a much greater overall accuracy of 88 percent, while the resampled wv2 and the Landsat ETM+ MTMF classification overall accuracies were 67 percent and 59 percent, respectively. Producer's and user's accuracies in target detection were 86 percent and 94 percent, respectively, although the exceptionally low canopy cover and biomass were not well correlated with image-based estimates. C1 [Sankey, Temuulen] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Dickson, Brett G.; Wang, Ophelia; Olsson, Aaron; Zachmann, Luke] No Arizona Univ, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Landscape Conservat Initiat, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Dickson, Brett G.; Wang, Ophelia; Olsson, Aaron; Zachmann, Luke] Conservat Sci Partners Inc, Truckee, CA 96161 USA. [Sesnie, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Sankey, T (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, 1298 S Knoles Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Temuulen.San-key@nau.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC-1722]; Joint Fire Science Program [10-1-04-07] FX This research was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project ID RC-1722 and Joint Fire Science Program project ID 10-1-04-07. Thanks to the Bureau of Land Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Tohono o'dham Nation, US Army Yuma Proving Ground and the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range, who helped facilitate data collection for this study. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 80 IS 9 BP 885 EP 893 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO9ME UT WOS:000341679000011 ER PT J AU Fisher, CR Demopoulos, AWJ Cordes, EE Baums, IB White, HK Bourque, JR AF Fisher, Charles R. Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Cordes, Erik E. Baums, Iliana B. White, Helen K. Bourque, Jill R. TI Coral Communities as Indicators of Ecosystem-Level Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Spill SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecosystems; coral reefs; ecology; environmental science ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; OIL-SPILL; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; SEA; POPULATION; MEIOFAUNA; POLLUTION; GROWTH; FLOW; DIVERSITY AB The Macondo oil spill released massive quantities of oil and gas from a depth of 1500 meters. Although a buoyant plume carried released hydrocarbons to the sea surface, as much as half stayed in the water column and much of that in the deep sea. After the hydrocarbons reached the surface, weathering processes, burning, and the use of a dispersant caused hydrocarbon-rich marine snow to sink into the deep sea. As a result, this spill had a greater potential to affect deep-sea communities than had any previous spill. Here, we review the literature on impacts on deep-sea communities from the Macondo blowout and provide additional data on sediment hydrocarbon loads and the impacts on sediment infauna in areas with coral communities around the Macondo well. We review the literature on the genetic connectivity of deep-sea species in the Gulf of Mexico and discuss the potential for wider effects on deep Gulf coral communities. C1 [Fisher, Charles R.; Baums, Iliana B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cordes, Erik E.] Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [White, Helen K.] Haverford Coll, Dept Chem, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Bourque, Jill R.] Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, Catoosa, OK USA. RP Fisher, CR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cfisher@psu.edu RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010; White, Helen/B-2487-2009 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308; White, Helen/0000-0002-9428-992X FU BOEM [M08PC20038]; US Geological Survey for the Lophelia II project; National Science Foundation Grants for Rapid Response Research [OCE-1045083, OCE-1064041, OCE-1045079, OCE-1045131]; BP/GoMRI FX Funding for CRF, EEC, and IBB was provided by BOEM contract no. M08PC20038, awarded to TDI-Brooks International, and that for AWJD was provided by the US Geological Survey for the Lophelia II project, with ship and remotely operated vehicle support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Exploration and Research. Additional research and ship support was provided by National Science Foundation Grants for Rapid Response Research no. OCE-1045083 and no. OCE-1064041 to CRF, no. OCE-1045079 to EEC, and no. OCE-1045131 to HKW; by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) to the Ecosystem Impacts of Oil and Gas Inputs to the Gulf (ECOGIG) consortium for CRF, EEC, and IBB; a BP/GoMRI grant to HKW; by the Assessment and Restoration Division of NOAA; and by NOAA and BP as part of the Macondo blowout Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA). We thank the crew and captains of the R/V Atlantis, the R/V Holiday Chouest, and the pilots and crew of DSV Alvin. In addition, special thanks go to Jenine Abbassi, Elizabeth K. Coward, Miles Saunders, Lindsay N. Ryan, Jennifer McClain-Counts, Janessy Frometa, Katherine Stamler, and William Jenkins. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. The data used in this article are accessible through the GoMRI Information and Data Cooperative projects no. R1.x132.136:0008 and no. RI. x132.136:0020 (coral surveys) and no. R2.x229.000:0003 (hydrocarbon data) and the NRDA Web site (www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov/oil-spill/gulf-spill-data) at the following links: http://54.243.205:138/gulfspillrestoration/qmmatrix/ Sediment_chem_export.zip and http://54.243.205.138/gulfspillrestoration/qmmatrix/Subsurface_Sediment_ chem_ export.zip. This is ECOGIG contribution no. 196. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 144 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 2014 VL 64 IS 9 BP 796 EP 807 DI 10.1093/biosci/biu129 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AO2CV UT WOS:000341124000007 ER PT J AU Hansen, JE Janssen, TT Raubenheimer, B Shi, F Barnard, PL Jones, IS AF Hansen, Jeff E. Janssen, Tim T. Raubenheimer, Britt Shi, Fengyan Barnard, Patrick L. Jones, Isaac S. TI Observations of surfzone alongshore pressure gradients onshore of an ebb-tidal delta SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Alongshore pressure gradient; Momentum balance; Radiation stress gradients; Wave set-up; Alongshore currents; Surfzone ID LONGSHORE CURRENTS; RADIATION STRESS; FIELD-DATA; WAVES; NEARSHORE; TRANSPORT; BEACHES; CIRCULATION AB The relative importance of radiation stress gradients and alongshore pressure gradients to surfzone dynamics is investigated using observations of water levels, waves, and flows measured onshore of a large ebb-tidal delta. Incident wave heights measured along the similar to 11-m depth contour varied about 10% over a 1.2-km alongshore transect, resulting in alongshore wave setup differences on the order of 10 cm over the 600-m extent of the surfzone instrument array in 1.5-m depth. Despite the moderate alongshore variability in wave heights, the southerly alongshore pressure gradient, associated with the alongshore variability of wave-driven set-up, was typically twice as large as the northerly radiation stress gradient forcing, consistent with the observed southerly currents during the week-long experiment. The magnitude of the alongshore forcing and resulting alongshore velocity is reproduced by the two-dimensional depth-averaged numerical model of Shi et al. (JGR-Oceans, 2011). These observations, together with the numerical results, indicate that moderate alongshore wave height gradients (0(10(-4))) outside the surfzone owing to alongshore variations in the offshore bathymetry can result in alongshore pressure gradients that are larger than radiation stress gradients. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, Jeff E.; Barnard, Patrick L.] Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hansen, Jeff E.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Janssen, Tim T.] Theiss Res, El Granada, CA 94018 USA. [Raubenheimer, Britt] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shi, Fengyan] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jones, Isaac S.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Hansen, JE (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM jeff.hansen@uwa.edu.au FU US Geological Survey, US Army Corps of Engineers and Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey, US Army Corps of Engineers and Office of Naval Research (Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program). We thank Tom Herbers (NPS) for generously loaning us several instruments, Levi Gorrell (WHOI) for his time and excellent support in preparing the pressure sensors, Jamie MacMahan (NPS) for loaning us equipment to jet in the pressure sensors, and Rob Wyland for considerable technical assistance prior to and during the deployment. This manuscript has benefited significantly from discussions with and a review by Alex Apotsos as well as from reviews by three anonymous referees. We also thank Steve Elgar and Robert Guza for providing the observations collected during NCEX. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 91 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.05.010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AN8JL UT WOS:000340850300019 ER PT J AU Feng, WM Hardt, BF Banner, JL Meyer, KJ James, EW Musgrove, M Edwards, RL Cheng, H Min, A AF Feng, Weimin Hardt, Benjamin F. Banner, Jay L. Meyer, Kevin J. James, Eric W. Musgrove, MaryLynn Edwards, R. Lawrence Cheng, Hai Min, Angela TI Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the US southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE speleothem; stable isotope; growth rate; Bolling-Allerod; paleoclimate; US southwest ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; SPELEOTHEM CALCITE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; STABLE-ISOTOPE; YOUNGER DRYAS; NORTH-AMERICA; CENTRAL TEXAS; MYSTERY INTERVAL; LATE PLEISTOCENE AB The U.S. southwest has a limited water supply and is predicted to become drier in the 21st century. An improved understanding of factors controlling moisture sources and availability is aided by reconstruction of past responses to global climate change. New stable isotope and growth-rate records for a central Texas speleothem indicate a strong influence of Gulf of Mexico (GoM) moisture and increased precipitation from 15.5 to 13.5 ka, which includes the majority of the Bolling-Allered warming (BA: 14.7-12.9 ka). Coeval speleothem records from 900 and 1200 km to the west allow reconstruction of regional moisture sources and atmospheric circulation. The combined isotope and growth-rate time series indicates 1) increased GoM moisture input during the majority of the BA, producing greater precipitation in Texas and New Mexico; and 2) a retreat of GoM moisture during Younger Dryas cooling (12.9-11.5 ka), reducing precipitation. These results portray how late-Pleistocene atmospheric circulation and moisture distribution in this region responded to global changes, providing information to improve models of future climate. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Feng, Weimin; Hardt, Benjamin F.; Banner, Jay L.; Meyer, Kevin J.; James, Eric W.; Musgrove, MaryLynn] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Musgrove, MaryLynn] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. [Edwards, R. Lawrence; Cheng, Hai; Min, Angela] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Cheng, Hai] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. RP Feng, WM (reprint author), Valdosta State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. EM weimin.feng@gmail.com RI Banner, Jay/C-8676-2011; OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864 FU NSF P2C2 award [AGS-0823665]; NSF Geobiology and Low Temperature Geochemistry award [EAR-1124514]; Geology Foundation; Jackson School of Geosciences Honors Program; Environmental Science Institute of the University of Texas at Austin FX This research was supported by NSF P2C2 award #AGS-0823665 to J. Banner and L. Yang, NSF Geobiology and Low Temperature Geochemistry award #EAR-1124514 to D. Breecker and J. Banner, and by the Geology Foundation, Jackson School of Geosciences Honors Program, and Environmental Science Institute of the University of Texas at Austin. We thank ownership and management of Cave Without a Name for access and logistical support, T. Quinn for access to stable isotope facilities, many students for assistance in the field and laboratory, discussions with N. Miller and A. Winter, and M. Cohen at NOAA's Air Resource Laboratory for help with processing of the HYSPLIT data. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 401 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO3GV UT WOS:000341218600006 ER PT J AU Norman, L Villarreal, M Pulliam, HR Minckley, R Gass, L Tolle, C Coe, M AF Norman, Laura Villarreal, Miguel Pulliam, H. Ronald Minckley, Robert Gass, Leila Tolle, Cindy Coe, Michelle TI Remote sensing analysis of riparian vegetation response to desert marsh restoration in the Mexican Highlands SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Gabions; Cienega; Wetlands; Restoration; NDVI ID UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WETLANDS; USA AB Desert marshes, or cienegas, are extremely biodiverse habitats imperiled by anthropogenic demands for water and changing climates. Given their widespread loss and increased recognition, remarkably little is known about restoration techniques. In this study, we examine the effects of gabions (wire baskets filled with rocks used as dams) on vegetation in the Cienega San Bernardino, in the Arizona, Sonora portion of the US-Mexico border, using a remote-sensing analysis coupled with field data. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), used here as a proxy for plant biomass, is compared at gabion and control sites over a 27-year period during the driest months (May/June). Over this period, green-up occurred at most sites where there were gabions and at a few of the control sites where gabions had not been constructed. When we statistically controlled for differences among sites in source area, stream order, elevation, and interannual winter rainfall, as well as comparisons of before and after the initiation of gabion construction, vegetation increased around gabions yet did not change (or decreased) where there were no gabions. We found that NDVI does not vary with precipitation inputs prior to construction of gabions but demonstrates a strong response to precipitation after the gabions are built. Field data describing plant cover, species richness, and species composition document increases from 2000 to 2012 and corroborate reestablished biomass at gabions. Our findings validate that gabions can be used to restore riparian vegetation and potentially ameliorate drought conditions in a desert cienega. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Norman, Laura; Villarreal, Miguel; Gass, Leila] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Pulliam, H. Ronald] Borderlands Restorat L3C, Patagonia, AZ 85624 USA. [Minckley, Robert] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Tolle, Cindy] Tutuaca Mt Sch, Custer, SD 57730 USA. [Coe, Michelle] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Norman, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520N Pk Ave Ste 102K, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lnorman@usgs.gov OI Gass, Leila/0000-0002-3436-262X; Villarreal, Miguel/0000-0003-0720-1422 FU Land Change Science (LCS) Program of the USGS; University of Arizona/NASA Space Grant Undergraduate Research Internship FX This research was conducted with support from the Land Change Science (LCS) Program of the USGS. Michelle Coe was supported by a University of Arizona/NASA Space Grant Undergraduate Research Internship. Partners contributing to this research should also be acknowledged for their great contributions, including Josiah and Valer Austin (Cuenca Los Ojos Foundation), Stephen DeLong (USGS), Richard Pritzlaff (Biophilia Foundation), and Pankaj Jamwal (Univ. of Arizona). We sincerely appreciate the careful peer reviews of this manuscript provided by Edward P. Glenn (University of Arizona) and William Radke (San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). NR 74 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 70 BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.05.012 PG 14 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA AN5SR UT WOS:000340652100030 ER PT J AU Engle, M Gallo, M Schroeder, K Geboy, N Zupancic, J AF Engle, Mark A. Gallo, Michele Schroeder, Karl T. Geboy, Nicholas J. Zupancic, John W. TI Three-way compositional analysis of water quality monitoring data SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Coalbed natural gas; Log-ratio; Multi-mode analysis; Powder River Basin; Produced waters; Tucker3 ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; LOG-RATIO; CHEMISTRY; RIVER; GEOCHEMISTRY; BASIN AB Water quality monitoring data typically consist of J parameters and constituents measured at I number of static locations at K sets of seasonal occurrences. The resulting I x J x K three-way array can be difficult to interpret. Additionally, the constituent portion of the dataset (e.g., major ion and trace element concentration, pH, etc.) is compositional in that it sums to a constant (e.g., 1 kg/L) and is mathematically confined to the simplex, the sample space for compositional data. Here we apply a Tucker3 model on centered log-ratio data to find low dimensional representation of latent variables as a means to simplify data processing and interpretation of three years of seasonal compositional groundwater chemistry data for 14 wells at a study site in Wyoming, USA. The study site has been amended with treated coalbed methane produced water, using a subsurface drip irrigation system, to allow for irrigation of forage crops. Results from three-way compositional data analysis indicate that primary controls on water quality at the study site include: solutes concentration by evapotranspiration, cation exchange, and dissolution of native salts. These findings agree well with results from more detailed investigations of the site. In addition, the model identified Ba uptake during gypsum precipitation in some portions of the site during the final 6-9 months of investigation, a process for which the timing and extent had not previously been identified. These results suggest that multi-way compositional analyses hold promise as a means to more easily interpret water quality monitoring data. C1 [Engle, Mark A.; Geboy, Nicholas J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gallo, Michele] Univ Naples Lorientale, Dept Human & Social Sci, Naples, Italy. [Schroeder, Karl T.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Zupancic, John W.] BeneTerra LLC, Sheridan, WY USA. RP Engle, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM engle@usgs.gov OI Gallo, Michele/0000-0001-7904-0491; Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; University of Naples-"L'Orientale" (I) FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program and by ex-60% 2011 funds of the University of Naples-"L'Orientale" (I). Thoughtful review and comment on an earlier version of this paper were provided by Carl Bern (USGS). Assistance with sampling logistics and analytical results were provided by Adam Quist (BeneTerra), Carol Cardone (National Energy Technology Laboratory [NETL]), and Kristen Carlisle (NETL). NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 21 IS 3 BP 565 EP 581 DI 10.1007/s10651-013-0268-x PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA AN6CS UT WOS:000340681900009 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Guo, HD Wang, CZ Ji, L Li, J Wang, K Dai, L AF Zhang, Li Guo, HuaDong Wang, CuiZhen Ji, Lei Li, Jing Wang, Kun Dai, Lin TI The long-term trends (1982-2006) in vegetation greenness of the alpine ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; GIMMS AVHRR; Meadows; NDVI; Steppes ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; SATELLITE DATA; NDVI RESPONSE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SEMIARID BOTSWANA; SOIL-MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION AB The increased rate of annual temperature in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau exceeded all other areas of the same latitude in recent decades. The influence of the warming climate on the alpine ecosystem of the plateau was distinct. An analysis of alpine vegetation under changes in climatic conditions was conducted in this study. This was done through an examination of vegetation greenness and its relationship with climate variability using the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite imagery and climate datasets. Vegetation in the plateau experienced a positive trend in greenness, with 18.0 % of the vegetated areas exhibiting significantly positive trends, which were primarily located in the eastern and southwestern parts of the plateau. In grasslands, 25.8 % of meadows and 14.1 % of steppes exhibited significant upward trends. In contrast, the broadleaf forests experienced a trend of degradation. Temperature, particularly summer temperature, was the primary factor promoting the vegetation growth in the plateau. The wetter and warmer climate in the east contributed to the favorable conditions for vegetation. The alpine meadow was mostly sensitive to temperature, while the steppes were sensitive to both temperature and precipitation. Although a warming climate was expected to be beneficial to vegetation growth in the alpine region, the rising temperature coupled with reduced precipitation in the south did not favor vegetation growth due to low humidity and poor soil moisture conditions. C1 [Zhang, Li; Guo, HuaDong; Wang, Kun; Dai, Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Li; Li, Jing] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Wang, CuiZhen] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ji, Lei] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM zhangli@radi.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271372]; International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC [41120114001]; US Geological Survey [G13PC00028] FX The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41271372) and the International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC (Grant No. 41120114001). The work by Lei Ji was performed under US Geological Survey contract G13PC00028. We acknowledge the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and the GES DISC for dissemination of MERRA. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on improving the manuscript. NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1827 EP 1841 DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3092-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AO1OV UT WOS:000341083800007 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Porcher, ST Smerud, JR Gaikowski, MP AF Meinertz, J. R. Porcher, S. T. Smerud, J. R. Gaikowski, M. P. TI Determination of the exposure parameters that maximise the concentrations of the anaesthetic/sedative eugenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin-on fillet tissue SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE eugenol; fish sedative; fish anesthetic; drug residues ID BENZOCAINE; AQUI-S(TM); RESIDUES AB Studies were conducted to determine the anaesthetic/sedative concentrations and durations that would maximise anaesthetic/sedative residue concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin-on fillet tissue. Rainbow trout (167-404 g) were exposed to 50 mg l(-1) AQUI-S (R) 20E (10% active ingredient, eugenol) in 17 degrees C freshwater for durations up to 1440 min, 100 and 250 mg l(-1) AQUI-S (R) 20E for durations up to 240 min, and 500 and 1000 mg l(-1) AQUI-S (R) 20E for durations up to 90 min. Fish exposed to 100 mg l(-1) AQUI-S (R) 20E for durations of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min had the greatest eugenol concentrations in the fillet tissue, 50, 58, 54 and 62 mu g g(-1), respectively. All other exposure concentrations and durations resulted in significantly lower eugenol concentrations, i. e. all < 39 mu g g(-1). C1 [Meinertz, J. R.; Porcher, S. T.; Smerud, J. R.; Gaikowski, M. P.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU US Army Corp of Engineers; US Food and Drug Administration Office of Minor Use and Minor Species Animal Drug Development [RFA-FD-10-001] FX This work was supported by the US Army Corp of Engineers and the US Food and Drug Administration Office of Minor Use and Minor Species Animal Drug Development [grant number RFA-FD-10-001]. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 EI 1944-0057 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1522 EP 1528 DI 10.1080/19440049.2014.939720 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA AO0SG UT WOS:000341021500008 PM 24984609 ER PT J AU Mainwaring, DB Maguire, DA Perakis, SS AF Mainwaring, Douglas B. Maguire, Douglas A. Perakis, Steven S. TI Three-year growth response of young Douglas-fir to nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and blended fertilizers in Oregon and Washington SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; Fertilization; Liming; Swiss needle cast ID WESTERN HEMLOCK SEEDLINGS; SWISS NEEDLE CAST; LEAF-AREA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOIL PROPERTIES; TREE NUTRITION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FOREST SOILS; STANDS AB Studies of nutrient limitation in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest focus predominantly on nitrogen, yet many stands demonstrate negligible or even negative growth response to nitrogen fertilization. To understand what nutrients other than nitrogen may limit forest productivity in this region, we tested six fertilizer treatments for their ability to increase stem volume growth response of dominant and co-dominant trees in young Douglas-fir plantations across a range of foliar and soil chemistry in western Oregon and Washington. We evaluated responses to single applications of urea, lime, calcium chloride, or monosodium phosphate at 16 sites, and to two site-specific nutrients blends at 12 of these sites. Across sites, the average stem volume growth increased marginally with urea, lime, and phosphorus fertilization. Fertilization responses generally aligned with plant and soil indicators of nutrient limitation. Response to nitrogen addition was greatest on soils with low total nitrogen and high exchangeable calcium concentrations. Responses to lime and calcium chloride additions were greatest at sites with low foliar calcium and low soil pH. Response to phosphorus addition was greatest on sites with low foliar phosphorus and high soil pH. Blended fertilizers yielded only marginal growth increases at one site, with no consistent effect across sites. Overall, our results highlight that calcium and phosphorus can be important growth limiting nutrients on specific sites in nitrogen-rich Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mainwaring, Douglas B.; Maguire, Douglas A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mainwaring, DB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM doug.mainwaring@oregonstate.edu FU Cascade Timber Consulting; Giustina Land and Timber; Green Diamond Resource Company; Hampton Affiliates; Lone Rock Timber Management Company; Menasha Forest Products; Oregon Department of Forestry, Oregon State University; Port Blakely Tree Farms; Starker Forests; West Fork Timber Company; Weyerhaeuser Company; Swiss Needle Cast Research Cooperative FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the participants in this fertilization trial: Cascade Timber Consulting, Giustina Land and Timber, Green Diamond Resource Company, Hampton Affiliates, Lone Rock Timber Management Company, Menasha Forest Products, Oregon Department of Forestry, Oregon State University, Port Blakely Tree Farms, Starker Forests, West Fork Timber Company, Weyerhaeuser Company, and the Swiss Needle Cast Research Cooperative. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 327 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.005 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AN8KJ UT WOS:000340852800019 ER PT J AU Hurteau, MD Bradford, JB Fule, PZ Taylor, AH Martin, KL AF Hurteau, Matthew D. Bradford, John B. Fule, Peter Z. Taylor, Alan H. Martin, Katherine L. TI Climate change, fire management, and ecological services in the southwestern US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Carbon; Emissions; Mitigation; Adaptation ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; STAND-REPLACING FIRE; BEETLE OUTBREAKS CHANGE; UPPER MONTANE FORESTS; TREE MORTALITY-RATES AB The diverse forest types of the southwestern US are inseparable from fire. Across climate zones in California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico, fire suppression has left many forest types out of sync with their historic fire regimes. As a result, high fuel loads place them at risk of severe fire, particularly as fire activity increases due to climate change. A legacy of fire exclusion coupled with a warming climate has led to increasingly large and severe wildfires in many southwest forest types. Climate change projections include an extended fire season length due to earlier snowmelt and a general drying trend due to rising temperatures. This suggests the future will be warmer and drier regardless of changes in precipitation. Hotter, drier conditions are likely to increase forest flammability, at least initially. Changes in climate alone have the potential to alter the distribution of vegetation types within the region, and climate-driven shifts in vegetation distribution are likely to be accelerated when coupled with stand-replacing fire. Regardless of the rate of change, the interaction of climate and fire and their effects on Southwest ecosystems will alter the provisioning of ecosystem services, including carbon storage and biodiversity. Interactions between climate, fire, and vegetation growth provide a source of great uncertainty in projecting future fire activity in the region, as post-fire forest recovery is strongly influenced by climate and subsequent fire frequency. Severe fire can be mitigated with fuels management including prescribed fire, thinning, and wildfire management, but new strategies are needed to ensure the effectiveness of treatments across landscapes. We review the current understanding of the relationship between fire and climate in the Southwest, both historical and projected. We then discuss the potential implications of climate change for fire management and examine the potential effects of climate change and fire on ecosystem services. We conclude with an assessment of the role of fire management in an increasingly flammable Southwest. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hurteau, Matthew D.; Martin, Katherine L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Taylor, Alan H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hurteau, MD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, 306 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM matthew.hurteau@psu.edu; jbradford@usgs.gov; Pete.Fule@nau.edu; aht1@psu.edu; klm36@psu.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Hurteau, Matthew/D-2301-2009 OI Hurteau, Matthew/0000-0001-8457-8974 NR 157 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 21 U2 153 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 327 BP 280 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.007 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AN8KJ UT WOS:000340852800030 ER PT J AU Whiting, DP Paukert, CP Healy, BD Spurgeon, JJ AF Whiting, Daniel P. Paukert, Craig P. Healy, Brian D. Spurgeon, Jonathan J. TI Macroinvertebrate prey availability and food web dynamics of nonnative trout in a Colorado River tributary, Grand Canyon SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nonnative fish; native fish; tributaries; prey availability; diet analysis; stable isotopes ID LENGTH-MASS RELATIONSHIPS; UNITED-STATES; FISH; STREAM; ISOTOPE; ARIZONA; USA; CONSEQUENCES; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB Nonnative fishes have been linked to the decline of native fishes and may affect aquatic food webs through direct and indirect pathways. These concerns have led to efforts to remove nonnative Brown and Rainbow Trout, which are abundant in tributaries of the Colorado River, to enhance native fish communities. We sampled fish, benthic, and drifting macroinvertebrates in November 2010, January 2011, June 2011, and September 2011 to assess resource availability and to evaluate the effects of nonnative Brown and Rainbow Trout in a tributary of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. We evaluated trout diets from stomach samples collected during macroinvertebrate sampling periods, and we estimated annual consumption with bioenergetics models. We used C-13 and N-15 stable isotopes to examine potential diet overlap between native and nonnative fishes. Contributions to benthic biomass varied among megalopterans (16-35%), trichopterans (19-28%), and ephemeropterans (9-32%), whereas ephemeropterans dominated biomass (44-64%) in drift samples. Ephemeropterans were dominant in diets of small (<150 mm total length [TL]) trout, whereas Corydalus and native fish dominated diets of large (>150 mm TL) Brown Trout, and Corydalus and algae dominated diets of large Rainbow Trout. Annual resource consumption was 6x higher for large trout than small trout. Stable isotopes suggested diet overlap between native and nonnative fishes. Large nonnative trout occupied the highest trophic positions. Our results suggest that suppression of nonnative trout may have a positive effect on native fishes via reduced predation and resource competition. C1 [Whiting, Daniel P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Healy, Brian D.] Natl Pk Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Spurgeon, Jonathan J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68582 USA. RP Whiting, DP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM dp.whiting@gmail.com; paukertc@missouri.edu; brian_healy@nps.gov; jonathan.spurgeon@huskers.unl.edu FU US Geological Survey; Natural Resource Preservation Program; Grand Canyon National Park; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the many field and laboratory assistants who made this research possible: Erin Fore, Emily Omana Smith, Mellissa Trammel, Dave Speas, Bill Leibfried, Landon Pierce, Grand Canyon Trust volunteers, US Fish and Wildlife Service field technicians, the US Bureau of Reclamation, and the University of Missouri Stable Isotope Geochemistry laboratory. Associate Editor Matt Whiles provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey, Natural Resource Preservation Program, and Grand Canyon National Park. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade names or products does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government, the US Geological Survey, or other sponsoring or participating agencies. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 34 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 872 EP 884 DI 10.1086/676915 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN4TF UT WOS:000340580700017 ER PT J AU Hitt, NP Chambers, DB AF Hitt, Nathaniel P. Chambers, Douglas B. TI Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages downstream from mountaintop mining SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fish community; species richness; functional diversity; simulation; mining ID CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; HEADWATER STREAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; SPECIES TRAITS; WEST-VIRGINIA; VALLEY FILLS; FRESH-WATER; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Mountaintop mining (MTM) affects chemical, physical, and hydrological properties of receiving streams, but the long-term consequences for fish-assemblage structure and function are poorly understood. We sampled stream fish assemblages using electrofishing techniques in MTM exposure sites and reference sites within the Guyandotte River basin, USA, during 2010-2011. We calculated indices of taxonomic diversity (species richness, abundance, Shannon diversity) and functional diversity (functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence) to compare exposure and reference assemblages between seasons (spring and autumn) and across years (1999-2011). We based temporal comparisons on 2 sites that were sampled during 1999-2001 by Stauffer and Ferreri (2002). Exposure assemblages had lower taxonomic and functional diversity than reference assemblages or simulated assemblages that accounted for random variation. Differences in taxonomic composition between reference and exposure assemblages were associated with conductivity and aqueous Se concentrations. Exposure assemblages had fewer species, lower abundances, and less biomass than reference assemblages across years and seasons. Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) and Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) became numerically dominant in exposure assemblages over time because of their persistence and losses of other taxa. In contrast, species richness increased over time in reference assemblages, a result that may indicate recovery from drought. Mean individual biomass increased as fish density decreased and most obligate invertivores were apparently extirpated at MTM exposure sites. Effects of MTM were not related to physical-habitat conditions but were associated with water-quality variables, which may limit quality and availability of benthic macroinvertebrate prey. Simulations revealed effects of MTM that could not be attributed to random variation in fish assemblage structure. C1 [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Chambers, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Water Sci Ctr, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. RP Hitt, NP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM nhitt@usgs.gov; dbchambe@usgs.gov FU USGS Leetown Science Center; USGS West Virginia Water Science Center FX Funding was provided by the USGS Leetown Science Center and the USGS West Virginia Water Science Center. We thank K. Cooper, C. Snyder, J. Daily, J. Young, M. Rockey, S. Faulkner, E. Snook (USGS Leetown Science Center), K. Paybins, T. Messinger, J. Wiley, H. Bevans (USGS West Virginia Water Science Center), L. Reynolds, F. Borsuk, G. Pond (USEPA), J. Stauffer, C. P. Ferreri (Pennsylvania State University), and D. McGarvey (Virginia Commonwealth University) for their assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 53 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 915 EP 926 DI 10.1086/676997 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN4TF UT WOS:000340580700021 ER PT J AU Smith, JT Kennedy, TA Muehlbauer, JD AF Smith, Joshua T. Kennedy, Theodore A. Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. TI Building a better sticky trap: description of an easy-to-use trap and pole mount for quantifying the abundance of adult aquatic insects SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sticky trap; insect emergence; aquatic ecology; flight direction; Colorado River ID FOOD WEBS; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; TERRESTRIAL; STREAM; SUBSIDIES; PREY AB Insect emergence is a fundamental process in freshwaters. It is a critical life-history stage for aquatic insects and provides an important prey resource for terrestrial and aquatic consumers. Sticky traps are increasingly being used to sample these insects. The most common design consists of an acetate sheet coated with a nondrying adhesive that is attached to a wire frame or cylinder. These traps must be prepared at the deployment site, a process that can be time consuming and difficult given the vagaries of field conditions. Our goals were to develop a sturdy, low-cost sticky trap that could be prepared in advance, rapidly deployed and recovered in the field, and used to estimate the flight direction of insects. We used 150-mm Petri dishes with lids. The dishes can be coated cleanly and consistently with Tangle-Trap (R) adhesive. Deploying traps is simple and requires only a pole set near the body of water being sampled. Four dishes can be attached to the pole using Velcro and aligned in 4 different directions to enable quantification of insect flight direction. After sampling, Petri dishes can be taped closed, packed in boxes, and stored indefinitely. Petri traps are comparable in price to standard acetate sheet traps at similar to US$0.50/directional deployment, but they require more space for storage than acetate sheet traps. However, a major benefit of Petri traps is that field deployment times are 1/3 those of acetate traps. Our study demonstrated that large Petri dishes are an ideal platform for sampling postemergent adult aquatic insects, particularly when the study design involves estimating flight direction and when rapid deployment and recovery of traps is critical. C1 [Smith, Joshua T.; Kennedy, Theodore A.; Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Smith, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jtsmith@usgs.gov; tkennedy@usgs.gov; jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov RI Muehlbauer, Jeffrey/G-3607-2011 OI Muehlbauer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1808-580X FU Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX We thank A. Copp, M. Evans, C. Fritzinger, E. Kortenhoeven, A. Metcalfe, C. Phillips, and T. Quigley for field, laboratory, and logistical support. Comments by Charles Yackulic and 2 anonymous referees improved the clarity of the paper. Funding for this work was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 972 EP 977 DI 10.1086/676998 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN4TF UT WOS:000340580700026 ER PT J AU Tas, N Prestat, E McFarland, JW Wickland, KP Knight, R Berhe, AA Jorgenson, T Waldrop, MP Jansson, JK AF Tas, Neslihan Prestat, Emmanuel McFarland, Jack W. Wickland, Kimberley P. Knight, Rob Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw Jorgenson, Torre Waldrop, Mark P. Jansson, Janet K. TI Impact of fire on active layer and permafrost microbial communities and metagenomes in an upland Alaskan boreal forest SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; climate change; metagenomics; microbial community response; permafrost; wildfire ID SOIL BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; C-13 NMR; CARBON; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; WILDFIRE; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Permafrost soils are large reservoirs of potentially labile carbon (C). Understanding the dynamics of C release from these soils requires us to account for the impact of wildfires, which are increasing in frequency as the climate changes. Boreal wildfires contribute to global emission of greenhouse gases (GHG-CO2, CH4 and N2O) and indirectly result in the thawing of near-surface permafrost. In this study, we aimed to define the impact of fire on soil microbial communities and metabolic potential for GHG fluxes in samples collected up to 1m depth from an upland black spruce forest near Nome Creek, Alaska. We measured geochemistry, GHG fluxes, potential soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure via 16SrRNA gene and metagenome sequencing. We found that soil moisture, C content and the potential for respiration were reduced by fire, as were microbial community diversity and metabolic potential. There were shifts in dominance of several microbial community members, including a higher abundance of candidate phylum AD3 after fire. The metagenome data showed that fire had a pervasive impact on genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, methanogenesis and the nitrogen cycle. Although fire resulted in an immediate release of CO2 from surface soils, our results suggest that the potential for emission of GHG was ultimately reduced at all soil depths over the longer term. Because of the size of the permafrost C reservoir, these results are crucial for understanding whether fire produces a positive or negative feedback loop contributing to the global C cycle. C1 [Tas, Neslihan; Prestat, Emmanuel; Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McFarland, Jack W.; Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wickland, Kimberley P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA USA. [Jorgenson, Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Jansson, Janet K.] Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Jansson, Janet K.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Jansson, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, One Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrjansson@lbl.gov RI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/D-4179-2011; Tas, Neslihan/D-1172-2015; Knight, Rob/D-1299-2010; OI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/0000-0002-6986-7943; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division, of the US Department of Energy as part of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Keck Foundation (Earth Microbiome Project); United States Geological Survey (USGS) FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Keck Foundation (Earth Microbiome Project; http: //www.earthmicrobiome.org) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 10 U2 118 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1904 EP 1919 DI 10.1038/ismej.2014.36 PG 16 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA AO3EV UT WOS:000341212600013 PM 24722629 ER PT J AU Hall, RJ Altizer, S Bartel, RA AF Hall, Richard J. Altizer, Sonia Bartel, Rebecca A. TI Greater migratory propensity in hosts lowers pathogen transmission and impacts SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compartment model; host-parasite interaction; long-distance migration; pathogen invasion; population dynamics ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ANIMAL MIGRATION; BIRDS; POPULATIONS; PARASITES; DIVERSITY; BEHAVIOR; AFRICA; MODELS; SPREAD AB 1. Animal migrations are spectacular and migratory species have been shown to transmit pathogens that pose risks to human health. Although migration is commonly assumed to enhance pathogen dispersal, empirical work indicates that migration can often have the opposite effect of lowering disease risk. 2. Key to assessing disease threats to migratory species is the ability to predict how migratory behaviour influences pathogen invasion success and impacts on migratory hosts, thus motivating a mechanistic understanding of migratory host-pathogen interactions. 3. Here, we develop a quantitative framework to examine pathogen transmission in animals that undergo two-way directed migrations between wintering and breeding grounds annually. 4. Using the case of a pathogen transmitted during the host's breeding season, we show that a more extreme migratory strategy (defined by the time spent away from the breeding site and the total distance migrated) lowers the probability of pathogen invasion. Moreover, if migration substantially lowers the survival probability of infected animals, then populations that spend comparatively less time at the breeding site or that migrate longer distances are less vulnerable to pathogen-induced population declines. 5. These findings provide theoretical support for two non-exclusive mechanisms proposed to explain how seasonal migration can lower infection risk: (i) escape from habitats where parasite transmission stages have accumulated and (ii) selective removal of infected hosts during strenuous journeys. Our work further suggests that barriers to long-distance movement could increase pathogen prevalence for vulnerable species, an effect already seen in some animal species undergoing anthropogenically induced migratory shifts. C1 [Hall, Richard J.; Altizer, Sonia] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hall, Richard J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bartel, Rebecca A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manteo, NC 27954 USA. RP Hall, RJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rjhall@uga.edu FU McDonnell Foundation [220020193, 0643831]; Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award through the NIH FX We thank Andrew Park, Andy Dobson, Pej Rohani, Andy Davis, Troy Day, members of the Altizer laboratory and two anonymous referees for discussion and comments on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the McDonnell Foundation grant 220020193 to RH, NSF DEB grant 0643831 to S. A., a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award through the NIH to R. B. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1068 EP 1077 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12204 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AN8TP UT WOS:000340877700008 PM 24460702 ER PT J AU Smith, BD AF Smith, Bruce D. TI Introduction to Near Surface Geophysical Letters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bsmith@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 165 EP 165 DI 10.2113/JEEG19.3.165 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA AO2QF UT WOS:000341169600003 ER PT J AU Morse, MS Lu, N Wayllace, A Godt, JW Take, WA AF Morse, Michael S. Lu, Ning Wayllace, Alexandra Godt, Jonathan W. Take, W. A. TI Experimental Test of Theory for the Stability of Partially Saturated Vertical Cut Slopes SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Cut slope; Unsaturated soil; Particle image velocimetry (PIV); Suction stress; Failure plane ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL; SUCTION; STRESS AB This paper extends Culmann's vertical-cut analysis to unsaturated soils. To test the extended theory, unsaturated sand was compacted to a uniform porosity and moisture content in a laboratory apparatus. A sliding door that extended the height of the free face of the slope was lowered until the vertical cut failed. Digital images of the slope cross section and upper surface were acquired concurrently. A recently developed particle image velocimetry (PIV) tool was used to quantify soil displacement. The PIV analysis showed strain localization at varying distances from the sliding door prior to failure. The areas of localized strain were coincident with the location of the slope crest after failure. Shear-strength and soil-water-characteristic parameters of the sand were independently tested for use in extended analyses of the vertical-cut stability and of the failure plane angle. Experimental failure heights were within 22.3% of the heights predicted using the extended theory. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Morse, Michael S.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lu, Ning; Wayllace, Alexandra] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Godt, Jonathan W.] USGS, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Take, W. A.] Queens Univ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Morse, MS (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mmorse@mines.edu; ninglu@mines.edu; awayllac@mines.edu; jgodt@usgs.gov; andy.take@civil.queensu.ca FU National Science Foundation [NSFCMMI-0855783]; U.S. Geological Survey [USGS G09AC00085] FX This research is partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSFCMMI-0855783) to Ning Lu and Jonathan W. Godt and a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS G09AC00085) to Ning Lu. Key modifications on the cut-slope simulator were made with help from John Jezek from the Colorado School of Mines, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Analysis of the PIV plots was finished with help from Dr. Murat Kaya. Digital camera use was made possible by Dr. David Munoz from the Colorado School of Mines, Department of Mechanical Engineering. Richard Iverson of the USGS provided a thorough and constructive review. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 EI 1943-5606 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 140 IS 9 AR 04014050 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001119 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA AN6TR UT WOS:000340731200002 ER PT J AU Ganey, JL Ward, JP Jenness, JS Block, WM Hedwall, S Jonnes, RS Apprill, DL Rawlinson, TA Kyle, SC Spangle, SL AF Ganey, Joseph L. Ward, James P., Jr. Jenness, Jeffrey S. Block, William M. Hedwall, Shaula Jonnes, Ryan S. Apprill, Darrell L. Rawlinson, Todd A. Kyle, Sean C. Spangle, Steven L. TI USE OF PROTECTED ACTIVITY CENTERS BY MEXICAN SPOTTED OWLS IN THE SACRAMENTO MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mexican Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis lucida; conservation; nest sites; Protected Activity Center; recolonization; roost ID AREAS AB A Recovery Plan developed for the threatened Mexican Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) recommended designating Protected Activity Centers (PACs) with a minimum size of 243 ha to conserve core use areas of territorial owls. The plan assumed that areas of this size would protect "... the nest site, several roost sites, and the most proximal and highly-used foraging areas." The PAC concept remains an important component of the recovery strategy nineteen years later, although use of designated PACs by territorial owls has never been evaluated. We assessed use of PACs for nesting and roosting by Mexican Spotted Owls in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, using location data obtained during a study of owl demography from 2004-2011. High proportions of both nest and roost locations were located within the PAC boundary for most, but not all, PACs. Many locations outside of PAC boundaries were adjacent to those boundaries, but some occurred >1 km from PAC boundaries. Proportions of roost locations within the PAC also were high for most, but not all, individual owls of both sexes, and in all years of the study. Proportions of locations within PACs remained relatively high for periods of up to 24 yr following PAC establishment, suggesting that owls continued to use these areas over relatively long periods. A number of vacant PACs were recolonized by owls during the study, and these owls also used PAC areas at high levels in most, but not all, cases. It would be desirable to assess PAC use over longer time periods, in other geographic areas, and to incorporate foraging use in such evaluations. In the meantime, however, our C1 [Ganey, Joseph L.; Block, William M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ward, James P., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Inventory & Monitoring Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Jenness, Jeffrey S.] Jenness Enterprises, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. [Hedwall, Shaula] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv Off, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Jonnes, Ryan S.; Apprill, Darrell L.] US Forest Serv, Lincoln Natl Forest, Cloudcroft, NM 88317 USA. [Rawlinson, Todd A.] US Forest Serv, Lincoln Natl Forest, Ruidoso, NM 88345 USA. [Kyle, Sean C.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Spangle, Steven L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv Off, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. RP Ganey, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jganey@fs.fed.us OI Jenness, Jeff/0000-0002-9448-1444 FU U.S. Forest Service, Southwestern Region (USFS, SW Region); Lincoln National Forest; Rocky Mountain Research Station, USFS FX We thank the many dedicated field personnel who located owls and nests within the Sacramento Mountains, including T. Bartnick, A. Behney, T. Borneman, C. Brayton, N. Brown, J. Cannon, M. Chappell, C. Cobb, M. Collado, J. Cooper, M. Crabb, R. Crandall, C. Domschke, C. Edge, T. Felkey, L. Gedacht, C. Glenney, J. Gorey, J. Goyette, J. Groce, S. Halsey, D. Harrington, T. Heard, M. Hillman, T. Holland, J. Hyre, M. Ihnken, S. Isham, J. Jerrett, R. Johnson, J. Justus, M. Kern, D. Kite, R. Landry, R. Lavier, A. Mahoney, R. McLain, P. Mercer, S. Miller, F. Monreal, C. Mosby, L. Navarrete, M. Neely, C. Okraska, H. Oswald, A. Parrish, M. Peterson, R. Peterson, E. Pollom, D. Skalos, C. Schmidt, N. Smith, M. Riley, B. Rubeck, A. Salonikios, R. Seeley, G. Sorrentino, C. Starkweather, J. Taylor, R. Trujillo, N. Unsworth, A. VandeVoort, N. von Hedeman, K. Wagner, A. Walters, K. Weber, and J. Whiteman. We also thank personnel on the Sacramento Ranger District, Lincoln National Forest (especially M. Mauter, J. Montoya, R. Guaderrama, D. Salas, and J. Williams), for operational support during the Sacramento Mountains demography study, as well as the numerous landowners who graciously allowed us to access call points located on private land. Major funding was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Southwestern Region (USFS, SW Region), with additional funding from the Lincoln National Forest and Rocky Mountain Research Station, USFS. We thank D. DeLorenzo (USFS, SW Region) for his support and assistance with securing funding throughout the study. L.S. Baggett provided advice on statistical methods, and J. Keane and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 48 IS 3 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.3356/JRR-13-18.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO1SZ UT WOS:000341096200002 ER PT J AU Bruggeman, JE Andersen, DE Woodford, JE AF Bruggeman, Jason E. Andersen, David E. Woodford, James E. TI FACTORS RELATED TO NORTHERN GOSHAWK LANDSCAPE USE IN THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES REGION SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; habitat use; landscape; nest habitat; western Great Lakes bioregion ID NESTING HABITAT; FOREST; OCCUPANCY; CONSERVATION; PREFERENCE; MINNESOTA; SELECTION; EUROPE; MODELS; AREAS AB Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) are a species of special conservation concern in the western Great Lakes bioregion and elsewhere in North America, and exhibit landscape-scale spatial use patterns. However, little information exists about Northern Goshawk habitat relations at broad spatial extents, as most existing published information comes from a few locations of relatively small spatial extent and, in some cases, short durations. We used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate competing hypotheses regarding factors (forest canopy cover, successional stage, and heights of the canopy top and base) related to odds of Northern Goshawk landscape use throughout the western Great Lakes bioregion based on an occupancy survey completed in 2008 (Bruggeman et al. 2011). We also combined these data with historical data of Northern Goshawk nest locations in the bioregion from 19792006 to evaluate the same competing hypotheses to elucidate long-term trends in use. The odds of Northern Goshawk use in 2008, and from 1979-2008, were positively correlated with average percent canopy cover. In the best-approximating models developed using 1979-2008 data, the odds of landscape use were positively correlated with the percentages of the landscape having canopy heights between 10 m and 25 m, and 25 m and 50 m, and the amount of variability in canopy base height. Also, the odds of landscape use were negatively correlated with the average height at the canopy base. Our results suggest multiple habitat factors were related to Northern Goshawk landscape-scale habitat use, similar to habitat use described at smaller spatial scales in the western Great Lakes bioregion and in western North America and Europe. C1 [Bruggeman, Jason E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Woodford, James E.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Endangered Resources Program, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Bruggeman, JE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM brug0006@umn.edu FU U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Minnesota; Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest; Chippewa National Forest; Hiawatha National Forest; Ottawa National Forest; Superior National Forest; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Natural Features Inventory; Plum Creek Timber Company; Potlach Corporation FX This project was completed with funding and support from the U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Geological Survey Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (cooperators include the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), University of Minnesota, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Chippewa National Forest, Hiawatha National Forest, Ottawa National Forest, Superior National Forest, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Plum Creek Timber Company, and Potlach Corporation. We would like to acknowledge the numerous surveyors that participated in data collection efforts and the private landowners who provided access to their land during surveys. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. federal government or the University of Minnesota. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 48 IS 3 BP 228 EP 239 DI 10.3356/JRR-13-0058.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO1SZ UT WOS:000341096200004 ER PT J AU Yagupsky, DL Brooks, BA Whipple, KX Duncan, WC Bevis, M AF Yagupsky, Daniel L. Brooks, Benjamin A. Whipple, Kelin X. Duncan, Whipple C. Bevis, Michael TI Distribution of active faulting along orogenic wedges: Minimum-work models and natural analogue SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Minimum work; Orogenic wedge; Erosion; Thrust activity; Bolivian Subandes ID FOLD-THRUST BELT; SOUTHERN BOLIVIA; MOUNTAIN BELTS; MECHANICAL MODELS; STRUCTURAL STYLES; SUBANDEAN THRUST; ENERGY-BALANCE; CENTRAL ANDES; STEADY-STATE; EROSION AB Numerical 2-D models based on the principle of minimum work were used to examine the space-time distribution of active faulting during the evolution of orogenic wedges. A series of models focused on thin-skinned thrusting illustrates the effects of arid conditions (no erosion), unsteady state conditions (accretionary influx greater than erosional efflux) and steady state conditions (accretionary influx balances erosional efflux), on the distribution of fault activity. For arid settings, a general forward accretion sequence prevails, although a significant amount of internal deformation is registered: the resulting fault pattern is a rather uniform spread along the profile. Under fixed erosional efficiency settings, the frontal advance of the wedge-front is inhibited, reaching a steady state after a given forward propagation. Then, the applied shortening is consumed by surface ruptures over a narrow frontal zone. Under a temporal increase in erosional efficiency (i.e., transient non-steady state mass balance conditions), a narrowing of the synthetic wedge results; a rather diffuse fault activity distribution is observed during the deformation front retreat. Once steady balanced conditions are reached, a single long-lived deformation front prevails. Fault activity distribution produced during the deformation front retreat of the latter scenario, compares well with the structural evolution and hinterlandward deformation migration identified in southern Bolivian Subandes (SSA) from late Miocene to present. This analogy supports the notion that the SSA is not in steady state, but is rather responding to an erosional efficiency increase since late Miocene. The results shed light on the impact of different mass balance conditions on the vastly different kinematics found in mountain ranges, suggesting that those affected by growing erosion under a transient unbalanced mass flux condition tend to distribute deformation along both frontal and internal faults, while others under balanced conditions would display focused deformation on a limited number of steady structures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yagupsky, Daniel L.] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEN, Inst Estudios Andinos Don Pablo Groeber IDEAN, Dept Ciencias Geol,Lab Modelado Geol, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Brooks, Benjamin A.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Whipple, Kelin X.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Duncan, Whipple C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Bevis, Michael] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brooks, Benjamin A.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yagupsky, DL (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, FCEN, Inst Estudios Andinos Don Pablo Groeber IDEAN, Dept Ciencias Geol,Lab Modelado Geol, BsAs C1428EGA, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM daniely@gl.fcen.uba.ar FU National Science Foundation, Tectonics Program [UBACyT X855, Agencia BID-PICT 2010-1441] FX We thank the National Science Foundation, Tectonics Program, and projects UBACyT X855 and Agencia BID-PICT 2010-1441 for funding support. Comments by Javier Quinteros and an anonymous reviewer resulted in significant improvements to an earlier draft. This is the contribution R-138 of the Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber" (UBA-CONICET). NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 66 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2014.05.025 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO0CZ UT WOS:000340978000015 ER PT J AU Brzeski, KE Rabon, DR Chamberlain, MJ Waits, LP Taylor, SS AF Brzeski, Kristin E. Rabon, David R., Jr. Chamberlain, Michael J. Waits, Lisette P. Taylor, Sabrina S. TI Inbreeding and inbreeding depression in endangered red wolves (Canis rufus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; Canis rufus; inbreeding; inbreeding depression; pedigree ID HETEROZYGOSITY-FITNESS CORRELATIONS; LIFE-HISTORY; LUPUS POPULATION; PEROMYSCUS-POLIONOTUS; MAMMALIAN POPULATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; INSULAR POPULATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; SPERM QUALITY; LITTER SIZE AB In natural populations, the expression and severity of inbreeding depression can vary widely across taxa. Describing processes that influence the extent of inbreeding and inbreeding depression aid in our understanding of the evolutionary history of mating systems such as cooperative breeding and nonrandom mate selection. Such findings also help shape wildlife conservation theory because inbreeding depression reduces the viability of small populations. We evaluated the extent of inbreeding and inbreeding depression in a small, re-introduced population of red wolves (Canis rufus) in North Carolina. Since red wolves were first re-introduced in 1987, pedigree inbreeding coefficients (f) increased considerably and almost every wild born wolf was inbred (average f = 0.154 and max f = 0.383). The large inbreeding coefficients were due to both background relatedness associated with few founders and numerous close relative matings. Inbreeding depression was most evident for adult body size and generally absent for direct fitness measures such as reproductive success and survival; no lethal equivalents (LE = 0.00) were detected in juvenile survival. The lack of strong inbreeding depression in direct measures of fitness could be due to a founder effect or because there were no outbred individuals for comparison. Our results highlight the variable expression of inbreeding depression across traits and the need to measure a number of different traits when evaluating inbreeding depression in a wild population. C1 [Brzeski, Kristin E.; Taylor, Sabrina S.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brzeski, Kristin E.; Taylor, Sabrina S.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rabon, David R., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Wolf Recovery Program, Manteo, NC 27954 USA. [Chamberlain, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Brzeski, KE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kbrzes1@lsu.edu FU Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Committee grant; Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; USFWS FX We sincerely thank the USFWS Red Wolf Recovery Program for access to the pedigree and field data necessary for this research. We also thank Will Waddell for assistance with pedigree analyses, Rebecca Harrison and Arthur Beyer for assistance with data collation, and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. Financial support was provided by The Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Committee grant, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, and the USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 104 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 17 U2 202 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 23 IS 17 BP 4241 EP 4255 DI 10.1111/mec.12871 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AO2SN UT WOS:000341176200008 PM 25060763 ER PT J AU Nelson, J He, RY Warner, JC Bane, J AF Nelson, Jill He, Ruoying Warner, John C. Bane, John TI Air-sea interactions during strong winter extratropical storms SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Coupled modeling; Winter extratropical cyclones; East coast winter storms; Air/sea interaction; Gulf Stream; USA/east coast ID COAWST MODELING SYSTEM; GULF-STREAM; WAVE; CLIMATOLOGY; COAST; OUTBREAKS; SURFACE AB A high-resolution, regional coupled atmosphere-ocean model is used to investigate strong air-sea interactions during a rapidly developing extratropical cyclone (ETC) off the east coast of the USA. In this two-way coupled system, surface momentum and heat fluxes derived from the Weather Research and Forecasting model and sea surface temperature (SST) from the Regional Ocean Modeling System are exchanged via the Model Coupling Toolkit. Comparisons are made between the modeled and observed wind velocity, sea level pressure, 10 m air temperature, and sea surface temperature time series, as well as a comparison between the model and one glider transect. Vertical profiles of modeled air temperature and winds in the marine atmospheric boundary layer and temperature variations in the upper ocean during a 3-day storm period are examined at various cross-shelf transects along the eastern seaboard. It is found that the air-sea interactions near the Gulf Stream are important for generating and sustaining the ETC. In particular, locally enhanced winds over a warm sea (relative to the land temperature) induce large surface heat fluxes which cool the upper ocean by up to 2 A degrees C, mainly during the cold air outbreak period after the storm passage. Detailed heat budget analyses show the ocean-to-atmosphere heat flux dominates the upper ocean heat content variations. Results clearly show that dynamic air-sea interactions affecting momentum and buoyancy flux exchanges in ETCs need to be resolved accurately in a coupled atmosphere-ocean modeling framework. C1 [Nelson, Jill; He, Ruoying] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bane, John] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP He, RY (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rhe@ncsu.edu FU USGS; NSF [OCE-0927470]; ONR [N00014-06-1-0739]; NASA [NNX10AU06G, NNX12AP84G, NNX13AD80G] FX We are grateful to the funding support provided by USGS Coastal Process project, NSF grant OCE-0927470, and ONR grant N00014-06-1-0739, and NASA grants NNX10AU06G, NNX12AP84G, and NNX13AD80G. Dr. Z. Yao's help in setting up the ocean model and J. Warrilow's editorial assistance are appreciated. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1233 EP 1246 DI 10.1007/s10236-014-0745-2 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN5GS UT WOS:000340619300001 ER PT J AU Hiltbrunner, E Aerts, R Buhlmann, T Huss-Danell, K Magnusson, B Myrold, DD Reed, SC Sigurdsson, BD Korner, C AF Hiltbrunner, Erika Aerts, Rien Buhlmann, Tobias Huss-Danell, Kerstin Magnusson, Borgthor Myrold, David D. Reed, Sasha C. Sigurdsson, Bjarni D. Korner, Christian TI Ecological consequences of the expansion of N-2-fixing plants in cold biomes SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE Alnus; Biodiversity; Carbon; Invasive; Lupinus; Nitrogen ID NET ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN; SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; RED ALDER; DOUGLAS-FIR; SOIL CARBON; GREEN ALDER; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; TEMPERATE FORESTS AB Research in warm-climate biomes has shown that invasion by symbiotic dinitrogen (N-2)-fixing plants can transform ecosystems in ways analogous to the transformations observed as a consequence of anthropogenic, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition: declines in biodiversity, soil acidification, and alterations to carbon and nutrient cycling, including increased N losses through nitrate leaching and emissions of the powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Here, we used literature review and case study approaches to assess the evidence for similar transformations in cold-climate ecosystems of the boreal, subarctic and upper montane-temperate life zones. Our assessment focuses on the plant genera Lupinus and Alnus, which have become invasive largely as a consequence of deliberate introductions and/or reduced land management. These cold biomes are commonly located in remote areas with low anthropogenic N inputs, and the environmental impacts of N-2-fixer invasion appear to be as severe as those from anthropogenic N deposition in highly N polluted areas. Hence, inputs of N from N-2 fixation can affect ecosystems as dramatically or even more strongly than N inputs from atmospheric deposition, and biomes in cold climates represent no exception with regard to the risk of being invaded by N-2-fixing species. In particular, the cold biomes studied here show both a strong potential to be transformed by N-2-fixing plants and a rapid subsequent saturation in the ecosystem's capacity to retain N. Therefore, analogous to increases in N deposition, N-2-fixing plant invasions must be deemed significant threats to biodiversity and to environmental quality. C1 [Hiltbrunner, Erika; Buhlmann, Tobias; Korner, Christian] Univ Basel, Inst Bot, Dept Environm Sci, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Aerts, Rien] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Ecol Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Huss-Danell, Kerstin] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Agr Res Northern Sweden, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Magnusson, Borgthor] Iceland Inst Nat Hist, IS-212 Garoabaer, Iceland. [Myrold, David D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Sigurdsson, Bjarni D.] Agr Univ Iceland, IS-311 Hvanneyri, Borgarnes, Iceland. RP Hiltbrunner, E (reprint author), Univ Basel, Inst Bot, Dept Environm Sci, Schonbeinstr 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM erika.hiltbrunner@unibas.ch RI Korner, Christian/B-6592-2014; Myrold, David/E-1813-2011 OI Myrold, David/0000-0001-6418-226X FU European Science Foundation; project VALUrsern [CR30I3-124809/1] FX This article synthesizes and expands the results from a workshop on 'N-fixing plant invasion into cold climates' which was held in the Swiss central Alps in September 2012 as part of the ClimMani research network activity under European Science Foundation (ESF). We are grateful to all participants of this workshop for the valuable discussions and contributions. We greatly acknowledge the generous funding for the workshop from the European Science Foundation, and funding received by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project VALUrsern, CR30I3-124809/1) and Mercator Foundation Switzerland for advancing this topic. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 144 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 14 U2 129 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-2991-x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6CA UT WOS:000340680100002 PM 24938834 ER PT J AU Budy, P Luecke, C AF Budy, Phaedra Luecke, Chris TI Understanding how lake populations of arctic char are structured and function with special consideration of the potential effects of climate change: a multi-faceted approach SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Temperature; Physiology; Bioenergetics; Food limitation; Fish growth ID SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L.; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LIFE-HISTORY; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; WINTER MORTALITY; FISH POPULATIONS; MARKED ANIMALS; FOOD WEBS; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB Size dimorphism in fish populations, both its causes and consequences, has been an area of considerable focus; however, uncertainty remains whether size dimorphism is dynamic or stabilizing and about the role of exogenous factors. Here, we explored patterns among empirical vital rates, population structure, abundance and trend, and predicted the effects of climate change on populations of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in two lakes. Both populations cycle dramatically between dominance by small (a parts per thousand currency sign300 mm) and large (> 300 mm) char. Apparent survival (I broken vertical bar) and specific growth rates (SGR) were relatively high (40-96 %; SGR range 0.03-1.5 %) and comparable to those of conspecifics at lower latitudes. Climate change scenarios mimicked observed patterns of warming and resulted in temperatures closer to optimal for char growth (15.15 A degrees C) and a longer growing season. An increase in consumption rates (28-34 %) under climate change scenarios led to much greater growth rates (23-34 %). Higher growth rates predicted under climate change resulted in an even greater predicted amplitude of cycles in population structure as well as an increase in reproductive output (R (o)) and decrease in generation time (G (o)). Collectively, these results indicate arctic char populations (not just individuals) are extremely sensitive to small changes in the number of ice-free days. We hypothesize years with a longer growing season, predicted to occur more often under climate change, produce elevated growth rates of small char and act in a manner similar to a "resource pulse," allowing a sub-set of small char to "break through," thus setting the cycle in population structure. C1 [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra; Luecke, Chris] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Luecke, Chris] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF); DEB Long Term Ecological Research [DEB 1026843]; Toolik Field Station; US Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Ecology Center at Utah State University (USU); USU IACUC [1539] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant, DEB Long Term Ecological Research (DEB 1026843) and by the Toolik Field Station, managed by the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks with cooperative agreement support from the Division of Arctic Sciences of the Office of Polar Programs at NSF. Additional support was provided by the US Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind) and The Ecology Center at Utah State University (USU). R. Al-Chokhachy, N. Bouwes, S. Klobucar, and B. Roper all provided assistance in the field, and G. P. Thiede provided extensive logistical support. Brett Roper, Brian Laub, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism on previous drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of the USU IACUC protocol number 1539. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-2993-8 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6CA UT WOS:000340680100007 PM 24969617 ER PT J AU Davenport, JM Hossack, BR Lowe, WH AF Davenport, Jon M. Hossack, Blake R. Lowe, Winsor H. TI Partitioning the non-consumptive effects of predators on prey with complex life histories SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Growth-predation risk; Invertebrate; Meta-analysis; Metamorphosis ID RISK TRADE-OFF; GROWTH-RATE; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; LIMITED PREDATION; TIME CONSTRAINTS; TEMPORARY PONDS; BODY SIZE; FOOD-WEB; LARVAL; METAMORPHOSIS AB Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators on prey can be as strong as consumptive effects (CEs) and may be driven by numerous mechanisms, including predator characteristics. Previous work has highlighted the importance of predator characteristics in predicting NCEs, but has not addressed how complex life histories of prey could mediate predator NCEs. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the effects of predator gape limitation (gape limited or not) and hunting mode (active or sit-and-pursue) on the activity, larval period, and size at metamorphosis of larval aquatic amphibians and invertebrates. Larval prey tended to reduce their activity and require more time to reach metamorphosis in the presence of all predator functional groups, but the responses did not differ from zero. Prey metamorphosed at smaller size in response to non-gape-limited, active predators, but counter to expectations, prey metamorphosed larger when confronted by non-gape-limited, sit-and-pursue predators. These results indicate NCEs on larval prey life history can be strongly influenced by predator functional characteristics. More broadly, our results suggest that understanding predator NCEs would benefit from greater consideration of how prey life history attributes mediate population and community-level outcomes. C1 [Davenport, Jon M.; Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Davenport, JM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jon.davenport@mso.umt.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1050459]; USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX Comments by C. Hickman, S. Kohler, E. Grant, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. We thank D. Affleck for statistical advice. Financial support was provided by a National Science Foundation grant (DEB-1050459) to W. Lowe. B. Hossack was supported by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. This manuscript is ARMI product no. 475. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 1 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-2996-5 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6CA UT WOS:000340680100013 PM 24965938 ER PT J AU Jordan, TH Marzocchi, W Michael, AJ Gerstenberger, MC AF Jordan, T. H. Marzocchi, W. Michael, A. J. Gerstenberger, M. C. TI Operational Earthquake Forecasting Can Enhance Earthquake Preparedness SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TIME C1 [Jordan, T. H.] Univ So Calif, Southern Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Marzocchi, W.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Michael, A. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gerstenberger, M. C.] GNS Sci, Wellington 5040, New Zealand. RP Jordan, TH (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Southern Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM tjordan@usc.edu; warner.marzocchi@ingv.it; michael@usgs.gov; m.gerstenberger@gns.cri.nz RI Marzocchi, Warner/J-9299-2012; Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010 OI Marzocchi, Warner/0000-0002-9114-1516; Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 5 BP 955 EP 959 DI 10.1785/0220140143 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO3YU UT WOS:000341274200001 ER PT J AU Mooney, WD Wang, HL AF Mooney, Walter D. Wang, Honglei TI Seismic Intensities, PGA, and PGV for the 20 April 2013, M-W 6.6 Lushan, China, Earthquake, and a Comparison with North America SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENTAL GROUND MOTION; FELT INTENSITY; LONGMEN SHAN; 7.9 WENCHUAN; SICHUAN; CALIFORNIA; RELOCATION C1 [Mooney, Walter D.; Wang, Honglei] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wang, Honglei] Hebei Earthquake Adm, Shijiazhuang 050021, Peoples R China. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mooney@usgs.gov FU China Scholarship Council; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Program FX We thank the China Strong Motion Networks Center for providing strong-motion data. This work was supported in part by the China Scholarship Council and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Program. Guanghui Zhao helped during the field research and Chris Stephens at the USGS processed the strong-motion records. Review comments by Junju Xie, Chris Cramer, David M. Boore, Zhigang Peng, and an anonymous reviewer are greatly appreciated. Both authors contributed equally to the field work, data analysis, and manuscript preparation. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1034 EP 1042 DI 10.1785/0220140001 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO3YU UT WOS:000341274200010 ER PT J AU Carroll, W Snodgrass, JW Szlavecz, K Landa, ER Casey, RE Lev, SM AF Carroll, Whitney Snodgrass, Joel W. Szlavecz, Katalin Landa, Edward R. Casey, Ryan E. Lev, Steven M. TI The effect of earthworms on roadway-derived Zn deposited as a surface layer in storm water retention basin soils SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Earthworms; Stormwater retention basin; Roadways; Zinc; Weathering ID STREET DUST SAMPLES; LUMBRICUS-RUBELLUS; ZINC; LEAD; CADMIUM; COPPER; CU; FRACTIONATION; BIORETENTION; ACCUMULATION AB Increased urban development, including an increase in impervious surfaces has the potential to alter the biogeochemistry of surface systems due to storm water runoff contaminated with potentially toxic trace metals (e.g. Zn, Cu and Pb). A major source for urban metals is dust that accumulates on roadways. This roadway dust is derived from vehicle wear sources and tends to be enriched in trace metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni and Cr. This continuous source is then being transported via storm water runoff to receiving systems, such as storm water retention systems, which become important focusing environments for trace metal deposition. The fate of these roadway derived metals and their bioavailability once deposited in these urban ecosystems is not well understood. In this investigation we tested the hypothesis that the distribution and form of surface deposited roadway-derived Zn is a function of earthworm processes and is species dependent. The results of this investigation indicate that roadway dust derived Zn deposited as a surface layer on urban soils is readily removed from the surface in less than 30 days whether earthworms are present or not. However, after 90 days, the presence of earthworms and the life habit of the earthworm species present was found to have a significant impact on the physical and chemical cycling of roadway derived trace metals in storm water retention basin soils. C1 [Carroll, Whitney; Snodgrass, Joel W.; Casey, Ryan E.; Lev, Steven M.] Towson Univ, Urban Biogeochem Lab, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Szlavecz, Katalin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Natl Res Program, Reston, VA USA. RP Lev, SM (reprint author), Towson Univ, Urban Biogeochem Lab, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM slev@towson.edu RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016; OI Casey, Ryan/0000-0001-9894-914X; Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298 FU Towson University; US Geological Survey; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center FX The authors would like to thank the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center and Dr. Allen Davis from the University of Maryland, College Park for their support with this project and access to the field sites. Towson University and the US Geological Survey supplied funding to support this project. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1083-8155 EI 1573-1642 J9 URBAN ECOSYST JI Urban Ecosyst. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 17 IS 3 BP 825 EP 838 DI 10.1007/s11252-014-0355-2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Urban Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA AO1RG UT WOS:000341090700013 ER PT J AU Lasier, PJ Urich, ML AF Lasier, Peter J. Urich, Matthew L. TI A Simple Control for Sediment-Toxicity Exposures Using the Amphipod, Hyalella azteca SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sediment toxicity; Hyalella azteca; Control sediment; Organic amendment; Supplemental feeding ID BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; WATER; TESTS AB Sediment-toxicity exposures comparing survival and growth of the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca, are often components of aquatic-habitat assessments. Standardized exposure methods have been established and require evaluations for quality assurance. Test acceptability using performance-based criteria can be determined from exposures to control sediments, which are collected from the environment or formulated from commercially available components. Amending sand with leached alfalfa solids provided a simple formulated sediment that elicited consistently acceptable survival and growth in 28-day exposures with and without a daily feeding regime. A procedure is described for preparing the sediment along with results from comparisons among sand, amended sand, and field-collected sediments that incorporated three feeding regimes. C1 [Lasier, Peter J.; Urich, Matthew L.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lasier, PJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM plasier@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 93 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s00128-014-1329-z PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AN3NL UT WOS:000340495100002 PM 25015186 ER PT J AU Julian, SE Bartron, ML Kalie, JA AF Julian, Shannon E. Bartron, Meredith L. Kalie, Jeffrey A. TI Tri- and tetra-nucleotide microsatellite DNA markers for the rayed bean freshwater mussel (Villosa fabalis) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; Freshwater mussel; Rayed bean; Villosa fabalis; Genetics AB Freshwater mussels are one of North America's most imperiled species, and genetic characterization of these species is essential for recovery planning. The rayed bean (Villosa fabalis) is a small freshwater mussel found in the eastern United States currently listed as endangered. Fifteen microsatellite loci were identified and characterized in sixteen V. fabalis individuals. The number of alleles per locus observed ranged from 3 to 14 and averaged 7.9 alleles per locus. Average observed heterozygosity was 72.8 %. These markers should be useful for V. fabalis population analyses and restoration or recovery programs. C1 [Julian, Shannon E.; Bartron, Meredith L.; Kalie, Jeffrey A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Julian, SE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, 227 Washington Ave,POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM shannon_julian@fws.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 6 IS 3 BP 613 EP 615 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0153-4 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AN2HJ UT WOS:000340404900030 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, RP Drost, CA Mock, KE AF O'Donnell, Ryan P. Drost, Charles A. Mock, Karen E. TI Development and characterization of 12 microsatellite markers for the Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana), a threatened species endemic to the Channel Islands, California, USA SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Island Night Lizard; Xantusia riversiana; Microsatellite loci; Microsatellite primers; Population genetics AB The Island Night Lizard is a federally threatened species endemic to the Channel Islands of California. Twelve microsatellite loci were developed for use in this species and screened in 197 individuals from across San Nicolas Island, California. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 21. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.520 to 0.843. These microsatellite loci will be used to investigate population structure, effective population size, and gene flow across the island, to inform protection and management of this species. C1 [O'Donnell, Ryan P.; Drost, Charles A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mock, Karen E.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP O'Donnell, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM Ryan.ODonnell@aggiemail.usu.edu RI Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011 FU United States Navy; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Navy and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Martin Ruane and Grace Smith of Naval Base Ventura County for assistance with all aspects of the work, and Gary Fellers, Pat Kleeman, and Brian Halstead (USGS) for assistance with fieldwork. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 6 IS 3 BP 699 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0189-5 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AN2HJ UT WOS:000340404900054 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Wilson, RE Underwood, JG AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Wilson, Robert E. Underwood, Jared G. TI Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the Hawaiian coot, Fulica alai, and Hawaiian gallinule, Gallinula galeata sandvicensis, through next-generation sequencing SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Fulica alai; Gallinula galeata sandvicensis; Genetic diversity; Hawaiian coot; Hawaiian gallinule; Microsatellite; Next generation sequencing AB We used next generation shotgun sequencing to develop novel microsatellite markers for two endangered waterbirds; the Hawaiian coot (Fulica alai) and Hawaiian gallinule (Gallinula galeata sandvicensis). The 20 loci polymorphic in the Hawaiian coot displayed moderate allelic diversity (average 3.8 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 59.5 %). The 12 loci variable for the Hawaiian gallinule exhibited lower levels of allelic diversity (average 2.4 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 47.5 %). Loci were in linkage equilibrium and only one locus deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These loci are sufficiently variable to assess levels of genetic diversity and will be useful for conservation genetic studies to aid in the management of these endangered waterbirds. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Wilson, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wilson, Robert E.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Underwood, Jared G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center FX Support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 6 IS 3 BP 765 EP 767 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0210-z PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AN2HJ UT WOS:000340404900073 ER PT J AU Prouty, NG Storlazzi, CD McCutcheon, AL Jenson, JW AF Prouty, Nancy G. Storlazzi, Curt D. McCutcheon, Amanda L. Jenson, John W. TI Historic impact of watershed change and sedimentation to reefs along west-central Guam SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Coral reefs; Geochemistry; Terrestrial sedimentation; Land-use change ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MASSIVE CORAL SKELETONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; LUMINESCENT LINES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; RIVER RUNOFF; RED-SEA; RECORDS; PACIFIC; PORITES AB Using coral growth parameters (extension, density, calcification rates, and luminescence) and geochemical measurements (barium to calcium rations; Ba/Ca) from coral cores collected in west-central Guam, we provide a historic perspective on sediment input to coral reefs adjacent to the Piti-Asan watershed. The months of August through December are dominated by increased coral Ba/Ca values, corresponding to the rainy season. With river water enriched in barium related to nearshore seawater, coral Ba/Ca ratios are presented as a proxy for input of fine-grained terrigenous sediment to the nearshore environment. The century-long Ba/Ca coral record indicates that the Asan fore reef is within the zone of impact from discharged sediments transported from the Piti-Asan watershed and has experienced increased terrestrial sedimentation since the 1940s. This abrupt shift in sedimentation occurred at the same time as both the sudden denudation of the landscape by military ordinance and the immediate subsequent development of the Asan area through the end of the war, from 1944 through 1945. In response to rapid input of sediment, as determined from coral Ba/Ca values, coral growth rates were reduced for almost two decades, while calcification rates recovered much more quickly. Furthermore, coral luminescence is decoupled from the Ba/Ca record, which is consistent with degradation of soil organic matter through disturbance by forest fires, suggesting a potential index of fire history and degradation of soil organic matter. These patterns were not seen in the cores from nearby reefs associated with watersheds that have not undergone the same degree of landscape denudation. Taken together, these records provide a valuable tool for understanding the compounding effects of land-use change on coral reef health. C1 [Prouty, Nancy G.; Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [McCutcheon, Amanda L.; Jenson, John W.] Univ Guam, Water & Environm Res Inst Western Pacific, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. [McCutcheon, Amanda L.] US Natl Pk Serv War Pacific Natl Hist Pk, Hagatna, GU 96910 USA. RP Prouty, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM nprouty@usgs.gov FU USGS's Coastal and Marine Geology Program through the Pacific Coral Reef Project; NPS; University of Guam FX This study was funded by the USGS's Coastal and Marine Geology Program through the Pacific Coral Reef Project and NPS as well as funding from the University of Guam. The authors thank Josh Logan and Olivia Cheriton (USGS), Justin Mills and Mike Gawel (NPS-WAPA) for field support, Richard Randall (U. Guam) for guidance, Kathryn Rose and Anne Cohen (WHOI) for CT analysis and interpretation, Les Kinsley (ANU) for geochemical analysis, and Janice Lough and Eric Matson (AIMS) for luminescence analysis, and James Farley (NPS-WAPA) and Shahram Khosrowpanah (U. Guam) for helpful discussion. This manuscript was improved by comments by Olivia Cheriton (USGS) and two anonymous external reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposed only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 97 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 733 EP 749 DI 10.1007/s00338-014-1166-x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2DZ UT WOS:000340395300019 ER PT J AU Jachowski, DS Dobony, CA Coleman, LS Ford, WM Britzke, ER Rodrigue, JL AF Jachowski, David S. Dobony, Chris A. Coleman, Laci S. Ford, William M. Britzke, Eric R. Rodrigue, Jane L. TI Disease and community structure: white-nose syndrome alters spatial and temporal niche partitioning in sympatric bat species SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Community structure; disease; Myotis; niche partitioning; spatial niche partitioning; temporal niche partitioning; white-nose syndrome ID ENDANGERED INDIANA BAT; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; HABITAT USE; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; SOCIAL CALLS; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; LASIURUS-CINEREUS; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS AB Aim Emerging infectious diseases present a major perturbation with apparent direct effects such as reduced population density, extirpation and/or extinction. Comparatively less is known about the potential indirect effects of disease that likely alter community structure and larger ecosystem function. Since 2006, white-nose syndrome (WNS) has resulted in the loss of over 6 million hibernating bats in eastern North America. Considerable evidence exists concerning niche partitioning in sympatric bat species in this region, and the unprecedented, rapid decline in multiple species following WNS may provide an opportunity to observe a dramatic restructuring of the bat community. Location We conducted our study at Fort Drum Army Installation in Jefferson and Lewis counties, New York, USA, where WNS first impacted extant bat species in winter 2007-2008. Methods Acoustical monitoring during 2003-2011 allowed us to test the hypothesis that spatial and temporal niche partitioning by bats was relaxed post-WNS. Results We detected nine bat species pre-and post-WNS. Activity for most bat species declined post-WNS. Dramatic post-WNS declines in activity of little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus, MYLU), formerly the most abundant bat species in the region, were associated with complex, often species-specific responses by other species that generally favoured increased spatial and temporal overlap with MYLU. Main conclusions In addition to the obvious direct effects of disease on bat populations and activity levels, our results provide evidence that disease can have cascading indirect effects on community structure. Recent occurrence of WNS in North America, combined with multiple existing stressors, is resulting in dramatic shifts in temporal and spatial niche partitioning within bat communities. These changes might influence long-term population viability of some bat species as well as broader scale ecosystem structure and function. C1 [Jachowski, David S.; Coleman, Laci S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dobony, Chris A.] IMNE DRM PWE, Ft Drum Mil Installat, Nat Resources Branch, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. [Ford, William M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Britzke, Eric R.] US Army Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Rodrigue, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Jachowski, DS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM djachowski@gmail.com FU Department of the Army, Fort Drum; U.S. Army Engineer and Research Development Center; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Program FX We thank R. Rainbolt for assistance throughout this project. This work was funded by financial and in-kind contributions of the Department of the Army, Fort Drum, the U.S. Army Engineer and Research Development Center, the U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Program. NR 96 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 124 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1002 EP 1015 DI 10.1111/ddi.12192 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN2OX UT WOS:000340426300002 ER PT J AU Pausas, JG Keeley, JE AF Pausas, Juli G. Keeley, Jon E. TI Abrupt Climate-Independent Fire Regime Changes SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fire regime changes; abrupt changes; land-use changes; fire-grazing; invasive-fire cycle; socio-economic changes ID NORTH-AMERICA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; GREATER YELLOWSTONE; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; PRESCRIBED FIRE; UNITED-STATES; WESTERN USA; CROWN FIRE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Wildfires have played a determining role in distribution, composition and structure of many ecosystems worldwide and climatic changes are widely considered to be a major driver of future fire regime changes. However, forecasting future climatic change induced impacts on fire regimes will require a clearer understanding of other drivers of abrupt fire regime changes. Here, we focus on evidence from different environmental and temporal settings of fire regimes changes that are not directly attributed to climatic changes. We review key cases of these abrupt fire regime changes at different spatial and temporal scales, including those directly driven (i) by fauna, (ii) by invasive plant species, and (iii) by socio-economic and policy changes. All these drivers might generate non-linear effects of landscape changes in fuel structure; that is, they generate fuel changes that can cross thresholds of landscape continuity, and thus drastically change fire activity. Although climatic changes might contribute to some of these changes, there are also many instances that are not primarily linked to climatic shifts. Understanding the mechanism driving fire regime changes should contribute to our ability to better assess future fire regimes. C1 [Pausas, Juli G.] CIDE CSIC, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Pausas, JG (reprint author), CIDE CSIC, Ctra Naquera Km 4-5 IVIA, Valencia 46113, Spain. EM juli.g.pausas@uv.es RI Pausas, Juli/C-5794-2008 OI Pausas, Juli/0000-0003-3533-5786 FU Spanish government [CGL2009-12048/BOS, CGL2012-39938-C02-01] FX This work has been performed under the framework of the VIRRA and TREVOL projects (CGL2009-12048/BOS, CGL2012-39938-C02-01) from the Spanish government. CIDE (Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion; Desertification Research Center) is a joint institute of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), the University of Valencia and Generalitat Valenciana. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government NR 83 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 92 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2014 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1109 EP 1120 DI 10.1007/s10021-014-9773-5 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN4JU UT WOS:000340554700013 ER PT J AU Hanson, KC Peterson, D AF Hanson, Kyle C. Peterson, Douglas P. TI Modeling the Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Pacific Salmon Culture Programs: An Example at Winthrop National Fish Hatchery SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability assessment; Salmon; Hatchery; Thermal stress; Hydrology ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WATER-RESOURCES; MALE MATURATION; HEAT WAVES; TEMPERATURE; 21ST-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; RESPONSES AB Hatcheries have long been used in an attempt to mitigate for declines in wild stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), though the conservation benefit of hatcheries is a topic of ongoing debate. Irrespective of conservation benefits, a fundamental question is whether hatcheries will be able to function as they have in the past given anticipated future climate conditions. To begin to answer this question, we developed a deterministic modeling framework to evaluate how climate change may affect hatcheries that rear Pacific salmon. The framework considers the physiological tolerances for each species, incorporates a temperature-driven growth model, and uses two metrics commonly monitored by hatchery managers to determine the impacts of changes in water temperature and availability on hatchery rearing conditions. As a case study, we applied the model to the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Winthrop National Fish Hatchery. We projected that hatchery environmental conditions remained within the general physiological tolerances for Chinook salmon in the 2040s (assuming A1B greenhouse gas emissions scenario), but that warmer water temperatures in summer accelerated juvenile salmon growth. Increased growth during summer coincided with periods when water availability should also be lower, thus increasing the likelihood of physiological stress in juvenile salmon. The identification of these climate sensitivities led to a consideration of potential mitigation strategies such as chilling water, altering rations, or modifying rearing cycles. The framework can be refined with new information, but in its present form, it provides a consistent, repeatable method to assess the vulnerability of hatcheries to predicted climate change. C1 [Hanson, Kyle C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Appl Res Program Physiol & Nutr, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Appl Res Program Quantitat Ecol & Technol, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Appl Res Program Physiol & Nutr, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kyle_hanson@fws.gov NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 54 IS 3 BP 433 EP 448 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0302-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN4DP UT WOS:000340538100005 PM 24993792 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Schultz, RD AF Quist, Michael C. Schultz, Randall D. TI Effects of Management Legacies on Stream Fish and Aquatic Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological assessment; Management legacy; Assemblage structure; Iowa; Agriculture ID AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; GRADE-CONTROL STRUCTURES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; GREAT-PLAINS STREAM; LAND-USE LEGACIES; FINE SEDIMENT; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; APPALACHIAN STREAMS; RIVER RESTORATION; INSTREAM HABITAT AB Fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages often provide insight on ecological conditions for guiding management actions. Unfortunately, land use and management legacies can constrain the structure of biotic communities such that they fail to reflect habitat quality. The purpose of this study was to describe patterns in fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage structure, and evaluate relationships between biota and habitat characteristics in the Chariton River system of south-central Iowa, a system likely influenced by various potential management legacies (e.g., dams, chemical removal of fishes). We sampled fishes, benthic macroinvertebrates, and physical habitat from a total of 38 stream reaches in the Chariton River watershed during 2002-2005. Fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by generalist species tolerant of poor habitat quality; assemblages failed to show any apparent patterns with regard to stream size or longitudinal location within the watershed. Metrics used to summarize fish assemblages and populations [e.g., presence-absence, relative abundance, Index of Biotic Integrity for fish (IBIF)] were not related to habitat characteristics, except that catch rates of piscivores were positively related to the depth and the amount of large wood. In contrast, family richness of benthic macroinvertebrates, richness of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Plecoptera taxa, and IBI values for benthic macroinvertebrates (IBIBM) were positively correlated with the amount of overhanging vegetation and inversely related to the percentage of fine substrate. A long history of habitat alteration by row-crop agriculture and management legacies associated with reservoir construction has likely resulted in a fish assemblage dominated by tolerant species. Intolerant and sensitive fish species have not recolonized streams due to downstream movement barriers (i.e., dams). In contrast, aquatic insect assemblages reflected aquatic habitat, particularly the amount of overhanging vegetation and fine sediment. This research illustrates the importance of using multiple taxa for biological assessments and the need to consider management legacies when investigating responses to management and conservation actions. C1 [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Schultz, Randall D.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Chariton, IA 50049 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mcquist@uidaho.edu FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank B. Dodd for assistance with data collection. We thank A. Roy, J. Walrath, and three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 102 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 54 IS 3 BP 449 EP 464 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0309-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN4DP UT WOS:000340538100006 PM 24981272 ER PT J AU Perles, SJ Wagner, T Irwin, BJ Manning, DR Callahan, KK Marshall, MR AF Perles, Stephanie J. Wagner, Tyler Irwin, Brian J. Manning, Douglas R. Callahan, Kristina K. Marshall, Matthew R. TI Evaluation of a Regional Monitoring Program's Statistical Power to Detect Temporal Trends in Forest Health Indicators SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Monitoring; Trend detection; Sampling design; Forest health indicators; Variance components ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NATURAL-RESOURCES; ECONOMIC COSTS; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; PLANTS; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; COMPONENTS AB Forests are socioeconomically and ecologically important ecosystems that are exposed to a variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors. As such, monitoring forest condition and detecting temporal changes therein remain critical to sound public and private forestland management. The National Parks Service's Vital Signs monitoring program collects information on many forest health indicators, including species richness, cover by exotics, browse pressure, and forest regeneration. We applied a mixed-model approach to partition variability in data for 30 forest health indicators collected from several national parks in the eastern United States. We then used the estimated variance components in a simulation model to evaluate trend detection capabilities for each indicator. We investigated the extent to which the following factors affected ability to detect trends: (a) sample design: using simple panel versus connected panel design, (b) effect size: increasing trend magnitude, (c) sample size: varying the number of plots sampled each year, and (d) stratified sampling: post-stratifying plots into vegetation domains. Statistical power varied among indicators; however, indicators that measured the proportion of a total yielded higher power when compared to indicators that measured absolute or average values. In addition, the total variability for an indicator appeared to influence power to detect temporal trends more than how total variance was partitioned among spatial and temporal sources. Based on these analyses and the monitoring objectives of the Vital Signs program, the current sampling design is likely overly intensive for detecting a 5 % trend center dot year(-1) for all indicators and is appropriate for detecting a 1 % trend center dot year(-1) in most indicators. C1 [Perles, Stephanie J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Eastern Rivers & Mt Network, Natl Pk Serv, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Irwin, Brian J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Manning, Douglas R.; Callahan, Kristina K.; Marshall, Matthew R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Natl Pk Serv, Eastern Rivers & Mt Network, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Perles, SJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Eastern Rivers & Mt Network, Natl Pk Serv, 422 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Stephanie_perles@nps.gov FU National Park Service; US Geological Survey FX We would like to thank the park superintendents, resource managers, and staff who have provided valuable logistic support to the field crews and enabled this monitoring program to be implemented. We also thank the forest monitoring field crew members and botanists whose hard work collecting the data has made this research possible. We extend our thanks to Jim Comiskey, John Paul Schmit, Paul Roth, Leigh Ann Starcevich, and Iyob Tsehaye for providing constructive feedback on this manuscript. This research was funded by the National Park Service and the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 54 IS 3 BP 641 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0313-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN4DP UT WOS:000340538100020 PM 25028183 ER PT J AU Faust, DR Hooper, MJ Cobb, GP Barnes, M Shaver, D Ertolacci, S Smith, PN AF Faust, Derek R. Hooper, Michael J. Cobb, George P. Barnes, Melanie Shaver, Donna Ertolacci, Shauna Smith, Philip N. TI INORGANIC ELEMENTS IN GREEN SEA TURTLES (CHELONIA MYDAS): RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL TISSUES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Inorganic elements; Metals; Chelonia mydas; Sea turtles; Indicator ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; CROCODYLUS-MORELETII EGGS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CARETTA-CARETTA; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; HEAVY-METALS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANES AB Inorganic elements from anthropogenic sources have entered marine environments worldwide and are detectable in marine organisms, including sea turtles. Threatened and endangered classifications of sea turtles have heretofore made assessments of contaminant concentrations difficult because of regulatory restrictions on obtaining samples using nonlethal techniques. In the present study, claw and skin biopsy samples were examined as potential indicators of internal tissue burdens in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). Significant relationships were observed between claw and liver, and claw and muscle concentrations of mercury, nickel, arsenic, and selenium (p < 0.05). Similarly, significant relationships were observed between skin biopsy concentrations and those in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues for mercury, arsenic, selenium, and vanadium (p < 0.05). Concentrations of arsenic, barium, chromium, nickel, strontium, vanadium, and zinc in claws and skin biopsies were substantially elevated when compared with all other tissues, indicating that these highly keratinized tissues may represent sequestration or excretion pathways. Correlations between standard carapace length and cobalt, lead, and manganese concentrations were observed (p < 0.05), indicating that tissue concentrations of these elements may be related to age and size. Results suggest that claws may indeed be useful indicators of mercury and nickel concentrations in liver and muscle tissues, whereas skin biopsy inorganic element concentrations may be better suited as indicators of mercury, selenium, and vanadium concentrations in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues of green sea turtles. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Faust, Derek R.; Smith, Philip N.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hooper, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Cobb, George P.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Barnes, Melanie] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Shaver, Donna; Ertolacci, Shauna] Natl Pk Serv, Div Sea Turtle Sci & Recovery, Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Smith, PN (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM phil.smith@ttu.edu RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; OI Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2020 EP 2027 DI 10.1002/etc.2650 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AN4DI UT WOS:000340537400015 PM 24889685 ER PT J AU Farag, AM Harper, DD Skaar, D AF Farag, Aida M. Harper, David D. Skaar, Don TI IN SITU AND LABORATORY TOXICITY OF COALBED NATURAL GAS PRODUCED WATERS WITH ELEVATED SODIUM BICARBONATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE In situ bioassays; Acute; Fish; Age sensitivity; Mixing zone ID MAJOR COMPONENT; CADMIUM; STREAMS; ZINC AB Some tributaries in the Powder River Structural Basin, USA, were historically ephemeral, but now contain water year round as a result of discharge of coalbed natural gas (CBNG)-produced waters. This presented the opportunity to study field sites with 100% effluent water with elevated concentrations of sodium bicarbonate. In situ experiments, static renewal experiments performed simultaneously with in situ experiments, and static renewal experiments performed with site water in the laboratory demonstrated that CBNG-produced water reduces survival of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Age affected survival of fathead minnow, where fish 2 d posthatch (dph) were more sensitive than 6 dph fish, but pallid sturgeon survival was adversely affected at both 4 and 6 dph. This may have implications for acute assays that allow for the use of fish up to 14 dph. The survival of early lifestage fish is reduced significantly in the field when concentrations of NaHCO3 rise to more than 1500 mg/L (also expressed as > 1245 mg HCO3 (-)/L). Treatment with the Higgin's Loop technology and dilution of untreated water increased survival in the laboratory. The mixing zones of the 3 outfalls studied ranged from approximately 800m to 1200 m below the confluence. These experiments addressed the acute toxicity of effluent waters but did not address issues related to the volumes of water that may be added to the watershed. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Farag, Aida M.; Harper, David D.] US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Skaar, Don] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov FU US Bureau of Land Management; US Environmental Protection Agency FX Private landowners were gracious in allowing access to their property, especially J. Iberlin and T. Harriet, who allowed access repeatedly over the years. Fidelity Exploration and Production allowed access to their property during sample collection from their outflow. The field experiments could not have been conducted without the assistance of the Wyoming Game and Fish Department and Permitting Office, who worked beyond traditional business hours to complete the approval process. Mixing zone studies could not have been completed without T. Cleasby, US Geological Survey, who provided assistance in the field and with data interpretations. L. May, US Geological Survey, provided assistance with data quality assurance and table construction. Funds were provided by the US Bureau of Land Management and the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2086 EP 2093 DI 10.1002/etc.2658 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AN4DI UT WOS:000340537400023 PM 24909548 ER PT J AU Lacy, JR Gladding, S Brand, A Collignon, A Stacey, M AF Lacy, Jessica R. Gladding, Steve Brand, Andreas Collignon, Audric Stacey, Mark TI Lateral Baroclinic Forcing Enhances Sediment Transport from Shallows to Channel in an Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Estuarine hydrodynamics; Lateral circulation; Baroclinic forcing; Estuarine shallows; San Francisco Bay ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; SUSPENDED-SOLIDS CONCENTRATIONS; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM DYNAMICS; CALIFORNIA; CURRENTS; VARIABILITY; SALINITY; USA AB We investigate the dynamics governing exchange of sediment between estuarine shallows and the channel based on field measurements at eight stations spanning the interface between the channel and the extensive eastern shoals of South San Francisco Bay. The study site is characterized by longitudinally homogeneous bathymetry and a straight channel, with friction more important than the Coriolis forcing. Data were collected for 3 weeks in the winter and 4 weeks in the late summer of 2009, to capture a range of hydrologic and meteorologic conditions. The greatest sediment transport from shallows to channel occurred during a pair of strong, late-summer wind events, with westerly winds exceeding 10 m/s for more than 24 h. A combination of wind-driven barotropic return flow and lateral baroclinic circulation caused the transport. The lateral density gradient was produced by differences in temperature and suspended sediment concentration (SSC). During the wind events, SSC-induced vertical density stratification limited turbulent mixing at slack tides in the shallows, increasing the potential for two-layer exchange. The temperature- and SSC-induced lateral density gradient was comparable in strength to salinity-induced gradients in South Bay produced by seasonal freshwater inflows, but shorter in duration. In the absence of a lateral density gradient, suspended sediment flux at the channel slope was directed towards the shallows, both in winter and during summer sea breeze conditions, indicating the importance of baroclinically driven exchange to supply of sediment from the shallows to the channel in South San Francisco Bay and systems with similar bathymetry. C1 [Lacy, Jessica R.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gladding, Steve; Collignon, Audric; Stacey, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brand, Andreas] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol EAWAG, Dept Surface Waters, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. RP Lacy, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jlacy@usgs.gov; sgladding@gmail.com; Andreas.Brand@eawag.ch; acollignon@eng.ucsd.edu; mstacey@berkeley.edu OI Brand, Andreas/0000-0002-3046-037X FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0751970]; Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0751970) and the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the US Geological Survey. Thanks to Joanne Ferreira, Tim Elfers, Pete Dal Ferro, Jamie Grover, Rusty Holleman, Lissa MacVean, and Jim Christmann for assistance with field work, and to Dan Hoover for assistance in the laboratory. Theresa Fregoso prepared Fig. 1, and Angela Lam analyzed the bed sediment samples. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1058 EP 1077 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9748-3 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN3MR UT WOS:000340492800002 ER PT J AU Smith, CG Osterman, LE AF Smith, Christopher G. Osterman, Lisa E. TI An Evaluation of Temporal Changes in Sediment Accumulation and Impacts on Carbon Burial in Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Carbon remineralization; Sediment accumulation; Anthropogenic modifications; Natural disturbances; 2-G model; Lead-210 ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ESTUARINE-SYSTEM; PRESERVATION; TRANSPORT; PATTERNS; NITROGEN AB The estuarine environment can serve as either a source or sink of carbon relative to the coastal ocean carbon budget. A variety of time-dependent processes such as sedimentation, carbon supply, and productivity dictate how estuarine systems operate, and Mobile Bay is a system that has experienced both natural and anthropogenic perturbations that influenced depositional processes and carbon cycling. Sediments from eight box cores provide a record of change in bulk sediment accumulation and carbon burial over the past 110 years. Accumulation rates in the central part of the basin (0.09 g cm(-2)) were 60-80 % less than those observed at the head (0.361 g cm(-2)) and mouth (0.564 g cm(-2)) of the bay. Sediment accumulation in the central bay decreased during the past 90 years in response to both anthropogenic (causeway construction) and natural (tropical cyclones) perturbations. Sediment accumulation inevitably increased the residence time of organic carbon in the oxic zone, as observed in modeled remineralization rates, and reduced the overall carbon burial. Such observations highlight the critical balance among sediment accumulation, carbon remineralization, and carbon burial in dynamic coastal environments. Time-series analysis based solely on short-term observation would not capture the long-term effects of changes in sedimentation on carbon cycling. Identifying these relationships over longer timescales (multi-annual to decadal) will provide a far better evaluation of coastal ocean carbon budgets. C1 [Smith, Christopher G.; Osterman, Lisa E.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Smith, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cgsmith@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program, as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project FX The US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program provided funding for this research as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project. The authors would like to thank Caitlin Reynolds, Christopher Reich, Adis Muslic, Dan Umberger, Marci Marot, Scott Adams, and Kathryn Richwine of the USGS for their continued support in the lab and in the field. The manuscript benefited from as discussions with and suggestions made by Thomas J. Smith of the USGS and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1092 EP 1106 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9731-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN3MR UT WOS:000340492800004 ER PT J AU Ensign, SH Hupp, CR Noe, GB Krauss, KW Stagg, CL AF Ensign, Scott H. Hupp, Cliff R. Noe, Gregory B. Krauss, Ken W. Stagg, Camille L. TI Sediment Accretion in Tidal Freshwater Forests and Oligohaline Marshes of the Waccamaw and Savannah Rivers, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Tidal freshwater wetland; Tidal freshwater forested wetland; Tidal swamp; Tidal freshwater marsh; Sediment accretion; Sea level rise; River geomorphology; Coastal geomorphology ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; WETLAND; SALINITY; NITROGEN; ESTUARY; DEPOSITION AB Sediment accretion was measured at four sites in varying stages of forest-to-marsh succession along a fresh-to-oligohaline gradient on the Waccamaw River and its tributary Turkey Creek (Coastal Plain watersheds, South Carolina) and the Savannah River (Piedmont watershed, South Carolina and Georgia). Sites included tidal freshwater forests, moderately salt-impacted forests at the freshwater-oligohaline transition, highly salt-impacted forests, and oligohaline marshes. Sediment accretion was measured by use of feldspar marker pads for 2.5 year; accessory information on wetland inundation, canopy litterfall, herbaceous production, and soil characteristics were also collected. Sediment accretion ranged from 4.5 mm year(-1) at moderately salt-impacted forest on the Savannah River to 19.1 mm year(-1) at its relict, highly salt-impacted forest downstream. Oligohaline marsh sediment accretion was 1.5-2.5 times greater than in tidal freshwater forests. Overall, there was no significant difference in accretion rate between rivers with contrasting sediment loads. Accretion was significantly higher in hollows than on hummocks in tidal freshwater forests. Organic sediment accretion was similar to autochthonous litter production at all sites, but inorganic sediment constituted the majority of accretion at both marshes and the Savannah River highly salt-impacted forest. A strong correlation between inorganic sediment accumulation and autochthonous litter production indicated a positive feedback between herbaceous plant production and allochthonous sediment deposition. The similarity in rates of sediment accretion and sea level rise in tidal freshwater forests indicates that these habitats may become permanently inundated if the rate of sea level rise increases. C1 [Ensign, Scott H.; Hupp, Cliff R.; Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.; Stagg, Camille L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Ensign, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM scott@aquaco.us OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; Aquatic Analysis and Consulting, LLC FX We thank Jackie Batson, Ed Schenk, Nick Ostroski, Nicole Cormier, and Sara Ulrich for field and laboratory assistance. Support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program, the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, and Aquatic Analysis and Consulting, LLC. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1119 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9744-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN3MR UT WOS:000340492800005 ER PT J AU Kimmerer, WJ Thompson, JK AF Kimmerer, Wim J. Thompson, Janet K. TI Phytoplankton Growth Balanced by Clam and Zooplankton Grazing and Net Transport into the Low-Salinity Zone of the San Francisco Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Potamocorbula amurensis; Bivalve; Microzooplankton; Mixing diagram ID ZEBRA MUSSEL INVASION; CYCLOPOID COPEPOD; TEMPERATE ESTUARY; FEEDING BIVALVES; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; PELAGIC FISHES; BLOOM DYNAMICS; FOOD WEBS; BAY; RIVER AB We estimated the influence of planktonic and benthic grazing on phytoplankton in the strongly tidal, river-dominated northern San Francisco Estuary using data from an intensive study of the low salinity foodweb in 2006-2008 supplemented with long-term monitoring data. A drop in chlorophyll concentration in 1987 had previously been linked to grazing by the introduced clam Potamocorbula amurensis, but numerous changes in the estuary may be linked to the continued low chlorophyll. We asked whether phytoplankton continued to be suppressed by grazing and what proportion of the grazing was by benthic bivalves. A mass balance of phytoplankton biomass included estimates of primary production and grazing by microzooplankton, mesozooplankton, and clams. Grazing persistently exceeded net phytoplankton growth especially for larger cells, and grazing by microzooplankton often exceeded that by clams. A subsidy of phytoplankton from other regions roughly balanced the excess of grazing over growth. Thus, the influence of bivalve grazing on phytoplankton biomass can be understood only in the context of limits on phytoplankton growth, total grazing, and transport. C1 [Kimmerer, Wim J.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Thompson, Janet K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kimmerer, WJ (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM kimmerer@sfsu.edu; jthompso@usgs.gov FU CALFED Bay-Delta Science Program [SCI-05-C107]; U.S Geological Survey PES/TOXICS/NRP Programs FX We thank F. Parchaso, M. Shouse, H. Peterson, A. Kleckner, A. Gould, V. Greene, U. Lidstrom, T. Ignoffo, and A. Slaughter for assistance in the field and the laboratory and D. Bell and D. Morgan for vessel and logistic support. J. York provided help in the field and the data for microzooplankton grazing rates. Thanks to K. Gehrts and D. Messer of the California Department of Water Resources for giving us access to EMP benthic samples. M. Weaver, D. Strayer, and L. Brown provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the CALFED Bay-Delta Science Program under grant SCI-05-C107 and by the U.S Geological Survey PES/TOXICS/NRP Programs. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1202 EP 1218 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9753-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN3MR UT WOS:000340492800011 ER PT J AU Pickens, BA King, SL AF Pickens, Bradley A. King, Sammy L. TI Multiscale Habitat Selection of Wetland Birds in the Northern Gulf Coast SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Drawdown; Marsh birds; Marsh management; Rallidae; Spatial scale; Water depth ID ESTUARINE SALINITY GRADIENTS; STRUCTURAL MARSH MANAGEMENT; CHENIER PLAIN; KING RAILS; LANDSCAPE; USA; ECOLOGY; MISSISSIPPI; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE AB The spatial scale of habitat selection has become a prominent concept in ecology, but has received less attention in coastal ecology. In coastal marshes, broad-scale marsh types are defined by vegetation composition over thousands of hectares, water-level management is applied over hundreds of hectares, and fine-scale habitat is depicted by tens of meters. Individually, these scales are known to affect wetland fauna, but studies have not examined all three spatial scales simultaneously. We investigated wetland bird habitat selection at the three scales and compared single- and multiscale models. From 2009 to 2011, we surveyed marsh birds (i.e., Rallidae, bitterns, grebes), shorebirds, and wading birds in fresh and intermediate (oligohaline) coastal marsh in Louisiana and Texas, USA. Within each year, six repeated surveys of wintering, resident, and migratory breeding birds were conducted at > 100 points (n = 304). The results revealed fine-scale factors, primarily water depth, were consistently better predictors than marsh type or management. However, 10 of 11 species had improved models with the three scales combined. Birds with a linear association with water depth were, correspondingly, most abundant with deeper fresh marsh and permanently impounded water. Conversely, intermediate marsh had a greater abundance of shallow water species, such as king rail Rallus elegans, least bittern Ixobrychus exilis, and sora Porzana carolina. These birds had quadratic relationships with water depth or no relationship. Overall, coastal birds were influenced by multiple scales corresponding with hydrological characteristics. The effects suggest the timing of drawdowns and interannual variability in spring water levels can greatly affect wetland bird abundance. C1 [Pickens, Bradley A.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pickens, BA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Rm 227,RNR Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bpickens99@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey/US Fish and Wildlife Service; Gulf Coast Joint Venture; Louisiana State University [AE2009-09] FX Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey/US Fish and Wildlife Service with support from Gulf Coast Joint Venture. We are grateful for the advice of M. Kaller, P. Stouffer, and F. Rohwer. T. Cooper (USFWS) and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on the manuscript. Texas Parks and Wildlife, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service provided housing, logistical support, and personnel time. For field assistance, we thank K. Leuenberger, A. Bevill, C. Faller, M. Oliver, M. Huber, E. Dancer, and S. Sears. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This study was conducted under the auspices of Louisiana State University protocol AE2009-09. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1301 EP 1311 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9757-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN3MR UT WOS:000340492800019 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Okahashi, H Cronin, TM Rasmussen, TL Hunt, G AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Okahashi, Hisayo Cronin, Thomas M. Rasmussen, Tine L. Hunt, Gene TI Response of deep-sea biodiversity to abrupt deglacial and Holocene climate changes in the North Atlantic Ocean SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Abrupt climate change; decadal-centennial time-scales; deep sea; deepwater circulation; Foraminifera; macroecology; Ostracoda; palaeoecology; species diversity; temperature ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RECORD; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; ARCTIC-OCEAN; LAST DEGLACIATION; VARIABILITY; SCALE; PATTERNS; GRADIENT; PLEISTOCENE AB Aim Little is known about how marine biodiversity responds to oceanographic and climatic changes over the decadal to centennial time-scales which are most relevant for predicted climate changes due to greenhouse gas forcing. This paper aims to reveal decadal-centennial scale deep-sea biodiversity dynamics for the last 20,000 years and then explore potential environmental drivers. Location The North Atlantic Ocean. Methods We investigated deep-sea benthic microfossil records to reveal biodiversity dynamics and subsequently applied comprehensive ecological modelling to test possible environmental factors (i.e. surface productivity, seasonality of productivity or deepwater circulation related to bottom-water temperature) that may have influenced deep-sea biodiversity over these time-scales. Results Deep-sea biodiversity changed synchronously with stadial-interstadial climate changes over the last 20,000 years across a large area of the North Atlantic in both ostracod crustaceans and foraminiferan protozoa (in spite of their different dispersal abilities). Species diversity rapidly increased during abrupt stadial events during the last deglacial and the Holocene interglacial periods. These include the well-known Heinrich 1, the Younger Dryas and the 8.2 ka events when the strength of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) decreased. There is also evidence for quasi-cyclic changes in biodiversity at a c. 1500-year periodicity, consistent with the well-known '1500-year climatic cycle'. Statistical analyses revealed that AMOC variability (probably specifically the variability in AMOC-driven bottom-water temperature) is correlated with deep-sea biodiversity. Main conclusions Our finding of a significant AMOC-diversity relationship may indicate pervasive control of the diversity of deep-sea benthic species by rapidly changing climate, specifically bottom-water temperature, over decadal to centennial time-scales. Our results, based on highly resolved fossil records, may portend pervasive, synchronous and sudden ecosystem responses to human-induced changes to climate and ocean circulation in this century. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Okahashi, Hisayo] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Okahashi, Hisayo] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rasmussen, Tine L.] Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Hunt, Gene] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Kadoorie Biol Sci Bldg,Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 FU Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship; Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX We thank D. W. Oppo for providing core samples, radiocarbon dates and isotope data; J. Dyszynski for sample processing; and D. J. Currie, M. Rex and three anonymous referees for helpful comments and constructive criticisms. This work was supported by a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship, a Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad (to M.Y.). NR 56 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 23 IS 9 BP 957 EP 967 DI 10.1111/geb.12178 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AN2OU UT WOS:000340426000001 ER PT J AU Reitman, NG Ge, S Mueller, K AF Reitman, Nadine G. Ge, Shemin Mueller, Karl TI Groundwater flow and its effect on salt dissolution in Gypsum Canyon watershed, Paradox Basin, southeast Utah, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater flow; Solute transport; Dissolution; Numerical modeling; USA ID EVAPORITE-DISSOLUTION; EBRO BASIN; SUBSIDENCE; PRECIPITATION; SPAIN; DOMES AB Groundwater flow is an important control on subsurface evaporite (salt) dissolution. Salt dissolution can drive faulting and associated subsidence on the land surface and increase salinity in groundwater. This study aims to understand the groundwater flow system of Gypsum Canyon watershed in the Paradox Basin, Utah, USA, and whether or not groundwater-driven dissolution affects surface deformation. The work characterizes the groundwater flow and solute transport systems of the watershed using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element flow and transport model, SUTRA. Spring samples were analyzed for stable isotopes of water and total dissolved solids. Spring water and hydraulic conductivity data provide constraints for model parameters. Model results indicate that regional groundwater flow is to the northwest towards the Colorado River, and shallow flow systems are influenced by topography. The low permeability obtained from laboratory tests is inconsistent with field observed discharges, supporting the notion that fracture permeability plays a significant role in controlling groundwater flow. Model output implies that groundwater-driven dissolution is small on average, and cannot account for volume changes in the evaporite deposits that could cause surface deformation, but it is speculated that dissolution may be highly localized and/or weaken evaporite deposits, and could lead to surface deformation over time. C1 [Reitman, Nadine G.; Ge, Shemin; Mueller, Karl] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Reitman, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM nadine.reitman@colorado.edu OI Reitman, Nadine/0000-0002-6730-2682 FU NSF [EAR 1119173]; Colorado Ground Water Association FX This study was supported in part by NSF grant EAR 1119173 and the Colorado Ground Water Association. Thank you to the Stable Isotope Lab at the Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder for processing stable isotope samples, Jason Reitman for help in the field, and three reviewers for their comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1403 EP 1419 DI 10.1007/s10040-014-1126-0 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AN3OX UT WOS:000340498900012 ER PT J AU Boudinot, P Zou, J Ota, T Buonocore, F Scapigliati, G Canapa, A Cannon, J Litman, G Hansen, JD AF Boudinot, Pierre Zou, Jun Ota, Tatsuya Buonocore, Francesco Scapigliati, Giuseppe Canapa, Adriana Cannon, John Litman, Gary Hansen, John D. TI A tetrapod-like repertoire of innate immune receptors and effectors for coelacanths SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; INTERFERON ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE; TELEOST FISH; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; PROTEIN VIPERIN; EMERGING ROLES; BONY FISH; FAMILY; GENES AB The recent availability of both robust transcriptome and genome resources for coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) has led to unique discoveries for coelacanth immunity such as the lack of IgM, a central component of adaptive immunity. This study was designed to more precisely address the origins and evolution of gene families involved in the initial recognition and response to microbial pathogens, which effect innate immunity. Several multigene families involved in innate immunity are addressed, including: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid inducible gene 1 (RIG1)-like receptors (RLRs), the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing proteins (NLRs), diverse immunoglobulin domain-containing proteins (DICP) and modular domain immune-type receptors (MDIRs). Our analyses also include the tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIM), which are involved in pathogen recognition as well as the positive regulation of antiviral immunity. Finally, this study addressed some of the downstream effectors of the antimicrobial response including IL-1 family members, type I and II interferons (IFN) and IFN-stimulated effectors (ISGs). Collectively, the genes and gene families in coelacanth that effect innate immune functions share characteristics both in content, structure and arrangement with those found in tetrapods but not in teleosts. The findings support the sister group relationship of coelacanth fish with tetrapods. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 415-437, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Boudinot, Pierre] INRA, Virol & Immunol Mol, Jouy En Josas, France. [Zou, Jun] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Scottish Fish Immunol Res Ctr, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Ota, Tatsuya] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Dept Evolutionary Studies Biosyst, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Buonocore, Francesco; Scapigliati, Giuseppe] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Innovaz Sistemi Biol Agroalimentari, Viterbo, Italy. [Canapa, Adriana] Univ Politecn Marche, Dipartimento Sci Vita & Ambiente, Ancona, Italy. [Cannon, John; Litman, Gary] Univ S Florida, Morsani Coll Med, USF ACH Childrens Res Inst, Dept Pediat, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Litman, Gary] All Childrens Hosp Johns Hopkins Med, Dept Mol Genet, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), WFRC 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov RI boudinot, pierre/L-4246-2016; OI scapigliati, giuseppe/0000-0001-9730-9394 FU Institut Nationale de le Recherche Agronomique; US Geological Survey FX Grant sponsor: Institut Nationale de le Recherche Agronomique; grant sponsor: US Geological Survey. NR 83 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-5007 EI 1552-5015 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART B JI J. Exp. Zool. Part B PD SEP PY 2014 VL 322 IS 6 SI SI BP 415 EP 437 DI 10.1002/jez.b.22559 PG 23 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology GA AN3JU UT WOS:000340484400010 PM 24482296 ER PT J AU Saha, NR Ota, T Litman, GW Hansen, J Parra, Z Hsu, E Buonocore, F Canapa, A Cheng, JF Amemiya, CT AF Saha, Nil Ratan Ota, Tatsuya Litman, Gary W. Hansen, John Parra, Zuly Hsu, Ellen Buonocore, Francesco Canapa, Adriana Cheng, Jan-Fang Amemiya, Chris T. TI Genome complexity in the coelacanth is reflected in its adaptive immune system SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS SWITCH RECOMBINATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; VARIABLE REGION GENE; TAKIFUGU-RUBRIPES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; LATIMERIA-MENADOENSIS; INDONESIAN COELACANTH; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS AB We have analyzed the available genome and transcriptome resources from the coelacanth in order to characterize genes involved in adaptive immunity. Two highly distinctive IgW-encoding loci have been identified that exhibit a unique genomic organization, including a multiplicity of tandemly repeated constant region exons. The overall organization of the IgW loci precludes typical heavy chain class switching. A locus encoding IgM could not be identified either computationally or by using several different experimental strategies. Four distinct sets of genes encoding Ig light chains were identified. This includes a variant sigma-type Ig light chain previously identified only in cartilaginous fishes and which is now provisionally denoted sigma-2. Genes encoding / and / T-cell receptors, and CD3, CD4, and CD8 co-receptors also were characterized. Ig heavy chain variable region genes and TCR components are interspersed within the TCR / locus; this organization previously was reported only in tetrapods and raises questions regarding evolution and functional cooption of genes encoding variable regions. The composition, organization and syntenic conservation of the major histocompatibility complex locus have been characterized. We also identified large numbers of genes encoding cytokines and their receptors, and other genes associated with adaptive immunity. In terms of sequence identity and organization, the adaptive immune genes of the coelacanth more closely resemble orthologous genes in tetrapods than those in teleost fishes, consistent with current phylogenomic interpretations. Overall, the work reported described herein highlights the complexity inherent in the coelacanth genome and provides a rich catalog of immune genes for future investigations. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 438-463, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Saha, Nil Ratan; Amemiya, Chris T.] Benaroya Res Inst Virginia Mason, Mol Genet Program, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Ota, Tatsuya] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Dept Evolutionary Studies Biosyst, Hayama, Japan. [Litman, Gary W.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hansen, John] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Parra, Zuly] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Ctr Evolutionary & Theoret Immunol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hsu, Ellen] SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Buonocore, Francesco] Univ Tuscia, Dept Innovat Biol Agrofood & Forest Syst, Viterbo, Italy. [Canapa, Adriana] Univ Politecn Marche, Dipartimento Sci Vita & Ambiente, Ancona, Italy. [Cheng, Jan-Fang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amemiya, Chris T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Saha, NR (reprint author), Benaroya Res Inst Virginia Mason, Mol Genet Program, 1201 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM nsaha@benaroyaresearch.org FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0321461, MCB-0719558]; National Institutes of Health [HL66728, AI23338, AI57559, RR14085, GM090049]; US Geological Survey Base Funds FX Grant sponsor: National Science Foundation (partial support); grant numbers: IOS-0321461, MCB-0719558; grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; grant numbers: HL66728, AI23338, AI57559, RR14085, GM090049; grant sponsor: US Geological Survey Base Funds. NR 91 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-5007 EI 1552-5015 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART B JI J. Exp. Zool. Part B PD SEP PY 2014 VL 322 IS 6 SI SI BP 438 EP 463 DI 10.1002/jez.b.22558 PG 26 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology GA AN3JU UT WOS:000340484400011 PM 24464682 ER PT J AU Ardren, WR Busack, C Kocik, JF AF Ardren, William R. Busack, Craig Kocik, John F. TI Collaboration between Atlantic and Pacific salmon biologists to enhance recovery of endangered salmon in North America SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILD; CONSERVATION; HATCHERIES; MANAGEMENT; FITNESS C1 [Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Busack, Craig] NOAA, Anadromous Prod & Inland Fisheries Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, West Coast Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Kocik, John F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Ardren, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western New England Complex,11 Lincoln St, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. EM william_ardren@fws.gov; craig.busack@noaa.gov; john.kocik@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 685 EP 688 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9365-7 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200001 ER PT J AU Sloat, MR Fraser, DJ Dunham, JB Falke, JA Jordan, CE McMillan, JR Ohms, HA AF Sloat, Matthew R. Fraser, Dylan J. Dunham, Jason B. Falke, Jeffrey A. Jordan, Chris E. McMillan, John R. Ohms, Haley A. TI Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Oncorhynchus; Salmo; Conservation; Maturation; Life history; Diversity; Oncorhynchus Resilience ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; BROWN TROUT; SEXUAL-MATURATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; REACTION NORMS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALAR L; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES AB Reproductive tactics and migratory strategies in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines are inextricably linked through the effects of migration (or lack thereof) on age and size at maturity. In this review, we focus on the ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in salmonines, a key process resulting in the diversification of their life histories. We demonstrate that the energetics of maturation and reproduction provides a unifying theme for understanding both the proximate and ultimate causes of variation in reproductive schedules among species, populations, and the sexes. We use probabilistic maturation reaction norms to illustrate how variation in individual condition, in terms of body size, growth rate, and lipid storage, influences the timing of maturation. This useful framework integrates both genetic and environmental contributions to conditional strategies for maturation and, in doing so, demonstrates how flexible life histories can be both heritable and subject to strong environmental influences. We review evidence that the propensity for freshwater maturation in partially anadromous species is predictable across environmental gradients at geographic and local spatial scales. We note that growth is commonly associated with the propensity for freshwater maturation, but that life-history responses to changes in growth caused by temperature may be strikingly different than changes caused by differences in food availability. We conclude by exploring how contemporary management actions can constrain or promote the diversity of maturation phenotypes in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines and caution against underestimating the role of freshwater maturing forms in maintaining the resiliency of these iconic species. C1 [Sloat, Matthew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fraser, Dylan J.] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. [Dunham, Jason B.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Falke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McMillan, John R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ohms, Haley A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sloat, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Management, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matthew.sloat@oregonstate.edu NR 138 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 86 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 689 EP 707 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9344-z PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200002 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Wainwright, TC AF Sweka, John A. Wainwright, Thomas C. TI Use of population viability analysis models for Atlantic and Pacific salmon recovery planning SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Population viability analysis; Adaptive management; Risk; Uncertainty; Endangered species ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; COHO SALMON; EXTINCTION PARAMETERS; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; MARINE SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION AB Uncertainty and risk abound in making natural resource management decisions. Population viability analysis (PVA) includes a variety of qualitative or quantitative analyses to predict the future status of a population or collection of populations and to predict the risk of extinction (or quasi-extinction) over time given some assumptions of the factors driving population dynamics. In this paper, we review the various PVA models applied to Atlantic and Pacific salmon for determination of listing under the Endangered Species Act and in planning recovery actions. We also review the numerous cautions involved in developing PVA models and in interpreting their results. There have been a larger number of PVA models applied to Pacific salmon compared to Atlantic salmon due to the greater geographic range and number of species of Pacific salmon. Models for both Atlantic and Pacific salmon have ranged from simple models that view populations as simply a number of organisms to complex age- or stage-structured models depending on the purpose of the model and available data for model parameterization. The real value of PVA models to salmon conservation is not in making absolute predictions of the risk of extinction, but rather in evaluating relative effects of management alternatives on extinction risk and informing decision making within an adaptive management framework. As computing power, quantitative techniques, and knowledge of mechanistic linkages between terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments advance, PVA models will become an even more powerful tool in conservation planning for salmon species. C1 [Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Wainwright, Thomas C.] NOAA, Newport Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM john_sweka@fws.gov RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010 OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 901 EP 917 DI 10.1007/s11160-013-9332-8 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200012 ER PT J AU Arismendi, I Penaluna, BE Dunham, JB de Leaniz, CG Soto, D Fleming, IA Gomez-Uchida, D Gajardo, G Vargas, PV Leon-Munoz, J AF Arismendi, Ivan Penaluna, Brooke E. Dunham, Jason B. de Leaniz, Carlos Garcia Soto, Doris Fleming, Ian A. Gomez-Uchida, Daniel Gajardo, Gonzalo Vargas, Pamela V. Leon-Munoz, Jorge TI Differential invasion success of salmonids in southern Chile: patterns and hypotheses SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Salmonids; Biological invasions; Propagule pressure; Environmental resistance; Biotic resistance; Non-native species; Chile ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; ZEALAND CHINOOK SALMON; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BROWN TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY; BIOLOGICAL INVASION AB Biological invasions create complex ecological and societal issues worldwide. Most of the knowledge about invasions comes only from successful invaders, but less is known about which processes determine the differential success of invasions. In this review, we develop a framework to identify the main dimensions driving the success and failure of invaders, including human influences, characteristics of the invader, and biotic interactions. We apply this framework by contrasting hypotheses and available evidence to explain variability in invasion success for 12 salmonids introduced to Chile. The success of Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta seems to be influenced by a context-specific combination of their phenotypic plasticity, low ecosystem resistance, and propagule pressure. These well-established invaders may limit the success of subsequently introduced salmonids, with the possible exception of O. tshawytscha, which has a short freshwater residency and limited spatial overlap with trout. Although propagule pressure is high for O. kisutch and S. salar due to their intensive use in aquaculture, their lack of success in Chile may be explained by environmental resistance, including earlier spawning times than in their native ranges, and interactions with previously established and resident Rainbow Trout. Other salmonids have also failed to establish, and they exhibit a suite of ecological traits, environmental resistance, and limited propagule pressure that are variably associated with their lack of success. Collectively, understanding how the various drivers of invasion success interact may explain the differential success of invaders and provide key guidance for managing both positive and negative outcomes associated with their presence. C1 [Arismendi, Ivan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Penaluna, Brooke E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [de Leaniz, Carlos Garcia] Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Soto, Doris] Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, Aquaculture Branch, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Rome, Italy. [Fleming, Ian A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fish Evolutionary Ecol Res Grp, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Fleming, Ian A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Gomez-Uchida, Daniel; Vargas, Pamela V.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Zool, Interdisciplinary Ctr Aquaculture Res FONDAP INCA, Concepcion, Chile. [Gajardo, Gonzalo] Univ Los Lagos, Lab Genet Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Osorno, Chile. [Leon-Munoz, Jorge] Minist Medio Ambiente, Secretaria Reg Minist Medio Ambiente Reg Rios, Valdivia, Chile. [Leon-Munoz, Jorge] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Marinas & Limnol, Valdivia, Chile. RP Arismendi, I (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Ivan.Arismendi@oregonstate.edu RI Leon-Munoz, Jorge/K-8132-2014; Arismendi, Ivan/B-3144-2010; Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012 OI Leon-Munoz, Jorge/0000-0002-5625-6721; Arismendi, Ivan/0000-0002-8774-9350; FU Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Regional (FNDR Region de los Lagos); Fondo de Investigacion Pesquera of Chile FIP [2000-2024]; Comision Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Chile FONDECYT [1020183]; Millennium Nucleus Forest Ecosystem Services (FORECOS) Ministerio de Planificacion of Chile [P04-065-F]; Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA, UK) Darwin Initiative [162-15-020, EIDPOC 041]; Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Excelencia en Investigacion FONDAP [15110027] FX Cristian Correa, four anonymous reviewers and the Associated Editor William Ardren provided comments that improved the manuscript. Funded by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Regional (FNDR Region de los Lagos); Fondo de Investigacion Pesquera of Chile FIP 2000-2024; Comision Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Chile FONDECYT Grant 1020183; Millennium Nucleus Forest Ecosystem Services (FORECOS) P04-065-F Ministerio de Planificacion of Chile; and, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA, UK) Darwin Initiative Grants # 162-15-020 and EIDPOC 041. Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Excelencia en Investigacion FONDAP 15110027. Carlos Jara, Antonio Lara, Stefan Woelfl, Guillermo Giannico, and Jose Luis Iriarte provided comments on an early version of the manuscript. Tiffany Garcia and Kate Boersma provided comments on the conceptual framework figure and Kathryn Ronnenberg helped with its design. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 199 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 919 EP 941 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9351-0 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200013 ER PT J AU Papoulias, DM Tillitt, DE Talykina, MG Whyte, JJ Richter, CA AF Papoulias, Diana M. Tillitt, Donald E. Talykina, Melaniya G. Whyte, Jeffrey J. Richter, Catherine A. TI Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Herbicides; Egg production; Genotoxicity ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; IN-VIVO GENOTOXICITY; OOCYTE MATURATION; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; ATLANTIC CROAKER; DOSE RESPONSES; FATHEAD MINNOW; DNA-DAMAGE; FISH; PESTICIDE AB Atrazine is an effective broadleaf herbicide and the second most heavily used herbicide in the United States. Effects along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in a number of vertebrate taxa have been demonstrated. Seasonally elevated concentrations of atrazine in surface waters may adversely affect fishes, but only a few studies have examined reproductive effects of this chemical. The present study was designed to evaluate a population endpoint (egg production) in conjunction with histological (reproductive stage, gonad pathology) and biochemical (aromatase activity, sex hormone production) phenotypes associated with atrazine exposure in Japanese medaka. Adult virgin breeding groups of one male and four females were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50 mu g/L (0, 2.3, 23.2, 231 nM) of atrazine in a flow-through diluter for 14 or 38 days. Total egg production was lower (36-42%) in all atrazine-exposed groups as compared to the controls. The decreases in cumulative egg production of atrazine-treated fish were significant by exposure day 24. Reductions in total egg production in atrazine treatment groups were most attributable to a reduced number of eggs ovulated by females in atrazinetreated tanks. Additionally, males exposed to atrazine had a greater number of abnormal germ cells. There was no effect of atrazine on gonadosomatic index, aromatase protein, or whole body 17 p-estradiol or testosterone. Our results suggest that atrazine reduces egg production through alteration of final maturation of oocytes. The reduced egg production observed in this study was very similar to our previously reported results for fathead minnow. This study provides further information with which to evaluate atrazine's risk to fish populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Papoulias, Diana M.; Tillitt, Donald E.; Whyte, Jeffrey J.; Richter, Catherine A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65251 USA. [Talykina, Melaniya G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Inland Waters, Yaroslavl 152742, Russia. RP Papoulias, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65251 USA. EM dpapoulias@usgs.gov OI Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU USGS Environmental Contaminants Biology Program FX Support for this work was provided by the USGS Environmental Contaminants Biology Program. The authors thank James Candrl, Mandy Annis, Diane Nicks, James L. Zajicek Vanessa Velez, Rachel Claunch, Justin Buckler, Matt Keuss, Eugene Greer, Doug Hardesty, Robin Lipkin, and Dina Boyt for their contributions to the conduct of this study; Dr. Mark Ellerseick, University of Missouri, for statistical analysis; Dr. Jeffrey Wolf, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling VA, for pathological analysis of gonads; and Dr. Adria Elskus, USGS for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 14 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 154 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AN1JY UT WOS:000340339800026 PM 24929351 ER PT J AU Overton, CT Casazza, ML Takekawa, JY Strong, DR Holyoak, M AF Overton, Cory T. Casazza, Michael L. Takekawa, John Y. Strong, Donald R. Holyoak, Marcel TI Tidal and seasonal effects on survival rates of the endangered California clapper rail: does invasive Spartina facilitate greater survival in a dynamic environment? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Demographic bottleneck; Survival; Clapper rail; Spartina; Tides ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; CORDGRASS SPARTINA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; UNITED-STATES; S-FOLIOSA; ALTERNIFLORA; PREDATION; HABITAT AB Invasive species frequently degrade habitats, disturb ecosystem processes, and can increase the likelihood of extinction of imperiled populations. However, novel or enhanced functions provided by invading species may reduce the impact of processes that limit populations. It is important to recognize how invasive species benefit endangered species to determine overall effects on sensitive ecosystems. For example, since the 1990s, hybrid Spartina (Spartina foliosa x alterniflora) has expanded throughout South San Francisco Bay, USA, supplanting native vegetation and invading mudflats. The endangered California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) uses the tall, dense hybrid Spartina for cover and nesting, but the effects of hybrid Spartina on clapper rail survival was unknown. We estimated survival rates of 108 radio-marked California clapper rails in South San Francisco Bay from January 2007 to March 2010, a period of extensive hybrid Spartina eradication, with Kaplan-Meier product limit estimators. Clapper rail survival patterns were consistent with hybrid Spartina providing increased refuge cover from predators during tidal extremes which flood native vegetation, particularly during the winter when the vegetation senesces. Model averaged annual survival rates within hybrid Spartina dominated marshes before eradication (Ae = 0.466) were greater than the same marshes posttreatment (Ae = 0.275) and a marsh dominated by native vegetation (Ae = 0.272). However, models with and without marsh treatment as explanatory factor for survival rates had nearly equivalent support in the observed data, lending ambiguity as to whether hybrid Spartina facilitated greater survival rates than native marshland. Conservation actions to aid in recovery of this endangered species should recognize the importance of available of high tide refugia, particularly in light of invasive species eradication programs and projections of future sea-level rise. C1 [Overton, Cory T.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Strong, Donald R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Overton, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM coverton@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU USGS Western Ecological Research Center - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 8, Coastal Programs Branch and Recovery Branch; California State Coastal Conservatory; South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project Graduate Fellowship Program FX We thank Tobias Rohmer, Peter Coates, Brian Halstead, and Mark Herzog for helpful suggestions in preparing this manuscript and during analyses; Peggy Olofson, Jen McBroom and the Invasive Spartina Project staff for data contributions; Steve Bobzien, Mark Taylor, and Ralph Trujillo for assistance and access to East Bay Regional Park District properties; Joy Albertson and Cheryl Strong for assistance accessing Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge properties; and Jeffrey Lewis, Whitney Thornton, Annie Shultz, Christina Crabtree, and the USGS San Francisco Bay Field Station staff for assistance with field work. We also thank Valary Bloom and Josh Hull of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for facilitating work on California clapper rails. This project was funded by the USGS Western Ecological Research Center, grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 8, Coastal Programs Branch and Recovery Branch and by grants from the California State Coastal Conservatory. It was also partially funded through the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project Graduate Fellowship Program. California clapper rail studies were permitted under FWS endangered species permit TE-020548, California Department of Fish and Game Memorandum of Understanding and scientific collecting permits, U. S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory permit 21142, and the U. S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply government endorsement. NR 96 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2014 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1897 EP 1914 DI 10.1007/s10530-013-0634-5 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM6JH UT WOS:000339970100009 ER PT J AU Kouhestani, H Rashidnejad-Omran, N Rastad, E Mohajjel, M Goldfarb, RJ Ghaderi, M AF Kouhestani, Hossein Rashidnejad-Omran, Nematollah Rastad, Ebrahim Mohajjel, Mohammad Goldfarb, Richard J. Ghaderi, Majid TI Orogenic gold mineralization at the Chah Bagh deposit, Muteh gold district, Iran SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Orogenic gold; Dextral strike-slip shear zone; Chah Bagh; Muteh; Sanandaj-Sirjan; Zagros; Iran ID SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE; WESTERN IRAN; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; NORTHWESTERN IRAN; ZAGROS MOUNTAINS; FLUID PRODUCTION; MINING DISTRICT; HISTORY; EVOLUTION; BELT AB The Chah Bagh gold deposit, in the Muteh gold district, is located in the central part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone (SSZ), Iran. Gold mineralization at Chah Bagh is hosted by a Paleozoic sequence of rocks that is dominated by deformed schist, metarhyolite, and amphibolite that exhibits a greenschist- to lower amphibolite-facies metamorphism. Three deformation events are recognized in the Chah Bagh area, D-1, D-2, and D-3. The major NW-trending (N280-N290) dextral strike-slip shear zone in the area was formed during D-2 ductile events. Gold mineralization at Chah Bagh occurred over a prolonged deformation history, but is closely related to alteration, retrograde greenschist-facies assemblages, and ductile and brittle deformation during D-2 and D-3. The geometry of the Au-bearing quartz veins indicates that they are temporally related to the S-2 foliation and therefore to the D-2 flattening and shearing. Some veins, however, are spatially and temporally related to D-3 brittle normal faults and are brecciated and boudinaged during the associated shear movement. The presence of deformed Au-bearing quartz veins, and their concordant and discordant relation with respect to the main mylonitic foliation and the shear zone, indicates continuous mineralization during the D-2 and D-3 episodes. The Au-hosting shear zones are characterized by extensive development of heterogeneous mylonitic rocks that enhanced the permeability within the shear zones. This gave rise to further extensive dilatancy within major dilational jogs and produced a suitable structural regime for vein-hosted Au mineralization. The epigenetic Au mineralization resulted from metamorphic hydrothermal fluids circulating through major shear zones and associated structures during the late stages of orogeny. Our investigation shows that granitic intrusions have no genetic link with gold mineralization and we propose an orogenic gold model for Chah Bagh deposit, similar to Qolqoleh and Kervian in the northwestern part of the SSZ. This model is consistent with a dextral transpressional deformation kinematic model along the SSZ and, refutes the previous intrusion-related model suggested for the Muteh gold deposits. Metamorphic devolatilization and fluid flow within a ca. 30-m.y.-long period in Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary is suggested for the genesis of the gold occurrences in both ductile and post-transpressional brittle structures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kouhestani, Hossein; Rashidnejad-Omran, Nematollah; Rastad, Ebrahim; Mohajjel, Mohammad; Ghaderi, Majid] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Geol, Tehran 14115175, Iran. [Kouhestani, Hossein] Univ Zanjan, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Zanjan 49195313, Iran. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rashidnejad-Omran, N (reprint author), Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Geol, Tehran 14115175, Iran. EM rashid@modares.ac.ir RI Ghaderi, Majid/F-1262-2017 OI Ghaderi, Majid/0000-0002-6156-7516 FU Tarbiat Modares University Grants Commission FX The present study constitutes a part of the first author's M.Sc. thesis at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. The authors are grateful to the Tarbiat Modares University Grants Commission for research funding. Appreciation is also extended to the Muteh Gold Plant for kindly facilitating laboratory analysis and accommodation. The authors especially thank Dr. B. Mehrabi who made constructive suggestions on an earlier draft of the paper. Two anonymous reviewers and the editor Bor-ming Jahn are thanked for their constructive criticism in improving the original manuscript. NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1367-9120 EI 1878-5786 J9 J ASIAN EARTH SCI JI J. Asian Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 91 SI SI BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.04.027 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AM7BQ UT WOS:000340020100006 ER PT J AU Green, NS Wilkins, KT AF Green, Nicholas S. Wilkins, Kenneth T. TI HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF THE RODENT COMMUNITY IN A GRAND PRAIRIE PRESERVE SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We measured habitat associations in the rodent fauna at the Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland in north-central Texas from May to August 2011. We recorded five species: hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) was most abundant, followed by deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), hispid pocket mouse (Chaetodipus hispidus), fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens), and white-footed mouse (P. leucopus). Cotton rat density increased with grass cover; this effect was stronger for lower and middle quantiles of the abundance distribution. We found weak habitat correlates for P. maniculatus and R. fulvescens. This report is one of few describing the mammalian fauna of the vanishing Grand Prairie ecoregion. C1 [Green, Nicholas S.; Wilkins, Kenneth T.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Wilkins, Kenneth T.] Baylor Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Green, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM ngreen@usgs.gov FU Sigma Xi; Scientific Research Society; Baylor University Department of Biology FX We thank the U.S. Forest Service, particularly J. Crooks and D. Weldon, for access to Lyndon B. Johnson NG and for use of facilities. We thank R. Bucknam and K. Green for field assistance, and R. Medina for translating the abstract into Spanish. Work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid of Research from Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, and the Baylor University Department of Biology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey or the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 59 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V44FJ UT WOS:000209734600006 ER PT J AU Vikre, PG Graybeal, FT Fleck, RJ Barton, MD Seedorff, E AF Vikre, Peter G. Graybeal, Frederick T. Fleck, Robert J. Barton, Mark D. Seedorff, Eric TI Succession of Laramide Magmatic and Magmatic-Hydrothermal Events in the Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED MOUNTAIN; U-PB; AGE CONSTRAINTS; CU-AU; SYSTEMS; MINERALIZATION; COPPER; ZIRCON; GEOCHRONOLOGY; EVOLUTION AB This investigation of the space-time progression of magmatism and hydrothermal activity in the Patagonia Mountains of southern Arizona is based on field and paragenetic relationships, and on U-Pb and Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of igneous and hydrothermal minerals. The Patagonia Mountains consist of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic sedimentary, granitic, and volcanic rocks, Laramide volcanic rocks, and a core of Laramide intrusions that comprise the Patagonia Mountains batholith. Laramide igneous rocks and adjacent Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks contain significant porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, Mo-Cu breccia pipes, Ag replacement deposits, and numerous other Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag replacement and vein deposits. Ages of igneous and hydrothermal minerals from 20 U-Pb and 52 Ar-40/Ar-39 determinations define four magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal events that formed the batholith and altered parts of it and adjacent rocks; cumulatively the events span at least 16 my., from similar to 74 to 58 Ma. The oldest event of this succession includes the 74 Ma Washington Camp stock and spatially associated Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag replacement deposits in Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Washington Camp-Duquesne district. Eruption of 73 to 68 Ma volcanic rocks in the northern part of the range was the next youngest event, which coincides temporally with replacement and vein deposits in Paleozoic carbonate rocks at the Flux mine (similar to 71 Ma). An event at 65 to 62 Ma is marked by emplacement of small-volume quartz monzonite, granodiorite, and diorite intrusions, formation of the Ventura breccia deposit in Jurassic granite at 65 to 64 Ma, and formation of other Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu replacement and vein deposits (similar to 62 Ma; Blue Nose and Morning Glory). The Red Mountain porphyry Cu-Mo system is hosted by similar to 62 Ma granodiorite and Laramide volcanic rocks (73-68 Ma) at the northern end of the batholith. It includes a deep, chalcopyrite-bornite resource (similar to 60 Ma) that is associated with potassic and sericitic alteration and a near-surface chalcocite-enargite resource (60 Ma) that is associated with advanced, supergene-enriched argillic alteration. The youngest event includes the Sunnyside porphyry Cu-Mo system and a Cu-Mo breccia deposit at Red Hill (Four Metals mine), both of which formed in large-volume quartz monzonite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite porphyry, and quartz feldspar porphyry (similar to 61-59 Ma). Similar to the Red Mountain system, the Sunnyside system consists of a deep chalcopyrite resource that occurs in similar to 60 to 59 Ma quartz feldspar porphyry, and a near-surface, slightly younger (similar to 59-58 Ma) enargite-chalcocite-tennantite resource that occurs in quartz feldspar porphyry, quartz monzonite porphyry, and Mesozoic rocks. The Red Hill Cu-Mo breccia deposit is hosted by large-volume quartz monzonite, granodiorite, and quartz monzonite porphyry (similar to 61-59 Ma). Discrepancies between field and paragenetic relationships and some analytic ages at Sunnyside and Red Hill preclude precise dating of mineralization stages, and may reflect disturbance of isotope systems by multiple, co-spatial to juxtaposed intrusive and hydrothermal events, and/or by unrecognized intrusions. Numerous vein and replacement deposits at the northern end of the batholith, including the Hardshell Ag resource and the Three R supergene chalcocite resource, are distal deposits of the Sunnyside and Red Mountain systems. Small, similar to 61 to 59 Ma Cu-Mo deposits in large-volume intrusions in the southern part of the batholith consist of hydrothermal quartz, biotite, K-feldspar, muscovite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite. The age span of magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal events in the Patagonia Mountains, minimally 16 my., is comparable to that of certain other magmatic-hydrothermal successions that contain porphyry Cu-Mo systems. Magmatic-hydrothermal events of the Wasatch-Oquirrh igneous trend, Utah, and the Boulder batholith, Montana, both span similar to 17 m.y. and include the Bingham and Butte porphyry Cu-Mo, vein and replacement deposits, respectively. Plutons and mineral deposits in the Pima district, Arizona, which includes the porphyry Cu-Mo deposits at Sierrita-Esperanza, Mission-Pima-San Xavier North, and Twin Buttes, formed over an interval of similar to 14 my. The diversity of igneous and hydrothermal products likely reflects evolutionary processes occurring at multiple sites in the lithosphere and at different time scales from >10 m.y. to less than the geochronologic precision currently achievable. C1 [Vikre, Peter G.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Graybeal, Frederick T.] Explorat Management LLC, Chatham, NJ 07928 USA. [Fleck, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barton, Mark D.; Seedorff, Eric] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Vikre, PG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM pvikre@usgs.gov NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1704 PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AM5WC UT WOS:000339930700008 ER PT J AU Young, J Iwanowicz, L Sperry, A Blazer, V AF Young, John Iwanowicz, Luke Sperry, Adam Blazer, Vicki TI A landscape-based reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity in streams of the upper Potomac, upper James, and Shenandoah Rivers, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disrupting compounds; Estrogenic activity; Landscape-based sampling design; GIS; Geographically weighted regression ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; IN-VITRO BIOASSAYS; SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; SMALLMOUTH BASS; UNITED-STATES; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS; MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU AB Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are becoming of increasing concern in waterways of the USA and worldwide. What remains poorly understood, however, is how prevalent these emerging contaminants are in the environment and what methods are best able to determine landscape sources of EDCs. We describe the development of a spatially structured sampling design and a reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity along gradients of land use within sub-watersheds. We present this example as a useful approach for state and federal agencies with an interest in identifying locations potentially impacted by EDCs that warrant more intensive, focused research. Our study confirms the importance of agricultural activities on levels of a measured estrogenic equivalent (E2Eq) and also highlights the importance of other potential sources of E2Eq in areas where intensive agriculture is not the dominant land use. Through application of readily available geographic information system (GIS) data, coupled with spatial statistical analysis, we demonstrate the correlation of specific land use types to levels of estrogenic activity across a large area in a consistent and unbiased manner. C1 [Young, John] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Iwanowicz, Luke; Blazer, Vicki] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Sperry, Adam] W Virginia Univ, Coll Agr & Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Young, J (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jyoung@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU USGS FX This research was funded by the USGS Priority Ecosystems Program. We thank John B. Churchill and Rachel Shirley for assistance with GIS analysis and Marcus Springmann for assistance in the collection of water samples. We also thank John Sanseverino (Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee) for the strain BLYES. Any use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 186 IS 9 BP 5531 EP 5545 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3801-y PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM4MB UT WOS:000339827500019 PM 24816593 ER PT J AU Chalmers, AT Krabbenhoft, DP Van Metre, PC Nilles, MA AF Chalmers, Ann T. Krabbenhoft, David P. Van Metre, Peter C. Nilles, Mark A. TI Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and New England SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Deposition; Sediment; Fish; Urban ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; ADIRONDACK LAKES; WET DEPOSITION; SEDIMENTS; RIVER; METHYLMERCURY AB We compare total mercury (Hg-T) loading and methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in streams and lakes from an urbanized area (Boston, Massachusetts) to rural regions of southern New Hampshire and Maine. The maximum Hg-T loading, as indicated by Hg-T atmospheric deposition, Hg-T emissions, and sediment Hg-T concentrations, did not coincide with maximum MeHg concentrations in fish. Urbanized ecosystems were areas of high Hg-T loading but had low MeHg concentrations in fish. Controls on MeHg production and accumulation appeared to be related primarily to Hg-T loading in undeveloped areas, while ecosystem sensitivity to MeHg formation appeared to be more important in regulating accumulation of MeHg in the urban area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chalmers, Ann T.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Nilles, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Chalmers, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 87 State St, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM chalmers@usgs.gov; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; pcvanmet@usgs.gov; manilles@usgs.gov NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 192 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM3SX UT WOS:000339774200013 PM 24907856 ER PT J AU Sankey, JB Draut, AE AF Sankey, Joel B. Draut, Amy E. TI Gully annealing by aeolian sediment: field and remote-sensing investigation of aeolian-hillslope-fluvial interactions, Colorado River corridor, Arizona, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gully erosion; DEM analysis; Fluvial-aeolian interaction; GIS; Grand Canyon; Alluvial ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; GLEN CANYON DAM; DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; GRAND-CANYON; DRYLAND ENVIRONMENTS; MOJAVE DESERT; NATIONAL-PARK; EROSION; DISTURBANCE; CALIFORNIA AB Processes contributing to development of ephemeral gully channels are of great importance to landscapes worldwide, and particularly in dryland regions where soil loss and land degradation from gully erosion pose long-term land-management problems. Whereas gully formation has been relatively well studied, much less is known of the processes that anneal gullies and impede their growth. This study of gully annealing by aeolian sediment, spanning 95 km along the Colorado River corridor in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, employed field and remote sensing observations, including digital topographic modelling. Results indicate that aeolian sediment activity can be locally effective at counteracting gully erosion. Gullies are less prevalent in areas where surficial sediment undergoes active aeolian transport and have a greater tendency to terminate in active aeolian sand. Although not common, examples exist in the record of historical imagery of gullies that underwent infilling by aeolian sediment in past decades and evidently were effectively annealed. We thus provide new evidence for a potentially important interaction of aeolian-hillslope-fluvial processes, which could affect dryland regions substantially in ways not widely recognized. Moreover, because the biologic soil crust plays an important role in determining aeolian sand activity, and so in turn the extent of gully development, this study highlights a critical role of geomorphic-ecologic interactions in determining arid-landscape evolution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sankey, Joel B.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Draut, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Sankey, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jsankey@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation through Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX This study was supported by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation through the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, with logistical and managerial support from the U.S. Geological Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center. The authors thank the National Park Service and the Hualapai Tribe's Department of Cultural Resources for permission to conduct the field research. Some of the ideas underlying this study were developed through the work of I. Lucchita, R. Hereford, and D.M. Rubin. We thank H.C. Fairley, J.C. Schmidt, B.D. Collins, P.E. Grams, and D. Bedford for informative discussions and manuscript reviews that improved this study. T. Arundel and B. Davis of the U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center provided GIS support for this project. Field assistance was provided by J.G. East and participants in the non-profit organization Grand Canyon Youth. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 220 BP 68 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.028 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AM2RW UT WOS:000339699500007 ER PT J AU Minson, SE Lee, WHK AF Minson, Sarah E. Lee, William H. K. TI Bayesian historical earthquake relocation: an example from the 1909 Taipei earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake dynamics; Earthquake ground motions; Earthquake source observations; Seismicity and tectonics; Site effects ID HIGH-SPEED COMPUTER; LOCATION; TIMES; DISTRIBUTIONS; INFORMATION; ALGORITHM AB Locating earthquakes from the beginning of the modern instrumental period is complicated by the fact that there are few good-quality seismograms and what traveltimes do exist may be corrupted by both large phase-pick errors and clock errors. Here, we outline a Bayesian approach to simultaneous inference of not only the hypocentre location but also the clock errors at each station and the origin time of the earthquake. This methodology improves the solution for the source location and also provides an uncertainty analysis on all of the parameters included in the inversion. As an example, we applied this Bayesian approach to the well-studied 1909 M-w 7 Taipei earthquake. While our epicentre location and origin time for the 1909 Taipei earthquake are consistent with earlier studies, our focal depth is significantly shallower suggesting a higher seismic hazard to the populous Taipei metropolitan area than previously supposed. C1 [Minson, Sarah E.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lee, William H. K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Minson, SE (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM minson@gps.caltech.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 198 IS 3 BP 1419 EP 1430 DI 10.1093/gji/ggu201 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AM6EN UT WOS:000339955900012 ER PT J AU Bose, M Graves, RW Gill, D Callaghan, S Maechling, PJ AF Boese, Maren Graves, Robert W. Gill, David Callaghan, Scott Maechling, Philip J. TI CyberShake-derived ground-motion prediction models for the Los Angeles region with application to earthquake early warning SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Spatial analysis; Earthquake ground motions; Site effects; Wave propagation; Early warning; North America ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; RUPTURE LENGTH; BROAD-BAND; PARAMETERS; INTENSITY; PERIODS; PGV AB Real-time applications such as earthquake early warning (EEW) typically use empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) along with event magnitude and source-to-site distances to estimate expected shaking levels. In this simplified approach, effects due to finite-fault geometry, directivity and site and basin response are often generalized, which may lead to a significant under- or overestimation of shaking from large earthquakes (M > 6.5) in some locations. For enhanced site-specific ground-motion predictions considering 3-D wave-propagation effects, we develop support vector regression (SVR) models from the SCEC CyberShake low-frequency (< 0.5 Hz) and broad-band (0-10 Hz) data sets. CyberShake encompasses 3-D wave-propagation simulations of > 415 000 finite-fault rupture scenarios (6.5 a parts per thousand currency sign M a parts per thousand currency sign 8.5) for southern California defined in UCERF 2.0. We use CyberShake to demonstrate the application of synthetic waveform data to EEW as a 'proof of concept', being aware that these simulations are not yet fully validated and might not appropriately sample the range of rupture uncertainty. Our regression models predict the maximum and the temporal evolution of instrumental intensity (MMI) at 71 selected test sites using only the hypocentre, magnitude and rupture ratio, which characterizes uni- and bilateral rupture propagation. Our regression approach is completely data-driven (where here the CyberShake simulations are considered data) and does not enforce pre-defined functional forms or dependencies among input parameters. The models were established from a subset (similar to 20 per cent) of CyberShake simulations, but can explain MMI values of all > 400 k rupture scenarios with a standard deviation of about 0.4 intensity units. We apply our models to determine threshold magnitudes (and warning times) for various active faults in southern California that earthquakes need to exceed to cause at least 'moderate', 'strong' or 'very strong' shaking in the Los Angeles (LA) basin. These thresholds are used to construct a simple and robust EEW algorithm: to declare a warning, the algorithm only needs to locate the earthquake and to verify that the corresponding magnitude threshold is exceeded. The models predict that a relatively moderate M6.5-7 earthquake along the Palos Verdes, Newport-Inglewood/Rose Canyon, Elsinore or San Jacinto faults with a rupture propagating towards LA could cause 'very strong' to 'severe' shaking in the LA basin; however, warning times for these events could exceed 30 s. C1 [Boese, Maren] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Boese, Maren] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Gill, David; Callaghan, Scott; Maechling, Philip J.] Univ So Calif, SCEC, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Bose, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Code 252-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mboese@sed.ethz.ch FU USGS/ANSS to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) [G09AC00258]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF 3023]; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); NSF [0529922]; USGS [07HQAG0008] FX To train and test SVR models in this study, we used LIBSVM (Chang & Lin 2011), a free library for Support Vector Machines and Regression. Maps in this paper were made with Generic Mapping Tools version 4.2.1 (www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt; Wessel & Smith 1998). We would like to thank J. Hardebeck, E. Hauksson, T. Heaton, two anonymous reviewers and editor E. Fukuyama for constructive comments that helped to improve this paper. This work is funded through contract G09AC00258 from USGS/ANSS to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Funding was also provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF #3023 to Caltech. This is contribution #10094 of the Seismological Laboratory, Geological and Planetary Sciences at Caltech. This research was also supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1799. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 198 IS 3 BP 1438 EP 1457 DI 10.1093/gji/ggu198 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AM6EN UT WOS:000339955900014 ER PT J AU Liebezeit, JR Gurney, KEB Budde, M Zack, S Ward, D AF Liebezeit, J. R. Gurney, K. E. B. Budde, M. Zack, S. Ward, D. TI Phenological advancement in arctic bird species: relative importance of snow melt and ecological factors SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Climate change; Clutch initiation; Passerine; Shorebird ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEST PREDATION; BREEDING BIRDS; TUNDRA BIRDS; ARRIVAL; AVAILABILITY; SHOREBIRDS; SELECTION; EARLIER AB Previous studies have documented advancement in clutch initiation dates (CIDs) in response to climate change, most notably for temperate-breeding passerines. Despite accelerated climate change in the Arctic, few studies have examined nest phenology shifts in arctic breeding species. We investigated whether CIDs have advanced for the most abundant breeding shorebird and passerine species at a long-term monitoring site in arctic Alaska. We pooled data from three additional nearby sites to determine the explanatory power of snow melt and ecological variables (predator abundance, green-up) on changes in breeding phenology. As predicted, all species (semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla, pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos, red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus, red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius, Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus) exhibited advanced CIDs ranging from 0.40 to 0.80 days/year over 9 years. Timing of snow melt was the most important variable in explaining clutch initiation advancement ("climate/snow hypothesis") for four of the five species, while green-up was a much less important explanatory factor. We found no evidence that high predator abundances led to earlier laying dates ("predator/re-nest hypothesis"). Our results support previous arctic studies in that climate change in the cryosphere will have a strong impact on nesting phenology although factors explaining changes in nest phenology are not necessarily uniform across the entire Arctic. Our results suggest some arctic-breeding shorebird and passerine species are altering their breeding phenology to initiate nesting earlier enabling them to, at least temporarily, avoid the negative consequences of a trophic mismatch. C1 [Liebezeit, J. R.; Zack, S.] Pacific West Off, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Gurney, K. E. B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Budde, M.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ward, D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Liebezeit, JR (reprint author), Audubon Soc Portland, 5151 NW Cornell Rd, Portland, OR 97210 USA. EM jliebezeit@audubonportland.org FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game Partner Program; Bureau of Land Management; Disney Conservation Awards; Kresge Foundation; Liz Claiborne/Art Ortenberg Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Neo-tropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act grants; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Avian Influenza Surveillance grants; WCS private donors; U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative - Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area FX We thank the many field assistants who collected data for this study. We also thank BP Alaska [Exploration] Inc., ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., and the North Slope Borough for logistic support. The funders that made this study possible include: Alaska Department of Fish and Game Partner Program, Bureau of Land Management, Disney Conservation Awards, Kresge Foundation, Liz Claiborne/Art Ortenberg Foundation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Neo-tropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act grants, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Avian Influenza Surveillance grants, WCS private donors, and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative that is supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. We thank Kyle Hogrefe for preparation of the study area figure. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 13 U2 117 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1309 EP 1320 DI 10.1007/s00300-014-1522-x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM5JK UT WOS:000339893400008 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Harwood, VJ Edge, TA Nevers, MB Byappanahalli, M Vijayavel, K Brandao, J Sadowsky, MJ Alm, EW Crowe, A Ferguson, D Ge, ZF Halliday, E Kinzelman, J Kleinheinz, G Przybyla-Kelly, K Staley, C Staley, Z Solo-Gabriele, HM AF Whitman, Richard L. Harwood, Valerie J. Edge, Thomas A. Nevers, Meredith B. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara Vijayavel, Kannappan Brandao, Joao Sadowsky, Michael J. Alm, Elizabeth Wheeler Crowe, Allan Ferguson, Donna Ge, Zhongfu Halliday, Elizabeth Kinzelman, Julie Kleinheinz, Greg Przybyla-Kelly, Kasia Staley, Christopher Staley, Zachery Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. TI Microbes in beach sands: integrating environment, ecology and public health SO REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Beach sand; Fecal indicator bacteria; Psammon; Pathogens; Fate; Water quality ID FECAL-INDICATOR BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER BEACHES; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI POPULATIONS; MARINE RECREATIONAL BEACHES; SOUTH FLORIDA BEACH; 3 BATHING BEACHES; SANTA-MONICA BAY; LAKE-MICHIGAN; POROUS-MEDIA AB Beach sand is a habitat that supports many microbes, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa (micropsammon). The apparently inhospitable conditions of beach sand environments belie the thriving communities found there. Physical factors, such as water availability and protection from insolation; biological factors, such as competition, predation, and biofilm formation; and nutrient availability all contribute to the characteristics of the micropsammon. Sand microbial communities include autochthonous species/phylotypes indigenous to the environment. Allochthonous microbes, including fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and waterborne pathogens, are deposited via waves, runoff, air, or animals. The fate of these microbes ranges from death, to transient persistence and/or replication, to establishment of thriving populations (naturalization) and integration in the autochthonous community. Transport of the micropsammon within the habitat occurs both horizontally across the beach, and vertically from the sand surface and ground water table, as well as at various scales including interstitial flow within sand pores, sediment transport for particle-associated microbes, and the large-scale processes of wave action and terrestrial runoff. The concept of beach sand as a microbial habitat and reservoir of FIB and pathogens has begun to influence our thinking about human health effects associated with sand exposure and recreational water use. A variety of pathogens have been reported from beach sands, and recent epidemiology studies have found some evidence of health risks associated with sand exposure. Persistent or replicating populations of FIB and enteric pathogens have consequences for watershed/beach management strategies and regulatory standards for safe beaches. This review summarizes our understanding of the community structure, ecology, fate, transport, and public health implications of microbes in beach sand. It concludes with recommendations for future work in this vastly under-studied area. C1 [Whitman, Richard L.; Nevers, Meredith B.; Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara; Ge, Zhongfu; Przybyla-Kelly, Kasia] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Harwood, Valerie J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Edge, Thomas A.; Crowe, Allan] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Vijayavel, Kannappan] Ottawa Cty Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth, Holland, MI 49424 USA. [Vijayavel, Kannappan] State Michigan, Remediat & Redev Div, Dept Environm Qual, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Brandao, Joao] Natl Inst Hlth Dr Ricardo Jorge, Dept Infect Dis, Reference Unit Syst Infect & Zoonosis, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Sadowsky, Michael J.; Staley, Christopher] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Alm, Elizabeth Wheeler] Cent Michigan Univ, Inst Great Lakes Res, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Ferguson, Donna] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Halliday, Elizabeth] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kinzelman, Julie] City Racine, Dept Publ Hlth, Racine, WI 53403 USA. [Kleinheinz, Greg] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Res & Innovat Ctr, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Staley, Zachery] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami Rosenstiel, Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, 1251 Mem Dr,McArthur Bldg Room 252, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM rwhitman@usgs.gov; vharwood@usf.edu; tom.edge@ec.gc.ca; mnevers@usgs.gov; byappan@usgs.gov; vijayavelkannappan@gmail.com; joao.brandao@insa.min-saude.pt; sadowsky@umn.edu; alm1ew@cmich.edu; wcrawford9@cogeco.ca; dferguson@netchino.com; gezhfu@yahoo.com; ehalliday@whoi.edu; julie.kinzelman@cityofracine.org; kleinhei@uwosh.edu; kprzybyla-kelly@usgs.gov; cmstaley@umn.edu; zstaley307@gmail.com; hmsolo@miami.edu RI Brandao, Joao/H-8795-2016; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Brandao, Joao/0000-0001-7553-227X; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES012736] NR 248 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 111 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-1705 EI 1572-9826 J9 REV ENVIRON SCI BIO JI Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio-Technol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 13 IS 3 BP 329 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s11157-014-9340-8 PG 40 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM5JP UT WOS:000339894100007 PM 25383070 ER PT J AU Erickson, HE Perakis, SS AF Erickson, Heather E. Perakis, Steven S. TI Soil fluxes of methane, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide from aggrading forests in coastal Oregon SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Coniferous forest; Methane uptake; Nitric oxide; Nitrous oxide; Red alder; Greenhouse gases ID GREENHOUSE-GAS FLUXES; TEMPERATE FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR; RED ALDER; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; PINUS-RADIATA; ADJACENT CONIFER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CH4 OXIDATION; SPRUCE FOREST AB Soil exchanges of greenhouse and other gases are poorly known for Pacific Northwest forests where gradients in nutrient availability and soil moisture may contribute to large variations in fluxes. Here we report fluxes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitric oxide (NO) over multiple seasons from three naturally N-rich, aggrading forests of coastal Oregon, USA. Mean methane uptake rates (3.2 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1)) were high compared with forests globally, negatively related to water-filled pore space (WFPS), but unrelated to N availability or temperature. Emissions of NO (6.0 mu g NO-N m(-2) h(-1)) exceeded N2O (1.4 mu g N2O-N m(-2) h(-1)), except when WFPS surpassed 55%. Spatial variation in NO fluxes correlated positively with soil nitrate concentrations (which generally exceeded ammonium concentrations, indicating the overall high N status for the sites) and negatively with soil pH, and at one site increased with basal area of N-2-fixing red alder. Combined NO and N2O emissions were greatest from the site with highest annual net N mineralization and lowest needle litterfall C/N. Our findings of high CH4 uptake and NO/N2O ratios generally >1 most likely reflect the high porosity of the andic soils underlying the widespread regenerating forests in this seasonally wet region. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Erickson, Heather E.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Erickson, HE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM ericicsonheather@yahoo.com; sperakis@usgs.gov FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; USFS PNW Research Station FX We thank Bridget Deemer and John A. Harrison for assistance and use of the GC at Washington State University in Vancouver, Chris Catricala at the USGS in Corvallis for field support, logistics, soil analyses and always knowing where everything was, and students and technicians from the Perakis lab for invaluable assistance in the field and lab. Sharon Hall, Michael Keller and Eric Davidson are also thanked for sharing ideas on configurations of the NO analyzer. Jennifer Davis and Joseph von Fischer gave feedback on an early version. Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and the USFS PNW Research Station. NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 76 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.024 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AM2QM UT WOS:000339695900033 ER PT J AU Haynes, TB Rosenberger, AE Lindberg, MS Whitman, M Schmutz, JA AF Haynes, Trevor B. Rosenberger, Amanda E. Lindberg, Mark S. Whitman, Matthew Schmutz, Joel A. TI Patterns of lake occupancy by fish indicate different adaptations to life in a harsh Arctic environment SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Arctic lakes; connectivity; landscape; occupancy modelling ID STICKLEBACK PUNGITIUS-PUNGITIUS; HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY; WATER AVAILABILITY; NORTH SLOPE; ALASKA; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS; ORGANISMS; TRAITS AB 1. For six fish species sampled from 86 lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska, we examined whether lake occupancy was related to variables representing lake size, colonisation potential and/or the presence of overwintering habitat. 2. We found the relative importance of each factor for a given species could be related to its ecology and adult size. The three large-bodied migratory species, least cisco (Coregonus sardinella), broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) and arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), were influenced by factors associated with the likelihood of fish recolonising lakes, including whether the lakes had a stream connection. Of the large-bodied species, least cisco had the highest likelihood of occupancy (0.52 +/- 0.05) and models provided evidence that least cisco exhibit both migratory and resident forms. 3. Models for small-bodied fish differed among species, indicating different niches. Ninespine stickle-back (Pungitius pungitius) were the most widespread and ubiquitous of the species captured (occupancy probability = 0.97 +/- 0.01); they were captured in lakes that freeze to the bottom, suggesting that they disperse widely and rapidly after the spring freshet, including colonisation of sink habitats. Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis) had a lower occupancy (occupancy probability = 0.76 +/- 0.05) with a distribution that reflected tolerance to harsh conditions. Slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) had an occupancy probability of 0.23 +/- 0.06, with a distribution indicating its marine origin. 4. Based on these patterns, we propose an overall model of primary controls on the distribution of fish on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. Harsh conditions, including lake freezing, limit occupancy in winter through extinction events while lake occupancy in spring and summer is driven by directional migration (large-bodied species) and undirected dispersal (small-bodied species). C1 [Haynes, Trevor B.; Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Whitman, Matthew] Arctic Field Off, Bur Land Management, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Haynes, TB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr,245 ONeill Bldg,POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM t.haynes@alaska.edu FU State Wildlife Grant through Alaska Department of Fish Game; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Changing Alaska Science Education graduate fellowship by the National Science Foundation FX The authors thank contributors, including Jeff Adams, Bill Carter and the Fisheries Division at US Fish and Wildlife Service - Fairbanks; Mary Rabe, Kim Titus and the Wildlife Diversity Program at Alaska Department of Fish & Game; and Debbie Nigro and Bureau of Land Management - Fairbanks. Peter Hickman and the Geographic Information Network of Alaska kindly provided GIS support. John Pearce, Sarah Laske and two anonymous reviewers made helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Data collection was possible thanks to the help of many field assistants. This project was funded by a State Wildlife Grant awarded through Alaska Department of Fish & Game. TBH was funded by a postgraduate scholarship provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and a Changing Alaska Science Education graduate fellowship provided by the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1884 EP 1896 DI 10.1111/fwb.12391 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL9SG UT WOS:000339480500008 ER PT J AU Martin, DR Chizinski, CJ Eskridge, KM Pope, KL AF Martin, Dustin R. Chizinski, Christopher J. Eskridge, Kent M. Pope, Kevin L. TI Using posts to an online social network to assess fishing effort SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Social networks; Recreational fishing; Forum; Management; Angler surveys ID CATCH AB Fisheries management has evolved from reservoir to watershed management, creating a need to simultaneously gather information within and across interacting reservoirs. However, costs to gather information on the fishing effort on multiple reservoirs using traditional creel methodology are often prohibitive. Angler posts about reservoirs online provide a unique medium to test hypotheses on the distribution of fishing pressure. We show that the activity on an online fishing social network is related to fishing effort and can be used to facilitate management goals. We searched the Nebraska Fish and Game Association Fishing Forum for all references from April 2009 to December 2010 to 19 reservoirs that comprise the Salt Valley regional fishery in southeastern Nebraska. The number of posts was positively related to monthly fishing effort on a regional scale, with individual reservoirs having the most annual posts also having the most annual fishing effort. Furthermore, this relationship held temporally. Online fishing social networks provide the potential to assess effort on larger spatial scales than currently feasible. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Dustin R.; Chizinski, Christopher J.] Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.; Chizinski, Christopher J.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Eskridge, Kent M.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dustin.martin@unl.edu; keskridge1@unl.edu; kpope2@unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-182-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank C. Allen, T. Beard, J. Fontaine, R. Holland, M. Pegg, and L. Pennisi for helpful discussions and comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, project F-182-R administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 157 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.03.013 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AL0LY UT WOS:000338819600004 ER PT J AU Wingard, GL Lorenz, JJ AF Wingard, G. Lynn Lorenz, Jerome J. TI Integrated conceptual ecological model and habitat indices for the southwest Florida coastal wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Coastal wetlands; Mangroves; Ecological indicators; Everglades; Florida ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; EVERGLADES-NATIONAL-PARK; BASIN MANGROVE FORESTS; FRESH-WATER FLOW; SEA-LEVEL RISE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ESTUARINE CONDITIONS; ELEVATION CHANGE; STORM SURGES; RESTORATION AB The coastal wetlands of southwest Florida that extend from Charlotte Harbor south to Cape Sable, contain more than 60,000 ha of mangroves and 22,177 ha of salt marsh. These coastal wetlands form a transition zone between the freshwater and marine environments of the South Florida Coastal Marine Ecosystem (SFCME). The coastal wetlands provide diverse ecosystem services that are valued by society and thus are important to the economy of the state. Species from throughout the region spend part of their life cycle in the coastal wetlands, including many marine and coastal-dependent species, making this zone critical to the ecosystem health of the Everglades and the SFCME. However, the coastal wetlands are increasingly vulnerable due to rising sea level, changes in storm intensity and frequency, land use, and water management practices. They are at the boundary of the region covered by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), and thus are impacted by both CERP and marine resource management decisions. An integrated conceptual ecological model (ICEM) for the southwest coastal wetlands of Florida was developed that illustrates the linkages between drivers, pressures, ecological process, and ecosystem services. Five ecological indicators are presented: (1) mangrove community structure and spatial extent; (2) waterbirds; (3) prey-base fish and macroinvertebrates; (4) crocodilians; and (5) periphyton. Most of these indicators are already used in other areas of south Florida and the SFCME, and therefore will allow metrics from the coastal wetlands to be used in system-wide assessments that incorporate the entire Greater Everglades Ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wingard, G. Lynn] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lorenz, Jerome J.] Audubon Florida, Tavernier Sci Ctr, Tavernier, FL 33070 USA. RP Wingard, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lwingard@usgs.gov FU USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (GEPES); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program) [NA08OAR4320889, NA09NOS4780224, NA09NOS4780225, NA09NOS4780226, NA09NOS4780227, NA09NOS4780228] FX We would like to thank Debra Willard (USGS), Christopher Bernhardt (USGS), Thomas J. Smith (USGS), Eric Milbrandt (Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation), and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough reviews and thoughtful comments on this manuscript. We also would like to thank Joseph Boyer (Plymouth State University, NH) and Peter Frezza (Audubon of Florida) for their contributions to the manuscript. Fig. 1 was prepared by Bethany Stackhouse, USGS. This work was partially supported by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (GEPES) effort, G. Ronnie Best, Coordinator.; This paper is a result of research under the Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting (MARES) for South Florida Project funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program), under award NA08OAR4320889 to the University of Miami, NA09NOS4780224 to Nova Southeastern University, NA09NOS4780225 to the University of Massachusetts Amherst, NA09NOS4780226 to the National Audubon Society, NA09NOS4780227 to Florida Gulf Coast University, NA09NOS4780228 to Florida International University, and to the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 149 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 16 U2 117 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 SI SI BP 92 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.01.007 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7KX UT WOS:000338608300011 ER PT J AU Roon, DA Wipfli, MS Wurtz, TL AF Roon, David A. Wipfli, Mark S. Wurtz, Tricia L. TI Effects of invasive European bird cherry (Prunus padus) on leaf litter processing by aquatic invertebrate shredder communities in urban Alaskan streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Riparian forests; Leaf litter processing; Aquatic invertebrate shredders; Prunus padus; Alaska ID RIPARIAN ZONES; HEADWATER STREAMS; MACROINVERTEBRATE COLONIZATION; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; NONNATIVE TAMARIX; JAPANESE KNOTWEED; ALNUS-TENUIFOLIA; BREAKDOWN RATES; NATIVE POPULUS; UNITED-STATES AB European bird cherry (Prunus padus) (EBC) is an invasive ornamental tree that is spreading rapidly in riparian forests of urban Alaska. To determine how the spread of EBC affects leaf litter processing by aquatic invertebrate shredders, we conducted complementary leaf pack experiments in two streams located in Anchorage, Alaska. The first experiment contrasted invasive EBC with three native tree species-thin-leaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia), paper birch (Betula neoalaskana), and black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa)-in one reach of Chester Creek; finding that EBC leaf litter broke down significantly faster than birch and cottonwood, but at a similar rate to alder. The second experiment contrasted EBC with alder in four reaches of Campbell and Chester creeks; finding that while EBC leaf litter broke down significantly faster than alder in Chester Creek, EBC broke down at a similar rate to alder in Campbell Creek. Although EBC sometimes supported fewer shredders by both count and mass, shredder communities did not differ significantly between EBC and native plants. Collectively, these data suggest that invasive EBC is not currently exhibiting strong negative impacts on leaf litter processing in these streams, but could if it continues to spread and further displaces native species over time. C1 [Roon, David A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wurtz, Tricia L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Program, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Roon, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dave.roon@gmail.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; USDA Forest Service; Alaska EPSCoR; Institute of Arctic Biology; University of Alaska Fairbanks FX Thanks to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Forest Service, Alaska EPSCoR, Institute of Arctic Biology and the University of Alaska Fairbanks for funding. We thank Dustin Merrigan, John Hill, Steve Ewest, Uinniq Ahgeak, and Thomas Robertson for assistance with field and laboratory work. Thanks to Dan Rinella and Dan Bogan at UAA for advice on the experimental design and providing summer lab space, to Arny Blanchard at University of Alaska Fairbanks for his assistance with the statistical analysis and Jim Kruse from the USDA Forest Service for providing an internal peer review of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2014 VL 736 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s10750-014-1881-x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AJ9KC UT WOS:000338027700002 ER PT J AU Nadoll, P Angerer, T Mauk, JL French, D Walshe, J AF Nadoll, Patrick Angerer, Thomas Mauk, Jeffrey L. French, David Walshe, John TI The chemistry of hydrothermal magnetite: A review SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Magnetite; Hydrothermal; Mineral deposits; Provenance studies; Indicator mineral; Petrogenetic ID BANDED IRON-FORMATION; LA-ICP-MS; ELEMENT PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; CU-AU DEPOSIT; FE-TI OXIDES; DUALISTIC DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; KOOLYANOBBING GREENSTONE-BELT; COPPER-MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT; HIGH-SILICA RHYOLITES; ORE-FORMING FLUIDS AB Magnetite (Fe3O4) is a well-recognized petrogenetic indicator and is a common accessory mineral in many ore deposits and their host rocks. Recent years have seen an increased interest in the use of hydrothermal magnetite for provenance studies and as a pathfinder for mineral exploration. A number of studies have investigated how specific formation conditions are reflected in the composition of the respective magnetite. Two fundamental questions underlie these efforts-(i) How can the composition of igneous and, more importantly, hydrothermal magnetite be used to discriminate mineralized areas from barren host rocks, and (ii) how can this assist exploration geologists to target ore deposits at greater and greater distances from the main mineralization? Similar to igneous magnetite, the most important factors that govern compositional variations in hydrothermal magnetite are (A) temperature, (B) fluid composition element availability, (C) oxygen and sulfur fugacity, (D) silicate and sulfide activity, (E) host rock buffering, (F) re-equilibration processes, and (G) intrinsic crystallographic controls such as ionic radius and charge balance. We discuss how specific formation conditions are reflected in the composition of magnetite and review studies that investigate the chemistry of hydrothermal and igneous magnetite from various mineral deposits and their host rocks. Furthermore, we discuss the redox-related alteration of magnetite (martitization and mushketovitization) and mineral inclusions in magnetite and their effect on chemical analyses. Our database includes published and previously unpublished magnetite minor and trace element data for magnetite from (I) banded iron formations (BIF) and related high-grade iron ore deposits in Western Australia, India, and Brazil, (2) Ag-Pb-Zn veins of the Coeur d'Alene district, United States, (3) porphyry Cu-(Au)-(Mo) deposits and associated (4) calcic and magnesian skarn deposits in the southwestern United States and Indonesia, and (5) plutonic igneous rocks from the Henderson Climax-type Mo deposit, United States, and the un-mineralized Inner Zone Batholith granodiorite, Japan. These five settings represent a diverse suite of geological settings and cover a wide range of formation conditions. The main discriminator elements for magnetite are Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, and Ga. These elements are commonly present at detectable levels (10 to >1000 ppm) and display systematic variations. We propose a combination of Ni/(Cr + Mn) vs. Ti + V, Al + Mn vs. Ti + V, Ti/N and Sn/Ga discriminant plots and upper threshold concentrations to discriminate hydrothermal from igneous magnetite and to fingerprint different hydrothermal ore deposits. The overall trends in upper threshold values for the different settings can be summarized as follows: (I) BIF (hydrothermal) low Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga and Sn; (II) Ag-Pb-Zn veins (hydrothermal) high Mn and low Ga and Sn; (III) Mg-skarn (hydrothermal) high Mg and Mn and low Al, Ti, Cr, Co, Ni and Ga; (IV) skarn (hydrothermal) high Mg, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni and Zn and low Sn; (V) porphyry (hydrothermal) high Ti and V and low Sn; (VI) porphyry (igneous) high Ti, V and Cr and low Mg; and (VII) Climax-Mo (igneous) high Al, Ga and Sn and low Mg and Cr. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nadoll, Patrick; Walshe, John] CSIRO, Australian Resources Res Ctr, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Angerer, Thomas] Univ Western Australia, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, CET, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Mauk, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, MS Denver Fed Ctr 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [French, David] CSIRO, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. RP Nadoll, P (reprint author), CSIRO, Australian Resources Res Ctr, POB 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. OI Mauk, Jeff/0000-0002-6244-2774; Nadoll, Patrick/0000-0002-4061-7203 FU CSIRO/AMIRA project [P408] FX We thank the iron ore research group at UWA (CET) - Paul Duuring, Ana-Sophie Hensler, and Warren Thorne - for kindly providing data for this project, and Steffen Hagemann for helpful feedback. Thomas Angerer thanks the LabMaTer group at UQAC, Sarah-Jane Barnes, Sarah Dare, Dany Savard, Sadia Mehdi, and the CODES laser ablation team at UTAS, Sarah Gilbert and Leonid Danyushevsky, for granting access to their laser systems and helping with analyses and data reduction. Further acknowledgments go to industry partners, Cliffs Natural Resources, Rio Tinto Iron Ore, and BHP Billiton Iron Ore for granting access to samples. We also thank Freeport McMoRan, and in particular Richard Leveille and Clyde Leys, for granting access to sites and providing drill hole documentation for the Ertsberg district. The Ertsberg district data were collected as part of CSIRO/AMIRA project P408. We acknowledge helpful comments and suggestions by Sarah Dare, Rosaline Figueiredo e Silva and Erin Marsh. For helping us with the visual content of this paper, we thank Travis Naughton. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 243 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 22 U2 234 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 61 BP 1 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.12.013 PG 32 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AG0OO UT WOS:000335115000001 ER PT J AU Hung, WN Chiou, CT Lin, TF AF Hung, Wei-Nung Chiou, Cary T. Lin, Tsair-Fuh TI Lipid-water partition coefficients and correlations with uptakes by algae of organic compounds SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Triolein; Organic compounds; Lipid-water partition coefficient; Octanol-water partition coefficient; Algal uptake; Bioconcentration ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOCONCENTRATION; PREDICTION; SYSTEMS; CONTAMINANTS; BIODIESEL; PCBS AB In view of the scarcity of the lipid-water partition coefficients (K-tw) for organic compounds, the logK(tw) values for many environmental contaminants were measured using ultra-pure triolein as the model lipid. Classes of compounds studied include alkyl benzenes, halogenated benzenes, short-chain chlorinated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides. In addition to logK(tw) determination, the uptakes of these compounds from water by a dry algal species were measured to evaluate the lipid effect on the algal uptake. The measured logK(tw) are closely related to their respective logK(ow) (octanol-water), with logK(ow) = 1.9 to 6.5. A significant difference is observed between the present and early measured logK(tw) for compounds with logK(ow) which is attributed to the presence and absence of a triolein microemulsion in water affecting the solute partitioning. The observed lipid-normalized algae-water distribution coefficients (logK(aw/lipid)) are virtually identical to the respective logK(tw) values, which manifests the dominant lipid-partition effect of the compounds with algae. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hung, Wei-Nung] Ind Technol Res Inst, Green Energy & Environm Res Labs, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan. [Chiou, Cary T.; Lin, Tsair-Fuh] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Chiou, Cary T.; Lin, Tsair-Fuh] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Sustainable Environm Res Lab, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Chiou, Cary T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Chiou, CT (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. EM carychio@mail.ncku.edu.tw; tflin@mail.ncku.edu.tw RI Lin, Tsair-Fuh/C-4056-2008 OI Lin, Tsair-Fuh/0000-0002-2439-9090 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 99-2221-E-006-053]; National Cheng Kung University Project [D101-33B01]; Industrial Technology Research Institute Project [CF55RN8000] FX This work is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC 99-2221-E-006-053), the National Cheng Kung University Project (D101-33B01), and the Industrial Technology Research Institute Project (CF55RN8000). We thank Ms. Chin-Fang Tsai and Ms. Yu-Shi Liu for their technical assistance. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 30 PY 2014 VL 279 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.071 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR2CB UT WOS:000343390100025 PM 25064256 ER PT J AU Lanza, NL Fischer, WW Wiens, RC Grotzinger, J Ollila, AM Cousin, A Anderson, RB Clark, BC Gellert, R Mangold, N Maurice, S Le Mouelic, S Nachon, M Schmidt, M Berger, J Clegg, SM Forni, O Hardgrove, C Melikechi, N Newsom, HE Sautter, V AF Lanza, Nina L. Fischer, Woodward W. Wiens, Roger C. Grotzinger, John Ollila, Ann M. Cousin, Agnes Anderson, Ryan B. Clark, Benton C. Gellert, Ralf Mangold, Nicolas Maurice, Sylvestre Le Mouelic, Stephane Nachon, Marion Schmidt, Mariek Berger, Jeffrey Clegg, Samuel M. Forni, Olivier Hardgrove, Craig Melikechi, Noureddine Newsom, Horton E. Sautter, Violaine TI High manganese concentrations in rocks at Gale crater, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; oxidation; manganese; chemical weathering ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT SUITE; GUSEV CRATER; SPIRIT ROVER; MARTIAN SOIL; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; MN(II) OXIDATION; CURIOSITY ROVER; IRON-FORMATION; CHEMISTRY AB The surface of Mars has long been considered a relatively oxidizing environment, an idea supported by the abundance of ferric iron phases observed there. However, compared to iron, manganese is sensitive only to high redox potential oxidants, and when concentrated in rocks, it provides a more specific redox indicator of aqueous environments. Observations from the ChemCam instrument on the Curiosity rover indicate abundances of manganese in and on some rock targets that are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than previously observed on Mars, suggesting the presence of an as-yet unidentified manganese-rich phase. These results show that the Martian surface has at some point in time hosted much more highly oxidizing conditions than has previously been recognized. C1 [Lanza, Nina L.; Wiens, Roger C.; Cousin, Agnes; Clegg, Samuel M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fischer, Woodward W.; Grotzinger, John] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ollila, Ann M.; Newsom, Horton E.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Anderson, Ryan B.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Clark, Benton C.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Gellert, Ralf] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Mangold, Nicolas; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Nachon, Marion] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. [Maurice, Sylvestre; Forni, Olivier] Univ Toulouse 3, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Schmidt, Mariek] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Berger, Jeffrey] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada. [Hardgrove, Craig] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Melikechi, Noureddine] Delaware State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Dover, DE USA. [Sautter, Violaine] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Lanza, NL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nlanza@lanl.gov OI Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU NASA's Mars Program Office; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France FX The data reported here are archived at the Planetary Data System, available at http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/msl/index.htm. This research was carried out with funding from NASA's Mars Program Office and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France. We are grateful to Bradley Tebo and an anonymous reviewer for providing valuable feedback. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5755 EP 5763 DI 10.1002/2014GL060329 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ4HT UT WOS:000342755400009 ER PT J AU Han, SC Sauber, J Pollitz, F AF Han, Shin-Chan Sauber, Jeanne Pollitz, Fred TI Broadscale postseismic gravity change following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and implication for deformation by viscoelastic relaxation and afterslip SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE postseismic gravity; viscoelastic relaxation; afterslip; GRACE; GPS ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; SURFACE-WAVES; GRACE; SLIP; INVERSION; MODEL; ZONES AB The analysis of GRACE gravity data revealed postseismic gravity increase by 6 Gal over a 500 km scale within a couple of years after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, which is nearly 40-50% of the coseismic gravity change. It originates mostly from changes in the isotropic component corresponding to the M-rr moment tensor element. The exponential decay with rapid change in a year and gradual change afterward is a characteristic temporal pattern. Both viscoelastic relaxation and afterslip models produce reasonable agreement with the GRACE free-air gravity observation, while their Bouguer gravity patterns and seafloor vertical deformations are distinctly different. The postseismic gravity variation is best modeled by the biviscous relaxation with a transient and steady state viscosity of 10(18) and 10(19)Pas, respectively, for the asthenosphere. Our calculated higher-resolution viscoelastic relaxation model, underlying the partially ruptured elastic lithosphere, yields the localized postseismic subsidence above the hypocenter reported from the GPS-acoustic seafloor surveying. C1 [Han, Shin-Chan; Sauber, Jeanne] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pollitz, Fred] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Han, SC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM shin-chan.han@nasa.gov FU NASA's GRACE project; Earth Surface and Interior program FX This work was supported by NASA's GRACE project and Earth Surface and Interior program. We thank Riccardo Riva for sharing computer codes for the normal mode analysis, Roland Burgmann and Yan Hu for sharing their postseismic modeling and analysis, Faqi Diao for providing the finite fault models of afterslip, and an anonymous reviewer and M. Kogan for their constructive comments. The GRACE data for this paper are available at http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/GRACE. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5797 EP 5805 DI 10.1002/2014GL060905 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ4HT UT WOS:000342755400015 ER PT J AU King, TL Henderson, AP Kynard, BE Kieffer, MC Peterson, DL Aunins, AW Brown, BL AF King, Tim L. Henderson, Anne P. Kynard, Boyd E. Kieffer, Micah C. Peterson, Douglas L. Aunins, Aaron W. Brown, Bonnie L. TI A Nuclear DNA Perspective on Delineating Evolutionarily Significant Lineages in Polyploids: The Case of the Endangered Shortnose Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; ORDER ACIPENSERIFORMES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; OXYRINCHUS-DESOTOI; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GREEN STURGEON; CONTROL REGION; CONSERVATION AB The shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, oft considered a phylogenetic relic, is listed as an "endangered species threatened with extinction'' in the US and "Vulnerable'' on the IUCN Red List. Effective conservation of A. brevirostrum depends on understanding its diversity and evolutionary processes, yet challenges associated with the polyploid nature of its nuclear genome have heretofore limited population genetic analysis to maternally inherited haploid characters. We developed a suite of polysomic microsatellite DNA markers and characterized a sample of 561 shortnose sturgeon collected from major extant populations along the North American Atlantic coast. The 181 alleles observed at 11 loci were scored as binary loci and the data were subjected to multivariate ordination, Bayesian clustering, hierarchical partitioning of variance, and among-population distance metric tests. The methods uncovered moderately high levels of gene diversity suggesting population structuring across and within three metapopulations (Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Southeast) that encompass seven demographically discrete and evolutionarily distinct lineages. The predicted groups are consistent with previously described behavioral patterns, especially dispersal and migration, supporting the interpretation that A. brevirostrum exhibit adaptive differences based on watershed. Combined with results of prior genetic (mitochondrial DNA) and behavioral studies, the current work suggests that dispersal is an important factor in maintaining genetic diversity in A. brevirostrum and that the basic unit for conservation management is arguably the local population. C1 [King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Henderson, Anne P.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Kynard, Boyd E.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kieffer, Micah C.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Peterson, Douglas L.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Aunins, Aaron W.] Cherokee Nat Technol Solut, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Brown, Bonnie L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tlking@usgs.gov FU National Capital Region (NCR) of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS); U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Leetown Science Center through the National Resources Preservation Program; Northeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division, NOAA Fisheries, Department of Commerce FX The National Capital Region (NCR) of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Leetown Science Center provided principal funding for this project through the National Resources Preservation Program. The Northeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division, NOAA Fisheries, Department of Commerce also provided partial funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e102784 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102784 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO4JP UT WOS:000341303700002 PM 25166503 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HS Rulison, EL Azevedo, A Pang, GC Kuczaj, IM Tsao, JI LeBrun, RA AF Ginsberg, Howard S. Rulison, Eric L. Azevedo, Alexandra Pang, Genevieve C. Kuczaj, Isis M. Tsao, Jean I. LeBrun, Roger A. TI Comparison of survival patterns of northern and southern genotypes of the North American tick Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) under northern and southern conditions SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; Survival; Northern genotypes; Southern genotypes; Geographical gradients ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-BASED MODEL; LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; VECTOR; TEMPERATURE; NYMPHS; FIELD; RISK AB Background: Several investigators have reported genetic differences between northern and southern populations of Ixodes scapularis in North America, as well as differences in patterns of disease transmission. Ecological and behavioral correlates of these genetic differences, which might have implications for disease transmission, have not been reported. We compared survival of northern with that of southern genotypes under both northern and southern environmental conditions in laboratory trials. Methods: Subadult I. scapularis from laboratory colonies that originated from adults collected from deer from several sites in the northeastern, north central, and southern U. S. were exposed to controlled conditions in environmental chambers. Northern and southern genotypes were exposed to light: dark and temperature conditions of northern and southern sites with controlled relative humidities, and mortality through time was recorded. Results: Ticks from different geographical locations differed in survival patterns, with larvae from Wisconsin surviving longer than larvae from Massachusetts, South Carolina or Georgia, when held under the same conditions. In another experiment, larvae from Florida survived longer than larvae from Michigan. Therefore, survival patterns of regional genotypes did not follow a simple north-south gradient. The most consistent result was that larvae from all locations generally survived longer under northern conditions than under southern conditions. Conclusions: Our results suggest that conditions in southern North America are less hospitable than in the north to populations of I. scapularis. Southern conditions might have resulted in ecological or behavioral adaptations that contribute to the relative rarity of I. scapularis borne diseases, such as Lyme borreliosis, in the southern compared to the northern United States. C1 [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, RI Field Stn, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.; Rulison, Eric L.; Azevedo, Alexandra; LeBrun, Roger A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Pang, Genevieve C.; Kuczaj, Isis M.; Tsao, Jean I.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, RI Field Stn, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM hginsberg@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation EID award [EF 0914476]; University of Rhode Island; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank E. Hofmeister, G. Hickling, and R. Burke for constructive comments on early drafts of the manuscript. F. Mackechnie and M. MacKenzie assisted with experimental setup and observations. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was supported by National Science Foundation EID award EF 0914476, by the University of Rhode Island, and by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD AUG 26 PY 2014 VL 7 AR 394 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-7-394 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA AO5QL UT WOS:000341399900001 PM 25160464 ER PT J AU Schlaepfer, DR Lauenroth, WK Bradford, JB AF Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Lauenroth, William K. Bradford, John B. TI Modeling regeneration responses of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) to abiotic conditions SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Differential evolution optimization; Germination; Rangeland restoration; Sagebrush reclamation; Seedling survival; Soil water simulation ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PREDICTING GERMINATION; SOIL-WATER; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SEED PRODUCTION; MINED LANDS; PATTERNS; EMERGENCE; SEEDLINGS; ACCURACY AB Ecosystems dominated by big sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata Nuttall (Asteraceae), which are the most widespread ecosystems in semiarid western North America, have been affected by land use practices and invasive species. Loss of big sagebrush and the decline of associated species, such as greater sage-grouse, are a concern to land managers and conservationists. However, big sagebrush regeneration remains difficult to achieve by restoration and reclamation efforts and there is no regeneration simulation model available. We present here the first process-based, daily time-step, simulation model to predict yearly big sagebrush regeneration including relevant germination and seedling responses to abiotic factors. We estimated values, uncertainty, and importance of 27 model parameters using a total of 1435 site-years of observation. Our model explained 74% of variability of number of years with successful regeneration at 46 sites. It also achieved 60% overall accuracy predicting yearly regeneration success/failure. Our results identify specific future research needed to improve our understanding of big sagebrush regeneration, including data at the subspecies level and improved parameter estimates for start of seed dispersal, modified wet thermal-time model of germination, and soil water potential influences. We found that relationships between big sagebrush regeneration and climate conditions were site specific, varying across the distribution of big sagebrush. This indicates that statistical models based on climate are unsuitable for understanding range-wide regeneration patterns or for assessing the potential consequences of changing climate on sagebrush regeneration and underscores the value of this process-based model. We used our model to predict potential regeneration across the range of sagebrush ecosystems in the western United States, which confirmed that seedling survival is a limiting factor, whereas germination is not. Our results also suggested that modeled regeneration suitability is necessary but not sufficient to explain sagebrush presence. We conclude that future assessment of big sagebrush responses to climate change will need to account for responses of regenerative stages using a process-based understanding, such as provided by our model. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Schlaepfer, DR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dschlaep@uwyo.edu; wlauenro@uwyo.edu; jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Schlaepfer, Daniel/D-1756-2009 OI Schlaepfer, Daniel/0000-0001-9973-2065 FU US Geological Survey, Southern Rockies Landscape Conservation Cooperative [G11AC20366]; University of Wyoming FX We thank the US Geological Survey, Southern Rockies Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Grant G11AC20366, and the University of Wyoming for funding, and Donovan Miller for implementing the soil temperature module in SOILWAT. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 24 PY 2014 VL 286 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.021 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7HQ UT WOS:000338599700008 ER PT J AU Hope, AG Panter, N Cook, JA Talbot, SL Nagorsen, DW AF Hope, Andrew G. Panter, Nicholas Cook, Joseph A. Talbot, Sandra L. Nagorsen, David W. TI Multilocus phylogeography and systematic revision of North American water shrews (genus: Sorex) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian skyline plot; Quaternary refugia; Sorex bendirii; Sorex palustris; speciation; species tree estimation ID VANCOUVER-ISLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-GROWTH; OCHOTONA-PRINCEPS; SPECIES TREES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; STATISTICAL-METHOD; MAMMALIAN GENOMES; DNA POLYMORPHISM; SHALLOW HISTORY AB North American water shrews, which have traditionally included Sorex alaskanus, S. bendirii, and S. palustris, are widely distributed through Nearctic boreal forests and adapted for life in semiaquatic environments. Molecular mitochondrial signatures for these species have recorded an evolutionary history with variable levels of regional divergence, suggesting a strong role of Quaternary environmental change in speciation processes. We expanded molecular analyses, including more-comprehensive rangewide sampling of specimens representing North American water shrew taxa, except S. alaskanus, and sequencing of 4 independent loci from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. We investigated relative divergence of insular populations along the North Pacific Coast, and newly recognized diversity from southwestern montane locations, potentially representing refugial isolates. Congruent independent genealogies, lack of definitive evidence for contemporary gene flow, and high support from coalescent species trees indicated differentiation of 4 major geographic lineages over multiple glacial cycles of the late Quaternary, similar to a growing number of boreal taxa. Limited divergence of insular populations suggested colonization following the last glacial. Characterization of southwestern montane diversity will require further sampling but divergence over multiple loci is indicative of a relictual sky-island fauna. We have reviewed and revised North American water shrew taxonomy including the recognition of 3 species within what was previously known as S. palustris. The possibility of gene flow between most distantly related North American water shrew lineages coupled with unresolved early diversification of this group and other sibling species reflects a complex but potentially productive system for investigating speciation processes. C1 [Hope, Andrew G.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Panter, Nicholas; Nagorsen, David W.] Royal BC Museum, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, Canada. [Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hope, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ahope@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [NSF0415668, 0731350, 1258010]; United States Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Director's DOT on the Landscape initiative; National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health [RR016466] FX We thank T. Jung, J. Whitman, S. O. MacDonald, C. Ramotnik, J. Malaney, and J. Lackey for assistance with sample collection. Tissues were supplied from the Museum of Southwestern Biology, Royal British Columbia Museum, and the University of Alaska Museum of the North. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF0415668, 0731350, and 1258010) and the United States Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Director's DOT on the Landscape initiative. Statistical analyses were facilitated by the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Life Science Informatics Portal, http://biotech.inbre.alaska.edu. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Life Science Informatics as a core research resource is supported by grant RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. We thank D. J. Hafner for insightful discussion and comments on an earlier version, and J. Pearce and 2 anonymous peers for reviewing the manuscript. NR 84 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG 22 PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 722 EP 738 DI 10.1644/13-MAMM-A-196 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AO1IG UT WOS:000341065200005 ER PT J AU Guevara, L Sanchez-Cordero, V Leon-Paniagua, L Woodman, N AF Guevara, Lazaro Sanchez-Cordero, Victor Leon-Paniagua, Livia Woodman, Neal TI A new species of small-eared shrew (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Cryptotis) from the Lacandona rain forest, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Chiapas; Cryptotis nigrescens species group; North America; protected area; Soricidae; tropical forests ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; SORICOMORPHA SORICIDAE; DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS; YUCATAN PENINSULA; CHIAPAS; INSECTIVORA; GUATEMALA; HIGHLANDS; HONDURAS AB The diversity and distribution of mammals in the American tropics remain incompletely known. We describe a new species of small-eared shrew (Soricidae, Cryptotis) from the Lacandona rain forest, Chiapas, southern Mexico. The new species is distinguished from other species of Cryptotis on the basis of a unique combination of pelage coloration, size, dental, cranial, postcranial, and external characters, and genetic distances. It appears most closely related to species in the Cryptotis nigrescens species group, which occurs from southern Mexico to montane regions of Colombia. This discovery is particularly remarkable because the new species is from a low-elevation habitat (approximately 90 m), whereas most shrews in the region are restricted to higher elevations, typically > 1,000 m. The only known locality for the new shrew is in one of the last areas in southern Mexico where relatively undisturbed tropical vegetation is still found. The type locality is protected by the Mexican government as part of the Yaxchilan Archaeological Site on the border between Mexico and Guatemala. C1 [Guevara, Lazaro] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Coyoacan 04360, DF, Mexico. [Guevara, Lazaro; Sanchez-Cordero, Victor] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Leon-Paniagua, Livia] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Evolut Biol, Museo Zool Alfonso L Herrera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Woodman, Neal] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Guevara, L (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Av Ciudad Univ 3000, Coyoacan 04360, DF, Mexico. EM llg@st.ib.unam.mx OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 FU Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas (UNAM); Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologia (CONACYT); Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) [FB1587/JM044/12] FX We thank the following curators and collection managers for the facilities offered to examine specimens in the collections under their care: N. B. Simmons, R. S. Voss, and E. Westwig (AMNH); R. C. Dowler (ASNHC); P. D. Jenkins, R. Portela M., and L. Tomsett (BMNH); L. F. Baptista (CAS); S. McLaren and J. R. Wible (CMNH); Fernando A. Cervantes (CNMA); Consuelo Lorenzo (ECO-SC-M); S. T Alvarez (ENCB), L. R. Heaney, B. D. Patterson, and W. S. Stanley (FMNH); R. M. Timm (KU); J. M. Chupasko (MCZ); S. Jansa (MMNH); G. Pothet, M. Tranier, and C. Denys (MNHN); A. Engilis, Jr. (WFB); F. Spitzenberger (NMW); M. D. Engstrom (ROM); G. Storch (SMF); G. D. Schrimper (SUI); J. Ramirez-Pulido and N. Gonzalez-Ruiz (UAMI); S. Betancourt (UADY); P. Myers (UMMZ); S. G. Perez (USAC); and S. Peurach (USNM). We express our gratitude to M. Garcia-Varela and C. Pinacho for facilitating use of the molecular lab, C. Loyola for her assistance with the production of photographs, and E. Esparza for drawing the upper tooth row. S. Ortega-Garcia provided invaluable support with database of shrews. We thank O. F. Francke for comments on Lacandona's biodiversity. LG is grateful to Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas (UNAM), and Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologia (CONACYT) for grants and fellowships. Funding for the biological data cleaning was provided by Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO, FB1587/JM044/12). L. Carraway and an anonymous reviewer provided useful feedback on a previous version of our manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG 22 PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 739 EP 753 DI 10.1644/14-MAMM-A-018 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AO1IG UT WOS:000341065200006 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP Herman, MW Barnhart, WD Furlong, KP Riquelme, S Benz, HM Bergman, E Barrientos, S Earle, PS Samsonov, S AF Hayes, Gavin P. Herman, Matthew W. Barnhart, William D. Furlong, Kevin P. Riquelme, Sebastian Benz, Harley M. Bergman, Eric Barrientos, Sergio Earle, Paul S. Samsonov, Sergey TI Continuing megathrust earthquake potential in Chile after the 2014 Iquique earthquake SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INVERSION; DEFORMATION; RESOLUTION; SPACE; ZONE; IRAN; GPS AB The seismic gap theory(1) identifies regions of elevated hazard based on a lack of recent seismicity in comparison with other portions of a fault. It has successfully explained past earthquakes (see, for example, ref. 2) and is useful for qualitatively describing where large earthquakes might occur. A large earthquake had been expected in the subduction zone adjacent to northern Chile(3-6), which had not ruptured in a megathrust earthquake since a M similar to 8.8 event in 1877. On 1 April 2014 a M8.2 earthquake occurred within this seismic gap. Here we present an assessment of the seismotectonics of the March-April 2014 Iquique sequence, including analyses of earthquake relocations, moment tensors, finite fault models, moment deficit calculations and cumulative Coulomb stress transfer. This ensemble of information allows us to place the sequence within the context of regional seismicity and to identify areas of remaining and/or elevated hazard. Our results constrain the size and spatial extent of rupture, and indicate that this was not the earthquake that had been anticipated. Significant sections of the northern Chile subduction zone have not ruptured in almost 150 years, so it is likely that future megathrust earthquakes will occur to the south and potentially to the north of the 2014 Iquique sequence. C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.; Barnhart, William D.; Benz, Harley M.; Earle, Paul S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Herman, Matthew W.; Furlong, Kevin P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Riquelme, Sebastian; Barrientos, Sergio] Univ Chile, Ctr Sismol Nacl, Santiago 8370449, Chile. [Bergman, Eric] Global Seismol Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Samsonov, Sergey] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov RI Barnhart, William/L-9446-2015; OI Herman, Matthew/0000-0003-4684-9459; Samsonov, Sergey/0000-0002-6798-4847 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1153317] FX We thank R. Briggs for his comments in improving the manuscript. We thank the CSN, and member institutions of the IPOC network for their operation of seismic stations in northern Chile and for the contribution of waveform data and phase picks to this study. This study made use of broadband seismic data from globally distributed seismometers available to the USGS NEIC in real timeor near real time (networks AE, BK, C, CN, CU, DK, G, GE, GT, IC, II, IU, IW and US) and archived in the NEIC Central Waveform Buffer and at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center. RADARSAT-2 data were provided by the Canadian Space Agency and MDA Corporation. Bathymetry data come from GEBCO 2008 (ref. 30). Many of the figures were made with the Generic Mapping Tools software package31. National Science Foundation grant EAR-1153317 provided support to K. P. F. and M. W. H. for this research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 21 PY 2014 VL 512 IS 7514 BP 295 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13677 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN3SF UT WOS:000340508200031 PM 25119028 ER PT J AU Hauptman, BS Barrows, FT Block, SS Gaylord, TG Paterson, JA Rawles, SD Sealey, WM AF Hauptman, Blake S. Barrows, Frederic T. Block, Stephanie S. Gaylord, T. Gibson Paterson, John A. Rawles, Steven D. Sealey, Wendy M. TI Evaluation of grain distillers dried yeast as a fish meal substitute in practical-type diets of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Alternative protein; Rainbow trout; Grain distillers dried yeast; Fish nutrition ID APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; ETHANOL YEAST; SUNSHINE BASS; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN; FEEDS; INGREDIENTS; REPLACEMENT; PERFORMANCE; AQUAFEEDS AB Grain distillers dried yeast (GDDY) is a single-cell protein obtained as a co-product during the production of fuel ethanol that may have potential as a protein replacement for rainbow trout. The goal of this study was to examine the suitability of GDDY as a replacement for fish meal on a digestible protein basis in rainbow trout diets. An in-vivo digestibility study was performed to determine the nutrient availability of GDDY. Subsequently, a control diet containing 42% digestible protein and 20% lipid was formulated to replace fish meal protein with GDDY protein at eight different levels (0, 25, 375, 50, 62.5, 75, 875, and 100%). Diets were fed to juvenile rainbow trout stocked into four replicate tanks per dietary treatment (30 fish/tank) and fed twice daily for nine weeks. High GDDY inclusion rates significantly altered rainbow trout growth and feed conversion but not feed intake. There were no significant differences in production performance in fish fed the 25% GDDY and 37.5% GDDY diets when compared to fish fed the control diet, but further dietary fish meal replacement generally decreased fish performance. Further research is warranted to determine why fish performance decreased with higher inclusion levels of GDDY in spite of similar feed intake among levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hauptman, Blake S.; Gaylord, T. Gibson; Sealey, Wendy M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Hauptman, Blake S.; Paterson, John A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Trout Grains Project, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Block, Stephanie S.] ADM Res, Decatur, IL 62521 USA. [Rawles, Steven D.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM Wendy_Sealey@fws.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 20 PY 2014 VL 432 SI SI BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.026 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP7HA UT WOS:000342247200002 ER PT J AU Mashintonio, AF Pimm, SL Harris, GM van Aarde, RJ Russell, GJ AF Mashintonio, Andrew F. Pimm, Stuart L. Harris, Grant M. van Aarde, Rudi J. Russell, Gareth J. TI Data-driven discovery of the spatial scales of habitat choice by elephants SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Etosha National Park; Loxodonta africana; Maputo Elephant Reserve; Resource selection function; Scale-dependent preference; Smoothing kernel ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; NATIONAL-PARK; SAVANNA ELEPHANTS; SEGREGATION; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY; MODELS AB Setting conservation goals and management objectives relies on understanding animal habitat preferences. Models that predict preferences combine location data from tracked animals with environmental information, usually at a spatial resolution determined by the available data. This resolution may be biologically irrelevant for the species in question. Individuals likely integrate environmental characteristics over varying distances when evaluating their surroundings; we call this the scale of selection. Even a single characteristic might be viewed differently at different scales; for example, a preference for sheltering under trees does not necessarily imply a fondness for continuous forest. Multi-scale preference is likely to be particularly evident for animals that occupy coarsely heterogeneous landscapes like savannahs. We designed a method to identify scales at which species respond to resources and used these scales to build preference models. We represented different scales of selection by locally averaging, or smoothing, the environmental data using kernels of increasing radii. First, we examined each environmental variable separately across a spectrum of selection scales and found peaks of fit. These 'candidate' scales then determined the environmental data layers entering a multivariable conditional logistic model. We used model selection via AIC to determine the important predictors out of this set. We demonstrate this method using savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) inhabiting two parks in southern Africa. The multi-scale models were more parsimonious than models using environmental data at only the source resolution. Maps describing habitat preferences also improved when multiple scales were included, as elephants were more often in places predicted to have high neighborhood quality. We conclude that elephants select habitat based on environmental qualities at multiple scales. For them, and likely many other species, biologists should include multiple scales in models of habitat selection. Species environmental preferences and their geospatial projections will be more accurately represented, improving management decisions and conservation planning. C1 [Mashintonio, Andrew F.; Russell, Gareth J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Pimm, Stuart L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Harris, Grant M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [van Aarde, Rudi J.] Univ Pretoria, Conservat Ecol Res Unit, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Russell, Gareth J.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Mashintonio, AF (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM andrmash@scarletmail.rutgers.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service [98210-2-G365, 98210-3-G651, 98210-2-G300]; Peace Parks Foundation [PPF/P/24] FX The fieldwork was funded through grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service (98210-2-G365, 98210-3-G651 & 98210-2-G300) and the Peace Parks Foundation (PPF/P/24) to RJ van Aarde. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 40 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 2 AR e504 DI 10.7717/peerj.504 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY5MY UT WOS:000347617700002 PM 25177532 ER PT J AU Amos, HM Jacob, DJ Kocman, D Horowitz, HM Zhang, YX Dutkiewicz, S Horvat, M Corbitt, ES Krabbenhoft, DP Sunderland, EM AF Amos, Helen M. Jacob, Daniel J. Kocman, David Horowitz, Hannah M. Zhang, Yanxu Dutkiewicz, Stephanie Horvat, Milena Corbitt, Elizabeth S. Krabbenhoft, David P. Sunderland, Elsie M. TI Global Biogeochemical Implications of Mercury Discharges from Rivers and Sediment Burial SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; METAL ACCUMULATION; MACKENZIE RIVER; HEAVY-METALS; MASS-BALANCE; SOUTH CHINA; ESTUARY; WATER; SPECIATION AB Rivers are an important source of mercury (Hg) to marine ecosystems. Based on an analysis of compiled observations, we estimate global present-day Hg discharges from rivers to ocean margins are 27 +/- 13 Mmol a(-1) (5500 +/- 2700 Mg a(-1)), of which 28% reaches the open ocean and the rest is deposited to ocean margin sediments. Globally, the source of Hg to the open ocean from rivers amounts to 30% of atmospheric inputs. This is larger than previously estimated due to accounting for elevated concentrations in Asian rivers and variability in offshore transport across different types of estuaries. Riverine inputs of Hg to the North Atlantic have decreased several-fold since the 1970s while inputs to the North Pacific have increased. These trends have large effects on Hg concentrations at ocean margins but are too small in the open ocean to explain observed declines of seawater concentrations in the North Atlantic or increases in the North Pacific. Burial of Hg in ocean margin sediments represents a major sink in the global Hg biogeochemical cycle that has not been previously considered. We find that including this sink in a fully coupled global biogeochemical box model helps to balance the large anthropogenic release of Hg from commercial products recently added to global inventories. It also implies that legacy anthropogenic Hg can be removed from active environmental cycling on a faster time scale (centuries instead of millennia). Natural environmental Hg levels are lower than previously estimated, implying a relatively larger impact from human activity. C1 [Jacob, Daniel J.; Horowitz, Hannah M.; Corbitt, Elizabeth S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Zhang, Yanxu; Sunderland, Elsie M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kocman, David; Horvat, Milena] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Environm Sci, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Dutkiewicz, Stephanie] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Amos, Helen M.; Sunderland, Elsie M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Amos, HM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM hamos@hsph.harvard.edu RI Zhang, Yanxu/H-6165-2016; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014 OI Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548 FU NSF Divisions of Atmospheric Chemistry [ATM0961357]; Chemical Oceanography [OCE1130549]; Arctic Great Rivers Observatory team [NSF OPP-0732522, OPP-0732821, OPP-1107774]; USGS Toxics program; NSF GFRP; 7FP GMOS; ARRS program [P1-0143] FX The authors would like to thank the editor and three reviewers for their thoughtful comments and improvements to the manuscript. Financial support for work at Harvard was from the NSF Divisions of Atmospheric Chemistry (ATM0961357) and Chemical Oceanography (OCE1130549). Sample collection and analysis for the Arctic rivers used in this paper were provided by collaboration between the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory team (www.arcticgreatrivers.org; NSF OPP-0732522, OPP-0732821, and OPP-1107774) and the USGS Toxics program. H.M.A. acknowledges support from NSF GFRP. J.S.I. thanks the support from the 7FP GMOS and ARRS program P1-0143. We thank Anne Soerensen, Mark Brigham, and Rob Mason for their helpful discussion. H.M.A. acknowledges use of NCL software version 6.1.2 (http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/) to create Figures 1, 3, and 4. NR 80 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 18 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 16 BP 9514 EP 9522 DI 10.1021/es502134t PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6JW UT WOS:000340701800069 PM 25066365 ER PT J AU Route, WT Russell, RE Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ Key, RL AF Route, William T. Russell, Robin E. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Strynar, Mark J. Key, Rebecca L. TI Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Concentrations of Perfluorinated Compounds in Bald Eagle Nestlings in the Upper Midwestern United States (vol 48, pg 6653, 2014) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Route, William T.; Key, Rebecca L.] Natl Pk Serv, Great Lakes Inventory & Monitoring Network, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Route, WT (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Great Lakes Inventory & Monitoring Network, Suite D,2800 Lake Shore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 16 BP 9957 EP 9957 DI 10.1021/es503206c PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6JW UT WOS:000340701800127 ER PT J AU Corsi, SR Borchardt, MA Spencer, SK Hughes, PE Baldwin, AK AF Corsi, S. R. Borchardt, M. A. Spencer, S. K. Hughes, P. E. Baldwin, A. K. TI Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River watershed: Hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Human viruses; Watershed; Hydrologic event; Automated sampling; Seasonality ID HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUSES; ACUTE GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; DRINKING-WATER; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; SOURCE-TRACKING; COASTAL WATERS; SEPTIC SYSTEM; HEALTH-RISKS AB To examine the occurrence, hydrologic variability, and seasonal variability of human and bovine viruses in surface water, three stream locations were monitored in the Milwaukee River watershed in Wisconsin, USA, from February 2007 through June 2008. Monitoring sites included an urban subwatershed, a rural subwatershed, and the Milwaukee River at the mouth. To collect samples that characterize variability throughout changing hydrologic periods, a process control system was developed for unattended, large-volume (56-2800 L) filtration over extended durations. This system provided flow-weighted mean concentrations during runoff and extended (24-h) low-flow periods. Human viruses and bovine viruses were detected by real-time qPCR in 49% and 41% of samples (n = 63), respectively. All human viruses analyzed were detected at least once including adenovirus (40% of samples), GI norovirus (10%), enterovirus (8%), rotavirus (6%), GII norovirus (1.6%) and hepatitis A virus (1.6%). Three of seven bovine viruses analyzed were detected including bovine polyomavirus (32%), bovine rotavirus (19%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (5%). Human viruses were present in 63% of runoff samples resulting from precipitation and snowmelt, and 20% of low-flow samples. Maximum human virus concentrations exceeded 300 genomic copies/L. Bovine viruses were present in 46% of runoff samples resulting from precipitation and snowmelt and 14% of low-flow samples. The maximum bovine virus concentration was 11 genomic copies/L. Statistical modeling indicated that stream flow, precipitation, and season explained the variability of human viruses in the watershed, and hydrologic condition (runoff event or low-flow) and season explained the variability of the sum of human and bovine viruses; however, no model was identified that could explain the variability of bovine viruses alone. Understanding the factors that affect virus fate and transport in rivers will aid watershed management for minimizing human exposure and disease transmission. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Corsi, S. R.; Hughes, P. E.; Baldwin, A. K.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Borchardt, M. A.; Spencer, S. K.] ARS, USDA, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Corsi, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM srcorsi@usgs.gov OI Baldwin, Austin/0000-0002-6027-3823 FU Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District [11E4WI24910031]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Support for this research was provided by the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (11E4WI24910031) and the U.S. Geological Survey. Thanks to Christopher Magruder from Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District and Michelle Lutz and Jordan Gonnering in the U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Water Program for their contributions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 490 BP 849 EP 860 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY0NT UT WOS:000347293800090 PM 24908645 ER PT J AU Rowell, CR Fee, D Szuberla, CAL Arnoult, K Matoza, RS Firstov, PP Kim, K Makhmudov, E AF Rowell, Colin R. Fee, David Szuberla, Curt A. L. Arnoult, Ken Matoza, Robin S. Firstov, Pavel P. Kim, Keehoon Makhmudov, Evgeniy TI Three-dimensional volcano-acoustic source localization at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Volcano acoustics; 3-D source localization; Karymsky volcano; Jet noise ID NOISE-SOURCE DISTRIBUTION; JET-NOISE; DEGASSING EXPLOSIONS; THERMAL IMAGERY; INFRASOUND; ERUPTION; SEMBLANCE; TRACKING; TREMOR; FIELD AB We test two methods of 3-D acoustic source localization on volcanic explosions and small-scale jetting events at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Recent infrasound studies have provided evidence that volcanic jets produce low-frequency aerodynamic sound (jet noise) similar to that from man-made jet engines. For man-made jet noise, noise sources localize along the turbulent jet flow downstream of the nozzle. Discrimination of jet noise sources along the axis of a volcanic jet requires high resolution in the vertical dimension, which is very difficult to achieve with typical volcano-acoustic network geometries. At Katymsky Volcano, an eroded edifice (Dvor Caldera) adjacent to the active cone provided a platform for the deployment of five infrasound sensors in July 2012 with intra-network relief of similar to 600 m. The network was designed to target large-scale jetting, but unfortunately only small-scale jetting and explosions were recorded during the 12-day experiment. A novel 3-D inverse localization method, srcLoc, is tested and compared against a more common grid-search semblance technique. Simulations using synthetic signals show that srcLoc is capable of determining vertical solutions to within +/- 150 m or better (for signal-to-noise ratios >= 1) for this network configuration. However, srcLoc locations for explosions and small-scale jetting at Karymsky Volcano show a persistent overestimation of source elevation and underestimation of sound speed. The semblance method provides more realistic source locations, likely because it uses a fixed, realistic sound speed of similar to 340 m/s. Explosion waveforms exhibit amplitude relationships and waveform distortion strikingly similar to those theorized by modeling studies of wave diffraction around the crater rim. We suggest that the delay of acoustic signals and apparent elevated source locations are due to raypaths altered by topography and/or crater diffraction effects, implying that topography in the vent region must be accounted for when attempting 3-D volcano acoustic source localization. Though the data presented here are insufficient to resolve small-scale jet noise sources, similar techniques may be successfully applied to large volcanic jets in the future. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rowell, Colin R.; Fee, David; Szuberla, Curt A. L.; Arnoult, Ken] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fee, David] Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Matoza, Robin S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Firstov, Pavel P.; Makhmudov, Evgeniy] Kamchatka Branch, Geophys Survey, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Kamchatka, Russia. [Kim, Keehoon] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Rowell, CR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Room 506,903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM crrowell@alaska.edu RI Kim, Keehoon/J-8279-2015 OI Kim, Keehoon/0000-0002-8635-0428 FU Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks; NSF [EAR-1113294]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA08NWS4680044] FX This research was completed with support from the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks. This research was funded via NSF grant EAR-1113294, and via the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Specific Cooperative Agreement NA08NWS4680044. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 283 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.06.015 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO7UJ UT WOS:000341557800008 ER PT J AU Jones, DK Baker, ME Miller, AJ Jarnagin, ST Hogan, DM AF Jones, Daniel K. Baker, Matthew E. Miller, Andrew J. Jarnagin, S. Taylor Hogan, Dianna M. TI Tracking geomorphic signatures of watershed suburbanization with multitemporal LiDAR SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LiDAR time series; Urbanization; Land cover change; Digital elevation models; Anthropogenic geomorphology; Watershed ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; DRAINAGE NETWORKS; HEADWATER STREAMS; CHANNEL NETWORKS; URBANIZATION; EXTRACTION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS AB Urban development practices redistribute surface materials through filling, grading, and terracing, causing drastic changes to the geomorphic organization of the landscape. Many studies document the hydrologic, biologic, or geomorphic consequences of urbanization using space-for-time comparisons of disparate urban and rural landscapes. However, no previous studies have documented geomorphic changes from development using multiple dates of high-resolution topographic data at the watershed scale. This study utilized a time series of five sequential light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived digital elevation models (DEMs) to track watershed geomorphic changes within two watersheds throughout development (2002-2008) and across multiple spatial scales (0.01-1 km(2)). Development-induced changes were compared against an undeveloped forested watershed during the same time period. Changes in elevations, slopes, hypsometry, and surface flow pathways were tracked throughout the development process to assess watershed geomorphic alterations. Results suggest that development produced an increase in sharp topographic breaks between relatively flat surfaces and steep slopes, replacing smoothly varying hillslopes and leading to greater variation in slopes. Examinations of flowpath distributions highlight systematic modifications that favor rapid convergence in unchanneled upland areas. Evidence of channel additions in the form of engineered surface conduits is apparent in comparisons of pre- and post-development stream maps. These results suggest that topographic modification, in addition to impervious surfaces, contributes to altered hydrologic dynamics observed in urban systems. This work highlights important considerations for the use of repeat LiDAR flights in analyzing watershed change through time. Novel methods introduced here may allow improved understanding and targeted mitigation of the processes driving geomorphic changes during development and help guide future research directions for development-based watershed studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jones, Daniel K.; Hogan, Dianna M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jones, Daniel K.; Baker, Matthew E.; Miller, Andrew J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Jarnagin, S. Taylor] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Div Environm Sci, USEPA ORD Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jones, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dkjones@usgs.gov; mbaker@umbc.edu; miller@umbc.edu; jarnagin.taylor@epa.gov; dhogan@usgs.gov RI Baker, Matthew/I-2839-2014 OI Baker, Matthew/0000-0001-5069-0204 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-D-05-088] FX LiDAR funding provided in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under contract number EP-D-05-088 to Lockheed Martin. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. This work would not have been possible without the Clarksburg Integrated Study Partnership, which includes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Landscape Ecology Branch (USEPA LEB), Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection (PEP), the U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Geographic Science Center (USGS EGSC), the University of Maryland (UMD), and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). We would like to thank Adam Bentham, Richard Marston, and one anonymous referee for providing constructive feedback on our paper during the review process. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 219 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.038 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AM3TG UT WOS:000339775100004 ER PT J AU Youberg, AM Webb, RH Fenton, CR Pearthree, PA AF Youberg, Ann M. Webb, Robert H. Fenton, Cassandra R. Pearthree, Philip A. TI Latest Pleistocene-Holocene debris flow activity, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona; Implications for modern debris-flow hazards under a changing climate SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Debris flows; Surficial geology; Cosmogenic Be-10 dating; Debris-flow modeling; Semiarid; Arizona ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; OREGON COAST RANGE; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; PONDEROSA PINE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION HISTORY; FAN DEPOSITION; COLORADO RIVER; UNITED-STATES AB Hazard mitigation for extreme events such as debris flows requires geologic mapping and chronologic information, particularly for alluvial fans near mountain fronts in the southwestern United States. In July 2006, five consecutive days of monsoonal storms caused hundreds of debris flows in southeastern Arizona, particularly in the southern Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson. Before 2006, no historical debris flows from the Santa Catalina Mountains reached the populated mountain front, although abundant evidence of prehistoric debris flows is present on downslope alluvial fans. We used a combination of surficial geologic mapping and Be-10 exposure dating to produce a debris-flow history for Pima and Finger Rock Canyons. The largest debris flows, of latest Pleistocene to early Holocene age, covered much of the apices of alluvial fans formed at the mouths of these canyons and extended up to 3 km downslope. These debris-flow deposits were inset against higher and older alluvial surfaces with few debris-flow deposits of late Pleistocene age. The Be-10 ages in this study have considerable scatter for surfaces believed to be of uniform age, indicating the dual possibilities of inheritance from previous cosmic-ray exposure, as well as the potential for composite deposits derived from numerous debris flows. We then used an empirical inundation model, LAHARZ, to assess probable magnitudes of the older debris flows to evaluate possible initiation mechanisms. In-channel and terrace storage within the canyons is not sufficient to generate volumes likely needed to produce the larger late Pleistocene to early Holocene debris-flow deposits. The abundance of latest Pleistocene and early Holocene deposits suggests that large debris flows were generated during the instability associated with climate and vegetation changes at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Under present watershed conditions with limited sediment supplies, modern debris-flow hazards are generally limited to within mountains and near mountain fronts. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Youberg, Ann M.; Pearthree, Philip A.] Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Fenton, Cassandra R.] Dtsch Geoforschungszentrum, Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Youberg, AM (reprint author), Arizona Geol Survey, 416 W Congress,Suite 100, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. EM ann.youberg@azgs.az.gov OI Fenton, Cassandra/0000-0002-2989-3629 FU Pima County Regional Flood Control District; Arizona Geological Survey [139386-0307]; U.S. Geological Survey FX The Pima County Regional Flood Control District, the Arizona Geological Survey (139386-0307), and the U.S. Geological Survey funded this work in response to the 2006 debris flows in southern Arizona. We thank the many home owners, home owner associations, and the Coronado National Forest for providing access to alluvial fans. Colby Bowser, from County Supervisor Ann Day's office, was especially helpful in obtaining access permissions. Numerous discussions with Joe Cook and Mike Cline of the Arizona Geological Survey, both in the office and the field, provided the framework for mapping these deposits and understanding the past debris-flow events. Chris Magirl and Peter Griffiths of the U.S. Geological Survey, and Evan Canfield, Mark Krieski, and Akitsu Kimoto of Pima County Regional Flood Control District, engaged in many discussions about this work and provided thoughtful reviews that substantially improved this manuscript Pima County Flood Control provided the 1-m LiDAR data. Bodo Bookhagen provided guidance for cosmogenic sample pretreatment Helen Raichle assisted with sample preparation, and Dylan H. Rood and Robert C. Finkel facilitated the cosmogenic dating at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Comments from three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 219 BP 87 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.034 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AM3TG UT WOS:000339775100007 ER PT J AU Guerriero, L Coe, JA Revellino, P Grelle, G Pinto, F Guadagno, FM AF Guerriero, Luigi Coe, Jeffrey A. Revellino, Paola Grelle, Gerardo Pinto, Felice Guadagno, Francesco M. TI Influence of slip-surface geometry on earth-flow deformation, Montaguto earth flow, southern Italy SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Earth flow; Structure; Kinematic; Sediment pulse; Landslide; Italy ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; LANDSLIDE; EVOLUTION; PROPAGATION; KINEMATICS; MOVEMENT; ELEMENTS; WAVE AB We investigated relations between slip-surface geometry and deformational structures and hydrologic features at the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy between 1954 and 2010. We used 25 boreholes, 15 static cone-penetration tests, and 22 shallow-seismic profiles to define the geometry of basal- and lateral-slip surfaces; and 9 multitemporal maps to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of normal faults, thrust faults, back-tilted surfaces, strike-slip faults, flank ridges, folds, ponds, and springs. We infer that the slip surface is a repeating series of steeply sloping surfaces (risers) and gently sloping surfaces (treads). Stretching of earth-flow material created normal faults at risers, and shortening of earth-flow material created thrust faults, back-tilted surfaces, and ponds at treads. Individual pairs of risers and treads formed quasi-discrete kinematic zones within the earth flow that operated in unison to transmit pulses of sediment along the length of the flow. The locations of strike-slip faults, flank ridges, and folds were not controlled by basal-slip surface topography but were instead dependent on earth-flow volume and lateral changes in the direction of the earth-flow travel path. The earth-flow travel path was strongly influenced by inactive earth-flow deposits and pre-earth-flow drainages whose positions were determined by tectonic structures. The implications of our results that may be applicable to other earth flows are that structures with strikes normal to the direction of earth-flow motion (e.g., normal faults and thrust faults) can be used as a guide to the geometry of basal-slip surfaces, but that depths to the slip surface (i.e., the thickness of an earth flow) will vary as sediment pulses are transmitted through a flow. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guerriero, Luigi; Revellino, Paola; Grelle, Gerardo; Pinto, Felice; Guadagno, Francesco M.] Univ Sannio, Dept Sci & Technol, I-82100 Benevento, Italy. [Coe, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Guerriero, L (reprint author), Univ Sannio, Dept Sci & Technol, Via PortArsa 11, I-82100 Benevento, Italy. EM luigi.guerriero@unisannio.it RI Revellino, Paola/I-8958-2012; OI Revellino, Paola/0000-0001-8303-8407; Guadagno, Francesco Maria/0000-0001-5195-3758; grelle, gerardo/0000-0003-1128-5745; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 FU Italian National Research Council (CNR); Research Institute of Hydrological Protection (CNR-IRPI) of Turin [2010E89BPY_001]; U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program FX We thank William Stephenson (U.S. Geological Survey) for his support in the interpretation of seismic profiles, and Francis Ashland and Janet Slate (U.S. Geological Survey), Richard Marston, and two anonymous Geomorphology reviewers for their constructive reviews of this paper. This research was financed by the emergency management fund of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), the Research Institute of Hydrological Protection (CNR-IRPI) of Turin, PRIN 2010-2011 (project 2010E89BPY_001 to F.M. Guadagno), and the U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 219 BP 285 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.039 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AM3TG UT WOS:000339775100023 ER PT J AU Araujo, CV Borrego, AG Cardott, B das Chagas, RBA Flores, D Goncalves, P Hackley, PC Hower, JC Kern, ML Kus, J Mastalerz, M Mendonca, JG Mendonca, JD Menezes, TR Newman, J Suarez-Ruiz, I da Silva, FS de Souza, IV AF Araujo, Carla Viviane Borrego, Angeles G. Cardott, Brian das Chagas, Renata Brenand A. Flores, Deolinda Goncalves, Paula Hackley, Paul C. Hower, James C. Kern, Marcio Luciano Kus, Jolanta Mastalerz, Maria Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano Mendonca, Joalice de Oliveira Menezes, Taissa Rego Newman, Jane Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel da Silva, Frederico Sobrinho de Souza, Igor Viegas TI Petrographic maturity parameters of a Devonian shale maturation series, Appalachian Basin, USA. ICCP Thermal Indices Working Group interlaboratory exercise SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Devonian source rock; Fluorescence parameter; Maturation; Vitrinite reflectance; Interlaboratory study; Spectral fluorescence ID DISPERSED ORGANIC-MATTER; VITRINITE REFLECTANCE; BLACK SHALES; SOURCE ROCKS; FLUORESCENCE; HYDROCARBONS; GENERATION; CANADA AB This paper presents results of an interlaboratory exercise on organic matter optical maturity parameters using a natural maturation series comprised by three Devonian shale samples (Huron Member, Ohio Shale) from the Appalachian Basin, USA. This work was conducted by the Thermal Indices Working Group of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) Commission II (Geological Applications of Organic Petrology). This study aimed to compare: 1. maturation predicted by different types of petrographic parameters (vitrinite reflectance and spectral fluorescence of telalginite), 2. reproducibility of the results for these maturation parameters obtained by different laboratories, and 3. improvements in the spectral fluorescence measurement obtained using modem detection systems in comparison with the results from historical round robin exercises. Mean random vitrinite reflectance measurements presented the highest level of reproducibility (group standard deviation 0.05) for low maturity and reproducibility diminished with increasing maturation (group standard deviation 0.12). Corrected fluorescence spectra, provided by 14 participants, showed a fair to good correspondence. Standard deviation of the mean values for spectral parameters was lowest for the low maturity sample but was also fairly low for higher maturity samples. A significant improvement in the reproducibility of corrected spectral fluorescence curves was obtained in the current exercise compared to a previous investigation of Toarcian organic matter spectra in a maturation series from the Paris Basin. This improvement is demonstrated by lower values of standard deviation and is interpreted to reflect better performance of newer photo-optical measuring systems. Fluorescence parameters measured here are in good agreement with vitrinite reflectance values for the least mature shale but indicate higher maturity than shown by vitrinite reflectance for the two more mature shales. This red shift in lambda(max) beyond 0.65% vitrinite reflectance was also observed in studies of Devonian shale in other basins, suggesting that the accepted correlation for these two petrographic thermal maturity parameters needs to be re-evaluated. A good linear correlation between lambda(max) and T-max for this maturation series was observed and lambda(max) 600 nm corresponds to Tmax of 440 degrees C. Nevertheless if a larger set of Devonian samples is included, the correlation is polynomial with a jump in lambda(max) ranging from 540 to 570 nm. Up to 440 degrees C of T-max, the lambda(max), mostly, reaches up to 500 nm; beyond a T-max of 440 degrees C, lambda(max) is in the range of 580-600 nm. This relationship places the "red shift" when the onset of the oil window is reached at T-max of 440 degrees C. Moreover, the correlation between HI and lambda(max) (r(2) = 0.70) shows a striking inflection and decrease in HI above a lambda(max) of 600 nm, coincident with the approximate onset of hydrocarbon generation in these rocks. (C) 2014 International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Araujo, Carla Viviane; Menezes, Taissa Rego; de Souza, Igor Viegas] Petrobras Cenpes GEOQ PDGEO, BR-21941915 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Borrego, Angeles G.; Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel] Inst Nacl Carbon INCAR CSIC, Oviedo 33080, Spain. [Cardott, Brian] Oklahoma Geol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [das Chagas, Renata Brenand A.; Kern, Marcio Luciano; Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano; Mendonca, Joalice de Oliveira; da Silva, Frederico Sobrinho] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Geociencias IGEO, Dept Geol DEGL, Lab Palinofacies & Facies Organ LAFO, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Flores, Deolinda; Goncalves, Paula] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept & Ctr Geol, P-6874169 Oporto, Portugal. [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hower, James C.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Kus, Jolanta] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, Dept Geochem Petr & Coal, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Mastalerz, Maria] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Newman, Jane] Newman Energy Res Ltd, Christchurch 8002, New Zealand. RP Araujo, CV (reprint author), Petrobras Cenpes GEOQ PDGEO, Rua Horacio Macedo 950,Cidade Univ Ilha Fundao, BR-21941915 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Flores, Deolinda Flores/N-9901-2013; Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/C-2098-2013; Goncalves, Paula Alexandra/N-4522-2014; Borrego, Angeles/B-7094-2015 OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551; Flores, Deolinda Flores/0000-0003-4631-7831; Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/0000-0001-8997-0270; Goncalves, Paula Alexandra/0000-0003-4841-8601; Borrego, Angeles/0000-0001-9021-7358 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 130 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2014.05.002 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA AM2RV UT WOS:000339699400009 ER PT J AU Sides, I Edmonds, M Maclennan, J Houghton, BF Swanson, DA Steele-MacInnis, MJ AF Sides, I. Edmonds, M. Maclennan, J. Houghton, B. F. Swanson, D. A. Steele-MacInnis, M. J. TI Magma mixing and high fountaining during the 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption, Hawai'i SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian fountaining; mixing; volatiles; degassing; melt inclusions; Kilauea ID MELT INCLUSIONS; BASALTIC ERUPTIONS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM; OLIVINE; RESERVOIR; SYSTEMS; LAVAS; WATER; H2O AB The 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption provides a unique opportunity to investigate the process of shallow magma mixing, its impact on the magmatic volatile budget and its role in triggering and driving episodes of Hawaiian fountaining. Melt inclusions hosted by olivine record a continuous decrease in H2O concentration through the 17 episodes of the eruption, while CO2 concentrations correlate with the degree of post-entrapment crystallization of olivine on the inclusion walls. Geochemical data, when combined with the magma budget and with contemporaneous eruption observations, show complex mixing between episodes involving hot, geochemically heterogeneous melts from depth, likely carrying exsolved vapor, and melts which had erupted at the surface, degassed and drained-back into the vent. The drained-back melts acted as a coolant, inducing rapid cooling of the more primitive melts and their olivines at shallow depths and inducing crystallization and vesiculation and triggering renewed fountaining. A consequence of the mixing is that the melts became vapor-undersaturated, so equilibration pressures cannot be inferred from them using saturation models. After the melt inclusions were trapped, continued growth of vapor bubbles, caused by enhanced post-entrapment crystallization, sequestered a large fraction of CO2 from the melt within the inclusions. This study, while cautioning against accepting melt inclusion CO2 concentrations "as measured" in mixed magmas, also illustrates that careful analysis and interpretation of post-entrapment modifications can turn this apparent challenge into a way to yield novel useful insights into the geochemical controls on eruption intensity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sides, I.; Edmonds, M.; Maclennan, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Houghton, B. F.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swanson, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Steele-MacInnis, M. J.] ETH, Inst Geochem & Petrol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Edmonds, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. FU NERC [NE/G001537/1, IMF376/0509]; USGS Jack Kleinman Grant for Volcano Research; NSF [EAR-1145159] FX IS was supported by a NERC-funded studentship NE/G001537/1 and a USGS Jack Kleinman Grant for Volcano Research. ME acknowledges NERC ion probe grant IMF376/0509. BH's participation was funded by NSF EAR-1145159. We acknowledge the NERC Edinburgh Ion Microprobe facility, where we undertook the SIMS analyses. Richard Hinton, Cees-Jan De Hoog, John Craven, Chiara Petrone, Jason Day, and Martin Walker for assistance with data collection. We thank 3 anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript considerably. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 400 BP 102 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.024 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AL3OA UT WOS:000339036800011 ER PT J AU Xia, XY Ellis, GS Ma, QS Tang, YC AF Xia, Xinyu Ellis, Geoffrey S. Ma, Qisheng Tang, Yongchun TI Compositional and stable carbon isotopic fractionation during non-autocatalytic thermochemical sulfate reduction by gaseous hydrocarbons SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SICHUAN BASIN; SMACKOVER FORMATION; SOURCE ROCKS; RESERVOIRS; CANADA; PETROLEUM; OXIDATION; BACTERIAL; PRODUCTS; MATURITY AB The possibility of autocatalysis during thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) by gaseous hydrocarbons was investigated by examination of previously reported laboratory and field data. This reaction was found to be a kinetically controlled non-autocatalytic process, and the apparent lack of autocatalysis is thought to be due to the absence of the required intermediate species. Kinetic parameters for chemical and carbon isotopic fractionations of gaseous hydrocarbons affected by TSR were calculated and found to be consistent with experimentally derived values for TSR involving long-chain hydrocarbons. Model predictions based on these kinetic values indicate that TSR by gaseous hydrocarbon requires high-temperature conditions. The oxidation of C2-5 hydrocarbons by sulfate reduction is accompanied by carbon isotopic fractionation with the residual C2-5 hydrocarbons becoming more enriched in C-13. Kinetic parameters were calculated for the stable carbon isotopic fractionation of gaseous hydrocarbons that have experienced TSR. Model predictions based on these kinetics indicate that it may be difficult to distinguish the effects of TSR from those of thermal maturation at lower levels of hydrocarbon oxidation; however, unusually heavy delta C-13(2+) values (>-10 parts per thousand) can be diagnostic of high levels of conversion (>50%). Stoichiometric and stable carbon isotopic data show that methane is stable under the investigated reaction conditions and is likely a product of TSR by other gaseous hydrocarbons rather than a significant reactant. These results indicate that the overall TSR reaction mechanism for oxidation of organic substrates containing long-chain hydrocarbons involves three distinct phases as follows: (1) an initial slow and non-autocatalytic stage characterized by the reduction of reactive sulfate by long-chain saturated hydrocarbons; (2) a second autocatalytic reaction phase dominated by reactions involving reduced sulfur species and partially oxidized hydrocarbons; (3) and a final, or late-stage, TSR reaction in which hydrocarbon oxidation continues at a slower rate via the non-autocatalytic reduction of sulfate by gaseous hydrocarbons. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xia, Xinyu] Hess Corp, Houston, TX 77010 USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ma, Qisheng; Tang, Yongchun] Power Environm Energy Res Inst, Covina, CA 91722 USA. RP Tang, YC (reprint author), Power Environm Energy Res Inst, Covina, CA 91722 USA. EM tang@peeri.org OI Xia, Xinyu/0000-0003-2773-2829; Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 139 BP 472 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.004 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AL5LY UT WOS:000339176400026 ER PT J AU Lawrence, C Harden, J Maher, K AF Lawrence, Corey Harden, Jennifer Maher, Kate TI Modeling the influence of organic acids on soil weathering SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY MINERAL PRECIPITATION; MARINE TERRACE CHRONOSEQUENCE; ALKALI-FELDSPAR DISSOLUTION; LIGAND-PROMOTED DISSOLUTION; WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; TERM CARBON-CYCLE; SILICATE MINERALS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; SURFACE COMPLEXATION AB Biological inputs and organic matter cycling have long been regarded as important factors in the physical and chemical development of soils. In particular, the extent to which low molecular weight organic acids, such as oxalate, influence geochemical reactions has been widely studied. Although the effects of organic acids are diverse, there is strong evidence that organic acids accelerate the dissolution of some minerals. However, the influence of organic acids at the field-scale and over the timescales of soil development has not been evaluated in detail. In this study, a reactive-transport model of soil chemical weathering and pedogenic development was used to quantify the extent to which organic acid cycling controls mineral dissolution rates and long-term patterns of chemical weathering. Specifically, oxalic acid was added to simulations of soil development to investigate a well-studied chronosequence of soils near Santa Cruz, CA. The model formulation includes organic acid input, transport, decomposition, organic-metal aqueous complexation and mineral surface complexation in various combinations. Results suggest that although organic acid reactions accelerate mineral dissolution rates near the soil surface, the net response is an overall decrease in chemical weathering. Model results demonstrate the importance of organic acid input concentrations, fluid flow, decomposition and secondary mineral precipitation rates on the evolution of mineral weathering fronts. In particular, model soil profile evolution is sensitive to kaolinite precipitation and oxalate decomposition rates. The soil profile-scale modeling presented here provides insights into the influence of organic carbon cycling on soil weathering and pedogenesis and supports the need for further field-scale measurements of the flux and speciation of reactive organic compounds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lawrence, Corey; Harden, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Maher, Kate] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lawrence, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM clawrence@usgs.gov RI Maher, Kate/B-3489-2010 OI Maher, Kate/0000-0002-5982-6064 FU US Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship; Climate and Landuse Mission Area; National Research Program FX The authors thank Carl Steefel at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for providing access to and technical assistance with the CrunchFlow model. Art White, Owen Duckworth and several anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their insightful comments, which greatly improved this manuscript. The US Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship, Climate and Landuse Mission Area and National Research Program provided funding for this work. NR 95 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 85 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 139 BP 487 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.003 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AL5LY UT WOS:000339176400027 ER PT J AU Bau, M Schmidt, K Koschinsky, A Hein, J Kuhn, T Usui, A AF Bau, M. Schmidt, K. Koschinsky, A. Hein, J. Kuhn, T. Usui, A. TI Discriminating between different genetic types of marine ferro-manganese crusts and nodules based on rare earth elements and yttrium SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rare earth elements; Marine Fe-Mn (oxyhydr)oxides; Manganese nodules; Ferromanganese crusts; Hydrothermal iron and manganese deposits; Discrimination diagram ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; AMORPHOUS FERRIC HYDROXIDE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; FE-MN CRUSTS; NACL SOLUTIONS; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; PORE WATERS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; IRON-OXYHYDROXIDE; MANGANESE NODULES AB Marine ferro-manganese (Fe-Mn) crusts and nodules are metal-rich chemical sediments that are archives of paleoceanographic proxies and potential metal resources and targets of deep-sea mining. Traditionally, crusts and nodules are subdivided into hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal types. Because these are characterized by different compositions and hence economic resource potential, a useable genetic classification is not only a tool for geochemical studies but may also help to characterize potential exploration targets. We propose two easy-to-use, yet robust discrimination diagrams based on geochemical relationships controlling the rare earths and yttrium (REY) inventory of marine Fe-Mn (oxyhydr) oxide deposits. The REY are a set of trace elements that show coherent behavior, are routinely determined in geochemical studies, and for which the analytical quality can easily be evaluated. Graphs of Ce anomaly vs Nd concentration and Ce anomaly vs Y anomaly effectively discriminate between the different types of precipitates, regardless of their diverse mineralogical composition. Both hydrogenetic crusts and nodules show positive Ce anomalies, negative Y anomalies and high Nd concentrations of >100 mg kg(-1), although nodules tend to have slightly lower Nd concentrations than crusts. In marked contrast, hydrothermal deposits generally yield negative Ce anomalies, positive Y anomalies, and low Nd concentrations of <10 mg kg(-1), in spite of their large geochemical, mineralogical and sedimentological diversity. Diagenetic nodules show negative Ce anomalies, negative Y anomalies, and intermediate Nd concentrations, between 10 and 100 mg kg(-1). We discuss the geochemical background of these diagrams, the respective sources of REY in the different precipitates, and address the processes that control their REY inventory. Besides the three end-members, we also use REY systematics to define mixed-type diagenetic-hydrogenetic nodules and classify well-studied international reference standards. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bau, M.; Schmidt, K.; Koschinsky, A.] Jacobs Univ Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Hein, J.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kuhn, T.] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Usui, A.] Kochi Univ, Dept Nat Environm Sci, Kochi 7808520, Japan. RP Bau, M (reprint author), Jacobs Univ Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. EM m.bau@jacobs-university.de RI Bau, Michael/D-4457-2016; Koschinsky, Andrea /R-2927-2016 OI Koschinsky, Andrea /0000-0002-9224-0663 NR 92 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 10 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 14 PY 2014 VL 381 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.05.004 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AM9NO UT WOS:000340208500001 ER PT J AU Reshetnikov, AN Chestnut, T Brunner, JL Charles, K Nebergall, EE Olson, DH AF Reshetnikov, Andrey N. Chestnut, Tara Brunner, Jesse L. Charles, Kaylene Nebergall, Emily E. Olson, Deanna H. TI Detection of the emerging amphibian pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and ranavirus in Russia SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Chytridiomycosis; European common toad; Population fluctuations ID RANA-TEMPORARIA; BUFO-BUFO; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; FISH; MORTALITY; DECLINES; DISEASE; SPAIN AB In a population of the European common toad Bufo bufo from a rural pond in the region of Lake Glubokoe Regional Reserve in Moscow province, Russia, unexplained mass mortality events involving larvae and metamorphs have been observed over a monitoring period of >20 yr. We tested toads from this and a nearby site for the emerging amphibian pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and ranavirus (Rv). Both pathogens were detected, and at the rural pond site, with the above-noted losses and decline in toad breeding success, 40% of B. bufo metamorphs were Bd positive, 46% were Rv positive and 20% were co-infected with both pathogens. Toad metamorphs from a neighbouring water body were also Bd and Rv positive (25 and 55%, respectively). This is the first confirmation of these pathogens in Russia. Questions remain as to the origins of these pathogens in Russia and their roles in documented mass mortality events. C1 [Reshetnikov, Andrey N.] Severtsov Ecol & Evolut Inst, Moscow 119071, Russia. [Chestnut, Tara] Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chestnut, Tara] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Brunner, Jesse L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Charles, Kaylene] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nebergall, Emily E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reshetnikov, AN (reprint author), Severtsov Ecol & Evolut Inst, Leninskiy 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. EM anreshetnikov@yandex.ru RI Brunner, Jesse/B-1692-2013 OI Brunner, Jesse/0000-0003-4894-8274 FU US Forest Service-Pacific Northwest Research Station; US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX We thank K. Ronnenberg for assistance with figures. Support was provided by the US Forest Service-Pacific Northwest Research Station and the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). This manuscript is ARMI Contribution No. 473. This study was approved by the AN Severtsov Ecology & Evolution Institute Animal Ethics Committee (A2-2011). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 110 IS 3 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.3354/dao02757 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AQ6LI UT WOS:000342923400008 PM 25114047 ER PT J AU Root, JJ Shriner, SA Bentler, KT Gidlewski, T Mooers, NL Spraker, TR VanDalen, KK Sullivan, HJ Franklin, AB AF Root, J. Jeffrey Shriner, Susan A. Bentler, Kevin T. Gidlewski, Thomas Mooers, Nicole L. Spraker, Terry R. VanDalen, Kaci K. Sullivan, Heather J. Franklin, Alan B. TI Shedding of a Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in a Common Synanthropic Mammal - The Cottontail Rabbit SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; SUBTYPES; ASSAY AB Background: Cottontails (Sylvilagus spp.) are common mammals throughout much of the U. S. and are often found in peridomestic settings, potentially interacting with livestock and poultry operations. If these animals are susceptible to avian influenza virus (AIV) infections and shed the virus in sufficient quantities they may pose a risk for movement of avian influenza viruses between wildlife and domestic animals in certain situations. Methodology/Principal Findings: To assess the viral shedding potential of AIV in cottontails, we nasally inoculated fourteen cottontails with a low pathogenic AIV (H4N6). All inoculated cottontails shed relatively large quantities of viral RNA both nasally (<= 10(6.94) PCR EID50 equivalents/mL) and orally (<= 10(5.09) PCR EID50 equivalents/mL). However, oral shedding tended to decline more quickly than did nasal shedding. No animals showed any obvious signs of disease throughout the study. Evidence of a serological response was found in all infected rabbits at 22 days post infection in convalescent sera. Conclusions/Significance: To our knowledge, cottontails have not been previously assessed for AIV shedding. However, it was obvious that they shed AIV RNA extensively via the nasal and oral routes. This is significant, as cottontails are widely distributed throughout the U. S. and elsewhere. These mammals are often found in highly peridomestic situations, such as farms, parks, and suburban neighborhoods, often becoming habituated to human activities. Thus, if infected these mammals could easily transport AIVs short distances. C1 [Root, J. Jeffrey; Shriner, Susan A.; Bentler, Kevin T.; Gidlewski, Thomas; Mooers, Nicole L.; VanDalen, Kaci K.; Sullivan, Heather J.; Franklin, Alan B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM Jeff.root@aphis.usda.gov OI Shriner, Susan/0000-0003-0349-7182 FU United States Department of Agriculture FX This study was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture. The manuscript was reviewed for general policy statements committing the USDA to action, but otherwise the findings were independently developed by the authors. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e102513 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102513 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO1WB UT WOS:000341105100009 PM 25111780 ER PT J AU Thirumalai, K Richey, JN Quinn, TM Poore, RZ AF Thirumalai, Kaustubh Richey, Julie N. Quinn, Terrence M. Poore, Richard Z. TI Globigerinoides ruber morphotypes in the Gulf of Mexico: A test of null hypothesis SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; INDIAN-OCEAN; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; EQUATIONS; CARBON; ERRORS AB Planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (G. ruber), due to its abundance and ubiquity in the tropical/subtropical mixed layer, has been the workhorse of paleoceanographic studies investigating past sea-surface conditions on a range of timescales. Recent geochemical work on the two principal white G. ruber (W) morphotypes, sensu stricto (ss) and sensu lato (sl), has hypothesized differences in seasonal preferences or calcification depths, implying that reconstructions using a non-selective mixture of morphotypes could potentially be biased. Here, we test these hypotheses by performing stable isotope and abundance measurements on the two morphotypes in sediment trap, core-top, and downcore samples from the northern Gulf of Mexico. As a test of null hypothesis, we perform the same analyses on couplets of G. ruber (W) specimens with attributes intermediate to the holotypic ss and sl morphologies. We find no systematic or significant offsets in coeval ss-sl delta O-18, and delta C-13. These offsets are no larger than those in the intermediate pairs. Coupling our results with foraminiferal statistical model INFAUNAL, we find that contrary to previous work elsewhere, there is no evidence for discrepancies in ss-sl calcifying depth habitat or seasonality in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Thirumalai, Kaustubh; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Thirumalai, Kaustubh; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Richey, Julie N.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Thirumalai, K (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, JJ Pickle Res Campus,Bldg 196,10100 Burnet Rd R22, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM kau@ig.utexas.edu RI Thirumalai, Kaustubh/N-2511-2014; Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; OI Thirumalai, Kaustubh/0000-0002-7875-4182; Richey, Julie/0000-0002-2319-7980 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program; National Science Foundation [OCE-0902921] FX We thank the crew of the R/V Pelican for assisting us in the collection and redeployment of the sediment trap, and the crew of the R/V Cape Hatteras for aid in obtaining the cores utilized in this study. We acknowledge Caitlin Reynolds for aiding sample preparation and Jennifer Flannery for help with the SEM images. The authors are thankful to Judson Partin for helpful discussion and for critiquing a preliminary draft of this manuscript along with Deb Willard. K. T. thanks the UTIG Ewing-Worzel fellowship for support. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program and the National Science Foundation (OCE-0902921). This is UTIG Contribution #2719. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6018 DI 10.1038/srep06018 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN5BS UT WOS:000340604800002 PM 25109442 ER PT J AU Andrade, NA Centofanti, T McConnell, LL Hapeman, CJ Torrents, A Nguyen, A Beyer, WN Chaney, RL Novak, JM Anderson, MO Cantrell, KB AF Andrade, Natasha A. Centofanti, Tiziana McConnell, Laura L. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Torrents, Alba Anh Nguyen Beyer, W. Nelson Chaney, Rufus L. Novak, Jeffrey M. Anderson, Marya O. Cantrell, Keri B. TI NEW INVESTIGATOR AWARD FINALIST: Utilizing thin-film solid-phase extraction to assess the effect of organic carbon amendments on the bioavailability of DDT and dieldrin to earthworms SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Andrade, Natasha A.; Centofanti, Tiziana; McConnell, Laura L.; Torrents, Alba; Anderson, Marya O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hapeman, Cathleen J.; Anh Nguyen; Chaney, Rufus L.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Beyer, W. Nelson] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Novak, Jeffrey M.; Cantrell, Keri B.] ARS, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM nandrade@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 351-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165100715 ER PT J AU Bergamaschi, B Downing, B Pellerin, B Saraceno, JF Fleck, J Kraus, T Burau, J Fujii, R AF Bergamaschi, Brian Downing, Bryan Pellerin, Brian Saraceno, John Franco Fleck, Jacob Kraus, Tamara Burau, Jon Fujii, Roger TI Use of optical measurements for understanding and quantifying biogeochemical processes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bergamaschi, Brian; Downing, Bryan; Pellerin, Brian; Saraceno, John Franco; Fleck, Jacob; Kraus, Tamara; Burau, Jon; Fujii, Roger] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bbergama@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 479-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165106043 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, WL Hickman, SH Kaven, O Llenos, AL McGarr, AF Rubinstein, JL AF Ellsworth, William L. Hickman, Stephen H. Kaven, Ole Llenos, Andrea L. McGarr, Art F. Rubinstein, Justin L. TI Hydraulic fracturing, fluid injection, and induced earthquakes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ellsworth, William L.; Hickman, Stephen H.; Kaven, Ole; Llenos, Andrea L.; McGarr, Art F.; Rubinstein, Justin L.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ellsworth@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 382-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105802 ER PT J AU Gilliom, R Corbin, M Nowell, L Sandstrom, M Qian, YR Hladik, M AF Gilliom, Robert Corbin, Mark Nowell, Lisa Sandstrom, Mark Qian, Yaorong Hladik, Michelle TI Occurrence and characterization of pesticide mixtures in central US streams and rivers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gilliom, Robert; Nowell, Lisa; Sandstrom, Mark; Hladik, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. [Corbin, Mark; Qian, Yaorong] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. EM rgilliom@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 905-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165101359 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Focazio, MJ AF Hladik, Michelle L. Focazio, Michael J. TI Disinfection by-products formed during the treatment of wastewater including produced waters from oil and gas productions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Focazio, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 144-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105578 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Kolpin, DW Kuivila, KM AF Hladik, Michelle L. Kolpin, Dana W. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Neonicotinoid insecticide occurrence in agricultural and urban streams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 492-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165100847 ER PT J AU Jiang, CJ Aiken, GR Hsu-Kim, H AF Jiang, Chuanjia Aiken, George R. Hsu-Kim, Heileen TI Effects of natural organic matter properties on the dissolution kinetics of zinc oxide nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jiang, Chuanjia; Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jiangcjthu05@gmail.com RI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/A-5409-2008 OI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 35-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105478 ER PT J AU Kupryianchyk, D Hale, S Rutherford, D Zimmerman, A Harvey, O Schmidt, HP Rumpel, C Knicker, H Cornelissen, G AF Kupryianchyk, Darya Hale, Sarah Rutherford, David Zimmerman, Andrew Harvey, Omar Schmidt, Hans-Peter Rumpel, Cornelia Knicker, Heike Cornelissen, Gerard TI Sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds to biochars: Mechanistic considerations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kupryianchyk, Darya; Hale, Sarah; Cornelissen, Gerard] Norwegian Geotech Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Rutherford, David] USGS, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Zimmerman, Andrew] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Harvey, Omar] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Geog & Geol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Schmidt, Hans-Peter] Ithaka Inst Carbon Cycling, Valais, Switzerland. [Rumpel, Cornelia] French Natl Inst Agr Res, Nice, France. [Cornelissen, Gerard] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. EM dku@ngi.no NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 150-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105584 ER PT J AU Nowell, LH Norman, JE Moran, PW Martin, JD Stone, WW AF Nowell, Lisa H. Norman, Julia E. Moran, Patrick W. Martin, Jeffrey D. Stone, Wesley W. TI Pesticide Toxicity Index for freshwater aquatic organisms: A screening-level tool for assessing complex mixtures of pesticides in streams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nowell, Lisa H.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Norman, Julia E.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Moran, Patrick W.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Martin, Jeffrey D.; Stone, Wesley W.] US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM lhnowell@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 907-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165101360 ER PT J AU Pycke, BFG Roll, IB Brownawell, BJ Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Kinney, CA Halden, RU AF Pycke, Benny F. G. Roll, Isaac B. Brownawell, Bruce J. Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Kinney, Chad A. Halden, Rolf U. TI Nationwide survey of degradation products and human metabolites of triclocarban and triclosan in United States sewage sludge SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pycke, Benny F. G.; Roll, Isaac B.; Halden, Rolf U.] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Environm Secur, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Brownawell, Bruce J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kinney, Chad A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM bpycke@asu.edu RI Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010 OI Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 566-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165106123 ER PT J AU Ryker, SJ Larsen, MC AF Ryker, Sarah J. Larsen, Matthew C. TI Water and land resources assessment using Landsat satellite data SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ryker, Sarah J.; Larsen, Matthew C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM sryker@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 172-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105603 ER PT J AU Ulrich, E McMillan, L Wang, QH Albertson, T Cho, G Kuivila, K Lao, WJ Peoples, S Lopez, RR TenBrook, P AF Ulrich, Elin McMillan, Larry Wang, Qianheng Albertson, Todd Cho, Gail Kuivila, Kathy Lao, Wenjian Peoples, Sue Lopez, Ruben Reif TenBrook, Patti TI Enantiomer specific measurements of current-use pesticides in aquatic systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ulrich, Elin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McMillan, Larry] Natl Caucus & Ctr Black Aged, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Wang, Qianheng] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Albertson, Todd] Caltest Analyt Lab, Napa, CA 94558 USA. [Cho, Gail] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. [Kuivila, Kathy] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Lao, Wenjian] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Peoples, Sue] Calif Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Lopez, Ruben Reif] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [TenBrook, Patti] US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM ulrich.elin@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 644-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165101107 ER PT J AU Vecchia, A Gilliom, R Stone, W AF Vecchia, Aldo Gilliom, Robert Stone, Wesley TI Stochastic model for daily pesticide concentrations, and application to estimating benchmark exceedance probabilities SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vecchia, Aldo] US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Gilliom, Robert] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Stone, Wesley] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM avecchia@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 788-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165101245 ER PT J AU Webb, RMT Caicedo, JS Galeano, EA Saenz, L Garcia, AM Larsen, MC Gomez, F AF Webb, Richard M. T. Sebastian Caicedo, Joan Aguilar Galeano, Estibaliz Saenz, Leonardo Garcia, Ana Maria Larsen, Matthew C. Gomez, Francisco TI Tanneries to cloud forests: Water quality issues and solutions for Choconta, Cundinamarca, Colombia SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Webb, Richard M. T.; Garcia, Ana Maria; Larsen, Matthew C.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. [Sebastian Caicedo, Joan; Aguilar Galeano, Estibaliz] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Chem, Bogota, Colombia. [Saenz, Leonardo] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Econ, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Gomez, Francisco] Amer Chem Soc, Dept Int Act, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM rmwebb@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 168-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105599 ER PT J AU Pickens, BA King, SL AF Pickens, Bradley A. King, Sammy L. TI Linking multi-temporal satellite imagery to coastal wetland dynamics and bird distribution SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Coastal marsh; MARS; Model transferability; Remote sensing; Species distribution model; Waterbirds ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES; WESTERN NEW-YORK; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; MARSH VEGETATION; HABITAT MODELS; CHENIER-PLAIN; KING RAILS; HOME-RANGE; LAND-USE AB Ecosystems are characterized by dynamic ecological processes, such as flooding and fires, but spatial models are often limited to a single measurement in time. The characterization of direct, fine-scale processes affecting animals is potentially valuable for management applications, but these are difficult to quantify over broad extents. Direct predictors are also expected to improve transferability of models beyond the area of study. Here, we investigated the ability of non-static and multi-temporal habitat characteristics to predict marsh bird distributions, while testing model generality and transferability between two coastal habitats. Distribution models were developed for king rail (Rallus elegans), common gallinule (Gallinula galeata), least bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), and purple gallinule (Porphyrio martinica) in fresh and intermediate marsh types in the northern Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas, USA. For model development, repeated point count surveys of marsh birds were conducted from 2009 to 2011. Landsat satellite imagery was used to quantify both annual conditions and cumulative, multi-temporal habitat characteristics. We used multivariate adaptive regression splines to quantify bird-habitat relationships for fresh, intermediate, and combined marsh habitats. Multi-temporal habitat characteristics ranked as more important than single-date characteristics, as temporary water was most influential in six of eight models. Predictive power was greater for marsh type-specific models compared to general models and model transferability was poor. Birds in fresh marsh selected for annual habitat characterizations, while birds in intermediate marsh selected for cumulative wetness and heterogeneity. Our findings emphasize that dynamic ecological processes can affect species distribution and species-habitat relationships may differ with dominant landscape characteristics. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pickens, Bradley A.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pickens, BA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bpickens99@gmail.com; sking@agcenter.lsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Gulf Coast Joint Venture FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) with support from Gulf Coast Joint Venture. J. Hepinstall-Cymerman and two anonymous reviewers contributed valuable comments to improve the manuscript. We are grateful for the advice of M. Kaller, P. Stouffer, D. Braud, F. Rohwer, and C. Pickens. Texas Parks & Wildlife, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and USFWS provided logistical support. For field assistance, we thank K. Leuenberger, A. Bevill, C. Faller, M. Oliver, M. Huber, E. Dancer, and S. Sears. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 285 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.013 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ7NL UT WOS:000337883300001 ER PT J AU Deutsch, C Berelson, W Thunell, R Weber, T Tems, C McManus, J Crusius, J Ito, T Baumgartner, T Ferreira, V Mey, J van Geen, A AF Deutsch, Curtis Berelson, William Thunell, Robert Weber, Thomas Tems, Caitlin McManus, James Crusius, John Ito, Taka Baumgartner, Timothy Ferreira, Vicente Mey, Jacob van Geen, Alexander TI Centennial changes in North Pacific anoxia linked to tropical trade winds SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARABIAN SEA; OCEAN; DENITRIFICATION; VARIABILITY; HYPOXIA; PRESERVATION; CIRCULATION; DIAGENESIS; SEDIMENTS; DRIVEN AB Climate warming is expected to reduce oxygen (O-2) supply to the ocean and expand its oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). We reconstructed variations in the extent of North Pacific anoxia since 1850 using a geochemical proxy for denitrification (delta N-15) from multiple sediment cores. Increasing delta N-15 since similar to 1990 records an expansion of anoxia, consistent with observed O-2 trends. However, this was preceded by a longer declining delta N-15 trend that implies that the anoxic zone was shrinking for most of the 20th century. Both periods can be explained by changes in winds over the tropical Pacific that drive upwelling, biological productivity, and O-2 demand within the OMZ. If equatorial Pacific winds resume their predicted weakening trend, the ocean's largest anoxic zone will contract despite a global O-2 decline. C1 [Deutsch, Curtis; Weber, Thomas] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Berelson, William; Tems, Caitlin] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Thunell, Robert] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [McManus, James] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Crusius, John] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ito, Taka] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Baumgartner, Timothy; Ferreira, Vicente] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Mey, Jacob; van Geen, Alexander] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Mey, Jacob] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Deutsch, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cdeutsch@uw.edu RI Ito, Takamitsu/F-3856-2010 OI Ito, Takamitsu/0000-0001-9873-099X FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0851483, OCE-1242313, OCE-0727123, OCE-0624777]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF3775]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Climate Center of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0851483 to C.D.; OCE-1242313 to T.I.; OCE-0727123 to W.B.; OCE-0624777 to J.M.), by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF3775 to C.D., and by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program (J.C.). A grant from the Climate Center of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) contributed to the collection and dating of the Soledad Basin core. This is LDEO contribution number 7812. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 60 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 8 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6197 BP 665 EP 668 DI 10.1126/science.1252332 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM6GW UT WOS:000339962800037 PM 25104384 ER PT J AU Gustine, DD Barboza, PS Adams, LG Wolf, NB AF Gustine, David D. Barboza, Perry S. Adams, Layne G. Wolf, Nathan B. TI Environmental and Physiological Influences to Isotopic Ratios of N and Protein Status in a Montane Ungulate in Winter SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS; MILK-PRODUCTION; AMINO-ACIDS; REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RANGIFER-TARANDUS; WOODLAND CARIBOU; NITROGEN-BALANCE AB Winter severity can influence large herbivore populations through a reduction in maternal proteins available for reproduction. Nitrogen (N) isotopes in blood fractions can be used to track the use of body proteins in northern and montane ungulates. We studied 113 adult female caribou for 13 years throughout a series of severe winters that reduced population size and offspring mass. After these severe winters, offspring mass increased but the size of the population remained low. We devised a conceptual model for routing of isotopic N in blood in the context of the severe environmental conditions experienced by this population. We measured delta N-15 in three blood fractions and predicted the relative mobilization of dietary and body proteins. The delta N-15 of the body protein pool varied by 4 parts per thousand and 46% of the variance was associated with year. Annual variation in delta N-15 of body protein likely reflected the fall/early winter diet and winter locations, yet 15% of the isotopic variation in amino acid N was due to body proteins. Consistent isotopic differences among blood N pools indicated that animals tolerated fluxes in diet and body stores. Conservation of body protein in caribou is the result of active exchange among diet and body N pools. Adult females were robust to historically severe winter conditions and prioritized body condition and survival over early investment in offspring. For a vagile ungulate residing at low densities in a predator-rich environment, protein restrictions in winter may not be the primary limiting factor for reproduction. C1 [Gustine, David D.; Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Barboza, Perry S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Wolf, Nathan B.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Gustine, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dgustine@usgs.gov OI Barboza, Perry/0000-0002-1489-6448 FU United States Geological Survey; National Park Service FX This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey and the National Park Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 7 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e103471 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103471 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM6SB UT WOS:000339993900019 PM 25102057 ER PT J AU Fackler, PL Pacifici, K Martin, J McIntyre, C AF Fackler, Paul L. Pacifici, Krishna Martin, Julien McIntyre, Carol TI Efficient Use of Information in Adaptive Management with an Application to Managing Recreation near Golden Eagle Nesting Sites SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; MODELS AB It is generally the case that a significant degree of uncertainty exists concerning the behavior of ecological systems. Adaptive management has been developed to address such structural uncertainty, while recognizing that decisions must be made without full knowledge of how a system behaves. This paradigm attempts to use new information that develops during the course of management to learn how the system works. To date, however, adaptive management has used a very limited information set to characterize the learning that is possible. This paper uses an extension of the Partial Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) framework to expand the information set used to update belief in competing models. This feature can potentially increase the speed of learning through adaptive management, and lead to better management in the future. We apply this framework to a case study wherein interest lies in managing recreational restrictions around golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting sites. The ultimate management objective is to maintain an abundant eagle population in Denali National Park while minimizing the regulatory burden on park visitors. In order to capture this objective, we developed a utility function that trades off expected breeding success with hiker access. Our work is relevant to the management of human activities in protected areas, but more generally demonstrates some of the benefits of POMDP in the context of adaptive management. C1 [Fackler, Paul L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pacifici, Krishna] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Martin, Julien] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Martin, Julien] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL USA. [McIntyre, Carol] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Fackler, PL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM paul_fackler@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resource Program; National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program; Denali National Park and Preserve; United States Department of Agriculture Hatch Project [NC0228]; NCSU Department of Applied Ecology FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resource Program, the National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program, and Denali National Park and Preserve. P.L. Fackler's contribution to this paper was supported in part from United States Department of Agriculture Hatch Project NC0228. The authors would like to acknowledge the NCSU Department of Applied Ecology for financial assistance. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e102434 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102434 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM6SM UT WOS:000339995100007 PM 25098955 ER PT J AU del Barrio, P Ganju, NK Aretxabaleta, AL Hayn, M Garcia, A Howarth, RW AF del Barrio, Pilar Ganju, Neil K. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. Hayn, Melanie Garcia, Andres Howarth, Robert W. TI Modeling future scenarios of light attenuation and potential seagrass success in a eutrophic estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE seagrass; model; eutrophication; light attenuation; nutrient loading; sea level rise ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PLANKTON DYNAMICS; SARGASSO SEA; UPPER WATERS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT; GROWTH; IRRADIANCE AB Estuarine eutrophication has led to numerous ecological changes, including loss of seagrass beds. One potential cause of these losses is a reduction in light availability due to increased attenuation by phytoplankton. Future sea level rise will also tend to reduce light penetration and modify seagrass habitat. In the present study, we integrate a spectral irradiance model into a biogeochemical model coupled to the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). It is linked to a bio-optical seagrass model to assess potential seagrass habitat in a eutrophic estuary under future nitrate loading and sea-level rise scenarios. The model was applied to West Falmouth Harbor, a shallow estuary located on Cape Cod (Massachusetts) where nitrate from groundwater has led to eutrophication and seagrass loss in landward portions of the estuary. Measurements of chlorophyll, turbidity, light attenuation, and seagrass coverage were used to assess the model accuracy. Mean chlorophyll based on uncalibrated in-situ fluorometry varied from 28 mu g L-1 at the landward-most site to 6.5 mu g L-1 at the seaward site, while light attenuation ranged from 0.86 to 0.45 m(-1). The model reproduced the spatial variability in chlorophyll and light attenuation with RMS errors of 3.72 mu g L-1 and 0.07 m(-1) respectively. Scenarios of future nitrate reduction and sea-level rise suggest an improvement in light climate in the landward basin with a 75% reduction in nitrate loading. This coupled model may be useful to assess habitat availability changes due to eutrophication and sediment resuspension and fully considers spatial variability on the tidal timescale. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [del Barrio, Pilar; Garcia, Andres] Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain. [Ganju, Neil K.; Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hayn, Melanie; Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. RP del Barrio, P (reprint author), Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, C Isabel Torres 15, Santander 39011, Spain. EM p.delbarrio@gmail.com RI Garcia Gomez, Andres/I-2409-2015; OI Garcia Gomez, Andres/0000-0002-2658-7765; Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU University of Cantabria; Cantabria Government [BOC 25/01/2010] FX This study was partially funded through a doctoral grant from the University of Cantabria and the Cantabria Government (BOC 25/01/2010). We also would like to thank Sophia Fox, Kevin Kroeger, Mark Brush, Renee Takesue, Javier Garcia and Ivan Valiela, who provided helpful feedback in this study. Thanks also to Jonathan Borden, Kihoto Gitonga and Joseph Bergeron, who performed the field surveys, and to Eli Perrone and CR Environmental Inc. for assistance in conducting the sonar survey. Thanks to Richard C. Zimmerman and Charles L Gallegos for providing the source code of their models, and to Sonia Castanedo, Giovanni Coco, Maitane Olabarrieta and Raul Medina for their collaboration and support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2014 VL 149 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.07.005 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AW3ZF UT WOS:000346220800002 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Lazarus, RS Elliott, JE Shore, RF van den Brink, N AF Rattner, Barnett A. Lazarus, Rebecca S. Elliott, John E. Shore, Richard F. van den Brink, Nico TI Adverse Outcome Pathway and Risks of Anticoagulant Rodenticides to Predatory Wildlife SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EASTERN SCREECH-OWLS; POLECATS MUSTELA-PUTORIUS; RATS RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; KITES MILVUS-MILVUS; NEW-ZEALAND; NONTARGET WILDLIFE; PEST-CONTROL; BLOOD-COAGULATION; BRODIFACOUM BAIT; MEGASCOPS-ASIO AB Despite a long history of successful use, routine application of some anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) may be at a crossroad due to new regulatory guidelines intended to mitigate risk. An adverse outcome pathway for ARs was developed to identify information gaps and end points to assess the effectiveness of regulations. This framework describes chemical properties of ARs, established macromolecular interactions by inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase, cellular responses including altered dotting factor processing and coagulopathy, organ level effects such as hemorrhage, organism responses with linkages to reduced fitness and mortality, and potential consequences to predator populations. Risk assessments have led to restrictions affecting use of some second-generation ARs (SGARs) in North America. While the European regulatory community highlighted significant or unacceptable risk of ARs to nontarget wildlife, use of SGARs in most EU member states remains authorized due to public health concerns and the absence of safe alternatives. For purposes of conservation and restoration of island habitats, SGARs remain a mainstay for eradication of invasive species. There are significant data gaps related to exposure pathways, comparative species sensitivity, consequences of sublethal effects, potential hazards of greater AR residues in genetically resistant prey, effects of low-level exposure to multiple rodenticides, and quantitative data on the magnitude of nontarget wildlife mortality. C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Lazarus, Rebecca S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Elliott, John E.] Environm Canada, Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Shore, Richard F.] NERC, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, LEC, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England. [van den Brink, Nico] Wageningen Univ, Div Toxicol, NL-6700 EA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov RI Shore, Richard/A-2638-2012 OI Shore, Richard/0000-0002-9337-8883 NR 142 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 5 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 15 SI SI BP 8433 EP 8445 DI 10.1021/es501740n PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM7WY UT WOS:000340080600016 PM 24968307 ER PT J AU Zhang, YW Liu, ZF Zhao, YL Wang, WG Li, JR Xu, JP AF Zhang, Yanwei Liu, Zhifei Zhao, Yulong Wang, Wenguang Li, Jianru Xu, Jingping TI Mesoscale eddies transport deep-sea sediments SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; EDDY; TAIWAN; CIRCULATION; CALIFORNIA AB Mesoscale eddies, which contribute to long-distance water mass transport and biogeochemical budget in the upper ocean, have recently been taken into assessment of the deep-sea hydrodynamic variability. However, how such eddies influence sediment movement in the deepwater environment has not been explored. Here for the first time we observed deep-sea sediment transport processes driven by mesoscale eddies in the northern South China Sea via a full-water column mooring system located at 2100 m water depth. Two southwestward propagating, deep-reaching anticyclonic eddies passed by the study site during January to March 2012 and November 2012 to January 2013, respectively. Our multiple moored instruments recorded simultaneous or lagging enhancement of suspended sediment concentration with full-water column velocity and temperature anomalies. We interpret these suspended sediments to have been trapped and transported from the southwest of Taiwan by the mesoscale eddies. The net near-bottom southwestward sediment transport by the two events is estimated up to one million tons. Our study highlights the significance of surface-generated mesoscale eddies on the deepwater sedimentary dynamic process. C1 [Zhang, Yanwei; Liu, Zhifei; Zhao, Yulong; Wang, Wenguang; Li, Jianru] Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Marine Geol, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Xu, Jingping] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Liu, ZF (reprint author), Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Marine Geol, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. EM lzhifei@tongji.edu.cn OI Zhao, Yulong/0000-0003-4298-4469 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91128206, 40925008, 41106013] FX Satellite altimetry products distributed by AVISO (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com) and software Matlab R2010b are greatly appreciated for the use to generate the sea level anomaly map. We thank Shaohua Zhao, Xiajing Li, Quan Chen, Qin Zhang, and Yanli Li for their mooring deployment cruise assistance, and Ke Wen for collecting satellite data. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91128206, 40925008, and 41106013). NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 4 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 5937 DI 10.1038/srep05937 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM6AB UT WOS:000339941700003 PM 25089558 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Rediske, RR O'Keefe, JP David, SR AF Madenjian, Charles P. Rediske, Richard R. O'Keefe, James P. David, Solomon R. TI Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Its Prey SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Environmental Sciences; Issue 90; trophic transfer efficiency; polychlorinated biphenyl congeners; lake trout; activity; contaminants; accumulation; risk assessment; toxic equivalents ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FISH; MICHIGAN; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION; DIET; FOOD AB A technique for laboratory estimation of net trophic transfer efficiency (gamma) of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners to piscivorous fish from their prey is described herein. During a 135-day laboratory experiment, we fed bloater (Coregonus hoyi) that had been caught in Lake Michigan to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) kept in eight laboratory tanks. Bloater is a natural prey for lake trout. In four of the tanks, a relatively high flow rate was used to ensure relatively high activity by the lake trout, whereas a low flow rate was used in the other four tanks, allowing for low lake trout activity. On a tank-by-tank basis, the amount of food eaten by the lake trout on each day of the experiment was recorded. Each lake trout was weighed at the start and end of the experiment. Four to nine lake trout from each of the eight tanks were sacrificed at the start of the experiment, and all 10 lake trout remaining in each of the tanks were euthanized at the end of the experiment. We determined concentrations of 75 PCB congeners in the lake trout at the start of the experiment, in the lake trout at the end of the experiment, and in bloaters fed to the lake trout during the experiment. Based on these measurements, gamma was calculated for each of 75 PCB congeners in each of the eight tanks. Mean gamma was calculated for each of the 75 PCB congeners for both active and inactive lake trout. Because the experiment was replicated in eight tanks, the standard error about mean gamma could be estimated. Results from this type of experiment are useful in risk assessment models to predict future risk to humans and wildlife eating contaminated fish under various scenarios of environmental contamination. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rediske, Richard R.; O'Keefe, James P.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Annis Water Resources Institute FX This work was funded, in part, by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the Annis Water Resources Institute. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This article is Contribution 1867 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD AUG PY 2014 IS 90 AR e51496 DI 10.3791/51496 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CB0EV UT WOS:000349299200016 ER PT J AU Ceulemans, SM Guzman, DSM Olsen, GH Beaufrere, H Paul-Murphy, JR AF Ceulemans, Susanne M. Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon Olsen, Glenn H. Beaufrere, Hugues Paul-Murphy, Joanne R. TI Evaluation of thermal antinociceptive effects after intramuscular administration of buprenorphine hydrochloride to American kestrels (Falco sparverius) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KAPPA-OPIOID RECEPTOR; PSITTACUS-ERITHACUS-ERITHACUS; PARROTS AMAZONA-VENTRALIS; CELLULAR MECHANISM; PAIN; ANALGESIA; ANTAGONIST; BUTORPHANOL; OPIATE; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Objective-To evaluate the thermal antinociceptive effects and duration of action of buprenorphine hydrochloride after IM administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Animals-12 healthy 3-year-old American kestrels. Procedures-Buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/kg) and a control treatment (saline [0.9% NaCl] solution) were administered IM in a randomized crossover experimental design. Foot withdrawal response to a thermal stimulus was determined 1 hour before (baseline) and 1.5, 3, and 6 hours after treatment administration. Agitation-sedation scores were determined 3 to 5 minutes before each thermal stimulus. Adverse effects were monitored for 6 hours after treatment administration. Results-Buprenorphine hydrochloride at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/kg, IM, increased thermal threshold for 6 hours, compared with the response for the control treatment. There were no significant differences among buprenorphine treatments. A mild sedative effect was detected at a dose of 0.6 mg of buprenorphine/kg. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-At the doses tested, buprenorphine hydrochloride resulted in thermal antinociception in American kestrels for at least 6 hours, which suggested that buprenorphine has analgesic effects in this species. Further studies with longer evaluation periods and additional forms of noxious stimuli, formulations, dosages, and routes of administration are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of buprenorphine in American kestrels. C1 [Ceulemans, Susanne M.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Compan Anim Med, Fac Vet Med, NL-3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands. [Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Olsen, Glenn H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Beaufrere, Hugues] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Hlth Sci Ctr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Guzman, DSM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM guzman@ucdavis.edu OI Beaufrere, Hugues/0000-0002-3612-5548 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 EI 1943-5681 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 75 IS 8 BP 705 EP 710 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CA6EA UT WOS:000349000500001 PM 25061700 ER PT J AU Gustavsen, KA Guzman, DSM Knych, HK Petritz, OA Olsen, GH Paul-Murphy, JR AF Gustavsen, Kate A. Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon Knych, Heather K. Petritz, Olivia A. Olsen, Glenn H. Paul-Murphy, Joanne R. TI Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine hydrochloride following intramuscular and intravenous administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PSITTACUS-ERITHACUS-ERITHACUS; CLINICAL-PHARMACOLOGY; MORPHINE; PAIN; BUTORPHANOL; ANALGESIA; AGONISTS; AGENT; DOGS; RATS AB Objective-To determine the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine hydrochloride after IM and IV administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Animals-13 healthy 3-year-old captive-bred American kestrels. Procedures-Buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.6 mg/kg) was administered IM to all birds. Blood samples were collected at 9 times, ranging from 5 minutes to 9 hours after drug administration. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were measured by use of tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by use of least squares linear regression and noncompartmental analysis of naive pooled data. After a washout period of 2 weeks, the same dose of buprenorphine was administered IV to all birds and blood samples were collected at the same times after drug administration. Results-Maximum plasma buprenorphine concentration was achieved within 5 minutes after IM administration. For IM administration, bioavailability was 94.8% and elimination half-life was 92.1 minutes. For IV administration, steady-state volume of distribution was 4,023.8 mL/kg, plasma clearance was 49.2 mL/min/kg, and elimination half-life was 105.5 minutes. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Buprenorphine was rapidly absorbed, and bioavailability was good after IM administration to American kestrels. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were > 1 ng/mL for 9 hours after both IM and IV administration. These results, in combination with those of a pharmacodynamic study, suggested that the analgesic effects of buprenorphine could last at least 6 to 9 hours in this species. Further investigations of the duration of analgesic effects, multiple-dose protocols, and potential adverse effects of buprenorphine are warranted in American kestrels and other raptors. C1 [Gustavsen, Kate A.; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Petritz, Olivia A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, William R Pritchard Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Knych, Heather K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, KL Maddy Equine Analyt Chem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Olsen, Glenn H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Guzman, DSM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, William R Pritchard Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM guzman@ucdavis.edu OI Gustavsen, Kate/0000-0001-5380-5134 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 EI 1943-5681 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 75 IS 8 BP 711 EP 715 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CA6EA UT WOS:000349000500002 PM 25061701 ER PT J AU Krapu, GL Brandt, DA Kinzel, PJ Pearse, AT AF Krapu, Gary L. Brandt, David A. Kinzel, Paul J. Pearse, Aaron T. TI Spring Migration Ecology of the Mid-Continent Sandhill Crane Population with an Emphasis on Use of the Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE body mass; Central Platte River Valley (CPRV); fat reserves; food habits; Grus canadensis; habitat use; Mid-Continent Population (MCP); migration chronology; roost-site use; sandhill crane; Saskatchewan; satellite telemetry; spring staging areas; subspecies; subpopulations; time budgets ID WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES; CARRYING-CAPACITY; STAGING ECOLOGY; RAINWATER BASIN; HABITAT USE; SNOW GEESE; ABUNDANCE; ROOST; POWERLINES AB We conducted a 10-year study (1998-2007) of the Mid-Continent Population (MCP) of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) to identify spring-migration corridors, locations of major stopovers, and migration chronology by crane breeding affiliation (western Alaska-Siberia [WA-S], northern Canada-Nunavut [NC-N], west-central Canada-Alaska [WC-A], and east-central Canada-Minnesota [EC-M]). In the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) of Nebraska, we evaluated factors influencing staging chronology, food habits, fat storage, and habitat use of sandhill cranes. We compared our findings to results from the Platte River Ecology Study conducted during 1978-1980. We determined spring migration corridors used by the breeding affiliations (designated subpopulations for management purposes) by monitoring 169 cranes marked with platform transmitter terminals (PTTs). We also marked and monitored 456 cranes in the CPRV with very high frequency (VHF) transmitters to evaluate length and pattern of stay, habitat use, and movements. An estimated 42% and 58% of cranes staging in the CPRV were greater sandhill cranes (G. c. tabida) and lesser sandhill cranes (G. c. canadensis), and they stayed for an average of 20 and 25 days (2000-2007), respectively. Cranes from the WA-S, NC-N, WC-A, and EC-M affiliations spent an average of 72, 77, 52, and 53 days, respectively, in spring migration of which 28, 23, 24, and 18 days occurred in the CPRV. The majority of the WA-S subpopulation settled in the CPRV apparently because of inadequate habitat to support more birds upstream, although WA-S cranes accounted for >90% of birds staging in the North Platte River Valley. Crane staging duration in the CPRV was negatively correlated with arrival dates; 92% of cranes stayed >7 days. A program of annual mechanical removal of mature stands of woody growth and seedlings that began in the early 1980s primarily in the main channel of the Platte River has allowed distribution of crane roosts to remain relatively stable over the past 2 decades. Most cranes returned to nocturnal roost sites used in previous years. Corn residues dominated the diet of sandhill cranes in the CPRV, as in the 1970s, despite a marked decline in standing crop of corn residues. Only 14% (10 of 74) of PTT-marked migrant cranes stayed at stopovers for >= 5 days before arriving in the CPRV, which limited the contribution of sites south of the CPRV for fat accumulation needed for migration and reproduction. Body masses of cranes (after adjusting for body size [an index of fat]) at arrival in the CPRV varied widely among years (1998-2006), indicating the importance of maintaining productive habitats on the wintering grounds to condition cranes for migration and reproduction. Average rates of fat gain by adult females while in the CPRV remained similar from 1978-1979 to 1998-1999 but declined among males. Distances cranes flew to feeding grounds in the CPRV increased as the percentage of cropland planted to soybeans increased and as density of cranes on nocturnal roosts increased. These results suggest that as habitats of limited or no value to cranes increase on the landscape, more flight time and higher maintenance costs may reduce fat storage. An estimated 40% of diurnal use occurred north of Interstate 80 (I-80) where <= 5% of lands dedicated to crane conservation are located. Seventy-four and 40% of PTT-marked EC-M and WC-A cranes had spring migrations that included staging in eastern South Dakota for an average of 11 and 10 days, respectively. Cranes of the NC-N, WA-S, and WC-A subpopulations staged an average of 25, 17, and 12 days in central and western Saskatchewan/eastern Alberta. Females in these affiliations increased their fat reserves after leaving Nebraska by an estimated 450, 451, and 452 g, respectively, underscoring the key role of these staging areas in preparing the 3 subpopulations for reproduction. After departing Nebraska, MCP cranes roosted primarily in basin wetlands. Most of these wetlands are in private ownership and lack adequate protection, emphasizing the need for effective laws and policies to ensure their long-term protection. The continued success of the current management goal of maintaining the MCP at approximately its current size and providing diverse recreational opportunities over a wide area of midcontinent and western North America is predicated on the ability of MCP cranes to continue to store large fat reserves in the CPRV in advance of breeding. For the CPRV to remain a key fat storage site, active channel maintenance (e. g., clearing of woody vegetation) likely will need to continue, along with establishing minimum stream flows. These actions would help ensure nocturnal roosting habitat remains sufficiently dispersed to provide cranes with daily intake of high-energy food adequate for major fat storage and limit risk of high mortality from storms and disease. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Krapu, Gary L.; Brandt, David A.; Pearse, Aaron T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Kinzel, Paul J.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Krapu, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM gkrapu@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556; Kinzel, Paul/0000-0002-6076-9730 NR 104 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 189 IS 1 BP 1 EP 41 DI 10.1002/wmon.1013 PG 41 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AN4BQ UT WOS:000340533000001 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Reed, JA Schmutz, JA Fondell, TF Meixell, BW Hupp, JW Ward, DH Terenzi, J Ely, CR AF Ramey, A. M. Reed, J. A. Schmutz, J. A. Fondell, T. F. Meixell, B. W. Hupp, J. W. Ward, D. H. Terenzi, J. Ely, C. R. TI Prevalence, transmission, and genetic diversity of blood parasites infecting tundra-nesting geese in Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Anser albifrons; Arctic; Black Brant; blood parasite; Branta bernicla; Branta hutchinsii; Cackling Goose; Chen caerulescens; Chen canagica; Emperor Goose; Greater White-fronted Goose; haematozoa; Haemoproteus; Leucocytozoon; Plasmodium; Snow Goose; tundra ID DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AVIAN HOSTS; BIRDS; LEUCOCYTOZOON; MALARIA; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; HAEMOPROTEUS; LINEAGES AB A total of 842 blood samples collected from five species of tundra-nesting geese in Alaska was screened for haemosporidian parasites using molecular techniques. Parasites of the genera Leucocytozoon Danilewsky, 1890, Haemoproteus Kruse, 1890, and Plasmodium Marchiafava and Celli, 1885 were detected in 169 (20%), 3 (<1%), and 0 (0%) samples, respectively. Occupancy modeling was used to estimate prevalence of Leucocytozoon parasites and assess variation relative to species, age, sex, geographic area, year, and decade. Species, age, and decade were identified as important in explaining differences in prevalence of Leucocytozoon parasites. Leucocytozoon parasites were detected in goslings sampled along the Arctic Coastal Plain using both historic and contemporary samples, which provided support for transmission in the North American Arctic. In contrast, lack of detection of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites in goslings (n = 238) provided evidence to suggest that the transmission of parasites of these genera may not occur among waterfowl using tundra habitats in Alaska, or alternatively, may only occur at low levels. Five haemosporidian genetic lineages shared among different species of geese sampled from two geographic areas were indicative of interspecies parasite transmission and supported broad parasite or vector distributions. However, identical Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus lineages on public databases were limited to waterfowl hosts suggesting constraints in the range of parasite hosts. C1 [Ramey, A. M.; Reed, J. A.; Schmutz, J. A.; Fondell, T. F.; Meixell, B. W.; Hupp, J. W.; Ward, D. H.; Terenzi, J.; Ely, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov OI Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 FU Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area FX We are grateful to many biologists and volunteers for their assistance with captures. We thank A. Leach for providing blood samples from Black Brant collected on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in 2012. We appreciate reviews provided by J. Pearce, W. Kistler, and two anonymous reviewers. Administrative support was provided by J. Pearce, T. DeGange, P. Bright, K. Briggs, and S. Gross of the US Geological Survey (USGS). This work is part of the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative and is supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 92 IS 8 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0041 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT5AB UT WOS:000344954800006 ER PT J AU Ricca, MA Van Vuren, DH Weckerly, FW Williams, JC Miles, AK AF Ricca, Mark A. Van Vuren, Dirk H. Weckerly, Floyd W. Williams, Jeffrey C. Miles, A. Keith TI Irruptive dynamics of introduced caribou on Adak Island, Alaska: an evaluation of Riney-Caughley model predictions SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge; Aleutian archipelago; Cervidae; hunting; insular; irruption; population dynamics; range expansion; Rangifer tarandus; reindeer; space use; ungulate ID ST-MATTHEW-ISLAND; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LARGE HERBIVORES; UNGULATE POPULATIONS; REINDEER HERDS; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; STOCHASTICITY; PRODUCTIVITY AB Large mammalian herbivores introduced to islands without predators are predicted to undergo irruptive population and spatial dynamics, but only a few well-documented case studies support this paradigm. We used the Riney-Caughley model as a framework to test predictions of irruptive population growth and spatial expansion of caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) introduced to Adak Island in the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska in 1958 and 1959. We utilized a time series of spatially explicit counts conducted on this population intermittently over a 54-year period. Population size increased from 23 released animals to approximately 2900 animals in 2012. Population dynamics were characterized by two distinct periods of irruptive growth separated by a long time period of relative stability, and the catalyst for the initial irruption was more likely related to annual variation in hunting pressure than weather conditions. An unexpected pattern resembling logistic population growth occurred between the peak of the second irruption in 2005 and the next survey conducted seven years later in 2012. Model simulations indicated that an increase in reported harvest alone could not explain the deceleration in population growth, yet high levels of unreported harvest combined with increasing density-dependent feedbacks on fecundity and survival were the most plausible explanation for the observed population trend. No studies of introduced island Rangifer have measured a time series of spatial use to the extent described in this study. Spatial use patterns during the post-calving season strongly supported Riney-Caughley model predictions, whereby high-density core areas expanded outwardly as population size increased. During the calving season, caribou displayed marked site fidelity across the full range of population densities despite availability of other suitable habitats for calving. Finally, dispersal and reproduction on neighboring Kagalaska Island represented a new dispersal front for irruptive dynamics and a new challenge for resource managers. The future demography of caribou on both islands is far from certain, yet sustained and significant hunting pressure should be a vital management tool. C1 [Ricca, Mark A.; Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ricca, Mark A.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.; Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Weckerly, Floyd W.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Williams, Jeffrey C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Ricca, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM mark_ricca@usgs.gov FU USFWS Region 7 Invasives with Volunteers Program; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; USFWS-AMNWR; Friends of Alaska National Wildlife Refuges; Texas State University Department of Biology FX We recognize the many biologists, island residents, and pilots whose collective efforts over 50 years produced much of the time series used in this manuscript, including (but not limited to) D. Boone, D. Brown, V. Byrd, G. Brogdon, C. Dean, F. Dienes, T. Early, S. Ebbert, J. Fischer, J. Fuller, K. Hall, R. Jones, E. Klett, K. Livezey, J. Martin, M. Masteller, J. Meehan, J. Mueller, B. Reiswig, M. Smith, L. Slater, L. Spitler, T. Spitler, B. Springer, G. Tarbet, R. Thabes, and V. Tutiakoff Jr. This projected was supported in part by funding from the USFWS Region 7 Invasives with Volunteers Program, USGS Western Ecological Research Center, USFWS-AMNWR, Friends of Alaska National Wildlife Refuges, and Texas State University Department of Biology. Helicopter use for the 2012 and other surveys was graciously facilitated through cooperative agreements between the USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory (J. Paskievitch) and USFWS-AMNWR. M. Ricca, F. Weckerly, and J. Williams (co-authors) along with V. Tutiakoff Jr. conducted the 2012 survey. We thank A. Duarte, V. Eviner, G. Herring, D. Klein, T. Kimball, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on prior manuscript drafts. J. Estes and T. Tinker kindly allowed use of their skiff to access remote areas for ground counts, and conversations with Adak residents and hunters were very informative. Use of product names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD AUG PY 2014 VL 5 IS 8 AR 94 DI 10.1890/ES13-00338.1 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DL UT WOS:000345096900001 ER PT J AU Moscati, RJ Johnson, CA AF Moscati, R. J. Johnson, C. A. TI Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE garnet; Yucca Mountain; vapour phase; oxygen isotope; tridymite; Topopah Spring Tuff ID VALLEY CALDERA COMPLEX; SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA; SECONDARY CALCITE; TIMBER-MOUNTAIN; NEW-MEXICO; FRACTIONATION; PETROGENESIS; MINERALS; RHYOLITE; SILICATES AB Twenty vapour-phase garnets were studied in two samples of the Topopah Spring Tuff of the Paintbrush Group from Yucca Mountain, in southern Nevada. The Miocene-age Topopah Spring Tuff is a 350 m thick, devitrified, moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff that is zoned compositionally from high-silica rhyolite to latite. During cooling of the tuff, escaping vapour produced lithophysae (former gas cavities) lined with an assemblage of tridymite (commonly inverted to cristobalite or quartz), sanidine and locally, hematite and/or garnet. Vapour-phase topaz and economic deposits associated commonly with topaz-bearing rhyolites (characteristically enriched in F) were not found in the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain. Based on their occurrence only in lithophysae, the garnets are not primary igneous phenocrysts, but rather crystals that grew from a F-poor magma-derived vapour trapped during and after emplacement of the tuff. The garnets are euhedral, vitreous, reddish brown, trapezohedral, as large as 2 mm in diameter and fractured. The garnets also contain inclusions of tridymite. Electron microprobe analyses of the garnets reveal that they are almandine-spessartine (48.0 and 47.9 mol.%, respectively), have an average composition of (Fe1.46Mn1.45Mg0.03Ca0.10)(Al1.93Ti0.02)Si3.01O12 and are comparatively homogeneous in Fe and Mn concentrations from core to rim. Composited garnets from each sample site have delta O-18 values of 7.2 and 7.4 parts per thousand. The associated quartz (after tridymite) has delta O-18 values of 17.4 and 17.6 parts per thousand, values indicative of reaction with later, low-temperature water. Unaltered tridymite from higher in the stratigraphic section has a delta O-18 of 11.1% which, when coupled with the garnet delta O-18 values in a quartz-garnet fractionation equation, indicates isotopic equilibration (vapour-phase crystallization) at temperatures of similar to 600 degrees C. This high-temperature mineralization, formed during cooling of the tuffs, is distinct from the later and commonly recognized low-temperature stage (generally 50-70 degrees C) of calcite, quartz and opal secondary mineralization, formed from downward-percolating meteoric water, that locally coats fracture footwalls and lithophysal floors. C1 [Moscati, R. J.; Johnson, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Moscati, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rmoscati@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC PI TWICKENHAM PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X EI 1471-8022 J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1029 EP 1041 DI 10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.14 PG 13 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA AS7ER UT WOS:000344420600013 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE AF Keeley, Jon E. TI Aquatic CAM photosynthesis: A brief history of its discovery SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CAM; Crassula; Isoetes; Littorella; Stylites; Nighttime carbon fixation ID CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; UNIFLORA L ASCHERS; ISOETES-HOWELLII; CARBON UPTAKE; PLANT; ROOTS; BOLANDERI; PATHWAYS; STYLITES; LEAVES AB Aquatic CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthesis was discovered while investigating an unrelated biochemical pathway concerned with anaerobic metabolism. George Bowes was a significant contributor to this project early in its infancy. Not only did he provide me with some valuable perspectives on peer review rejections, but by working with his gas exchange system I was able to take our initial observations of diel fluctuations in malic acid to the next level, showing this aquatic plant exhibited dark CO2 uptake. CAM is universal in all aquatic species of the worldwide Lycophyta genus Isoetes and nonexistent in terrestrial Isoetes. Outside of this genus aquatic CAM has a limited occurrence in three other families, including the Crassulaceae. This discovery led to fascinating adventures in the highlands of the Peruvian Andes in search of Stylites, a terrestrial relative of Isoetes. Stylites is a plant that is hermetically sealed from the atmosphere and obtains all of its carbon from terrestrial sources and recycles carbon through CAM. Considering the Mesozoic origin of Isoetes in shallow pools, coupled with the fact that aquatic Isoetes universally possess CAM, suggests the earliest evolution of CAM photosynthesis was most likely not in terrestrial plants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Hwy, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 118 SI SI BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2014.05.010 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6JP UT WOS:000343690200005 ER PT J AU Johnson, SY Hartwell, SR Dartnell, P AF Johnson, Samuel Y. Hartwell, Stephen R. Dartnell, Peter TI Offset of Latest Pleistocene Shoreface Reveals Slip Rate on the Hosgri Strike-Slip Fault, Offshore Central California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEMS; ORIGINS; RIDGES; ZONE AB The Hosgri fault is the southern part of the regional Hosgri-San Gregorio dextral strike-slip fault system, which extends primarily in the offshore for about 400 km in central California. Between Morro Bay and San Simeon, high-resolution multibeam bathymetry reveals that the eastern strand of the Hosgri fault is crossed by an similar to 265 m wide slope interpreted as the shoreface of a latest Pleistocene sand spit. This sand spit crossed an embayment and connected a western fault-bounded bedrock peninsula and an eastern bedrock highland, a paleogeography resembling modern coastal geomorphology along the San Andreas fault. Detailed analysis of the relict shoreface with slope profiles and slope maps indicates a lateral slip rate of 2.6 +/- 0.9 mm/yr, considered a minimum rate for the Hosgri given the presence of an active western strand. This slip rate indicates that the Hosgri system takes up the largest share of the strike-slip fault budget and is the most active strike-slip fault west of the San Andreas fault in central California. This result further demonstrates the value and potential of high-resolution bathymetry in characterization of active offshore faults. C1 [Johnson, Samuel Y.; Hartwell, Stephen R.; Dartnell, Peter] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Johnson, SY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sjohnson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) through a Collaborative Research and Development Agreement FX This work was jointly funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) through a Collaborative Research and Development Agreement. We thank David Finlayson, Jenny White, and Pete Dal Ferro for assistance in collection of USGS multibeam bathymetric data. The paper was revised and improved following constructive reviews by Tom Hanks, Yann Klinger, and an anonymous reviewer. We have benefitted from stimulating discussions with Hans AbramsonWard, David Finlayson, Brian Gray, Gary Greene, Phil Hogan, Rikk Kvitek, Stu Nishenko, Gordon Seitz, Steve Thompson, Tom Parsons, and Janet Watt. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1650 EP 1662 DI 10.1785/0120130257 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR0CQ UT WOS:000343233600005 ER PT J AU Boyd, OS Cramer, CH AF Boyd, Oliver S. Cramer, Chris H. TI Estimating Earthquake Magnitudes from Reported Intensities in the Central and Eastern United States SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; GROUND MOTION; ATTENUATION; LOCATION; AFTERSHOCKS; CHARLESTON; FEEL AB A new macroseismic intensity prediction equation is derived for the central and eastern United States and is used to estimate the magnitudes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid, Missouri, and 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquakes. This work improves upon previous derivations of intensity prediction equations by including additional intensity data, correcting magnitudes in the intensity datasets to moment magnitude, and accounting for the spatial and temporal population distributions. The new relation leads to moment magnitude estimates for the New Madrid earthquakes that are toward the lower range of previous studies. Depending on the intensity dataset to which the new macroseismic intensity prediction equation is applied, mean estimates for the 16 December 1811, 23 January 1812, and 7 February 1812 mainshocks, and 16 December 1811 dawn aftershock range from 6.9 to 7.1, 6.8 to 7.1, 7.3 to 7.6, and 6.3 to 6.5, respectively. One-sigma uncertainties on any given estimate could be as high as 0.3-0.4 magnitude units. We also estimate a magnitude of 6.9 +/- 0.3 for the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake. We find a greater range of magnitude estimates when also accounting for multiple macroseismic intensity prediction equations. The inability to accurately and precisely ascertain magnitude from intensities increases the uncertainty of the central United States earthquake hazard by nearly a factor of two. Relative to the 2008 national seismic hazard maps, our range of possible 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquake magnitudes increases the coefficient of variation of seismic hazard estimates for Memphis, Tennessee, by 35%-42% for ground motions expected to be exceeded with a 2% probability in 50 years and by 27%-35% for ground motions expected to be exceeded with a 10% probability in 50 years. C1 [Boyd, Oliver S.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Cramer, Chris H.] Univ Memphis, CERI, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Boyd, OS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM olboyd@usgs.gov; ccramer@memphis.edu OI Boyd, Oliver/0000-0001-9457-0407 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1709 EP 1722 DI 10.1785/0120120352 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR0CQ UT WOS:000343233600010 ER PT J AU Segou, M Ellsworth, WL Parsons, T AF Segou, M. Ellsworth, W. L. Parsons, T. TI Stress Transfer by the 2008 M-w 6.4 Achaia Earthquake to the Western Corinth Gulf and Its Relation with the 2010 Efpalio Sequence, Central Greece SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; NORTHWEST PELOPONNESE; RIFT; EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION; MAGNITUDE; CRUST; GPS; COMPLETENESS; CONSTRAINTS AB We investigate the interaction between transform faults and normal faults in western Greece based on seismological analysis and static stress transfer calculations associated with the 8 June 2008 M-w 6.4 Achaia earthquake. We present a relocated earthquake catalog for the period between June 2008 and January 2010, when two normal-faulting events on 18 (M-w 5.3) and 22 (M-w 5.2) January 2010 occurred at Efpalio (western Corinth gulf). They were located approximately 70 km northeast from the buried right-lateral fault, identified as the causative structure of the Achaia earthquake. The first Efpalio event ruptured a mapped normal fault that trends east-northeast-west-southwest, dipping 55 degrees-60 degrees to the south. We estimate similar to 2-fold seismicity rate changes in the western Corinth gulf region for the interseismic period (June 2008-January 2010), and we find that inside this interval, the monthly event rate remained increased at a 2 sigma significance level. We calculate a Coulomb stress increase (0.1-0.6 bar) in the Efpalio region using optimally oriented for failure planes, and an similar to 0.11 bar Coulomb stress increase at the hypocenters of the January 2010 events when incorporating geologically defined receiver planes. We conclude that the positive static stress changes following the Achaia event promoted the observed spatiotemporal clustering in the Corinth gulf for this specific period. We identify fault unclamping due to normal stress reduction as the physical mechanism in this case. The high seismic-hazard character of the target region (0.24g) in the National Building Code emphasizes the importance of time-dependent earthquake probabilities and stress-mediated fault interaction studies. C1 [Segou, M.; Ellsworth, W. L.; Parsons, T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Segou, M (reprint author), GeoAzur, 250 Rue Einstein, F-06560 Sophia Antipolis, France. EM segou@unice.geoazur.fr; ellsworth@usgs.gov; tparsons@usgs.gov OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 FU Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors would like to thank Bob Simpson and Andrea Llenos for their comments and suggestions on an early draft of the manuscript. We also thank Associate Editor Heather DeShon and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and presentation suggestions. The research presented in this paper has been supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1723 EP 1734 DI 10.1785/0120130142 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR0CQ UT WOS:000343233600011 ER PT J AU Benz, HM Herrmann, RB AF Benz, H. M. Herrmann, R. B. TI Rapid Estimates of the Source Time Function and M-w using Empirical Green's Function Deconvolution SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID P-WAVE-FORMS; TELESEISMIC DISTANCES; SOURCE INVERSION; MOMENT TENSORS; EARTHQUAKE; MAGNITUDE; CALIFORNIA AB The U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) uses a variety of classical network-averaged magnitudes (e.g., m(b) and M-s) and waveform modeling procedures to determine the moment magnitude (M-w) of an earthquake from teleseismic observations. Initial magnitude estimates are often inaccurate because of poor azimuthal control (sampling of the focal sphere) and/or intrinsic limitation of each method to a specific range of event size. To provide faster and more accurate estimates of the moment magnitude, source duration, and source complexity, NEIC is exploring the use of a variation of the empirical Green's function (EGF) deconvolution procedure. This approach uses a predicted focal mechanism derived from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor Catalog to compute teleseismic P-wave synthetic seismograms, which are then deconvolved from observed P and SH waveforms to determine station-specific M-w, source time function, and a network-averaged M-w. Our EGF approach is validated using broadband waveforms from 246 earthquakes in the magnitude range M-w 6.0-9.1. Within approximately 13 min of earthquake origin time, our procedure using teleseismic P waves only computes an M-w that lies within +/- 0.25 of the final W-phase M-w in the magnitude range 6-8. Using later arriving teleseismic SH phases results in an M-w that lies within +/- 0.12 of the W-phase M-w. For magnitude 8 or larger earthquakes, we underestimated the moment magnitude by up to 0.8 magnitude units, primarily due to the initial P phase not containing the total seismic moment release. Long-period phases such as the W-phase and surface waves that better characterize total moment release can also be incorporated in the processing. C1 [Benz, H. M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Herrmann, R. B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Benz, HM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This research was supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Paul Earle, Gavin Hayes, and Jim Dewey of the USGS, and Goran Ekstrom and an anonymous journal reviewer provided thoughtful comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1812 EP 1819 DI 10.1785/0120130325 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR0CQ UT WOS:000343233600018 ER PT J AU Michael, AJ AF Michael, Andrew J. TI How Complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog? SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTIONS; SEISMOGRAPH NETWORK; B-VALUES; MAGNITUDE; JAPAN; ERA AB The International Seismological Centre, in collaboration with the Global Earthquake Model effort, has released a new global earthquake catalog, covering the time period from 1900 through the end of 2009. In order to use this catalog for global earthquake studies, I determined the magnitude of completeness (M-c) as a function of time by dividing the earthquakes shallower than 60 km into seven time periods based on major changes in catalog processing and data availability and applying four objective methods to determine M-c, with uncertainties determined by nonparametric bootstrapping. Deeper events were divided into two time periods. Because of differences between the four methods, the final M-c was determined subjectively by examining the main features of each method in both the cumulative and binned magnitude-frequency distributions. The time periods and Mc values for shallow events are 1900-1917, M-c = 7.7; 1918-1939, M-c = 7.0; 1940-1954, M-c = 6.8; 1955-1963, M-c = 6.5; 1964-1975, M-c = 6.0; 1976-2003, M-c = 5.8; and 2004-2009, M-c = 5.7. Using these M-c values for the longest time periods for which they are valid (e.g., 1918-2009, 1940-2009, ...), the shallow data fits a Gutenberg-Richter distribution with b = 1.05 and a = 8.3, within 1 standard deviation and with no declustering. The exception is for time periods that include 1900-1917, during which there are only 33 events with M >= M-c and, for those few data, b = 2.15 +/- 0.46. That result calls for further investigations for this time period, ideally having a larger number of earthquakes. For deep events, the results are M-c = 7.1 for 1900-1963 (although the early data are problematic) and M-c = 5.7 for 1964-2009. For the later time period, b = 0.99 and a = 7.3. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Michael, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM michael@usgs.gov RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010 OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1829 EP 1837 DI 10.1785/0120130227 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR0CQ UT WOS:000343233600020 ER PT J AU Kamai, R Abrahamson, N Graves, R AF Kamai, Ronnie Abrahamson, Norman Graves, Robert TI Adding Fling Effects to Processed Ground-Motion Time Histories SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1999 CHI-CHI; SURFACE DISPLACEMENT; RESPONSE SPECTRA; RUPTURE LENGTH; FAULT GEOMETRY; EARTHQUAKE; TAIWAN; DIRECTIVITY; SIMULATION; WIDTH AB Fling is the engineering term for the effects of the permanent tectonic offset, caused by a rupturing fault in the recorded ground motions near the fault. It is expressed by a one-sided pulse in ground velocity and a nonzero final displacement at the end of shaking. Standard processing of earthquake time histories removes some of the fling effects that may be required for engineering applications. A method to parameterize the fling-step time history and to superimpose it onto traditionally processed time histories has been developed by Abrahamson (2002). In this paper, we first present an update to the Abrahamson (2002) fling-step models, in which the fling step is parameterized as a single cycle of a sine wave. Parametric models are presented for the sine-wave amplitude (D-site) and period (T-f). The expressions for D-site and T-f are derived from an extensive set of finite-fault simulations conducted on the Southern California Earthquake Center broadband platform (see Data and Resources). The simulations were run with the Graves and Pitarka (2010) hybrid simulation method and included strike-slip and reverse scenarios for magnitudes of 6.0-8.2 and dips of 30 through 90. Next, an improved approach for developing design ground motions with fling effects is presented, which deals with the problem of double-counting intermediate period components that were not removed by the standard ground-motion processing. Finally, the results are validated against a set of 84 empirical recordings containing fling. C1 [Kamai, Ronnie] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Abrahamson, Norman] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Graves, Robert] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Kamai, R (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RI Kamai, Ronnie/G-6584-2015 FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); Pacific Gas & Electric Company FX This study was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the Pacific Gas & Electric Company. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the above-mentioned agencies. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1914 EP 1929 DI 10.1785/0120130272 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR0CQ UT WOS:000343233600026 ER PT J AU Catchings, RD Rymer, MJ Goldman, MR Sickler, RR Criley, CJ AF Catchings, R. D. Rymer, M. J. Goldman, M. R. Sickler, R. R. Criley, C. J. TI A Method and Example of Seismically Imaging Near-Surface Fault Zones in Geologically Complex Areas Using V-P, V-S, and their Ratios SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION SITE; 3-DIMENSIONAL VP/VS VARIATIONS; PRESTACK DEPTH MIGRATION; TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; PUNCHBOWL FAULT; WAVE VELOCITIES; LOMA-PRIETA; LOS-ANGELES; MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT AB The determination of near-surface (vadose zone and slightly below) fault locations and geometries is important because assessment of ground rupture, strong shaking, geologic slip rates, and rupture histories occurs at shallow depths. However, seismic imaging of fault zones at shallow depths can be difficult due to near-surface complexities, such as weathering, groundwater saturation, massive (nonlayered) rocks, and vertically layered strata. Combined P- and S-wave seismic-refraction tomography data can overcome many of the near-surface, fault-zone seismic-imaging problems because of differences in the responses of elastic (bulk and shear) moduli of P and S waves to shallow-depth, fault-zone properties. We show that high-resolution refraction tomography images of P- to S-wave velocity ratios (V-P/V-S) can reliably identify near-surface faults. We demonstrate this method using tomography images of the San Andreas fault (SAF) surface-rupture zone associated with the 18 April 1906 similar to M 7.9 San Francisco earthquake on the San Francisco peninsula in California. There, the SAF cuts through Franciscan melange, which consists of an incoherent assemblage of greywacke, chert, greenstone, and serpentinite. A near-vertical zone (similar to 75 degrees northeast dip) of high P-wave velocities (up to 3000 m/s), low S-wave velocities (similar to 150-600 m/s), high V-P/V-S ratios (4-8.8), and high Poisson's ratios (0.44-0.49) characterizes the main surface-rupture zone to a depth of about 20 m and is consistent with nearby trench observations. We suggest that the combined V-P/V-S imaging approach can reliably identify most near-surface fault zones in locations where many other seismic methods cannot be applied. C1 [Catchings, R. D.; Rymer, M. J.; Goldman, M. R.; Sickler, R. R.; Criley, C. J.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Catchings, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program; SFPUC FX We thank the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) for property access, the SFPUC and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program for partial funding, Leroy Gullette for field assistance and access, and The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, for permission to reprint their photographs from the 1906 M 7.9 San Francisco earthquake. We thank Daniel Ponti, Emma Gatti, and BSSA reviewers and editors for thoughtful reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1989 EP 2006 DI 10.1785/0120130294 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR0CQ UT WOS:000343233600032 ER PT J AU Yabe, S Baltay, AS Ide, S Beroza, GC AF Yabe, Suguru Baltay, Annemarie S. Ide, Satoshi Beroza, Gregory C. TI Seismic-Wave Attenuation Determined from Tectonic Tremor in Multiple Subduction Zones SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; NANKAI TROUGH; DEEP TREMOR; NEW-ZEALAND; EARTHQUAKES; VELOCITY; PLATE; SLIP AB Tectonic tremor provides a new source of observations that can be used to constrain the seismic attenuation parameter for ground-motion prediction and hazard mapping. Traditionally, recorded earthquakes of magnitude similar to 3-8 are used to develop ground-motion prediction equations; however, typical earthquake records may be sparse in areas of high hazard. In this study, we constrain the distance decay of seismic waves using measurements of the amplitude decay of tectonic tremor, which is plentiful in some regions. Tectonic tremor occurs in the frequency band of interest for ground-motion prediction (i.e., similar to 2-8 Hz) and is located on the subducting plate interface, at the lower boundary of where future large earthquakes are expected. We empirically fit the distance decay of peak ground velocity from tremor to determine the attenuation parameter in four subduction zones: Nankai, Japan; Cascadia, United States-Canada; Jalisco, Mexico; and southern Chile. With the large amount of data available from tremor, we show that in the upper plate, the lower crust is less attenuating than the upper crust. We apply the same analysis to intraslab events in Nankai and show the possibility that waves traveling from deeper intraslab events experience more attenuation than those from the shallower tremor due to ray paths that pass through the subducting and highly attenuating oceanic crust. This suggests that high pore-fluid pressure is present in the tremor source region. These differences imply that the attenuation parameter determined from intraslab earthquakes may underestimate ground motion for future large earthquakes on the plate interface. C1 [Yabe, Suguru; Ide, Satoshi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Baltay, Annemarie S.] USGS Menlo Pk, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Yabe, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM yabe@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; abaltay@usgs.gov; ide@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; beroza@stanford.edu OI Yabe, Suguru/0000-0002-5614-0198 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI [23244090]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) KAKENHI [21107007]; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, MEXT, Japan FX The authors appreciate all data sources listed above. We also appreciate useful comments from H. Miyake in the Earthquake Research Institute at the University of Tokyo. We appreciate two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments to improve this manuscript. This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (23244090), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) KAKENHI (21107007), the Program for Leading Graduate Schools, MEXT, Japan. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 BP 2043 EP 2059 DI 10.1785/0120140032 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR0CQ UT WOS:000343233600035 ER PT J AU Geist, EL AF Geist, Eric L. TI Explanation of Temporal Clustering of Tsunami Sources Using the Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence Model SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISMS; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; BRANCHING-PROCESS; MOMENT TENSORS; OCCURRENCES; SEISMICITY; PHENOMENOLOGY; PARAMETERS; EXCITATION; CATALOGS AB Temporal clustering of tsunami sources is examined in terms of a branching process model. It previously was observed that there are more short interevent times between consecutive tsunami sources than expected from a stationary Poisson process. The epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) branching process model is fitted to tsunami catalog events, using the earthquake magnitude of the causative event from the Centennial and Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) catalogs and tsunami sizes above a completeness level as a mark to indicate that a tsunami was generated. The ETAS parameters are estimated using the maximum-likelihood method. The interevent distribution associated with the ETAS model provides a better fit to the data than the Poisson model or other temporal clustering models. When tsunamigenic conditions (magnitude threshold, submarine location, dip-slip mechanism) are applied to the Global CMT catalog, ETAS parameters are obtained that are consistent with those estimated from the tsunami catalog. In particular, the dip-slip condition appears to result in a near zero magnitude effect for triggered tsunami sources. The overall consistency between results from the tsunami catalog and that from the earthquake catalog under tsunamigenic conditions indicates that ETAS models based on seismicity can provide the structure for understanding patterns of tsunami source occurrence. The fractional rate of triggered tsunami sources on a global basis is approximately 14%. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 BP 2091 EP 2103 DI 10.1785/0120130275 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR0CQ UT WOS:000343233600038 ER PT J AU Euskirchen, ES Edgar, CW Turetsky, MR Waldrop, MP Harden, JW AF Euskirchen, E. S. Edgar, C. W. Turetsky, M. R. Waldrop, M. P. Harden, J. W. TI Differential response of carbon fluxes to climate in three peatland ecosystems that vary in the presence and stability of permafrost SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE net ecosystem exchange; methane; thermokarst; collapse scar bog; fen; black spruce ID EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; GREENHOUSE-GAS FLUXES; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; NORTHERN PEATLAND; METHANE FLUXES; BOREAL PEATLANDS; CO2; EXCHANGE; CANADA AB Changes in vegetation and soil properties following permafrost degradation and thermokarst development in peatlands may cause changes in net carbon storage. To better understand these dynamics, we established three sites in Alaska that vary in permafrost regime, including a black spruce peat plateau forest with stable permafrost, an internal collapse scar bog formed as a result of thermokarst, and a rich fen without permafrost. Measurements include year-round eddy covariance estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2), water, and energy fluxes, associated environmental variables, and methane (CH4) fluxes at the collapse scar bog. The ecosystems all acted as net sinks of CO2 in 2011 and 2012, when air temperature and precipitation remained near long-term means. In 2013, under a late snowmelt and late leaf out followed by a hot, dry summer, the permafrost forest and collapse scar bog were sources of CO2. In this same year, CO2 uptake in the fen increased, largely because summer inundation from groundwater inputs suppressed ecosystem respiration. CO2 exchange in the permafrost forest and collapse scar bog was sensitive to warm air temperatures, with 0.5g C m(-2) lost each day when maximum air temperature was very warm (29 degrees C). The bog lost 4981300mg CH4 m(-2) between April and September 2013, indicating that this ecosystem acted as a significant source of both CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere in 2013. These results suggest that boreal peatland responses to warming and drying, both of which are expected to occur in a changing climate, will depend on permafrost regime. C1 [Euskirchen, E. S.; Edgar, C. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Turetsky, M. R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Waldrop, M. P.; Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Euskirchen, ES (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM seeuskirchen@alaska.edu OI Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use R D Program; U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Climate Science Center; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program; National Science Foundation [DEB-1026415]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research FX A number of individuals provided field assistance, including Bill Cable, Rebecca Finger, Carolyn Gibson, and Glenn Scott. We thank Miriam Jones for information pertaining to the age of the collapse scar bog. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding was provided through the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use R & D Program, the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network, and the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Climate Science Center. Funding was also provided by the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by National Science Foundation grant DEB-1026415 and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research). Data used in this study are archived in the Bonanza Creek LTER database: http://www.lter.uaf.edu/data.cfm. NR 85 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 76 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1576 EP 1595 DI 10.1002/2014JG002683 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AQ7KK UT WOS:000342993200007 ER PT J AU Gaglioti, BV Mann, DH Jones, BM Pohlman, JW Kunz, ML Wooller, MJ AF Gaglioti, Benjamin V. Mann, Daniel H. Jones, Benjamin M. Pohlman, John W. Kunz, Michael L. Wooller, Matthew J. TI Radiocarbon age-offsets in an arctic lake reveal the long-term response of permafrost carbon to climate change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE radiocarbon; lake sediment; carbon cycling; permafrost; paleoclimatology; Younger Dryas ID NORTHERN ALASKA; VEGETATION MAP; ORGANIC-MATTER; MAMMOTH STEPPE; SEDIMENTS; HOLOCENE; TUNDRA; CANADA; THAW; BERINGIA AB Continued warming of the Arctic may cause permafrost to thaw and speed the decomposition of large stores of soil organic carbon (OC), thereby accentuating global warming. However, it is unclear if recent warming has raised the current rates of permafrost OC release to anomalous levels or to what extent soil carbon release is sensitive to climate forcing. Here we use a time series of radiocarbon age-offsets (C-14) between the bulk lake sediment and plant macrofossils deposited in an arctic lake as an archive for soil and permafrost OC release over the last 14,500 years. The lake traps and archives OC imported from the watershed and allows us to test whether prior warming events stimulated old carbon release and heightened age-offsets. Today, the age-offset (2ka; thousand of calibrated years before A.D. 1950) and the depositional rate of ancient OC from the watershed into the lake are relatively low and similar to those during the Younger Dryas cold interval (occurring 12.9-11.7ka). In contrast, age-offsets were higher (3.0-5.0ka) when summer air temperatures were warmer than present during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (11.7-9.0ka) and BOlling-AllerOd periods (14.5-12.9ka). During these warm times, permafrost thaw contributed to ancient OC depositional rates that were similar to 10 times greater than today. Although permafrost OC was vulnerable to climate warming in the past, we suggest surface soil organic horizons and peat are presently limiting summer thaw and carbon release. As a result, the temperature threshold to trigger widespread permafrost OC release is higher than during previous warming events. C1 [Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Mann, Daniel H.; Kunz, Michael L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Geog Program, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Gaglioti, BV (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bengaglioti@gmail.com FU Climate Change Program of the Bureau of Land Management; NOSAMS 14C facility; National Science Foundation [ARC-0902169]; National Park Service; UAF Center for Global Change Student Research Grant; UAF Center for Global Change; U.S. Geological Survey Youth Initiative Fund; Land Change Science program FX The Climate Change Program of the Bureau of Land Management and the graduate student internship at the NOSAMS 14C facility funded much of this work. Partial funding came from National Science Foundation grant ARC-0902169 and the National Park Service. This research was also supported in part by a UAF Center for Global Change Student Research Grant with funds from the UAF Center for Global Change. Additional financial support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Youth Initiative Fund and Land Change Science program. We thank Dan Cross-Call, Andrew Weller, Pamela Groves, Debbie Nigro, Connie Adkins, and Virgil E. Purchase for help in the field. Tim Howe and Norma Haubenstock from the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility as well as the entire NOSAMS Sample Prep Lab at Woods Hole Ocean Institute aided in the lab work portion of this research. We thank one anonymous reviewer, Lesleigh Anderson, and Dennis Baldochi for their thoughtful and constructive comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. Ann McNichol helped greatly with the ramped-temperature techniques. Discussions with Bruce Finney, Ann McNichol, Miriam Jones, Brad Rosenheim, and Elizabeth Williams greatly enhanced this manuscript. All data and calculations used for this study can be requested from the corresponding author. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1630 EP 1651 DI 10.1002/2014JG002688 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AQ7KK UT WOS:000342993200010 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Lauenroth, WK AF Munson, Seth M. Lauenroth, William K. TI Controls of vegetation structure and net primary production in restored grasslands SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation Reserve Program; diversity and ecosystem function; non-native species; net primary production; perennial grass; shortgrass steppe; species richness ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; PLANT COMMUNITY; USE EFFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; SOIL; DISTURBANCE; PRECIPITATION; ESTABLISHMENT; AVAILABILITY AB 1. Vegetation structure and net primary production (NPP) are fundamental properties of ecosystems. Understanding how restoration practices following disturbance interact with environmental factors to control these properties can provide insight on how ecosystems recover and guide management efforts. 2. We assessed the relative contribution of environmental and restoration factors in controlling vegetation structure, above-and below-ground investment in production across a chronosequence of semi-arid Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields recovering from dry land wheat cropping relative to undisturbed grassland. Importantly, we determined the role of plant diversity and how seeding either native or introduced perennial grasses influenced the recovery of vegetation properties. 3. Plant basal cover increased with field age and was highest in CRP fields seeded with native perennial grasses. In contrast, fields seeded with introduced perennial grasses had tall-growing plants with relatively low basal cover. These vegetation structural characteristics interacted with precipitation, but not soil characteristics, to influence above-ground NPP (ANPP). Fields enrolled in the CRP for > 7 years supported twice as much ANPP as undisturbed shortgrass steppe in the first wet year of the study, but all CRP fields converged on a common low amount of ANPP in the following dry year and invested less than half as much as the shortgrass steppe in below-ground biomass. 4. ANPP in CRP fields seeded with native perennial grasses for > 7 years was positively related to species richness, whereas ANPP in CRP fields seeded with introduced perennial grasses was controlled more by dominant species. 5. Synthesis and applications. Seeding with introduced, instead of native, perennial grasses had a strong direct influence on vegetation structure, including species richness, which indirectly affected NPP through time. However, the effects of restoring either native or introduced grasses on NPP were secondary to low water availability. Therefore, restoration strategies that maximize basal cover and below-ground biomass, which promote water acquisition, may lead to high resilience in semi-arid and arid regions. C1 [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov FU Shortgrass Steppe LTER project (National Science Foundation Grant) [0217631]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0094-005]; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station [1-57661] FX The Shortgrass Steppe LTER project (National Science Foundation Grant No. 0217631), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant No. 2006-0094-005) and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (Grant No. 1-57661) supported this work. We would like to extend our gratitude to all Weld County, Colorado CRP landowners who generously allowed us to sample in their fields. We also wish to thank Ingrid Burke, Alan Knapp, Niall Hanan, Daniel Milchunas, Ben Wissinger, Matt Bowker, and SGS-LTER staff for their assistance during this project and two anonymous reviewers who greatly enhanced the quality of this paper. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 51 IS 4 BP 988 EP 996 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12283 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ5LP UT WOS:000342851000017 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Droege, S Rabie, PA Larson, JL Devalez, J Haar, M McDermott-Kubeczko, M AF Larson, Diane L. Droege, Sam Rabie, Paul A. Larson, Jennifer L. Devalez, Jelle Haar, Milton McDermott-Kubeczko, Margaret TI Using a network modularity analysis to inform management of a rare endemic plant in the northern Great Plains, USA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eriogonum visheri; invasive plants; Melilotus officinalis; plant-visitor interactions; pollination; resource management; Salsola tragus ID FLOWER-VISITOR NETWORKS; POLLINATION NETWORKS; POLLEN TRANSFER; COMMUNITY; FITNESS; REPRODUCTION; CONSERVATION; DEPOSITION; WEBS AB 1. Analyses of flower-visitor interaction networks allow application of community-level information to conservation problems, but management recommendations that ensue from such analyses are not well characterized. Results of modularity analyses, which detect groups of species (modules) that interact more with each other than with species outside their module, may be particularly applicable to management concerns. 2. We conducted modularity analyses of networks surrounding a rare endemic annual plant, Eriogonum visheri, at Badlands National Park, USA, in 2010 and 2011. Plant species visited were determined by pollen on insect bodies and by flower species upon which insects were captured. Roles within modules (network hub, module hub, connector and peripheral, in decreasing order of network structural importance) were determined for each species. 3. Relationships demonstrated by the modularity analysis, in concert with knowledge of pollen species carried by insects, allowed us to infer effects of two invasive species on E. visheri. Sharing a module increased risk of interspecific pollen transfer to E. visheri. Control of invasive Salsola tragus, which shared a module with E. visheri, is therefore a prudent management objective, but lack of control of invasive Melilotus officinalis, which occupied a different module, is unlikely to negatively affect pollination of E. visheri. Eriogonum pauciflorum may occupy a key position in this network, supporting insects from the E. visheri module when E. visheri is less abundant. 4. Year-to-year variation in species' roles suggests management decisions must be based on observations over several years. Information on pollen deposition on stigmas would greatly strengthen inferences made from the modularity analysis. 5. Synthesis and applications: Assessing the consequences of pollination, whether at the community or individual level, is inherently time-consuming. A trade-off exists: rather than an estimate of fitness effects, the network approach provides a broad understanding of the relationships among insect visitors and other plant species that may affect the focal rare plant. Knowledge of such relationships allows managers to detect, target and prioritize control of only the important subset of invasive species present and identify other species that may augment a rare species' population stability, such as E. pauciflorum in our study. C1 [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Droege, Sam] US Geol Survey, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rabie, Paul A.] WEST Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Larson, Jennifer L.] Polistes Fdn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Devalez, Jelle] Univ Aegean, Dept Geog, Lab Biogeog & Ecol, GR-81100 Mitilini, Greece. [Haar, Milton] Badlands Natl Pk, Rapid City, SD 57750 USA. [McDermott-Kubeczko, Margaret] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dlarson@usgs.gov OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU U.S. Geological Survey Natural Resources Protection Program/Park-oriented Biological Support; U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX We thank our field assistants Ben Iberle, David Stillson, David Campbell and Luke Toso; volunteers Catherine Reed and Samantha Weatherston; intern Anna Farb; and Native Bee Inventory and Laboratory assistant Sue Boo. John Ascher provided expertise with insect identification. We are grateful to Ralph Grundel, Editor Philip Hulme and Associate Editor Juliet Osborne, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by U.S. Geological Survey Natural Resources Protection Program/Park-oriented Biological Support, U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Use of trade or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1024 EP 1032 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12273 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ5LP UT WOS:000342851000021 ER PT J AU Scott, MH Kalkan, E AF Scott, Michael H. Kalkan, Erol TI Special Issue on Computational Simulation in Structural Engineering SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Scott, Michael H.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Scott, MH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 101 Kearney Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM michael.scott@oregonstate.edu; ekalkan@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 140 IS 8 SI SI DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001062 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AQ5FZ UT WOS:000342833600024 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Andraski, BJ Green, CT Stonestrom, DA Striegl, RG AF Walvoord, Michelle A. Andraski, Brian J. Green, Christopher T. Stonestrom, David A. Striegl, Robert G. TI Field-Scale Sulfur Hexafluoride Tracer Experiment to Understand Long Distance Gas Transport in the Deep Unsaturated Zone SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; VADOSE ZONE; HIGH-PLAINS; WATER; SOIL; TORTUOSITY; TRITIUM; DESERT; SITE AB A natural gradient SF6 tracer experiment provided an unprecedented evaluation of long distance gas transport in the deep unsaturated zone (UZ) under controlled (known) conditions. The field-scale gas tracer test in the 110-m-thick UZ was conducted at the U.S. Geological Survey's Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in southwestern Nevada. A history of anomalous (theoretically unexpected) contaminant gas transport observed at the ADRS, next to the first commercial low-level radioactive waste disposal facility in the United States, provided motivation for the SF6 tracer study. Tracer was injected into a deep UZ borehole at depths of 15 and 48 m, and plume migration was observed in a monitoring borehole 9 m away at various depths (0.5-109 m) over the course of 1 yr. Tracer results yielded useful information about gas transport as applicable to the spatial scales of interest for off-site contaminant transport in arid unsaturated zones. Modeling gas diffusion with standard empirical expressions reasonably explained SF6 plume migration, but tended to underpredict peak concentrations for the field-scale experiment given previously determined porosity information. Despite some discrepancies between observations and model results, rapid SF6 gas transport commensurate with previous contaminant migration was not observed. The results provide ancillary support for the concept that apparent anomalies in historic transport behavior at the ADRS are the result of factors other than nonreactive gas transport properties or processes currently in effect in the undisturbed UZ. C1 [Walvoord, Michelle A.] USGS, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Andraski, Brian J.] USGS, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Green, Christopher T.; Stonestrom, David A.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Striegl, Robert G.] USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), USGS, DFC Box 25046,MS-413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM walvoord@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This study was supported by funding from the following USGS programs: Toxic Substances Hydrology, National Research, and National Water-Quality Assessment. We gratefully acknowledge field and lab support provided by USGS colleagues, Ron Baker, Michael Johnson, Leigh Justet, Justin Mayers, and Kim Wickland. We thank Ed Weeks (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 13 IS 8 DI 10.2136/vzj2014.04.0045 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AQ9HT UT WOS:000343162100001 ER PT J AU Baker, ET Hemond, C Briais, A Maia, M Scheirer, DS Walker, SL Wang, TT Chen, YJ AF Baker, Edward T. Hemond, Christophe Briais, Anne Maia, Marcia Scheirer, Daniel S. Walker, Sharon L. Wang, Tingting Chen, Yongshun John TI Correlated patterns in hydrothermal plume distribution and apparent magmatic budget along 2500 km of the Southeast Indian Ridge SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal activity; plume incidence; magmatic budget; Southeast Indian Ridge; mid-ocean ridge; mantle hot spot ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; ICELAND MANTLE PLUME; ST PAUL HOTSPOT; SPREADING CENTER; CRUSTAL ACCRETION; REYKJANES RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; AMSTERDAM; HELIUM AB Multiple geological processes affect the distribution of hydrothermal venting along a mid-ocean ridge. Deciphering the role of a specific process is often frustrated by simultaneous changes in other influences. Here we take advantage of the almost constant spreading rate (65-71 mm/yr) along 2500 km of the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) between 77 degrees E and 99 degrees E to examine the spatial density of hydrothermal venting relative to regional and segment-scale changes in the apparent magmatic budget. We use 227 vertical profiles of light backscatter and (on 41 profiles) oxidation-reduction potential along 27 first and second-order ridge segments on and adjacent to the Amsterdam-St. Paul (ASP) Plateau to map p(h), the fraction of casts detecting a plume. At the regional scale, venting on the five segments crossing the magma-thickened hot spot plateau is almost entirely suppressed (p(h)=0.02). Conversely, the combined p(h) (0.34) from all other segments follows the global trend of p(h) versus spreading rate. Off the ASP Plateau, multisegment trends in p(h) track trends in the regional axial depth, high where regional depth increases and low where it decreases. At the individual segment scale, a robust correlation between p(h) and cross-axis inflation for first-order segments shows that different magmatic budgets among first-order segments are expressed as different levels of hydrothermal spatial density. This correlation is absent among second-order segments. Eighty-five percent of the plumes occur in eight clusters totaling approximate to 350 km. We hypothesize that these clusters are a minimum estimate of the length of axial melt lenses underlying this section of the SEIR. C1 [Baker, Edward T.; Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Hemond, Christophe; Maia, Marcia] Univ Brest, CNRS UBO, Lab Domaines Ocean, Plouzane, France. [Briais, Anne] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Geosci & Environm Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Scheirer, Daniel S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wang, Tingting; Chen, Yongshun John] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean PMEL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM edward.baker@noaa.gov FU NSF [OCE-9505667]; NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; IPEV through the "Flotte Oceanographique Francaise"; CNRS-INSU through the "Campagnes a la mer" program FX J. Hein, R. Haymon, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments. We thank the Masters and crews of RV "Marion Dufresne II" and the engineers of IPEV for help during the GEISEIR I and II cruises and M. Clog for operating MAPRs during GEISEIR I. The GEISEIR project and cruise was funded by IPEV through the "Flotte Oceanographique Francaise" and by CNRS-INSU through the "Campagnes a la mer" program. The 1996 cruise and subsequent work was funded by NSF grant OCE-9505667. Additional funding was supplied by the NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. PMEL contribution 4133, JISAO contribution 2207. Data for axial depth and location, the cross-axis inflation, the mantle Bouguer anomaly of the Southeastern Indian Ridge in our study area, and MAPR profile locations and statistics for plume spatial density in each segment can be found in Tables S1-S3 in the supporting information. MAPR profiles are available from PMEL by request to ETB or SLW. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 8 BP 3198 EP 3211 DI 10.1002/2014GC005344 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ3KY UT WOS:000342693400007 ER PT J AU Clague, DA Dreyer, BM Paduan, JB Martin, JF Caress, DW Gill, JB Kelley, DS Thomas, H Portner, RA Delaney, JR Guilderson, TP McGann, ML AF Clague, David. A. Dreyer, Brian M. Paduan, Jennifer B. Martin, Julie F. Caress, David W. Gill, James B. Kelley, Deborah S. Thomas, Hans Portner, Ryan A. Delaney, John R. Guilderson, Thomas P. McGann, Mary L. TI Eruptive and tectonic history of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, based on AUV mapping data and lava flow ages SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Juan de Fuca Ridge; Endeavour Segment; high-resolution bathymetry; lava flow ages; tectonic; magmatic history ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; RA-226 TH-230 DISEQUILIBRIUM; SEISMIC LAYER 2A; OCEANIC-CRUST; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; AXIAL SEAMOUNT; RIFT-VALLEY; TIME-SCALE AB High-resolution bathymetric surveys from autonomous underwater vehicles ABE and D. Allan B. were merged to create a coregistered map of 71.7 km(2) of the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Radiocarbon dating of foraminifera in cores from three dives of remotely operated vehicle Doc Ricketts provide minimum eruption ages for 40 lava flows that are combined with the bathymetric data to outline the eruptive and tectonic history. The ages range from Modern to 10,700 marine-calibrated years before present (yr BP). During a robust magmatic phase from >10,700 yr BP to approximate to 4300 yr BP, flows erupted from an axial high and many flowed >5 km down the flanks; some partly buried adjacent valleys. Axial magma chambers (AMCs) may have been wider than today to supply dike intrusions over a 2 km wide axial zone. Summit Seamount formed by approximate to 4770 yr BP and was subsequently dismembered during a period of extension with little volcanism starting approximate to 4300 yr BP. This tectonic phase with only rare volcanic eruptions lasted until approximate to 2300 yr BP and may have resulted in near-solidification of the AMCs. The axial graben formed by crustal extension during this period of low magmatic activity. Infrequent eruptions occurred on the flanks between 2620-1760 yr BP and within the axial graben since approximate to 1750 yr BP. This most recent phase of limited volcanic and intense hydrothermal activity that began approximate to 2300 yr BP defines a hydrothermal phase of ridge development that coincides with the present-day 1 km wide AMCs and overlying hydrothermal vent fields. C1 [Clague, David. A.; Dreyer, Brian M.; Paduan, Jennifer B.; Martin, Julie F.; Caress, David W.; Thomas, Hans; Portner, Ryan A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Dreyer, Brian M.; Gill, James B.; Guilderson, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kelley, Deborah S.; Delaney, John R.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Portner, Ryan A.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] LLNL, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. [McGann, Mary L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Clague, DA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM clague@mbari.org OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU NSF [OCE 0732611, OCE 1043274, OCE 0623161, 1061176, OCE 1043403]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We thank the captains and crews of the R/V Western Flyer, R/V Zephyr, R/V Thompson, and R/V Atlantis, and the skillful pilots of the ROV Doc Ricketts, HOV ALVIN, and the AUV D. Allan B. and ABE teams. Without their skill and professionalism at sea, neither the high-resolution mapping data nor the 46 cores could have been collected and this study could not have been completed. Andrew Burleigh, John Jamieson, Linda Kunhz, Amy Lange, Sean Scott, and Kevin Werts assisted at sea during the ROV dives and postdive sample curation at sea, including the cores reported here. Marilena Calarco assisted at sea during the collection of D. Allan B. data in 2008. Jim Holden, funded by NSF grant OCE 0732611, kindly provided ship time to launch and recover the AUV during his 2008 cruise, including expenditure of a precious ALVIN dive to recover the wayward AUV D. Allan B. Suzanne Carbotte kindly shared her latest AMC depths and patiently educated the first author about MCS data and interpretations. The AUV D. Allan B. surveys, ROV Doc Ricketts dives, and salary and laboratory support to D. A. C., B. M. D., J.B.P., J.F.M., D. W. C., R. A. P., and H. T. were supported by a grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to MBARI. Additional support to process and combine the AUV ABE survey data with that from the AUV D. Allan B was provided to D. A. C. and D. W. C. under NSF grant OCE 1043274. J.B.G. and B. M. D. were supported under NSF grants OCE 0623161 and 1061176. D. S. K. was supported under NSF grant OCE 1043403. The ABE surveys were collected as part of a joint project between the University of Washington, the W. M. Keck Foundation, and NEPTUNE Canada. We also thank Dana Yoerger for his development and support of the ABE missions. The 14C dating was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The bathymetric swath data and grids are available through the RIDGE Portal at Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 8 BP 3364 EP 3391 DI 10.1002/2014GC005415 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ3KY UT WOS:000342693400016 ER PT J AU Mastin, LG Van Eaton, AR Lowenstern, JB AF Mastin, Larry G. Van Eaton, Alexa R. Lowenstern, Jacob B. TI Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE supereruption; ashfall; umbrella cloud; hazards; Yellowstone ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; VOLCANIC ASH; REDOUBT VOLCANO; GRAIN-SIZE; ERUPTION; TEPHRA; PINATUBO; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; DEPOSITS AB We used the volcanic ash transport and dispersion model Ash3d to estimate the distribution of ashfall that would result from a modern-day Plinian supereruption at Yellowstone volcano. The simulations required modifying Ash3d to consider growth of a continent-scale umbrella cloud and its interaction with ambient wind fields. We simulated eruptions lasting 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month, each producing 330 km(3) of volcanic ash, dense-rock equivalent (DRE). Results demonstrate that radial expansion of the umbrella cloud is capable of driving ash upwind (westward) and crosswind (N-S) in excess of 1500 km, producing more-or-less radially symmetric isopachs that are only secondarily modified by ambient wind. Deposit thicknesses are decimeters to meters in the northern Rocky Mountains, centimeters to decimeters in the northern Midwest, and millimeters to centimeters on the East, West, and Gulf Coasts. Umbrella cloud growth may explain the extremely widespread dispersal of the approximate to 640 ka and 2.1 Ma Yellowstone tephra deposits in the eastern Pacific, northeastern California, southern California, and South Texas. C1 [Mastin, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Van Eaton, Alexa R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Yellowstone Volcano Observ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lgmastin@usgs.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU NSF [EAR1250029] FX We thank reviewers Andrei Sarna-Wojcicki, Robert L. Christiansen, and Manuel Nathenson for comments that improved the paper. We would also like to express our gratitude to an anonymous reviewer who recommended incorporation of an expanding umbrella cloud into Ash3d, and pointed us to the approach of Costa et al. [2013]. Second author AVE acknowledges NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship EAR1250029 for funding at the time of her contribution to this work. The data and model results used in this paper have been posted as supporting information. The supporting information includes input files and ASCII or kmz output files that can be opened in ArcMap (R) or Google Earth (R) software (use of trade names does not imply endorsement of these products by the U.S. Government). NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 8 BP 3459 EP 3475 DI 10.1002/2014GC005469 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ3KY UT WOS:000342693400021 ER PT J AU McLaskey, GC Lockner, DA AF McLaskey, Gregory C. Lockner, David A. TI Preslip and cascade processes initiating laboratory stick slip SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOURCE SCALING RELATIONSHIPS; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; EARTHQUAKE NUCLEATION; CUT SURFACES; FRICTION; GRANITE; FAULTS; DEFORMATION; INSTABILITY; PARAMETERS AB Recent modeling studies have explored whether earthquakes begin with a large aseismic nucleation process or initiate dynamically from the rapid growth of a smaller instability in a "cascade-up" process. To explore such a case in the laboratory, we study the initiation of dynamic rupture (stick slip) of a smooth saw-cut fault in a 76 mm diameter cylindrical granite laboratory sample at 40-120 MPa confining pressure. We use a high dynamic range recording system to directly compare the seismic waves radiated during the stick-slip event to those radiated from tiny (M - 6) discrete seismic events, commonly known as acoustic emissions (AEs), that occur in the seconds prior to each large stick slip. The seismic moments, focal mechanisms, locations, and timing of the AEs all contribute to our understanding of their mechanics and provide us with information about the stick-slip nucleation process. In a sequence of 10 stick slips, the first few microseconds of the signals recorded from stick-slip instabilities are nearly indistinguishable from those of premonitory AEs. In this sense, it appears that each stick slip begins as an AE event that rapidly (similar to 20 mu s) grows about 2 orders of magnitude in linear dimension and ruptures the entire 150 mm length of the simulated fault. We also measure accelerating fault slip in the final seconds before stick slip. We estimate that this slip is at least 98% aseismic and that it both weakens the fault and produces AEs that will eventually cascade-up to initiate the larger dynamic rupture. C1 [McLaskey, Gregory C.; Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McLaskey, GC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gmclaskey@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 6323 EP 6336 DI 10.1002/2014JB011220 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ1AD UT WOS:000342512900013 ER PT J AU Dixit, MM Kumar, S Catchings, RD Suman, K Sarkar, D Sen, MK AF Dixit, Madan M. Kumar, Sanjay Catchings, R. D. Suman, K. Sarkar, Dipankar Sen, M. K. TI Seismicity, faulting, and structure of the Koyna-Warna seismic region, Western India from local earthquake tomography and hypocenter locations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SPECIAL EMPHASIS; POISSONS RATIO; HAYWARD FAULT; ARRIVAL TIMES; DECEMBER 10 AB Although seismicity near Koyna Reservoir (India) has persisted for similar to 50 years and includes the largest induced earthquake (M 6.3) reported worldwide, the seismotectonic framework of the area is not well understood. We recorded similar to 1800 earthquakes from 6 January 2010 to 28 May 2010 and located a subset of 343 of the highest-quality earthquakes using the tomoDD code of Zhang and Thurber (2003) to better understand the framework. We also inverted first arrivals for 3-D Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs and Poisson's ratio tomography models of the upper 12km of the crust. Epicenters for the recorded earthquakes are located south of the Koyna River, including a high-density cluster that coincides with a shallow depth (<1.5 km) zone of relatively high Vp and low Vs (also high Vp/Vs and Poisson's ratios) near Warna Reservoir. This anomalous zone, which extends near vertically to at least 8 km depth and laterally northward at least 15 km, is likely a water-saturated zone of faults under high pore pressures. Because many of the earthquakes occur on the periphery of the fault zone, rather than near its center, the observed seismicity-velocity correlations are consistent with the concept that many of the earthquakes nucleate in fractures adjacent to the main fault zone due to high pore pressure. We interpret our velocity images as showing a series of northwest trending faults locally near the central part of Warna Reservoir and a major northward trending fault zone north of Warna Reservoir. C1 [Dixit, Madan M.; Kumar, Sanjay; Sarkar, Dipankar; Sen, M. K.] Natl Geophys Res Inst, CSIR, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Catchings, R. D.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Suman, K.] Natl Ctr Antarctic & Ocean Res, Headland Sada, India. RP Dixit, MM (reprint author), Natl Geophys Res Inst, CSIR, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM m2dixit1@gmail.com NR 85 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 6372 EP 6398 DI 10.1002/2014JB010950 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ1AD UT WOS:000342512900016 ER PT J AU Chen, JY Zebker, HA Segall, P Miklius, A AF Chen, Jingyi Zebker, Howard A. Segall, Paul Miklius, Asta TI The 2010 slow slip event and secular motion at Kilauea, Hawaii, inferred from TerraSAR-X InSAR data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROGRAMS; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; VOLCANO; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKES; TREMOR; FLANK AB We present here a small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm to extract both transient and secular ground deformations on the order of millimeters in the presence of tropospheric noise on the order of centimeters, when the transient is of short duration and known time and the background deformation is smooth in time. We applied this algorithm to study the 2010 slow slip event as well as the secular motion of Kilauea's south flank using 49 TerraSAR-X images. We also estimate the tropospheric delay variation relative to a given reference pixel using an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) SBAS approach. We compare the InSAR SBAS solution for both ground deformation and tropospheric delays with existing GPS measurements and confirm that the ground deformation signal and tropospheric noise in InSAR data are successfully separated. We observe that the coastal region on the south side of the Hilina Pali moves at a higher background rate than the region north side of the Pali. We also conclude that the 2010 slow slip event (SSE) displacement is mainly horizontal and the maximum magnitude of the 2010 SSE vertical component is less than 5 mm. C1 [Chen, Jingyi; Zebker, Howard A.; Segall, Paul] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zebker, Howard A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miklius, Asta] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96809 USA. RP Chen, JY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jingyi@stanford.edu FU NASA Earth Science and Interior program FX This work is partially funded by the NASA Earth Science and Interior program. The authors would like to thank the TerraSAR-X team of German Aerospace Center (DLR) for providing TerraSAR-X SSC data. The authors would like to thank the Hawaii Supersite for providing InSAR data over Hawaii. The authors would like to thank M. P. Poland from the U.S. Geological Survey for his discussions and suggestions that significantly improved this paper. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 6667 EP 6683 DI 10.1002/2014JB011156 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ1AD UT WOS:000342512900030 ER PT J AU Chapin, TP Todd, AS Zeigler, MP AF Chapin, Thomas P. Todd, Andrew S. Zeigler, Matthew P. TI Robust, low-cost data loggers for stream temperature, flow intermittency, and relative conductivity monitoring SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ephemeral or intermittent streamflow sensor; electrical conductivity sensor; long-duration high-resolution water temperature monitoring ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE SENSORS AB Water temperature and streamflow intermittency are critical parameters influencing aquatic ecosystem health. Low-cost temperature loggers have made continuous water temperature monitoring relatively simple but determining streamflow timing and intermittency using temperature data alone requires significant and subjective data interpretation. Electrical resistance (ER) sensors have recently been developed to overcome the major limitations of temperature-based methods for the assessment of streamflow intermittency. This technical note introduces the STIC (Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity logger); a robust, low-cost, simple to build instrument that provides long-duration, high-resolution monitoring of both relative conductivity (RC) and temperature. Simultaneously collected temperature and RC data provide unambiguous water temperature and streamflow intermittency information that is crucial for monitoring aquatic ecosystem health and assessing regulatory compliance. With proper calibration, the STIC relative conductivity data can be used to monitor specific conductivity. Key points High-resolution, long-duration, intermittent stream flow, and temperature monitoring Provides relative conductivity information and can estimate specific conductivity Simple, low-cost, robust design, operates when frozen or buried in sediment C1 [Chapin, Thomas P.; Todd, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zeigler, Matthew P.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Chapin, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tchapin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Forest Service FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Forest Service and for funding this research. The authors would also like to thank Dan Isaak (USFS) and anonymous reviewers for helpful improvements to the manuscript. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 8 BP 6542 EP 6548 DI 10.1002/2013WR015158 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AQ2QJ UT WOS:000342632300017 ER PT J AU Ball, LB Caine, JS Ge, SM AF Ball, Lyndsay B. Caine, Jonathan Saul Ge, Shemin TI Controls on groundwater flow in a semiarid folded and faulted intermountain basin SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mountain hydrology; groundwater ID SOUTH-PARK; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; FLUID-FLOW; WATER; COLORADO; PERMEABILITY; USA; CIRCULATION; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB The major processes controlling groundwater flow in intermountain basins are poorly understood, particularly in basins underlain by folded and faulted bedrock and under regionally realistic hydrogeologic heterogeneity. To explore the role of hydrogeologic heterogeneity and poorly constrained mountain hydrologic conditions on regional groundwater flow in contracted intermountain basins, a series of 3-D numerical groundwater flow models were developed using the South Park basin, Colorado, USA as a proxy. The models were used to identify the relative importance of different recharge processes to major aquifers, to estimate typical groundwater circulation depths, and to explore hydrogeologic communication between mountain and valley hydrogeologic landscapes. Modeling results show that mountain landscapes develop topographically controlled and predominantly local-scale to intermediate-scale flow systems. Permeability heterogeneity of the fold and fault belt and decreased topographic roughness led to permeability controlled flow systems in the valley. The structural position of major aquifers in the valley fold and fault belt was found to control the relative importance of different recharge mechanisms. Alternative mountain recharge model scenarios showed that higher mountain recharge rates led to higher mountain water table elevations and increasingly prominent local flow systems, primarily resulting in increased seepage within the mountain landscape and nonlinear increases in mountain block recharge to the valley. Valley aquifers were found to be relatively insensitive to changing mountain water tables, particularly in structurally isolated aquifers inside the fold and fault belt. C1 [Ball, Lyndsay B.; Caine, Jonathan Saul] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ge, Shemin] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ball, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lbball@usgs.gov OI Caine, Jonathan/0000-0002-7269-6989 FU National Science Foundation [EAR610027] FX This work was funded under National Science Foundation grant EAR610027 to S. Ge and J. S. Caine. Discussion and review from A. Manning were very beneficial to this work, and thanks are extended to one anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 8 BP 6788 EP 6809 DI 10.1002/2013WR014451 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AQ2QJ UT WOS:000342632300032 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Susong, DD Shope, CL Heilweil, VM Stolp, BJ AF Miller, Matthew P. Susong, David D. Shope, Christopher L. Heilweil, Victor M. Stolp, Bernard J. TI Continuous estimation of baseflow in snowmelt-dominated streams and rivers in the Upper Colorado River Basin: A chemical hydrograph separation approach SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE baseflow ID FRASER EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; STORM RUNOFF; ALPINE BASIN; FLOW; CHEMISTRY; CATCHMENT; PATTERNS; EXPORT; INDEX AB Effective science-based management of water resources in large basins requires a qualitative understanding of hydrologic conditions and quantitative measures of the various components of the water budget, including difficult to measure components such as baseflow discharge to streams. Using widely available discharge and continuously collected specific conductance (SC) data, we adapted and applied a long established chemical hydrograph separation approach to quantify daily and representative annual baseflow discharge at 14 streams and rivers at large spatial (> 1000 km(2) watersheds) and temporal (up to 37 years) scales in the Upper Colorado River Basin. On average, annual baseflow was 21-58% of annual stream discharge, 13-45% of discharge during snowmelt, and 40-86% of discharge during low-flow conditions. Results suggest that reservoirs may act to store baseflow discharged to the stream during snowmelt and release that baseflow during low-flow conditions, and that irrigation return flows may contribute to increases in fall baseflow in heavily irrigated watersheds. The chemical hydrograph separation approach, and associated conceptual model defined here provide a basis for the identification of land use, management, and climate effects on baseflow. C1 [Miller, Matthew P.; Susong, David D.; Shope, Christopher L.; Heilweil, Victor M.; Stolp, Bernard J.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM mamiller@usgs.gov RI Shope, Christopher/A-2931-2013; OI Shope, Christopher/0000-0003-3277-0811; Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU U.S. Geological Survey WaterSMART; National Water Quality Assessment Integrated Watershed Studies Programs FX The authors are grateful to the many USGS employees who collected the samples that were used in this study. We would like to thank J. Blomquist, D. Burns, P. Capel, R. Hirsch, P. Lambert, B. Pellerin, J. Raffensperger, and J. Tesoriero for helpful feedback during the development of the study. K. Jones and S. Buto generously provided reservoir storage and irrigated acreage data. D. Wolock provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We are also grateful to the associated editor, two anonymous reviewers, and R. Hooper for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey WaterSMART and National Water Quality Assessment Integrated Watershed Studies Programs. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 8 BP 6986 EP 6999 DI 10.1002/2013WR014939 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AQ2QJ UT WOS:000342632300042 ER PT J AU Hausner, MB Wilson, KP Gaines, DB Suarez, F Scoppettone, GG Tyler, SW AF Hausner, Mark B. Wilson, Kevin P. Gaines, D. Bailey Suarez, Francisco Scoppettone, G. Gary Tyler, Scott W. TI Life in a fishbowl: Prospects for the endangered Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) in a changing climate SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE climate change; ecology; Devils Hole pupfish; limnology; CFD modeling ID NEVADA; TEMPERATURE; POPULATION; ENERGETICS; NEVADENSIS; TOLERANCE; IMPACTS; CALCITE; OXYGEN; RECORD AB The Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) is a federally listed endangered species living solely within the confines of Devils Hole, a geothermal pool ecosystem in the Mojave Desert of the American Southwest. This unique species has suffered a significant, yet unexplained, population decline in the past two decades, with a record low survey of 35 individuals in early 2013. The species survives on a highly variable seasonal input of nutrients and has evolved in a thermal regime lethal to other pupfish species. The short lifespan of the species (approximately 1 year) makes annual recruitment in Devils Hole critical to the persistence of the species, and elevated temperatures on the shallow shelf that comprises the optimal spawning habitat in the ecosystem can significantly reduce egg viability and increase larval mortality. Here we combine computational fluid dynamic modeling and ecological analysis to investigate the timing of thresholds in the seasonal cycles of food supply and temperature. Numerical results indicate a warming climate most impacts the heat loss from the water column, resulting in warming temperatures and reduced buoyancy-driven circulation. Observed climate change is shown to have already warmed the shallow shelf, and climate change by 2050 is shown to shorten the window of optimum conditions for recruitment by as much as 2 weeks. While there are many possible reasons for the precipitous decline of this species, the changing climate of the Mojave region is shown to produce thermal and nutrient conditions likely to reduce the success of annual recruitment of young C. diabolis in the future, leading to continued threats to the survival of this unique and enigmatic species. C1 [Hausner, Mark B.; Tyler, Scott W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hausner, Mark B.; Suarez, Francisco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Hidraul & Ambiental, Santiago, Chile. [Hausner, Mark B.] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Wilson, Kevin P.; Gaines, D. Bailey] Death Valley Natl Pk, Pahrump Field Off, Pahrump, NV USA. [Scoppettone, G. Gary] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno, NV USA. RP Tyler, SW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM styler@unr.edu RI Suarez, Francisco/B-2954-2008 OI Suarez, Francisco/0000-0002-4394-957X FU Nevada Department of Wildlife, US National Park Service grant [J8R07090002, NSF-EAR-0929638, NSF-EAR-1128999]; Sulo and Aileen Maki Endowment FX The authors thank Shmuel Assouline, Tal Svoray, and Gabriel Katul for their work in compiling and editing this volume, as well as Maria Dzul and two anonymous reviewers whose insights and criticisms greatly improved this manuscript. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Program's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. This work was made possible by the Death Valley Natural History Association, the Nevada Department of Wildlife, US National Park Service grant J8R07090002, NSF-EAR-0929638, NSF-EAR-1128999, the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile School of Engineering, and the generosity and support of the Sulo and Aileen Maki Endowment. To obtain data used to produce these results contact Mark Hausner by email at mark.hausner@dri.edu. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 8 BP 7020 EP 7034 DI 10.1002/2014WR015511 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AQ2QJ UT WOS:000342632300044 ER PT J AU Bozorgnia, Y Abrahamson, NA Al Atik, L Ancheta, TD Atkinson, GM Baker, JW Baltay, A Boore, DM Campbell, KW Chiou, BSJ Darragh, R Day, S Donahue, J Graves, RW Gregor, N Hanks, T Idriss, IM Kamai, R Kishida, T Kottke, A Mahin, SA Rezaeian, S Rowshandel, B Seyhan, E Shahi, S Shantz, T Silva, W Spudich, P Stewart, JP Watson-Lamprey, J Wooddell, K Youngs, R AF Bozorgnia, Yousef Abrahamson, Norman A. Al Atik, Linda Ancheta, Timothy D. Atkinson, Gail M. Baker, Jack W. Baltay, Annemarie Boore, David M. Campbell, Kenneth W. Chiou, Brian S. -J. Darragh, Robert Day, Steve Donahue, Jennifer Graves, Robert W. Gregor, Nick Hanks, Thomas Idriss, I. M. Kamai, Ronnie Kishida, Tadahiro Kottke, Albert Mahin, Stephen A. Rezaeian, Sanaz Rowshandel, Badie Seyhan, Emel Shahi, Shrey Shantz, Tom Silva, Walter Spudich, Paul Stewart, Jonathan P. Watson-Lamprey, Jennie Wooddell, Kathryn Youngs, Robert TI NGA-West2 Research Project SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; MOTION PREDICTION MODELS; ELASTIC RESPONSE SPECTRA; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; NONLINEAR SITE AMPLIFICATION; ACTIVE TECTONIC REGIONS; DAMPING SCALING FACTORS; GROUND-MOTION; DESIGN SPECTRA; CALIFORNIA AB The NGA-West2 project is a large multidisciplinary, multi-year research program on the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) models for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. The research project has been coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), with extensive technical interactions among many individuals and organizations. NGA-West2 addresses several key issues in ground-motion seismic hazard, including updating the NGA database for a magnitude range of 3.0-7.9; updating NGA ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for the "average" horizontal component; scaling response spectra for damping values other than 5%; quantifying the effects of directivity and directionality for horizontal ground motion; resolving discrepancies between the NGA and the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site amplification factors; analysis of epistemic uncertainty for NGA GMPEs; and developing GMPEs for vertical ground motion. This paper presents an overview of the NGA-West2 research program and its sub-projects. C1 [Bozorgnia, Yousef; Kamai, Ronnie; Kishida, Tadahiro; Mahin, Stephen A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Abrahamson, Norman A.; Wooddell, Kathryn] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94106 USA. [Al Atik, Linda] Linda Alatik Consulting, San Francisco, CA USA. [Ancheta, Timothy D.] Risk Management Solut, Newark, CA USA. [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Baker, Jack W.; Shahi, Shrey] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baltay, Annemarie; Boore, David M.; Hanks, Thomas; Spudich, Paul] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] Core Log EQECAT, Oakland, CA USA. [Chiou, Brian S. -J.; Shantz, Tom] Calif Dept Transportat, Sacramento, CA USA. [Darragh, Robert; Silva, Walter] Pacific Engn & Anal, El Cerrito, CA USA. [Day, Steve] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Donahue, Jennifer] Geosyntec Consultants, San Francisco, CA USA. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Gregor, Nick; Kottke, Albert] Bechtel Corp, San Francisco, CA USA. [Idriss, I. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rezaeian, Sanaz] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Rowshandel, Badie] Calif Earthquake Author, Sacramento, CA USA. [Seyhan, Emel; Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Watson-Lamprey, Jennie] Watson Lamprey Consulting, Berkeley, CA USA. [Youngs, Robert] AMEC E&I, Oakland, CA USA. RP Bozorgnia, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yousef@berkeley.edu RI Kamai, Ronnie/G-6584-2015; OI Baker, Jack/0000-0003-2744-9599 FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); California Earthquake Authority; California Department of Transportation; Pacific Gas & Electric Company; Southern California Edison; Los Alamos National Labs. FX The NGA-West2 research program was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and was funded by the California Earthquake Authority, the California Department of Transportation, and the Pacific Gas & Electric Company. Partial support was also provided by Southern California Edison and Los Alamos National Labs. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies. Members of the project oversight committee and external review committee: John Anderson, Roger Borcherdt, Silvia Mazzoni, Farzad Naeim, Mark Petersen, Chris Poland, and Chris Wills are gratefully acknowledged for their constructive feedback. Over several years, numerous students assisted in the signal processing of the recorded ground motion data; their efforts are greatly appreciated. We thank John Douglas and Steve Kramer for their efforts as Guest Editors of this special issue of Earthquake Spectra. We are grateful to Ruth Harris, Jack Boatwright, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 48 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 22 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 973 EP 987 DI 10.1193/072113EQS209M PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AP7NN UT WOS:000342264100001 ER PT J AU Ancheta, TD Darragh, RB Stewart, JP Seyhan, E Silva, WJ Chiou, BSJ Wooddell, KE Graves, RW Kottke, AR Boore, DM Kishida, T Donahue, JL AF Ancheta, Timothy D. Darragh, Robert B. Stewart, Jonathan P. Seyhan, Emel Silva, Walter J. Chiou, Brian S. -J. Wooddell, Katie E. Graves, Robert W. Kottke, Albert R. Boore, David M. Kishida, Tadahiro Donahue, Jennifer L. TI NGA-West2 Database SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID M-W 6.2; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; MOTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS; 2009 LAQUILA EARTHQUAKE; MID-NIIGATA PREFECTURE; GROUND-MOTION; RUPTURE PROCESS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; RESPONSE SPECTRA AB The NGA-West2 project database expands on its predecessor to include worldwide ground motion data recorded from shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regimes post-2000 and a set of small-to-moderate-magnitude earthquakes in California between 1998 and 2011. The database includes 21,336 (mostly) three-component records from 599 events. The parameter space covered by the database is M 3.0 to M 7.9, closest distance of 0.05 to 1,533 kin, and site time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of V-S30 = 94 m/s to 2,100 m/s (although data becomes sparse for distances >400 km and V-S30 > 1,200 m/s or <150 m/s). The database includes uniformly processed time series and response spectral ordinates for 111 periods ranging from 0.01 s to 20 s at 11 damping ratios. Ground motions and metadata for source, path, and site conditions were subject to quality checks by ground motion prediction equation developers and topical working groups. C1 [Ancheta, Timothy D.] Risk Management Solut, Newark, CA 94560 USA. [Darragh, Robert B.; Silva, Walter J.] Pacific Engn & Anal, El Cerrito, CA USA. [Stewart, Jonathan P.; Seyhan, Emel] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Chiou, Brian S. -J.] Calif Dept Transportat, Sacramento, CA USA. [Wooddell, Katie E.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94106 USA. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kottke, Albert R.] Bechtel Corp, San Francisco, CA USA. [Kishida, Tadahiro] Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Donahue, Jennifer L.] Geosyntec Consultants, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Ancheta, TD (reprint author), Risk Management Solut, Newark, CA 94560 USA. FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); California Earthquake Authority (CEA); California Department of Transportation; Pacific Gas & Electric Company FX This project was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA), California Department of Transportation, and the Pacific Gas & Electric Company. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the above-mentioned agencies. Many people and organizations contributed data to this effort. Space precludes a complete listing of them here, but we refer the interested reader to the Acknowledgements section of AEA13. NR 52 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 989 EP 1005 DI 10.1193/070913EQS197M PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AP7NN UT WOS:000342264100002 ER PT J AU Seyhan, E Stewart, JP Ancheta, TD Darragh, RB Graves, RW AF Seyhan, Emel Stewart, Jonathan P. Ancheta, Timothy D. Darragh, Robert B. Graves, Robert W. TI NGA-West2 Site Database SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID TOPOGRAPHIC SLOPE; WAVE VELOCITY; STRONG-MOTION; CALIFORNIA; AMPLIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY; VS30; MAP AB The NGA-West2 site database (SDB) contains information on site condition and instrument housing for 4,147 strong-motion stations with recordings in the project flatfile. The stations are from active tectonic regions,, mainly in California, Japan, Taiwan, China, and the Mediterranean area. The principal site parameter is the time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m (17830), which we characterize using measurements where available (2,013 stations) and proxy-based relationships otherwise. We also provide basin depths from published models for 2,761 sites mostly in California and Japan. We improved the documentation and consistency of site descriptors used as proxies for V-S30 estimation (surface geology, ground slope, and geotechnical or geomorphic categories) and analyzed proxy performance relative to V-S30 values from measurements. We present protocols for V-S30 estimation from proxies that emphasize methods minimizing bias and dispersion relative to data. For each site, we provide the preferred V-S30 and its dispersion. C1 [Seyhan, Emel; Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ancheta, Timothy D.] Risk Management Solut, Newark, CA USA. [Ancheta, Timothy D.] UCLA Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Darragh, Robert B.] Pacific Engn & Anal, El Cerrito, CA USA. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Seyhan, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); California Earthquake Authority (CEA); California Department of Transportation; Pacific Gas & Electric Company FX This project was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA), California Department of Transportation, and the Pacific Gas & Electric Company. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the above mentioned agencies. We thank Carlos Gutierrez, Tadahiro Kishida, Albert Kottke, Annie Kwok, Vince Quitoriano, Dave Wald, Chris Wills, and Alan Yong, who helped substantially at various stages in database development. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 1007 EP 1024 DI 10.1193/062913EQS180M PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AP7NN UT WOS:000342264100003 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Stewart, JP Seyhan, E Atkinson, GM AF Boore, David M. Stewart, Jonathan P. Seyhan, Emel Atkinson, Gail M. TI NGA-West2 Equations for Predicting PGA, PGV, and 5% Damped PSA for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; NONLINEAR SITE AMPLIFICATION; GROUND-MOTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; MODEL; CALIFORNIA; DATABASE; ACCELERATION; VARIABILITY; AFTERSHOCKS AB We provide ground motion prediction equations for computing medians and standard deviations of average horizontal component intensity measures (IMs) for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. The equations were derived from a global database with M 3.0-7.9 events. We derived equations for the primary M- and distance-dependence of the IMs after fixing the V-S30-based nonlinear site term from a parallel NGA-West2 study. We then evaluated additional effects using mixed effects residuals analysis, which revealed no trends with source depth over the M range of interest, indistinct Class 1 and 2 event IMs, and basin depth effects that increase and decrease long-period IMs for depths larger and smaller, respectively, than means from regional V-S30-depth relations. Our aleatory variability model captures decreasing between-event variability with M, as well as within-event variability that increases or decreases with M depending on period, increases with distance, and decreases for soft sites. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Seyhan, Emel] Risk Management Solut, Newark, CA USA. [Seyhan, Emel] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); California Earthquake Authority; California Department of Transportation; Pacific Gas & Electric Company; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This study was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority, the California Department of Transportation, and the Pacific Gas & Electric Company. Participation of the fourth author was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This study has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication consistent with U.S. Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices policies, but does not necessarily reflect the opinions, findings, or conclusions of the other sponsoring agencies. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The work described in this report benefitted from the constructive discussions among the NGA developers N.A. Abrahamson, Y. Bozorgnia, K.W. Campbell, B. S.-J. Chiou, I.M. Idriss, W.J. Silva, and R.E. Youngs. Input from supporting researchers was also invaluable, including T.D. Ancheta, J.W. Baker, A.M. Baltay, J. Donahue, C. Goulet, T. Hanks, R. Kamai, A. Kottke, T. Kishida, K. Wooddell, P. Spudich, and J. Watson-Lamprey. It was a pleasure to collaborate with this distinguished group of researchers. We thank S. Akkar, G. Amen, F. Cotton, C. Mueller, and the two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. NR 43 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 16 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 1057 EP 1085 DI 10.1193/070113EQS184M PG 29 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AP7NN UT WOS:000342264100005 ER PT J AU Gregor, N Abrahamson, NA Atkinson, GM Boore, DM Bozorgnia, Y Campbell, KW Chiou, BSJ Idriss, IM Kamai, R Seyhan, E Silva, W Stewart, JP Youngs, R AF Gregor, Nick Abrahamson, Norman A. Atkinson, Gail M. Boore, David M. Bozorgnia, Yousef Campbell, Kenneth W. Chiou, Brian S. -J. Idriss, I. M. Kamai, Ronnie Seyhan, Emel Silva, Walter Stewart, Jonathan P. Youngs, Robert TI Comparison of NGA-West2 GMPEs SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; NONLINEAR SITE AMPLIFICATION; GROUND-MOTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; MODEL; DATABASE; EQUATIONS; PGV AB A presentation of the model parameters and comparison of the median ground-motion values from the NGA-West2 GMPEs is presented for a suite of deterministic cases. In general, the median ground motions are similar, within a factor of about 1.5-2.0 for 5 < M < 7 and distances between 10-100 km Differences increase (on the order of 2-3) for large-magnitude (M > 8) earthquakes at large distances (R > 100-200 km) and for close distances (R < 10 km). A similar increase is observed for hanging-wall sites, and slightly larger differences are observed for soil sites as opposed to rock sites. Regionalization of four of the GMPEs yields similar attenuation rate adjustments based on the different regional data sets. All five GMPE aleatory variability models are a function of magnitude with higher overall standard deviations values for the smaller magnitudes when compared to the large-magnitude events. C1 [Gregor, Nick] Bechtel Corp, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Abrahamson, Norman A.] PG&E, San Francisco, CA USA. [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bozorgnia, Yousef] Univ Calif Berkeley, PEER, Berkeley, CA USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] Core Log EQECAT, Oakland, CA USA. [Chiou, Brian S. -J.] Calif Dept Transportat, Sacramento, CA USA. [Idriss, I. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kamai, Ronnie] Univ Calif Berkeley, PEER, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seyhan, Emel; Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Silva, Walter] Pacific Engn & Anal, El Cerrito, CA USA. [Youngs, Robert] AMEC E&I, Oakland, CA USA. RP Gregor, N (reprint author), Bechtel Corp, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RI Kamai, Ronnie/G-6584-2015 FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); California Earthquake Authority; California Department of Transportation; Pacific Gas & Electric Company FX This study was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority, the California Department of Transportation, and the Pacific Gas & Electric Company. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the above mentioned agencies. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 1179 EP 1197 DI 10.1193/070113EQS186M PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AP7NN UT WOS:000342264100009 ER PT J AU Spudich, P Rowshandel, B Shahi, SK Baker, JW Chiou, BSJ AF Spudich, Paul Rowshandel, Badie Shahi, Shrey K. Baker, Jack W. Chiou, Brian S. -J. TI Comparison of NGA-West2 Directivity Models SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; RESPONSE SPECTRA; SEISMIC HAZARD; FAULT; PGV AB Five directivity models have been developed based on data from the NGA-West2 database and based on numerical simulations of large strike-slip and reverse-slip earthquakes. All models avoid the use of normalized rupture dimension, enabling them to scale up to the largest earthquakes in a physically reasonable way. Four of the five models are explicitly "narrow-band" (in which the effect of directivity is maximum at a specific period that is a function of earthquake magnitude). Several strategies for determining the zero-level for directivity have been developed. We show comparisons of maps of the directivity amplification. This comparison suggests that the predicted geographic distributions of directivity amplification are dominated by effects of the models' assumptions, and more than one model should be used for ruptures dipping less than about 65 degrees. C1 [Spudich, Paul] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. [Rowshandel, Badie] Calif Earthquake Author, Sacramento, CA USA. [Rowshandel, Badie] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Shahi, Shrey K.; Baker, Jack W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chiou, Brian S. -J.] Calif Dept Transportat, Div Res & Innovat, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Spudich, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. OI Baker, Jack/0000-0003-2744-9599 FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); California Earthquake Authority; California Department of Transportation; Pacific Gas and Electric Company FX This study was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority, California Department of Transportation, and the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the above mentioned agencies or the California Geological Survey. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 1199 EP 1221 DI 10.1193/080313EQS222M PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AP7NN UT WOS:000342264100010 ER PT J AU Rezaeian, S Petersen, MD Moschetti, MP Powers, P Harmsen, SC Frankel, AD AF Rezaeian, Sanaz Petersen, Mark D. Moschetti, Morgan P. Powers, Peter Harmsen, Stephen C. Frankel, Arthur D. TI Implementation of NGA-West2 Ground Motion Models in the 2014 US National Seismic Hazard Maps SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; RESPONSE SPECTRA; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; NGA MODEL; PGV; PERIODS; REGIONS; PSA AB The U.S. National Seismic Hazard Maps (NSHMs) have been an important component of seismic design regulations in the United States for the past several decades. These maps present earthquake ground shaking intensities at specified probabilities of being exceeded over a 50-year time period. The previous version of the NSHMs was developed in 2008; during 2012 and 2013, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey have been updating the maps based on their assessment of the "best available science," resulting in the 2014 NSHMs. The update includes modifications to the seismic source models and the ground motion models (GMMs) for sites across the conterminous United States. This paper focuses on updates in the Western United States (WUS) due to the use of new GMMs for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions developed by the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA-West2) project. Individual GMMs, their weighted combination, and their impact on the hazard maps relative to 2008 are discussed. In general, the combined effects of lower medians and increased standard deviations in the new GMMs have caused only small changes, within 5-20%, in the probabilistic ground motions for most sites across the WUS compared to the 2008 NSHMs. C1 [Rezaeian, Sanaz; Petersen, Mark D.; Moschetti, Morgan P.; Powers, Peter; Harmsen, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Frankel, Arthur D.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. RP Rezaeian, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80403 USA. FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) FX This study was sponsored by National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) funding. We thank the NGA-West2 modelers and project participants for developing models useful for the 2014 update of the National Seismic Hazard Maps. We also thank Dr. Charles Mueller, Dr. Nicolas Luco, Dr. Brendon Bradley, Dr. Marco Pagani, and the anonymous reviewer of the Earthquake Spectra journal, for providing valuable feedback. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 1319 EP 1333 DI 10.1193/062913EQS177M PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AP7NN UT WOS:000342264100017 ER PT J AU Rezaeian, S Bozorgnia, Y Idriss, IM Abrahamson, NA Campbell, KW Silva, WJ AF Rezaeian, Sanaz Bozorgnia, Yousef Idriss, I. M. Abrahamson, Norman A. Campbell, Kenneth W. Silva, Walter J. TI Damping Scaling Factors for Vertical Elastic Response Spectra for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes in Active Tectonic Regions SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; DESIGN SPECTRA; SMART-1 ARRAY; PREDICTION; COMPONENTS; EQUATIONS; DURATION; BEHAVIOR; TAIWAN; RATIO AB This paper develops a new model for a damping scaling factor (DSF) that can be used to adjust elastic response spectral ordinates for the vertical component of earthquake ground motion at a 5% viscous damping ratio to ordinates at damping ratios between 0.5% and 30%. Using the extensive NGA-West2 database of recorded ground motions from worldwide shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions, a functional form for the median DSF is proposed that depends on the damping ratio, spectral period, earthquake magnitude, and distance. Standard deviation is a function of the damping ratio and spectral period. The proposed model is compared to the DSF for the "average" horizontal component. In general, the peak in DSF is shifted toward shorter periods and is farther from unity for the vertical component. Also, the standard deviation of DSF for vertical motion is slightly higher than that observed for the "average" horizontal component. C1 [Rezaeian, Sanaz] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Bozorgnia, Yousef] Univ Calif Berkeley, Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Idriss, I. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Abrahamson, Norman A.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] EQECAT Inc, Oakland, CA USA. [Silva, Walter J.] Pacific Engn & Anal, El Cerrito, CA USA. RP Rezaeian, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM sanazr128@yahoo.com FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); California Earthquake Authority; California Department of Transportation; Pacific Gas & Electric Company FX This study was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority, California Department of Transportation, and the Pacific Gas & Electric Company. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the above mentioned agencies. S. Rezaeian acknowledges the Natural Hazards Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey for support of her activities related to this study. We would like to thank all the NGA model developers and supporting researchers for their assistance and valuable feedback throughout this project. Special thanks are due Dr. Julian J. Bommer and other reviewers of this manuscript. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 1335 EP 1358 DI 10.1193/100512EQS299M PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AP7NN UT WOS:000342264100018 ER PT J AU Clifford, SM Farmer, J Carr, MH Marais, DD Bibring, JP Craddock, R Newsom, H AF Clifford, Stephen M. Farmer, Jack Carr, Michael H. Marais, Dave Des Bibring, Jean-Pierre Craddock, Robert Newsom, Horton TI Introduction to the Early Mars III Special Section and Key Questions from the Third International Conference on Early Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID STRATIGRAPHY; EVENTS C1 [Clifford, Stephen M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Farmer, Jack] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Carr, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Marais, Dave Des] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bibring, Jean-Pierre] IAS, Orsay, France. [Craddock, Robert] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Newsom, Horton] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Clifford, SM (reprint author), Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM clifford@lpi.usra.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1892 EP 1894 DI 10.1002/2014JE004643 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ0ZA UT WOS:000342510000008 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Farmer, J Marzen, RE Thomas, E Varekamp, JC AF Cronin, T. M. Farmer, J. Marzen, R. E. Thomas, E. Varekamp, J. C. TI Late Holocene sea level variability and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; LAST MILLENNIUM; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA AB Pre-twentieth century sea level (SL) variability remains poorly understood due to limits of tide gauge records, low temporal resolution of tidal marsh records, and regional anomalies caused by dynamic ocean processes, notably multidecadal changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We examined SL and AMOC variability along the eastern United States over the last 2000 years, using a SL curve constructed from proxy sea surface temperature (SST) records from Chesapeake Bay, and twentieth century SL-sea surface temperature (SST) relations derived from tide gauges and instrumental SST. The SL curve shows multidecadal-scale variability (20-30 years) during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA), as well as the twentieth century. During these SL oscillations, short-term rates ranged from 2 to 4 mm yr(-1), roughly similar to those of the last few decades. These oscillations likely represent internal modes of climate variability related to AMOC variability and originating at high latitudes, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Results imply that dynamic ocean changes, in addition to thermosteric, glacio-eustatic, or glacio-isostatic processes are an inherent part of SL variability in coastal regions, even during millennial-scale climate oscillations such as the MCA and LIA and should be factored into efforts that use tide gauges and tidal marsh sediments to understand global sea level rise. C1 [Cronin, T. M.; Marzen, R. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Thomas, E.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Thomas, E.; Varekamp, J. C.] Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov OI Thomas, Ellen/0000-0002-7141-9904 FU USGS Global Change Program; USGS Everglades Restoration Program; Connecticut SeaGrant FX Many thanks to T. Tornqvist, J. Gonzalez, B. Horton, and R. Gehrels for input on marsh records, C. Hughes and S. Lozier for input on AMOC, J. Yin for sea level anomaly map shown in Figure 2, T. Ezer and H.-P. Plag for comments on sea level, A. Bjork for input on the Greenland Ice Sheet, H. Dowsett on spectral analyses, C. Bernhardt, C. Saenger, and L. Wingard for reviews. The inputs of several anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. Funded by USGS Global Change and Everglades Restoration Programs. J.C.V. and E.T. thank Connecticut SeaGrant for funding and Wesleyan students for their assistance in research. Data will be available at NOAA National Climatic Data Center. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 8 BP 765 EP 777 DI 10.1002/2014PA002632 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA AQ0YA UT WOS:000342507400001 ER PT J AU Kane, VR North, MP Lutz, JA Churchill, DJ Roberts, SL Smith, DF McGaughey, RJ Kane, JT Brooks, ML AF Kane, Van R. North, Malcolm P. Lutz, James A. Churchill, Derek J. Roberts, Susan L. Smith, Douglas F. McGaughey, Robert J. Kane, Jonathan T. Brooks, Matthew L. TI Assessing fire effects on forest spatial structure using a fusion of Landsat and airborne LiDAR data in Yosemite National Park SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire severity; Forest structure; Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR); LiDAR; Gaps; Tree clumps; Sierra Nevada; Abies concolor; Abies magnifica; Pinus lambertiana; Pinus ponderosa ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; FUEL REDUCTION; SILVICULTURAL PRESCRIPTIONS; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; REGENERATION PATTERNS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN CASCADES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB Mosaics of tree clumps and openings are characteristic of forests dominated by frequent low- and moderate-severity fires. When restoring these fire-suppressed forests, managers often try to reproduce these structures to increase ecosystem resilience. We examined unburned and burned forest structures for 1937 0.81 ha sample areas in Yosemite National Park, USA. We estimated severity for fires from 1984 to 2010 using the Landsat-derived Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) and measured openings and canopy clumps in five height strata using airborne LiDAR data. Because our study area lacked concurrent field data, we identified methods to allow structural analysis using LiDAR data alone. We found three spatial structures, canopy-gap, clump-open, and open, that differed in spatial arrangement and proportion of canopy and openings. As fire severity increased, the total area in canopy decreased while the number of clumps increased, creating a patchwork of openings and multistory tree clumps. The presence of openings >0.3 ha, an approximate minimum gap size needed to favor shade-intolerant pine regeneration, increased rapidly with loss of canopy area. The range and variation of structures for a given fire severity were specific to each forest type. Low- to moderate-severity fires best replicated the historic clump-opening patterns that were common in forests with frequent fire regimes. Our results suggest that managers consider the following goals for their forest restoration: 1) reduce total canopy cover by breaking up large contiguous areas into variable-sized tree clumps and scattered large individual trees; 2) create a range of opening sizes and shapes, including similar to 50% of the open area in gaps >0.3 ha; 3) create multistory clumps in addition to single story clumps; 4) retain historic densities of large trees; and 5) vary treatments to include canopy-gap, clump-open, and open mosaics across project areas to mimic the range of patterns found for each forest type in our study. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kane, Van R.; Churchill, Derek J.; Kane, Jonathan T.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [North, Malcolm P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Lutz, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roberts, Susan L.; Smith, Douglas F.] Yosemite Natl Pk, Yosemite, CA 95389 USA. [McGaughey, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Pacific NW Res Stn, US Forest Serv, USDA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Kane, VR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM vkane@uw.edu FU National Park Service, Fire and Aviation Management Branch, Fuels and Ecology Program [F8803100015]; U.S. Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program FX M. Meyer (USDA Forest Service) and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that improved the paper. We thank Yosemite National Park for data and assistance with field logistics. Funding was provided by the National Park Service, Fire and Aviation Management Branch, Fuels and Ecology Program (Interagency Agreement F8803100015), and the U.S. Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 86 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 151 SI SI BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.041 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AP7NM UT WOS:000342264000008 ER PT J AU Arismendi, I Safeeq, M Dunham, JB Johnson, SL AF Arismendi, Ivan Safeeq, Mohammad Dunham, Jason B. Johnson, Sherri L. TI Can air temperature be used to project influences of climate change on stream temperature? SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE air temperature; stream temperature; climate projection; climate change; temperature biases; Mohseni model; salmon ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; WATER TEMPERATURE; RIVER TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TRENDS; MODEL; HABITAT; DISTRIBUTIONS; MICROCLIMATE; DYNAMICS AB Worldwide, lack of data on stream temperature has motivated the use of regression-based statistical models to predict stream temperatures based on more widely available data on air temperatures. Such models have been widely applied to project responses of stream temperatures under climate change, but the performance of these models has not been fully evaluated. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the performance of two widely used linear and nonlinear regression models that predict stream temperatures based on air temperatures. We evaluated model performance and temporal stability of model parameters in a suite of regulated and unregulated streams with 11-44 years of stream temperature data. Although such models may have validity when predicting stream temperatures within the span of time that corresponds to the data used to develop them, model predictions did not transfer well to other time periods. Validation of model predictions of most recent stream temperatures, based on air temperature-stream temperature relationships from previous time periods often showed poor performance when compared with observed stream temperatures. Overall, model predictions were less robust in regulated streams and they frequently failed in detecting the coldest and warmest temperatures within all sites. In many cases, the magnitude of errors in these predictions falls within a range that equals or exceeds the magnitude of future projections of climate-related changes in stream temperatures reported for the region we studied (between 0.5 and 3.0 degrees C by 2080). The limited ability of regression-based statistical models to accurately project stream temperatures over time likely stems from the fact that underlying processes at play, namely the heat budgets of air and water, are distinctive in each medium and vary among localities and through time. C1 [Arismendi, Ivan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Safeeq, Mohammad] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Arismendi, I (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Ivan.Arismendi@oregonstate.edu RI Arismendi, Ivan/B-3144-2010 OI Arismendi, Ivan/0000-0002-8774-9350 FU National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program [DEB 08-23380]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University [10-JV-11261991055]; US Geological Survey FX Brooke Penaluna and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. Part of the data was provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 08-23380), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. Financial support for IA was partially provided by US Geological Survey, the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and Oregon State University through joint venture agreement 10-JV-11261991055. Use of firm or trade names is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR 084015 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084015 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3HO UT WOS:000341966400015 ER PT J AU Johnston, CE Ewing, SA Harden, JW Varner, RK Wickland, KP Koch, JC Fuller, CC Manies, K Jorgenson, MT AF Johnston, Carmel E. Ewing, Stephanie A. Harden, Jennifer W. Varner, Ruth K. Wickland, Kimberly P. Koch, Joshua C. Fuller, Christopher C. Manies, Kristen Jorgenson, M. Torre TI Effect of permafrost thaw on CO2 and CH4 exchange in a western Alaska peatland chronosequence SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methane; wetlands; permafrost; carbon dioxide; climate change ID SUB-ARCTIC PEATLAND; METHANE EMISSIONS; NORTHERN PEATLAND; ATMOSPHERIC CH4; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAS BUDGET; DYNAMICS; LAKES; BALANCE AB Permafrost soils store over half of global soil carbon (C), and northern frozen peatlands store about 10% of global permafrost C. With thaw, inundation of high latitude lowland peatlands typically increases the surface-atmosphere flux of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas. To examine the effects of lowland permafrost thaw over millennial timescales, we measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4 exchange along sites that constitute a similar to 1000 yr thaw chronosequence of thermokarst collapse bogs and adjacent fen locations at Innoko Flats Wildlife Refuge in western Alaska. Peak CH4 exchange in July (123 +/- 71 mg CH4-Cm-2 d(-1)) was observed in features that have been thawed for 30 to 70 (<100) yr, where soils were warmer than at more recently thawed sites (14 to 21 yr; emitting 1.37 +/- 0.67 mg CH4-Cm-2 d(-1) in July) and had shallower water tables than at older sites (200 to 1400 yr; emitting 6.55 +/- 2.23 mg CH4-Cm- 2 d-1 in July). Carbon lost via CH4 efflux during the growing season at these intermediate age sites was 8% of uptake by net ecosystem exchange. Our results provide evidence that CH4 emissions following lowland permafrost thaw are enhanced over decadal time scales, but limited over millennia. Over larger spatial scales, adjacent fen systems may contribute sustained CH4 emission, CO2 uptake, and DOC export. We argue that over timescales of decades to centuries, thaw features in high-latitude lowland peatlands, particularly those developed on poorly drained mineral substrates, are a key locus of elevated CH4 emission to the atmosphere that must be considered for a complete understanding of high latitude CH4 dynamics. C1 [Johnston, Carmel E.; Ewing, Stephanie A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.; Fuller, Christopher C.; Manies, Kristen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Varner, Ruth K.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Varner, Ruth K.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Koch, Joshua C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Johnston, CE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM stephanie.ewing@montana.edu RI Varner, Ruth/E-5371-2011 OI Varner, Ruth/0000-0002-3571-6629 FU National Science Foundation (EAR) [0630319, 1021095]; United States Geological Survey; Montana State University College of Agriculture; MSU VP of Research; North and West Alaska Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This research was made possible by funding from the National Science Foundation (EAR #0630319 and DBI #1021095), the United States Geological Survey, the Montana State University College of Agriculture, and the MSU VP of Research, with assistance from the North and West Alaska Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit, and crucial logistical support by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Thank you to Jon O'Donnell and Mikhail Kanevskiy for soil sampling and initial instrumentation, as well as ongoing discussion of permafrost landscape evolution, to Jennifer Weeding and Michael Lerch for assistance with statistical analysis, and to Miriam Jones for soil analyses and insight. Thanks also to Rob Striegl for discussion of field strategy, Paul Stoy for assistance with flux measurements and for undertaking radiation measurements, Miriam Jones for assistance with age estimates, Aiden Johnson for assistance with albedo analysis, and to Christine Miller, Chris Dorich, Claire Treat, and Chris Welch for lively participation in fieldwork. Additional thanks to Karin Bodony of USFWS and Jim Webster of Webster Flying Service for superb logistical support, and to Paul Stoy, John Crawford and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on previous versions of the manuscript, which substantially improved this paper. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 90 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR 085004 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/085004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3HO UT WOS:000341966400024 ER PT J AU Shang, LB Chou, IM Burruss, RC Hu, RZ Bi, XW AF Shang, Linbo Chou, I-Ming Burruss, R. C. Hu, Ruizhong Bi, Xianwu TI Raman spectroscopic characterization of CH4 density over a wide range of temperature and pressure SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE CH4 density; Raman spectroscopy; fused silica capillary capsule; high-pressure optical cell ID FLUID INCLUSIONS; QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION; GAS-MIXTURES; OPTICAL-CELL; METHANE; BAR AB The positions of the CH4 Raman nu(1) symmetric stretching bands were measured in a wide range of temperature (from -180 degrees C to 350 degrees C) and density (up to 0.45 g/cm(3)) using high-pressure optical cell and fused silica capillary capsule. The results show that the Raman band shift is a function of both methane density and temperature; the band shifts to lower wavenumbers as the density increases and the temperature decreases. An equation representing the observed relationship among the CH4 nu(1) band position, temperature, and density can be used to calculate the density in natural or synthetic CH4-bearing inclusions. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Shang, Linbo; Hu, Ruizhong; Bi, Xianwu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Ore Deposit Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chou, I-Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya Inst Deep Sea Sci & Engn, Lab Expt Study Deep Sea Extreme Condit, Sanya 572000, Peoples R China. [Burruss, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Shang, LB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Ore Deposit Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. EM shanglinbo@vip.gyig.ac.cn RI hu, ruizhong/C-9420-2013 FU Energy and Mineral Programs of US Geological Survey; State Key Laboratory of Ore deposit Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences [SKLODG-ZY125-09]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41130432, 40873051]; Knowledge Innovation Program [SIDSSE-201302]; Hadal-trench Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB06060100] FX We thank Professors Qiang Sun, Wanjun Lu, and Xi Liu for their advice on the processing and interpretation of Raman data. We also thank Dr. Guangfei Wei and Dr. Shuilong Wang for their help on the use the MATLAB software. We would like to acknowledge the support of Energy and Mineral Programs of US Geological Survey. Funding for this work was partly provided by grants from the 12th Five-Year Plan project of State Key Laboratory of Ore deposit Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SKLODG-ZY125-09), the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (41130432), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40873051), the Knowledge Innovation Program (SIDSSE-201302) and the Hadal-trench Research Program (XDB06060100) of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 45 IS 8 BP 696 EP 702 DI 10.1002/jrs.4529 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA AP6RM UT WOS:000342205200012 ER PT J AU Byl, TD Metge, DW Agymang, DT Bradley, M Hileman, G Harvey, RW AF Byl, Tom D. Metge, David W. Agymang, Daniel T. Bradley, Mike Hileman, Gregg Harvey, Ron W. TI ADAPTATIONS OF INDIGENOUS BACTERIA TO FUEL CONTAMINATION IN KARST AQUIFERS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL KENTUCKY SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; IN-SITU; GEOMICROBIOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT; DIVERSITY; MOTILITY; CAVES AB The karst aquifer systems in southern Kentucky can be dynamic and quick to change. Microorganisms that live in these unpredictable aquifers are constantly faced with environmental changes. Their survival depends upon adaptations to changes in water chemistry, taking advantage of positive stimuli and avoiding negative environmental conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study in 2001 to determine the capability of bacteria to adapt in two distinct regions of water quality in a karst aquifer, an area of clean, oxygenated groundwater and an area where the groundwater was oxygen depleted and contaminated by jet fuel. Water samples containing bacteria were collected from one clean well and two jet fuel contaminated wells in a conduit-dominated karst aquifer. Bacterial concentrations, enumerated through direct count, ranged from 500,000 to 2.7 million bacteria per mL in the clean portion of the aquifer, and 200,000 to 3.2 million bacteria per mL in the contaminated portion of the aquifer over a twelve month period. Bacteria from the clean well ranged in size from 0.2 to 2.5 mu m, whereas bacteria from one fuel-contaminated well were generally larger, ranging in size from 0.2 to 3.9 mu m. Also, bacteria collected from the clean well had a higher density and, consequently, were more inclined to sink than bacteria collected from contaminated wells. Bacteria collected from the clean portion of the karst aquifer were predominantly (similar to 95%) Gram-negative and more likely to have flagella present than bacteria collected from the contaminated wells, which included a substantial fraction (similar to 30%) of Gram-positive varieties. The ability of the bacteria from the clean portion of the karst aquifer to biodegrade benzene and toluene was studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in laboratory microcosms. The rate of fuel biodegradation in laboratory studies was approximately 50 times faster under aerobic conditions as compared to anaerobic, sulfur-reducing conditions. The optimum pH for fuel biodegradation ranged from 6 to 7. These findings suggest that bacteria have adapted to water-saturated karst systems with a variety of active and passive transport mechanisms. C1 [Byl, Tom D.; Bradley, Mike; Hileman, Gregg] US Geol Survey, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Byl, Tom D.; Agymang, Daniel T.] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Metge, David W.; Harvey, Ron W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Byl, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM tdbyl@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 76 IS 2 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.4311/2012MB0270 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO7NG UT WOS:000341539300003 ER PT J AU Benavides, JA Cross, PC Luikart, G Creel, S AF Benavides, Julio A. Cross, Paul C. Luikart, Gordon Creel, Scott TI Limitations to estimating bacterial cross-species transmission using genetic and genomic markers: inferences from simulation modeling SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bacterial pathogens; cross-species transmission; infectious disease; molecular epidemiology; most parsimonious phylogenetic reconstruction; simulation modeling ID TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; UNITED-STATES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; YERSINIA-PESTIS AB Cross-species transmission (CST) of bacterial pathogens has major implications for human health, livestock, and wildlife management because it determines whether control actions in one species may have subsequent effects on other potential host species. The study of bacterial transmission has benefitted from methods measuring two types of genetic variation: variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, it is unclear whether these data can distinguish between different epidemiological scenarios. We used a simulation model with two host species and known transmission rates (within and between species) to evaluate the utility of these markers for inferring CST. We found that CST estimates are biased for a wide range of parameters when based on VNTRs and a most parsimonious reconstructed phylogeny. However, estimations of CST rates lower than 5% can be achieved with relatively low bias using as low as 250 SNPs. CST estimates are sensitive to several parameters, including the number of mutations accumulated since introduction, stochasticity, the genetic difference of strains introduced, and the sampling effort. Our results suggest that, even with whole-genome sequences, unbiased estimates of CST will be difficult when sampling is limited, mutation rates are low, or for pathogens that were recently introduced. C1 [Benavides, Julio A.; Creel, Scott] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Benavides, JA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM benavidesjulio@yahoo.fr RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129]; United States Geological Survey; WGFD FX We thank Steven Kalinowsky, Pauline Kamath, Gina K. Himes Boor and Aaron Foley for comments on previous versions of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease (grant number DEB-1067129), the United States Geological Survey and WGFD. The views and opinions in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any views, determinations, or policies of the US Government. Also, any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 7 SI SI BP 774 EP 787 DI 10.1111/eva.12173 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA AO8WV UT WOS:000341637100006 PM 25469159 ER PT J AU Rayl, ND Fuller, TK Organ, JF McDonald, JE Otto, RD Mahoney, SP AF Rayl, Nathaniel D. Fuller, Todd K. Organ, John F. McDonald, John E., Jr. Otto, Robert D. Mahoney, Shane P. TI Den abandonment and transitional day bed use by black bears Ursus americanus in Newfoundland SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCANDINAVIAN BROWN BEARS; DENNING BEHAVIOR; CUB SURVIVAL; WINTER SLEEP; HIBERNATION; ECOLOGY; ARCTOS; HABITAT; PACKAGE; CLIMATE AB The use of day beds for extended periods during the transition into and out of the physiological state of hibernation has been documented in many bear populations, but has never been quantified. Additionally, den abandonment by black bears Ursus americanus has rarely been observed at northern latitudes except after den visits by researchers. In three areas on the northern island of Newfoundland, where male and female black bears spent an average of 158 and 178 d denning, respectively, we identified den sites and extended-use day beds (occupied continuously for 6-26 d) remotely using GPS collars, and here provide the first systematic description of the use of these day beds by bears. We documented den abandonment in 6 (9%; 3 F, 3 M) of 67 bear-winters (6 [14%] of 44 radio-collared bears) and the use of extended-use transitional day beds in 16 (24%) of 67 bear-winters (15 [34%] of 44 radio-collared bears, 8 F, 7 M). In 5 of 10 instances bears left their fall day beds on days with > 15 mm of rain (mean = 28.2 mm, range = 15.6-63.6 mm), which was more than would be expected by chance (p < 0.01). We had more than one year of denning data for 17 bears, 6 (35%) of which reused den sites in different years. Further, we observed some bears using day bed and den sites interchangeably. Though we hypothesized that environmental (flooding) or anthropogenic disturbance (researcher-, forestry-related, or recreational) may have played a role in den abandonment, we found no such relationships, nor was there a difference in the rate of abandonment or day bed use between male and female bears. We could not assess the effects of microhabitat attributes, condition, or reproductive status, but acknowledge that these factors may have played a role in den changes. C1 [Rayl, Nathaniel D.; Fuller, Todd K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Organ, John F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [McDonald, John E., Jr.] Westfield State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Westfield, MA 01086 USA. [Otto, Robert D.] Govt Newfoundland & Labrador, Inst Biodivers Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Dept Environm & Conservat, Corner Brook, NF A2H 7S1, Canada. [Mahoney, Shane P.] Govt Newfoundland & Labrador, Dept Environm & Conservat, St John, NF A1B 4J6, Canada. RP Rayl, ND (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM nathanielrayl@gmail.com FU Inst. for Biodiversity, Ecosystem Science and Sustainability; Sustainable Development and Strategic Science Division of the Newfoundland and Labrador Dept of Environment and Conservation; Safari Club International Foundation FX This study was funded, and NR was supported, by the Inst. for Biodiversity, Ecosystem Science and Sustainability and the Sustainable Development and Strategic Science Division of the Newfoundland and Labrador Dept of Environment and Conservation. Additional funding was also provided by the Safari Club International Foundation. We thank S. Ellsworth, S. Gullage, T. Hodder, J. McGinn, F. Norman and T. Murphy for logistical support. We thank T. Allen, T. Ball, J. Gullage, T. Hann, D. Jennings, R. Jennings, M. Mumma, D. O'Leary, M. Payne, T. Porter and P. Tremblett for helping with bear captures. We thank helicopter pilots G. Aldie, J. Maloney, G. Pearcey and B. Slade for keeping us safe during many hours of flying. We thank C. Soulliere for logistical support and for very thoughtful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 20 IS 4 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.2981/wlb.00020 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AO9UG UT WOS:000341702800004 ER PT J AU Christie, KS Lindberg, MS Ruess, RW Schmutz, JA AF Christie, K. S. Lindberg, M. S. Ruess, R. W. Schmutz, J. A. TI Spatio-temporal patterns of ptarmigan occupancy relative to shrub cover in the Arctic SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Herbivory; Migration; Occupancy; Ptarmigan; Lagopus lagopus; Lagopus muta; Shrubs ID WILLOW PTARMIGAN; NORTHERN ALASKA; GROUSE; TUNDRA; POPULATIONS; SEGREGATION; EXPANSION; RESPONSES; PROGRAM AB Rock and willow ptarmigan are abundant herbivores that require shrub habitats in arctic and alpine areas. Shrub expansion is likely to increase winter habitat availability for ptarmigan, which in turn influence shrub architecture and growth through browsing. Despite their ecological role in the Arctic, the distribution and movement patterns of ptarmigan are not well known, particularly in northern Alaska where shrub expansion is occurring. We used multi-season occupancy models to test whether ptarmigan occupancy varied within and among years, and the degree to which colonization and extinction probabilities were related to shrub cover and latitude. Aerial surveys were conducted from March to May in 2011 and April to May 2012 in a 21,230 km(2) area in northeastern Alaska. In areas with at least 30 % shrub cover, the probability of colonization by ptarmigan was > 0.90, indicating that moderate to extensive patches of shrubs (typically associated with riparian areas) had a high probability of becoming occupied by ptarmigan. Occupancy increased throughout the spring in both years, providing evidence that ptarmigan migrated from southern wintering areas to breeding areas north of the Brooks Range. Occupancy was higher in the moderate snow year than the high snow year, and this was likely due to higher shrub cover in the moderate snow year. Ptarmigan distribution and migration in the Arctic are linked to expanding shrub communities on a wide geographic scale, and these relationships may be shaping ptarmigan population dynamics, as well as rates and patterns of shrub expansion. C1 [Christie, K. S.; Lindberg, M. S.; Ruess, R. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schmutz, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Christie, KS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 902 Koyukuk Dr,POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM kschristie@alaska.edu FU Natural Science and Engineering Council (NSERC) of Canada; Alaska EPSCoR; University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute Of Arctic Biology FX This research was funded by a Natural Science and Engineering Council (NSERC) of Canada postgraduate scholarship to K. S. C., Alaska EPSCoR, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute Of Arctic Biology. We thank Coyote Air Services for flying the surveys and facilitating the research. We would like to acknowledge Ken Tape for his help in the development of this project, Christa Mulder, Brett Sandercock, and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript, and Josh Schmidt for help with the analysis. Finally, we would like to thank field technicians Jeff Liechty, Aleya Nelson, Katie Rubin, Rick Merizon, Nat Nichols, and Neil Paprocki for assisting with aerial surveys. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1111 EP 1120 DI 10.1007/s00300-014-1504-z PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO5IO UT WOS:000341378000005 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. TI Remote Sensing Open Access Journal: Increasing Impact through Quality Publications SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, USGS Western Geog Sci Ctr WGSC, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Western Geog Sci Ctr WGSC, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 6 IS 8 BP 7463 EP 7468 DI 10.3390/rs6087463 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AO7FV UT WOS:000341518700031 ER PT J AU Thompson, SJ Arnold, TW Amundson, CL AF Thompson, Sarah J. Arnold, Todd W. Amundson, Courtney L. TI A multiscale assessment of tree avoidance by prairie birds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Bobolink; Clay-colored Sparrow; fragmentation; grassland birds; N-mixture model; Savannah Sparrow; Sedge Wren; woody vegetation ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; WOODY VEGETATION; NORTH-DAKOTA; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; MODELS; CONSERVATION; ENCROACHMENT; VARIABILITY AB In North America, grassland bird abundances have declined, likely as a result of loss and degradation of prairie habitat. Given the expense and limited opportunity to procure new grasslands, managers are increasingly focusing on ways to improve existing habitat for grassland birds, using techniques such as tree removal. To examine the potential for tree removal to benefit grassland birds, we conducted 446 point counts on 35 grassland habitat patches in the highly fragmented landscape of west-central Minnesota during 2009-2011. We modeled density of four grassland bird species in relation to habitat composition at multiple scales, focusing on covariates that described grass, woody vegetation (trees and large shrubs), or combinations of grass and woody vegetation. The best-supported models for all four grassland bird species incorporated variables measured at multiple scales, including local features such as grass height, litter depth, and local tree abundance, as well as landscape-level measures of grass and tree cover. Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), Sedge Wrens (Cistothorus platensis), and Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) responded consistently and negatively to woody vegetation, but response to litter depth, grass height, and grassland extent were mixed among species. Our results suggest that reducing shrub and tree cover is more likely to increase the density of grassland birds than are attempts to improve grass quality or quantity. In particular, tree removal is more likely to increase density of Savannah Sparrows and Sedge Wrens than any reasonable changes in grass quality or quantity. Yet tree removal may not result in increased abundance of grassland birds if habitat composition is not considered at multiple scales. Managers will need to either manage at large scales (80-300 ha) or focus their efforts on removing trees in landscapes that contain some grasslands but few nearby wooded areas. C1 [Thompson, Sarah J.; Arnold, Todd W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Amundson, Courtney L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Thompson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM thom1253@umn.edu OI Thompson, Sarah/0000-0002-5733-8198 FU Ducks Unlimited Futch Fellowship; Delta Waterfowl Foundation; University of Minnesota Conservation Biology Graduate Program FX The Morris Wetland Management District provided logistical support for this study. The Ducks Unlimited Futch Fellowship, Delta Waterfowl Foundation, and the University of Minnesota Conservation Biology Graduate Program provided financial support. D. H. Johnson gave helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We also appreciate and thank our field research crew: M. Gillespie and D. Frasier. Use of any trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 30 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2014 VL 116 IS 3 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-072.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO3JD UT WOS:000341224600002 ER PT J AU Coates, PS Howe, KB Casazza, ML Delehanty, DJ AF Coates, Peter S. Howe, Kristy B. Casazza, Michael L. Delehanty, David J. TI Landscape alterations influence differential habitat use of nesting buteos and ravens within sagebrush ecosystem: Implications for transmission line development SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic; Buteo; energy development; Ferruginous Hawk; Red-tailed Hawk; raven; sagebrush; Swainson's Hawk; transmission line ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; RED-TAILED HAWKS; COMMON RAVENS; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; FERRUGINOUS HAWKS; PERCH DETERRENTS; SWAINSONS-HAWKS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SYMPATRIC BUTEOS; CORVID RESPONSE AB A goal in avian ecology is to understand factors that influence differences in nesting habitat and distribution among species, especially within changing landscapes. Over the past 2 decades, humans have altered sagebrush ecosystems as a result of expansion in energy production and transmission. Our primary study objective was to identify differences in the use of landscape characteristics and natural and anthropogenic features by nesting Common Ravens (Corvus corax) and 3 species of buteo (Swainson's Hawk [Buteo swainsoni], Red-tailed Hawk [B. jamaicensis], and Ferruginous Hawk [B. regalis]) within a sagebrush ecosystem in southeastern Idaho. During 2007-2009, we measured multiple environmental factors associated with 212 nest sites using data collected remotely and in the field. We then developed multinomial models to predict nesting probabilities by each species and predictive response curves based on model-averaged estimates. We found differences among species related to nesting substrate (natural vs. anthropogenic), agriculture, native grassland, and edge (interface of 2 cover types). Most important, ravens had a higher probability of nesting on anthropogenic features (0.80) than the other 3 species (<0.10), and the probability of nesting near agriculture was greatest for ravens (0.55) followed by Swainson's Hawk (0.28). We also describe changes in nesting densities over 4 decades at this site as related to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Since the 1970s, the composition of the raptor and raven nesting community has drastically changed with anthropogenic alterations and loss of continuous stands of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), favoring increased numbers of nesting ravens and fewer nesting Ferruginous Hawks. Our results indicate that habitat alterations, fragmentation, and forthcoming disturbances anticipated with continued energy development in sagebrush steppe ecosystems can lead to predictable changes in raptor and raven communities. C1 [Coates, Peter S.; Howe, Kristy B.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Howe, Kristy B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT USA. [Howe, Kristy B.; Delehanty, David J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU Biological Sciences Department of Idaho State University; Wildlife Conservation Society; U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management; Gonzales-Stoller Surveillance; U.S. Department of Energy; Idaho National Laboratory FX We thank R. Troy, A. Narish, D. Hilliard, and S. Boyle for their field assistance. We thank several individuals who promoted and encouraged our research, including C. Jenkins, J. Lowe, T. Mathis, J. Burrell, S. Bergen, D. Halford, R. Blew, L. Parker, and Q. Shurtliff. We especially thank J. Shive and his team for their contributions to the detailed vegetation map used in the analysis of these data. We are grateful for the assistance of B. Brussee, P. Gore, and L. Parker at U.S. Geological Survey. This research was conducted through the academic and financial support of the Biological Sciences Department of Idaho State University, Wildlife Conservation Society, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, Gonzales-Stoller Surveillance, U.S. Department of Energy, and Idaho National Laboratory. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 68 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2014 VL 116 IS 3 BP 341 EP 356 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-126.1 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO3JD UT WOS:000341224600005 ER PT J AU Buler, JJ Dawson, DK AF Buler, Jeffrey J. Dawson, Deanna K. TI Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern US SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE landbird migration; stopover distribution; WSR-88D radar; predictive mapping ID GREAT-LAKES; LAND BIRDS; NEW-WORLD; PATTERNS; WSR-88D; QUANTIFICATION; REGRESSION; MOVEMENTS; LANDBIRDS; HABITATS AB The national network of weather surveillance radars (WSR-88D) detects flying birds and is a useful remote-sensing tool for ornithological study. We used data collected during fall 2008 and 2009 by 16 WSR-88D radars in the northeastern U.S. to quantify the spatial distribution of landbirds during migratory stopover. We geo-referenced estimates based on radar reflectivity, of the density of migrants aloft at their abrupt evening exodus from daytime stopover sites, to the approximate locations from which they emerged. We classified bird stopover use by the magnitude and variation of radar reflectivity across nights; areas were considered "important" stopover sites for conservation if bird density was consistently high. We developed statistical models that predict potentially important stopover sites across the region, based on land cover, ground elevation, and geographic location. Large areas of regionally important stopover sites were located along the coastlines of Long Island Sound, throughout the Delmarva Peninsula, in areas surrounding Baltimore and Washington, along the western edge of the Adirondack Mountains, and within the Appalachian Mountains of southwestern Virginia and West Virginia. Locally important stopover sites generally were associated with deciduous forests embedded within landscapes dominated by developed or agricultural lands, or near the shores of major water bodies. Preserving or enhancing patches of natural habitat, particularly deciduous forests, in developed or agricultural landscapes and along major coastlines could be a priority for conservation plans addressing the stopover requirements of migratory landbirds in the northeastern U.S. Our maps of important stopover sites can be used to focus conservation efforts and can serve as a sampling frame for fieldwork to validate radar observations or for ecological studies of landbirds on migratory stopover. C1 [Buler, Jeffrey J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Dawson, Deanna K.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Buler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jbuler@udel.edu OI Buler, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2696-847X FU USGS Science Support Partnership Program; USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project grant FX We thank Tianna Bogart and Dania Kluver for software development, Dan Greene and Jill Gautreaux for assistance with data screening, and Robb Diehl, Dave Ewert, Steve Latta, Lori Randall, Phil Taylor, and an anonymous reviewer for comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this paper. Funding to support this research was awarded through the USGS Science Support Partnership Program. BIRDS software development was partially funded through a USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project grant. Radar data processing software is now also available in the w2birddensity tool (Baler et al. 2012b) of the Warning Decision Support System-Integrated Information (WDSS-II, http://www.wdssii.org/), a suite of algorithms and software tools for the analysis, diagnosis, and visualization of WSR-88D data, developed jointly by NOAKs National Severe Storms Laboratory and the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies at the University of Oklahoma (Lakshmanan et al. 2007). Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 33 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2014 VL 116 IS 3 BP 357 EP 370 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO3JD UT WOS:000341224600006 ER PT J AU Haig, SM D'Elia, J Eagles-Smith, C Fair, JM Gervais, J Herring, G Rivers, JW Schulz, JH AF Haig, Susan M. D'Elia, Jesse Eagles-Smith, Collin Fair, Jeanne M. Gervais, Jennifer Herring, Garth Rivers, James W. Schulz, John H. TI The persistent problem of lead poisoning in birds from ammunition and fishing tackle SO CONDOR LA English DT Review DE birds; copper bullets; endangered species; fishing jigs; fishing sinkers; fishing tackle; lead; lead ammunition; lead poisoning ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; WOODCOCK SCOLOPAX-MINOR; DOVES ZENAIDA-MACROURA; MOURNING DOVES; BLOOD-LEAD; CALIFORNIA CONDOR; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; AMERICAN WOODCOCK; DIETARY EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES AB Lead (Pb) is a metabolic poison that can negatively influence biological processes, leading to illness and mortality across a large spectrum of North American avifauna (>120 species) and other organisms. Pb poisoning can result from numerous sources, including ingestion of bullet fragments and shot pellets left in animal carcasses, spent ammunition left in the field, lost fishing tackle, Pb-based paints, large-scale mining, and Pb smelting activities. Although Pb shot has been banned for waterfowl hunting in the United States (since 1991) and Canada (since 1999), Pb exposure remains a problem for many avian species. Despite a large body of scientific literature on exposure to Pb and its toxicological effects on birds, controversy still exists regarding its impacts at a population level. We explore these issues and highlight areas in need of investigation: (1) variation in sensitivity to Pb exposure among bird species; (2) spatial extent and sources of Pb contamination in habitats in relation to bird exposure in those same locations; and (3) interactions between avian Pb exposure and other landscape-level stressors that synergistically affect bird demography. We explore multiple paths taken to reduce Pb exposure in birds that (1) recognize common ground among a range of affected interests; (2) have been applied at local to national scales; and (3) engage governmental agencies, interest groups, and professional societies to communicate the impacts of Pb ammunition and fishing tackle, and to describe approaches for reducing their availability to birds. As they have in previous times, users of fish and wildlife will play a key role in resolving the Pb poisoning issue. C1 [Haig, Susan M.; Eagles-Smith, Collin; Herring, Garth] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [D'Elia, Jesse] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Fair, Jeanne M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Gervais, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Wildlife Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gervais, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rivers, James W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schulz, John H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 NR 168 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 15 U2 110 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2014 VL 116 IS 3 BP 408 EP 428 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-36.1 PG 21 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO3JD UT WOS:000341224600010 ER PT J AU Kennedy, PL Bartuszevige, AM Houle, M Humphrey, AB Dugger, KM Williams, J AF Kennedy, Patricia L. Bartuszevige, Anne M. Houle, Marcy Humphrey, Ann B. Dugger, Katie M. Williams, John TI Stable occupancy by breeding hawks (Buteo spp.) over 25 years on a privately managed bunchgrass prairie in northeastern Oregon, USA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Ferruginous Hawk; grassland birds; historical data; nesting habitat; occupancy modeling; raptor; Red-tailed Hawk; Swainson's Hawk ID DETECTION PROBABILITY; UNGULATE HERBIVORY; FERRUGINOUS HAWKS; NORTHERN GOSHAWK; KNOWLEDGE GAPS; SPOTTED OWLS; BARRED OWLS; LAND-USE; GRASSLAND; CONSERVATION AB Potential for large prairie remnants to provide habitat for grassland-obligate wildlife may be compromised by nonsustainable range-management practices. In 1979-1980, high nesting densities of 3 species of hawks in the genus Buteo-Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Red-tailed Hawk (B. jamaicensis), and Swainson's Hawk (B. swainsoni) were documented on the Zumwalt Prairie and surrounding agricultural areas (34,361 ha) in northeastern Oregon, USA. This area has been managed primarily as livestock summer range since it was homesteaded. Unlike in other prairie remnants, land management on the Zumwalt Prairie was consistent over the past several decades; thus, we predicted that territory occupancy of these 3 species would be stable. We also predicted that territory occupancy would be positively related to local availability of nesting structures within territories. We evaluated these hypotheses using a historical dataset, current survey and habitat data, and occupancy models. In support of our predictions, territory occupancy of all 3 species has not changed over the study period of similar to 25 yr, which suggests that local range-management practices are not negatively affecting these taxa. Probability of Ferruginous Hawk occupancy increased with increasing area of aspen, an important nest structure for this species in grasslands. Probability of Swainson's Hawk occupancy increased with increasing area of large shrubs, and probability of Red-tailed Hawk occupancy was weakly associated with area of conifers. In the study area, large shrubs and conifers are commonly used as nesting structures by Swainson's Hawks and Red-tailed Hawks, respectively. Availability of these woody species is changing (increases in conifers and large shrubs, and decline in aspen) throughout the west, and these changes may result in declines in Ferruginous Hawk occupancy and increases in Swainson's Hawk and Red-tailed Hawk occupancy in the future. C1 [Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Union, OR 97850 USA. [Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR USA. [Bartuszevige, Anne M.] Playa Lakes Joint Venture, Lafayette, CO USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Williams, John] Oregon State Univ, Wallowa Cty Extens Off, Enterprise, OR USA. RP Kennedy, PL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Union, OR 97850 USA. EM pat.kennedy@oregonstate.edu RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 FU National Resources Conservation Service, Wildlife Habitat Management Institute; Nature Conservancy's Northeast Oregon Office; Eastern Oregon Agriculture and Natural Resource Program of Oregon State University FX We are grateful for financial support to conduct this research from the National Resources Conservation Service, Wildlife Habitat Management Institute. Additional support was provided by The Nature Conservancy's Northeast Oregon Office and the Eastern Oregon Agriculture and Natural Resource Program of Oregon State University. We are deeply indebted to C. Henny and C. Warren, who inspired and guided Cottrell's original study. Our sincere gratitude goes to the 28 landowners on the Zumwalt who made this study possible by generously providing access to their property, and to T. Smith, R. Childers, and C. Warnock for assisting us with landowner contacts. D. MacKenzie assisted with study design and answered numerous questions about multiseason occupancy models. We also thank the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (V. Coggins and M. Hansen) for technical assistance with data-recording techniques and for providing information on aspen and hawk sightings. C. Whiting, P. Arentsen, and A. Lueders helped conduct hawk surveys, and K. Allen assisted with the GIS analyses. C. Coiner assisted with GIS, graphics support, copyediting, and general field support. The comments of J. Fontaine, R. Taylor, A. J. Kroll, and several anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2014 VL 116 IS 3 BP 435 EP 445 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-12-174.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO3JD UT WOS:000341224600012 ER PT J AU Borneman, TE Rose, ET Simons, TR AF Borneman, Tracy E. Rose, Eli T. Simons, Theodore R. TI Minimal changes in heart rate of incubating American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in response to human activity SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; heart rate; human activity; artificial egg; physiology; stress; disturbance; habituation ID PENGUINS PYGOSCELIS-ADELIAE; LEVEL JET AIRCRAFT; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; BLACK DUCKS; MANAGEMENT; STRESS; NOISE; BIRDS; COLONIES; BEHAVIOR AB An organism's heart rate is commonly used as an indicator of physiological stress due to environmental stimuli. We used heart rate to monitor the physiological response of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) to human activity in their nesting environment. We placed artificial eggs with embedded microphones in 42 oystercatcher nests to record the heart rate of incubating oystercatchers continuously for up to 27 days. We used continuous video and audio recordings collected simultaneously at the nests to relate physiological response of birds (heart rate) to various types of human activity. We observed military and civilian aircraft, off-road vehicles, and pedestrians around nests. With the exception of high-speed, low-altitude military overflights, we found little evidence that oystercatcher heart rates were influenced by most types of human activity. The low-altitude flights were the only human activity to significantly increase average heart rates of incubating oystercatchers (12% above baseline). Although statistically significant, we do not consider the increase in heart rate during high-speed, low-altitude military overflights to be of biological significance. This noninvasive technique may be appropriate for other studies of stress in nesting birds. C1 [Borneman, Tracy E.; Rose, Eli T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Borneman, TE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tracyborneman@gmail.conn OI Borneman, Tracy/0000-0002-8196-1369; Rose, Eli/0000-0003-0958-9491 FU United States Marine Corps, U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina, USA FX Funding was provided by the United States Marine Corps, U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina, USA. Thank you to Marine Corps personnel including C. Lombardo, D. Plummer, J. Guilianelli, K. Cobb, and many others for providing data and support. Audrey De Rose-Wilson, Matthew Hillman, Sarah Karpanty, James Fraser, and Jessica Stocking were extremely helpful collaborators on this research. Many thanks to J. Wettroth, M. Rikard, J. Altman, and the staff of Cape Lookout National Seashore for project assistance. D. Mennitt, D. Joyce, K. Fristrup, and S. Hussain provided software and technical support. We are indebted to research assistants and volunteers M. Thoemmes, J. Smith, K. Pierson, M. Peterson, A. Nolker, I. Colon, J. Hampton, and M. Fisk. We thank M. Krachey, F. Wu, T. Chen, K. Shusterman, P. Bloomfield, K. Pollock, and K. Gross for providing statistical analysis support. Thank you to N. Haddad and J. Collazo for project review and advice. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 24 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2014 VL 116 IS 3 BP 493 EP 503 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-48.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AO3JD UT WOS:000341224600017 ER PT J AU Shryock, DF DeFalco, LA Esque, TC AF Shryock, Daniel F. DeFalco, Lesley A. Esque, Todd C. TI Life-history traits predict perennial species response to fire in a desert ecosystem SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Fire; Mojave Desert; plant functional types; trait analysis ID PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; CREOSOTE BUSH SCRUB; MOJAVE DESERT; SEED BANKS; PERSISTENCE TRAITS; YUCCA-BREVIFOLIA; PRONE ECOSYSTEMS; SONORAN DESERT; GLOBAL CHANGE; CROWN-FIRE AB The Mojave Desert of North America has become fire-prone in recent decades due to invasive annual grasses that fuel wildfires following years of high rainfall. Perennial species are poorly adapted to fire in this system, and post-fire shifts in species composition have been substantial but variable across community types. To generalize across a range of conditions, we investigated whether simple life-history traits could predict how species responded to fire. Further, we classified species into plant functional types (PFTs) based on combinations of life-history traits and evaluated whether these groups exhibited a consistent fire-response. Six life-history traits varied significantly between burned and unburned areas in short (up to 4 years) or long-term (up to 52 years) post-fire datasets, including growth form, lifespan, seed size, seed dispersal, height, and leaf longevity. Forbs and grasses consistently increased in abundance after fire, while cacti were reduced and woody species exhibited a variable response. Woody species were classified into three PFTs based on combinations of life-history traits. Species in Group 1 increased in abundance after fire and were characterized by short lifespans, small, wind-dispersed seeds, low height, and deciduous leaves. Species in Group 2 were reduced by fire and distinguished from Group 1 by longer lifespans and evergreen leaves. Group 3 species, which also decreased after fire, were characterized by long lifespans, large non-wind dispersed seeds, and taller heights. Our results show that PFTs based on life-history traits can reliably predict the responses of most species to fire in the Mojave Desert. Dominant, long-lived species of this region possess a combination of traits limiting their ability to recover, presenting a clear example of how a novel disturbance regime may shift selective environmental pressures to favor alternative life-history strategies. C1 [Shryock, Daniel F.; DeFalco, Lesley A.; Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Shryock, DF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM dshryock@usgs.gov OI Shryock, Daniel/0000-0003-0330-9815 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystem Science Program FX We thank Fred Edwards (Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Las Vegas Field Office), Christina Lund (BLM, California State Office), and Kathleen Harcksen and Jennifer Fox (BLM, Arizona Strip Field Office) for generously providing funding for this study. Additional funding support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystem Science Program. The manuscript was significantly improved by the reviews from Seth Munson and 3 anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. The experiment described here complies with all rules and regulations pertaining to the land and resources where they were performed. NR 86 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 4 IS 15 BP 3046 EP 3059 DI 10.1002/ece3.1159 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AN4RI UT WOS:000340575000007 PM 25247062 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Adler, PB Harpole, WS Borer, ET Seabloom, EW AF Grace, James B. Adler, Peter B. Harpole, W. Stanley Borer, Elizabeth T. Seabloom, Eric W. TI Causal networks clarify productivity-richness interrelations, bivariate plots do not SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE causal diagrams; causal networks; conservation; humped-back model; Nutrient Network (NutNet); productivity-diversity; quantile regression; species richness; structural equation modelling ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; POOR PREDICTOR; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; WATER WETLANDS; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; GRADIENTS; BIOMASS; PERFORMANCE AB 1. Perhaps no other pair of variables in ecology has generated as much discussion as species richness and ecosystem productivity, as illustrated by the reactions by Pierce (2013) and others to Adler et al.'s (2011) report that empirical patterns are weak and inconsistent. Adler et al. (2011) argued we need to move beyond a focus on simplistic bivariate relationships and test mechanistic, multivariate causal hypotheses. We feel the continuing debate over productivity-richness relationships (PRRs) provides a focused context for illustrating the fundamental difficulties of using bivariate relationships to gain scientific understanding. 2. Pierce (2013) disputes Adler et al.'s (2011) conclusion that bivariate productivity-richness relationships (PRRs) are 'weak and variable'. He argues, instead, that relationships in the Adler et al. data are actually strong and, further, that failure to adhere to the humped-back model (HBM; sensu Grime 1979) threatens scientists' ability to advise conservationists. Here, we show that Pierce's reanalyses are invalid, that statistically significant boundary relations in the Adler et al. data are difficult to detect when proper methods are used and that his advice neither advances scientific understanding nor provides the quantitative forecasts actually needed by decision makers. 3. We begin by examining Grimes' HBM through the lens of causal networks. We first translate the ideas contained in the HBM into a causal diagram, which shows explicitly how multiple processes are hypothesized to control biomass production and richness and their interrelationship. We then evaluate the causal diagram using structural equation modelling and example data from a published study of meadows in Finland. Formal analysis rejects the literal translation of the HBM and reveals additional processes at work. This exercise shows how the practice of abstracting systems as causal networks (i) clarifies possible hypotheses, (ii) permits explicit testing and (iii) provides more powerful and useful predictions. 4. Building on the Finnish meadow example, we contrast the utility of bivariate plots compared with structural equation models for investigating underlying processes. Simulations illustrate the fallibility of bivariate analysis as a means of supporting one theory over another, while models based on causal networks can quantify the sensitivity of diversity patterns to both management and natural constraints. 5. A key piece of Pierce's critique of Adler et al.'s conclusions relies on upper boundary regression which he claims to reveal strong relationships between production and richness in Adler et al.'s original data. We demonstrate that this technique shows strong associations in purely random data and is invalid for Adler et al.'s data because it depends on a uniform data distribution. We instead perform quantile regression on both the site-level summaries of the data and the plot-level data (using mixed-model quantile regression). Using a variety of nonlinear curve-fitting approaches, we were unable to detect a significant humped-shape boundary in the Adler et al. data. We reiterate that the bivariate productivity-richness relationships in Adler et al.'s data are weak and variable. 6. We urge ecologists to consider productivity-richness relationships through the lens of causal networks to advance our understanding beyond bivariate analysis. Further, we emphasize that models based on a causal network conceptualization can also provide more meaningful guidance for conservation management than can a bivariate perspective. Measuring only two variables does not permit the evaluation of complex ideas nor resolve debates about underlying mechanisms. C1 [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Harpole, W. Stanley] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Borer, Elizabeth T.; Seabloom, Eric W.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gracej@usgs.gov RI Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009; Harpole, William/C-2814-2013; OI Harpole, William/0000-0002-3404-9174; Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259; Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853 FU USGS Ecosystems Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-1054040]; Utah State University; National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network program [NSF-DEB-1042132]; National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research program [NSF-DEB-1234162]; Institute on the Environment [DG-0001-13] FX We acknowledge Heli Jutila for the availability of data used in some of our illustrations and Marco Geraci for advice on the use of the lqmm package for mixed-model quantile regression. We also thank T. M. Anderson and three anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Support for JBG was provided by the USGS Ecosystems Program. PBA was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1054040) and Utah State University. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Coordination and data management of the Nutrient Network (http://www.nutnet.org) experiment has been supported by funding to E. Borer and E. Seabloom from the National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF-DEB-1042132) and Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-DEB-1234162 to Cedar Creek LTER) programs and the Institute on the Environment (DG-0001-13). We also thank the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute for hosting project data and the Institute on the Environment for hosting Network meetings. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relative to this work. NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 14 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 787 EP 798 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12269 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN5ZY UT WOS:000340673900001 ER PT J AU Ng, GHC Bekins, BA Cozzarelli, IM Baedecker, MJ Bennett, PC Amos, RT AF Ng, G. -H. Crystal Bekins, Barbara A. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Baedecker, Mary Jo Bennett, Philip C. Amos, Richard T. TI A mass balance approach to investigating geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Secondary water quality impacts; LNAPL; Hydrocarbon; BTEX; Groundwater; Biodegradation ID NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; METHANE OXIDATION; IRON REDUCTION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; BIODEGRADATION; SUBSURFACE; HYDROCARBONS AB Secondary water quality impacts can result from a broad range of coupled reactions triggered by primary groundwater contaminants. Data from a crude-oil spill research site near Bemidji, MN provide an ideal test case for investigating the complex interactions controlling secondary impacts, including depleted dissolved oxygen and elevated organic carbon, inorganic carbon, CH4, Mn, Fe, and other dissolved ions. To better understand these secondary impacts, this study began with an extensive data compilation of various data types, comprising aqueous, sediment, gas, and oil phases, covering a 260 m cross-sectional domain over 30 years. Mass balance calculations are used to quantify pathways that control secondary components, by using the data to constrain the sources and sinks for the important redox processes. The results show that oil constituents other than BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m- and p-xylenes), including n-alkanes and other aromatic compounds, play significant roles in plume evolution and secondary water quality impacts. The analysis underscores previous results on the importance of non-aqueous phases. Over 99.9% of the Fe2+ plume is attenuated by immobilization on sediments as Fe(II) and 85-95% of the carbon biodegradation products are outgassed. Gaps identified in carbon and Fe mass balances and in pH buffering mechanisms are used to formulate a new conceptual model. This new model includes direct out-gassing of CH4 and CO2 from organic carbon biodegradation, dissolution of directly produced CO2, and sorption with H exchange to improve pH buffering. The identification of these mechanisms extends understanding of natural attenuation of potential secondary impacts at enhanced reductive dechlorination sites, particularly for reduced Fe plumes, produced CH4, and pH perturbations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ng, G. -H. Crystal; Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Baedecker, Mary Jo] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bennett, Philip C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Amos, Richard T.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Ng, GHC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, 310 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM gcng@umn.edu; babekins@usgs.gov; icozzare@usgs.gov; mjbaedec@usgs.gov; pbennett@jsg.utexas.edu; ramos@scimail.uwaterloo.ca OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU SERDP [ER-2131]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS National Research Program FX This work was funded by SERDP (grant ER-2131) aand also supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USGS National Research Program. The authors thank Doug Kent, Gary Curtis, Bob Borden, Jason Tillotson, Bill Herkelrath, and Hedeff Essaid for their insightful discussions. Helpful comments were provided by Bob Eganhouse and two anonymous reviewers. Jeanne Jaeschke provided analytical support, and Lan Warren helped with the production of Fig. 1. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 164 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0HG UT WOS:000340989100001 PM 24908586 ER PT J AU Warren, E Sihota, NJ Hostettler, FD Bekins, BA AF Warren, Ean Sihota, Natasha J. Hostettler, Frances D. Bekins, Barbara A. TI Comparison of surficial CO2 efflux to other measures of subsurface crude oil degradation SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pearson correlation; Microbial concentration; Carbon dioxide efflux; Alkylcyclohexane biodegradation; Crude oil ID NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; SPILL SITE; CONTAMINATED AQUIFERS; METHANE OXIDATION; POPULATIONS; GENE; BIODEGRADATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; RESPIRATION; PROGRESSION AB At a spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota, crude oil at the water table has been undergoing anaerobic biodegradation for over 30 years. Previous work at this site has shown that methane produced from biodegradation of the oil migrates upward and is oxidized in a methanotrophic zone midway between the water table and the surface. To compare microbial activity measurement methods from multiple locations in the oil body, surficial carbon dioxide efflux, methanogen and methanotroph concentrations, and oil degradation state were collected. Carbon dioxide effluxes over the oil body averaged more than four times those at the background site. Methanotrophic bacteria concentrations measured using pmoA were over 10(5) times higher above the oil-contaminated sediments compared with the background site. Methanogenic archaea measured using mcrA ranged from 10(5) to over 10(7) in the oil and were below detection in the background. Methanogens correlated very well with methanotroph concentrations (r = 0.99), n-alkylcyclohexane losses as a proxy for degradation state (r = -0.96), and somewhat less well with carbon dioxide efflux (r = 0.92). Carbon dioxide efflux similarly correlated to methanotroph concentrations (r = 0.90) and n-alkylcyclohexane losses (r = -0.91). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Warren, Ean; Hostettler, Frances D.; Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sihota, Natasha J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Warren, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ewarren@usgs.gov; nsihota@eos.ubc.ca; fdhostet@usgs.gov; babekins@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 164 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.06.006 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0HG UT WOS:000340989100023 PM 25038543 ER PT J AU Dostal, J Kontak, DJ Karl, SM AF Dostal, Jaroslav Kontak, Daniel J. Karl, Susan M. TI The Early Jurassic Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex (southeastern Alaska): Geochemistry, petrogenesis and rare-metal mineralization SO LITHOS LA English DT Article DE Peralkaline granite; Rare earth elements; High field strength elements; Petrogenesis; Mineralization; Orthomagmatic hydrothermal fluids ID A-TYPE GRANITOIDS; SOUTH GREENLAND; HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES; STRANGE LAKE; REE MINERALIZATION; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; EARTH-ELEMENTS; IGNEOUS ROCKS; NOVA-SCOTIA; FRACTIONATION AB The Early Jurassic (ca. 177 Ma) Bokan Mountain granitic complex, located on southern Prince of Wales Island, southernmost Alaska, cross-cuts Paleozoic igneous and metasedimentary rocks of the Alexander terrane of the North American Cordillera and was emplaced during a rifting event. The complex is a circular body (similar to 3 km in diameter) of peralkaline granitic composition that has a core of arfvedsonite granite surrounded by aegirine granite. All the rock-forming minerals typically record a two-stage growth history and aegirine and arfvedsonite were the last major phases to crystallize from the magma. The Bokan granites and related dikes have SiO2 from 72 to 78 wt.%, high iron (FeO(tot) similar to 3-4.5 wt%) and alkali (8-10 wt.%) concentrations with high FeO(tot)/(FeO(tot) + MgO) ratios (typically >0.95) and the molar Al2O3/(Na2O + K2O) ratio <1. The granitic rocks are characterized by elevated contents of rare earth elements (REE), Th, U and high field strength elements (HFSE) and low contents of Ca, Sr, Ba and Eu, typical of peralkaline granites. The granites have high positive ersio values which are indicative of a mantle signature. The parent magma is inferred to be derived from an earlier metasomatized lithospheric mantle by low degrees of partial melting and generated the Bokan granitic melt through extensive fractional crystallization. The Bokan complex hosts significant rare-metal (REE, Y, U, Th, Nb) mineralization that is related to the late-stage crystallization history of the complex which involved the overlap of emplacement of felsic dikes, including pegmatite bodies, and generation of orthomagmatic fluids. The abundances of REE, HFSE, U and Th as well as Pb and Nd isotopic values of the pluton and dikes were modified by orthomagmatic hydrothermal fluids highly enriched in the strongly incompatible trace elements, which also escaped along zones of structural weakness to generate rare-metal mineralization. The latter was deposited in two stages: the first relates to the latest stage of magma emplacement and is associated with felsic dikes that intruded along the faults and shear deformations, whereas the second stage involved ingress of hydrothermal fluids that both remobilized and enriched the initial magmatic mineralization. Mineralization is mostly composed of "new" minerals. Fluorine complexing played a role during the transportation of REE and HFSE in hydrothermal fluids and oxygen isotopes in the granites and quartz veins negate the significant incursion of an external fluid and support a dominantly orthomagmatic hydrothermal system. Many other REE-HFSE deposits hosted by peralkaline felsic rocks (nepheline syenites, peralkaline granites and peralkaline trachytes) were formed by a similar two stage process. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dostal, Jaroslav] St Marys Univ, Dept Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Kontak, Daniel J.] Laurentian Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. [Karl, Susan M.] Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Dostal, J (reprint author), St Marys Univ, Dept Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. EM jdostal@smu.ca FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources External Research Grant [G09AP00039]; NSERC of Canada; Ucore Rare Metals Ltd. FX We thank Nelson Eby, Erin Todd and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews of the manuscript. Support for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources External Research Grant G09AP00039, NSERC of Canada (Discovery grants to J.D. and D.K.) and Ucore Rare Metals Ltd. We would like to thank Randy Corney for technical assistance and Jim Barker for help with fieldwork and encouragement. NR 80 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 EI 1872-6143 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD AUG PY 2014 VL 202 BP 395 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.06.005 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA AN8KL UT WOS:000340853000025 ER PT J AU Jenniskens, P Rubin, AE Yin, QZ Sears, DWG Sandford, SA Zolensky, ME Krot, AN Blair, L Kane, D Utas, J Verish, R Friedrich, JM Wimpenny, J Eppich, GR Ziegler, K Verosub, KL Rowland, DJ Albers, J Gural, PS Grigsby, B Fries, MD Matson, R Johnston, M Silber, E Brown, P Yamakawa, A Sanborn, ME Laubenstein, M Welten, KC Nishiizumi, K Meier, MMM Busemann, H Clay, P Caffee, MW Schmitt-Kopplin, P Hertkorn, N Glavin, DP Callahan, MP Dworkin, JP Wu, QH Zare, RN Grady, M Verchovsky, S Emel'yanenko, V Naroenkov, S Clark, DL Girten, B Worden, PS AF Jenniskens, Peter Rubin, Alan E. Yin, Qing-Zhu Sears, Derek W. G. Sandford, Scott A. Zolensky, Michael E. Krot, Alexander N. Blair, Leigh Kane, Darci Utas, Jason Verish, Robert Friedrich, Jon M. Wimpenny, Josh Eppich, Gary R. Ziegler, Karen Verosub, Kenneth L. Rowland, Douglas J. Albers, Jim Gural, Peter S. Grigsby, Bryant Fries, Marc D. Matson, Robert Johnston, Malcolm Silber, Elizabeth Brown, Peter Yamakawa, Akane Sanborn, Matthew E. Laubenstein, Matthias Welten, Kees C. Nishiizumi, Kunihiko Meier, Matthias M. M. Busemann, Henner Clay, Patricia Caffee, Marc W. Schmitt-Kopplin, Phillipe Hertkorn, Norbert Glavin, Daniel P. Callahan, Michael P. Dworkin, Jason P. Wu, Qinghao Zare, Richard N. Grady, Monica Verchovsky, Sasha Emel'yanenko, Vacheslav Naroenkov, Sergey Clark, David L. Girten, Beverly Worden, Peter S. CA Novato Meteorite Consortium TI Fall, recovery, and characterization of the Novato L6 chondrite breccia SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; PARK-FOREST METEORITE; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; EXPOSURE HISTORY; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; INNISFREE METEORITE; ASTEROIDAL SOURCE; STONY METEORITES AB The Novato L6 chondrite fragmental breccia fell in California on 17 October 2012, and was recovered after the Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance (CAMS) project determined the meteor's trajectory between 95 and 46 km altitude. The final fragmentation from 42 to 22 km altitude was exceptionally well documented by digital photographs. The first sample was recovered before rain hit the area. First results from a consortium study of the meteorite's characterization, cosmogenic and radiogenic nuclides, origin, and conditions of the fall are presented. Some meteorites did not retain fusion crust and show evidence of spallation. Before entry, the meteoroid was 35 +/- 5 cm in diameter (mass 80 +/- 35 kg) with a cosmic-ray exposure age of 9 +/- 1 Ma, if it had a one-stage exposure history. A two-stage exposure history is more likely, with lower shielding in the last few Ma. Thermoluminescence data suggest a collision event within the last similar to 0.1 Ma. Novato probably belonged to the class of shocked L chondrites that have a common shock age of 470 Ma, based on the U, Th-He age of 420 +/- 220 Ma. The measured orbits of Novato, Jesenice, and Innisfree are consistent with a proposed origin of these shocked L chondrites in the Gefion asteroid family, perhaps directly via the 5: 2 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter. Novato experienced a stronger compaction than did other L6 chondrites of shock-stage S4. Despite this, a freshly broken surface shows a wide range of organic compounds. C1 [Jenniskens, Peter; Blair, Leigh; Albers, Jim; Gural, Peter S.; Grigsby, Bryant] Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Jenniskens, Peter; Sears, Derek W. G.; Sandford, Scott A.; Girten, Beverly; Worden, Peter S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rubin, Alan E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Yin, Qing-Zhu; Wimpenny, Josh; Verosub, Kenneth L.; Yamakawa, Akane; Sanborn, Matthew E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sears, Derek W. G.] BAER Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Zolensky, Michael E.; Fries, Marc D.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77801 USA. [Krot, Alexander N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kane, Darci] Buck Inst, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Utas, Jason] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Verish, Robert] Meteorite Recovery Lab, Escondido, CA 92046 USA. [Friedrich, Jon M.] Fordham Univ, Dept Chem, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Friedrich, Jon M.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Eppich, Gary R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ziegler, Karen] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Rowland, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Mol & Genom Imaging, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Matson, Robert] SAIC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Johnston, Malcolm] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Silber, Elizabeth; Brown, Peter; Clark, David L.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Laubenstein, Matthias] Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi, AQ, Italy. [Welten, Kees C.; Nishiizumi, Kunihiko] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Meier, Matthias M. M.] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Meier, Matthias M. M.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Busemann, Henner; Clay, Patricia] Univ Manchester, SEAES, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Caffee, Marc W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schmitt-Kopplin, Phillipe; Hertkorn, Norbert] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, BGC, D-85764 Munich, Germany. [Schmitt-Kopplin, Phillipe] Tech Univ Munich, ALC, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Glavin, Daniel P.; Callahan, Michael P.; Dworkin, Jason P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, Qinghao; Zare, Richard N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Grady, Monica; Verchovsky, Sasha] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Emel'yanenko, Vacheslav; Naroenkov, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci INASAN, Inst Astron, Moscow 119017, Russia. RP Jenniskens, P (reprint author), Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM petrus.m.jenniskens@nasa.gov RI Naroenkov, Sergey/I-5699-2013; Emel'yanenko, Vacheslav/A-4087-2014; Yin, Qing-Zhu/B-8198-2009; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015; Laubenstein, Matthias/C-4851-2013; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe/H-6271-2011; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; OI Eppich, Gary/0000-0003-2176-6673; Yin, Qing-Zhu/0000-0002-4445-5096; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967; Grady, Monica/0000-0002-4055-533X; Laubenstein, Matthias/0000-0001-5390-4343; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe/0000-0003-0824-2664; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Busemann, Henner/0000-0002-0867-6908; Meier, Matthias/0000-0002-7179-4173; Rowland, Douglas/0000-0001-8059-6905; Clark, David/0000-0002-1203-764X; Sanborn, Matthew/0000-0003-3218-1195 FU NASA [NNX12AM14G, NNX08AO64G]; NASA Cosmochemistry program [NNG06GF95G, NNX11AJ51G, NNX11AC69G]; Swiss National Science Foundation (STFC) FX This consortium study was made possible thanks to the donation of meteorite N01 by Novato residents Lisa Webber and Glenn Rivera. Lynn Hofland of NASA Ames Research Center performed the tensile strength measurements. This work was supported by the NASA Near Earth Object Observation and Planetary Astronomy programs (NNX12AM14G and NNX08AO64G to P.J.), the NASA Cosmochemistry program (NNG06GF95G to A. R., NNX11AJ51G to Q.Z.Y. & A.N.K., and NNX11AC69G to K.N.), and the Swiss National Science Foundation (STFC). NR 124 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1388 EP 1425 DI 10.1111/maps.12323 PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AN8SZ UT WOS:000340875900007 ER PT J AU Ruzicka, A Grossman, JN Garvie, L AF Ruzicka, Alex Grossman, Jeffrey N. Garvie, Laurence TI The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 100, 2014 June SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHISM; CHONDRITES; CRYSTAL; BOLIDES AB Meteoritical Bulletin 100 contains 1943 meteorites including 8 falls (Boumdeid (2011), Huaxi, Kosice, Silistra, Soltmany, Sutter's Mill, Thika, Tissint), with 1575 Ordinary chondrites, 139 Carbonaceous chondrites, 96 HED achondrites, 25 Ureilites, 18 Primitive achondrites, 17 Iron meteorites, 15 Enstatite chondrites, 11 Lunar meteorites, 10 Mesosiderites, 10 Ungrouped achondrites, 8 Pallasites, 8 Martian meteorites, 6 Rumuruti chondrites, 3 Enstatite achondrites, and 2 Angrites, and with 937 from Antarctica, 592 from Africa, 230 from Asia, 95 from South America, 44 from North America, 36 from Oceania, 6 from Europe, and 1 from an unknown location. This will be the last Bulletin published in the current format. Information about approved meteorites can be obtained from the Meteoritical Bulletin Database (MBD) available on line at http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/. C1 [Ruzicka, Alex] Portland State Univ, Cascadia Meteorite Lab, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Grossman, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Garvie, Laurence] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Meteorite Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Ruzicka, A (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Cascadia Meteorite Lab, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM ruzickaa@pdx.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 8 BP E1 EP E101 DI 10.1111/maps.12362 PG 101 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AN8SZ UT WOS:000340875900001 ER PT J AU Billman, EJ Rasmussen, JE Creighton, JC Johnson, JB Belk, MC AF Billman, Eric J. Rasmussen, Josh E. Creighton, J. Curtis Johnson, Jerald B. Belk, Mark C. TI A multivariate approach to the analysis of within lifetime variation in life history SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Life-history evolution; phenotypic plasticity; Nicrophorus; Poeciliidae; multivariate trajectory ID FISH BRACHYRHAPHIS-RHABDOPHORA; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; NATURAL-SELECTION; POECILIA-RETICULATA; EL-NINO; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; COSTS AB 1. Ecological and environmental gradients create varying selective pressures on organisms that result in differences in optimal life history tactics. Moreover, life histories are inherently multivariate, consisting of a coordinated suite of life history traits that vary over an organism's lifetime. Such variation can be described as a trajectory of phenotypic change through time inmultivariate space defined by a set of life history traits. 2. We demonstrate the use of phenotypic trajectory analysis as a multivariate analytical approach for quantifying and comparing phenotypic change in life history throughout an organism's life. Life history trajectories have attributes - magnitude, direction, and shape - that can be quantified and statistically compared. We demonstrate the construction of trajectories using levels characterized by individuals with the same age or similar state, and we show how this approach can be used to evaluate the evolution of life history strategies given predictions from life history theory. 3. We demonstrate the utility of phenotypic trajectory analysis for life histories using two examples. We compare life history trajectories of burying beetles and show that females balance costs of reproduction differently based on resource availability. We also characterize life history trajectories of livebearing fish in different predation environments. We show that females in non-predator environments, but not predator environments, exhibit trajectories consistent with the terminal investment hypothesis. 4. While analysing life history variation in a multivariate framework is not novel, we show that phenotypic trajectory analysis provides a method to statistically test age-and state-based predictions of life history theory. C1 [Billman, Eric J.; Johnson, Jerald B.; Belk, Mark C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rasmussen, Josh E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Klamath Falls Off, Klamath Falls, OR USA. [Creighton, J. Curtis] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. RP Billman, EJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM ericbillman@gmail.com NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 5 IS 8 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12211 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN5AC UT WOS:000340600400009 ER PT J AU Tornos, F Velasco, F Menor-Salvan, C Delgado, A Slack, JF Escobar, JM AF Tornos, Fernando Velasco, Francisco Menor-Salvan, Cesar Delgado, Antonio Slack, John F. Manuel Escobar, Juan TI Formation of recent Pb-Ag-Au mineralization by potential sub-surface microbial activity SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID IBERIAN PYRITE BELT; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; ISOTOPE RATIOS; SULFUR; FRACTIONATION; REDUCTION; FE(III); GOLD AB Las Cruces is a base-metal deposit in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, one of the world's best-known ore provinces. Here we report the occurrence of major Pb-Ag-Au mineralization resulting from recent sub-surface replacement of supergene oxyhydroxides by carbonate and sulphide minerals. This is probably the largest documented occurrence of recent microbial activity producing an ore assemblage previously unknown in supergene mineralizing environments. The presence of microbial features in the sulphides suggests that these may be the first-described natural bacteriomorphs of galena. The low delta C-13 values of the carbonate minerals indicate formation by deep anaerobic microbial processes. Sulphur isotope values of sulphides are interpreted here as reflecting microbial reduction in a system impoverished in sulphate. We suggest that biogenic activity has produced around 3.1 x 10(9) moles of reduced sulphur and 10(10) moles of CO2, promoting the formation of ca. 1.19 Mt of carbonates, 114,000 t of galena, 638 t of silver sulphides and 6.5 t of gold. C1 [Tornos, Fernando; Menor-Salvan, Cesar] Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Velasco, Francisco] Univ Basque Country, UPV EHU, Fac Ciencia & Tecnol, Dept Mineral & Petrol, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. [Delgado, Antonio] Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra IACT CSIC UGR, Lab Biogeoquim Isotopos Estables, Granada 18100, Spain. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Manuel Escobar, Juan] Cobre Cruces SA, Seville 41860, Spain. RP Tornos, F (reprint author), Ctr Astrobiol, Ctra Ajalvir Km 4-5, Madrid 28850, Spain. EM f.tornos@csic.es RI Delgado, Antonio/F-6866-2011 OI Delgado, Antonio/0000-0002-7240-1570 FU SEIDI (Spain) [CGL2011-23207]; IPBSL project of the European Science Foundation; ProMine project of the EU 7th Framework Program FX This study was funded by project CGL2011-23207 of the SEIDI (Spain), the IPBSL project of the European Science Foundation and the ProMine project of the EU 7th Framework Program. We acknowledge the staff of Cobre Las Cruces, especially J.C. Baquero, I. Carrasco, C. Gomez, A. Francos and G. Obejero for granting access to the mine and for providing valuable data on geology and hydrogeology. We also thank R. Amils, C. Ayora, C. Conde, N.G. Miguelez, I. Sanchez-Andrea, J.C. Videira and N. White for fruitful discussions. Michael Russell offered thoughtful and constructive reviews of the original manuscript. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4600 DI 10.1038/ncomms5600 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO1EX UT WOS:000341056200005 PM 25098677 ER PT J AU Nash, KL Allen, CR Barichievy, C Nystrom, M Sundstrom, S Graham, NAJ AF Nash, Kirsty L. Allen, Craig R. Barichievy, Chris Nystrom, Magnus Sundstrom, Shana Graham, Nicholas A. J. TI Habitat structure and body size distributions: cross-ecosystem comparison for taxa with determinate and indeterminate growth SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FOOD WEBS; BIRD COMMUNITIES; SCALE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; ABUNDANCE; RESILIENCE; RICHNESS AB Habitat structure across multiple spatial and temporal scales has been proposed as a key driver of body size distributions for associated communities. Thus, understanding the relationship between habitat and body size is fundamental to developing predictions regarding the influence of habitat change on animal communities. Much of the work assessing the relationship between habitat structure and body size distributions has focused on terrestrial taxa with determinate growth, and has primarily analysed discontinuities (gaps) in the distribution of species mean sizes (species size relationships or SSRs). The suitability of this approach for taxa with indeterminate growth has yet to be determined. We provide a cross-ecosystem comparison of bird (determinate growth) and fish (indeterminate growth) body mass distributions using four independent data sets. We evaluate three size distribution indices: SSRs, species size-density relationships (SSDRs) and individual size-density relationships (ISDRs), and two types of analysis: looking for either discontinuities or abundance patterns and multi-modality in the distributions. To assess the respective suitability of these three indices and two analytical approaches for understanding habitat-size relationships in different ecosystems, we compare their ability to differentiate bird or fish communities found within contrasting habitat conditions. All three indices of body size distribution are useful for examining the relationship between cross-scale patterns of habitat structure and size for species with determinate growth, such as birds. In contrast, for species with indeterminate growth such as fish, the relationship between habitat structure and body size may be masked when using mean summary metrics, and thus individual-level data (ISDRs) are more useful. Furthermore, ISDRs, which have traditionally been used to study aquatic systems, present a potentially useful common currency for comparing body size distributions across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Nash, Kirsty L.; Graham, Nicholas A. J.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Barichievy, Chris] Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, ZA-3150 Ithala Game Reserve, Louwsberg, South Africa. [Barichievy, Chris] Univ Witwatersrand, Ctr African Ecol, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Nystrom, Magnus] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sundstrom, Shana] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM nashkirsty@gmail.com RI Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014; Nash, Kirsty/B-5456-2015; OI Nash, Kirsty/0000-0003-0976-3197; Sundstrom, Shana/0000-0003-0823-8008 FU US Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Centre for Analysis and Synthesis; Queensland Smart Futures Fund; Australian Research Council FX This work was supported by The US Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Centre for Analysis and Synthesis. Collection of fish data was supported by the Queensland Smart Futures Fund and the Australian Research Council. Thank you to Hugh Possingham and the Nature Conservation Society of South Australia for the use of the Lofty Ranges dataset, and to Daniel Cleary and co-authors for availability of the Borneo data. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the US Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US goverment. Fish and bird graphics courtesy of Tracey Saxby: Integration and Application Network, < http://ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/>. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2014 VL 123 IS 8 BP 971 EP 983 DI 10.1111/oik.01314 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN5XE UT WOS:000340664700009 ER PT J AU Harada, N Katsuki, K Nakagawa, M Matsumoto, A Seki, O Addison, JA Finney, BP Sato, M AF Harada, Naomi Katsuki, Kota Nakagawa, Mitsuhiro Matsumoto, Akiko Seki, Osamu Addison, Jason A. Finney, Bruce P. Sato, Miyako TI Holocene sea surface temperature and sea ice extent in the Okhotsk and Bering Seas SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; MILLENNIAL-SCALE VARIATIONS; NORTHWESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; WINTER CLIMATE VARIABILITY; CAL KYR BP; THERMAL MAXIMUM; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; DIATOM RECORDS; RAFTED DEBRIS AB Accurate prediction of future climate requires an understanding of the mechanisms of the Holocene climate; however, the driving forces, mechanisms, and processes of climate change in the Holocene associated with different time scales remain unclear. We investigated the drivers of Holocene sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice extent in the North Pacific Ocean, and the Okhotsk and Bering Seas, as inferred from sediment core records, by using the alkenone unsaturation index as a biomarker of SST and abundances of sea ice-related diatoms (F. cylindrus and F. oceanica) as an indicator of sea ice extent to explore controlling mechanisms in the high-latitude Pacific. Temporal changes in alkenone content suggest that alkenone production was relatively high during the middle Holocene in the Okhotsk Sea and the western North Pacific, but highest in the late Holocene in the eastern Bering Sea and the eastern North Pacific. The Holocene variations of alkenone-SSTs at sites near Kamchatka in the Northwest Pacific, as well as in the western and eastern regions of the Bering Sea, and in the eastern North Pacific track the changes of Holocene summer insolation at 50 degrees N, but at other sites in the western North Pacific, in the southern Okhotsk Sea, and the eastern Bering Sea they do not. In addition to insolation, other atmosphere and ocean climate drivers, such as sea ice distribution and changes in the position and activity of the Aleutian Low, may have systematically influenced the timing and magnitude of warming and cooling during the Holocene within the subarctic North Pacific. Periods of high sea ice extent in both the Okhotsk and Bering Seas may correspond to some periods of frequent or strong winter-spring dust storms in the Mongolian Gobi Desert, particularly one centered at similar to 4-3 thousand years before present (kyr BP). Variation in storm activity in the Mongolian Gobi Desert region may reflect changes in the strength and positions of the Aleutian Low and Siberian High. We suggest that periods of eastward displacement or increased intensity of the Aleutian Low correspond with times of increased extent of sea ice in the western Okhotsk Sea and eastern Bering Sea. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Harada, Naomi; Sato, Miyako] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Katsuki, Kota] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Nakagawa, Mitsuhiro; Matsumoto, Akiko] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Nat Hist Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Seki, Osamu] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. [Addison, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Harada, N (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, 2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM haradan@jamstec.go.jp OI Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743 FU Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; Kuril Biocomplexity Project; NSF [BE/CNH 0508109] FX We are grateful to Captain Akamine and the crew of R/V Mirai for their help with sediment collection during cruise MR06-04. We thank John Barron and anonymous reviewers for their fruitful comments that improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, NSF grant BE/CNH 0508109 and Kuril Biocomplexity Project. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 126 SI SI BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.04.017 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN8JV UT WOS:000340851400021 ER PT J AU Stevens, CH Poole, FG Amaya-Martinez, R AF Stevens, Calvin H. Poole, Forrest G. Amaya-Martinez, Ricardo TI Late Paleozoic fusulinids from Sonora, Mexico: Importance for interpretation of depositional settings, biogeography, and paleotectonics (vol 31, pg 280, 2014) SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE CIENCIAS GEOLOGICAS LA English DT Correction C1 [Stevens, Calvin H.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Poole, Forrest G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Amaya-Martinez, Ricardo] Univ Sonora, Dept Geol, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. RP Stevens, CH (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM calvin.stevens@sjsu.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTRO GEOCIENCIAS UNAM PI QUERETARO PA CENTRO GEOCIENCIAS, UNAM, CAMPUS JURIQUILLA, QUERETARO, QRO 76230, MEXICO SN 1026-8774 J9 REV MEX CIENC GEOL JI Rev. Mex. Cienc. Geol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 280 EP 281 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN8KW UT WOS:000340854100011 ER PT J AU Richter, HE Gungle, B Lacher, LJ Turner, DS Bushman, BM AF Richter, Holly E. Gungle, Bruce Lacher, Laurel J. Turner, Dale S. Bushman, Brooke M. TI Development of a Shared Vision for Groundwater Management to Protect and Sustain Baseflows of the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA SO WATER LA English DT Article DE baseflow; strategic recharge; optimization; San Pedro River; groundwater management; sustainable yield; regional groundwater; enhance baseflows; flow protection; river conservation; managed aquifer recharge ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION AB Groundwater pumping along portions of the binational San Pedro River has depleted aquifer storage that supports baseflow in the San Pedro River. A consortium of 23 agencies, business interests, and non-governmental organizations pooled their collective resources to develop the scientific understanding and technical tools required to optimize the management of this complex, interconnected groundwater-surface water system. A paradigm shift occurred as stakeholders first collaboratively developed, and then later applied, several key hydrologic simulation and monitoring tools. Water resources planning and management transitioned from a traditional water budget-based approach to a more strategic and spatially-explicit optimization process. After groundwater modeling results suggested that strategic near-stream recharge could reasonably sustain baseflows at or above 2003 levels until the year 2100, even in the presence of continued groundwater development, a group of collaborators worked for four years to acquire 2250 hectares of land in key locations along 34 kilometers of the river specifically for this purpose. These actions reflect an evolved common vision that considers the multiple water demands of both humans and the riparian ecosystem associated with the San Pedro River. C1 [Richter, Holly E.; Turner, Dale S.; Bushman, Brooke M.] Nature Conservancy, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gungle, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Lacher, Laurel J.] Lacher Hydrol Consulting, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. RP Richter, HE (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 1510 E Ft Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM hrichter@tnc.org; bgungle@usgs.gov; LLacher1@msn.com; dturner@tnc.org; bbushman@tnc.org OI Gungle, Bruce/0000-0001-6406-1206 FU Department of Defense Army Compatible Use Buffer (ACUB) Program; Walton Family Foundation FX The authors would like to recognize the support of the Upper San Pedro Partnership, and its respective 23 member agencies, over the past 15 years in developing the science and fostering the collaboration required for the progress that has been made toward groundwater sustainability in the Upper San Pedro Basin. The USGS has also made significant contributions toward not only the development of the groundwater model in the basin, but also toward the conceptual understanding of sustainable yield on a broader basis. Lacher Hydrological Consulting has played a pivotal role in running various groundwater model simulations. The Department of Defense Army Compatible Use Buffer (ACUB) Program provided significant funding for the acquisition of land for aquifer recharge sites, and the Walton Family Foundation generously provided private funding for the subsequent design and engineering of initial aquifer recharge facilities. The authors thank David Goodrich and two anonymous reviewers for substantially improving this article. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD AUG PY 2014 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2519 EP 2538 DI 10.3390/w6082519 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AO1UL UT WOS:000341100400020 ER PT J AU Weisberg, PJ Dilts, TE Becker, ME Young, JS Wong-Kone, DC Newton, WE Ammon, EM AF Weisberg, Peter J. Dilts, Thomas E. Becker, Miles E. Young, Jock S. Wong-Kone, Diane C. Newton, Wesley E. Ammon, Elisabeth M. TI Guild-specific responses of avian species richness to LiDAR-derived habitat heterogeneity SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneity-diversity; Hierarchical partitioning; Riparian; Scale dependence; Vegetation structure ID VEGETATION STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE SCALES; AIRBORNE LIDAR; FOREST; BIRD; DIVERSITY; FLORISTICS; PATTERNS; PHYSIOGNOMY; COMMUNITIES AB Ecological niche theory implies that more heterogeneous habitats have the potential to support greater biodiversity. Positive heterogeneity-diversity relationships have been found for most studies investigating animal taxa, although negative relationships also occur and the scale dependence of heterogeneity-diversity relationships is little known. We investigated multi-scale, heterogeneity-diversity relationships for bird communities in a semi-arid riparian landscape, using airborne LiDAR data to derive key measures of structural habitat complexity. Habitat heterogeneity-diversity relationships were generally positive, although the overall strength of relationships varied across avian life history guilds (R-2 range: 0.03-0.41). Best predicted were the species richness indices of cavity nesters, habitat generalists, woodland specialists, and foliage foragers. Heterogeneity-diversity relationships were also strongly scale-dependent, with strongest associations at the 200-m scale (4 ha) and weakest associations at the 50-m scale (0.25 ha). Our results underscore the value of LiDAR data for fine-grained quantification of habitat structure, as well as the need for biodiversity studies to incorporate variation among life-history guilds and to simultaneously consider multiple guild functional types (e.g. nesting, foraging, habitat). Results suggest that certain life-history guilds (foliage foragers, cavity nesters, woodland specialists) are more susceptible than others (ground foragers, ground nesters, low nesters) to experiencing declines in local species richness if functional elements of habitat heterogeneity are lost. Positive heterogeneity-diversity relationships imply that riparian conservation efforts need to not only provide high-quality riparian habitat locally, but also to provide habitat heterogeneity across multiple scales. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Weisberg, Peter J.; Dilts, Thomas E.; Becker, Miles E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Young, Jock S.; Ammon, Elisabeth M.] Great Basin Bird Observ, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Wong-Kone, Diane C.] Otis Bay Ecol Consultants, Verdi, NV 89439 USA. [Newton, Wesley E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Becker, Miles E.] Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Grad Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Weisberg, PJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM pweisberg@cabnr.unr.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F12AC00130] FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Lahontan Fish Hatchery Complex (Agreement # F12AC00130). J. Yang helped with R scripts. C. Sijapati assisted with LiDAR processing. S. Mortenson helped with development of data layers and preliminary analyses. S. Byers, L. Heki, and C. Gourley assisted with project logistics and planning. T. Sitzia reviewed a previous version of the manuscript. Many outstanding field observers collected the data. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names if for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1146-609X EI 1873-6238 J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 59 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2014.06.002 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM9SG UT WOS:000340220700009 ER PT J AU Ransom, JI Powers, JG Garbe, HM Oehler, MW Nett, TM Baker, DL AF Ransom, Jason I. Powers, Jenny G. Garbe, Heidi M. Oehler, Michael W., Sr. Nett, Terry M. Baker, Dan L. TI Behavior of feral horses in response to culling and GnRH immunocontraception SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Equus caballus; Fertility control; Gonadotropin releasing hormone; Social behavior; Wild horse; Wildlife contraception ID EQUUS-FERUS-PRZEWALSKII; WHITE-TAILED DEER; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; FERTILITY-CONTROL; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; ESTROUS BEHAVIOR; HORMONE AGONIST; BODY CONDITION; MARES; VACCINE AB Wildlife management actions can alter fundamental behaviors of individuals and groups, which may directly impact their life history parameters in unforeseen ways. This is especially true for highly social animals because changes in one individual's behavior can cascade throughout its social network. When resources to support populations of social animals are limited and populations become locally overabundant, managers are faced with the daunting challenge of decreasing population size without disrupting core behavioral processes. Increasingly, managers are turning to fertility control technologies to supplement culling in efforts to suppress population growth, but little is quantitatively known about how either of these management tools affects behavior. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a small neuropeptide that performs an obligatory role in mammalian reproduction and has been formulated into the immunocontraceptive GonaCon-B (TM). We investigated the influences of this vaccine on behavior of feral horses (Equus caballus) at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, USA, for a year preceding and a year following nonlethal culling and GnRH-vaccine treatment. We observed horses during the breeding season and found only minimal differences in time budget behaviors of free-ranging female feral horses treated with GnRH and those treated with saline. The differences observed were consistent with the metabolic demands of pregnancy and lactation. We observed similar social behaviors between treatment groups, reflecting limited reproductive behavior among control females due to high rates of pregnancy and suppressed reproductive behavior among treated females due to GnRH-inhibited ovarian activity. In the treatment year, band stallion age was the only supported factor influencing herding behavior (P < 0.001), harem-tending behavior (P < 0.001), and agonistic behavior (P = 0.02). There was no difference between the mean body condition of control females (4.9 (95% CI = 4.7-5.1)) and treated females (4.8 (95% CI = 4.7-4.9)). Band fidelity among all females increased 25.7% in the year following vaccination and culling, despite the social perturbation associated with removal of conspecifics. Herding behavior by stallions decreased 50.7% following treatment and culling (P < 0.001), while harem-tending behavior increased 195.0% (P < 0.001). The amount of available forage influenced harem-tending, reproductive, and agonistic behavior in the year following culling and treatment (P < 0.04). These changes reflected the expected nexus between a species with polygynous social structure and strong group fidelity and the large instantaneous change in population density and demography coincident with culling. Behavioral responses to such perturbation may be synergistic in reducing grazing pressure by decreasing energetically expensive competitive behaviors, but further investigation is needed to explicitly test this hypothesis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ransom, Jason I.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Powers, Jenny G.] Natl Pk Serv, Biol Resource Management Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Garbe, Heidi M.; Nett, Terry M.; Baker, Dan L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oehler, Michael W., Sr.] Natl Pk Serv, Medora, ND 58645 USA. RP Ransom, JI (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jiransom.science@gmail.com FU Theodore Roosevelt National Park; Morris Animal Foundation; Merck-Merial Veterinary Scholars Program; U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center; National Park Service Biological Resource Management Division FX Special thanks to Lindsey Eby, Alanna Kirby, Al and Jennifer Schaeffer, Marylu and Henry Weber, and Jan Peterson for enduring the elements to collect these data. Kathy Fagerstone, James Gionfriddo, and Lowell Miller graciously provided GonaCon for treatments. Thanks to Valerie Naylor and Bill Whitworth for their support, assistance, and funding from Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Thanks to Alicia Niery for data entry assistance. This research was funded by the Morris Animal Foundation, Merck-Merial Veterinary Scholars Program, Theodore Roosevelt National Park, U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center, and the National Park Service Biological Resource Management Division. No agency administration or funding program had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 EI 1872-9045 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 157 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2014.05.002 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA AN1FS UT WOS:000340328700009 ER PT J AU Loman, ZG Riffell, SK Wheat, BR Miller, DA Martin, JA Vilella, FJ AF Loman, Zachary G. Riffell, Samuel K. Wheat, Bradley R. Miller, Darren A. Martin, James A. Vilella, Francisco J. TI Breeding bird community response to establishing intercropped switchgrass in intensively-managed pine stands SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuel feedstock production; Intensive forestry; Intercropping; Mississippi; Panicum virgaturn; Early successional habitat ID REED CANARY-GRASS; LAND-USE CHANGE; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; HARVESTING SWITCHGRASS; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SITE PREPARATION; UNITED-STATES AB Intercropping switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) between tree rows within young pine (Pinus spp.) plantations is a potential method to generate lignocellulosic biofuel feedstocks within intensively managed forests. Intensively managed pine supports a diverse avian assemblage potentially affected by establishment and maintenance of an annual biomass feed-stock via changes in plant communities, dead wood resources, and habitat structure. We sought to understand how establishing switchgrass on an operational scale affects bird communities within intercropped plantations as compared to typical intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forest. We conducted breeding bird point counts using distance sampling for three years (2011-2013) following establishment of intercropped switchgrass stands (6 replicates), traditionally-managed pine plantations, and switchgrass-only plots (0.1 km(2) minimum) in Kemper Co., MS. We detected 59 breeding bird species from 11,195 detections. Neotropical migrants and forest-edge associated species were less abundant in intercropped plots than controls the first two years after establishment and more abundant in year three. Short distance migrants and residents were scarce in intercropped and control plots initially, and did not differ between these two treatments in any year. Species associated with pine-grass habitat structure were less abundant initially in intercropped plots, but converged with pine controls in subsequent years. Switchgrass monocultures provided minimal resources for birds. If songbird conservation is a management priority, managers should consider potential reductions of some breeding birds for one to two years following intercropping. It is unclear how these relationships may change outside the breeding season and as stands age. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Loman, Zachary G.; Riffell, Samuel K.; Wheat, Bradley R.; Martin, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miller, Darren A.] Weyerhaeuser NR Co, Columbus, MS 39704 USA. [Vilella, Francisco J.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Loman, ZG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, POB 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM zloman@cfr.msstate.edu; sriffell@cfr.msstate.edu; brarwhea@gmail.com; darren.miller@weyerhaeusen.com; jmartin@cfr.msstate.edu; fvilella@cfr.msstate.edu FU Mississippi State University Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture; Forest and Wildlife Research Center; Catchlight Energy LLC; Weyerhaeuser Company under MSU [012847-001]; Department of Energy [DE-EE0009574]; Statement of Work as a Service Provider for Catchlight Energy LLC FX The authors thank Mississippi State University Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, the Forest and Wildlife Research Center, and Catchlight Energy LLC and Weyerhaeuser Company under MSU award number 012847-001, for financial and logistical support. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under award number DE-EE0009574. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. D. A. Miller provided support under a Statement of Work as a Service Provider for Catchlight Energy LLC during this research. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 67 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.05.001 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA AN1JX UT WOS:000340339700022 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Dummer, PM Custer, CM Franson, JC Jones, M AF Custer, Thomas W. Dummer, Paul M. Custer, Christine M. Franson, J. Christian Jones, Michael TI CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE OF BIRDS NESTING IN GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tree swallow; Double-crested cormorant; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Dioxins; Pesticides ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; LOWER FOX RIVER; ACCUMULATION; EGGS; SEDIMENT; PATTERNS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN; DISPOSITION; METABOLISM; PCBS AB In earlier studies, elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were reported in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings collected from lower Green Bay (WI, USA) in 1994 and 1995 and black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs collected in 1991. Comparable samples collected in 2010 and 2011 indicated that concentrations of PCBs were 35%, 62%, 70%, and 88% lower than in the early 1990s in tree swallow eggs, tree swallow nestlings, double-crested cormorant eggs, and black-crowned night-heron eggs, respectively; concentrations of DDE were 47%, 43%, 51%, and 80% lower, respectively. These declines are consistent with regional contaminant trends in other species. Concentrations of PCBs were higher in herring gull (Larus argentatus) than in black-crowned night-heron eggs collected from Green Bay in 2010; PCB concentrations in double-crested cormorant and tree swallow eggs were intermediate. The estimated toxicity of the PCB mixture in eggs of the insectivorous tree swallow was the equal to or greater than toxicity in the 3 piscivorous bird species. A multivariate analysis indicated that the composition percentage of lower-numbered PCB congeners was greater in eggs of the insectivorous tree swallow than in eggs of the 3 piscivorous species nesting in Green Bay. Dioxin and furan concentrations and the toxicity of these chemicals were also higher in tree swallows than these other waterbird species nesting in Green Bay. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33: 1832-1839. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the USA C1 [Custer, Thomas W.; Dummer, Paul M.; Custer, Christine M.] US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. [Jones, Michael] USDA, Waupun, WI USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tcuster@usgs.gov OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank D. Goldberg, A. Haertel, K. Mott, D. Ripp, J. TeSlaa, and M. Weber for field and data management assistance. We also thank the City of Green Bay for permission to erect nest boxes. The present study was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1832 EP 1839 DI 10.1002/etc.2609 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AN4DD UT WOS:000340536900022 PM 24733712 ER PT J AU Cavallin, JE Durhan, EJ Evans, N Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Kolpin, DW Kolodziej, EP Foreman, WT LaLone, CA Makynen, EA Seidl, SM Thomas, LM Villeneuve, DL Weberg, MA Wilson, VS Ankley, GT AF Cavallin, Jenna E. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Evans, Nicola Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Kolpin, Dana W. Kolodziej, Edward P. Foreman, William T. LaLone, Carlie A. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Seidl, Sara M. Thomas, Linnea M. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Weberg, Matthew A. Wilson, Vickie S. Ankley, Gerald T. TI INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF RUNOFF FROM LIVESTOCK FARMING OPERATIONS: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, IN VITRO BIOASSAYS, AND IN VIVO FISH EXPOSURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Complex mixture; Livestock operation; Fathead minnow; Gene expression; Steroid hormone ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TRENBOLONE ACETATE METABOLITES; FATHEAD MINNOW; CELL-LINE; STABLY EXPRESSES; ANIMAL MANURE; VITELLOGENIN; ESTROGENS; COMPENSATION; KETOCONAZOLE AB Animal waste from livestock farming operations can contain varying levels of natural and synthetic androgens and/or estrogens, which can contaminate surrounding waterways. In the present study, surface stream water was collected from 6 basins containing livestock farming operations. Aqueous concentrations of 12 hormones were determined via chemical analyses. Relative androgenic and estrogenic activity was measured using in vitro cell assays (MDA-kb2 and T47D-Kbluc assays, respectively). In parallel, 48-h static-renewal in vivo exposures were conducted to examine potential endocrine-disrupting effects in fathead minnows. Mature fish were exposed to surface water dilutions (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and 10-ng/L of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol or 50-ng/L of 17 beta-trenbolone as positive controls. Hepatic expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor a mRNA, gonadal ex vivo testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol production, and plasma vitellogenin concentrations were examined. Potentially estrogenic and androgenic steroids were detected at low nanogram per liter concentrations. In vitro estrogenic activity was detected in all samples, whereas androgenic activity was detected in only 1 sample. In vivo exposures to the surface water had no significant dose-dependent effect on any of the biological endpoints, with the exception of increased male testosterone production in 1 exposure. The present study, which combines analytical chemistry measurements, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures, highlights the integrated value and future use of a combination of techniques to obtain a comprehensive characterization of an environmental chemical mixture. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33: 1849-1857. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Cavallin, Jenna E.] US EPA, ORISE Res Participat Program, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; LaLone, Carlie A.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Seidl, Sara M.; Thomas, Linnea M.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Weberg, Matthew A.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. [Evans, Nicola; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Tox Assessment Div, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. [Kolodziej, Edward P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Foreman, William T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cavallin, JE (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE Res Participat Program, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div,Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM cavallin.jenna@epa.gov OI Kolodziej, Edward/0000-0002-7968-4198; Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1849 EP 1857 DI 10.1002/etc.2627 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AN4DD UT WOS:000340536900024 PM 24831736 ER PT J AU Franssen, NR Davis, JE Ryden, DW Gido, KB AF Franssen, Nathan R. Davis, Jason E. Ryden, Dale W. Gido, Keith B. TI Fish Community Responses to Mechanical Removal of - Nonnative Fishes in a Large Southwestern River SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SAN-JUAN RIVER; COLORADO RIVER; FRESH-WATER; CHANNEL CATFISH; NATIVE FISH; FLOW REGIME; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; RECOVERY; NORTH AB Establishment of nonnative fishes has contributed to the decline of native fishes worldwide. Efficacy of mechanical removal of nonnative fishes in large streams has been difficult to ascertain, and responses by native fishes after removal is equivocal. We summarize results of efforts on the San Juan River, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah, to suppress nonnative Channel Catfish and Common Carp densities through removal via electrofishing. We assessed spatial and temporal trends in the densities of abundant fishes in relation to removal of nonnative fishes. Common Carp densities declined river-wide after removal but Channel Catfish densities only decreased in upper reaches. Sources of Channel Catfish juveniles and barriers to nonnative fish movement likely influenced the effectiveness of removal. Responses of native fishes to removal were not evident in most species and size classes. Results show that nonnative removal can be partly successful, but the complexity of large river systems limited the ability to completely remove Channel Catfish and document a positive response of native fishes. Nevertheless, these removal efforts coincided with increasing numbers of endangered species through a stocking program. We suggest that continued monitoring and experimentation will help managers untangle the efficacy of the program and its benefits for native fishes. C1 [Franssen, Nathan R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Franssen, Nathan R.] Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Davis, Jason E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Ryden, Dale W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fisheries Project, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Gido, Keith B.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Franssen, NR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 167 Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM nrfranssen@gmail.com FU San Juan River Basin Recovery and Implementation Program FX Funding for this work was provided through authorizing legislation for the San Juan River Basin Recovery and Implementation Program and administered by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City, Utah. This article reflects the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2014 VL 39 IS 8 BP 352 EP 363 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.924409 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN2CE UT WOS:000340390200004 ER PT J AU Trushenski, JT Bowker, JD AF Trushenski, Jesse T. Bowker, James D. TI Q&A: Halamid (R) Aqua (Chloramine-T) Approved by FDA to Treat Fish Diseases-What It Means for Fisheries SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Trushenski, Jesse T.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Room 173, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2014 VL 39 IS 8 BP 378 EP 379 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.924929 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN2CE UT WOS:000340390200006 ER PT J AU Zipper, CE Beaty, B Johnson, GC Jones, JW Krstolic, JL Ostby, BJK Wolfe, WJ Donovan, P AF Zipper, Carl E. Beaty, Braven Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, Jess W. Krstolic, Jennifer Lynn Ostby, Brett J. K. Wolfe, William J. Donovan, Patricia TI FRESHWATER MUSSEL POPULATION STATUS AND HABITAT QUALITY IN THE CLINCH RIVER, VIRGINIA AND TENNESSEE, USA: A FEATURED COLLECTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecology; freshwater mussels; major ions; metals; water quality; water resources management ID CHRONIC TOXICITY; LIFE STAGES; ARTIFICIAL STREAMS; ZINC EXPOSURE; VILLOSA-IRIS; MAJOR IONS; UNIONIDAE; GLOCHIDIA; COPPER; SENSITIVITY AB The Clinch River of southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee is arguably the most important river for freshwater mussel conservation in the United States. This featured collection presents investigations of mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River. Analyses of historic water-and sediment-quality data suggest that water column ammonia and water column and sediment metals, including Cu and Zn, may have contributed historically to declining densities and extirpations of mussels in the river's Virginia sections. These studies also reveal increasing temporal trends for dissolved solids concentrations throughout much of the river's extent. Current mussel abundance patterns do not correspond spatially with physical habitat quality, but they do correspond with specific conductance, dissolved major ions, and water column metals, suggesting these and/or associated constituents as factors contributing to mussel declines. Mussels are sensitive to metals. Native mussels and hatchery-raised mussels held in cages in situ accumulated metals in their body tissues in river sections where mussels are declining. Organic compound and bed-sediment contaminant analyses did not reveal spatial correspondences with mussel status metrics, although potentially toxic levels were found. Collectively, these studies identify major ions and metals as water-and sediment-quality concerns for mussel conservation in the Clinch River. C1 [Zipper, Carl E.; Donovan, Patricia] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jones, Jess W.; Ostby, Brett J. K.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Beaty, Braven] Nature Conservancy, Clinch Valley Program, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. [Johnson, Gregory C.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Tech, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Krstolic, Jennifer Lynn] US Geol Survey, Virginia Water Sci Ctr, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. [Wolfe, William J.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. RP Zipper, CE (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 416 Smyth Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM czip@vt.edu OI Rapp, Jennifer/0000-0003-2253-9886 NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 807 EP 819 DI 10.1111/jawr.12220 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AN3DH UT WOS:000340464800001 ER PT J AU Jones, J Ahlstedt, S Ostby, B Beaty, B Pinder, M Eckert, N Butler, R Hubbs, D Walker, C Hanlon, S Schmerfeld, J Neves, R AF Jones, Jess Ahlstedt, Steven Ostby, Brett Beaty, Braven Pinder, Michael Eckert, Nathan Butler, Robert Hubbs, Don Walker, Craig Hanlon, Shane Schmerfeld, John Neves, Richard TI CLINCH RIVER FRESHWATER MUSSELS UPSTREAM OF NORRIS RESERVOIR, TENNESSEE AND VIRGINIA: A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT FROM 2004 TO 2009 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Clinch River; biodiversity hotspot; freshwater mussels; endangered species; mussel population declines AB The Clinch River is located in northeastern Tennessee (TN) and southwestern Virginia (VA) of the United States, and contains a diverse mussel assemblage of 46 extant species, including 20 species listed as federally endangered. To facilitate quantitative monitoring of the fauna, quadrat data were collected from 2004 to 2009 at 18 sites in the river, including 12 sites in TN and 6 sites in VA. Thirty-eight mussel species were collected alive in total from quadrat samples taken annually at sites in the TN section of the river. Over the five-year study period, mussel density averaged 25.5 m(-2) at all sites sampled in TN. In contrast, mussel density averaged only 3.1 m(-2) at sites sampled in VA. The best historical site in VA was Pendleton Island in Scott County, where mussel density was estimated as high as 25 m(-2) in 1979, comparable to current densities recorded in TN. Mussel densities are now <1 m(-2), indicating a collapse of the fauna. A severe reduction in mussel abundance has occurred in a 68-km section of the river from St. Paul, VA, downstream to approximately Clinchport, VA (river kilometers 411.5-343.3). While the environmental factors responsible for the faunal decline are largely unknown, they must have been severe and sustained to reduce such large populations to their current low levels. Long-term water and habitat quality monitoring is needed to determine whether environmental degradation is still occurring in the river. C1 [Jones, Jess] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ahlstedt, Steven] US Geol Survey, Norris, TN 37828 USA. [Ostby, Brett] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Beaty, Braven] Nature Conservancy, Clinch Valley Program, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. [Pinder, Michael] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Eckert, Nathan] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Aquat Wildlife Conservat Ctr, Marion, VA 24354 USA. [Butler, Robert] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Hubbs, Don] Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Camden, TN 38320 USA. [Walker, Craig] US Off Surface Min & Reclamat, Pittsburgh, PA 15220 USA. [Hanlon, Shane] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. [Schmerfeld, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Neves, Richard] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jones, J (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, 106a Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jess_jones@fws.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 820 EP 836 DI 10.1111/jawr.12222 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AN3DH UT WOS:000340464800002 ER PT J AU Price, JE Zipper, CE Jones, JW Franck, CT AF Price, Jennifer E. Zipper, Carl E. Jones, Jess W. Franck, Christopher T. TI WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY IN THE CLINCH RIVER, VIRGINIA AND TENNESSEE, USA, OVER NEARLY FIVE DECADES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE rivers/streams; water quality; metals; nutrients; dissolved solids; freshwater mussels ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; FRESH-WATER; UNITED-STATES; MUSSELS UNIONIDAE; LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; CHRONIC TOXICITY; SURFACE WATERS; AQUATIC BIOTA; MID-ATLANTIC AB The Clinch River, in eastern United States, supports a diverse freshwater fauna including endangered mussels. Although mussel populations are stable in the Clinch's northeastern Tennessee segment, long-term declines have been documented upstream in Virginia. We analyzed water and sediment quality data collected by government agencies from the 1960s through 2013 in an effort to inform current management. The river was divided into sections considering data availability and major tributaries. We tested for spatial differences among river sections and for temporal trends, and compared measured values to potentially protective levels if available. Ammonia concentrations approaching and exceeding protective levels were recorded, most often during the 1970s and 1980s in upstream sections. Sediment metals occurred at levels potentially causing biological effects, mainly during the 1980s and 1990s. In the 2000s, water-column metals have been well below protective levels for general aquatic life. Dissolved solids (DS) increased in most river sections over the study period but mussel-specific protective levels are not known. Analysis of water pH, total N, and total P did not generate conservation concern. Enhanced monitoring for sediment metals, water-column metals, and ionic composition of DS; closer alignment of agency water monitoring practices in the two states; and research to determine biological effects of DS at current and anticipated levels can aid future conservation management. C1 [Price, Jennifer E.] Longwood Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Farmville, VA 23909 USA. [Zipper, Carl E.] Virginia Polytech & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Franck, Christopher T.] Virginia Polytech & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Polytech & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Polytech & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Price, JE (reprint author), Longwood Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Farmville, VA 23909 USA. EM czip@vt.edu FU U.S. Office of Surface Mining; Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy; USEPA, Regions 3 and 4; USEPA FX The authors express sincere thanks to the following for providing funding for the study: U.S. Office of Surface Mining; Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy; USEPA, Regions 3 and 4. Thanks to Brad Kreps and Braven Beaty, The Nature Conservancy, and other members of the Clinch-Powell Clean Rivers Initiative Steering Committee for efforts to arrange the funding. Also, sincere thanks to personnel at U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service who assisted in managing the funding provided by USEPA for this research. Thanks also to Roger Stewart, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, and to Bev Brown, Tennessee Department of Environmental Conservation, for providing data and other assistance. Thanks to Patricia Donovan, Virginia Tech, for mapping graphics. Thanks to Braven Beaty, The Nature Conservancy, for his advice and guidance. The views expressed in this article are the authors' and do not necessarily represent those of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 82 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 837 EP 858 DI 10.1111/jawr.12219 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AN3DH UT WOS:000340464800003 ER PT J AU Ostby, BJK Krstolic, JL Johnson, GC AF Ostby, Brett J. K. Krstolic, Jennifer L. Johnson, Gregory C. TI REACH-SCALE COMPARISON OF HABITAT AND MOLLUSK ASSEMBLAGES FOR SELECT SITES IN THE CLINCH RIVER WITH REGIONAL CONTEXT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; invertebrates; environmental impacts; environmental indicators; rivers/streams; geomorphology; aquatic ecology; shear stress; habitat ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; UNIONID MUSSELS; REGULATED RIVERS; MICROHABITAT USE; STREAM; BIVALVIA; ABUNDANCE; USA AB Several hypotheses, including habitat degradation and variation in fluvial geomorphology, have been posed to explain extreme spatial and temporal variation in Clinch River mollusk assemblages. We examined associations between mollusk assemblage metrics (richness, abundance, recruitment) and physical habitat (geomorphology, streambed composition, fish habitat, and riparian condition) at 10 sites selected to represent the range of current assemblage condition in the Clinch River. We compared similar geomorphological units among reaches, employing semi-quantitative and quantitative protocols to characterize mollusk assemblages and a mix of visual assessments and empirical measurements to characterize physical habitat. We found little to no evidence that current assemblage condition was associated with 54 analyzed habitat metrics. When compared to other sites in the Upper Tennessee River Basin (UTRB) that once supported or currently support mollusk assemblages, Clinch River sites were more similar to each other, representing a narrower range of conditions than observed across the larger geographic extent of the UTRB. A post-hoc analysis suggested stream size and average boundary shear stress at bankfull stage may have historically limited species richness in the UTRB (p < 0.001). Associations between mollusk assemblages and physical habitat in the UTRB and Clinch River currently appear obscured by other factors limiting richness, abundance, and recruitment. C1 [Ostby, Brett J. K.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Krstolic, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Water Sci Ctr, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. [Johnson, Gregory C.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. RP Ostby, BJK (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Cheatham Hall,RM100,310 West Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM bostby@vt.edu OI Rapp, Jennifer/0000-0003-2253-9886 FU USGS; TVA; Clinch Powell Clean River Initiative Group; Paul Angermeier of the USGS Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Virginia Tech FX We would like to thank USGS for funding the collection of the ERIC dataset and TVA for funding the collection of the UTRB dataset. We were assisted in the field by staff and students affiliated with the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center at Virginia Tech, including Tim Lane, Caitlin Carey, Matt Johnson, Austin Wray, Jake Carter, Matt Bierlein, Phil Lung, Martha Haglund, and Drew Reynolds. Braven Beaty of The Nature Conservancy contributed in the field and as a technical advisor. This work would not have been possible without the support of the Clinch Powell Clean River Initiative Group, Paul Angermeier of the USGS Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Virginia Tech, Charlie Saylor (TVA), and Steve Ahlstedt (USGS retired). We also thank our USGS and anonymous JAWRA reviewers for improving this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 859 EP 877 DI 10.1111/jawr.12218 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AN3DH UT WOS:000340464800004 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Krstolic, JL Ostby, BJK AF Johnson, Gregory C. Krstolic, Jennifer L. Ostby, Brett J. K. TI INFLUENCES OF WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY AND HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES ON MUSSELS IN THE CLINCH RIVER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecology; monitoring; environmental indicators; sediment; metals; biogeochemistry ID LIFE STAGES; LAND-USE; INVERTEBRATES; SENSITIVITY; UNIONOIDA; TENNESSEE; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; DECLINE; USA AB Segments of the Clinch River in Virginia have experienced declining freshwater mussel populations during the past 40 years, while other segments of the river continue to support some of the richest mussel communities in the country. The close proximity of these contrasting reaches provides a study area where differences in climate, hydrology, and historic mussel distribution are minimal. The USGS conducted a study between 2009 and 2011 to evaluate possible causes of the mussel declines. Evaluation of mussel habitat showed no differences in physical habitat quality, leaving water and sediment quality as possible causes for declines. Three years of continuous water-quality data showed higher turbidity and specific conductance in the reaches with low-quality mussel assemblages compared to reaches with high-quality mussel assemblages. Discrete water-quality samples showed higher major ions and metals concentrations in the low-quality reach. Base-flow samples contained high major ion and metal concentrations coincident to low-quality mussel populations. These results support a conceptual model of dilution and augmentation where increased concentrations of major ions and other dissolved constituents from mined tributaries result in reaches with declining mussel populations. Tributaries from unmined basins provide water with low concentrations of dissolved constituents, diluting reaches of the Clinch River where high-quality mussel populations occur. C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. [Krstolic, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Water Sci Ctr, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. [Ostby, Brett J. K.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, 3231 Middlebrook Pike, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. EM gcjohnso@usgs.gov OI Rapp, Jennifer/0000-0003-2253-9886 FU Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation; Nature Conservancy; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Clinch Powell Clean River Initiative Group; USGS FX We would like to thank the following organizations for support of this study through collaboration, funding, and assistance: the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Clinch Powell Clean River Initiative Group, and various USGS funding sources. We value the interdisciplinary interactions with researchers in the USGS Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Virginia Tech, the USGS Eastern Energy Environmental Laboratory in Reston, Virginia, and the USGS Central Energy Resources Science Center in Denver, Colorado. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 878 EP 897 DI 10.1111/jawr.12221 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AN3DH UT WOS:000340464800005 ER PT J AU Robertson, DM Saad, DA Schwarz, GE AF Robertson, Dale M. Saad, David A. Schwarz, Gregory E. TI SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN NUTRIENT TRANSPORT BY HUC8, STATE, AND SUBBASIN BASED ON MISSISSIPPI/ATCHAFALAYA RIVER BASIN SPARROW MODELS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE SPARROW; watershed modeling; nutrients; loading; ranking; prioritizing ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN DELIVERY; LOADS; PHOSPHORUS; STREAMS; YIELDS AB Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) has been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. With geospatial datasets for 2002, including inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and monitored loads throughout the MARB, SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) watershed models were constructed specifically for the MARB, which reduced simulation errors from previous models. Based on these models, N loads/yields were highest from the central part (centered over Iowa and Indiana) of the MARB (Corn Belt), and the highest P yields were scattered throughout the MARB. Spatial differences in yields from previous studies resulted from different descriptions of the dominant sources (N yields are highest with crop-oriented agriculture and P yields are highest with crop and animal agriculture and major WWTPs) and different descriptions of downstream transport. Delivered loads/yields from the MARB SPARROW models are used to rank subbasins, states, and eight-digit Hydrologic Unit Code basins (HUC8s) by N and P contributions and then rankings are compared with those from other studies. Changes in delivered yields result in an average absolute change of 1.3 (N) and 1.9 (P) places in state ranking and 41 (N) and 69 (P) places in HUC8 ranking from those made with previous national-scale SPARROW models. This information may help managers decide where efforts could have the largest effects (highest ranked areas) and thus reduce hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Robertson, Dale M.; Saad, David A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin WSC, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Schwarz, Gregory E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin WSC, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM dzrobert@usgs.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 988 EP 1009 DI 10.1111/jawr.12153 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AN3DH UT WOS:000340464800012 ER PT J AU Akob, DM Bohu, T Beyer, A Schaffner, F Handel, M Johnson, CA Merten, D Buchel, G Totsche, KU Kusel, K AF Akob, Denise M. Bohu, Tsing Beyer, Andrea Schaeffner, Franziska Handel, Matthias Johnson, Carol A. Merten, Dirk Buechel, Georg Totsche, Kai Uwe Kuesel, Kirsten TI Identification of Mn(II)-Oxidizing Bacteria from a Low-pH Contaminated Former Uranium Mine SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOGENIC MANGANESE OXIDES; SP NOV.; RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION; CULTURABLE BACTERIA; METAL RESISTANCE; OXIDATION; IRON; REDUCTION; SOILS; MICROORGANISMS AB Biological Mn oxidation is responsible for producing highly reactive and abundant Mn oxide phases in the environment that can mitigate metal contamination. However, little is known about Mn oxidation in low-pH environments, where metal contamination often is a problem as the result of mining activities. We isolated two Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) at pH 5.5 (Duganella isolate AB_14 and Albidiferax isolate TB-2) and nine strains at pH 7 from a former uranium mining site. Isolate TB-2 may contribute to Mn oxidation in the acidic Mn-rich subsoil, as a closely related clone represented 16% of the total community. All isolates oxidized Mn over a small pH range, and isolates from low-pH samples only oxidized Mn below pH 6. Two strains with different pH optima differed in their Fe requirements for Mn oxidation, suggesting that Mn oxidation by the strain found at neutral pH was linked to Fe oxidation. Isolates tolerated Ni, Cu, and Cd and produced Mn oxides with similarities to todorokite and birnessite, with the latter being present in subsurface layers where metal enrichment was associated with Mn oxides. This demonstrates that MOB can be involved in the formation of biogenic Mn oxides in both moderately acidic and neutral pH environments. C1 [Akob, Denise M.; Bohu, Tsing; Beyer, Andrea; Kuesel, Kirsten] Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Jena, Germany. [Akob, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Schaeffner, Franziska; Handel, Matthias; Merten, Dirk; Buechel, Georg; Totsche, Kai Uwe] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, Jena, Germany. [Johnson, Carol A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Kuesel, Kirsten] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. RP Akob, DM (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Jena, Germany. EM dakob@usgs.gov RI iDiv, Deutsches Zentrum/B-5164-2016; Totsche, Kai/E-2086-2013; OI Totsche, Kai/0000-0002-2692-213X; Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [GRK 1257] FX We also thank the German Science Foundation (DFG GRK 1257) for funding. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 57 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 80 IS 16 BP 5086 EP 5097 DI 10.1128/AEM.01296-14 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AM7IC UT WOS:000340038400033 PM 24928873 ER PT J AU Wood, N Ratliff, J Schelling, J Weaver, C AF Wood, Nathan Ratliff, Jamie Schelling, John Weaver, Craig TI Comparing population exposure to multiple Washington earthquake scenarios for prioritizing loss estimation studies SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Earthquake; Hazards; Washington; Population; Modified Mercalli Intensity ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MODEL AB Scenario-based, loss-estimation studies are useful for gaging potential societal impacts from earthquakes but can be challenging to undertake in areas with multiple scenarios and jurisdictions. We present a geospatial approach using various population data for comparing earthquake scenarios and jurisdictions to help emergency managers prioritize where to focus limited resources on data development and loss-estimation studies. Using 20 earthquake scenarios developed for the State of Washington (USA), we demonstrate how a population-exposure analysis across multiple jurisdictions based on Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) classes helps emergency managers understand and communicate where potential loss of life may be concentrated and where impacts may be more related to quality of life. Results indicate that certain well-known scenarios may directly impact the greatest number of people, whereas other, potentially lesser-known, scenarios impact fewer people but consequences could be more severe. The use of economic data to profile each jurisdiction's workforce in earthquake hazard zones also provides additional insight on at-risk populations. This approach can serve as a first step in understanding societal impacts of earthquakes and helping practitioners to efficiently use their limited risk-reduction resources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Wood, Nathan] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Ratliff, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schelling, John] State Washington Mil Dept, Emergency Management Div, Camp Murray, WA 98430 USA. [Weaver, Craig] Univ Washington, Earthquake Hazards Program, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wood, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; jratliff@usgs.gov; John.Schelling@mil.wa.gov; craig@usgs.gov OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 52 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.05.013 PG 13 WC Geography SC Geography GA AM9TW UT WOS:000340224900019 ER PT J AU Beatty, WS Kesler, DC Webb, EB Raedeke, AH Naylor, LW Humburg, DD AF Beatty, William S. Kesler, Dylan C. Webb, Elisabeth B. Raedeke, Andrew H. Naylor, Luke W. Humburg, Dale D. TI The role of protected area wetlands in waterfowl habitat conservation: Implications for protected area network design SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; Conservation behavior; Dabbling duck; Mallard; Resource selection; Use-availability design ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; WILDLIFE-REFUGE SYSTEM; RESERVE PROGRAM EASEMENTS; FEMALE MALLARDS; SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; NORTHERN PINTAILS; SPRING-MIGRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The principal goal of protected area networks is biodiversity preservation, but efficacy of such networks is directly linked to animal movement within and outside area boundaries. We examined wetland selection patterns of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) during non-breeding periods from 2010 to 2012 to evaluate the utility of protected areas to migratory waterfowl in North America. We tracked 33 adult females using global positioning system (GPS) satellite transmitters and implemented a use-availability resource selection design to examine mallard use of wetlands under varying degrees of protection. Specifically, we examined effects of proximities to National Wildlife Refuges, private land, state wildlife management areas, Wetland Reserve Program easements (WRP), and waterfowl sanctuaries on mallard wetland selection. In addition, we included landscape-level variables that measured areas of sanctuary and WRP within the surrounding landscape of each used and available wetland. We developed 8 wetland selection models according to season (autumn migration, winter, spring migration), hunting season (present, absent), and time period (diurnal, nocturnal). Model averaged parameter estimates indicated wetland selection patterns varied across seasons and time periods, but ducks consistently selected wetlands with greater areas of sanctuary and WRP in the surrounding landscape. Consequently, WRP has the potential to supplement protected area networks in the midcontinent region. Additionally, seasonal variation in wetland selection patterns indicated considering the effects of habitat management and anthropogenic disturbances on migratory waterfowl during the non-breeding period is essential in designing protected area networks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beatty, William S.; Kesler, Dylan C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Webb, Elisabeth B.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Raedeke, Andrew H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Naylor, Luke W.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Humburg, Dale D.] Ducks Unltd, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. RP Beatty, WS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM w_beatty@hotmail.com; keslerd@missouri.edu; webbli@missouri.edu; Andrew.Raedeke@mdc.mo.gov; lwnaylor@agfc.state.ar.us; dhumburg@ducks.org OI Beatty, William/0000-0003-0013-3113 FU Natural Resource Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project [68-3A75-11-39]; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; Missouri Department of Conservation; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; Ducks Unlimited Canada FX The Natural Resource Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project provided funding for this project under grant 68-3A75-11-39. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Missouri Department of Conservation, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., and Ducks Unlimited Canada also provided additional financial and/or logistical support. We thank K. Gardner, R. Theis, J.P. Fairhead, J. Jackson, G. Dunklin, J. Pagan, R. Malecki and D. Kostersky for their contributions to capture and handling of birds. We also thank J. Stafford, A. Janke, H. Hagy and three anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 125 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.05.018 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM9TI UT WOS:000340223500016 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Crimmins, SM Pearce, J AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Crimmins, Shawn M. Pearce, Jennie TI Prioritizing bird conservation actions in the Prairie Hardwood transition of the Midwestern United States SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Conservation conflicts; Conservation design; Conservation planning; Oak savanna; Strategic habitat conservation ID POPULATION VIABILITY MODELS; SPATIAL COUNT MODEL; CERULEAN WARBLERS; AVIAN ABUNDANCE; GRASSLAND BIRDS; SURVEY ROUTES; LANDSCAPE; ALGORITHMS; DESIGN; REGION AB Large-scale planning for the conservation of species is often hindered by a poor understanding of factors limiting populations. In regions with declining wildlife populations, it is critical that objective metrics of conservation success are developed to ensure that conservation actions achieve desired results. Using spatially explicit estimates of bird abundance, we evaluated several management alternatives for conserving bird populations in the Prairie Hardwood Transition of the United States. We designed landscapes conserving species at 50% of their current predicted abundance as well as landscapes attempting to achieve species population targets (which often required the doubling of current abundance). Conserving species at reduced (half of current) abundance led to few conservation conflicts. However, because of extensive modification of the landscape to suit human use, strategies for achieving regional population targets for forest bird species would be difficult under even ideal circumstances, and even more so if maintenance of grassland bird populations is also desired. Our results indicated that large-scale restoration of agricultural lands to native grassland and forest habitats may be the most productive conservation action for increasing bird population sizes but the level of landscape transition required to approach target bird population sizes may be societally unacceptable. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Crimmins, Shawn M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Pearce, Jennie] Pearce & Associates Ecol Res, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 0E8, Canada. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 176 BP 212 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.06.002 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM9TI UT WOS:000340223500024 ER PT J AU Rick, TC Sillett, TS Ghalambor, CK Hofman, CA Ralls, K Anderson, RS Boser, CL Braje, TJ Cayan, DR Chesser, RT Collins, PW Erlandson, JM Faulkner, KR Fleischer, R Funk, WC Galipeau, R Huston, A King, J Laughrin, L Maldonado, J McEachern, K Muhs, DR Newsome, SD Reeder-Myers, L Still, C Morrison, SA AF Rick, Torben C. Sillett, T. Scott Ghalambor, Cameron K. Hofman, Courtney A. Ralls, Katherine Anderson, R. Scott Boser, Christina L. Braje, Todd J. Cayan, Daniel R. Chesser, R. Terry Collins, Paul W. Erlandson, Jon M. Faulkner, Kate R. Fleischer, Robert Funk, W. Chris Galipeau, Russell Huston, Ann King, Julie Laughrin, Lyndal Maldonado, Jesus McEachern, Kathryn Muhs, Daniel R. Newsome, Seth D. Reeder-Myers, Leslie Still, Christopher Morrison, Scott A. TI Ecological Change on California's Channel Islands from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conservation; historical ecology; novel ecosystems; restoration ID SANTA-CRUZ ISLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; ROSA ISLAND; CONSERVATION; ARCHAEOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Historical ecology is becoming an important focus in conservation biology and offers a promising tool to help guide ecosystem management. Here, we integrate data from multiple disciplines to illuminate the past, present, and future of biodiversity on California's Channel Islands, an archipelago that has undergone a wide range of land-use and ecological changes. Our analysis spans approximately 20,000 years, from before human occupation and through Native American hunter-gatherers, commercial ranchers and fishers, the US military, and other land managers. We demonstrate how long-term, interdisciplinary research provides insight into conservation decisions, such as setting ecosystem restoration goals, preserving rare and endemic taxa, and reducing the impacts of climate change on natural and cultural resources. We illustrate the importance of historical perspectives for understanding modern patterns and ecological change and present an approach that can be applied generally in conservation management planning. C1 [Rick, Torben C.; Hofman, Courtney A.; Reeder-Myers, Leslie] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Program Human Ecol & Archaeobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Hofman, Courtney A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anthropol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hofman, Courtney A.; Ralls, Katherine; Fleischer, Robert; Maldonado, Jesus] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Maldonado, Jesus] NMNH, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC USA. [Sillett, T. Scott] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA USA. [Ghalambor, Cameron K.; Funk, W. Chris] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Boser, Christina L.; Morrison, Scott A.] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA USA. [Braje, Todd J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Anthropol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Chesser, R. Terry] NMNH, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Collins, Paul W.] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Faulkner, Kate R.; Galipeau, Russell; Huston, Ann] Channel Islands Natl Pk, Ventura, CA USA. [King, Julie] Catalina Isl Conservancy, Avalon, CA USA. [Laughrin, Lyndal] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Island Reserve, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McEachern, Kathryn] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Islands Field Stn, Ventura, CA USA. [Muhs, Daniel R.] USGS Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Still, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rick, TC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Program Human Ecol & Archaeobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM rickt@si.edu OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 32 U2 173 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2014 VL 64 IS 8 BP 680 EP 692 DI 10.1093/biosci/biu094 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AM6PV UT WOS:000339988000006 ER PT J AU Bell, DM Bradford, JB Lauenroth, WK AF Bell, David M. Bradford, John B. Lauenroth, William K. TI Forest stand structure, productivity, and age mediate climatic effects on aspen decline SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate effects; drought; Forest Inventory and Analysis; forest stand structure; mortality; Populus tremuloides; quaking aspen; Rocky Mountain West; sudden aspen decline; United States ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; QUAKING ASPEN; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; PONDEROSA PINE; DIE-OFF; MORTALITY; DROUGHT; LANDSCAPE; COLORADO; CARBON AB Because forest stand structure, age, and productivity can mediate the impacts of climate on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) mortality, ignoring stand-scale factors limits. inference on the drivers of recent sudden aspen decline. Using the proportion of aspen trees that were dead as an index of recent mortality at 841 forest inventory plots, we examined the relationship of this mortality index to forest structure and climate in the Rocky Mountains and Intermountain Western United States. We found that forest structure explained most of the patterns in mortality indices, but that variation in growing-season vapor pressure deficit and winter precipitation over the last 20 years was important. Mortality index sensitivity to precipitation was highest in forests where aspen exhibited high densities, relative basal areas, quadratic mean diameters, and productivities, whereas sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit was highest in young forest stands. These results indicate that the effects of drought on mortality may be mediated by forest stand development, competition with encroaching conifers, and physiological vulnerabilities of large trees to drought. By examining mortality index responses to both forest structure and climate, we show that forest succession cannot be ignored in studies attempting to understand the causes and consequences of sudden aspen decline. C1 [Bell, David M.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Bell, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dmbell@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; OI Bell, David/0000-0002-2673-5836 FU University of Wyoming; U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center [G11AC20366]; NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology [1202800] FX Funding for this work was provided by the University of Wyoming and the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center via cooperative agreement #G11AC20366 and the NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology #1202800. The manuscript was improved by comments from three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 67 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2014 VL 95 IS 8 BP 2040 EP 2046 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM9QK UT WOS:000340215900002 PM 25230455 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RE Andrefouet, S Cohen, WB Gomez, C Griffiths, P Hais, M Healey, SP Helmer, EH Hostert, P Lyons, MB Meigs, GW Pflugmacher, D Phinn, SR Powell, SL Scarth, P Sen, S Schroeder, TA Schneider, A Sonnenschein, R Vogelmann, JE Wulder, MA Zhu, Z AF Kennedy, Robert E. Andrefouet, Serge Cohen, Warren B. Gomez, Cristina Griffiths, Patrick Hais, Martin Healey, Sean P. Helmer, Eileen H. Hostert, Patrick Lyons, Mitchell B. Meigs, Garrett W. Pflugmacher, Dirk Phinn, Stuart R. Powell, Scott L. Scarth, Peter Sen, Susmita Schroeder, Todd A. Schneider, Annemarie Sonnenschein, Ruth Vogelmann, James E. Wulder, Michael A. Zhu, Zhe TI Bringing an ecological view of change to Landsat-based remote sensing SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID TIME-SERIES; FOREST DISTURBANCE; COVER CHANGE; TREND ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM; IMAGERY; SURFACE; AREA; SATELLITE; HABITAT AB When characterizing the processes that shape ecosystems, ecologists increasingly use the unique perspective offered by repeat observations of remotely sensed imagery. However, the concept of change embodied in much of the traditional remote-sensing literature was primarily limited to capturing large or extreme changes occurring in natural systems, omitting many more subtle processes of interest to ecologists. Recent technical advances have led to a fundamental shift toward an ecological view of change. Although this conceptual shift began with coarser-scale global imagery, it has now reached users of Landsat imagery, since these datasets have temporal and spatial characteristics appropriate to many ecological questions. We argue that this ecologically relevant perspective of change allows the novel characterization of important dynamic processes, including disturbances, long-term trends, cyclical functions, and feedbacks, and that these improvements are already facilitating our understanding of critical driving forces, such as climate change, ecological interactions, and economic pressures. C1 [Kennedy, Robert E.; Zhu, Zhe] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Andrefouet, Serge] Inst Rech Dev, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Cohen, Warren B.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Gomez, Cristina] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Griffiths, Patrick; Hostert, Patrick; Pflugmacher, Dirk] Humboldt Univ, Dept Geog, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Hais, Martin] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Dept Ecosyst Biol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Healey, Sean P.; Schroeder, Todd A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT USA. [Helmer, Eileen H.] USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. [Lyons, Mitchell B.] Univ New S Wales, Ctr Ecosyst Sci, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. [Lyons, Mitchell B.; Phinn, Stuart R.; Scarth, Peter] Univ Queensland, Joint Remote Sensing Res Program, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Meigs, Garrett W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Powell, Scott L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Sen, Susmita] Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Schneider, Annemarie] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI USA. [Sonnenschein, Ruth] Inst Appl Remote Sensing, EURAC, Bozen Bolzano, Italy. [Vogelmann, James E.] USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Wulder, Michael A.] Nat Resources Canada, Pacif Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Kennedy, RE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM kennedyr@bu.edu RI Griffiths, Patrick/O-4628-2014; Zhu, Zhe/K-3518-2015; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016; Gomez, Cristina/S-8139-2016; OI Griffiths, Patrick/0000-0002-8839-9022; Zhu, Zhe/0000-0001-8283-6407; Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896; Gomez, Cristina/0000-0002-2756-0863; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 NR 56 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 19 U2 86 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 12 IS 6 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1890/130066 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM7XY UT WOS:000340083200016 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Randolph-Flagg, NG Gelwick, KD Lundstrom, EA Crankshaw, IM Murveit, AM Schmidt, ME Bergfeld, D Spicer, KR Tucker, DS Mariner, RH Evans, WC AF Ingebritsen, S. E. Randolph-Flagg, N. G. Gelwick, K. D. Lundstrom, E. A. Crankshaw, I. M. Murveit, A. M. Schmidt, M. E. Bergfeld, D. Spicer, K. R. Tucker, D. S. Mariner, R. H. Evans, W. C. TI Hydrothermal monitoring in a quiescent volcanic arc: Cascade Range, northwestern United States SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE heat flow; hydrothermal; noble gases; seismicity; volcano monitoring ID SPRING-DOMINATED STREAMS; HELIUM EMISSIONS; OREGON CASCADES; CAMPI-FLEGREI; NATIONAL-PARK; NOBLE-GASES; 3 SISTERS; CALIFORNIA; UNREST; USA AB Ongoing (1996-present) volcanic unrest near South Sister, Oregon, is accompanied by a striking set of hydrothermal anomalies, including elevated temperatures, elevated major ion concentrations, and He-3/He-4 ratios as large as 8.6 R-A in slightly thermal springs. These observations prompted the US Geological Survey to begin a systematic hydrothermal-monitoring effort encompassing 25 sites and 10 of the highest-risk volcanoes in the Cascade volcanic arc, from Mount Baker near the Canadian border to Lassen Peak in northern California. A concerted effort was made to develop hourly, multiyear records of temperature and/or hydrothermal solute flux, suitable for retrospective comparison with other continuous geophysical monitoring data. Targets included summit fumarole groups and springs/streams that show clear evidence of magmatic influence in the form of high He-3/He-4 ratios and/or anomalous fluxes of magmatic CO2 or heat. As of 2009-2012, summit fumarole temperatures in the Cascade Range were generally near or below the local pure water boiling point; the maximum observed superheat was <2.5 degrees C at Mount Baker. Variability in ground temperature records from the summit fumarole sites is temperature-dependent, with the hottest sites tending to show less variability. Seasonal variability in the hydrothermal solute flux from magmatically influenced springs varied from essentially undetectable to a factor of 5-10. This range of observed behavior owes mainly to the local climate regime, with strongly snow-melt-influenced springs and streams exhibiting more variability. As of the end of the 2012 field season, there had been 87 occurrences of local seismic energy densities approximately >= 0.001 J/m(3) during periods of hourly record. Hydrothermal responses to these small seismic stimuli were generally undetectable or ambiguous. Evaluation of multiyear to multidecadal trends indicates that whereas the hydrothermal system at Mount St. Helens is still fast-evolving in response to the 1980-present eruptive cycle, there is no clear evidence of ongoing long-term trends in hydrothermal activity at other Cascade Range volcanoes that have been active or restless during the past century (Baker, South Sister, and Lassen). Experience gained during the Cascade Range hydrothermal-monitoring experiment informs ongoing efforts to capture entire unrest cycles at more active but generally less accessible volcanoes such as those in the Aleutian arc. C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.; Randolph-Flagg, N. G.; Gelwick, K. D.; Lundstrom, E. A.; Crankshaw, I. M.; Murveit, A. M.; Schmidt, M. E.; Bergfeld, D.; Mariner, R. H.; Evans, W. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Randolph-Flagg, N. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gelwick, K. D.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Lundstrom, E. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Crankshaw, I. M.] Carleton Coll, Dept Geol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Murveit, A. M.] Whitman Coll, Dept Geol, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Schmidt, M. E.] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Spicer, K. R.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Tucker, D. S.] Mt Baker Volcano Res Ctr, Bellingham, WA USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov OI Randolph-Flagg, Noah/0000-0001-7401-6636 NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1468-8115 EI 1468-8123 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD AUG PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 BP 326 EP 346 DI 10.1111/gfl.12079 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA AM8AB UT WOS:000340089600005 ER PT J AU Walton, MAL Gulick, SPS Reece, RS Barth, GA Christeson, GL Van Avendonk, HJA AF Walton, Maureen A. L. Gulick, Sean P. S. Reece, Robert S. Barth, Ginger A. Christeson, Gail L. Van Avendonk, Harm J. A. TI Dynamic response to strike-slip tectonic control on the deposition and evolution of the Baranof Fan, Gulf of Alaska SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ALEUTIAN ABYSSAL-PLAIN; WESTERN BARENTS SEA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEDIMENT WAVES; CHANNEL; MARGIN; PACIFIC; EROSION; SYSTEM; AMAZON AB The Baranof Fan is one of three large deep-sea fans in the Gulf of Alaska, and is a key component in understanding large-scale erosion and sedimentation patterns for southeast Alaska and western Canada. We integrate new and existing seismic reflection profiles to provide new constraints on the Baranof Fan area, geometry, volume, and channel development. We estimate the fan's area and total sediment volume to be similar to 323,000 km(2) and similar to 301,000 km(3), respectively, making it among the largest deep-sea fans in the world. We show that the Baranof Fan consists of channel-levee deposits from at least three distinct aggradational channel systems: the currently active Horizon and Mukluk channels, and the waning system we call the Baranof channel. The oldest sedimentary deposits are in the northern fan, and the youngest deposits at the fan's southern extent; in addition, the channels seem to avulse southward consistently through time. We suggest that Baranof Fan sediment is sourced from the Coast Mountains in southeastern Alaska, transported offshore most recently via fjord to glacial sea valley conduits. Because of the translation of the Pacific plate northwest past sediment sources on the North American plate along the Queen Charlotte strike-slip fault, we suggest that new channel formation, channel beheadings, and southward-migrating channel avulsions have been influenced by regional tectonics. Using a simplified tectonic reconstruction assuming a constant Pacific plate motion of 4.4 cm/yr, we estimate that Baranof Fan deposition initiated ca. 7 Ma. C1 [Walton, Maureen A. L.; Gulick, Sean P. S.; Christeson, Gail L.; Van Avendonk, Harm J. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Reece, Robert S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barth, Ginger A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Walton, MAL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, JJ Pickle Res Campus,Bldg 196,10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RI Christeson, Gail/B-9967-2008; Gulick, Sean/C-1039-2008; Reece, Robert/C-4657-2017; OI Christeson, Gail/0000-0002-4749-4429; Gulick, Sean/0000-0003-4740-9068; Reece, Robert/0000-0002-0769-1698; Walton, Maureen/0000-0001-8496-463X FU U.S. Geological Survey; NSF [EAR-0408584, EAR-1009986] FX We thank the crew, officers, and science party aboard the R/V Marcus Langseth MGL1109 cruise in June 2011 for assistance in collecting data. Thanks to the reviewers and editors of Geosphere for constructive comments that considerably strengthened, clarified, and broadened the impact of the text. We also thank Jed Damuth, Peter Haeussler, Brian Horton, and David Mohrig for helpful scientific discussion and feedback. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey in support of the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) Project and by the NSF Continental Dynamics study the St. Elias Erosion/Tectonics Project (STEEP), NSF grants EAR-0408584 and EAR-1009986. This is University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) Contribution 2709. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 680 EP 691 DI 10.1130/GES01034.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AM6GK UT WOS:000339961500004 ER PT J AU Wells, R Bukry, D Friedman, R Pyle, D Duncan, R Haeussler, P Wooden, J AF Wells, Ray Bukry, David Friedman, Richard Pyle, Doug Duncan, Robert Haeussler, Peter Wooden, Joe TI Geologic history of Siletzia, a large igneous province in the Oregon and Washington Coast Range: Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale and implications for a long-lived Yellowstone hotspot SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; CASCADIA FORE-ARC; SLAB WINDOW MAGMATISM; TECTONIC ROTATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; YAKUTAT TERRANE; FLOOD-BASALT; SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON; VOLCANIC PROVINCE; OLYMPIC PENINSULA AB Siletzia is a basaltic Paleocene and Eocene large igneous province in coastal Oregon, Washington, and southern Vancouver Island that was accreted to North America in the early Eocene. New U-Pb magmatic, detrital zircon, and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages constrained by detailed field mapping, global nannoplankton zones, and magnetic polarities allow correlation of the volcanics with the 2012 geologic time scale. The data show that Siletzia was rapidly erupted 56-49 Ma, during the Chron 25-22 plate reorganization in the northeast Pacific basin. Accretion was completed between 51 and 49 Ma in Oregon, based on CP11 (CP-Coccolith Paleogene zone) coccoliths in strata overlying onlapping continental sediments. Magmatism continued in the northern Oregon Coast Range until ca. 46 Ma with the emplacement of a regional sill complex during or shortly after accretion. Isotopic signatures similar to early Columbia River basalts, the great crustal thickness of Siletzia in Oregon, rapid eruption, and timing of accretion are consistent with offshore formation as an oceanic plateau. Approximately 8 m. y. after accretion, margin parallel extension of the forearc, emplacement of regional dike swarms, and renewed magmatism of the Tillamook episode peaked at 41.6 Ma (CP zone 14a; Chron 19r). We examine the origin of Siletzia and consider the possible role of a long-lived Yellowstone hotspot using the reconstruction in GPlates, an open source plate model. In most hotspot reference frames, the Yellowstone hotspot (YHS) is on or near an inferred northeast-striking KulaFarallon and/or Resurrection-Farallon ridge between 60 and 50 Ma. In this configuration, the YHS could have provided a 56-49 Ma source on the Farallon plate for Siletzia, which accreted to North America by 50 Ma. A sister plateau, the Eocene basalt basement of the Yakutat terrane, now in Alaska, formed contemporaneously on the adjacent Kula (or Resurrection) plate and accreted to coastal British Columbia at about the same time. Following accretion of Siletzia, the leading edge of North America overrode the YHS ca. 42 Ma. The voluminous high-Ti basaltic to alkalic magmatism of the 42-35 Ma Tillamook episode and extension in the forearc may be related to the encounter with an active YHS. Clockwise rotation of western Oregon about a pole in the backarc has since moved the Tillamook center and underlying Siletzia northward similar to 250 km from the probable hotspot track on North America. In the reference frames we examined, the YHS arrives in the backarc similar to 5 m. y. too early to match the 17 Ma magmatic flare-up commonly attributed to the YHS. We suggest that C1 [Wells, Ray; Bukry, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Friedman, Richard] Univ British Columbia, Pacific Ctr Isotop & Geochem Res, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Pyle, Doug] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Duncan, Robert] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Haeussler, Peter] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wooden, Joe] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wells, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 126 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 22 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 692 EP 719 DI 10.1130/GES01018.1 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AM6GK UT WOS:000339961500005 ER PT J AU Moore, JG Schweickert, RA Kitts, CA AF Moore, James G. Schweickert, Richard A. Kitts, Christopher A. TI Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CRATER LAKE; MORPHOLOGY; HISTORY; REGION; RANGE; BASIN AB A gigantic similar to 12 km(3) landslide detached from the west wall of Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada, USA), and slid 15 km east across the lake. The splash, or tsunami, from this landslide eroded Tioga-age moraines dated as 21 ka. Lake-bottom short piston cores recovered sediment as old as 12 ka that did not reach landslide deposits, thereby constraining the landslide age as 21-12 ka. Movement of the landslide splashed copious water onto the countryside and lowered the lake level similar to 10 m. The sheets of water that washed back into the lake dumped their sediment load at the lowered shoreline, producing deltas that merged into delta terraces. During rapid growth, these unstable delta terraces collapsed, disaggregated, and fed turbidity currents that generated 15 subaqueous sediment wave channel systems that ring the lake and descend to the lake floor at 500 m depth. Sheets of water commonly more than 2 km wide at the shoreline fed these systems. Channels of the systems contain sediment waves (giant ripple marks) with maximum wavelengths of 400 m. The lower depositional aprons of the system are surfaced by sediment waves with maximum wavelengths of 300 m. A remarkably similar, though smaller, contemporary sediment wave channel system operates at the mouth of the Squamish River in British Columbia. The system is generated by turbidity currents that are fed by repeated growth and collapse of the active river delta. The Tahoe splash-induced backwash was briefly equivalent to more than 15 Squamish Rivers in full flood and would have decimated life in low-lying areas of the Tahoe region. C1 [Moore, James G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schweickert, Richard A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kitts, Christopher A.] Santa Clara Univ, Robot Syst Lab, Santa Clara, CA 96053 USA. RP Moore, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 757 EP 768 DI 10.1130/GES01025.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AM6GK UT WOS:000339961500008 ER PT J AU Nelson, AR Personius, SF Sherrod, BL Kelsey, HM Johnson, SY Bradley, LA Wells, RE AF Nelson, Alan R. Personius, Stephen F. Sherrod, Brian L. Kelsey, Harvey M. Johnson, Samuel Y. Bradley, Lee-Ann Wells, Ray E. TI Diverse rupture modes for surface-deforming upper plate earthquakes in the southern Puget Lowland of Washington State SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SEATTLE-FAULT-ZONE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST EARTHQUAKES; LATE HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES; SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; LAKE WASHINGTON; NEW-ZEALAND; FORE-ARC; QUATERNARY FAULTS; TSUNAMI DEPOSITS AB Earthquake prehistory of the southern Puget Lowland, in the north-south compressive regime of the migrating Cascadia forearc, reflects diverse earthquake rupture modes with variable recurrence. Stratigraphy and Bayesian analyses of previously reported and new C-14 ages in trenches and cores along backthrust scarps in the Seattle fault zone restrict a large earthquake to 1040-910 cal yr B. P. (2 sigma), an interval that includes the time of the M 7-7.5 Restoration Point earthquake. A newly identified surface-rupturing earthquake along the Waterman Point backthrust dates to 940-380 cal yr B. P., bringing the number of earthquakes in the Seattle fault zone in the past 3500 yr to 4 or 5. Whether scarps record earthquakes of moderate (M 5.5-6.0) or large (M 6.5-7.0) magnitude, backthrusts of the Seattle fault zone may slip during moderate to large earthquakes every few hundred years for periods of 1000-2000 yr, and then not slip for periods of at least several thousands of years. Four new fault scarp trenches in the Tacoma fault zone show evidence of late Holocene folding and faulting about the time of a large earthquake or earthquakes inferred from widespread coseismic subsidence ca. 1000 cal yr B. P.; 12 ages from 8 sites in the Tacoma fault zone limit the earthquakes to 1050-980 cal yr B. P. Evidence is too sparse to determine whether a large earthquake was closely predated or postdated by other earthquakes in the Tacoma basin, but the scarp of the Tacoma fault was formed by multiple earthquakes. In the northeast-striking Saddle Mountain deformation zone, along the western limit of the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones, analysis of previous ages limits earthquakes to 1200-310 cal yr B. P. The prehistory clarifies earthquake clustering in the central Puget Lowland, but cannot resolve potential structural links among the three Holocene fault zones. C1 [Nelson, Alan R.; Personius, Stephen F.; Bradley, Lee-Ann] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sherrod, Brian L.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kelsey, Harvey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Johnson, Samuel Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wells, Ray E.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nelson, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, MS 966,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM anelson@usgs.gov FU Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Jason Buck, Gary Henley II, Liz Schermer, Koji Okumura, Rob Witter, Rich Koehler, Elizabeth Barnett, Eliza Nemser, Trenton Cladouhos, Ian Madin, Vicky McConnell, and Yoko Ota mapped trenches, collected critical 14C samples or structural data, and helped with interpretation. These and other trench wall mappers are listed in figure captions. Lee Liberty, Bill Stephenson, and many others ran and interpreted geophysical profiles near trenches. We thank many other colleagues for help with trench mapping and for insightful comments during trench reviews. Discussions with Tom Pratt, Kathy Troost, Uri ten Brink, Jonathan Hughes, Rich Briggs, Tim Walsh, Bob Bucknam, and Craig Weaver were particularly helpful. Reviews by Olaf Zielke, Rob Witter, Tom Pratt, Sotiris Kokkalas, and three anonymous reviewers strengthened the paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 122 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 769 EP 796 DI 10.1130/GES00967.1 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AM6GK UT WOS:000339961500009 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JM Teran, OJ Rockwell, TK Oskin, ME Hudnut, KW Mueller, KJ Spelz, RM Akciz, SO Masana, E Faneros, G Fielding, EJ Leprince, S Morelan, AE Stock, J Lynch, DK Elliott, AJ Gold, P Liu-Zeng, J Gonzalez-Ortega, A Hinojosa-Corona, A Gonzalez-Garcia, J AF Fletcher, John M. Teran, Orlando J. Rockwell, Thomas K. Oskin, Michael E. Hudnut, Kenneth W. Mueller, Karl J. Spelz, Ronald M. Akciz, Sinan O. Masana, Eulalia Faneros, Geoff Fielding, Eric J. Leprince, Sebastien Morelan, Alexander E. Stock, Joann Lynch, David K. Elliott, Austin J. Gold, Peter Liu-Zeng, Jing Gonzalez-Ortega, Alejandro Hinojosa-Corona, Alejandro Gonzalez-Garcia, Javier TI Assembly of a large earthquake from a complex fault system: Surface rupture kinematics of the 4 April 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah (Mexico) M-w 7.2 earthquake SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; LAGUNA-SALADA FAULT; ANGLE NORMAL-FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; DIPPING FAULTS AB The 4 April 2010 moment magnitude (M-w) 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake revealed the existence of a previously unidentified fault system in Mexico that extends similar to 120 km from the northern tip of the Gulf of California to the U.S.-Mexico border. The system strikes northwest and is composed of at least seven major faults linked by numerous smaller faults, making this one of the most complex surface ruptures ever documented along the Pacific-North America plate boundary. Rupture propagated bilaterally through three distinct kinematic and geomorphic domains. Southeast of the epicenter, a broad region of distributed fracturing, liquefaction, and discontinuous fault rupture was controlled by a buried, southwest-dipping, dextral-normal fault system that extends similar to 53 km across the southern Colorado River delta. Northwest of the epicenter, the sense of vertical slip reverses as rupture propagated through multiple strands of an imbricate stack of east-dipping dextral-normal faults that extend similar to 55 km through the Sierra Cucapah. However, some coseismic slip (10-30 cm) was partitioned onto the west-dipping Laguna Salada fault, which extends parallel to the main rupture and defines the western margin of the Sierra Cucapah. In the northernmost domain, rupture terminates on a series of several north-northeast-striking cross-faults with minor offset (<8 cm) that cut uplifted and folded sediments of the northern Colorado River delta in the Yuha Desert. In the Sierra Cucapah, primary rupture occurred on four major faults separated by one fault branch and two accommodation zones. The accommodation zones are distributed in a left-stepping en echelon geometry, such that rupture passed systematically to structurally lower faults. The structurally lowest fault that ruptured in this event is inclined as shallowly as similar to 20. Net surface offsets in the Sierra Cucapah average similar to 200 cm, with some reaching 300-400 cm, and rupture kinematics vary greatly along strike. Nonetheless, instantaneous extension directions are consistently oriented similar to 085 and the dominant slip direction is similar to 310, which is slightly (similar to 10) more westerly than the expected azimuth of relative plate motion, but considerably more oblique to other nearby historical ruptures such as the 1992 Landers earthquake. Complex multifault ruptures are common in the central portion of the Pacific North American plate margin, which is affected by restraining bend tectonics, gravitational potential energy gradients, and the inherently three-dimensional strain of the transtensional and transpressional shear regimes that operate in this region. C1 [Fletcher, John M.; Teran, Orlando J.; Gonzalez-Ortega, Alejandro; Hinojosa-Corona, Alejandro; Gonzalez-Garcia, Javier] Ctr Inves Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Geol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Rockwell, Thomas K.; Faneros, Geoff] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Oskin, Michael E.; Morelan, Alexander E.; Elliott, Austin J.; Gold, Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.; Lynch, David K.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Mueller, Karl J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spelz, Ronald M.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Akciz, Sinan O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Masana, Eulalia] Univ Barcelona, Dept Geodinam & Geofis, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Fielding, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Leprince, Sebastien; Stock, Joann] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Liu-Zeng, Jing] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Fletcher, JM (reprint author), Ctr Inves Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Geol, Carretera Tijuana Ensenada,3918 Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM jfletche@cicese.mx RI Masana, Eulalia/I-2122-2015; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Liu-Zeng, Jing/F-8582-2011; Hinojosa-Corona, Alejandro/L-5422-2015; OI Masana, Eulalia/0000-0001-8315-7561; Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Hinojosa-Corona, Alejandro/0000-0002-2282-337X; Rockwell, Thomas/0000-0001-5319-6447; Stock, Joann Miriam/0000-0003-4816-7865 FU CONACYT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia) [81463]; SCEC (Southern California Earthquake Center) [1697]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0529922]; GEER (Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance) Foundation; Keck Institute for Space Studies; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Surface and Interior focus area; NASA FX This work was financed by CONACYT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia) grant 81463, SCEC (Southern California Earthquake Center) grant 1697, and National Science Foundation grant EAR-0529922; the GEER (Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance) Foundation provided funding for initial field work. S. Leprince was supported in part by the Keck Institute for Space Studies and by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Part of this study was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Surface and Interior focus area and performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. Enlightening discussions with Paul Wetmore and Francisco Suarez helped refine ideas about tectonics of the Big Bend domain and the kinematics of faulting in the Colorado River delta, respectively. We thank John Galetzka, Kate Scharer, David Bowman, Roman Manjarrez, and Maria Oturno for help with field work. We also thank Jose Mojarro, Sergio Arregui, and Luis Gradilla for technical support. NR 82 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 27 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 797 EP 827 DI 10.1130/GES00933.1 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AM6GK UT WOS:000339961500010 ER PT J AU Belaineh, G Sumner, D Carter, E Clapp, D AF Belaineh, Getachew Sumner, David Carter, Edward Clapp, David TI Harmonizing Multiple Methods for Reconstructing Historical Potential and Reference Evapotranspiration SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Potential evapotranspiration; Reference evapotranspiration; Hargreaves-Samani; Priestley-Taylor; Penman-Monteith ID HARGREAVES AB Potential evapotranspiration (PET) and reference evapotranspiration (RET) data are usually critical components of hydrologic analysis. Many different equations are available to estimate PET and RET. Most of these equations, such as the Priestley-Taylor and Penman-Monteith methods, rely on detailed meteorological data collected at ground-based weather stations. Few weather stations collect enough data to estimate PET or RET using one of the more complex evapotranspiration equations. Currently, satellite data integrated with ground meteorological data are used with one of these evapotranspiration equations to accurately estimate PET and RET. However, earlier than the last few decades, historical reconstructions of PET and RET needed for many hydrologic analyses are limited by the paucity of satellite data and of some types of ground data. Air temperature stands out as the most generally available meteorological ground data type over the last century. Temperature-based approaches used with readily available historical temperature data offer the potential for long period-of-record PET and RET historical reconstructions. A challenge is the inconsistency between the more accurate, but more data intensive, methods appropriate for more recent periods and the less accurate, but less data intensive, methods appropriate to the more distant past. In this study, multiple methods are harmonized in a seamless reconstruction of historical PET and RET by quantifying and eliminating the biases of the simple Hargreaves-Samani method relative to the more complex and accurate Priestley-Taylor and Penman-Monteith methods. This harmonization process is used to generate long-term, internally consistent, spatiotemporal databases of PET and RET. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Belaineh, Getachew; Carter, Edward; Clapp, David] St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32177 USA. [Sumner, David] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Clapp, D (reprint author), St Johns River Water Management Dist, 4049 Reid St, Palatka, FL 32177 USA. EM ecarter@sjrwmd.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 19 IS 8 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000935 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AM8YK UT WOS:000340165100005 ER PT J AU Dundas, CM Keszthelyi, LP AF Dundas, Colin M. Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. TI Emplacement and erosive effects of lava in south Kasei Valles, Mars SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Flood lavas; Outflow channels; Lava erosion; Mars ID MARTIAN FLOOD LAVAS; OUTFLOW CHANNELS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; FLOWING LAVA; PAHOEHOE; ORIGIN; HAWAII; EARTH; ERUPTIONS; ANALOGS AB Although it has generally been accepted that the Martian outflow channels were carved by floods of water, observations of large channels on Venus and Mercury demonstrate that lava flows can cause substantial erosion. Recent observations of large lava flows within outflow channels on Mars have revived discussion of the hypothesis that the Martian channels are also produced by lava. An excellent example is found in south Kasei Valles (SKV), where the most recent major event was emplacement of a large lava flow. Calculations using high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) demonstrate that this flow was locally turbulent, similar to a previously described flood lava flow in Athabasca Valles. The modeled peak local flux of approximately 10(6) m(3) s(-1) was approximately an order of magnitude lower than that in Athabasca, which may be due to distance from the vent. Fluxes close to 10(7) m(3) s(-1) are estimated in some reaches but these values are probably records of local surges caused by a dam-breach event within the flow. The SIN lava was locally erosive and likely caused significant (kilometer-scale) headwall retreat at several cataracts with tens to hundreds of meters of relief. However, in other places the net effect of the flow was unambiguously aggradational, and these are more representative of most of the flow. The larger outflow channels have lengths of thousands of kilometers and incision of a kilometer or more. Therefore, lava flows comparable to the SIN flow did not carve the major Martian outflow channels, although the SIN flow was among the largest and highest-flux lava flows known in the Solar System. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dundas, Colin M.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dundas, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA [NNH08AI66I, NNX12AR66G]; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE project FX We thank the HiRISE and CTX operations teams for their work in acquiring the images used in this study, and Donna Galuszka, Bonnie Redding and Eric Foster for producing the DTMs. Ken Tanaka and Justin Hagerty gave helpful comments on an early draft, and Jacob Bleacher and Christopher Hamilton provided thoughtful reviews. This work was supported by NASA Mars Data Analysis Program grant NNH08AI66I, Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program grant NNX12AR66G and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE project. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 282 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.06.005 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN0YH UT WOS:000340309400008 ER PT J AU Mcroberts, RE Mech, LD AF Mcroberts, Ronald E. Mech, L. David TI Wolf Population Regulation Revisited-Again SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass; Canis lupus; numerical response; population regulation; predation; prey biomass; wolf ID ISLE ROYALE WOLVES; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; CANIS-LUPUS; PERSPECTIVE; PREDATION AB The long-accepted conclusion that wolf density is regulated by nutrition was recently challenged, and the conclusion was reached that, at greater levels of prey biomass, social factors such as intraspecific strife and territoriality tend to regulate wolf density. We reanalyzed the data used in that study for 2 reasons: 1) we disputed the use of 2 data points, and 2) because of recognized heteroscedasticity, we used weighted-regression analysis instead of the unweighted regressions used in the original study. We concluded that the data do not support the hypothesis that wolf densities are regulated by social factors. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Mcroberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mcroberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu FU United States Geological Survey; United States Forest Service FX This study was supported by the United States Geological Survey and the United States Forest Service. We thank J. K. Oakleaf and 2 anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript and offering helpful suggestions for improvement. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 6 BP 963 EP 967 DI 10.1002/jwmg.744 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AN0TN UT WOS:000340297000002 ER PT J AU Sauer, JR Zimmerman, GS Klimstra, JD Link, WA AF Sauer, John R. Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Klimstra, Jon D. Link, William A. TI Hierarchical Model Analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black duck; Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey; Bayesian methods; Canada geese; hierarchical models; mallard; wood duck AB We used log-linear hierarchical models to analyze data from the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey. The survey has been conducted by state biologists each year since 1989 in the northeastern United States from Virginia north to New Hampshire and Vermont. Although yearly population estimates from the survey are used by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for estimating regional waterfowl population status for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), black ducks (Anas rubripes), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis), they are not routinely adjusted to control for time of day effects and other survey design issues. The hierarchical model analysis permits estimation of year effects and population change while accommodating the repeated sampling of plots and controlling for time of day effects in counting. We compared population estimates from the current stratified random sample analysis to population estimates from hierarchical models with alternative model structures that describe year to year changes as random year effects, a trend with random year effects, or year effects modeled as 1-year differences. Patterns of population change from the hierarchical model results generally were similar to the patterns described by stratified random sample estimates, but significant visibility differences occurred between twilight to midday counts in all species. Controlling for the effects of time of day resulted in larger population estimates for all species in the hierarchical model analysis relative to the stratified random sample analysis. The hierarchical models also provided a convenient means of estimating population trend as derived statistics from the analysis. We detected significant declines in mallard and American black ducks and significant increases in wood ducks and Canada geese, a trend that had not been significant for 3 of these 4 species in the prior analysis. We recommend using hierarchical models for analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Sauer, John R.; Link, William A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Klimstra, Jon D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Sauer, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jrsauer@usgs.gov FU Black Duck Joint Venture FX We thank H. Heusmann for his efforts in initiating the survey and coordinating it for many years. We also thank the many state biologists who have conducted the surveys and collated the results. C. Amundson and 2 anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions that greatly improved the clarity of the manuscript. This analysis was supported by a grant from the Black Duck Joint Venture. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1050 EP 1059 DI 10.1002/jwmg.748 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AN0TN UT WOS:000340297000012 ER PT J AU Curtis, R Frey, SN Brown, NL AF Curtis, Rachel Frey, S. Nicole Brown, Nathanael L. TI The Effect of Coterie Relocation on Release-Site Retention and Behavior of Utah Prairie Dogs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; coterie; Cynomys parvidens; family group; relocation; retention; translocation; Utah; Utah prairie dog ID CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS AB Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) have been extirpated in 90% of their historical range. Because most populations in Utah occur on private land, this threatened species is continually in conflict with landowners. The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources has been relocating Utah prairie dogs from private to public land since the 1970s, but relocations have been largely unsuccessful because of high mortality. Utah prairie dogs are highly social animals, but they are usually relocated without regard to their family group, or coterie. We predicted that relocating Utah prairie dogs with other coterie members would improve their survival rate and result in post-release behavior similar to non-relocated animals. We chose to investigate release-site retention as a measure of relocation success because we were unable to separate emigration from mortality. We relocated Utah prairie dogs from the Cedar Ridge Golf Course in Cedar City, Utah to 2 prepared sites near Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah in 2010 and 2011. We relocated prairie dogs as groups of coterie members or in a control group of individuals trapped with no regard to relatedness. Two months after relocation, we set traps to recapture animals to estimate release-site retention. We quantified activity budgets prior to and following relocation on study animals as well as from a previously established relocated prairie dog population on public land. The best predictor of release-site retention and recapture rate was the animal's weight at initial capture. Larger animals had high retention but low recapture rates. We found no differences in site retention or behavior between prairie dogs relocated with coteries and controls. Relocated individuals behaved more like prairie dogs on public lands than animals in the urban source population, but behaviors were still different from prairie dogs on public lands. We recommend relocating large, adult Utah prairie dogs rather than juveniles or relocating juveniles later in the trapping season to increase relocation success rate. We also suggest that future research should focus on developing additional release methods to reduce dispersal and increase site retention. (c) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Curtis, Rachel; Frey, S. Nicole] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Brown, Nathanael L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Utah Field Off, Cedar City, UT 84721 USA. RP Curtis, R (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Farmland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, 35365 800th Ave, Madelia, MN 56062 USA. EM rachel.curtis@state.mn.us FU Utah Department of Natural Resources; Bureau of Land Management FX The authors would like to thank the Utah Department of Natural Resources and the Bureau of Land Management for funding this research. The authors thank the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources for logistical and field support. The authors also thank M. Conover and C. Call for review comments, and S. Durnham for statistical assistance. The authors thank A. Kavalunas, J. Sorensen, C. Westfall, S. Myers, C. Cardinal, S. Bardot, and the Red Hills Golf Course staff for their time and efforts on this project. The authors would like to thank the 2 anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions to improve this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1077 DI 10.1002/jwmg.755 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AN0TN UT WOS:000340297000014 ER PT J AU Muletz, C Caruso, NM Fleischer, RC McDiarmid, RW Lips, KR AF Muletz, Carly Caruso, Nicholas M. Fleischer, Robert C. McDiarmid, Roy W. Lips, Karen R. TI Unexpected Rarity of the Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Appalachian Plethodon Salamanders: 1957-2011 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN CHYTRID FUNGUS; PARASITE VIRULENCE; KILLING FUNGUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; LOW-PREVALENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; USA; WIDESPREAD; DECLINES; DISEASE AB Widespread population declines in terrestrial Plethodon salamanders occurred by the 1980s throughout the Appalachian Mountains, the center of global salamander diversity, with no evident recovery. We tested the hypothesis that the historic introduction and spread of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) Plethodon population declines. We expected to detect elevated prevalence of Bd prior to population declines as observed for Central American plethodontids. We tested 1,498 Plethodon salamanders of 12 species (892 museum specimens, 606 wild individuals) for the presence of Bd, and tested 94 of those for Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bs) and for ranavirus. Field samples were collected in 2011 from 48 field sites across a 767 km transect. Historic samples from museum specimens ere collected at five sites with the greatest number and longest duration of collection (1957-987), four of which were sampled in the field in 2011. None of the museum specimens were positive for Bd, but four P. cinereus from field surveys positive The overall Bd prevalence from 1957-2011 for 12 Plethodon species sampled across a 757 km transect was 0.2% (95% CI 0.1-0.7%). All 94 samples were negative for Bs and ranavirus. We conclude that known amphibian pathogens are unlikely causes for declines in these Plethodon populations. Furthermore, these exceptionally low levels of Bd, in a region known to harbor Bd, may indicate that Plethodon specific traits limit Bd infection. C1 [Muletz, Carly; Caruso, Nicholas M.; Lips, Karen R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Caruso, Nicholas M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Muletz, Carly; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [McDiarmid, Roy W.] Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Muletz, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cmuletz@umd.edu OI Lips, Karen/0000-0002-2719-1551 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0917653, 0213851, 0234386]; University of Maryland; Smithsonian Seed Grant Program FX The National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov/) provided support to KRL (DEB 0917653, 0213851, 0234386). Funding for this project was provided by the University of Maryland and Smithsonian Seed Grant Program (http://www.sgsi.umd.edu/) to KRL, RCF and RWM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 65 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 AR e103728 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103728 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM4JL UT WOS:000339819800074 PM 25084159 ER PT J AU Kuris, AM Lafferty, KD Sokolow, SH AF Kuris, Armand M. Lafferty, Kevin D. Sokolow, Susanne H. TI Sapronosis: a distinctive type of infectious agent SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Allee effect; Legionnaire's disease; Naegleria; reservoir; sapronosis; zoonosis ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; ACANTHAMOEBA; DISEASE; LEGIONELLA; POPULATION; THRESHOLD; RESPONSES; PARASITES AB Sapronotic disease agents have evolutionary and epidemiological properties unlike other infectious organisms. Their essential saprophagic existence prevents coevolution, and no host parasite virulence trade-off can evolve. However, the host may evolve defenses. Models of pathogens show that sapronoses, lacking a threshold of transmission, cannot regulate host populations, although they can reduce host abundance and even extirpate their hosts. lmmunocompromised hosts are relatively susceptible to sapronoses. Some particularly important sapronoses, such as cholera and anthrax, can sustain an epidemic in a host population. However, these microbes ultimately persist as saprophages. One-third of human infectious disease agents are sapronotic, including nearly all fungal diseases. Recognition that an infectious disease is sapronotic illuminates a need for effective environmental control strategies. C1 [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.; Sokolow, Susanne H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sokolow, Susanne H.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Kuris, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Kuris@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 EI 1471-5007 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 8 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2014.06.006 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA AN0WS UT WOS:000340305300005 PM 25028088 ER PT J AU Wollheim, WM Harms, TK Peterson, BJ Morkeski, K Hopkinson, CS Stewart, RJ Gooseff, MN Briggs, MA AF Wollheim, W. M. Harms, T. K. Peterson, B. J. Morkeski, K. Hopkinson, C. S. Stewart, R. J. Gooseff, M. N. Briggs, M. A. TI Nitrate uptake dynamics of surface transient storage in stream channels and fluvial wetlands SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Transient storage zones; Nitrogen cycling; Denitrification; River network; Fluvial wetlands; Efficiency loss ID ADDITION EXPERIMENTS; HEADWATER STREAMS; LOTIC ECOSYSTEMS; PANTANAL WETLAND; RIVER CONTINUUM; N-RETENTION; DENITRIFICATION; REMOVAL; SATURATION; TERRESTRIAL AB River systems are important regulators of anthropogenic nitrogen flux between land and ocean. Nitrogen dynamics in small headwater streams have been extensively measured, whereas less is known about contributions of other components of stream networks to nitrogen removal, including larger streams or fluvial wetlands. Here, we quantified nitrate reaction rates in higher-order stream channels and in surface transient storage (STS) zones (sub-systems with greater water residence time than the main channel) of the Ipswich River watershed, a temperate basin characterized by suburban development. We characterized uptake in STS both within higher-order stream channels and in fluvial wetlands that remain connected to advective fluxes but not constrained within channels. We compare reaction rates in these systems to those previously measured in headwater streams in the same basin. We found that (1) nitrate reaction rates (as uptake velocity, upsilon(f)) in higher-order streams (n = 2) differed from each other but were consistent with previous estimates from headwater streams, (2) nitrate reaction rates in STS zones within higher-order stream channels (n = 2) were higher than rates estimated at the whole-stream scale, (3) ambient nitrate reaction rates in fluvial wetland STS (n = 7) were high but comparable to headwater streams with low nitrate concentration, (4) nitrate reaction rates were higher in fluvial wetland STS compared to headwater stream channels at elevated nitrate concentration, and (5) efficiency loss (EL) similar to that found in headwater streams was also apparent in fluvial wetlands. These results indicate that STS are potential hotspots of biogeochemical activity and should be explicitly integrated into network scale biogeochemical models. Further, experimental evidence of EL in fluvial wetlands suggests that the effectiveness of STS to retain N may decline if N loading increases. C1 [Wollheim, W. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wollheim, W. M.; Stewart, R. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Harms, T. K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Harms, T. K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Peterson, B. J.; Morkeski, K.] Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hopkinson, C. S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gooseff, M. N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Briggs, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Wollheim, WM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM wil.wollheim@unh.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 FU [NSF-OCE-1058747]; [OCE-1238212]; [NSF-DEB-0614282]; [NSF-CHN-0709685] FX This work was supported by NSF-OCE-1058747 and OCE-1238212 (Plum Island LTER), NSF-DEB-0614282, and NSF-CHN-0709685. We also thank Suzanne Thomas, Gretchen Gettel, Mitch Weaver, and Nat Morse for their help in the field. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-9993-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AM5BX UT WOS:000339871700015 ER PT J AU Oleas, NH von Wettberg, EJB Negron-Ortiz, V AF Oleas, Nora H. von Wettberg, Eric J. B. Negron-Ortiz, Vivian TI Population genetics of the Federally Threatened Miccosukee gooseberry (Ribes echinellum), an endemic North American species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Population genetics; Miccosuke gooseberry; Federally Threatened; Microsatellites; Conservation; Florida and South Carolina ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; DIVERSITY; PROGRAM; FITNESS; SIZE; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; SOFTWARE AB Ribes echinellum (Coville) Rehder (Miccosukee gooseberry; Grossulariaceae) is a Federally Threatened species known from only two localities: Jefferson County (Florida, FL) and McCormick County (South Carolina, SC). This perennial shrub, ca. 1 m tall, is deciduous, and reproduces both vegetatively (clonal growth) and sexually (seed production). Recent surveys of the FL population revealed a dramatic decline in plant numbers. To assist in conservation and management of this species in FL and SC populations, microsatellite genetic markers were used to identify genotypes and assess the genetic structure of R. echinellum. We genotyped seven microsatellite loci in 102 individuals: 74 collected in FL and 28 in SC. Unbiased heterozygosity was between 0.28 and 0.53. All seven loci were polymorphic, showing a range of 1.52-2.13 effective number of alleles per locus (mean = 1.75). The two populations of R. echinellum show low genetic diversity, especially in SC. Clonality was not widespread, but was higher in the SC population. Both populations show signatures of bottlenecks but isolation by distance was not evident. We found significant deviation from HW equilibrium, with higher number of heterozygotes than expected. However when HW test was done for the combined populations as two separate groups, only FL showed a significant HW test and for SC the test was non-significant. Bayesian analysis and F-ST values suggest high genetic divergence between the populations. These results are important for developing a recovery plan and an ex situ and reintroduction conservation programs. C1 [Oleas, Nora H.] Univ Tecnol Indoamer, Ctr Invest Biodiversidad & Cambio Climat, EC-170103 Machala, Quito, Ecuador. [Oleas, Nora H.] Univ Tecnol Indoamer, Ctr Invest Biodiversidad & Cambio Climat, EC-170103 Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador. [Oleas, Nora H.; von Wettberg, Eric J. B.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Oleas, Nora H.; von Wettberg, Eric J. B.] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Kushland Inst Trop Sci, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Negron-Ortiz, Vivian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Negron-Ortiz, Vivian] Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Oleas, NH (reprint author), Univ Tecnol Indoamer, Ctr Invest Biodiversidad & Cambio Climat, EC-170103 Machala, Quito, Ecuador. EM noraoleas@gmail.com OI Oleas, Nora/0000-0002-1948-4119 FU US FWS [F11AC00157] FX We thank Natali Miller, Todd Engstrom and David Gorchov for fieldwork assistance, and Javier Francisco-Ortega, Tonya Fotinos, and Emily Warschefsky for helpful discussion. We thank Linzi Jorgensen for information about original Ribes nigrum SSRs motifs. We thank several private landowners for permission to collect. This work was supported by US FWS contract F11AC00157. This paper is contribution 271 from the Tropical Biology Program at Florida International University. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 4 BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0575-2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AM3DQ UT WOS:000339732800001 ER PT J AU Roffler, GH Talbot, SL Luikart, G Sage, GK Pilgrim, KL Adams, LG Schwartz, MK AF Roffler, Gretchen H. Talbot, Sandra L. Luikart, Gordon Sage, George K. Pilgrim, Kristy L. Adams, Layne G. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Lack of sex-biased dispersal promotes fine-scale genetic structure in alpine ungulates SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Fine-scale genetic structure; Sex-biased dispersal; Philopatry; Landscape genetics; Population connectivity; Non-invasive sampling; Ovis dalli dalli ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; STATISTICAL-MODEL; CHAMOIS RUPICAPRA; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; MATING SYSTEMS; FLOW AB Identifying patterns of fine-scale genetic structure in natural populations can advance understanding of critical ecological processes such as dispersal and gene flow across heterogeneous landscapes. Alpine ungulates generally exhibit high levels of genetic structure due to female philopatry and patchy configuration of mountain habitats. We assessed the spatial scale of genetic structure and the amount of gene flow in 301 Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) at the landscape level using 15 nuclear microsatellites and 473 base pairs of the mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region. Dall's sheep exhibited significant genetic structure within contiguous mountain ranges, but mtDNA structure occurred at a broader geographic scale than nuclear DNA within the study area, and mtDNA structure for other North American mountain sheep populations. No evidence of male-mediated gene flow or greater philopatry of females was observed; there was little difference between markers with different modes of inheritance (pairwise nuclear DNA F (ST) = 0.004-0.325; mtDNA F (ST) = 0.009-0.544), and males were no more likely than females to be recent immigrants. Historical patterns based on mtDNA indicate separate northern and southern lineages and a pattern of expansion following regional glacial retreat. Boundaries of genetic clusters aligned geographically with prominent mountain ranges, icefields, and major river valleys based on Bayesian and hierarchical modeling of microsatellite and mtDNA data. Our results suggest that fine-scale genetic structure in Dall's sheep is influenced by limited dispersal, and structure may be weaker in populations occurring near ancestral levels of density and distribution in continuous habitats compared to other alpine ungulates that have experienced declines and marked habitat fragmentation. C1 [Roffler, Gretchen H.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Sage, George K.; Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Pilgrim, Kristy L.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Roffler, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr,Suite 201, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM groffler@usgs.gov RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU National Park Service; U. S. Geological Survey; Murie Science and Learning Center; NSF-DEB [1067613, 0742181] FX This work was supported by funding from the National Park Service, the U. S. Geological Survey, and the Murie Science and Learning Center. For assistance with fieldwork, we thank T. Cambier, H. McMahan, J. Putera, M. Reid, and R. Schwanke. We are grateful for the help of T. Bentzen, N. Cassara, T. Kavalok, T. Fauline, T. Peltier, R. Schwanke, C. Schwanke, R. Stadtmiller, and R. Tobey in collecting muscle samples. K. Scribner, E. Rominger, and J. Wehausen, provided constructive criticism of the study plan, and F. W. Allendorf, M. Hebblewhite, J. Pearce, and R. Wilson of the manuscript drafts. GL was supported by NSF-DEB grants 1067613 and 0742181. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 98 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 4 BP 837 EP 851 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0583-2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AM3DQ UT WOS:000339732800008 ER PT J AU Rothenberg, SE Windham-Myers, L Creswell, JE AF Rothenberg, Sarah E. Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Creswell, Joel E. TI Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: A comprehensive review SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Rice; Oryza sativa; Methylmercuty; Alternating wetting and drying; Carbon exudates ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L.; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; ABANDONED MERCURY MINE; ANOXIC PADDY SOIL; FISH CONSUMPTION; LOWLAND RICE; METHYL MERCURY AB Rice cultivation practices from field preparation to post-harvest transform rice paddies into hot spots for microbial mercury methylation, converting less-toxic inorganic mercury to more-toxic methylmercury, which is likely translocated to rice grain. This review includes 51 studies reporting rice total mercury and/or methylmercury concentrations, based on rice (Orzya sativa) cultivated or purchased in 15 countries. Not surprisingly, both rice total mercury and methylmercury levels were significantly higher in polluted sites compared to non-polluted sites (Wilcoxon rank sum, p < 0.001). However, rice percent methylmercury (of total mercury) did not differ statistically between polluted and non-polluted sites (Wilcoxon rank sum, p=0.35), suggesting comparable mercury methylation rates in paddy soil across these sites and/or similar accumulation of mercury species for these rice cultivars. Studies characterizing the effects of rice cultivation under more aerobic conditions were reviewed to determine the mitigation potential of this practice. Rice management practices utilizing alternating wetting and drying (instead of continuous flooding) caused soil methylmercury levels to spike, resulting in a strong methylmercury pulse after fields were dried and reflooded; however, it is uncertain whether this led to increased translocation of methylmercury from paddy soil to rice grain. Due to the potential health risks, it is advisable to investigate this issue further, and to develop separate water management strategies for mercury polluted and non-polluted sites, in order to minimize methylmercury exposure through rice ingestion. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rothenberg, Sarah E.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Creswell, Joel E.] Brooks Rand Instruments, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. RP Rothenberg, SE (reprint author), USC Environm Hlth Sci, 921 Assembly St,Room 401, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM rothenberg.sarah@sc.edu; lwindham-myers@usgs.gov; Joel@brooksrand.com FU USDA-NIFA Agriculture Food and Research Initiative [2012-69002-19796]; U.S. National Institute Of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [R15ES022409] FX Financial support was provided to S. E. Rothenberg by a grant from the USDA-NIFA Agriculture Food and Research Initiative (Award: 2012-69002-19796) and the U.S. National Institute Of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (Award: R15ES022409). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the USDA. There were no conflicts of interest to report. NR 201 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 15 U2 111 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 133 BP 407 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.001 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AM2UI UT WOS:000339705900052 PM 24972509 ER PT J AU Popovic, D Panagiotopoulou, H Baca, M Stefaniak, K Mackiewicz, P Makowiecki, D King, TL Gruchota, J Weglenski, P Stankovic, A AF Popovic, Danijela Panagiotopoulou, Hanna Baca, Mateusz Stefaniak, Krzysztof Mackiewicz, Pawel Makowiecki, Daniel King, Tim L. Gruchota, Jakub Weglenski, Piotr Stankovic, Anna TI The history of sturgeon in the Baltic Sea SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Acipenser oxyrinchus; Acipenser sturio; ancient DNA; Baltic sturgeon; colonization; founding population; hybridization; introgression; marine biogeography ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; ATLANTIC STURGEON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE DATA; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; PROGRAM; EUROPE; STURIO; MANAGEMENT AB Aim Migrants of the Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, from North America are thought to have founded the Baltic sturgeon population during the Little Ice Age around 1200 years ago, replacing the European sturgeon, Acipenser sturio. To test this hypothesis and to further elucidate the colonization of the Baltic Sea by A. oxyrinchus, we carried out DNA analyses of ancient and contemporary populations of both species. Location We analysed DNA from 188 specimens of sturgeons collected from archaeological sites and museums in Poland and of 225 contemporary specimens from North American and European populations. Methods Several mitochondrial DNA fragments were sequenced and eight microsatellite loci were genotyped for species identification, polymorphism and population structure analyses. Approximate Bayesian computation was used to estimate when the Baltic Sea was colonized. Results Of 125 ancient sturgeon specimens from the Baltic Sea, only four were classified as A. sturio, the remainder being A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus. The ancient A. o. oxyrinchus population over two different time periods was highly polymorphic and genetically distant from contemporary populations of this taxon. The time of entry into the Baltic Sea was estimated to be 40005000 years ago. We also detected introgression of A. sturio into the A. o. oxyrinchus gene pool, caused by a prior hybridization event. Main conclusions For the past 2000 years at least, A. o. oxyrinchus has been the dominant sturgeon in the Baltic Sea, indicating a much earlier origin than previously suggested. The most similar extant sturgeon populations to the extinct Baltic stock are those from the St John and St Lawrence rivers in Canada. These populations should be considered the best source of breeding material for the ongoing sturgeon restitution programmes in Poland and Germany. C1 [Popovic, Danijela; Weglenski, Piotr] Univ Warsaw, Ctr New Technol, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. [Panagiotopoulou, Hanna; Weglenski, Piotr; Stankovic, Anna] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Biophys, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. [Baca, Mateusz] Univ Warsaw, Ctr Precolumbian Studies, PL-00927 Warsaw, Poland. [Stefaniak, Krzysztof] Univ Wroclaw, Inst Zool, Dept Palaeozool, PL-50335 Wroclaw, Poland. [Mackiewicz, Pawel] Univ Wroclaw, Fac Biotechnol, Dept Genom, PL-51148 Wroclaw, Poland. [Makowiecki, Daniel] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Archeol, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Gruchota, Jakub; Stankovic, Anna] Univ Warsaw, Inst Genet & Biotechnol, Fac Biol, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. [Stankovic, Anna] Univ Warsaw, Antiqu Southeastern Europe Res Ctr, PL-00927 Warsaw, Poland. RP Panagiotopoulou, H (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Biophys, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. EM hpana@wp.pl RI Makowiecki, Daniel/A-8324-2012 OI Makowiecki, Daniel/0000-0002-1821-4627 FU EU [N N311 033 32/2323, ZPB/62/72380/IT2/10, N N304174140]; [POIG.02.02.00-14-024/08-00] FX We thank P. Williot, E. Rochard (CEMAGREF, France), P. Berrebi (CNRS, Universite Montpellier II, France), R. Kolman (Inland Fisheries Institute in Poland), J. Gessner (Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries in Germany), M. Raczkowski (Kuzniczki Hatchery Station, Poland), M. Szczepkowski (Inland Fisheries Institute in Poland), R. Gross (Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia), E. Vasil'eva (Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Russia) and M. Cyran (Lublin Province Museum in Poland) for providing fish samples. We are also very grateful to many archaeological institutions and archaeologists, who collected subfossil material during archaeological projects: the Archaeological Museum in Gdansk, the Archaeological and Historical Museum in Elblazg, the Institute of Archaeology Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun, the National Museum in Szczecin. The authors thank B. Lubinski for assistance with tissue preparation and molecular analyses of North American samples. A. Aunins provided significant editorial assistance on an earlier version of the manuscript. We are very grateful to E. Bartnik, J. Krause and especially P. Harris for help with proofreading and corrections of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The study was carried out with the support of the project financing agreements POIG.02.02.00-14-024/08-00 and through the grants N N311 033 32/2323, ZPB/62/72380/IT2/10, N N304174140 with use of CePT infrastructure financed by the EU. The authors declare that all experiments presented in this study comply with the current laws of Poland. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1590 EP 1602 DI 10.1111/jbi.12307 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AM2FT UT WOS:000339665900014 ER PT J AU Graves, T Chandler, RB Royle, JA Beier, P Kendall, KC AF Graves, Tabitha Chandler, Richard B. Royle, J. Andrew Beier, Paul Kendall, Katherine C. TI Estimating landscape resistance to dispersal SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Animal movement; Connectivity; Cost distance; Corridor; Dispersal; Least cost path; Movement; Landscape permeability ID MARK-RECAPTURE DATA; SPATIALLY STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; SEED DISPERSAL; GENE FLOW; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; COMPLEX LANDSCAPES; RESOURCE SELECTION; DIFFUSION-MODEL AB Dispersal is an inherently spatial process that can be affected by habitat conditions in sites encountered by dispersers. Understanding landscape resistance to dispersal is important in connectivity studies and reserve design, but most existing methods use resistance functions with cost parameters that are subjectively chosen by the investigator. We develop an analytic approach allowing for direct estimation of resistance parameters that folds least cost path methods typically used in simulation approaches into a formal statistical model of dispersal distributions. The core of our model is a frequency distribution of dispersal distances expressed as least cost distance rather than Euclidean distance, and which includes terms for feature-specific costs to dispersal and sex (or other traits) of the disperser. The model requires only origin and settlement locations for multiple individuals, such as might be obtained from mark-recapture studies or parentage analyses, and maps of the relevant habitat features. To evaluate whether the model can estimate parameters correctly, we fit our model to data from simulated dispersers in three kinds of landscapes (in which resistance of environmental variables was categorical, continuous with a patchy configuration, or continuous in a trend pattern). We found maximum likelihood estimators of resistance and individual trait parameters to be approximately unbiased with moderate sample sizes. We applied the model to a small grizzly bear dataset to demonstrate how this approach could be used when the primary interest is in the prediction of costs and found that estimates were consistent with expectations based on bear ecology. Our method has important practical applications for testing hypotheses about dispersal ecology and can be used to inform connectivity planning efforts, via the resistance estimates and confidence intervals, which can be used to create a data-driven resistance surface. C1 [Graves, Tabitha; Beier, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Graves, Tabitha] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Graves, Tabitha; Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Graves, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM tgraves@usgs.gov RI Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU NSF DEB [0919239]; NSF-IGERT; NAU School of Forestry; Hafen, Prather, Krimminger, and David-German scholarships FX This work was funded by NSF DEB Grant # 0919239. Tabitha was a PEO and an AAUW Scholar and is now a David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellow. She also thanks NSF-IGERT, NAU School of Forestry, and the Hafen, Prather, Krimminger, and David-German scholarships for support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 16 U2 129 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1201 EP 1211 DI 10.1007/s10980-014-0056-5 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AM4NK UT WOS:000339831300009 ER PT J AU Velotta, JP McCormick, SD O'Neill, RJ Schultz, ET AF Velotta, Jonathan P. McCormick, Stephen D. O'Neill, Rachel J. Schultz, Eric T. TI Relaxed selection causes microevolution of seawater osmoregulation and gene expression in landlocked Alewives SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Alosa pseudoharengus; Anadromy; Na+/K+-ATPase activity; Physiological ecology; Salinity challenge ID KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; RAPID PARALLEL EVOLUTION; FRESH-WATER INVASIONS; SALMO-SALAR L; ATLANTIC SALMON; IONOREGULATORY PHYSIOLOGY; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; SALINITY TOLERANCE; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; AMERICAN SHAD AB Ecological transitions from marine to freshwater environments have been important in the creation of diversity among fishes. Evolutionary changes associated with these transitions likely involve modifications of osmoregulatory function. In particular, relaxed selection on hypo-osmoregulation should strongly affect animals that transition into novel freshwater environments. We used populations of the Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) to study evolutionary shifts in hypo-osmoregulatory capacity and ion regulation associated with freshwater transitions. Alewives are ancestrally anadromous, but multiple populations in Connecticut have been independently restricted to freshwater lakes; these landlocked populations complete their entire life cycle in freshwater. Juvenile landlocked and anadromous Alewives were exposed to three salinities (1, 20 and 30 ppt) in small enclosures within the lake. We detected strong differentiation between life history forms: landlocked Alewives exhibited reduced seawater tolerance and hypo-osmoregulatory performance compared to anadromous Alewives. Furthermore, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and transcription of genes for seawater osmoregulation (NKCC-Na+/K+/2Cl(-) cotransporter and CFTR-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) exhibited reduced responsiveness to seawater challenge. Our study demonstrates that adaptations of marine-derived species to completely freshwater life cycles involve partial loss of seawater osmoregulatory performance mediated through changes to ion regulation in the gill. C1 [Velotta, Jonathan P.; Schultz, Eric T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [O'Neill, Rachel J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Velotta, JP (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 75 North Eagleville Rd,Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jonathan.velotta@uconn.edu OI Schultz, Eric/0000-0003-4086-7883 FU Connecticut Sea Grant; University of Connecticut Center for Environmental Science and Engineering; American Museum of Natural History Lerner Gray Fund; University of Connecticut Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Sigma Xi FX We thank Dr. David M. Post, Andrew Jones, and Megan Cruz for their help collecting juvenile Alewives. We thank Dr. Arne K. Christensen for assisting in gill tissue sample collection, and Michael O'Dea for assisting in sample collection and for running Na+/K+-ATPase activity assays. We also thank Emily Funk for assisting with real-time quantitative PCR assays. Many thanks to Carl Schlichting, Mark Urban, Brian G. Walker, Alejandro Rico-Guevara, Jeffrey Divino, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by Connecticut Sea Grant, the University of Connecticut Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, the American Museum of Natural History Lerner Gray Fund, the University of Connecticut Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2014 VL 175 IS 4 BP 1081 EP 1092 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-2961-3 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM5JM UT WOS:000339893600005 PM 24859345 ER PT J AU Ostrom, PH Wiley, AE Rossman, S Stricker, CA James, HF AF Ostrom, Peggy H. Wiley, Anne E. Rossman, Sam Stricker, Craig A. James, Helen F. TI Unexpected hydrogen isotope variation in oceanic pelagic seabirds SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen isotope; Seabird; Salt gland; Salt load; Diet analysis ID COMPLEX ORGANIC MATERIALS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FOOD WEBS; NONEXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; DELTA-D; COMPARATIVE EQUILIBRATION; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MIGRATORY BIRDS; ANIMAL-TISSUES AB Hydrogen isotopes have significantly enhanced our understanding of the biogeography of migratory animals. The basis for this methodology lies in predictable, continental patterns of precipitation delta D values that are often reflected in an organism's tissues. delta D variation is not expected for oceanic pelagic organisms whose dietary hydrogen (water and organic hydrogen in prey) is transferred up the food web from an isotopically homogeneous water source. We report a 142 aEuro degrees range in the delta D values of flight feathers from the Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis), an oceanic pelagic North Pacific species, and inquire about the source of that variation. We show delta D variation between and within four other oceanic pelagic species: Newell's shearwater (Puffinus auricularis newellii), Black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes), Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) and Buller's shearwater (Puffinus bulleri). The similarity between muscle delta D values of hatch-year Hawaiian petrels and their prey suggests that trophic fractionation does not influence delta D values of muscle. We hypothesize that isotopic discrimination is associated with water loss during salt excretion through salt glands. Salt load differs between seabirds that consume isosmotic squid and crustaceans and those that feed on hyposmotic teleost fish. In support of the salt gland hypothesis, we show an inverse relationship between delta D and percent teleost fish in diet for three seabird species. Our results demonstrate the utility of delta D in the study of oceanic consumers, while also contributing to a better understanding of delta D systematics, the basis for one of the most commonly utilized isotope tools in avian ecology. C1 [Ostrom, Peggy H.; Wiley, Anne E.; Rossman, Sam] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wiley, Anne E.; James, Helen F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Wiley, Anne E.] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ostrom, PH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 203 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ostrom@msu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0745604, DEB-0940338]; Graduate School of Michigan State University; Department of Zoology of Michigan State University FX We thank Robert Faucett of the Burke Museum for supplying feather samples of Buller's shearwater and Black-footed albatross. We also thank Cayce Gulbransen of the US Geological Survey for making hydrogen isotope measurements. Funding for this work was generously provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0745604 and DEB-0940338). Graduate student travel (A. Wiley) was supported, in part, by the Graduate School and Department of Zoology of Michigan State University. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2014 VL 175 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1235 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-2985-8 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM5JM UT WOS:000339893600017 PM 24989118 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS Gumma, MK Teluguntla, P Mohammed, IA AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Gumma, Murali Krishna Teluguntla, Pardhasaradhi Mohammed, Irshad A. TI HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION AND AGRICULTURAL CROPS SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; INDEXES; REFLECTANCE; NITROGEN; LIDAR; DISCRIMINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; CONTEXT C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Teluguntla, Pardhasaradhi] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gumma, Murali Krishna; Mohammed, Irshad A.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Teluguntla, Pardhasaradhi] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 80 IS 8 BP 697 EP 709 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AM6QB UT WOS:000339988600002 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. TI Research Advances in Hyperspectral Remote Sensing SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 80 IS 8 BP 721 EP 723 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AM6QB UT WOS:000339988600006 ER PT J AU Marshall, M Thenkabail, P AF Marshall, Michael Thenkabail, Prasad TI Biomass Modeling of Four Leading World Crops Using Hyperspectral Narrowbands in Support of HyspIRI Mission SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEXES; BROAD-BAND; WATER PRODUCTIVITY; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; ACCURACY; NITROGEN; RICE; AGRICULTURE; VALIDATION; SPECTRA AB New satellite missions are expected to record high spectral resolution information globally and consistently for the first time, so it is important to identify modeling techniques that take advantage of these new data. In this paper, we estimate biomass for four major crops using ground-based hyperspectral narrowbands. The spectra and their derivatives are evaluated using three modeling techniques: two-band hyperspectral vegetation indices (HVIs), multiple band-HVIs (MB-HVIs) developed from Sequential Search Methods (SSM), and MB-HVIs developed from Principal Component Regression. Overall, the two-band Hvis and MB-HVIs developed from SSMs using first derivative transformed spectra in the visible blue and green and NIR explained more biomass variability and had lower error than the other approaches or transformations; however a better search criterion needs to be developed in order to reflect the true ability of the two-band Ho approach. Short-Wave Infrared 1 (1000 to 1700 nm) proved less effective, but still important in the final models. C1 [Marshall, Michael] World Agroforestry Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Marshall, Michael; Thenkabail, Prasad] US Geol Survey, Southwestern Geog Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Marshall, M (reprint author), World Agroforestry Ctr, POB 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM m.marshall@cgiar.org FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Mission area's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring and Land Remote Sensing programs under the supervision of the Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; USCS; National Association of Geoscience Teachers FX This work was primarily supported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Mission area's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring and Land Remote Sensing programs under the supervision of the Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program. Funding to support undergraduate/graduate students was granted through a cooperative initiative between the USCS and The National Association of Geoscience Teachers. First, we would like to thank Tony Chang, Jeff Peters, and Bobbijean Freeman, who worked long hours under adverse conditions to gather field data required for this project. Second, we would like to thank the agricultural extentionists (Mark Keeley, Chris Greer, Cayle Little, Bob Hutmacher, and Shannon Mueller) from the University of California at Davis (UCD) who put us in contact with growers or farm managers interested in our work and permitted us to collect data on UCD managed research farms (West Side and Shafter Research and Extension Centers). Third, we would like to thank the growers and farm managers (Chuck Mathews, Don Bransford, Jim Casey, Blake Harlan, Mark Boyd, Danny Kirshenmann, John Diener, Marty Roads, Joel Ackerknecht, Scott Schmidt, and Kurt Boeger) who gave us the opportunity to work in their fields and set aside their time to make arrangements and lend us their valuable experience. And to the grower Steve Mellow who welcomed us to a 4th of July celebration at his home when we were far from home. Last, we would like to thank Deborah Soltesz, Miguel Velasco, Larry Gaffney, and Lois Hales who dealt with ordering/repairing parts, made travel arrangements, and arranged other field work logistics. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 80 IS 8 BP 757 EP 772 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AM6QB UT WOS:000339988600010 ER PT J AU Reheis, MC Adams, KD Oviatt, CG Bacon, SN AF Reheis, Marith C. Adams, Kenneth D. Oviatt, Charles G. Bacon, Steven N. TI Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States a view from the outcrop SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Pluvial lake; Great Basin; Paleoclimate; Drainage basin history; Quaternary; Outcrop ID TERRESTRIAL COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE; HOT-SPRINGS TEPHRA; PAST 250,000 YEARS; LATE-PLEISTOCENE; OWENS-LAKE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; DEATH-VALLEY; BONNEVILLE BASIN; LAHONTAN BASIN; MOJAVE DESERT AB Paleo-lakes in the western United States provide geomorphic and hydrologic records of climate and drainage-basin change at multiple time scales extending back to the Miocene. Recent reviews and studies of paleo-lake records have focused on interpretations of proxies in lake sediment cores from the northern and central parts of the Great Basin. In this review, emphasis is placed on equally important studies of lake history during the past similar to 30 years that were derived from outcrop exposures and geomorphology, in some cases combined with cores. Outcrop and core records have different strengths and weaknesses that must be recognized and exploited in the interpretation of paleohydrology and paleoclimate. Outcrops and landforms can yield direct evidence of lake level, fades changes that record details of lake-level fluctuations, and geologic events such as catastrophic floods, drainage-basin changes, and isostatic rebound. Cores can potentially yield continuous records when sampled in stable parts of lake basins and can provide proxies for changes in lake level, water temperature and chemistry, and ecological conditions in the surrounding landscape. However, proxies such as stable isotopes may be influenced by several competing factors the relative effects of which may be difficult to assess, and interpretations may be confounded by geologic events within the drainage basin that were unrecorded or not recognized in a core. The best evidence for documenting absolute lake-level changes lies within the shore, nearshore, and deltaic sediments that were deposited across piedmonts and at the mouths of streams as lake level rose and fell. We review the different shorezone environments and resulting deposits used in such reconstructions and discuss potential estimation errors. Lake-level studies based on deposits and landforms have provided paleohydrologic records ranging from general changes during the past million years to centennial-scale details of fluctuations during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Outcrop studies have documented the integration histories of several important drainage basins, including the Humboldt, Amargosa, Owens, and Mojave river systems, that have evolved since the Miocene within the active tectonic setting of the Great Basin; these histories have influenced lake levels in terminal basins. Many pre-late Pleistocene lakes in the western Great Basin were significantly larger and record wetter conditions than the youngest lakes. Outcrop-based lake-level data provide important checks on core-based proxy interpretations; we discuss four such comparisons. In some cases, such as for Lakes Owens and Manix, outcrop and core data synthesis yields stronger and more complete records; in other cases, such as for Bonneville and Lahontan, conflicts point toward reconsideration of confounding factors in interpretation of core-based proxies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reheis, Marith C.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Adams, Kenneth D.; Bacon, Steven N.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Oviatt, Charles G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Reheis, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-980,Fed Ctr Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mreheis@usgs.gov NR 222 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 9 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 97 BP 33 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.012 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AM2RX UT WOS:000339699600002 ER PT J AU Bonebrake, TC Syphard, AD Franklin, J Anderson, KE Akcakaya, HR Mizerek, T Winchell, C Regan, HM AF Bonebrake, Timothy C. Syphard, Alexandra D. Franklin, Janet Anderson, Kurt E. Akcakaya, H. Resit Mizerek, Toni Winchell, Clark Regan, Helen M. TI Fire Management, Managed Relocation, and Land Conservation Options for Long-Lived Obligate Seeding Plants under Global Changes in Climate, Urbanization, and Fire Regime SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; fire; habitat conservation plan; managed relocation; Mediterranean climate ecosystem; obligate seeders ID ASSISTED COLONIZATION; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; POPULATION-MODELS; DEPENDENT PLANT; ECOSYSTEMS; STRATEGIES; FRAGMENTATION; DISTURBANCE; CHALLENGES; SCENARIOS AB Most species face multiple anthropogenic disruptions. Few studies have quantified the cumulative influence of multiple threats on species of conservation concern, and far fewer have quantified the potential relative value of multiple conservation interventions in light of these threats. We linked spatial distribution and population viability models to explore conservation interventions under projected climate change, urbanization, and changes in fire regime on a long-lived obligate seeding plant species sensitive to high fire frequencies, a dominant plant functional type in many fire-prone ecosystems, including the biodiversity hotspots of Mediterranean-type ecosystems. First, we investigated the relative risk of population decline for plant populations in landscapes with and without land protection under an existing habitat conservation plan. Second, we modeled the effectiveness of relocating both seedlings and seeds from a large patch with predicted declines in habitat area to 2 unoccupied recipient patches with increasing habitat area under 2 projected climate change scenarios. Finally, we modeled 8 fire return intervals (FRIs) approximating the outcomes of different management strategies that effectively control fire frequency. Invariably, long-lived obligate seeding populations remained viable only when FRIs were maintained at or above a minimum level. Land conservation and seedling relocation efforts lessened the impact of climate change and land-use change on obligate seeding populations to differing degrees depending on the climate change scenario, but neither of these efforts was as generally effective as frequent translocation of seeds. While none of the modeled strategies fully compensated for the effects of land-use and climate change, an integrative approach managing multiple threats may diminish population declines for species in complex landscapes. Conservation plans designed to mitigate the impacts of a single threat are likely to fail if additional threats are ignored. C1 [Bonebrake, Timothy C.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Bonebrake, Timothy C.; Anderson, Kurt E.; Mizerek, Toni; Regan, Helen M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Winchell, Clark] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Partnerships Programs, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. RP Regan, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM helen.regan@ucr.edu FU California Landscape Conservation Cooperative [5288768]; Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER64159]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0824708]; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's Conservation Partnerships Program FX This research was supported by the California Landscape Conservation Cooperative (5288768), Department of Energy (DE-FC02-06ER64159), the National Science Foundation (DEB-0824708), and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's Conservation Partnerships Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or other sponsors. We are grateful to A. and L. Flint for providing access to downscaled climate data. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1067 DI 10.1111/cobi.12253 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL9ZB UT WOS:000339501100017 PM 24606578 ER PT J AU Mcnew, LB Hunt, LM Gregory, AJ Wisely, SM Sandercock, BK AF Mcnew, Lance B. Hunt, Lyla M. Gregory, Andrew J. Wisely, Samantha M. Sandercock, Brett K. TI Effects of Wind Energy Development on Nesting Ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens in Fragmented Grasslands SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE before-after control-impact; grassland bird; habitat use; nest placement; nest survival; Tympanuchus; wind power ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; SAGE-GROUSE; HABITAT SELECTION; POPULATION; BIRD; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL AB Wind energy is targeted to meet 20% of U.S. energy needs by 2030, but new sites for development of renewable energy may overlap with important habitats of declining populations of grassland birds. Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) are an obligate grassland bird species predicted to respond negatively to energy development. We used a modified before-after control-impact design to test for impacts of a wind energy development on the reproductive ecology of prairie-chickens in a 5-year study. We located 59 and 185 nests before and after development, respectively, of a 201 MW wind energy facility in Greater Prairie-Chicken nesting habitat and assessed nest site selection and nest survival relative to proximity to wind energy infrastructure and habitat conditions. Proximity to turbines did not negatively affect nest site selection (beta = 0.03, 95% CI = -1.2-1.3) or nest survival (beta = -0.3, 95% CI = -0.6-0.1). Instead, nest site selection and survival were strongly related to vegetative cover and other local conditions determined by management for cattle production. Integration of our project results with previous reports of behavioral avoidance of oil and gas facilities by other species of prairie grouse suggests new avenues for research to mitigate impacts of energy development. C1 [Mcnew, Lance B.; Hunt, Lyla M.; Sandercock, Brett K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Mcnew, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM lmcnew@usgs.gov RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 FU Department of Energy; National Renewable Energies Laboratory (DOE); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Kansas and Oklahoma chapters of The Nature Conservancy; BP Alternative Energy; FPL Energy; Horizon Wind Energy; Iberdrola Renewables FX We thank the landowners who allowed us access to their lands and many dedicated field technicians who helped collect data. Funding and equipment were provided by a consortium of federal and state wildlife agencies, conservation groups, and wind energy partners under the oversight of the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative. Sponsors included the Department of Energy, National Renewable Energies Laboratory (DOE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Kansas and Oklahoma chapters of The Nature Conservancy, BP Alternative Energy, FPL Energy, Horizon Wind Energy, and Iberdrola Renewables. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1099 DI 10.1111/cobi.12258 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL9ZB UT WOS:000339501100020 PM 24628394 ER PT J AU Borker, AL Mckown, MW Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA Tershy, BR Croll, DA AF Borker, Abraham L. Mckown, Matthew W. Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Tershy, Bernie R. Croll, Donald A. TI Vocal Activity as a Low Cost and Scalable Index of Seabird Colony Size SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; bioacoustics; monitoring; population indices; seabirds ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FORSTERS TERN; AUDIO RECORDINGS; GULL COLONIES; ATTENDANCE; ABUNDANCE; CALIFORNIA; ISLAND; CONSERVATION; PACIFIC AB Although wildlife conservation actions have increased globally in number and complexity, the lack of scalable, cost-effective monitoring methods limits adaptive management and the evaluation of conservation efficacy. Automated sensors and computer-aided analyses provide a scalable and increasingly cost-effective tool for conservation monitoring. A key assumption of automated acoustic monitoring of birds is that measures of acoustic activity at colony sites are correlated with the relative abundance of nesting birds. We tested this assumption for nesting Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) in San Francisco Bay for 2 breeding seasons. Sensors recorded ambient sound at 7 colonies that had 15-111 nests in 2009 and 2010. Colonies were spaced at least 250 m apart and ranged from 36 to 2,571 m(2). We used spectrogram cross-correlation to automate the detection of tern calls from recordings. We calculated mean seasonal call rate and compared it with mean active nest count at each colony. Acoustic activity explained 71% of the variation in nest abundance between breeding sites and 88% of the change in colony size between years. These results validate a primary assumption of acoustic indices; that is, for terns, acoustic activity is correlated to relative abundance, a fundamental step toward designing rigorous and scalable acoustic monitoring programs to measure the effectiveness of conservation actions for colonial birds and other acoustically active wildlife. C1 [Borker, Abraham L.; Mckown, Matthew W.; Tershy, Bernie R.; Croll, Donald A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Borker, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM aborker@ucsc.edu OI Borker, Abraham/0000-0001-9583-5091 FU Packard Foundation Marine Birds Program; Friends of the Long Marine Lab; Frank M. Chapman Fund of the American Museum of Natural History; Michelle Wainstein, Conservation, Research and Education Opportunities (CREO); NSF FX We thank D. Spatz for her hard work in colonies and G. Baldassarre for his early inspiration. Funding provided by the Packard Foundation Marine Birds Program, Friends of the Long Marine Lab, the Frank M. Chapman Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, Michelle Wainstein, Conservation, Research and Education Opportunities (CREO), and a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1100 EP 1108 DI 10.1111/cobi.12264 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL9ZB UT WOS:000339501100021 PM 24628442 ER PT J AU Som, NA Monestiez, P Hoef, JMV Zimmerman, DL Peterson, EE AF Som, Nicholas A. Monestiez, Pascal Hoef, Jay M. Ver Zimmerman, Dale L. Peterson, Erin E. TI Spatial sampling on streams: principles for inference on aquatic networks SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE sampling design; spatial statistics; stream networks ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; STATISTICAL-MODELS; CHANNEL NETWORKS; LINEAR-MODEL; DESIGN; PREDICTION; CONNECTIVITY; VARIABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; SELECTION AB For ecological and environmental data, prior inquiries into spatial sampling designs have considered two-dimensional domains and have shown that design optimality depends on the characteristics of the target spatial domain and intended inference. The structure and water-driven continuity of streams prompted the development of spatial autocovariance models for stream networks. The unique properties of stream networks, and their spatial processes, warrant evaluation of sampling design characteristics in comparison with their two-dimensional counterparts. Common inference scenarios in stream networks include spatial prediction, estimation of fixed effects parameters, and estimation of autocovariance parameters, with prediction and fixed effects estimation most commonly coupled with autocovariance parameter estimation. We consider these inference scenarios under a suite of network characteristics and stream-network spatial processes. Our results demonstrate, for parameter estimation and prediction, the importance of collecting samples from specific network locations. Additionally, our results mirror aspects from the prior two-dimensional sampling design inquiries, namely, the importance of collecting some samples within clusters when autocovariance parameter estimation is required. These results can be applied to help refine sample site selection for future studies and further showcase that understanding the characteristics of the targeted spatial domain is essential for sampling design planning. Published 2014. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Som, Nicholas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Monestiez, Pascal] INRA, Biostat & Proc Spatiaux, Avignon, France. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Zimmerman, Dale L.] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Peterson, Erin E.] CSIRO Computat Informat, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia. RP Som, NA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM nicholas_som@fws.gov RI Peterson, Erin/D-2360-2009; OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895; Monestiez, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-2699 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis - National Science Foundation [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX This study was conducted as part of the Spatial Statistics for Streams Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara and the State of California. Note that any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments led to considerable improvements in the article. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG PY 2014 VL 25 IS 5 BP 306 EP 323 DI 10.1002/env.2284 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA AL8ZW UT WOS:000339429900002 ER PT J AU Meek, PD Ballard, G Claridge, A Kays, R Moseby, K O'Brien, T O'Connell, A Sanderson, J Swann, DE Tobler, M Townsend, S AF Meek, P. D. Ballard, G. Claridge, A. Kays, R. Moseby, K. O'Brien, T. O'Connell, A. Sanderson, J. Swann, D. E. Tobler, M. Townsend, S. TI Recommended guiding principles for reporting on camera trapping research SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Remote cameras; Trail cameras; Camera trap guidelines; Ecological monitoring; Camera trap methodology ID INFRARED DIGITAL CAMERAS; STANDARD PUBLICATION CHECKLIST; GROUND-DWELLING MAMMALS; SCIENTIFIC QUALITY; REMOTE PHOTOGRAPHY; ARRIVE GUIDELINES; TRIGGERED CAMERAS; FOREST MAMMALS; PANTHERA-ONCA; DENSITY AB Camera traps are used by scientists and natural resource managers to acquire ecological data, and the rapidly increasing camera trapping literature highlights how popular this technique has become. Nevertheless, the methodological information reported in camera trap publications can vary widely, making replication of the study difficult. Here we propose a series of guiding principles for reporting methods and results obtained using camera traps. Attributes of camera trapping we cover include: (i) specifying the model(s) of camera traps(s) used, (ii) mode of deployment, (iii) camera settings, and (iv) study design. In addition to suggestions regarding best practice data coding and analysis, we present minimum principles for standardizing information that we believe should be reported in all peer-reviewed papers. Standardised reporting enables more robust comparisons among studies, facilitates national and global reviews, enables greater ease of study replication, and leads to improved wildlife research and management outcomes. C1 [Meek, P. D.; Ballard, G.] NSW Dept Primary Ind, Vertebrate Pest Res Unit, Biosecur NSW, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia. [Meek, P. D.; Ballard, G.] Univ New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Meek, P. D.] Invas Anim CRC, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia. [Claridge, A.] NSW Natl Pk & Wildlife Serv, Nat Conservat Sect, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia. [Claridge, A.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys Environm & Math Sci, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. [Kays, R.] North Carolina Museum Nat Hist, Raleigh, NC USA. [Kays, R.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Moseby, K.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [O'Brien, T.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Mpala Res Ctr, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. [O'Connell, A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Sanderson, J.] Small Wild Cat Conservat Fdn, Corrales, NM 87048 USA. [Tobler, M.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Townsend, S.] Wildlife Ecol & Consulting, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Meek, PD (reprint author), NSW Dept Primary Ind, Vertebrate Pest Res Unit, Biosecur NSW, POB 530, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia. EM paul.meek@invasiveanimals.com NR 73 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 14 U2 136 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2321 EP 2343 DI 10.1007/s10531-014-0712-8 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL4LK UT WOS:000339104300012 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Blanchfield, PJ Hrenchuk, LE Van Walleghem, JLA AF Madenjian, Charles P. Blanchfield, Paul J. Hrenchuk, Lee E. Van Walleghem, Jillian L. A. TI Mercury Elimination Rates for Adult Northern Pike Esox lucius: Evidence for a Sex Effect SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Excretion rate; Maturity; Sex steroids; Testosterone; Tracers ID TROPHIC TRANSFER EFFICIENCY; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORIES; GREAT-LAKES REGION; METHYLMERCURY; PREY; MICE; WILD; ACCUMULATION; EXCRETION AB We examined the effect of sex on mercury elimination in fish by monitoring isotope-enriched mercury concentrations in the muscle tissue of three adult female and three adult male northern pike Esox lucius, which had accumulated the isotope-enriched mercury via a whole-lake manipulation and were subsequently moved to a clean lake. Mercury elimination rates for female and male northern pike were estimated to be 0.00034 and 0.00073 day(-1), respectively. Thus, males were capable of eliminating mercury at more than double the rate than that of females. To the best of our knowledge, our study represents the first documentation of mercury elimination rates varying between the sexes of fish. This sex difference in elimination rates should be taken into account when comparing mercury accumulation between the sexes of fish from the same population. Further, our findings should eventually lead to an improved understanding of mechanisms responsible for mercury elimination in vertebrates. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Blanchfield, Paul J.; Hrenchuk, Lee E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Van Walleghem, Jillian L. A.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Dryden, ON P8N 2Z4, Canada. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU Manitoba Hydro; ELA Graduate Fellowship Fund; University of Manitoba; Province of Manitoba FX We thank L. Tate, J. Ryman, M. Gillespie, S. Backhouse, S. Barfoot, as well as other ELA staff and students, for their field support, and H. Hintelmann, B. Dimock, and J. Zhu for mercury analyses. Manitoba Hydro provided financial support for this study. The study was also supported by scholarships from the ELA Graduate Fellowship Fund, Province of Manitoba, and University of Manitoba to J. Van Walleghem. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This article is Contribution 1834 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 93 IS 2 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s00128-014-1256-z PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AL4LM UT WOS:000339104500003 PM 24667854 ER PT J AU Cumming, VM Selby, D Lillis, PG Lewan, MD AF Cumming, Vivien M. Selby, David Lillis, Paul G. Lewan, Michael D. TI Re-Os geochronology and Os isotope fingerprinting of petroleum sourced from a Type I lacustrine kerogen: Insights from the natural Green River petroleum system in the Uinta Basin and hydrous pyrolysis experiments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RICH SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; ATLANTIC MARGIN; WESTERN CANADA; U-PB; HYDROCARBON MATURATION; BLACK SHALE; OIL SANDS; ICP-MS; OSMIUM AB Rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) geochronology of marine petroleum systems has allowed the determination of the depositional age of source rocks as well as the timing of petroleum generation. In addition, Os isotopes have been applied as a fingerprinting tool to correlate oil to its source unit. To date, only classic marine petroleum systems have been studied. Here we present Re-Os geochronology and Os isotope fingerprinting of different petroleum phases (oils, tar sands and gilsonite) derived from the lacustrine Green River petroleum system in the Uinta Basin, USA. In addition we use an experimental approach, hydrous pyrolysis experiments, to compare to the Re-Os data of naturally generated petroleum in order to further understand the mechanisms of Re and Os transfer to petroleum. The Re-Os geochronology of petroleum from the lacustrine Green River petroleum system (19 +/- 14 Ma - all petroleum phases) broadly agrees with previous petroleum generation basin models (similar to 25 Ma) suggesting that Re-Os geochronology of variable petroleum phases derived from lacustrine Type I kerogen has similar systematics to Type II kerogen (e. g., Selby and Creaser, 2005a, b; Finlay et al., 2010). However, the large uncertainties (over 100% in some cases) produced for the petroleum Re-Os geochronology are a result of multiple generation events occurring through a similar to 3000-m thick source unit that creates a mixture of initial Os isotope compositions in the produced petroleum phases. The Os-187/Os-188 values for the petroleum and source rocks at the time of oil generation vary from 1.4 to 1.9, with the mode at similar to 1.6. Oil-to-source correlation using Os isotopes is consistent with previous correlation studies in the Green River petroleum system, and illustrates the potential utility of Os isotopes to characterize the spatial variations within a petroleum system. Hydrous pyrolysis experiments on the Green River Formation source rocks show that Re and Os transfer are mimicking the natural system. This transfer from source to bitumen to oil does not affect source rock Re-Os systematics or Os isotopic compositions. This confirms that Os isotope compositions are transferred intact from source to petroleum during petroleum generation and can be used as a powerful correlation tool. These experiments further confirm that Re-Os systematics in source rocks are not adversely affected by petroleum maturation. Overall this study illustrates that the Re-Os petroleum geochronometer and Os isotope fingerprinting tools can be used on a wide range of petroleum types sourced from variable kerogen types. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cumming, Vivien M.; Selby, David] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Cumming, Vivien M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lillis, Paul G.; Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cumming, VM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vcumming@g.harvard.edu FU Lundin Petroleum CeREES Ph.D. scholarship; AAPG Gustavus E. Archie Memorial International Grant FX This research was funded by a Lundin Petroleum CeREES Ph.D. scholarship and an AAPG Gustavus E. Archie Memorial International Grant awarded to V. M. C. The USGS and UCRC are thanked for providing petroleum samples. Tim Ruble is thanked for providing gilsonite samples and advice on sampling strategy. Andrew Rupke at the Utah Geological Survey is thanked for help with location of tar sands in the field. The USGS laboratory staff (Zach Lowry) are thanked for help with analyses. Michelle Tuttle is thanked for help with core logs and sample information. Alan Rooney is thanked for logistical assistance and sample collection in the field. Robert Dias and Dave Ferderer, Katz Suzuki, and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 138 BP 32 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.016 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AL5LN UT WOS:000339175300003 ER PT J AU Atkinson, CT Utzurrum, RB Lapointe, DA Camp, RJ Crampton, LH Foster, JT Giambelluca, TW AF Atkinson, Carter T. Utzurrum, Ruth B. Lapointe, Dennis A. Camp, Richard J. Crampton, Lisa H. Foster, Jeffrey T. Giambelluca, Thomas W. TI Changing climate and the altitudinal range of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands - an ongoing conservation crisis on the island of Kaua'i SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease transmission; Hawai'i; honeycreeper; Plasmodium relictum; streamflow; threatened species ID PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; FOREST BIRDS; PREVALENCE; DISEASES; HONEYCREEPERS; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; VARIABILITY; EXTINCTION AB Transmission of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands varies across altitudinal gradients and is greatest at elevations below 1500 m where both temperature and moisture are favorable for the sole mosquito vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, and extrinsic sporogonic development of the parasite, Plasmodium relictum. Potential consequences of global warming on this system have been recognized for over a decade with concerns that increases in mean temperatures could lead to expansion of malaria into habitats where cool temperatures currently limit transmission to highly susceptible endemic forest birds. Recent declines in two endangered species on the island of Kaua'i, the 'Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) and 'Akeke'e (Loxops caeruleirostris), and retreat of more common native honeycreepers to the last remaining high elevation habitat on the Alaka'i Plateau suggest that predicted changes in disease transmission may be occurring. We compared prevalence of malarial infections in forest birds that were sampled at three locations on the Plateau during 1994-1997 and again during 2007-2013, and also evaluated changes in the occurrence of mosquito larvae in available aquatic habitats during the same time periods. Prevalence of infection increased significantly at the lower (1100 m, 10.3% to 28.2%), middle (1250 m, 8.4% to 12.2%), and upper ends of the Plateau (1350 m, 2.0% to 19.3%). A concurrent increase in detections of Culex larvae in aquatic habitats associated with stream margins indicates that populations of the vector are also increasing. These increases are at least in part due to local transmission because overall prevalence in Kaua'i 'Elepaio (Chasiempis sclateri), a sedentary native species, has increased from 17.2% to 27.0%. Increasing mean air temperatures, declining precipitation, and changes in streamflow that have taken place over the past 20 years are creating environmental conditions throughout major portions of the Alaka'i Plateau that support increased transmission of avian malaria. C1 [Atkinson, Carter T.; Lapointe, Dennis A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Utzurrum, Ruth B.; Camp, Richard J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Crampton, Lisa H.] State Hawaii, Dept Land & Nat Resources, Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Project, Hanapepe, HI 96716 USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Atkinson, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM catkinson@usgs.gov OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X; LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X; Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564; Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Partnership Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office; State of Hawai'i, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Kaua'i Forest Bird Recovery Project; U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program; National Science Foundation Hawai'i EPSCoR grant [EPS-0903833]; Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative award [F10A00079] FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Partnership Program, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, the State of Hawai'i, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Kaua'i Forest Bird Recovery Project, and the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program for financial and kind support that made this study possible. Participation of TWG was supported by National Science Foundation Hawai'i EPSCoR grant no. EPS-0903833 and Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative award F10A00079. We also thank numerous former USGS project leaders, technicians, and interns, as well as current and former personnel with the Kaua'i Forest Bird Recovery Project for field work that made mosquito surveys and collection of blood samples possible. These include Tom Snetsinger and Christina Hermann of the Puaiohi Field Project; Robert Dusek, Julie Lease, and Beth Drake from USGS, Kilauea Field Station; numerous interns at Kilauea Field Station (1994-1997); and Pauline Roberts, Lucas Behnke, Barbara Heindl, Ruby Hammond, Lauren Solomon, Jeremy Russell, and many interns of the Kaua'i Forest Bird Recovery Project (2007-2013). Melanie Quiver and Kevin Drees of Northern Arizona University assisted with PCR analyses of blood samples. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 14 U2 114 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2426 EP 2436 DI 10.1111/gcb.12535 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL4JW UT WOS:000339100200007 PM 24446093 ER PT J AU Kurylyk, BL McKenzie, JM MacQuarrie, KTB Voss, CI AF Kurylyk, Barret L. McKenzie, Jeffrey M. MacQuarrie, Kerry T. B. Voss, Clifford I. TI Analytical solutions for benchmarking cold regions subsurface water flow and energy transport models: One-dimensional soil thaw with conduction and advection SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Analytical solutions; Thawing front; Phase change; Thermohydraulic models; Stefan problem; Freezing and thawing ID PHASE-CHANGE; HEAT-TRANSPORT; ACTIVE-LAYER; FROZEN SOILS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; PERMAFROST; TEMPERATURE AB Numerous cold regions water flow and energy transport models have emerged in recent years. Dissimilarities often exist in their mathematical formulations and/or numerical solution techniques, but few analytical solutions exist for benchmarking flow and energy transport models that include pore water phase change. This paper presents a detailed derivation of the Lunardini solution, an approximate analytical solution for predicting soil thawing subject to conduction, advection, and phase change. Fifteen thawing scenarios are examined by considering differences in porosity, surface temperature, Darcy velocity, and initial temperature. The accuracy of the Lunardini solution is shown to be proportional to the Stefan number. The analytical solution results obtained for soil thawing scenarios with water flow and advection are compared to those obtained from the finite element model SUTRA. Three problems, two involving the Lunardini solution and one involving the classic Neumann solution, are recommended as standard benchmarks for future model development and testing. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kurylyk, Barret L.; MacQuarrie, Kerry T. B.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Civil Engn, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [McKenzie, Jeffrey M.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kurylyk, BL (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Civil Engn, 17 Dineen Dr,POB 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. EM barret.kwylyk@unb.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Water Resources Association Dillon Scholarship; O'Brien Fellowship FX We thank Editor D. Andrew Barry and four anonymous reviewers for their recommendations which improved the quality of this contribution. Alden Provost of the U.S. Geological Survey provided many valuable suggestions for this paper, particularly regarding the selection and derviation of the appropriate Lunardini solution for benchmarking. B.L. Kurylyk was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada postgraduate scholarships (Julie Payette PGS and CGSD3), the Canadian Water Resources Association Dillon Scholarship, and an O'Brien Fellowship. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 70 BP 172 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.05.005 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AL0GJ UT WOS:000338805100014 ER PT J AU Kolak, JJ Burruss, RC AF Kolak, Jonathan J. Burruss, Robert C. TI The use of solvent extractions and solubility theory to discern hydrocarbon associations in coal, with application to the coal-supercritical CO2 system SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Alkanes; Perdeuterated; Supercritical carbon dioxide; Coal macerals; Hildebrand solubility parameter; Hansen solubility parameter ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REGULAR SOLUTION THEORY; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PETROLEUM EXPULSION; BITUMINOUS COALS; ACTIVATED CARBON; OIL GENERATION; COKING PROCESS; LOW-RANK AB Samples of three high volatile bituminous coals were subjected to parallel sets of extractions involving solvents dichloromethane (DCM), carbon disulfide (CS2), and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) (40 degrees C, 100 bar) to study processes affecting coal-solvent interactions. Recoveries of perdeuterated surrogate compounds, n-hexadecane-d34 and four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), added as a spike prior to extraction, provided further insight into these processes. Soxhlet-DCM and Soxhlet-CS2 extractions yielded similar amounts of extractable organic matter (EOM) and distributions of individual hydrocarbons. Supercritical CO2 extractions (40 degrees C, 100 bar) yielded approximately an order of magnitude less EOM. Hydrocarbon distributions in supercritical CO2 extracts generally mimicked distributions from the other solvent extracts, albeit at lower concentrations. This disparity increased with increasing molecular weight of target hydrocarbons. Five-and six-ring ring PAHs generally were not detected and no asphaltenes were recovered in supercritical CO2 extractions conducted at 40 degrees C and 100 bar. Supercritical CO2 extraction at elevated temperature (115 degrees C) enhanced recovery of four-ring and fivering PAHs, dibenzothiophene (DBT), and perdeuterated PAH surrogate compounds. These results are only partially explained through comparison with previous measurements of hydrocarbon solubility in supercritical CO2. Similarly, an evaluation of extraction results in conjunction with solubility theory (Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters) does not fully account for the hydrocarbon distributions observed among the solvent extracts. Coal composition (maceral content) did not appear to affect surrogate recovery during CS2 and DCM extractions but might affect supercritical CO2 extractions, which revealed substantive uptake (partitioning) of PAH surrogates into the coal samples. This uptake was greatest in the sample (IN-1) with the highest vitrinite content. These findings indicate that hydrocarbon solubility does not exert a strong influence on hydrocarbon behavior in the systems studied. Other factors such as coal composition and maceral content, surface processes (physisorption), or other molecular interactions appear to affect the partitioning of hydrocarbons within the coal-supercritical CO2 system. Resolving the extent to which these factors might affect hydrocarbon behavior under different geological settings is important to efforts seeking to model petroleum generation, fractionation and expulsion from coal beds and to delineate potential hydrocarbon fate and transport in geologic CO2 sequestration settings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kolak, Jonathan J.; Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kolak, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkolak@usgs.gov OI Kolak, Jonathan/0000-0003-2981-9522 FU USGS Energy Resources and Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Programs. FX The authors thank Nick Fedorko (West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey), Hal Gluskoter (USGS), Maria Mastalerz (Indiana Geological Survey), and Leslie Ruppert (USGS) for their assistance in obtaining the coal samples used in this study. We appreciate the insightful reviews from Paul Hackley (USGS), Burt Thomas (USGS) and one anonymous reviewer, and the efforts of Associate Editor Cliff Walters to provide constructive comments and to facilitate the review process. This work was supported through the USGS Energy Resources and Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Programs. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 12 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 73 BP 56 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.05.002 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AL2PM UT WOS:000338967500007 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, DM Harms, CA AF Mulcahy, Daniel M. Harms, Craig A. TI Experimental methods fail to address the questions posed in studies of surgical techniques SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Letter DE Surgery; Aseptic technique; Implantation; Infections; Transmitters ID HYBRID STRIPED BASS; FILE DRAWER PROBLEM; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; SUTURE TYPE; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; SIMULATED TRANSMITTERS; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BIOLOGICAL-RESEARCH; DUMMY TRANSMITTERS C1 [Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Harms, Craig A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Harms, Craig A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dmulcahy@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 156 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.028 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OM UT WOS:000338617600001 ER PT J AU Stets, EG Kelly, VJ Crawford, CG AF Stets, E. G. Kelly, V. J. Crawford, C. G. TI Long-term trends in alkalinity in large rivers of the conterminous US in relation to acidification, agriculture, and hydrologic modification SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Rivers; Trends; Alkalinity; Weathering; Acid deposition; Environmental history ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CARBON; ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SOIL RESPIRATION; NORTH-AMERICA; HUBBARD BROOK; ACID-RAIN; LAND-USE; EXPORT AB Alkalinity increases in large rivers of the conterminous US are well known, but less is understood about the processes leading to these trends as compared with headwater systems more intensively examined in conjunction with acid deposition studies. Nevertheless, large rivers are important conduits of inorganic carbon and other solutes to coastal areas and may have substantial influence on coastal calcium carbonate saturation dynamics. We examined long-term (mid-20th to early 21st century) trends in alkalinity and other weathering products in 23 rivers of the conterminous US. We used a rigorous flow-weighting technique which allowed greater focus on solute trends occurring independently of changes in flow. Increasing alkalinity concentrations and yield were widespread, occurring at 14 and 13 stations, respectively. Analysis of trends in other weathering products suggested that the causes of alkalinity trends were diverse, but at many stations alkalinity increases coincided with decreasing nitrate + sulfate and decreasing cation:alkalinity ratios, which is consistent with recovery from acidification. A positive correlation between the Sen-Thiel slopes of alkalinity increases and agricultural lime usage indicated that agricultural lime contributed to increasing solute concentration in some areas. However, several stations including the Altamaha, Upper Mississippi, and San Joaquin Rivers exhibited solute trends, such as increasing cation:alkalinity ratios and increasing nitrate + sulfate, more consistent with increasing acidity, emphasizing that multiple processes affect alkalinity trends in large rivers. This study was unique in its examination of alkalinity trends in large rivers covering a wide range of climate and land use types, but more detailed analyses will help to better elucidate temporal changes to river solutes and especially the effects they may have on coastal calcium carbonate saturation state. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stets, E. G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kelly, V. J.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Crawford, C. G.] US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Stets, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St,Ste 8-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM estets@usgs.gov RI Zhang, Jianming/A-2994-2011; OI Zhang, Jianming/0000-0001-7053-7696; Crawford, Charles/0000-0003-1653-7841; Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196 FU USGS National Water Quality Assessment Century of Trends project FX This work was funded as part of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Century of Trends project. We thank Gretchen Oelsner and Pete Murdoch, who reviewed earlier versions of this manuscript. E.G.S, V.J.K, and C.G.C have no conflicts of interest to declare. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 488 BP 280 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.054 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7IA UT WOS:000338600800030 PM 24836138 ER PT J AU Morrison, KD Underwood, JC Metge, DW Eberl, DD Williams, LB AF Morrison, Keith D. Underwood, Jennifer C. Metge, David W. Eberl, Dennis D. Williams, Lynda B. TI Mineralogical variables that control the antibacterial effectiveness of a natural clay deposit SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Antibacterial; Clays; Iron redox; Pyrite; Pathogens; Bacteria ID HEAVY-METAL RESISTANCE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PYRITE OXIDATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE ASSAY; ACIDIFIED NITRITE; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; CHRONIC WOUNDS; MINE-DRAINAGE; SURFACE PH AB As antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains emerge and pose increased global health risks, new antibacterial agents are needed as alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. Naturally occurring antibacterial clays have been identified which are effective in killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study examines a hydrothermally formed antibacterial clay deposit near Crater Lake, OR (USA). Our hypothesis is that antibacterial clays buffer pH and Eh conditions to dissolve unstable mineral phases containing transition metals (primarily Fe2+), while smectite interlayers serve as reservoirs for time release of bactericidal components. Model pathogens (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990) were incubated with clays from different alteration zones of the hydrothermal deposit. In vitro antibacterial susceptibility testing showed that reduced mineral zones were bactericidal, while more oxidized zones had variable antibacterial effect. TEM images showed no indication of cell lysis. Cytoplasmic condensation and cell wall accumulations of < 100 nm particles were seen within both bacterial populations. Electron energy loss analysis indicates precipitation of intracellular Fe3+-oxide nanoparticles (< 10 nm) in E. coli after 24 h. Clay minerals and pyrite buffer aqueous solutions to pH 2.5-3.1, Eh > 630 mV and contain elevated level (mM) of soluble Fe (Fe2+ and Fe3+) and Al3+. Our interpretation is that rapid uptake of Fe2+ impairs bacterial metabolism by flooding the cell with excess Fe2+ and overwhelming iron storage proteins. As the intracellular Fe2+ oxidizes, it produces reactive oxygen species that damage biomolecules and precipitates Fe-oxides. The ability of antibacterial clays to buffer pH and Eh in chronic non-healing wounds to conditions of healthy skin appears key to their healing potential and viability as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. C1 [Morrison, Keith D.; Williams, Lynda B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Underwood, Jennifer C.; Metge, David W.; Eberl, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Morrison, KD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM keith.morrison@asu.edu FU National Science foundation [EAR-1123931]; Clay Minerals Society; Geological Society of America FX The authors are grateful for the use of the United States Geological Survey (Boulder CO), X-ray Diffraction Lab. Various laboratories at Arizona State University supported this work, and we thank David Lowry and Robert Roberson in the School of Life Sciences (SOLS) Bioimaging Facility-Electron microscopy division; Stanley Williams for observations in the field; Sandra Londono Arias for assistance with the TEM; Thomas Groy for XRD facilities at ASU; Everett Shock for use of his biogeochemistry lab; Steve Romaneillo for ICP-MS analyses in the W. M. Keck Foundation Laboratory for Environmental Biogeochemistry; Rajeev Misra (SOLS) and Amisha Poret-Peterson in the Astrobiology Inst. for help with microbiology techniques; Karl Weiss and Jiangtao Zhu in the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science for help with the STEM-EELS imaging. This research was funded by Grant (EAR-1123931) from the National Science foundation, the Clay Minerals Society, and the Geological Society of America. NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 EI 1573-2983 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD AUG PY 2014 VL 36 IS 4 BP 613 EP 631 DI 10.1007/s10653-013-9585-0 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA AK2GL UT WOS:000338237000002 PM 24258612 ER PT J AU Lester, MB van Riper, C AF Lester, Michael B. van Riper, Charles, III TI The distribution and extent of heavy metal accumulation in song sparrows along Arizona's upper Santa Cruz River SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Heavy metals; Song sparrow; Santa Cruz River; Wastewater treatment; Mining; Body condition ID TIT PARUS-MAJOR; GREAT TITS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BODY CONDITION; DELAWARE BAYS; BLOOD; FEATHERS; MERCURY; LEAD; POLLUTION AB Heavy metals are persistent environmental contaminants, and transport of metals into the environment poses a threat to ecosystems, as plants and wildlife are susceptible to long-term exposure, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. We investigated the distribution and cascading extent of heavy metal accumulation in southwestern song sparrows (Melospiza melodia fallax), a resident riparian bird species that occurs along the US/Mexico border in Arizona's upper Santa Cruz River watershed. This study had three goals: (1) quantify the degree of heavy metal accumulation in sparrows and determine the distributional patterns among study sites, (2) compare concentrations of metals found in this study to those found in studies performed prior to a 2009 international wastewater facility upgrade, and (3) assess the condition of song sparrows among sites with differing potential levels of exposure. We examined five study sites along with a reference site that reflect different potential sources of contamination. Body mass residuals and leukocyte counts were used to assess sparrow condition. Birds at our study sites typically had higher metal concentrations than birds at the reference site. Copper, mercury, nickel, and selenium in song sparrows did exceed background levels, although most metals were below background concentrations determined from previous studies. Song sparrows generally showed lower heavy metal concentrations compared to studies conducted prior to the 2009 wastewater facility upgrade. We found no cascading effects as a result of metal exposure. C1 [Lester, Michael B.; van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, SDRS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lester, MB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1110 E South Campus Dr,Room 123, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mlester126@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey; US National Park Service, TE Inc.; Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch Foundation; Arizona Field Ornithologists FX The authors would like to thank Marshall Massayesva and Francesca Massarotto for their help with fieldwork. Arizona State Parks, Tumacacori National Historical Park, and the US International Boundary and Water Commission graciously provided access to study sites. The US Geological Survey, the US National Park Service, T&E Inc., the Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch Foundation, and Arizona Field Ornithologists generously provided funding for this study. This project was completed with IACUC approval, PHS Assurance No. A-3248-01, USDA No. 86-3. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 186 IS 8 BP 4779 EP 4791 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3737-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK2UR UT WOS:000338275500011 PM 24729180 ER PT J AU Reyes, JC Riano, AC Kalkan, E Quintero, OA Arango, CM AF Reyes, Juan C. Riano, Andrea C. Kalkan, Erol Quintero, Oscar A. Arango, Carlos M. TI Assessment of spectrum matching procedure for nonlinear analysis of symmetric- and asymmetric-plan buildings SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Response history analysis; Spectrum matching; Asymmetric-plan buildings; Seismic design; Amplitude scaling ID RECORDS AB Current performance-based seismic design procedures rely on response history analysis (RHA) for estimating engineering demand parameters (EDPs) of base-isolated structures, high-rise buildings and irregular structural systems. Ground motion records for RHAs should be appositely selected in compliance with site-specific hazard conditions, and properly modified either by amplitude-scaling or spectrum matching (SM) to ensure that the modified records provide accurate and efficient estimates of "expected" median demands. While amplitude-scaling techniques change intensity of the ground motion record, SM methods also alter the record's waveform (in frequency or time domain) to match its response spectrum to a target (or design) spectrum. The research on adequacy of spectrum-matched records for nonlinear RHAs of buildings is not only limited to symmetric-plan buildings subjected to one component of ground motion but also lacks consensus. This study comprehensively examines the accuracy and efficiency of a SM method for nonlinear RHAs under bi-directional earthquake excitations by covering single- and multi-story buildings having symmetric- and asymmetric-plans. For this evaluation, three-dimensional computer models of 48 single-story and nine multi-story buildings were created. Their structural responses were obtained from subsets of seven records modified by SM and separately by amplitude-scaling according to the regulatory ASCE/SEI 7-10 scaling procedure. The accuracy and efficiency of both procedures are examined by comparing their median EDP estimates from subset of records against the median values of EDPs due to a larger set of unscaled records, and by comparing record-to-record variability of the response. It is shown that the time-domain SM procedure provides more accurate median EDP estimates as compared to the ASCE/SEI 7-10 amplitude scaling procedure; however, it critically vanishes the variability of EDPs associated with aleatoric uncertainty in ground motion records. Retaining a certain level of aleatoric variability in EDPs can be an important parameter to be considered for certain projects. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reyes, Juan C.; Riano, Andrea C.; Quintero, Oscar A.; Arango, Carlos M.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reyes, JC (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cra 1 18A-12, Bogota, Colombia. EM jureyes@uniandes.edu.co RI Reyes, Juan/R-3055-2016 OI Reyes, Juan/0000-0003-0690-2956 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 EI 1873-7323 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 72 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.035 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AJ7JY UT WOS:000337874200016 ER PT J AU Swayze, GA Clark, RN Goetz, AFH Livo, KE Breit, GN Kruse, FA Sutley, SJ Snee, LW Lowers, HA Post, JL Stoffregen, RE Ashley, RP AF Swayze, Gregg A. Clark, Roger N. Goetz, Alexander F. H. Livo, K. Eric Breit, George N. Kruse, Fred A. Sutley, Stephen J. Snee, Lawrence W. Lowers, Heather A. Post, James L. Stoffregen, Roger E. Ashley, Roger P. TI Mapping Advanced Argillic Alteration at Cuprite, Nevada, Using Imaging Spectroscopy SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KAOLIN-GROUP MINERALS; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; WAVE INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; INDIO-PASCUA BELT; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; MINING DISTRICT; ALTERED ROCKS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS AB Mineral maps based on Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data were used to study late Miocene advanced argillic alteration at Cuprite, Nevada. Distributions of Fe-bearing minerals, clays, micas, sulfates, and carbonates were mapped using the Tetracorder spectral-shape matching system. The Al content of white micas increases toward altered areas and near intrusive rocks. Alunite composition varies from pure K to intimate mixtures of Na-K endmembers with subpixel occurrences of huangite, the Ca analogue of alunite. Intimately mixed Na-K alunite marks areas of relatively lower alteration temperature, whereas co-occurring Na-alunite and dickite may delineate relict hydrothermal conduits. The presence of dickite, halloysite, and well-ordered kaolinite, but absence of disordered kaolinite, is consistent with acidic conditions during hydrothermal alteration. Partial lichen cover on opal spectrally mimics chalcedony, limiting its detection to lichen-free areas. Pods of buddingtonite are remnants of initial quartz-adularia-smectite alteration. Thus, spectral maps provide a synoptic view of the surface mineralogy, and define a previously unrecognized early steam-heated hydrothermal event. Faulting and episodes of hydrothermal alteration at Cuprite were intimately linked to upper plate movements above the Silver Peak-Lone Mountain detachment and growth, collapse, and resurgence of the nearby Stonewall Mountain volcanic complex between 8 and 5 Ma. Isotopic dating indicates that hydrothermal activity started at least by 7.61 Ma and ended by about 6.2 Ma. Spectral and stable isotope data suggest that Cuprite is a late Miocene low-sulfidation adularia-sericite type hot spring deposit overprinted by late-stage, steam-heated advanced argillic alteration formed along the margin of the Stonewall Mountain caldera. C1 [Swayze, Gregg A.; Clark, Roger N.; Livo, K. Eric; Breit, George N.; Sutley, Stephen J.; Snee, Lawrence W.; Lowers, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Goetz, Alexander F. H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Emeritas, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kruse, Fred A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kruse, Fred A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Stoffregen, Roger E.] AWK Consulting Engn, Turtle Creek, PA 15145 USA. [Ashley, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Swayze, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964 Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gswayze@usgs.gov FU USGS Spectral Library and Remote Sensing Projects; NASA program [W15805] FX Many people contributed their time, ideas, and mineral samples to this study. Special thanks are due G. Plumlee, R. Bisdorf, S. Cunningham, C. Alpers, A. Brayko, C. Gent, S. Huebner, T. King, M. Hudson, T. Grauch, I. Brownfield, W. Hamilton, C. Kortemeier, W. Buller, B. Atkinson, M. Kraus, B. Emery, A. Gallagher, R. Kokaly, D. Allerton, R. McDougal, D. Yager, C. Holm-Denoma, and many others. Thoughtful suggestions and/or reviews from J. Mars, S. Cunningham, J. Dilles, A. Thompson, T. Cudahy, J. Hedenquist, R. Rye, B. Rockwell, B. Berger, B. Minsley, D. Bish, W Calvin, and E. Balan significantly improved the manuscript. R.O. Green and the AVIRIS team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory supplied AVIRIS data and their "can do" attitude. R. Rye and P. Middlestead provided stable isotopic measurements. C.L. Deyell provided a huangite-bearing alunite sample. R. Fleck provided the whole rock isotopic age on the pediment basalt. Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corporation and Nevada Western Silica Corporation provided borehole data. Newmont Mining provided access to borehole cuttings. This study is dedicated to George Desborough for his relentless encouragement to investigate all things alunite and to Larry Rowan for introducing Cuprite to the remote sensing community. The USGS Spectral Library and Remote Sensing Projects, and the NASA program W15805 (R. Clark, PI) provided funding. Any use of trade, firm, or product names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 134 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 33 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1221 PG 43 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AJ0IL UT WOS:000337334100002 ER PT J AU Vikre, PG Graybeal, FT Koutz, FR AF Vikre, Peter G. Graybeal, Frederick T. Koutz, Fleetwood R. TI Concealed Basalt-Matrix Diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-Mineralized Xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Final County, Arizona SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CU-FE-S; SULFUR; TEMPERATURES; INTRUSION; BEHAVIOR; MAGMAS AB The Santa Cruz porphyry Cu-(Mo) system near Casa Grande, Arizona, includes the Sacaton mine deposits and at least five other concealed, mineralized fault blocks with an estimated minimum resource of 1.5 Gt @ 0.6% Cu. The Late Cretaceous-Paleocene system has been dismembered and rotated by Tertiary extension, partially eroded, and covered by Tertiary-Quaternary basin-fill deposits. The mine and mineralized fault blocks, which form an 11 km (similar to 7 miles) by 1.6 km (similar to 1 mile) NE-SW-trending alignment, represent either pieces of one large deposit, several deposits, or pieces of several deposits. The southwestern part of the known system is penetrated by three or more diatremes that consist of heterolithic breccia pipes with basalt and clastic matrices, and subannular tuff ring and maar-fill sedimentary deposits associated with vents. The tephra and maar-fill deposits, which are covered by similar to 485 to 910 m (similar to 1,600-3,000 ft) of basin fill, lie on a mid-Tertiary erosion surface of Middle Proterozoic granite and Late Cretaceous porphyry, which compose most xenoliths in pipes and are the host rocks of the system. Some igneous xenoliths in the pipes contain bomite-chalcopyrite-covellite assemblages with hypogene grades >1 wt % Cu, 0.01 ounces per ton (oz/t) Au, 0.5 oz/t Ag, and small amounts of Mo (<0.01 wt %). These xenoliths were derived from mineralized rocks that have not been encountered in drill holes, and attest to additional, possibly higher-grade deposits within or subjacent to the known system. The geometry, stratigraphy, and temporal relationships of pipes and tephras, interpreted from drill hole spacing and intercepts, multigenerational breccias and matrices, reequilibrated and partially decomposed sulfide-oxide mineral assemblages, melted xenoliths, and breccia matrix compositions show that the diatremes formed in repeated stages. Initial pulses of basalt magma fractured granite, porphyry, and other crustal rocks during intrusion, transported multi-sized fragments of these rocks upward, and partially melted small fragments. Rapid decompression of magma induced catastrophic devolatilization that ruptured overlying rocks to the surface, and generated fragment-volatile suspensions that abraded conduits into near-vertical cylindrical structures. Fragments entrained in suspensions were milled and sorted, and ejected as basal surge, pyroclastic deposits, and airfall tephra that built tuff rings around vents and filled vent depressions. Comminuted m- to mm-sized fragments of wall rocks in magma and suspensions that remained in conduits solidified as heterolithic breccias. Subsequent pulses of basalt magma ascended through the same conduits, brecciated older heterolithic breccias, devolatilized, and quenched, leaving two or more generations of nested and mingled heterolithic breccias and internal zones of fluidized fragments. Tephra and maar-fill deposits from later eruptions are composed of more hydrous and oxidized minerals than earlier tephras, reflecting a higher proportion of water in transport fluid which, based on fluid inclusion populations in mineralized xenoliths, was saline water and CO2. The large vertical extent (similar to 600 m; similar to 2,000 ft) of basalt matrix in pipes, near-paleosurface matrix vesiculation, and plastically deformed basalt lapilli indicates that diatreme eruptions were predominantly phreatic. Diatreme xenoliths represent crustal stratigraphy and, as in the Santa Cruz system, provide evidence of concealed mineral resources that can guide exploration drilling through cover. Vectors to the source of bornite-dominant xenoliths containing >1% Cu and significant Au and Ag could be determined by refinement of breccia pipe geometries, by reassembly of mineralized fault blocks using modal, chemical, and temporal characteristics of hydrothermal mineral assemblages and fluid inclusions, and by paleodrainage analysis. C1 [Vikre, Peter G.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Graybeal, Frederick T.] Explorat Management LLC, Chatham, NJ 07928 USA. RP Vikre, PG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM pvikre@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1289 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AJ0IL UT WOS:000337334100005 ER PT J AU MacCracken, JG Lemons, PR Garlich-Miller, JL Snyder, JA AF MacCracken, James G. Lemons, Patrick R., III Garlich-Miller, Joel L. Snyder, Jonathan A. TI An index of optimum sustainable population for the Pacific Walrus SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Marine mammal; Monitoring; Policy; Population objective; Subsistence harvest ID MARINE MAMMALS; NATIONAL-PARK; AGE RATIOS; DYNAMICS; POLICIES; CLIMATE; TRENDS AB The United States Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA) specified that marine mammal stocks be maintained at an optimum sustainable population level (OSP). However, the information needed to directly estimate OSP for most stocks was not available and indices to OSP were soon proposed but to our knowledge none were fully developed. In 1994, a new management regime was adopted under the MMPA, potential biological removal (PBR), which was specifically developed to assess marine mammal mortalities associated with commercial fisheries. Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) are rarely killed in commercial fisheries, the greatest source of human caused mortality is the subsistence harvest by Alaskan and Russian natives, and PBR estimates have been erroneously used to make inference about the sustainability of the subsistence harvest. It is clear that an index to OSP is needed for the Pacific walrus because PBR as calculated for fisheries is not appropriate. In this study, we explored calf:cow ratios (CCR), estimated from spring harvest data, as an index to population abundance and OSP as a function of habitat carrying capacity (K). Eight of the 10 characteristics of an effective index are applicable to CCRs. Based on abundance estimates when the Pacific walrus population was at or near K and a simulated estimate of maximum net productivity, CCRs of 0.41-0.47 reflect a Pacific walrus population at OSP. The best use of the CCR index will be to inform subsistence hunters of the status of the population and to promote self-regulation of the harvest by hunters. However, because other factors which may be weakly density-dependent such as disease and physical trauma could effect CCRs and the same CCR can be expressed by a declining or increasing population, the index will need to be combined with other information (e.g., habitat change and use patterns, population trend, physical condition of individuals, survival rates, etc.) in a weight of evidence approach in order to have stronger inference. Furthermore, our analyses are based on a data set that included periods when climatic conditions differed from those of recent decades, requiring evaluation of the index into the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [MacCracken, James G.; Lemons, Patrick R., III; Garlich-Miller, Joel L.; Snyder, Jonathan A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP MacCracken, JG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS-314, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM james_maccracken@fws.gov; patrick_lemons@fws.gov; joel_garlichmiller@fws.gov; jonathan_snyder@fws.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 43 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.013 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI6AN UT WOS:000336952300004 ER PT J AU Olexa, EM Lawrence, RL AF Olexa, Edward M. Lawrence, Rick L. TI Performance and effects of land cover type on synthetic surface reflectance data and NDVI estimates for assessment and monitoring of semi-arid rangeland SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Landsat; MODIS; Rangeland; Remote sensing; STARFM ID MODIS DATA; MULTITEMPORAL MODIS; FUSION MODEL; IMAGE FUSION; REMOTE; MANAGEMENT; RESOLUTION; OPPORTUNITIES; GENERATION; PHENOLOGY AB Federal land management agencies provide stewardship over much of the rangelands in the arid and semi-arid western United States, but they often lack data of the proper spatiotemporal resolution and extent needed to assess range conditions and monitor trends. Recent advances in the blending of complementary, remotely sensed data could provide public lands managers with the needed information. We applied the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) to five Landsat TM and concurrent Terra MODIS scenes, and used pixel-based regression and difference image analyses to evaluate the quality of synthetic reflectance and NDVI products associated with semi-arid rangeland. Predicted red reflectance data consistently demonstrated higher accuracy, less bias, and stronger correlation with observed data than did analogous near-infrared (NIR) data. The accuracy of both bands tended to decline as the lag between base and prediction dates increased; however, mean absolute errors (MAE) were typically <= 10%. The quality of area-wide NDVI estimates was less consistent than either spectral band, although the MAE of estimates predicted using early season base pairs were <= 10% throughout the growing season. Correlation between known and predicted NDVI values and agreement with the 1:1 regression line tended to decline as the prediction lag increased. Further analyses of NDVI predictions, based on a 22 June base pair and stratified by land cover/land use (LCLU), revealed accurate estimates through the growing season; however, inter-class performance varied. This work demonstrates the successful application of the STARFM algorithm to semi-arid rangeland; however, we encourage evaluation of STARFM's performance on a per product basis, stratified by LCLU, with attention given to the influence of base pair selection and the impact of the time lag. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Olexa, Edward M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Lawrence, Rick L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Olexa, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM eolexa@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service; Bureau of Land Management FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the Bureau of Land Management for funding of this research. Ms. Rebecca Blenkner provided valuable image processing and GIS support. We thank Geneva Chong, Peter Gogan, Megan Higgs, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2014.01.008 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AG7UT UT WOS:000335625000004 ER PT J AU Moyer, GR Diaz-Ferguson, E Hill, JE Shea, C AF Moyer, Gregory R. Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo Hill, Jeffrey E. Shea, Colin TI Assessing Environmental DNA Detection in Controlled Lentic Systems SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SITE OCCUPANCY MODELS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; WATER SAMPLES; EDNA; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE; PREDATOR; PREY AB Little consideration has been given to environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling strategies for rare species. The certainty of species detection relies on understanding false positive and false negative error rates. We used artificial ponds together with logistic regression models to assess the detection of African jewelfish eDNA at varying fish densities (0, 0.32, 1.75, and 5.25 fish/m(3)). Our objectives were to determine the most effective water stratum for eDNA detection, estimate true and false positive eDNA detection rates, and assess the number of water samples necessary to minimize the risk of false negatives. There were 28 eDNA detections in 324, 1-L, water samples collected from four experimental ponds. The best-approximating model indicated that the per-L-sample probability of eDNA detection was 4.86 times more likely for every 2.53 fish/m(3) (1 SD) increase in fish density and 1.67 times less likely for every 1.02 C (1 SD) increase in water temperature. The best section of the water column to detect eDNA was the surface and to a lesser extent the bottom. Although no false positives were detected, the estimated likely number of false positives in samples from ponds that contained fish averaged 3.62. At high densities of African jewelfish, 3-5 L of water provided a > 95% probability for the presence/absence of its eDNA. Conversely, at moderate and low densities, the number of water samples necessary to achieve a > 95% probability of eDNA detection approximated 42-73 and >100 L, respectively. Potential biases associated with incomplete detection of eDNA could be alleviated via formal estimation of eDNA detection probabilities under an occupancy modeling framework; alternatively, the filtration of hundreds of liters of water may be required to achieve a high (e. g., 95%) level of certainty that African jewelfish eDNA will be detected at low densities (i. e <0.32 fish/m(3) or 1.75 g/m(3)). C1 [Moyer, Gregory R.; Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Hill, Jeffrey E.] Univ Florida, Trop Aquaculture Lab, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Ruskin, FL USA. [Shea, Colin] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM greg_moyer@fws.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4 Aquatic Invasive Species Program FX This work was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4 Aquatic Invasive Species Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 76 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e103767 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103767 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM6EF UT WOS:000339954800079 PM 25079969 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Lamont, MM Sartain, AR Fujisaki, I AF Hart, Kristen M. Lamont, Margaret M. Sartain, Autumn R. Fujisaki, Ikuko TI Migration, Foraging, and Residency Patterns for Northern Gulf Loggerheads: Implications of Local Threats and International Movements SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; STATE-SPACE MODELS; SATELLITE-TRACKING DATA; SEA-TURTLES; OF-MEXICO; HOME-RANGE; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; CHELONIA-MYDAS; POPULATION-MODEL AB Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) loggerheads (Caretta caretta) make up one of the smallest subpopulations of this threatened species and have declining nest numbers. We used satellite telemetry and a switching state-space model to identify distinct foraging areas used by 59 NGoM loggerheads tagged during 2010-2013. We tagged turtles after nesting at three sites, 1 in Alabama (Gulf Shores; n = 37) and 2 in Florida (St. Joseph Peninsula; n = 20 and Eglin Air Force Base; n = 2). Peak migration time was 22 July to 9 August during which >40% of turtles were in migration mode; the mean post-nesting migration period was 23.0 d (+/- 13.8 d SD). After displacement from nesting beaches, 44 turtles traveled to foraging sites where they remained resident throughout tracking durations. Selected foraging locations were variable distances from tagging sites, and in 5 geographic regions; no turtles selected foraging sites outside the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Foraging sites delineated using 50% kernel density estimation were located a mean distance of 47.6 km from land and in water with mean depth of -32.5 m; other foraging sites, delineated using minimum convex polygons, were located a mean distance of 43.0 km from land and in water with a mean depth of -24.9 m. Foraging sites overlapped with known trawling activities, oil and gas extraction activities, and the footprint of surface oiling during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (n = 10). Our results highlight the year-round use of habitats in the GoM by loggerheads that nest in the NGoM. Our findings indicate that protection of females in this subpopulation requires both international collaborations and management of threats that spatially overlap with distinct foraging habitats. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Lamont, Margaret M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Sartain, Autumn R.] Cherokee Nat Technol Solut LLC, Sci R&D, US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov FU KMH by the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA); U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science (PES) Program FX Funding was provided to KMH by the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) and the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science (PES) Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 116 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e103453 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103453 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM7EZ UT WOS:000340028800047 PM 25076053 ER PT J AU Ascensao, F Grilo, C LaPoint, S Tracey, J Clevenger, AP Santos-Reis, M AF Ascensao, Fernando Grilo, Clara LaPoint, Scott Tracey, Jeff Clevenger, Anthony P. Santos-Reis, Margarida TI Inter-Individual Variability of Stone Marten Behavioral Responses to a Highway SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL MOVEMENT; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; ROAD MORTALITY; LUTRA-LUTRA; WILDLIFE; CARNIVORES; MITIGATION; POPULATIONS AB Efforts to reduce the negative impacts of roads on wildlife may be hindered if individuals within the population vary widely in their responses to roads and mitigation strategies ignore this variability. This knowledge is particularly important for medium-sized carnivores as they are vulnerable to road mortality, while also known to use available road passages (e. g., drainage culverts) for safely crossing highways. Our goal in this study was to assess whether this apparently contradictory pattern of high road-kill numbers associated with a regular use of road passages is attributable to the variation in behavioral responses toward the highway between individuals. We investigated the responses of seven radio-tracked stone martens (Martes foina) to a highway by measuring their utilization distribution, response turning angles and highway crossing patterns. We compared the observed responses to simulated movement parameterized by the observed space use and movement characteristics of each individual, but naive to the presence of the highway. Our results suggested that martens demonstrate a diversity of responses to the highway, including attraction, indifference, or avoidance. Martens also varied in their highway crossing patterns, with some crossing repeatedly at the same location (often coincident with highway passages). We suspect that the response variability derives from the individual's familiarity of the landscape, including their awareness of highway passage locations. Because of these variable yet potentially attributable responses, we support the use of exclusionary fencing to guide transient (e.g., dispersers) individuals to existing passages to reduce the road-kill risk. C1 [Ascensao, Fernando; Santos-Reis, Margarida] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal. [Ascensao, Fernando; Clevenger, Anthony P.] Montana State Univ, Western Transportat Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Grilo, Clara] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Grilo, Clara] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [LaPoint, Scott] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [LaPoint, Scott] Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, Constance, Germany. [Tracey, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ascensao, F (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal. EM fernandoascensao@gmail.com RI Santos-Reis, Margarida/H-4064-2011; CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015; OI Santos-Reis, Margarida/0000-0002-0337-963X; Ascensao, Fernando/0000-0003-1704-0212 FU Fundacaopara a Ciencia e Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/38053/2007, SFRH/BPD/64205/2009] FX FA and CG were funded by Fundacaopara a Ciencia e Tecnologia, respectively with the grants SFRH/BD/38053/2007 and SFRH/BPD/64205/2009. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 29 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e103544 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103544 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO4KU UT WOS:000341307600061 PM 25072639 ER PT J AU Rimondi, V Bardelli, F Benvenuti, M Costagliola, P Gray, JE Lattanzi, P AF Rimondi, Valentina Bardelli, Fabrizio Benvenuti, Marco Costagliola, Pilario Gray, John E. Lattanzi, Pierfranco TI Mercury speciation in the Mt. Amiata mining district (Italy): Interplay between urban activities and mercury contamination SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Speciation; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Sequential chemical extractions ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; METACINNABAR BETA-HGS; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; MINE WASTES; OXIDATIVE DISSOLUTION; CHEMICAL EXTRACTIONS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; ZN SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS AB A fundamental step to evaluate the biogeochemical and eco-toxicological significance of Hg dispersion in the environment is to determine speciation of Hg in solid matrices. In this study, several analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), sequential chemical extractions (SCEs), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) were used to identify Hg compounds and Hg speciation in samples collected fromtheMt. Amiata Hg mining district, southern Tuscany, Italy. Different geological materials, such as mine waste calcine (retorted ore), soil, stream sediment, and stream water suspended particulate matter were analyzed. Results show that the samples were generally composed of highly insoluble Hg compounds such as sulphides (HgS, cinnabar and metacinnabar), and more soluble Hg halides such as those associated with the mosesite group. Other moderately soluble Hg compounds, HgCl2, HgO and Hg0, were also identified in stream sediments draining the mining area. The presence of these minerals suggests active and continuous runoff of soluble Hg compounds fromcalcines, where suchHg compounds formduring retorting, or later in secondary processes. Specifically, we suggest that, due to the proximity ofHgmines to the urban center of Abbadia San Salvatore, the influence of other anthropogenic activities was a key factor for Hg speciation, resulting in the formation of unusual Hg-minerals such as mosesite. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rimondi, Valentina; Benvenuti, Marco; Costagliola, Pilario] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Bardelli, Fabrizio] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inst Sci Terre, F-38400 Grenoble, France. [Gray, John E.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lattanzi, Pierfranco] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Sci Chim & Geol, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. RP Rimondi, V (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via G Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy. EM valentina.rimondi@unifi.it RI BENVENUTI, MARCO/K-6458-2015; Lattanzi, Pierfranco/A-5817-2012; OI BENVENUTI, MARCO/0000-0003-1344-8421; Lattanzi, Pierfranco/0000-0003-4352-2709; Rimondi, Valentina/0000-0002-1249-6563 FU MIUR PRIN [2010MKHT9B] FX This study was financially supported by MIUR PRIN 2010-2011 (grant 2010MKHT9B to P. Costagliola and P. Lattanzi). We wish to acknowledge the staff of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for their assistance during XANES data collection at Beamline BM25. Daniele Rappuoli and Marcello Niccolini (Municipality of Abbadia San Salvatore) are gratefully thanked for their assistance during the fieldwork. This research was accomplished thanks to the scientific instruments provided by the Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze to the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra (Universit di Firenze). Elena Pecchioni and Mario Paolieri (Universit di Firenze) are also gratefully thanked for their assistance during XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. We thank Richard Wanty (USGS, Denver), and two anonymous reviewers for the review comments that helped improve this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 25 PY 2014 VL 380 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.04.023 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AM9NM UT WOS:000340208300011 ER PT J AU Keranen, KM Weingarten, M Abers, GA Bekins, BA Ge, S AF Keranen, K. M. Weingarten, M. Abers, G. A. Bekins, B. A. Ge, S. TI Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity since 2008 induced by massive wastewater injection SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; FLUID-INJECTION; STRESS CHANGE; LITHOSPHERE; MAGNITUDE; TEXAS; FAULT AB Unconventional oil and gas production provides a rapidly growing energy source; however, high-production states in the United States, such as Oklahoma, face sharply rising numbers of earthquakes. Subsurface pressure data required to unequivocally link earthquakes to wastewater injection are rarely accessible. Here we use seismicity and hydrogeological models to show that fluid migration from high-rate disposal wells in Oklahoma is potentially responsible for the largest swarm. Earthquake hypocenters occur within disposal formations and upper basement, between 2- and 5-kilometer depth. The modeled fluid pressure perturbation propagates throughout the same depth range and tracks earthquakes to distances of 35 kilometers, with a triggering threshold of similar to 0.07 megapascals. Although thousands of disposal wells operate aseismically, four of the highest-rate wells are capable of inducing 20% of 2008 to 2013 central U.S. seismicity. C1 [Keranen, K. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Weingarten, M.; Ge, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Abers, G. A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Bekins, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Keranen, KM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM keranen@cornell.edu FU USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) [G13AP00025]; USGS Powell Center [G13AC00023]; NEHRP [G13AP00024]; National Science Foundation FX This research benefited from discussion with E. Cochran, W. Ellsworth, and participants in a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Powell Center Working Group on Understanding Fluid Injection Induced Seismicity (M. W., B. A. B., and S. G. are part of this group). C. Hogan identified many P and S phases. K. M. K was partially supported by USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) grant G13AP00025, M. W. was partially supported by the USGS Powell Center grant G13AC00023, and G. A. A. was partially supported by NEHRP grant G13AP00024. This project used seismic data from EarthScope's Transportable Array, a facility funded by the National Science Foundation. Seismic waveforms are from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center and the USGS CWB Query. Well data are from the Oklahoma Corporation Commission and the Oklahoma Geological Survey. Lists of wells and the local earthquake catalog are available as supplementary materials on Science Online. NR 24 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 23 U2 104 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 25 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6195 BP 448 EP 451 DI 10.1126/science.1255802 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM2CB UT WOS:000339655100042 PM 24993347 ER PT J AU Borcherdt, RD AF Borcherdt, Roger D. TI Implications of next generation attenuation ground motion prediction equations for site coefficients used in earthquake resistant design SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE site coefficients; building code; soil response; next generation attenuation; site class ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; RESPONSE SPECTRA; PERIODS; MODEL; PGV AB Proposals are developed to update Tables11.4-1 and 11.4-2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures published as American Society of Civil Engineers Structural Engineering Institute standard 7-10 (ASCE/SEI 7-10). The updates are mean next generation attenuation (NGA) site coefficients inferred directly from the four NGA ground motion prediction equations used to derive the maximum considered earthquake response maps adopted in ASCE/SEI 7-10. Proposals include the recommendation to use straight-line interpolation to infer site coefficients at intermediate values of (nu) over barS(average shear velocity to 30-m depth). The NGA coefficients are shown to agree well with adopted site coefficients at low levels of input motion (0.1g) and those observed from the Loma Prieta earthquake. For higher levels of input motion, the majority of the adopted values are within the 95% epistemic-uncertainty limits implied by the NGA estimates with the exceptions being the mid-period site coefficient, Fv, for site class D and the short-period coefficient, Fa, for site class C, both of which are slightly less than the corresponding 95% limit. The NGA data base shows that the median value (nu) over barS of 913m/s for site class B is more typical than 760m/s as a value to characterize firm to hard rock sites as the uniform ground condition for future maximum considered earthquake response ground motion estimates. Future updates of NGA ground motion prediction equations can be incorporated easily into future adjustments of adopted site coefficients using procedures presented herein. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Borcherdt, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM borcherdt@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0098-8847 EI 1096-9845 J9 EARTHQ ENG STRUCT D JI Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. PD JUL 25 PY 2014 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1343 EP 1360 DI 10.1002/eqe.2400 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AJ4HG UT WOS:000337634000005 ER PT J AU Anthony, KMW Zimov, SA Grosse, G Jones, MC Anthony, PM Chapin, FS Finlay, JC Mack, MC Davydov, S Frenzel, P Frolking, S AF Anthony, K. M. Walter Zimov, S. A. Grosse, G. Jones, M. C. Anthony, P. M. Chapin, F. S., III Finlay, J. C. Mack, M. C. Davydov, S. Frenzel, P. Frolking, S. TI A shift of thermokarst lakes from carbon sources to sinks during the Holocene epoch SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PERMAFROST THAW; CENTRAL YAKUTIA; ARCTIC LAKE; SIBERIA; PEATLANDS; LOWLAND; CLIMATE; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPES; VEGETATION AB Thermokarst lakes formed across vast regions of Siberia and Alaska during the last deglaciation and are thought to be a net source of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide during the Holocene epoch(1-4). However, the same thermokarst lakes can also sequester carbon(5), and it remains uncertain whether carbon uptake by thermokarst lakes can offset their greenhouse gas emissions. Here we use field observations of Siberian permafrost exposures, radiocarbon dating and spatial analyses to quantify Holocene carbon stocks and fluxes in lake sediments overlying thawed Pleistocene-aged permafrost. We find that carbon accumulation in deep thermokarst-lake sediments since the last deglaciation is about 1.6 times larger than the mass of Pleistocene-aged permafrost carbon released as greenhouse gases when the lakes first formed. Although methane and carbon dioxide emissions following thaw lead to immediate radiative warming, carbon uptake in peat-rich sediments occurs over millennial timescales. We assess thermokarst-lake carbon feedbacks to climate with an atmospheric perturbation model and find that thermokarst basins switched from a net radiative warming to a net cooling climate effect about 5,000 years ago. High rates of Holocene carbon accumulation in 20 lake sediments (47 +/- 10 grams of carbon per square metre per year; mean +/- standard error) were driven by thermokarst erosion and deposition of terrestrial organic matter, by nutrient release from thawing permafrost that stimulated lake productivity and by slow decomposition in cold, anoxic lake bottoms. When lakes eventually drained, permafrost formation rapidly sequestered sediment carbon. Our estimate of about 160 petagrams of Holocene organic carbon in deep lake basins of Siberia and Alaska increases the circumpolar peat carbon pool estimate for permafrost regions by over 50 per cent (ref. 6). The carbon in perennially frozen drained lake sediments may become vulnerable to mineralization as permafrost disappears(7-9), potentially negating the climate stabilization provided by thermokarst lakes during the late Holocene. C1 [Anthony, K. M. Walter; Jones, M. C.; Anthony, P. M.] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Zimov, S. A.; Davydov, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, Northeast Sci Stn, Pacific Inst Geog, Cherskii 678830, Russia. [Grosse, G.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jones, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chapin, F. S., III] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Finlay, J. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mack, M. C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Frenzel, P.] Max Planck Inst Terr Microbiol, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. [Frolking, S.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Anthony, KMW (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM kmwalteranthony@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030 FU NSF [OPP-0099113, OPP-0732735, ARC-1304823]; NASA [NNX08AJ37G]; NSF projects [OPP-1107892, OPP-6737545, PLR-1303940]; USGS; DOE [DE-SC0010580]; ERC [338335] FX We thank L. Brosius, K. Davies, L. Farquharson, J. Neff and N. Zimov for assistance with field and laboratory work; G. Kling for pCO2 and DOC data sets for Lake N1 (Alaska); and E. A. G. Schuur, B. Gaglioti, C. Bernhardt and S. Neuzil for constructive comments on the manuscript. Research funding was provided by the NSF (OPP-0099113, OPP-0732735 and ARC-1304823) and NASA (NNX08AJ37G). Additional support was received from other NSF projects (OPP-1107892, OPP-6737545, PLR-1303940), the USGS, the DOE(DE-SC0010580) and ERC number 338335. NR 74 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 14 U2 150 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 2014 VL 511 IS 7510 BP 452 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13560 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL7SO UT WOS:000339335700043 PM 25043014 ER PT J AU Terando, AJ Costanza, J Belyea, C Dunn, RR McKerrow, A Collazo, JA AF Terando, Adam J. Costanza, Jennifer Belyea, Curtis Dunn, Robert R. McKerrow, Alexa Collazo, Jaime A. TI The Southern Megalopolis: Using the Past to Predict the Future of Urban Sprawl in the Southeast US SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-COVER; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; GROWTH; MODEL; ECOSYSTEMS; SCENARIOS; FRAMEWORK AB The future health of ecosystems is arguably as dependent on urban sprawl as it is on human-caused climatic warming. Urban sprawl strongly impacts the urban ecosystems it creates and the natural and agro-ecosystems that it displaces and fragments. Here, we project urban sprawl changes for the next 50 years for the fast-growing Southeast U.S. Previous studies have focused on modeling population density, but the urban extent is arguably as important as population density per se in terms of its ecological and conservation impacts. We develop simulations using the SLEUTH urban growth model that complement population-driven models but focus on spatial pattern and extent. To better capture the reach of low-density suburban development, we extend the capabilities of SLEUTH by incorporating street-network information. Our simulations point to a future in which the extent of urbanization in the Southeast is projected to increase by 101% to 192%. Our results highlight areas where ecosystem fragmentation is likely, and serve as a benchmark to explore the challenging tradeoffs between ecosystem health, economic growth and cultural desires. C1 [Terando, Adam J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Terando, Adam J.; Costanza, Jennifer; Belyea, Curtis; McKerrow, Alexa; Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dunn, Robert R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McKerrow, Alexa] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Terando, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM aterando@usgs.gov OI Costanza, Jennifer/0000-0002-3747-538X; Terando, Adam/0000-0002-9280-043X FU US Geological Survey through the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Dept of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center [G11AC20524] FX This research was supported by the US Geological Survey (http://www.usgs.gov/) through the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (https://nccwsc.usgs.gov/) and the Dept of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center (http://globalchange.ncsu.edu/secsc/) through grant agreement G11AC20524. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 8 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 23 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e102261 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102261 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM1NT UT WOS:000339614100034 PM 25054329 ER PT J AU Khmaladze, E Birdsell, DN Naumann, AA Hochhalter, CB Seymour, ML Nottingham, R Beckstrom-Sternberg, SM Beckstrom-Sternberg, J Nikolich, MP Chanturia, G Zhgenti, E Zakalashvili, M Malania, L Babuadze, G Tsertsvadze, N Abazashvili, N Kekelidze, M Tsanava, S Imnadze, P Ganz, HH Getz, WM Pearson, O Gajer, P Eppinger, M Ravel, J Wagner, DM Okinaka, RT Schupp, JM Keim, P Pearson, T AF Khmaladze, Ekaterine Birdsell, Dawn N. Naumann, Amber A. Hochhalter, Christian B. Seymour, Meagan L. Nottingham, Roxanne Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg, James Nikolich, Mikeljon P. Chanturia, Gvantsa Zhgenti, Ekaterine Zakalashvili, Mariam Malania, Lile Babuadze, Giorgi Tsertsvadze, Nikoloz Abazashvili, Natalia Kekelidze, Merab Tsanava, Shota Imnadze, Paata Ganz, Holly H. Getz, Wayne M. Pearson, Ofori Gajer, Pawel Eppinger, Mark Ravel, Jacques Wagner, David M. Okinaka, Richard T. Schupp, James M. Keim, Paul Pearson, Talima TI Phylogeography of Bacillus anthracis in the Country of Georgia Shows Evidence of Population Structuring and Is Dissimilar to Other Regional Genotypes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; DIVERSITY AB Sequence analyses and subtyping of Bacillus anthracis strains from Georgia reveal a single distinct lineage (Aust94) that is ecologically established. Phylogeographic analysis and comparisons to a global collection reveals a clade that is mostly restricted to Georgia. Within this clade, many groups are found around the country, however at least one subclade is only found in the eastern part. This pattern suggests that dispersal into and out of Georgia has been rare and despite historical dispersion within the country, for at least for one lineage, current spread is limited. C1 [Khmaladze, Ekaterine; Chanturia, Gvantsa; Zhgenti, Ekaterine; Zakalashvili, Mariam; Malania, Lile; Babuadze, Giorgi; Tsertsvadze, Nikoloz; Abazashvili, Natalia; Kekelidze, Merab; Tsanava, Shota; Imnadze, Paata] Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Birdsell, Dawn N.; Naumann, Amber A.; Hochhalter, Christian B.; Seymour, Meagan L.; Nottingham, Roxanne; Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M.; Beckstrom-Sternberg, James; Wagner, David M.; Okinaka, Richard T.; Schupp, James M.; Keim, Paul; Pearson, Talima] Univ Arizona, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Nikolich, Mikeljon P.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ganz, Holly H.; Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pearson, Ofori] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gajer, Pawel; Eppinger, Mark; Ravel, Jacques] Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Eppinger, Mark] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Khmaladze, Ekaterine; Tsanava, Shota; Imnadze, Paata] Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Univ, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Talima.Pearson@nau.edu OI Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354; Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security S&T CB Division Bioforensics RD Program [HSHQDC-10-C-00139]; Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency [CBCALL12-DIAGB1-2-0194]; National Institutes of Health [GM083863] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security S&T CB Division Bioforensics R&D Program (HSHQDC-10-C-00139) and by the Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency (CBCALL12-DIAGB1-2-0194). Support for collecting the samples in Namibia was provided by National Institutes of Health GM083863 grant to Wayne M. Getz. The use of products/names does not constitute endorsement by the United States DHS. The findings and opinions expressed herein belong to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the U.S. Army or the Department of Defense. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e102651 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102651 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM0SW UT WOS:000339558100057 PM 25047912 ER PT J AU Kenney, LA Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT von Hippel, FA AF Kenney, Leah A. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. von Hippel, Frank A. TI Temporal Variation in Fish Mercury Concentrations within Lakes from the Western Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; FOOD WEBS; ISLANDS; SEABIRDS; SEA; CALIFORNIA; DERIVATION; EMISSIONS AB We assessed temporal variation in mercury (Hg) concentrations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Agattu Island, Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska. Total Hg concentrations in whole-bodied stickleback were measured at two-week intervals from two sites in each of two lakes from June 1 to August 10, 2011 during the time period when lakes were ice-free. Across all sites and sampling events, stickleback Hg concentrations ranged from 0.37-1.07 mu g/g dry weight (dw), with a mean (+/- SE) of 0.55 +/- 0.01 mu g/g dw. Mean fish Hg concentrations declined by 9% during the study period, from 0.57 +/- 0.01 mu g/g dw in early June to 0.52 +/- 0.01 mu g/g dw in mid-August. Mean fish Hg concentrations were 6% higher in Loon Lake (0.56 +/- 0.01 mu g/g dw) than in Lake 696 (0.53 +/- 0.01 mu g/g dw), and 4% higher in males (0.56 +/- 0.01 mu g/g dw) than in females (0.54 +/- 0.01 mu g/g dw). Loon Lake was distinguished from Lake 696 by the presence of piscivorous waterbirds during the breeding season. Mercury concentrations in stickleback from Agattu Island were higher than would be expected for an area without known point sources of Hg pollution, and high enough to be of concern to the health of piscivorous wildlife. C1 [Kenney, Leah A.; von Hippel, Frank A.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA. RP Kenney, LA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM leahkenney@gmail.com OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; USGS Environmental Health Mission Area Contaminant Biology Program FX This work was partially funded by USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, USGS Western Ecological Research Center, and the USGS Environmental Health Mission Area Contaminant Biology Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e102244 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102244 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO4KM UT WOS:000341306600050 PM 25029042 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Geist, EL AF Parsons, Tom Geist, Eric L. TI The 2010-2014.3 global earthquake rate increase SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AFTERSHOCKS; LENGTH AB In light of a heightened global earthquake rate during the first quarter of 2014 and recent studies concluding that large earthquakes affect global seismicity for extended periods, we revisit the question whether the temporal distribution of global earthquakes shows clustering beyond that expected from a time-independent Poisson process. We examine a broad window from 1979 to 2014.3 for M >= 7.0 shocks, and a narrow window for M >= 5.0 seismicity since 2010 that has higher than average rates. We test whether a Poisson process can be falsified at 95% confidence to assess the degree of dependent clustering in the catalogs. If aftershocks within at least one rupture length from main shocks/foreshocks are filtered, then we find no evidence of global scale M >= 5.2-5.6 (depending on parameters) clustering since 2010 that demands a physical explanation. There is evidence for interdependence below this threshold that could be a consequence of catalog completeness or a physical process. C1 [Parsons, Tom; Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4479 EP 4485 DI 10.1002/2014GL060513 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN0SW UT WOS:000340295300010 ER PT J AU Scharer, K Weldon, R Streig, A Fumal, T AF Scharer, Katherine Weldon, Ray, II Streig, Ashley Fumal, Thomas TI Paleoearthquakes at Frazier Mountain, California delimit extent and frequency of past San Andreas Fault ruptures along 1857 trace SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RUPTURES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CARRIZO PLAIN; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURES; TEJON EARTHQUAKE; JACINTO FAULT; SLIP; ZONE; DISPLACEMENT; CHRONOLOGY AB Large earthquakes are infrequent along a single fault, and therefore historic, well-characterized earthquakes exert a strong influence on fault behavior models. This is true of the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake (estimated M7.7-7.9) on the southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF), but an outstanding question is whether the 330 km long rupture was typical. New paleoseismic data for six to seven ground-rupturing earthquakes on the Big Bend of the SSAF restrict the pattern of possible ruptures on the 1857 stretch of the fault. In conjunction with existing sites, we show that over the last similar to 650 years, at least 75% of the surface ruptures are shorter than the 1857 earthquake, with estimated rupture lengths of 100 to <300 km. These results suggest that the 1857 rupture was unusual, perhaps leading to the long open interval, and that a return to pre-1857 behavior would increase the rate of M7.3-M7.7 earthquakes. C1 [Scharer, Katherine; Fumal, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Weldon, Ray, II; Streig, Ashley] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Fumal, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Scharer, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM kscharer@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [0838294]; National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program [05HQGR0071, 09AP00012, 11AP201223]; Southern California Earthquake Center; NSF [EAR-1033462]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [G12AC20038] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (0838294), the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (05HQGR0071, 09AP00012, and 11AP201223), and by the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC contribution for this paper is 1909. Data presented herein is available from the corresponding author. We are thankful for reviews by Carol Prentice, Katherine Kendrick, Ramon Arrowsmith, and Kelvin Berryman and assistance in the field by numerous colleagues and students from Appalachian State University, University of Oregon, and Pasadena City College. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4527 EP 4534 DI 10.1002/2014GL060318 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN0SW UT WOS:000340295300016 ER PT J AU DeFlorio, MJ Ghan, SJ Singh, B Miller, AJ Cayan, DR Russell, LM Somerville, RCJ AF DeFlorio, Michael J. Ghan, Steven J. Singh, Balwinder Miller, Arthur J. Cayan, Daniel R. Russell, Lynn M. Somerville, Richard C. J. TI Semidirect dynamical and radiative effect of North African dust transport on lower tropospheric clouds over the subtropical North Atlantic in CESM 1.0 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; MINERAL DUST; DESERT DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STRATIFORM CLOUD; SULFATE AEROSOLS; EARTH SYSTEM; SAHARAN DUST; CLIMATE; IMPACT AB This study uses a century length preindustrial climate simulation by the Community Earth System Model (CESM 1.0) to explore statistical relationships between dust, clouds, and atmospheric circulation and to suggest a semidirect dynamical mechanism linking subtropical North Atlantic lower tropospheric cloud cover with North African dust transport. The length of the run allows us to account for interannual variability of North African dust emissions and transport in the model. CESM's monthly climatology of both aerosol optical depth and surface dust concentration at Cape Verde and Barbados, respectively, agree well with available observations, as does the aerosol size distribution at Cape Verde. In addition, CESM shows strong seasonal cycles of dust burden and lower tropospheric cloud fraction, with maximum values occurring during boreal summer, when a strong correlation between these two variables exists over the subtropical North Atlantic. Calculations of Estimated Inversion Strength (EIS) and composites of EIS on high and low downstream North African dust months during boreal summer reveal that dust is likely increasing inversion strength over this region due to both solar absorption and reflection. We find no evidence for a microphysical link between dust and lower tropospheric clouds in this region. These results yield new insight over an extensive period of time into the complex relationship between North African dust and North Atlantic lower tropospheric clouds, which has previously been hindered by spatiotemporal constraints of observations. Our findings lay a framework for future analyses using different climate models and submonthly data over regions with different underlying dynamics. C1 [DeFlorio, Michael J.; Miller, Arthur J.; Cayan, Daniel R.; Russell, Lynn M.; Somerville, Richard C. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ghan, Steven J.; Singh, Balwinder] Pacific NW Natl Lab, ASGC Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, La Jolla, CA USA. RP DeFlorio, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM mdeflori@ucsd.edu RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 FU NSF [AGS-1048995]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM program); DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This study forms a portion of the Ph.D. dissertation of M.J.D. Funding was provided by NSF (AGS-1048995) and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM program). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. We are grateful for the contribution made by Joseph M. Prospero (RSMAS, U. Miami), who provided us with the Barbados dust record. Many detailed and insightful comments and suggestions made by the anonymous reviewers have led to significant improvements in this paper. Thanks to Joel Norris and Timothy Myers (SIO) for clarifications and ideas regarding lower tropospheric warm phase clouds, Amato Evan (SIO) for literature references and useful discussions regarding seasonal variability of Saharan dust, Li Xu (SIO) and Dave Erickson (ORNL) for assistance in calculating aerosol size distribution, and Didier Tanre and Joseph M. Prospero for their efforts in establishing and maintaining the Cape Verde and Barbados AERONET sites, respectively, used in this investigation. The CAM5 data used in this study can be accessed via an email inquiry (mdeflori@ucsd.edu). NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 13 AR 2013JD020997 DI 10.1002/2013JD020997 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2IK UT WOS:000340408000031 ER PT J AU Mount, GJ Comas, X Cunningham, KJ AF Mount, Gregory J. Comas, Xavier Cunningham, Kevin J. TI Characterization of the porosity distribution in the upper part of the karst Biscayne aquifer using common offset ground penetrating radar, Everglades National Park, Florida SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ground penetrating radar; Karst aquifers; Florida; Porosity; CRIM petrophysical model ID REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTARY VOLUME; OPTICAL BOREHOLE IMAGES; WATER-CONTENT; SOUTHEASTERN FLORIDA; MIAMI LIMESTONE; VELOCITY; MOISTURE; ROCK; GPR; USA AB The karst Biscayne aquifer is characterized by a heterogeneous spatial arrangement of porosity and hydraulic conductivity, making conceptualization difficult. The Biscayne aquifer is the primary source of drinking water for millions of people in south Florida; thus, information concerning the distribution of karst features that concentrate the groundwater flow and affect contaminant transport is critical. The principal purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of two-dimensional ground penetrating radar (GPR) to rapidly characterize porosity variability in the karst Biscayne aquifer in south Florida. An 800-m-long GPR transect of a previously investigated area at the Long Pine Key Nature Trail in Everglades National Park, collected in fast acquisition common offset mode, shows hundreds of diffraction hyperbolae. The distribution of diffraction hyperbolae was used to estimate electromagnetic (EM) wave velocity at each diffraction location and to assess both horizontal and vertical changes in velocity within the transect. A petrophysical model (complex refractive index model or CRIM) was used to estimate total bulk porosity. A set of common midpoint surveys at selected locations distributed along the common-offset transect also were collected for comparison with the common offsets and were used to constrain one-dimensional (1-D) distributions of porosity with depth. Porosity values for the saturated Miami Limestone ranged between 25% and 41% for common offset GPR surveys, and between 23% and 39% for common midpoint GPR surveys. Laboratory measurements of porosity in five whole-core samples from the saturated part of the aquifer in the study area ranged between 7.1% and 41.8%. GPR estimates of porosity were found to be valid only under saturated conditions; other limitations are related to the vertical resolution of the GPR signal and the volume of the material considered by the measurement methodology. Overall, good correspondence between GPR estimates and the direct porosity values from the whole-core samples confirms the ability of GPR common offset surveys to provide rapid characterization of porosity variability in the Biscayne aquifer. The common offset survey method has several advantages: (1) improved time efficiency in comparison to other GPR acquisition modes such as common midpoints; and (2) enhanced lateral continuity of porosity estimates, particularly when compared to porosity measurements on 1-D samples such as rock cores. The results also support the presence of areas of low EM wave velocity or high porosity under saturated conditions, causing velocity pull-down areas and apparent sag features in the reflection record. This study shows that GPR can be a useful tool for improving understanding of the petrophysical properties of highly heterogeneous systems such as karst aquifers, and thus may assist with the development of more accurate groundwater flow models, such as those used for restoration efforts in the Everglades. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mount, Gregory J.; Comas, Xavier] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geosci, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Cunningham, Kevin J.] US Geol Survey, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Mount, GJ (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geosci, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM Gmount1@fau.edu OI Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 FU Florida Atlantic University Environmental Sciences Everglades Fellowship Initiative; National Park Service [EVER-2010-SCI-0012]; U.S. Geological Survey under the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science; National Science Foundation [DGE: 0638662] FX We would like to thank the Florida Atlantic University Environmental Sciences Everglades Fellowship Initiative for financial support as well as the National Park Service for work conducted under permit EVER-2010-SCI-0012. This work also has been partially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. In addition, this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DGE: 0638662. Tyler McNabb, of Florida Atlantic University, provided valuable field support during collection of GPR data. Andrew Parsekian provided the script used to process the common midpoint data, as well as insight to the processing of the ground penetrating radar data. We thank Tara Root from Florida Atlantic University, Juan V Giraldez, Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers from the Journal of Hydrology for suggestions that greatly enhanced earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 515 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.048 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AK7JZ UT WOS:000338605900020 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, S Huddart, D Israde-Alcantara, I Dominguez-Vazquez, G Bischoff, J AF Gonzalez, Silvia Huddart, David Israde-Alcantara, Isabel Dominguez-Vazquez, Gabriela Bischoff, James TI Tocuila Mammoths, Basin of Mexico: Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene stratigraphy and the geological context of the bone accumulation SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Mammoths; Lake Texcoco; Tephra; Meteorite airburst; Younger Dryas ID NEVADO-DE-TOLUCA; FLOOD-FLOW DEPOSITS; DEBRIS-FLOW; VOLCANO; ERUPTION; PALEOENVIRONMENTS; POPOCATEPETL; AMERICA; TEXCOCO; LAHAR AB We report new stratigraphic, tephrochronology and dating results from the Tocuila Mammoth site in the Basin of Mexico. At the site there is evidence for a thin meteorite airburst layer dated between 10,878 and 10,707 cal BC at the onset of the Younger Diyas (YD) cool period. The Upper Toluca Pumice (UTP) tephra marker, caused by a Plinian eruption of the Nevado de Toluca volcano, dated from 10,666 to 10,612 cal BC, is above that layer. The eruption must have caused widespread environmental disruption in the region with evidence of extensive reworking and channelling by the Lake Texcoco shoreline and contributed to the widespread death and/or extinction of megafaunal populations, as suggested by earlier authors, but the new work reinforces the view that both catastrophic events must have caused large environmental disruption in a short time period of around two hundred years. There is no evidence for megafauna (mammoths, sabre toothed cats, camels, bison, glyptodonts) after the UTP volcanic event and subsequent lahars in the Basin of Mexico. At Tocuila, although there are some in situ tephra markers in nearshore lake sediments, such as the Great Basaltic Ash (GBA) and the LIP Ash, there is evidence of much reworking of several tephra populations in various combinations. The mammoth bone accumulation is reworked in a lahar sequence (volcanic mudflow) derived from several source sediments but associated with the major UTP Plinian eruption. Paleoindian populations were also present in the Basin of Mexico during the YD period, where several Paleoindian skeletons were found associated with the UTP ash deposits, e.g. Metro Man, Chimalhuacan Man and Tlapacoya Man. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license C1 [Gonzalez, Silvia; Huddart, David] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Israde-Alcantara, Isabel] Univ Michoacana, IIM, Dept Geol & Mineral, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Dominguez-Vazquez, Gabriela] Univ Michoacana, Fac Biol, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Bischoff, James] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gonzalez, S (reprint author), Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. EM S.Gonzalez@ljmu.ac.uk FU Liverpool John Moores University, NERC [NE/C519446/1]; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Mexico FX We thank Luis Morett-Alatorre and his team from the University of Chapingo, Estado de Mexico and Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales from INAH, Mexico for initially introducing us to the Tocuila Site. We are very grateful to Don Celso Ramirez and family for access to the Tocuila site and Museum for the last 15 years. We acknowledge the help received during initial fieldwork from Gill and Adam Turner and later discussions with Alan Turner in the early development of this work to whom this paper is dedicated. We thank the NERC Electron Microprobe Unit at Edinburgh University, especially Peter Hill, David Steel and Anthony Newton for access to the facilities and support during the tephra analysis. We acknowledge Dr. Lourdes Mondragon from Tecnologico de Morelia for the SEM work and Dr.Wendy Wolbach at De Paul University, USA for nanodiamond extraction and analysis. Financial help during fieldwork was obtained from Liverpool John Moores University, NERC (grant NE/C519446/1) and the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Mexico. NR 100 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 96 BP 222 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.003 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AM3TB UT WOS:000339774600019 ER PT J AU Keller, JM Balazs, GH Nilsen, F Rice, M Work, TM Jensen, BA AF Keller, Jennifer M. Balazs, George H. Nilsen, Frances Rice, Marc Work, Thierry M. Jensen, Brenda A. TI Investigating the Potential Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Hawaiian Green Sea Turtle Fibropapillomatosis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BLOOD-PLASMA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FLAME RETARDANTS; CARETTA-CARETTA; PCB METABOLITES; SPATIAL TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; WHOLE-BLOOD; ISLANDS AB It has been hypothesized for decades that environmental pollutants may contribute to green sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP), possibly through immunosuppression leading to greater susceptibility to the herpesvirus, the putative causative agent of this tumor-forming disease. To address this question, we measured concentrations of 164 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and halogenated phenols in 53 Hawaiian green turtle (Chelonia mydas) plasma samples archived by the Biological and Environmental Monitoring and Archival of Sea Turtle Tissues (BEMAST) project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Marine Environmental Specimen Bank. Four groups of turtles were examined: free-ranging turtles from Kiholo Bay (0% FP, Hawaii), Kailua Bay (low FP, 8%, Oahu), and Kapoho Bay (moderate FP, 38%, Hawaii) and severely tumored stranded turtles that required euthanasia (high FP, 100%, Main Hawaiian Islands). Four classes of POPs and seven halogenated phenols were detected in at least one of the turtles, and concentrations were low (often <200 pg/g wet mass). The presence of halogenated phenols in sea turtles is a novel discovery; their concentrations were higher than most man-made POPs, suggesting that the source of most of these compounds was likely natural (produced by the algal turtle diet) rather than metabolites of man-made POPs. None of the compounds measured increased in concentration with increasing prevalence of FP across the four groups of turtles, suggesting that these 164 compounds are not likely primary triggers for the onset of FP. However, the stranded, severely tumored, emaciated turtle group (n = 14) had the highest concentrations of POPs, which might suggest that mobilization of contaminants with lipids into the blood during late-stage weight loss could contribute to the progression of the disease. Taken together, these data suggest that POPs are not a major cofactor in causing the onset of FP. C1 [Keller, Jennifer M.; Nilsen, Frances] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Balazs, George H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Nilsen, Frances; Jensen, Brenda A.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Rice, Marc] Hawaii Preparatory Acad, Sea Turtle Res Program, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jennifer.keller@noaa.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 61 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 14 BP 7807 EP 7816 DI 10.1021/es5014054 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6FH UT WOS:000339227500018 PM 24963745 ER PT J AU Pycke, BFG Roll, IB Brownawell, BJ Kinney, CA Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Halden, RU AF Pycke, Benny F. G. Roll, Isaac B. Brownawell, Bruce J. Kinney, Chad A. Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Halden, Rolf U. TI Transformation Products and Human Metabolites of Triclocarban and Triclosan in Sewage Sludge Across the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; BIOSOLIDS-BORNE TRICLOSAN; METHYL-TRICLOSAN; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; BACTERICIDE TRICLOSAN; TREATMENT PLANTS; SURFACE WATERS; BISPHENOL-A AB Removal of triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) from wastewater is a function of adsorption, abiotic degradation, and microbial mineralization or transformation, reactions that are not currently controlled or optimized in the pollution control infrastructure of standard wastewater treatment. Here, we report on the levels of eight transformation products, human metabolites, and manufacturing byproducts of TCC and TCS in raw and treated sewage sludge. Two sample sets were studied: samples collected once from 14 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) representing nine states, and multiple samples collected from one WWTP monitored for 12 months. Time-course analysis of significant mass fluxes (alpha = 0.01) indicate that transformation of TCC (dechlorination) and TCS (methylation) occurred during sewage conveyance and treatment. Strong linear correlations were found between TCC and the human metabolite 2'-hydroxy-TCC (r = 0.84), and between the TCC-dechlorination products dichlorocarbanilide (DCC) and monochlorocarbanilide (r = 0.99). Mass ratios of DCC-to-TCC and of methyl-triclosan (MeTCS)-to-TCS, serving as indicators of transformation activity, revealed that transformation was widespread under different treatment regimes across the WWTPs sampled, though the degree of transformation varied significantly among study sites (alpha = 0.01). The analysis of sludge sampled before and after different unit operation steps (i.e., anaerobic digestion, sludge heat treatment, and sludge drying) yielded insights into the extent and location of TCC and TCS transformation. Results showed anaerobic digestion to be important for MeTCS transformation (37-74%), whereas its contribution to partial TCC dechlorination was limited (0.4-2.1%). This longitudinal and nationwide survey is the first to report the occurrence of transformation products, human metabolites, and manufacturing byproducts of TCC and TCS in sewage sludge. C1 [Pycke, Benny F. G.; Roll, Isaac B.; Halden, Rolf U.] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Environm Secur, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Pycke, Benny F. G.; Roll, Isaac B.; Halden, Rolf U.] Arizona State Univ, Secur & Def Syst Initiat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Brownawell, Bruce J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kinney, Chad A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Halden, RU (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Environm Secur, 781 East Terrace Rd, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM halden@asu.edu RI Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010; OI Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361; Roll, Isaac/0000-0001-7604-7559 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [R01ES015445, 1R01ES020889]; USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program FX This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Award Numbers R01ES015445 and 1R01ES020889 and their respective supplements, and by the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS or the National Institutes of Health (NIH). We thank the many WWTP operators for making samples available and providing specific information pertaining to their WWTP and the numerous USGS personnel that collected samples for this project. We thank Tracy Yager, U.S. Geological Survey, for critically reading the manuscript. The use of trade, firm, or brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 14 U2 123 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 14 BP 7881 EP 7890 DI 10.1021/es5006362 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6FH UT WOS:000339227500027 PM 24932693 ER PT J AU Symstad, AJ Newton, WE Swanson, DJ AF Symstad, Amy J. Newton, Wesley E. Swanson, Daniel J. TI Strategies for preventing invasive plant outbreaks after prescribed fire in ponderosa pine forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cirsium arvense; Fire severity; Invasive plants; Pinus ponderosa forest; Prescribed fire; Verbascum thapsus ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; BLACK-HILLS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; NORTHERN ARIZONA; MOUNT RUSHMORE; SIERRA-NEVADA; USA; HISTORY; DISTURBANCES; DYNAMICS AB Land managers use prescribed fire to return a vital process to fire-adapted ecosystems, restore forest structure from a state altered by long-term fire suppression, and reduce wildfire intensity. However, fire often produces favorable conditions for invasive plant species, particularly if it is intense enough to reveal bare mineral soil and open previously closed canopies. Understanding the environmental or fire characteristics that explain post-fire invasive plant abundance would aid managers in efficiently finding and quickly responding to fire-caused infestations. To that end, we used an information-theoretic model-selection approach to assess the relative importance of abiotic environmental characteristics (topoedaphic position, distance from roads), pre-and post-fire biotic environmental characteristics (forest structure, understory vegetation, fuel load), and prescribed fire severity (measured in four different ways) in explaining invasive plant cover in ponderosa pine forest in South Dakota's Black Hills. Environmental characteristics (distance from roads and post-fire forest structure) alone provided the most explanation of variation (26%) in post-fire cover of Verbascum thapsus (common mullein), but a combination of surface fire severity and environmental characteristics (pre-fire forest structure and distance from roads) explained 36-39% of the variation in post-fire cover of Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) and all invasives together. For four species and all invasives together, their pre-fire cover explained more variation (26-82%) in post-fire cover than environmental and fire characteristics did, suggesting one strategy for reducing post-fire invasive outbreaks may be to find and control invasives before the fire. Finding them may be difficult, however, since pre-fire environmental characteristics explained only 20% of variation in pre-fire total invasive cover, and less for individual species. Thus, moderating fire intensity or targeting areas of high severity for post-fire invasive control may be the most efficient means for reducing the chances of post-fire invasive plant outbreaks when conducting prescribed fires in this region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Symstad, Amy J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Wind Cave Natl Pk, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. [Newton, Wesley E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Swanson, Daniel J.] Natl Pk Serv, Northern Great Plains Fire Ecol Program, Wind Cave Natl Pk, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. RP Symstad, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Wind Cave Natl Pk, 26611 US Highway 385, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. EM asymstad@usgs.gov; wnewton@usgs.gov; Dan_Swanson@nps.gov FU National Park Service Fire Research Reserve Fund; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Daniel Frank, Killian Malone, Diana Hackenburg, Annie Cooper, Joanna Rogers, and Dani Irvin for their field work and Matthew Brooks and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the National Park Service Fire Research Reserve Fund and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 21 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.04.022 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL4UE UT WOS:000339129500010 ER PT J AU Kim, ST Gebbinck, CK Mucci, A Coplen, TB AF Kim, Sang-Tae Gebbinck, Christa Klein Mucci, Alfonso Coplen, Tyler B. TI Oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system up to 0.7 mol/kg ionic strength at 25 degrees C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SALT-SOLUTIONS; CARBONIC-ACID; FRACTIONATION FACTORS; SYNTHETIC ARAGONITE; TEMPERATURE; WATER; EQUILIBRIUM; CALCITE; CALIBRATION; RATIO AB To investigate the oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system, witherite (BaCO3) was precipitated quasi-instantaneously and quantitatively from Na-Cl-Ba-CO2 solutions of seawater-like ionic strength (I = 0.7 mol/kg) at two pH values (similar to 7.9 and similar to 10.6) at 25 degrees C. The oxygen isotope composition of the witherite and the dissolved inorganic carbon speciation in the starting solution were used to estimate the oxygen isotope fractionations between HCO3- and H2O as well as between CO32- and H2O. Given the analytical error on the oxygen isotope composition of the witherite and uncertainties of the parent solution pH and speciation, oxygen isotope fractionation between NaHCO3 degrees and HCO3-, as well as between NaCO3 and CO32, is negligible under the experimental conditions investigated. The influence of dissolved NaCl concentration on the oxygen isotope fractionation in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system was also investigated at 25 degrees C. Aragonite was precipitated from Na-Cl-Ca-Mg-(B)-CO2 solutions of seawater-like ionic strength using passive CO2 degassing or constant addition methods. Based upon our new experimental observations and published experimental data from lower ionic strength solutions by Kim et al. (2007b), the equilibrium aragonite-water oxygen isotope fractionation factor is independent of the ionic strength of the parent solution up to 0.7 mol/kg. Hence, our study also suggests that the aragonite precipitation mechanism is not affected by the presence of sodium and chloride ions in the parent solution over the range of concentrations investigated. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Sang-Tae; Gebbinck, Christa Klein] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Mucci, Alfonso] McGill Univ, GEOTOP, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Mucci, Alfonso] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kim, ST (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM sangtae@mcmaster.ca RI Kim, Sang-Tae/C-2768-2013 FU NSERC Discovery FX This research was funded by NSERC Discovery grants to S.-T. Kim and A. Mucci. S.-T. Kim would like to thank Yeri Park and Martin Knyf for their assistance in the laboratory and the CMIC summer employment program for partial support of C.D. Klein Gebbinck's summer research assistantship. Finally, the support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this paper possible. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by McMaster University or the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 137 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.050 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AK4WD UT WOS:000338424000010 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Kirk, RL Hayes, AG Anderson, YZ Lunine, JI Tokano, T Turtle, EP Malaska, MJ Soderblom, JM Lucas, A Karatekin, O Wall, SD AF Lorenz, Ralph D. Kirk, Randolph L. Hayes, Alexander G. Anderson, Yanhua Z. Lunine, Jonathan I. Tokano, Tetsuya Turtle, Elizabeth P. Malaska, Michael J. Soderblom, Jason M. Lucas, Antoine Karatekin, Ozgur Wall, Stephen D. TI A radar map of Titan Seas: Tidal dissipation and ocean mixing through the throat of Kraken SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan, hydrology; Tides, solid body; Satellites, dynamics; Radio observations ID ONTARIO LACUS; HYDROCARBON LAKES; LIGEIA MARE; ATMOSPHERE; MODELS; ETHANE; WAVES; CYCLE AB We present a radar map of the Titan's seas, with bathymetry estimated as proportional to distance from the nearest shore. This naive analytic bathymetry, scaled to a recent radar sounding of Ligeia Mare, suggests a total liquid volume of 32,000 km(3), at the low end of estimates made in 2008 when mapping coverage was incomplete. We note that Kraken Mare has two principal basins, separated by a narrow (similar to 17 km wide, similar to 40 km long) strait we refer to as the 'throat'. Tidal currents in this strait may be dramatic (similar to 0.5 m/s), generating observable effects such as dynamic topography, whirlpools, and acoustic noise, much like tidal races on Earth such as the Corryvreckan off Scotland. If tidal flow through this strait is the dominant mixing process, the two basins take 20 Earth years to exchange their liquid inventory. Thus compositional differences over seasonal timescales may exist, but the composition of solutes (and thus evaporites) over Croll-Milankovich timescales should be homogenized. (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hayes, Alexander G.; Lunine, Jonathan I.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Anderson, Yanhua Z.; Malaska, Michael J.; Wall, Stephen D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tokano, Tetsuya] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50923 Cologne, Germany. [Soderblom, Jason M.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lucas, Antoine] Lab Anneaux Disques & Planetes, F-75013 Paris, France. [Karatekin, Ozgur] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1108 Brussels, Belgium. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lucas, Antoine/A-9752-2009; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lucas, Antoine/0000-0003-2192-4416; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Malaska, Michael/0000-0003-0064-5258 FU NASA Outer Planets Research program via grant "Physical Processes in Titan's Seas" [NNX13AK97G]; Cassini project grant "Cassini Radar Science Support" [NNX13AH14G] FX R.L. acknowledges the support of the NASA Outer Planets Research program via grant "Physical Processes in Titan's Seas" NNX13AK97G, as well as via Cassini project grant "Cassini Radar Science Support" NNX13AH14G. The Cassini/Huygens mission is a joint endeavor of NASA and ESA, as well as several European national agencies and is managed for NASA by the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We acknowledge stimulating discussions with the Cassini radar team. We thank Thomas Cornet and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 237 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.04.005 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AJ3HF UT WOS:000337556400002 ER PT J AU Fergason, RL Gaddis, LR Rogers, AD AF Fergason, R. L. Gaddis, L. R. Rogers, A. D. TI Hematite-bearing materials surrounding Candor Mensa in Candor Chasma, Mars: Implications for hematite origin and post-emplacement modification SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Geological processes; Infrared observations ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; INTERIOR LAYERED DEPOSITS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; VALLES-MARINERIS; CRYSTALLINE HEMATITE; OPPORTUNITY ROVER; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; BURNS FORMATION; LANDING SITE; FLUID-FLOW AB The Valles Marineris canyon system on Mars is of enduring scientific interest in part due to the presence of interior mounds that contain extensive layering and water-altered minerals, such as crystalline gray hematite and hydrated sulfates. The presence 'of hematite and hydrated sulfate minerals is important because their host rock lithologies provide information about past environments that may have supported liquid water and may have been habitable. This work further defines the association and relationship between hematite-bearing materials and low albedo (presumably aeolian) deposits and layered materials, identifies physical characteristics that are strongly correlated with the presence of hematite, and refines hypotheses for the origin and post-emplacement modification (including transport) of these hematite-bearing and associated materials. There are only three regions surrounding Candor Mensa where hematite has been identified, even though morphologic properties are similar throughout the entire mensa. Three possible explanations for why hematite is only exposed in these regions include: (1) the topographic structure of the mensa walls concentrates hematite at the base of the layered deposits, influencing the ability to detect hematite from orbit; (2) the presence of differing amounts of "dark mantling material" and hematite-free erosional sediment; (3) the potential fracturing of the mensa and the influence of these structures on fluid flow and subsequent digenesis. The observations of hematite-bearing materials in this work support the hypothesis that hematite is eroding from a unit in the Candor Mensa interior layered deposits (ILD) and is being concentrated as a lag deposit adjacent to the lower layers of Candor Mensa and at the base in the form of dark aeolian material. Due to the similar geologic context associated with hematite-bearing and ILD materials throughout the Valles Marineris canyon system, the insight gained from studying these materials surrounding Candor Mensa can likely be applicable to similar layered deposits throughout Valles Marineris. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fergason, R. L.; Gaddis, L. R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rogers, A. D.] Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Fergason, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rfergason@usgs.gov; lgaddis@usgs.gov; Deanne.Rogers@stonybrook.edu RI Rogers, Deanne/I-9737-2016 OI Rogers, Deanne/0000-0002-4671-2551 FU NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program [NNHO4AC27] FX We would like to acknowledge Hugh Kieffer for continuing to make his KRC thermal model available to derive thermal inertia values from THEMIS data. We would like to thank Scott Murchie and an anonymous reviewer for their detailed reviews, both of which improved the clarity and scientific presentation of this work. Discussions and detailed reviews of early manuscript drafts from Kenneth Herkenhoff and Chris Okubo also improved the clarity of this work. This work was funded in part by NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program Agreement Number NNHO4AC27 (L.R. Gaddis). NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 237 BP 350 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.04.038 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AJ3HF UT WOS:000337556400026 ER PT J AU Butnor, JR Campbell, JL Shanley, JB Zarnoch, SJ AF Butnor, John R. Campbell, John L. Shanley, James B. Zarnoch, Stanley J. TI Measuring soil frost depth in forest ecosystems with ground penetrating radar SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE GPR; Forest; Frozen soil; Nondestructive; Soil frost ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; AIR-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SNOW REMOVAL; FROZEN SOIL; NITROGEN; MANIPULATION; CHEMISTRY AB Soil frost depth in forest ecosystems can be variable and depends largely on early winter air temperatures and the amount and timing of snowfall. A thorough evaluation of ecological responses to seasonally frozen ground is hampered by our inability to adequately characterize the frequency, depth, duration and intensity of soil frost events. We evaluated the use of ground penetrating radar to nondestructively delineate soil frost under field conditions in three forest ecosystems. Soil frost depth was monitored periodically using a 900 MHz antenna in South Burlington, Vermont (SB), Sleepers River Watershed, North Danville, Vermont (SR) and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire (HBEF) during winter 2011-2012 on plots with snow and cleared of snow. GPR-based estimates were compared to data from thermistors and frost tubes, which estimate soil frost depth with a color indicating solution. In the absence of snow, frost was initially detected at a depth of 8-10 cm. Dry snow up to 35 cm deep, enhanced near-surface frost detection, raising the minimum frost detection depth to 4-5 cm. The most favorable surface conditions for GPR detection were bare soil or shallow dry snow where frost had penetrated to the minimum detectable depth. Unfavorable conditions included: standing water on frozen soil, wet snow, thawed surface soils and deep snow pack. Both SB and SR were suitable for frost detection most of the winter, while HBEF was not. Tree roots were detected as point reflections and were readily discriminated from continuous frost reflections. The bias of GPR frost depth measurements relative to thermistors was site dependent averaging 0.1 cm at SB and 1.1 cm at SR, and was not significantly different than zero. When separated by snow manipulation treatment at SR, overestimation of soil frost depth (5.5 cm) occurred on plots cleared of snow and underestimation (-1.5 cm) occurred on plots with snow. Despite some limitations posed by site and surface suitability, GPR could be useful for adding a spatial component to pre-installed soil frost monitoring networks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Butnor, John R.] Univ Vermont, USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Campbell, John L.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shanley, James B.] USGS, New England Water Sci Ctr, Vermont Off, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Zarnoch, Stanley J.] Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Butnor, JR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, 81 Carrigan Dr,Aiken Room 210, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM jbutnor@fs.fed.us; jlcampbell@fs.fed.us; jshanley@usgs.gov; szarnoch@fs.fed.us RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016; OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 FU Northern States Research Cooperative FX This research was supported by a grant from the Northern States Research Cooperative, Theme Two: Sustaining Ecosystem Health in Northern Forests (http://nsrcforestorg), administered by the University of New Hampshire. We appreciate the technical assistance and field expertise provided by John Bennink, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. We also appreciate advice on field sampling and post-collection data processing offered by Brian Jones, Geophysical Survey Systems Inc. Salem, NH. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 192 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.03.005 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0JX UT WOS:000335806300013 ER PT J AU Wang, O Zachmann, LJ Sesnie, SE Olsson, AD Dickson, BG AF Wang, Ophelia Zachmann, Luke J. Sesnie, Steven E. Olsson, Aaryn D. Dickson, Brett G. TI An Iterative and Targeted Sampling Design Informed by Habitat Suitability Models for Detecting Focal Plant Species over Extensive Areas SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PLANT; BRASSICA-TOURNEFORTII; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; GRASS/FIRE CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE DESERT; USA; DISTRIBUTIONS; FIRE AB Prioritizing areas for management of non-native invasive plants is critical, as invasive plants can negatively impact plant community structure. Extensive and multi-jurisdictional inventories are essential to prioritize actions aimed at mitigating the impact of invasions and changes in disturbance regimes. However, previous work devoted little effort to devising sampling methods sufficient to assess the scope of multi-jurisdictional invasion over extensive areas. Here we describe a large-scale sampling design that used species occurrence data, habitat suitability models, and iterative and targeted sampling efforts to sample five species and satisfy two key management objectives: 1) detecting non-native invasive plants across previously unsampled gradients, and 2) characterizing the distribution of non-native invasive plants at landscape to regional scales. Habitat suitability models of five species were based on occurrence records and predictor variables derived from topography, precipitation, and remotely sensed data. We stratified and established field sampling locations according to predicted habitat suitability and phenological, substrate, and logistical constraints. Across previously unvisited areas, we detected at least one of our focal species on 77% of plots. In turn, we used detections from 2011 to improve habitat suitability models and sampling efforts in 2012, as well as additional spatial constraints to increase detections. These modifications resulted in a 96% detection rate at plots. The range of habitat suitability values that identified highly and less suitable habitats and their environmental conditions corresponded to field detections with mixed levels of agreement. Our study demonstrated that an iterative and targeted sampling framework can address sampling bias, reduce time costs, and increase detections. Other studies can extend the sampling framework to develop methods in other ecosystems to provide detection data. The sampling methods implemented here provide a meaningful tool when understanding the potential distribution and habitat of species over multi-jurisdictional and extensive areas is needed for achieving management objectives. C1 [Wang, Ophelia; Zachmann, Luke J.; Sesnie, Steven E.; Olsson, Aaryn D.; Dickson, Brett G.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Zachmann, Luke J.; Dickson, Brett G.] Conservat Sci Partners Inc, Truckee, CA USA. [Sesnie, Steven E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Wang, O (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Ophelia.Wang@nau.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC-1722]; Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) [10-1-04-7] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP; project RC-1722), and by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP; project ID 10-1-04-7). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101196 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101196 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM1PC UT WOS:000339618600011 PM 25019621 ER PT J AU Stapleton, S LaRue, M Lecomte, N Atkinson, S Garshelis, D Porter, C Atwood, T AF Stapleton, Seth LaRue, Michelle Lecomte, Nicolas Atkinson, Stephen Garshelis, David Porter, Claire Atwood, Todd TI Polar Bears from Space: Assessing Satellite Imagery as a Tool to Track Arctic Wildlife SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARINE MAMMALS; SEA-ICE; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; POPULATION-SIZE; SURVIVAL AB Development of efficient techniques for monitoring wildlife is a priority in the Arctic, where the impacts of climate change are acute and remoteness and logistical constraints hinder access. We evaluated high resolution satellite imagery as a tool to track the distribution and abundance of polar bears. We examined satellite images of a small island in Foxe Basin, Canada, occupied by a high density of bears during the summer ice-free season. Bears were distinguished from other light-colored spots by comparing images collected on different dates. A sample of ground-truthed points demonstrated that we accurately classified bears. Independent observers reviewed images and a population estimate was obtained using mark-recapture models. This estimate (N : 94; 95% Confidence Interval: 92-105) was remarkably similar to an abundance estimate derived from a line transect aerial survey conducted a few days earlier (N: 102; 95% CI: 69-152). Our findings suggest that satellite imagery is a promising tool for monitoring polar bears on land, with implications for use with other Arctic wildlife. Large scale applications may require development of automated detection processes to expedite review and analysis. Future research should assess the utility of multi-spectral imagery and examine sites with different environmental characteristics. C1 [Stapleton, Seth; Atwood, Todd] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Garshelis, David] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [LaRue, Michelle; Porter, Claire] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lecomte, Nicolas; Atkinson, Stephen] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU, Canada. [Garshelis, David] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN USA. RP Stapleton, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM stapl078@umn.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 77 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 9 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101513 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101513 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL3PK UT WOS:000339040600041 PM 25006979 ER PT J AU Kirby, SH Wang, K Brocher, TM AF Kirby, Stephen H. Wang, Kelin Brocher, Thomas M. TI A large mantle water source for the northern San Andreas fault system: a ghost of subduction past SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Serpentinite; Antigorite; Lizardite; Chrysotile; Ophiolite; Mantle water; San Andreas Fault System; Subduction; California Coast Ranges; Non-volcanic tremor ID CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES; FORE-ARC MANTLE; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; CENOZOIC VOLCANISM; DEEP TREMOR; SERPENTINITE; FLUIDS; ZONE; DEFORMATION AB Recent research indicates that the shallow mantle of the Cascadia subduction margin under near-coastal Pacific Northwest, USA is cold and partially serpentinized, storing large quantities of water in this wedge-shaped region. Such a wedge probably formed to the south in California during an earlier period of subduction. We show by numerical modeling that after subduction ceased with the creation of the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS), the mantle wedge warmed, slowly releasing its water over a period of more than 25 Ma by serpentine dehydration into the crust above. This deep, long-term water source could facilitate fault slip in San Andreas System at low shear stresses by raising pore pressures in a broad region above the wedge. Moreover, the location and breadth of the water release from this model gives insights into the position and breadth of the SAFS. Such a mantle source of water also likely plays a role in the occurrence of non-volcanic tremor (NVT) that has been reported along the SAFS in central California. This process of water release from mantle depths could also mobilize mantle serpentinite from the wedge above the dehydration front, permitting upward emplacement of serpentinite bodies by faulting or by diapiric ascent. Specimens of serpentinite collected from tectonically emplaced serpentinite blocks along the SAFS show mineralogical and structural evidence of high fluid pressures during ascent from depth. Serpentinite dehydration may also lead to tectonic mobility along other plate boundaries that succeed subduction, such as other continental transforms, collision zones, or along present-day subduction zones where spreading centers are subducting. C1 [Kirby, Stephen H.; Brocher, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wang, Kelin] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Kirby, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM skirby@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Geological Survey of Canada FX We benefited from discussions with our colleagues Roy Hyndman, Richard Blakely, Bob Jachens, David Ponce, Uri ten Brink, Art McGarr, Ray Wells, Tom Parsons, Art Lachenbruch, Robert McLaughlin, Robert Coleman, Tetsuzo Seno, Dianne Moore, Barbara Bekins, John Wakabayashi, David Shelly, Art McGarr, and Masaoki Uno. We also thank Art McGarr, David Ponce, and Uri ten Brink for helpful reviews on an earlier draft of this paper. We also thank Roland Burgmann and Stephane Guillot for insightful and helpful reviews of the present paper. David Ponce generously provided most of the graphical information shown in Figure 7a,b. Tetsuzo Seno and SHK discussed some of the tectonic implications of our model while the senior author was a JSPS Fellow at the Earthquake Research Institute of the University of Tokyo in 2005 and 2006. Finally, Barbara Bekins provided advice on the hydrological implications of our results. The writers acknowledge funding support from their home institutions, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada. This paper has received the Approval of the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey on 11 June 2014. NR 112 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 66 AR 67 DI 10.1186/1880-5981-66-67 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AM4RC UT WOS:000339841900001 ER PT J AU Peel, AJ Pulliam, JRC Luis, AD Plowright, RK O'Shea, TJ Hayman, DTS Wood, JLN Webb, CT Restif, O AF Peel, A. J. Pulliam, J. R. C. Luis, A. D. Plowright, R. K. O'Shea, T. J. Hayman, D. T. S. Wood, J. L. N. Webb, C. T. Restif, O. TI The effect of seasonal birth pulses on pathogen persistence in wild mammal populations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE critical community size; wildlife epidemiology; birth pulse; seasonality; stochastic model ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; DYNAMICS; HOST; THRESHOLDS; PLAGUE; RABIES; RATES; EMERGENCE; VIRUS; MAINTENANCE AB The notion of a critical community size (CCS), or population size that is likely to result in long-term persistence of a communicable disease, has been developed based on the empirical observations of acute immunizing infections in human populations, and extended for use in wildlife populations. Seasonal birth pulses are frequently observed in wildlife and are expected to impact infection dynamics, yet their effect on pathogen persistence and CCS have not been considered. To investigate this issue theoretically, we use stochastic epidemiological models to ask how host life-history traits and infection parameters interact to determine pathogen persistence within a closed population. We fit seasonal birth pulse models to data from diverse mammalian species in order to identify realistic parameter ranges. When varying the synchrony of the birth pulse with all other parameters being constant, our model predicted that the CCS can vary by more than two orders of magnitude. Tighter birth pulses tended to drive pathogen extinction by creating large amplitude oscillations in prevalence, especially with high demographic turnover and short infectious periods. Parameters affecting the relative timing of the epidemic and birth pulse peaks determined the intensity and direction of the effect of pre-existing immunity in the population on the pathogen's ability to persist beyond the initial epidemic following its introduction. C1 [Peel, A. J.; Wood, J. L. N.; Restif, O.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Dis Dynam Unit, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. [Peel, A. J.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Peel, A. J.] Griffith Univ, Environm Futures Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Pulliam, J. R. C.; Luis, A. D.; Hayman, D. T. S.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Pulliam, J. R. C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pulliam, J. R. C.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Luis, A. D.; Hayman, D. T. S.; Webb, C. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Plowright, R. K.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [O'Shea, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Glen Haven, CO 80532 USA. RP Peel, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Dis Dynam Unit, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. EM alisonpeel@gmail.com RI Peel, Alison/I-3202-2012; Wood, James/A-1626-2008; OI Peel, Alison/0000-0003-3538-3550; Wood, James/0000-0002-0258-3188; Restif, Olivier/0000-0001-9158-853X; Pulliam, Juliet/0000-0003-3314-8223 FU Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health and Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Isaac Newton Trust; Royal Society; Alborada Trust; Cedar Tree Foundation FX This work was supported by the Research and Policy on Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) Programme of the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health and Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security. Individual authors also acknowledge funding from the Isaac Newton Trust (A.J.P.), the Royal Society (O.R.), the Alborada Trust (J.L.N.W.) and the Cedar Tree Foundation (R.K.P. and D.T.S.H.). NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1786 AR 20132962 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.2962 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AI3TA UT WOS:000336784500005 ER PT J AU Prejean, SG Haney, MM AF Prejean, Stephanie G. Haney, Matthew M. TI Shaking up volcanoes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Prejean, Stephanie G.; Haney, Matthew M.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Prejean, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM sprejean@usgs.gov; mhaney@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6192 BP 39 EP 39 DI 10.1126/science.1256196 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK2XU UT WOS:000338284400040 PM 24994641 ER PT J AU Gustine, DD Brinkman, TJ Lindgren, MA Schmidt, JI Rupp, TS Adams, LG AF Gustine, David D. Brinkman, Todd J. Lindgren, Michael A. Schmidt, Jennifer I. Rupp, T. Scott Adams, Layne G. TI Climate-Driven Effects of Fire on Winter Habitat for Caribou in the Alaskan-Yukon Arctic SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INTERIOR ALASKA; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; VEGETATION-RESPONSE; SEWARD PENINSULA; LICHEN ABUNDANCE; FEMALE CARIBOU; BOREAL FOREST; WILD REINDEER; TUNDRA FIRE AB Climatic warming has direct implications for fire-dominated disturbance patterns in northern ecosystems. A transforming wildfire regime is altering plant composition and successional patterns, thus affecting the distribution and potentially the abundance of large herbivores. Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) are an important subsistence resource for communities throughout the north and a species that depends on terrestrial lichen in late-successional forests and tundra systems. Projected increases in area burned and reductions in stand ages may reduce lichen availability within caribou winter ranges. Sufficient reductions in lichen abundance could alter the capacity of these areas to support caribou populations. To assess the potential role of a changing fire regime on winter habitat for caribou, we used a simulation modeling platform, two global circulation models (GCMs), and a moderate emissions scenario to project annual fire characteristics and the resulting abundance of lichen-producing vegetation types (i.e., spruce forests and tundra >60 years old) across a modeling domain that encompassed the winter ranges of the Central Arctic and Porcupine caribou herds in the Alaskan-Yukon Arctic. Fires were less numerous and smaller in tundra compared to spruce habitats throughout the 90-year projection for both GCMs. Given the more likely climate trajectory, we projected that the Porcupine caribou herd, which winters primarily in the boreal forest, could be expected to experience a greater reduction in lichen-producing winter habitats (-21%) than the Central Arctic herd that wintered primarily in the arctic tundra (-11%). Our results suggest that caribou herds wintering in boreal forest will undergo fire-driven reductions in lichen-producing habitats that will, at a minimum, alter their distribution. Range shifts of caribou resulting from fire-driven changes to winter habitat may diminish access to caribou for rural communities that reside in fire-prone areas. C1 [Gustine, David D.; Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.; Lindgren, Michael A.; Schmidt, Jennifer I.; Rupp, T. Scott] Univ Alaska, Scenarios Network Alaska & Arctic Planning, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Gustine, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dgustine@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystem Mission Area FX This work is part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and is supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 85 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 64 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e100588 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0100588 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO3RT UT WOS:000341253400025 PM 24991804 ER PT J AU Loss, SR Will, T Marra, PP AF Loss, Scott R. Will, Tom Marra, Peter P. TI Refining Estimates of Bird Collision and Electrocution Mortality at Power Lines in the United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EAGLE HIERAAETUS-FASCIATUS; RAPTOR ELECTROCUTION; TRANSMISSION-LINES; UTILITY STRUCTURES; AVIAN MORTALITY; RISK; POPULATION; MARKING; CANADA; AREAS AB Collisions and electrocutions at power lines are thought to kill large numbers of birds in the United States annually. However, existing estimates of mortality are either speculative (for electrocution) or based on extrapolation of results from one study to all U.S. power lines (for collision). Because national-scale estimates of mortality and comparisons among threats are likely to be used for prioritizing policy and management strategies and for identifying major research needs, these estimates should be based on systematic and transparent assessment of rigorously collected data. We conducted a quantitative review that incorporated data from 14 studies meeting our inclusion criteria to estimate that between 12 and 64 million birds are killed each year at U.S. power lines, with between 8 and 57 million birds killed by collision and between 0.9 and 11.6 million birds killed by electrocution. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the majority of uncertainty in our estimates arises from variation in mortality rates across studies; this variation is due in part to the small sample of rigorously conducted studies that can be used to estimate mortality. Little information is available to quantify species-specific vulnerability to mortality at power lines; the available literature over-represents particular bird groups and habitats, and most studies only sample and present data for one or a few species. Furthermore, additional research is needed to clarify whether, to what degree, and in what regions populations of different bird species are affected by power line-related mortality. Nonetheless, our data-driven analysis suggests that the amount of bird mortality at U.S. power lines is substantial and that conservation management and policy is necessary to reduce this mortality. C1 [Loss, Scott R.; Marra, Peter P.] Migratory Bird Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Will, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Midwest Reg Off, Bloomington, MA USA. RP Loss, SR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM scott.loss@okstate.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX S.R.L. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Institution's Postdoctoral Fellowship program. T.W. participated as a collaborator and co-author throughout the project; however, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife as a larger entity had no role in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in writing the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101565 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101565 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO3RT UT WOS:000341253400091 PM 24991997 ER PT J AU Brunk, KM Vinson, MR Ogle, DH Evrard, LM AF Brunk, Kristin M. Vinson, Mark R. Ogle, Derek H. Evrard, Lori M. TI Burrowing mayfly populations in Chequamegon Bay, Wisconsin: 2002 and 2012 SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE water quality; benthic invertebrates; contaminants; Lake Superior; Superfund; Chequamegon Bay ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; HEXAGENIA-LIMBATA; YELLOW PERCH; EPHEMEROPTERA; EPHEMERIDAE; RECOVERY; NYMPHS AB Burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) are sensitive to pollution and have been used as environmental indicators in the Great Lakes. Hexagenia limbata and Ephemera simulans population abundance and biomass estimates from Chequamegon Bay, Lake Superior, were compared between the years 2002 and 2012 as well as inside and outside the Northern States Power Lakefront Superfund site. Mean abundance was similar and mean biomass of Ephemeridae was slightly less in 2012 than in 2002, most likely due to the occurrence of E. simulans in 2012, a smaller species not collected in 2002. In 2012, mean ephemerid abundance and biomass outside the Superfund site was significantly higher than inside the Superfund site. Biomass was higher in clay, clay with sand, and sand with clay substrates than in fine sand, coarse sand, or wood debris substrates. Substrate in the Superfund site was predominantly wood debris. Future monitoring of ephemerid populations in Chequamegon Bay, and particularly in the Superfund site as clean up begins, would be valuable to establish long-term population trends for these two species and potentially shed light on the habitat requirements of E. simulans, an understudied species in the Great Lakes. C1 [Brunk, Kristin M.; Ogle, Derek H.] Northland Coll, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Vinson, Mark R.; Evrard, Lori M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Ogle, DH (reprint author), Northland Coll, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dogle@northland.edu OI Ogle, Derek/0000-0002-0370-9299 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1080/02705060.2014.896294 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AH1LP UT WOS:000335882600003 ER PT J AU Fincel, MJ James, DA Chipps, SR Davis, BA AF Fincel, Mark J. James, Daniel A. Chipps, Steven R. Davis, Blake A. TI Using cumulative diet data and stable isotope analysis to determine trophic position of walleye Sander vitreus in a large, complex system SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cumulative diet assessment; delta 13C; delta 15N; trophic position; Lake Oahe; Sander vitreus ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; PREY AB Diet studies have traditionally been used to determine prey use and food web dynamics, while stable isotope analysis provides for a time-integrated approach to evaluate food web dynamics and characterize energy flow in aquatic systems. Direct comparison of the two techniques is rare and difficult to conduct in large, species rich systems. We compared changes in walleye Sander vitreus trophic position (TP) derived from paired diet content and stable isotope analysis. Individual diet-derived TP estimates were dissimilar to stable isotope-derived TP estimates. However, cumulative diet-derived TP estimates integrated from May 2001 to May 2002 corresponded to May 2002 isotope-derived estimates of TP. Average walleye TP estimates from the spring season appear representative of feeding throughout the entire previous year. C1 [Fincel, Mark J.] South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, Dept Nat Resource Management, Ft Pierre Dist Off, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. [James, Daniel A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Davis, Blake A.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Fincel, MJ (reprint author), South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, Dept Nat Resource Management, Ft Pierre Dist Off, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. EM mark.fincel@state.sd.us FU US Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks, South Dakota State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX The South Dakota Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks, South Dakota State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1080/02705060.2014.910713 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AH1LP UT WOS:000335882600011 ER PT J AU Fincel, MJ Dembkowski, DJ Chipps, SR AF Fincel, Mark J. Dembkowski, Daniel J. Chipps, Steven R. TI Influence of variable rainbow smelt and gizzard shad abundance on walleye diets and growth SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE walleye; bioenergetics; rainbow smelt; gizzard shad; Lake Oahe ID MISSOURI RIVER RESERVOIR; SOUTH-DAKOTA; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; FOOD-HABITS; LAKE-ERIE; PREY; CONSUMPTION; POPULATION; PREDATOR AB Fincel MJ, Dembkowski DJ, Chipps SR. 2014. Influence of variable rainbow smelt and gizzard shad abundance on walleye diets and growth. Lake Reserv Manage. 30:258-267. Prey availability influences growth and condition of walleye (Sander vitreus) in large systems. In Lake Oahe, South Dakota, rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) are primary prey of walleye, but their abundance varies substantially year to year. To evaluate the influence of gizzard shad and rainbow smelt on walleye diets and growth in Lake Oahe, we compared recent estimates of walleye diets and growth in 2008 through 2010 with those from the late 1990s and early 2000s. Walleye diets differed seasonally with increased piscivory in July and October. In 2008, gizzard shad were the dominant prey item of walleye, representing about 60% of the diets by weight; however, by 2009, gizzard shad declined appreciably in the diet (22%) and were completely absent from walleye diets by 2010. Conversely, rainbow smelt abundance represented 12%, 27%, and 90% of walleye diets by weight in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Changes in growth corresponded to changes in diets, with the slowest growth occurring when gizzard shad were dominant in the diets and increasing growth every year thereafter. Because gizzard shad are only available during short periods (<3 months) in late summer, walleye can only achieve about 50% of their annual maintenance energy requirements from this prey source. Conversely, rainbow smelt, which are available and consumed year round, provide a continuous energy source that contributes to high growth rates. Nonetheless, when abundant, gizzard shad may provide an important subsidy to Lake Oahe walleye during periods of low rainbow smelt abundance. C1 [Fincel, Mark J.] South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, Missouri River Fisheries Ctr, Ft Pierre Dist Off, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. [Dembkowski, Daniel J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Northern Plains Biostress Lab SNP, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management,Northern Plains Bios, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Fincel, MJ (reprint author), South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, Missouri River Fisheries Ctr, Ft Pierre Dist Off, 20641 SD HWY, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. EM Mark.Fincel@state.sd.us FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R, 1515]; U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Project F-15-R, Study 1515, administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1080/10402381.2014.914989 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AH2HT UT WOS:000335942800005 ER PT J AU Tracey, JA Sheppard, J Zhu, J Wei, FW Swaisgood, RR Fisher, RN AF Tracey, Jeff A. Sheppard, James Zhu, Jun Wei, Fuwen Swaisgood, Ronald R. Fisher, Robert N. TI Movement-Based Estimation and Visualization of Space Use in 3D for Wildlife Ecology and Conservation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VIDEO-RECORDED OBSERVATIONS; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; DUGONG HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; 3-DIMENSIONAL MOVEMENTS; GYMNOGYPS-CALIFORNIANUS; TELEMETRY DATA; DIEL CYCLES; CLASSIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Advances in digital biotelemetry technologies are enabling the collection of bigger and more accurate data on the movements of free-ranging wildlife in space and time. Although many biotelemetry devices record 3D location data with x, y, and z coordinates from tracked animals, the third z coordinate is typically not integrated into studies of animal spatial use. Disregarding the vertical component may seriously limit understanding of animal habitat use and niche separation. We present novel movement-based kernel density estimators and computer visualization tools for generating and exploring 3D home ranges based on location data. We use case studies of three wildlife species - giant panda, dugong, and California condor - to demonstrate the ecological insights and conservation management benefits provided by 3D home range estimation and visualization for terrestrial, aquatic, and avian wildlife research. C1 [Tracey, Jeff A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Sheppard, James; Swaisgood, Ronald R.] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA USA. [Zhu, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhu, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wei, Fuwen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Tracey, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jatracey@usgs.gov FU Sempra Energy; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by Sempra Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 51 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 2 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101205 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101205 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO5BA UT WOS:000341354100070 PM 24988114 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Villalobos, JC Rocha-Olivares, A Work, TM Calderon-Aguilera, LE Caceres-Martinez, JA AF Carolina Rodriguez-Villalobos, Jenny Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl Work, Thierry Martin Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Abelardo Caceres-Martinez, Jorge TI Gross and microscopic pathology of lesions in Pocillopora spp. from the subtropical eastern Pacific SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coral diseases; Lesions; Histopathology; Eastern Pacific; Pocillopora ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CORAL-REEFS; MEXICAN PACIFIC; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MONTIPORA-CAPITATA; TEMPERATURE STRESS; CELLULAR REACTIONS; BAND DISEASE; MECHANISMS; MORTALITY AB Coral reefs are threatened by a variety of factors including diseases that have caused significant damage in some regions such as in the Caribbean. At present, no data are available on coral diseases in the Mexican Pacific where Pocillopora spp. is a dominant component of coral communities. Here, we describe gross and microscopic morphology of lesions found in pocilloporids at four sites in the Mexican Pacific. Corals were identified and their lesions photographed and quantified in the field. Tissue samples were collected from healthy and affected colonies for histopathology. We recorded seven species of pocilloporids at the study sites with Isla Isabel being the location with the highest coral diversity (H' = 1.27). Lesions were present in 42% of the colonies and included discoloration (32%), predation-induced tissue loss (30%), unexplained tissue loss (3%) and overgrowth by sponges or algae (35%). The most affected species, P. damicomis (50%), was also one of the most common in the region. No species was more prone to a particular lesion, but there was a significant association between location and the presence of lesions. Northern Islas Marietas (61%) and Isla Isabel (41%) had the highest prevalence of lesions, followed by Manzanillo (37%) and Bahlas de Huatulco (23%). Histological changes included atrophy of the surface body wall with depletion of zooxanthellae (91%) in corals with discoloration (bleaching). Ablation of tissue from mesoglea (18%) was also observed. Colonies with unexplained tissue loss showed atrophy and thinning of the epidermis (89%), characterized by cuboidal instead of pseudocolumnar cells normally found in healthy pseudocolumnar ciliated epithelium. Bacterial aggregates between the mesoglea and gastrodermis (11%) were very conspicuous in healthy and diseased corals. Lesions produced by fish bites and gastropods were associated with tissue atrophy (40%) and, in some cases, algal overgrowth near the lesion (20%). No infectious agents associated with cell pathology were detected microscopically. Bleaching and overgrowth by algae and sponges, as well as unexplained tissue loss, are common in Pocillopora. These lesions and anatomical changes warrant further study since their incidence is potentially indicative of reef degradation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Carolina Rodriguez-Villalobos, Jenny; Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera, Luis] CICESE, Dept Ecol Marina, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl] CICESE, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Abelardo Caceres-Martinez, Jorge] CICESE, Dept Acuicultura, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Work, Thierry Martin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Calderon-Aguilera, LE (reprint author), CICESE, Dept Ecol Marina, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM leca@cicese.mx RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl/A-9832-2008; Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Eduardo/E-1522-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl/0000-0002-2700-9086; Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Eduardo/0000-0001-5427-6043 FU SEMARNAT-INE-CONACYT [23390]; CONACYT [CVU 339868] FX This work was partially funded by SEMARNAT-INE-CONACYT (Grant 23390 to LECA). JCRV was sponsored by CONACYT (CVU 339868). Y. Guerrero assisted in laboratory work and J.M. Dominguez helped with the map. We are in debt to all our friends and colleagues that helped in the field work. The comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved previous versions of this work. Mention of products and trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 120 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2014.04.007 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CA5QL UT WOS:000348962800003 PM 24799047 ER PT J AU Work, TM Aeby, GS Lasne, G Tribollet, A AF Work, Thierry M. Aeby, Greta S. Lasne, Gregory Tribollet, Aline TI Gross and microscopic pathology of hard and soft corals in New Caledonia SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Histopathology; Coral; Disease; New Caledonia; Endolithic hypermycosis; Porites trematodiasis ID LOSS WHITE SYNDROME; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; INDO-PACIFIC; ACROPORA; DISEASE; PORITES; OCEAN; MECHANISMS; PRIORITIES; LESIONS AB We surveyed the reefs of Grande Terre, New Caledonia, for coral diseases in 2010 and 2013. Lesions encountered in hard and soft corals were systematically described at the gross and microscopic level. We sampled paired and normal tissues from 101 and 65 colonies in 2010 and 2013, respectively, comprising 51 species of corals from 27 genera. Tissue loss was the most common gross lesion sampled (40%) followed by discoloration (28%), growth anomalies (13%), bleaching (10%), and flatworm infestation (1%). When grouped by gross lesions, the diversity of microscopic lesions as measured by Shannon-Wiener index was highest for tissue loss, followed by discoloration, bleaching, and growth anomaly. Our findings document an extension of the range of certain diseases such as Porites trematodiasis and endolithic hypermycosis (dark spots) to the Western Pacific as well as the presence of a putative cnidarian endosymbiont. We also expand the range of species infected by cell-associated microbial aggregates, and confirm the trend that these aggregates predominate in dominant genera of corals in the Indo-Pacific. This study highlights the importance of including histopathology as an integral component of baseline coral disease surveys, because a given gross lesion might be associated with multiple potential causative agents. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Aeby, Greta S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lasne, Gregory] BIOCENOSE MARINE Sarl, Ctr IRD Noumea, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Tribollet, Aline] UPMC, CNRS, IRD, MNHN,UMR IPSL LOCEAN,Ctr IRD France Nord, F-93143 Bondy, France. RP Work, TM (reprint author), USGS, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM Thierly_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU South Pacific Center (CPS) in Noumea through the program "CRISP" (Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific); French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy through the program "IFRECOR"(Initiative Francaise pour les Recifs Coralliens) FX We would like to thank the South Pacific Center (CPS) in Noumea through the program "CRISP" (Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific) for funding the survey in 2010, and the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy through the program "IFRECOR"(Initiative Francaise pour les Recifs Coralliens) for funding the survey in 2013. We also thank the Center of IRD in Noumea for allowing us using the boat and the diving facilities. We greatly thank Miguel Clarque, Eric Folcher, Philippe Naudin, John Butscher, Armelle Renaud and Bertrand Bourgeois for their assistance on the field. We thank colleagues from the Center of IRD in Noumea who gave us assistance and allowed the use of their field microscopes. Mention of products or trade names do not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 120 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2014.05.007 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CA5QL UT WOS:000348962800009 PM 24927644 ER PT J AU Selbig, WR AF Selbig, William R. TI FROM STREETS TO STREAMS: ASSESSING THE TOXICITY POTENTIAL IN URBAN SEDIMENT SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wrselbig@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 10 IS 3 BP 474 EP 475 DI 10.1002/ieam.1542 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AK0VG UT WOS:000338133500019 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Holcombe, TR Bella, EM Carlson, ML Graziano, G Lamb, M Seefeldt, SS Morisette, J AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Holcombe, Tracy R. Bella, Elizabeth M. Carlson, Matthew L. Graziano, Gino Lamb, Melinda Seefeldt, Steven S. Morisette, Jeffery TI Cross-Scale Assessment of Potential Habitat Shifts in a Rapidly Changing Climate SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; bioclimatic modeling; Centaurea stoebe; Cirsium arvense; climate change; Fallopia japonica (Polygonum cuspidatum) complex; invasive species; Melilotus albus; Phalaris arundinacea ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; BIOCLIMATIC MODELS; LAND-COVER; DISTRIBUTIONS; ALASKA; PREDICTION; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGES; PENINSULA AB We assessed the ability of climatic, environmental, and anthropogenic variables to predict areas of high-risk for plant invasion and consider the relative importance and contribution of these predictor variables by considering two spatial scales in a region of rapidly changing climate. We created predictive distribution models, using Maxent, for three highly invasive plant species (Canada thistle, white sweetclover, and reed canarygrass) in Alaska at both a regional scale and a local scale. Regional scale models encompassed southern coastal Alaska and were developed from topographic and climatic data at a 2 km (1.2 mi) spatial resolution. Models were applied to future climate (2030). Local scale models were spatially nested within the regional area; these models incorporated physiographic and anthropogenic variables at a 30 m (98.4 ft) resolution. Regional and local models performed well (AUC values > 0.7), with the exception of one species at each spatial scale. Regional models predict an increase in area of suitable habitat for all species by 2030 with a general shift to higher elevation areas; however, the distribution of each species was driven by different climate and topographical variables. In contrast local models indicate that distance to right-of-ways and elevation are associated with habitat suitability for all three species at this spatial level. Combining results from regional models, capturing long-term distribution, and local models, capturing near-term establishment and distribution, offers a new and effective tool for highlighting at-risk areas and provides insight on how variables acting at different scales contribute to suitability predictions. The combinations also provides easy comparison, highlighting agreement between the two scales, where long-term distribution factors predict suitability while near-term do not and vice versa. C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Holcombe, Tracy R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bella, Elizabeth M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Kenai Natl Wildlife Refug, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Carlson, Matthew L.] UAA Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Carlson, Matthew L.] Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Graziano, Gino] UAF Cooperat Extens Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Lamb, Melinda] US Forest Serv Reg 10 Forest Hlth Protect, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Seefeldt, Steven S.] UAF Cooperat Extens Serv Tanana Dist, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Morisette, Jeffery] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, DOI North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Nat Resource & Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska Anchorage FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program and Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska Anchorage for support. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 27 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00071.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AT4LN UT WOS:000344911100011 ER PT J AU Phillips-Mao, L Larson, DL Jordan, NR Knight, KS AF Phillips-Mao, Laura Larson, Diane L. Jordan, Nicholas R. Knight, Kathleen S. TI Effects of native herbs and light on garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) invasion (vol 7, pg 257, 2014) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Phillips-Mao, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jordan, Nicholas R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Knight, Kathleen S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Phillips-Mao, L (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM phil0308@umn.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 540 EP 540 DI 10.1614/1939-747X-7.3.540 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AT4LN UT WOS:000344911100017 ER PT J AU Ryan, KJ Zydlewski, JD Calhoun, AJK AF Ryan, Kevin J. Zydlewski, Joseph D. Calhoun, Aram J. K. TI USING PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER (PIT) SYSTEMS FOR TERRESTRIAL DETECTION OF BLUE-SPOTTED SALAMANDERS (AMBYSTOMA LATERALE) IN SITU SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; detection; expulsion; PIT pack; PIT Tag; PIT telemetry; retention ID HABITAT USE; ANTENNAS; TAGS AB Pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) are the smallest members of the family Ambystomatidae which makes tracking with radio-transmitters difficult because of small battery capacity. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags provide another tracking approach for small fossorial animals such as salamanders. We evaluated the use of portable PIT tag readers (PIT packs) to detect PIT tag-implanted pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders in situ. We also examined the detection probability of salamanders with PIT tags held in enclosures in wetland and terrestrial habitats, as well as the underground detection range of PIT packs by scanning for buried tags not implanted into salamanders. Of the 532 PIT tagged salamanders, we detected 6.84% at least once during scanning surveys. We scanned systematically within a 13.37 ha area surrounding a salamander breeding pool on 34 occasions (similar to 119 hours of survey time) and detected PIT tags 74 times. We detected 55% of PITs in tagged salamanders and 45% were expelled tags. We were able to reliably detect buried PIT tags from 1-22 cm below the ground surface. Because nearly half the locations represented expelled tags, our data suggest this technique is inappropriate for future studies of pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders, although it may be suitable for polyploid Blue-spotted Salamanders and other ambystomatid species, which are larger in size and may exhibit higher tag retention rates. It may also be prudent to conduct long-term tag retention studies in captivity before tagging and releasing salamanders for in situ study, and to double-mark individuals. C1 [Ryan, Kevin J.; Zydlewski, Joseph D.; Calhoun, Aram J. K.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph D.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Ryan, KJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM kevin.j.ryan@maine.edu FU Lowe's Home Centers, Inc.; Connecticut Endangered Species/Wildlife Income Tax Check-off Fund; University of Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative; University of Maine Department of Wildlife Ecology; Connecticut State Wildlife Grants FX We thank Tyler Mahard, Tonya Mammone, and Maura Robie for their help in the field and lab. Fieldwork was sanctioned by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection of which we thank Jenny Dickson, Kate Moran, and Julie Victoria for their guidance and support. Handling of animals was conducted under University of Maine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Permits A2008-02-06 and A2011-02-01. We thank Sean Blomquist, William Halteman, Daniel Harrison, and Brad Timm for statistical guidance, and Daniel Harrison, Malcolm Hunter, Jr., and Brad Timm for significantly improving the manuscript. Special recognition goes to the Shinkiewicz family who very generously provided study sites and housing, to the Hicks/O'Neill family who provided housing and project assistance and advice, to Michael Klemens for initiating the overall project, lending his invaluable experience with Blue-spotted Salamanders, and for contributing essential data to assist with this research, and to Dennis Quinn of CTHerpConsultant, LLC for partnering with the project and providing much useful research advice. Funding was provided by Lowe's Home Centers, Inc., Connecticut State Wildlife Grants, the Connecticut Endangered Species/Wildlife Income Tax Check-off Fund, the University of Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative, and the University of Maine Department of Wildlife Ecology. We thank Ian Broadwater for serving as a liaison between Lowe's Home Centers, Inc. and the University of Maine. The use of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is Maine Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station publication #3354. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 26 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AR2FC UT WOS:000343398000009 ER PT J AU Augyte, S Pickart, A AF Augyte, Simona Pickart, Andrea TI Algal Response to Removal of the Invasive Cordgrass Spartina densiflora in a Salt Marsh at Humboldt Bay, California, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE algae; functional groups; invasive species; salt marsh; Spartina densiflora; succession ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; BENTHIC ALGAL; PLANTS; MASSACHUSETTS; COMMUNITIES; MECHANISMS AB There are few published studies examining the effects of invasive vascular plants on co-occurring nonvascular species, despite the fact that photoautotrophic algae and cyanobacteria exist at the base of the marine food web. This study tested whether the removal of the invasive dense-flowered cordgrass (Spartina densiflora Brogn.) resulted in an increase in biomass of micro- and macroalgae in a salt marsh located in northern California. The site was sampled over a two-year time period, and percent cover of benthic algae was measured using a point-intercept technique in treated and control areas. Treatment consisted of selective mechanical removal of S. densiflora. The functional groups green filamentous and green sheet algae as well as diatoms and cyanobacteria were found. Growth peaks in algal biomass were significantly lower in the control compared to the treated areas. In addition, successional trends were observed in treated plots; green filamentous algae and diatoms were first to colonize, followed by cyanobacteria during the second year's growth. Our results suggest that the presence of S. densiflora lowers both algal biomass and functional group diversity in an invaded salt marsh, with implications for resulting trophic cascades. C1 [Augyte, Simona] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Pickart, Andrea] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Augyte, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 75 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM simona.augyte@uconn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Frank J. Shaughnessy for advice on the study design, Bethany Baibak for assistance in the field, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding this study. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 325 EP 331 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AQ5VE UT WOS:000342875900008 ER PT J AU Williamson, TN Lee, BD Schoeneberger, PJ McCauley, WM Indorante, SJ Owens, PR AF Williamson, T. N. Lee, B. D. Schoeneberger, P. J. McCauley, W. M. Indorante, S. J. Owens, P. R. TI Simulating Soil-Water Movement through Loess-Veneered Landscapes Using Nonconsilient Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Measurements SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION; HYDROLOGY; MOISTURE; DEPTH; MODEL AB Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) data are available for the entire United States, so are incorporated in many regional and national models of hydrology and environmental management. However, SSURGO does not provide an understanding of spatial variability and only includes saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) values estimated from particle size analysis (PSA). This study showed model sensitivity to the substitution of SSURGO data with locally described soil properties or alternate methods of measuring K-sat. Incorporation of these different soil data sets significantly changed the results of hydrologic modeling as a consequence of the amount of space available to store soil water and how this soil water is moved downslope. Locally described soil profiles indicated a difference in K-sat when measured in the field vs. being estimated from PSA. This, in turn, caused a difference in which soil layers were incorporated in the hydrologic simulations using TOPMODEL, ultimately affecting how soil water storage was simulated. Simulations of free-flowing soil water, the amount of water traveling through pores too large to retain water against gravity, were compared with field observations of water in wells at five slope positions along a catena. Comparison of the simulated data with the observed data showed that the ability to model the range of conditions observed in the field varied as a function of three soil data sets (SSURGO and local field descriptions using PSA-derived K-sat or field-measured K-sat) and that comparison of absolute values of soil water storage are not valid if different characterizations of soil properties are used. C1 [Williamson, T. N.] USGS, Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. [Lee, B. D.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Schoeneberger, P. J.] NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68505 USA. [McCauley, W. M.] NRCS, OWN Soil Survey Off 6, Owensboro, KY 42303 USA. [Indorante, S. J.] NRCS, CAR Soil Survey Off 11, Carbondale, IL 62903 USA. [Owens, P. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williamson, TN (reprint author), USGS, Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM tnwillia@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1320 EP 1331 DI 10.2136/sssaj2014.01.0045 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AQ9IF UT WOS:000343163800019 ER PT J AU Sherwood, CR Long, JW Dickhudt, PJ Dalyander, PS Thompson, DM Plant, NG AF Sherwood, Christopher R. Long, Joseph W. Dickhudt, Patrick J. Dalyander, P. Soupy Thompson, David M. Plant, Nathaniel G. TI Inundation of a barrier island (Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA) during a hurricane: Observed water-level gradients and modeled seaward sand transport SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MORPHOLOGICAL-BEHAVIOR MODEL; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; STORM-SURGE; GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS; MORPHODYNAMIC MODEL; COASTAL OVERWASH; TIDAL INLETS; NEW-JERSEY; WAVE AB Large geomorphic changes to barrier islands may occur during inundation, when storm surge exceeds island elevation. Inundation occurs episodically and under energetic conditions that make quantitative observations difficult. We measured water levels on both sides of a barrier island in the northern Chandeleur Islands during inundation by Hurricane Isaac. Wind patterns caused the water levels to slope from the bay side to the ocean side for much of the storm. Modeled geomorphic changes during the storm were very sensitive to the cross-island slopes imposed by water-level boundary conditions. Simulations with equal or landward sloping water levels produced the characteristic barrier island storm response of overwash deposits or displaced berms with smoother final topography. Simulations using the observed seaward sloping water levels produced cross-barrier channels and deposits of sand on the ocean side, consistent with poststorm observations. This sensitivity indicates that accurate water-level boundary conditions must be applied on both sides of a barrier to correctly represent the geomorphic response to inundation events. More broadly, the consequence of seaward transport is that it alters the relationship between storm intensity and volume of landward transport. Sand transported to the ocean side may move downdrift, or aid poststorm recovery by moving onto the beach face or closing recent breaches, but it does not contribute to island transgression or appear as an overwash deposit in the back-barrier stratigraphic record. The high vulnerability of the Chandeleur Islands allowed us to observe processes that are infrequent but may be important at other barrier islands. C1 [Sherwood, Christopher R.; Dickhudt, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Long, Joseph W.; Dalyander, P. Soupy; Thompson, David M.; Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Sherwood, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM csherwood@usgs.gov OI Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 101 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 1498 EP 1515 DI 10.1002/2013JF003069 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ1BE UT WOS:000342515600004 ER PT J AU Schulz, WH Wang, GH AF Schulz, William H. Wang, Gonghui TI Residual shear strength variability as a primary control on movement of landslides reactivated by earthquake-induced ground motion: Implications for coastal Oregon, US SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED DEFORMATIONS; SEISMIC RESPONSE; COHESIVE SOILS; CALIFORNIA; SLOPES; MODEL; JAPAN; PREFECTURE AB Most large seismogenic landslides are reactivations of preexisting landslides with basal shear zones in the residual strength condition. Residual shear strength often varies during rapid displacement, but the response of residual shear zones to seismic loading is largely unknown. We used a ring shear apparatus to perform simulated seismic loading tests, constant displacement rate tests, and tests during which shear stress was gradually varied on specimens from two landslides to improve understanding of coseismic landslide reactivation and to identify shear strength models valid for slow gravitational failure through rapid coseismic failure. The landslides we studied represent many along the Oregon, U. S., coast. Seismic loading tests resulted in (1) catastrophic failure involving unbounded displacement when stresses represented those for the existing landslides and (2) limited to unbounded displacement when stresses represented those for hypothetical dormant landslides, suggesting that coseismic landslide reactivation may be significant during future great earthquakes occurring near the Oregon Coast. Constant displacement rate tests indicated that shear strength decreased exponentially during the first few decimeters of displacement but increased logarithmically with increasing displacement rate when sheared at 0.001 cm s(-1) or greater. Dynamic shear resistance estimated from shear strength models correlated well with stresses observed during seismic loading tests, indicating that displacement rate and amount primarily controlled failure characteristics. We developed a stress-based approach to estimate coseismic landslide displacement that utilizes the variable shear strength model. The approach produced results that compared favorably to observations made during seismic loading tests, indicating its utility for application to landslides. C1 [Schulz, William H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. RP Schulz, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wschulz@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University [23L-02] FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program and a grant from the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (23L-02) to W. Schulz. We are grateful to the following people and organizations for their assistance during this study: Sarah Galloway, Bernard Kleutsch, Joshua Theule, Fanyu Zhang, Jerry Higgins, William Ellis, Rex Baum, David Kibler, Ed Duffy, Katie Castelli, George Priest, Jonathan Allan, Brad Rickard, Alan Niem, Wendy Niem, Claude Crocker, and JR Collier. The Oregon Department of Transportation provided background information on the Carmel Knoll and Johnson Creek landslides, drilling services and monitoring equipment at Johnson Creek, and access to both of these landslides and previously installed monitoring equipment. The Oregon Parks & Recreation Department provided access to the similar Devils Punchbowl landslide. We thank the Kyoshin Network (K-NET) for providing seismograms and Brian Collins, Alexander Densmore, and two anonymous reviewers for providing suggestions that improved this manuscript. Data used during this study may be obtained by request to the senior author. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 1617 EP 1635 DI 10.1002/2014JF003088 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ1BE UT WOS:000342515600010 ER PT J AU Green, CT Zhang, Y Jurgens, BC Starn, JJ Landon, MK AF Green, Christopher T. Zhang, Yong Jurgens, Bryant C. Starn, J. Jeffrey Landon, Matthew K. TI Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NON-FICKIAN TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; ALLUVIAL SETTINGS; PARTICLE-TRACKING; SOLUTE TRANSPORT AB Analytical models of the travel time distribution (TTD) from a source area to a sample location are often used to estimate groundwater ages and solute concentration trends. The accuracies of these models are not well known for geologically complex aquifers. In this study, synthetic data sets were used to quantify the accuracy of four analytical TTD models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, model selection, and tracer selection. Synthetic TTDs and tracer data were generated from existing numerical models with complex hydrofacies distributions for 1 public-supply well and 14 monitoring wells in the Central Valley, California. Analytical TTD models were calibrated to synthetic tracer data, and prediction errors were determined for estimates of TTDs and conservative tracer (NO3-) concentrations. Analytical models included a new, scale-dependent dispersivity model (SDM) for two-dimensional transport from the water table to a well and three other established analytical models. The relative influence of the error sources (TTD complexity, observation error, model selection, and tracer selection) depended on the type of prediction. Geological complexity gave rise to complex TTDs in monitoring wells that strongly affected errors of the estimated TTDs. However, prediction errors for NO3- and median age depended more on tracer concentration errors. The SDM tended to give the most accurate estimates of the vertical velocity and other predictions, although TTD model selection had minor effects overall. Adding tracers improved predictions if the new tracers had different input histories. Studies using TTD models should focus on the factors that most strongly affect the desired predictions. C1 [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zhang, Yong] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Jurgens, Bryant C.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Starn, J. Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT USA. [Landon, Matthew K.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. RP Green, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ctgreen@usgs.gov OI Starn, Jon/0000-0001-5909-0010 FU USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program; USGS National Research Program; National Science Foundation [DMS-1025417] FX Funding was provided by USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program and National Research Program and by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-1025417. We thank Gene-Hua "Crystal" Ng, J. K. Bohlke, the anonymous reviewers, and the editors of Water Resources Research for their helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. NR 92 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 7 BP 6191 EP 6213 DI 10.1002/2014WR015625 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AQ2QG UT WOS:000342632000047 ER PT J AU Cecil, CB DiMichele, WA Elrick, SD AF Cecil, C. Blaine DiMichele, William A. Elrick, Scott D. TI Middle and Late Pennsylvanian cyclothems, American Midcontinent: Ice-age environmental changes and terrestrial biotic dynamics SO COMPTES RENDUS GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Climate; Coal; Cyclothem; Paleoecology; Pennsylvanian ID CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; PALEOCLIMATE CONTROLS; PERMIAN PALEOBOTANY; TROPICAL LOWLANDS; GEOLOGICAL TIME; ILLINOIS BASIN; GLACIAL PHASES; PEAT FORMATION AB The Pennsylvanian portion of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age was characterized by stratigraphic repetition of chemical and siliciclastic rocks in the equatorial regions of the Pangean interior. Known as "cyclothems", these stratigraphic successions are a 10(5) yr-record of glacial waxing and waning, superimposed on longer term, 10(6) yr intervals of global warming and cooling and a still longer term trend of increasing equatorial aridity. During periods of maximum ice-minimum sea level, the interior craton was widely exposed. Epicontinental landscapes were initially subjected to dry subhumid climate when first exposed, as sea level fell, but transitioned to humid climates and widespread wetlands during maximum lowstands. During interglacials (ice-minima) seasonally dry vegetation predominated. The wetland and seasonally dry biomes were compositionally distinct and had different ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Academie des sciences. C1 [Cecil, C. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Rockbridge Baths, VA 24473 USA. [Cecil, C. Blaine; DiMichele, William A.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Elrick, Scott D.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP DiMichele, WA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Paleobiol, MRC-121, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dimichel@si.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution; State of Illinois FX We thank Sylvie Bourquin for the invitation to submit this paper. Research supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Smithsonian Institution, and State of Illinois. We thank many colleagues for sharing their ideas and expertise. NR 107 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0713 EI 1778-7025 J9 CR GEOSCI JI C. R. Geosci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 346 IS 7-8 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.crte.2014.03.008 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ1FF UT WOS:000342526600001 ER PT J AU Milillo, P Fielding, EJ Shulz, WH Delbridge, B Burgmann, R AF Milillo, Pietro Fielding, Eric J. Shulz, William H. Delbridge, Brent Buergmann, Roland TI COSMO-SkyMed Spotlight Interferometry Over Rural Areas: The Slumgullion Landslide in Colorado, USA SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE COSMO-SkyMed (CSK); landslide; SAR interferometry (InSAR); spotlight interferometry ID CONTINUOUSLY MOVING LANDSLIDE; MOVEMENT; MOTION; SYSTEM; INSAR AB In the last 7 years, spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with resolution of better than a meter acquired by satellites in spotlight mode offered an unprecedented improvement in SAR interferometry (InSAR). Most attention has been focused on monitoring urban areas and man-made infrastructure exploiting geometric accuracy, stability, and phase fidelity of the spotlight mode. In this paper, we explore the potential application of the COSMO-SkyMed (R) Spotlight mode to rural areas where decorrelation is substantial and rapidly increases with time. We focus on the rapid repeat times of as short as one day possible with the COSMO-SkyMed (R) constellation. We further present a qualitative analysis of spotlight interferometry over the Slumgullion landslide in southwest Colorado, whichmoves at rates of more than 1 cm/day. C1 [Milillo, Pietro] Univ Basilicata, Sch Engn, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Fielding, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Shulz, William H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Delbridge, Brent; Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Milillo, P (reprint author), Univ Basilicata, Sch Engn, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. EM pietro.milillo@unibas.it RI Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; OI Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Milillo, Pietro/0000-0002-1171-3976 FU CSK AO PI [2237]; NASA FX Manuscript received December 19, 2013; revised July 28, 2014; accepted August 01, 2014. Date of current version August 21, 2014. Original COSMO-SkyMed data are copyright 2010-2013 by the Italian Space Agency and was provided under CSK AO PI project 2237 and under the JPL-ASI CIDOT Dynamic Processes project. This work was supported in part by the NASA Earth Surface and Interior focus area and performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. The work of P. Milillo was done while he was a Visiting Student Researcher at Caltech. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 7 IS 7 SI SI BP 2919 EP 2926 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2345664 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7YK UT WOS:000341568700021 ER PT J AU Maurer, EP Brekke, L Pruitt, T Thrasher, B Long, J Duffy, P Dettinger, M Cayan, D Arnold, J AF Maurer, E. P. Brekke, L. Pruitt, T. Thrasher, B. Long, J. Duffy, P. Dettinger, M. Cayan, D. Arnold, J. TI AN ENHANCED ARCHIVE FACILITATING CLIMATE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION ANALYSIS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHANGE SCENARIOS; CALIFORNIA; FUTURE; PRECIPITATION; INFORMATION; SENSITIVITY; MODELS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; PROJECTIONS AB We describe the expansion of a publicly available archive of downscaled climate and hydrology projections for the United States. Those studying or planning to adapt to future climate impacts demand downscaled climate model output for local or regional use. The archive we describe attempts to fulfill this need by providing data in several formats, selectable to meet user needs. Our archive has served as a resource for climate impacts modelers, water managers, educators, and others. Over 1,400 individuals have transferred more than 50 TB of data from the archive. In response to user demands, the archive has expanded from monthly downscaled data to include daily data to facilitate investigations of phenomena sensitive to daily to monthly temperature and precipitation, including extremes in these quantities. New developments include downscaled output from the new Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) climate model simulations at both the monthly and daily time scales, as well as simulations of surface hydrological variables. The web interface allows the extraction of individual projections or ensemble statistics for user-defined regions, promoting the rapid assessment of model consensus and uncertainty for future projections of precipitation, temperature, and hydrology. The archive is accessible online (http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip_projections). C1 [Maurer, E. P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Brekke, L.; Pruitt, T.] US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr 86 68520, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thrasher, B.] Climate Analyt Grp, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Thrasher, B.] Climate Cent, Princeton, NJ USA. [Long, J.; Duffy, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Dettinger, M.; Cayan, D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, M.; Cayan, D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Arnold, J.] US Army Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Maurer, EP (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM emaurer@engr.scu.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Thrasher, Bridget/0000-0002-3961-1971 FU Bureau of Reclamation's Science and Technology Program; WaterSMART grants; California Energy Commission (CEC); U.S. Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Science Center FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Portions of the archive dataset were produced using computational facilities of the NASA Earth Exchange (www.nex.nasa.gov). This work was supported by the Bureau of Reclamation's Science and Technology Program (data service development) and by WaterSMART grants to develop Climate Data Analysis Tools. Support was also provided by the California Energy Commission (CEC)-funded California Climate Change Center under the CEC PIER Program and by the U.S. Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Science Center. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1011 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00126.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO0ED UT WOS:000340981000010 ER PT J AU Breves, JP McCormick, SD Karlstrom, RO AF Breves, Jason P. McCormick, Stephen D. Karlstrom, Rolf O. TI Prolactin and teleost ionocytes: New insights into cellular and molecular targets of prolactin in vertebrate epithelia SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Osmoregulation; Gill; Differentiation; Pituitary; NCC; Zebrafish ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; MITOCHONDRION-RICH CELLS; NA+-K+-ATPASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; SLC26 ANION TRANSPORTERS; GROWTH-HORMONE FAMILY; GILL CHLORIDE CELLS; ATLANTIC SALMON AB The peptide hormone prolactin is a functionally versatile hormone produced by the vertebrate pituitary. Comparative studies over the last six decades have revealed that a conserved function for prolactin across vertebrates is the regulation of ion and water transport in a variety of tissues including those responsible for whole-organism ion homeostasis. In teleost fishes, prolactin was identified as the "freshwater-adapting hormone", promoting ion-conserving and water-secreting processes by acting on the gill, kidney, gut and urinary bladder. In mammals, prolactin is known to regulate renal, intestinal, mammary and amniotic epithelia, with dysfunction linked to hypogonadism, infertility, and metabolic disorders. Until recently, our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of prolactin action in fishes has been hampered by a paucity of molecular tools to define and study ionocytes, specialized cells that control active ion transport across branchial and epidermal epithelia. Here we review work in teleost models indicating that prolactin regulates ion balance through action on ion transporters, tight-junction proteins, and water channels in ionocytes, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of ionocyte function in the genetically and embryonically accessible zebrafish (Danio rerio). Given the high degree of evolutionary conservation in endocrine and osmoregulatory systems, these studies in teleost models are contributing novel mechanistic insight into how prolactin participates in the development, function, and dysfunction of osmoregulatory systems across the vertebrate lineage. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Breves, Jason P.; McCormick, Stephen D.; Karlstrom, Rolf O.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Breves, Jason P.; McCormick, Stephen D.; Karlstrom, Rolf O.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Neuroendocrine Studies, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Breves, JP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM breves@bio.umass.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [T32-MH020051]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [F32-DK095575]; NIH [NS039994] FX This work was supported by training grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (T32-MH020051) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (F32-DK095575) to J.P.B and NIH NS039994 to R.O.K. We appreciate the invaluable laboratory support and encouragement of Ms. Meng-Chieh Shen. NR 140 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 203 SI SI BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.12.014 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AO1LJ UT WOS:000341073300004 PM 24434597 ER PT J AU Richter, CA Martyniuk, CJ Annis, ML Brumbaugh, WG Chasar, LC Denslow, ND Tillitt, DE AF Richter, Catherine A. Martyniuk, Christopher J. Annis, Mandy L. Brumbaugh, William G. Chasar, Lia C. Denslow, Nancy D. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Methylmercury-induced changes in gene transcription associated with neuroendocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Sub-network enrichment analysis; Transcriptomics; Neurotoxicity; Neuroendocrine disruption; Movement disorders; Fish ID CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; FRESH-WATER FISH; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MERCURY; EXPRESSION; CEREBELLUM; MICROARRAY; BIOMARKERS AB Methyl-mercury (MeHg) is a potent neuroendocrine disruptor that impairs reproductive processes in fish. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize transcriptomic changes induced by MeHg exposure in the female largemouth bass (LMB) hypothalamus under controlled laboratory conditions, (2) investigate the health and reproductive impacts of MeHg exposure on male and female largemouth bass (LMB) in the natural environment, and (3) identify MeHg-associated gene expression patterns in whole brain of female LMB from MeHg-contaminated habitats. The laboratory experiment was a single injection of 2.5 mu g MeHg/g body weight for 96 h exposure. The field survey compared river systems in Florida, USA with comparably lower concentrations of MeHg (Wekiva, Santa Fe, and St. Johns Rivers) in fish and one river system with LMB that contained elevated concentrations of MeHg (St. Marys River). Microarray analysis was used to quantify transcriptomic responses to MeHg exposure. Although fish at the high-MeHg site did not show overt health or reproductive impairment, there were MeHg-responsive genes and pathways identified in the laboratory study that were also altered in fish from the high-MeHg site relative to fish at the low-MeHg sites. Gene network analysis suggested that MeHg regulated the expression targets of neuropeptide receptor and steroid signaling, as well as structural components of the cell. Disease-associated gene networks related to MeHg exposure, based upon expression data, included cerebellum ataxia, movement disorders, and hypercalcemia. Gene responses in the CNS are consistent with the documented neurotoxicological and neuroendocrine disrupting effects of MeHg in vertebrates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Richter, Catherine A.; Annis, Mandy L.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Tillitt, Donald E.] Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Martyniuk, Christopher J.; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Martyniuk, Christopher J.; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chasar, Lia C.] Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM CRichter@usgs.gov OI Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU National Institutes of Health [K99 ES016767-01A1]; Contaminants Biology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program FX We thank Kevin Kroll, University of Florida; Terry Petrosky, Georgia-Florida Basin NAWQA; Rod DeWeese, USGS, Denver; Steve Goodbred, USGS, Sacramento; the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, including Jerry Krummich and staff, North Central Regional, Ted Lange and Bethany Sargent, Eustis Fisheries Laboratory, and Sam McKinney and staff, Northeast Regional Office; and Joey Swaters, Tom May, Vanessa Velez, Jeff Caton, Rachel Claunch, Diane Nicks, Elizabeth Biro, Jo Ellen Hinck, and Dina Boyt, USGS-CERC. This research was funded in part by a National Institutes of Health Pathway to Independence Award granted to CJM (K99 ES016767-01A1) and by the Contaminants Biology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, in support of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 203 SI SI BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.029 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AO1LJ UT WOS:000341073300024 PM 24694518 ER PT J AU Chamberlain, CJ Shelly, DR Townend, J Stern, TA AF Chamberlain, Calum J. Shelly, David R. Townend, John Stern, Tim A. TI Low-frequency earthquakes reveal punctuated slow slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PLATE-BOUNDARY ZONE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; CENTRAL SOUTHERN ALPS; VOLCANIC TREMOR; TECTONIC TREMOR; EPISODIC TREMOR; SEISMIC-HAZARD; PACIFIC PLATE; OBLIQUE-SLIP AB We present the first evidence of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) associated with the deep extension of the transpressional Alpine Fault beneath the central Southern Alps of New Zealand. Our database comprises a temporally continuous 36 month-long catalog of 8760 LFEs within 14 families. To generate this catalog, we first identify 14 primary template LFEs within known periods of seismic tremor and use these templates to detect similar events in an iterative stacking and cross-correlation routine. The hypocentres of 12 of the 14 LFE families lie within 10 km of the inferred location of the Alpine Fault at depths of approximately 20-30 km, in a zone of high P-wave attenuation, low P-wave speeds, and high seismic reflectivity. The LFE catalog consists of persistent, discrete events punctuated by swarm-like bursts of activity associated with previously and newly identified tremor periods. The magnitudes of the LFEs range between M-L - 0.8 and M-L 1.8, with an average of M-L 0.5. We find that the frequency-magnitude distribution of the LFE catalog both as a whole and within individual families is not consistent with a power law, but that individual families' frequency-amplitude distributions approximate an exponential relationship, suggestive of a characteristic length-scale of failure. We interpret this LFE activity to represent quasi-continuous slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, with LFEs highlighting asperities within an otherwise steadily creeping region of the fault. C1 [Chamberlain, Calum J.; Townend, John; Stern, Tim A.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chamberlain, CJ (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. EM calum.chamberlain@vuw.ac.nz RI Townend, John/B-5923-2012; OI Townend, John/0000-0002-7017-620X; Chamberlain, Calum John/0000-0003-2317-2609 FU Victoria University of Wellington; Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand; Fulbright New Zealand; Stanford University FX We are grateful to Carolin Boese and Aaron Wech for ongoing guidance relating to this work, and for permission to use their results. We thank Euan Smith and Katrina Jacobs for stimulating discussions, and Roland Burgmann and one anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. C. Chamberlain is supported by Victoria University of Wellington. This work was funded by the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand. J. Townend acknowledges the support of Fulbright New Zealand and Stanford University during this project. NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 15 IS 7 BP 2984 EP 2999 DI 10.1002/2014GC005436 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AN4KT UT WOS:000340557300016 ER PT J AU Sageman, BB Singer, BS Meyers, SR Siewert, SE Walaszczyk, I Condon, DJ Jicha, BR Obradovich, JD Sawyer, DA AF Sageman, Bradley B. Singer, Brad S. Meyers, Stephen R. Siewert, Sarah E. Walaszczyk, Ireneusz Condon, Daniel J. Jicha, Brian R. Obradovich, John D. Sawyer, David A. TI Integrating Ar-40/Ar-39, U-Pb, and astronomical clocks in the Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, Western Interior Basin, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN BOUNDARY; FISH CANYON SANIDINE; GREEN RIVER FORMATION; K-40 DECAY CONSTANTS; TIME-SCALE; JOINT DETERMINATION; IMPROVED ACCURACY; HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; UPPER CONIACIAN; UNITED-STATES AB This study revises and improves the chronostratigraphic framework for late Turonian through early Campanian time based on work in the Western Interior U. S. and introduces new methods to better quantify uncertainties associated with the development of such time scales. Building on the unique attributes of the Western Interior Basin, which contains abundant volcanic ash beds and rhythmic strata interpreted to record orbital cycles, we integrate new radioisotopic data of improved accuracy with a recently published astrochronologic framework for the Niobrara Formation. New Ar-40/Ar-39 laser fusion ages corresponding to eight different ammonite biozones are determined by analysis of legacy samples, as well as newly collected material. These results are complemented by new U-Pb (zircon) chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry ages from four biozones in the study interval. When combined with published radioisotopic data from the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, paired Pb-206/U-238 and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages spanning Cenomanian to Campanian time support an astronomically calibrated Fish Canyon sanidine standard age of 28.201 Ma. Stage boundary ages are estimated via integration of new radioisotopic data with the floating astrochronology for the Niobrara Formation. The ages are determined by anchoring the long eccentricity bandpass from spectral analysis of the Niobrara Formation to radioisotopic ages with the lowest uncertainty proximal to the boundary, and adding or subtracting time by parsing the 405 k.y. cycles. The new stage boundary age determinations are: 89.75 +/- 0.38 Ma for the Turonian-Coniacian, 86.49 +/- 0.44 Ma for the Coniacian-Santonian, and 84.19 +/- 0.38 Ma for the Santonian-Campanian boundary. The 2 sigma uncertainties for these estimates include systematic contributions from the radio isotopic measurements, astrochronologic methods, and geologic uncertainties (related to stratigraphic correlation and the presence of hiatuses). The latter geologic uncertainties have not been directly addressed in prior time scale studies and their determination was made possible by critical biostratigraphic observations. Each methodological approach employed in this study-new radio isotopic analysis, stratigraphic correlation, astrochronology, and ammonite and inoceramid biostratigraphy-was critical for achieving the final result. C1 [Sageman, Bradley B.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Singer, Brad S.; Meyers, Stephen R.; Siewert, Sarah E.; Jicha, Brian R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Siewert, Sarah E.] British Petr Co PLC, Houston, TX 77079 USA. [Walaszczyk, Ireneusz] Univ Warsaw, Fac Geol, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. [Condon, Daniel J.] British Geol Survey, NERC, Isotope Geosci Lab, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Obradovich, John D.; Sawyer, David A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Sageman, BB (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM brad@earth.northwestern.edu RI Singer, Bradley/F-4991-2012; Condon, Daniel/A-4249-2008 OI Singer, Bradley/0000-0003-3595-5168; Condon, Daniel/0000-0002-9082-3283 FU BP Research Assistantship; University of Wisconsin-Madison Graduate School Vilas Associate award; NSF [EAR-0959108]; NIGFSC award [IP/1011/1107]; Shell undergraduate research award FX This paper comprises, in part, the Master of Science thesis research of Sarah Siewert at University of Wisconsin-Madison. We would like to thank Nicola Atkinson for assistance with U-Pb analyses and Dylan Loss, Dylan Colon, Alexandra Macho, and Kim Hoxie for their help during sample preparation. Kevin McKinney, Bill Cobban, and Al Merewether of the USGS in Denver were instrumental in helping to locate ash bed outcrops for sampling and provided guidance about the position of ash beds within ammonite zones. The research was financially supported by a BP Research Assistantship and Shell undergraduate research award to Siewert, a University of Wisconsin-Madison Graduate School Vilas Associate award to Singer, and NSF grant EAR-0959108 (Singer, Meyers, and Sageman) and NIGFSC award IP/1011/1107 (Condon). Dr. E. "Gus" Gustason is thanked for facilitating the gift of the Libsack core from Encana Inc. to Northwestern University. NR 82 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 126 IS 7-8 BP 956 EP 973 DI 10.1130/B30929.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO2YI UT WOS:000341193900005 ER PT J AU Tull, J Holm-Denoma, CS Barineau, CI AF Tull, James Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. Barineau, Clinton I. TI Early to Middle Ordovician back-arc basin in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge: Characteristics, extent, and tectonic significance SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BOUND SULFIDE DEPOSITS; WESTERN NEW-ENGLAND; INNER PIEDMONT; TRACE-ELEMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; TACONIAN OROGENY; CLASTIC WEDGE; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; LAURENTIAN MARGIN; CONTINENTAL-CRUST AB Fault-dismembered segments of a distinctive, extensive, highly allochthonous, and tectonically significant Ordovician (ca. 480-460 Ma) basin, which contains suites of bimodal metavolcanic rocks, associated base metal deposits, and thick immature deep-water (turbiditic) metasediments, occur in parts of the southern Appalachian Talladega belt, eastern Blue Ridge, and Inner Piedmont of Alabama, Georgia, and North and South Carolina. The basin's predominantly metasedimentary strata display geochemical and isotopic evidence of a mixed provenance, including an adjacent active volcanic arc and a provenance of mica (clay)-rich sedimentary and felsic plutonic rocks consistent with Laurentian (Grenvillian) upper-crustal continental rocks and their passive-margin cover sequences. Geochemical characteristics of the subordinate intercalated bimodal meta volcanic rocks indicate formation in a supra subduction environment, most likely a back-arc basin, whereas characteristics of metasedimentary units suggest deposition above Neoproterozoic rift and outer-margin lower Paleozoic slope and rise sediments within a marginal basin along Ordovician Laurentia's Iapetus margin. This tectonic setting indicates that southernmost Appalachian Ordovician orogenesis (Taconic orogeny) began as an extensional accretionary orogen along the outer margin of Laurentia, rather than in an exotic (non-Laurentian) arc collisional setting. B-type subduction polarity requires that the associated arc-trench system formed southeast of the palinspastic position of the back-arc basin. This scenario can explain several unique features of the southern Appalachian Taconic orogen, including: the palinspastic geographic ordering of key tectonic elements (i.e., back-arc, arc, etc.), and a lack of (1) an obducted arc sensu stricto on the Laurentian margin, (2) widespread Ordovician regional metamorphism, and (3) Taconic klippen to supply detritus to the Taconic foreland basin. C1 [Tull, James] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Holm-Denoma, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Cent Minerals & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Barineau, Clinton I.] Columbus State Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. RP Tull, J (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jtull@fsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0309284, EAR-1220540]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Cooperative Mapping Program [01HQAG0160, 02HQAG0100, 03HQAG0100, 04HQAG093, 05HQAG0107, 07HQAG0139, G12AC20240, G11AC20184]; USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship FX Research related to this study has been supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0309284 to J.F. Tull, and EAR-1220540 to C. I. Barineau), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Cooperative Mapping Program (assistance awards 01HQAG0160, 02HQAG0100, 03HQAG0100, 04HQAG093, 05HQAG0107, 07HQAG0139, and G12AC20240 to J.F. Tull, and G11AC20184 to C. I. Barineau), and the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship awarded to C. S. Holm-Denoma. Jaime Azain (USGS) is thanked for her help with geochemical analyses. Jorge Vazquez is thanked for his help at the USGS-Stanford sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) laboratory. Scott Southworth, Jerry Bartholomew, and Robert D. Hatcher Jr. provided very helpful reviews, which served to considerably improve the final manuscript. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the under standing that the U. S. government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental use. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. government. NR 181 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 19 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 126 IS 7-8 BP 990 EP 1015 DI 10.1130/B30967.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO2YI UT WOS:000341193900007 ER PT J AU Zeug, SC Sellheim, K Watry, C Rook, B Hannon, J Zimmerman, J Cox, D Merz, J AF Zeug, S. C. Sellheim, K. Watry, C. Rook, B. Hannon, J. Zimmerman, J. Cox, D. Merz, J. TI GRAVEL AUGMENTATION INCREASES SPAWNING UTILIZATION BY ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS: A CASE STUDY FROM CALIFORNIA, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; steelhead; spawning habitat; river enhancement; complexity; substrate size ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; EGG BURIAL DEPTHS; HABITAT REHABILITATION; STREAM RESTORATION; PACIFIC SALMON; RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS; SURVIVAL; TROUT; SELECTION AB Anadromous salmonid diversity and abundance worldwide have been adversely impacted by anthropogenic forces, and millions of dollars are spent each year on stream habitat restoration and enhancement. However, there is a paucity of data comparing site use by salmonids before and after enhancement implementation, and few studies examine the specific environmental conditions that determine whether salmonids utilize an enhanced site. This study examines the use of gravel augmentation to improve spawning site utilization by Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the Lower American River, California, USA. Spawning increased across all augmentation sites for both species, although there were species-specific and year-specific differences in the degree to which a site was utilized and in the spatial distribution of redds in relation to substrate size, habitat features and other redds. There were also differences in redd architecture across sites that were related to differences in gravel size. This study illustrates that gravel augmentation projects can enhance spawning habitat for salmonids where spawning beds have degraded but that species-specific and site-specific attributes and gravel size can influence the relative effectiveness of a project. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zeug, S. C.; Sellheim, K.; Watry, C.; Rook, B.; Merz, J.] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, CA 95602 USA. [Hannon, J.] US Bur Reclamat, Bay Delta Off, Sacramento, CA USA. [Zimmerman, J.; Cox, D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Zeug, SC (reprint author), Cramer Fish Sci, 13300 New Airport Rd, Auburn, CA 95602 USA. EM stevez@fishsciences.net FU US Bureau of Reclamation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Sacramento Water Forum [2010-1049] FX This research was supported and funded by the US Bureau of Reclamation, US Fish and Wildlife Service and Sacramento Water Forum (contract number 2010-1049). We thank B. Beckett, J. Siegel and C. Pocoroba for data collection and entry. We also thank J. Melgo for assistance with ArcGIS analysis. American Aerial Surveys performed aerial surveys of Chinook salmon redds. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 707 EP 718 DI 10.1002/rra.2680 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AN4YX UT WOS:000340597100003 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Vokoun, JC Letcher, BH AF Kanno, Y. Vokoun, J. C. Letcher, B. H. TI PAIRED STREAM-AIR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS REVEAL FINE-SCALE THERMAL HETEROGENEITY WITHIN HEADWATER BROOK TROUT STREAM NETWORKS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; fish conservation; groundwater; Salmonidae; stream discharge; water temperature ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; WATER TEMPERATURES; NATIVE RANGE; GROUNDWATER; FISH; HABITAT; SENSITIVITY; POPULATION AB Previous studies of climate change impacts on stream fish distributions commonly project the potential patterns of habitat loss and fragmentation due to elevated stream temperatures at a broad spatial scale (e. g. across regions or an entire species range). However, these studies may overlook potential heterogeneity in climate change vulnerability within local stream networks. We examined fine-scale stream temperature patterns in two headwater brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis stream networks (7.7 and 4.4 km) in Connecticut, USA, by placing a combined total of 36 pairs of stream and air temperature loggers that were approximately 300m apart from each other. Data were collected hourly from March to October 2010. The summer of 2010 was hot (the second hottest on record) and had well below average precipitation, but stream temperature was comparable with those of previous 2 years because streamflow was dominated by groundwater during base-flow conditions. Nonlinear regression models revealed stream temperature variation within local stream networks, particularly during warmest hours of the day (i. e. late afternoon to evening) during summer. Thermal variability was primarily observed between stream segments, versus within a stream segment (i. e. from confluence to confluence). Several cold tributaries were identified in which stream temperature was much less responsive to air temperature. Our findings suggested that regional models of stream temperature would not fully capture thermal variation at the local scale and may misrepresent thermal resilience of stream networks. Groundwater appeared to play a major role in creating the fine-scale spatial thermal variation, and characterizing this thermal variation is needed for assessing climate change impacts on headwater species accurately. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kanno, Y.; Vokoun, J. C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT USA. [Kanno, Y.; Letcher, B. H.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM ykanno@eco.umass.edu FU Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection through State and Tribal Wildlife Grants Program; Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station through Hatch Act; Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust FX This research was financially supported by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection through the State and Tribal Wildlife Grants Program, the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station through the Hatch Act and the Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust. We thank Elise Benoit, Mike Davidson, George Maynard and Joe Cassone for their assistance in the field. We are grateful to the Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust, Northwest Conservation District, US Army Corps of Engineers and many landowners for granting or facilitating access to private and restricted properties. Mike Beauchene and Keith Nislow provided constructive comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 745 EP 755 DI 10.1002/rra.2677 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AN4YX UT WOS:000340597100006 ER PT J AU Warren, JM Cutting, KA Takekawa, JY De La Cruz, SE Williams, TD Koons, DN AF Warren, Jeffrey M. Cutting, Kyle A. Takekawa, John Y. De La Cruz, Susan E. Williams, Tony D. Koons, David N. TI Previous success and current body condition determine breeding propensity in Lesser Scaup: evidence for the individual heterogeneity hypothesis SO AUK LA English DT Article DE age; Aythya affinis; breeding probability; Montana; waterfowl ID LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NUTRIENT-RESERVE DYNAMICS; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WANDERING ALBATROSS; NATURAL-SELECTION; FOOD CONDITIONS; EUROPEAN DUCKS; EGG-PRODUCTION AB The decision to breed influences an individual's current and future reproduction, and the proportion of individuals that breed is an important determinant of population dynamics. Age, experience, individual quality, and environmental conditions have all been demonstrated to influence breeding propensity. To elucidate which of these factors exerts the greatest influence on breeding propensity in a temperate waterfowl, we studied female Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) breeding in southwestern Montana. Females were captured during the breeding seasons of 2007-2009, and breeding status was determined on the basis of (1) presence of an egg in the oviduct or (2) blood plasma vitellogenin (VTG) levels. Presence on the study site in the previous year, a proxy for adult female success, was determined with stable isotope signatures of a primary feather collected at capture. Overall, 57% of females had evidence of breeding at the time of capture; this increased to 86% for females captured on or after peak nest initiation. Capture date and size-adjusted body condition positively influenced breeding propensity, with a declining body-condition threshold through the breeding season. We did not detect an influence of age on breeding propensity. Drought conditions negatively affected breeding propensity, reducing the proportion of breeding females to 0.85 (SE = 0.05) from 0.94 (SE = 0.03) during normal-water years. A female that was present in the previous breeding season was 5% more likely to breed than a female that was not present then. The positive correlation between age and experience makes it difficult to differentiate the roles of age, experience, and individual quality in reproductive success in vertebrates. Our results indicate that individual quality, as expressed by previous success and current body condition, may be among the most important determinants of breeding propensity in female Lesser Scaup, providing further support for the individual heterogeneity hypothesis. C1 [Warren, Jeffrey M.; Cutting, Kyle A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lima, MT 59739 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.; Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.; De La Cruz, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA USA. [Williams, Tony D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Warren, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lima, MT 59739 USA. EM jeffrey_warren@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Waterfowl Research Foundation; Delta Waterfowl FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscript was improved by comments from M. Hauber, D. Haukos, and an anonymous reviewer. Financial support was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Waterfowl Research Foundation, and Delta Waterfowl. We thank our technicians, S. Bard, E. Cutting, W. Goldenberg, Y. Karagitcheva, A. Lawson, and E. Palm. We thank the staff of Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge for logistical support. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2014 VL 131 IS 3 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1642/AUK-13-236.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AM9UX UT WOS:000340227600005 ER PT J AU Moser, WE Bowerman, J Hovingh, P Pearl, CA Oceguera-Figueroa, A AF Moser, William E. Bowerman, Jay Hovingh, Peter Pearl, Christopher A. Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro TI New Host and Distribution Records of the Leech Placobdella sophieae Oceguera-Figueroa et al., 2010 (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhynchobdellida; Placobdella picta; Placobdella burresonae; Desserobdella; Batracobdella; Taricha granulosa; Rana pretiosa; Rana aurora; Bufo boreas; Anaxyrus boreas ID REDESCRIPTION; VERRILL AB Placobdella sophieae Oceguera-Figueroa et al., 2010 (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) is reported from Oregon, California, and British Columbia for the first time. New hosts reported for P. sophieae include Taricha granulosa (rough-skinned newt), Rana pretiosa (Oregon spotted frog), and Anaxyrus boreas (western toad). Placobdella sophieae exhibits relatively low host specificity and all amphibians occurring in the Pacific Northwest are potential hosts. C1 [Moser, William E.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Bowerman, Jay] Sunriver Nat Ctr, Sunriver, OR 97707 USA. [Pearl, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Lab Hehnintol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Moser, WE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM moserw@si.edu; frogs1@sunrivematurecenter.org; phovingh@xmission.com; christopher_pearl@usgs.gov; aoceguera@ib.unam.mx NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 EI 1938-2952 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA AM9WC UT WOS:000340230700010 ER PT J AU Palarea-Albaladejo, J Martin-Fernandez, JA Olea, RA AF Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier Antoni Martin-Fernandez, Josep Olea, Ricardo Antonio TI A bootstrap estimation scheme for chemical compositional data with nondetects SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE bootstrap; nondetects; compositional data; log-ratio analysis; imputation ID ROUNDED ZEROS; DATA SETS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; MISSING VALUES; IMPUTATION; TRANSFORMATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; REGRESSION; ALGORITHM; MODEL AB The bootstrap method is commonly used to estimate the distribution of estimators and their associated uncertainty when explicit analytic expressions are not available or are difficult to obtain. It has been widely applied in environmental and geochemical studies, where the data generated often represent parts of whole, typically chemical concentrations. This kind of constrained data is generically called compositional data, and they require specialised statistical methods to properly account for their particular covariance structure. On the other hand, it is not unusual in practice that those data contain labels denoting nondetects, that is, concentrations falling below detection limits. Nondetects impede the implementation of the bootstrap and represent an additional source of uncertainty that must be taken into account. In this work, a bootstrap scheme is devised that handles nondetects by adding an imputation step within the resampling process and conveniently propagates their associated uncertainly. In doing so, it considers the constrained relationships between chemical concentrations originated from their compositional nature. Bootstrap estimates using a range of imputation methods, including new stochastic proposals, are compared across scenarios of increasing difficulty. They are formulated to meet compositional principles following the log-ratio approach, and an adjustment is introduced in the multivariate case to deal with nonclosed samples. Results suggest that nondetect bootstrap based on model-based imputation is generally preferable. A robust approach based on isometric log-ratio transformations appears to be particularly suited in this context. Computer routines in the R statistical programming language are provided. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier] Biomath & Stat Scotland, JCMB, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Antoni Martin-Fernandez, Josep] UdG, Dept Informat Matemat Aplicada & Estadist, E-17071 Girona, Spain. [Olea, Ricardo Antonio] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Palarea-Albaladejo, J (reprint author), Biomath & Stat Scotland, JCMB, Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM javier.palarea@bioss.ac.uk RI Martin-Fernandez, Josep-Antoni/B-9208-2011 OI Martin-Fernandez, Josep-Antoni/0000-0003-2366-1592 FU Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [MTM2012-33236]; Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca of the Generalitat de Catalunya [2009SGR424] FX This research has been supported by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project 'METRICS' Ref. MTM2012-33236 and the Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca of the Generalitat de Catalunya under the project Ref. 2009SGR424. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0886-9383 EI 1099-128X J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7 BP 585 EP 599 DI 10.1002/cem.2621 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA AN3QO UT WOS:000340503500006 ER PT J AU Poland, MP AF Poland, Michael P. TI Time-averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, measured from TanDEM-X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011-2013 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; MOUNT ST-HELENS; FLOW-FIELD; MAUNA-ULU; ERUPTION; DEFORMATION; INFLATION; MODELS; EMPLACEMENT; TOPOGRAPHY AB Differencing digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from TerraSAR add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM-X) synthetic aperture radar imagery provides a measurement of elevation change over time. On the East Rift Zone (EZR) of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, the effusion of lava causes changes in topography. When these elevation changes are summed over the area of an active lava flow, it is possible to quantify the volume of lava emplaced at the surface during the time spanned by the TanDEM-X data-a parameter that can be difficult to measure across the entirety of an similar to 100 km(2) lava flow field using ground-based techniques or optical remote sensing data. Based on the differences between multiple TanDEM-X-derived DEMs collected days to weeks apart, the mean dense-rock equivalent time-averaged discharge rate of lava at Kilauea between mid-2011 and mid-2013 was approximately 2 m(3)/s, which is about half the long-term average rate over the course of Kilauea's 1983-present ERZ eruption. This result implies that there was an increase in the proportion of lava stored versus erupted, a decrease in the rate of magma supply to the volcano, or some combination of both during this time period. In addition to constraining the time-averaged discharge rate of lava and the rates of magma supply and storage, topographic change maps derived from space-based TanDEM-X data provide insights into the four-dimensional evolution of Kilauea's ERZ lava flow field. TanDEM-X data are a valuable complement to other space-, air-, and ground-based observations of eruptive activity at Kilauea and offer great promise at locations around the world for aiding with monitoring not just volcanic eruptions but any hazardous activity that results in surface change, including landslides, floods, earthquakes, and other natural and anthropogenic processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Poland, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 73 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 5464 EP 5481 DI 10.1002/2014JB011132 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AN2LK UT WOS:000340416500012 ER PT J AU Nagata, K Kilgore, B Beeler, N Nakatani, M AF Nagata, Kohei Kilgore, Brian Beeler, Nick Nakatani, Masao TI High-frequency imaging of elastic contrast and contact area with implications for naturally observed changes in fault properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TIME-DEPENDENT FRICTION; 1992 M7.5 LANDERS; ROCK FRICTION; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; LARGE-DISPLACEMENT; PUNCHBOWL FAULT; NORMAL STRESS; STICK-SLIP; WIDE-RANGE; SURFACES AB During localized slip of a laboratory fault we simultaneously measure the contact area and the dynamic fault normal elastic stiffness. One objective is to determine conditions where stiffness may be used to infer changes in area of contact during sliding on nontransparent fault surfaces. Slip speeds between 0.01 and 10 mu m/s and normal stresses between 1 and 2.5 MPa were imposed during velocity step, normal stress step, and slide-hold-slide tests. Stiffness and contact area have a linear interdependence during rate stepping tests and during the hold portion of slide-hold-slide tests. So long as linearity holds, measured fault stiffness can be used on nontransparent materials to infer changes in contact area. However, there are conditions where relations between contact area and stiffness are nonlinear and nonunique. A second objective is to make comparisons between the laboratory-and field-measured changes in fault properties. Time-dependent changes in fault zone normal stiffness made in stress relaxation tests imply postseismic wave speed changes on the order of 0.3% to 0.8% per year in the two or more years following an earthquake; these are smaller than postseismic increases seen within natural damage zones. Based on scaling of the experimental observations, natural postseismic fault normal contraction could be accommodated within a few decimeter wide fault core. Changes in the stiffness of laboratory shear zones exceed 10% per decade and might be detectable in the field postseismically. C1 [Nagata, Kohei; Nakatani, Masao] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Kilgore, Brian] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beeler, Nick] US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Beeler, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM nbeeler@usgs.gov RI Kilgore, Brian/K-3433-2012 OI Kilgore, Brian/0000-0003-0530-7979 FU USGS Venture Capital Fund; Earthquake Research Institute; Southern California Earthquake Center; NSF [EAR-0106924]; USGS [02HQAG0008]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan under Earthquake and Volcano Hazards Observation and Research Program FX Funding for acoustic transmission instrumentation and data acquisition, and for Kohei Nagata's travel and expenses were paid by a joint grant from the USGS Venture Capital Fund to the USGS Earthquake Science Center and the Earthquake Research Institute. Additional support for research related to acoustic transmission and normal stress changes was provided by a grant from the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is supported by NSF cooperative agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS cooperative agreement 02HQAG0008. This is SCEC contribution 1952. This study was also supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan under its Earthquake and Volcano Hazards Observation and Research Program. This report was significantly improved in response to JGR reviews by Chris Marone and Brett Carpenter, to USGS internal reviews by Carolyn Morrow and Ole Kaven, and to reviews of an earlier version of the manuscript by Joerg Renner, Mandy Duda, and an anonymous referee. The data in this paper are available from the corresponding author. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 5855 EP 5875 DI 10.1002/2014JB011014 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AN2LK UT WOS:000340416500034 ER PT J AU Murray, JR Minson, SE Svarc, JL AF Murray, Jessica R. Minson, Sarah E. Svarc, Jerry L. TI Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; HAYWARD FAULT; GPS DATA; EARTHQUAKE; DEFORMATION; PARKFIELD; RUPTURE; MODEL AB Fault creep, depending on its rate and spatial extent, is thought to reduce earthquake hazard by releasing tectonic strain aseismically. We use Bayesian inversion and a newly expanded GPS data set to infer the deep slip rates below assigned locking depths on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults of Northern California and, for the latter two, the spatially variable interseismic creep rate above the locking depth. We estimate deep slip rates of 21.5 +/- 0.5, 13.1 +/- 0.8, and 7.5 +/- 0.7 mm/yr below 16 km, 9 km, and 13 km on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults, respectively. We infer that on average the Bartlett Springs fault creeps from the Earth's surface to 13 km depth, and below 5 km the creep rate approaches the deep slip rate. This implies that microseismicity may extend below the locking depth; however, we cannot rule out the presence of locked patches in the seismogenic zone that could generate moderate earthquakes. Our estimated Maacama creep rate, while comparable to the inferred deep slip rate at the Earth's surface, decreases with depth, implying a slip deficit exists. The Maacama deep slip rate estimate, 13.1 mm/yr, exceeds long-term geologic slip rate estimates, perhaps due to distributed off-fault strain or the presence of multiple active fault strands. While our creep rate estimates are relatively insensitive to choice of model locking depth, insufficient independent information regarding locking depths is a source of epistemic uncertainty that impacts deep slip rate estimates. C1 [Murray, Jessica R.; Svarc, Jerry L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Minson, Sarah E.] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Murray, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrmurray@usgs.gov FU Pacific Gas and Electric Company; Earthquake Hazards Program of the USGS FX The authors wish to thank Roland Burgmann, Yariv Hamiel, Ruth Harris, and Robert Simpson for careful reviews as well as William Ellsworth, Jeanne Hardebeck, James Lienkaemper, and William Page for useful discussions. This work was funded by Pacific Gas and Electric Company and the Earthquake Hazards Program of the USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 6023 EP 6047 DI 10.1002/2014JB010966 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AN2LK UT WOS:000340416500041 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Plafker, G Svarc, JL Lisowski, M AF Savage, J. C. Plafker, G. Svarc, J. L. Lisowski, M. TI Continuous uplift near the seaward edge of the Prince William Sound megathrust: Middleton Island, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONE; POSTSEISMIC RELAXATION; KENAI PENINSULA; COSEISMIC SLIP; EARTHQUAKE; DEFORMATION; TRENCH; FAULTS; CREEP; JAPAN AB Middleton Island, located at the seaward edge of the continental shelf 50 km from the base of the inner wall of the Aleutian Trench, affords an opportunity to make land-based measurements of uplift near the toe of the Prince William Sound megathrust, site of the 1964, M = 9.2, Alaska earthquake. Leveling surveys (1973-1993) on Middleton Island indicate roughly uniform tilting (similar to 1 mu rad/a down to the northwest) of the island, and GPS surveys (1993-2012) show an uplift rate of 14 mm/a of the island relative to fixed North America. The data are consistent with a combined (coseismic and postseismic) uplift (in meters) due to the 1964 earthquake as a function of time tau (years after the earthquake) u(tau) = (3.5 + 1.21 log(10)[1 + 1.67 tau]) H(tau) where 3.5 is the coseismic uplift and H(tau) is 0 for tau < 0 and 1 otherwise. The current uplift on Middleton Island is attributed to continuous slip on a fault splaying off from the megathrust, and the long-term uplift is the superposition of the effects of past earthquakes, each earthquake being similar to the 1964 event. Then, the predicted uplift at time t due to a sequence of earthquakes at times t(i) would be Sigma(i) u(t - t(i)). From studies of strandlines associated with the uplifted terraces on Middleton Island, Plafker et al. (1992) estimated the occurrence times of the last six earthquakes and measured the present-day elevations of those strandlines. The predicted uplift is in rough agreement with those measurements. About half of the predicted uplift is due to postseismic relaxation from previous earthquakes. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Plafker, G.; Svarc, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lisowski, M.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 6067 EP 6079 DI 10.1002/2014JB011127 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AN2LK UT WOS:000340416500043 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Meier, MS McColl, LE Hines, RK Pichner, J Johnson, L Lyon, JE Scharold, KK Meyer, M AF Kenow, Kevin P. Meier, Melissa S. McColl, Laurie E. Hines, Randy K. Pichner, Jimmy Johnson, Laura Lyon, James E. Scharold, Kellie Kroc Meyer, Michael TI Hand-Rearing, Growth, and Development of Common Loon (Gavia Immer) Chicks SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioral development; captive rearing; common loon; food consumption; growth; husbandry ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE AB Common loon chicks were reared in captivity in association with studies to evaluate the effects of radiotransmitter implants and to assess the ecological risk of dietary methylmercury. Here we report on hatching and rearing methods used to successfully raise chicks to 105 days of age. We experienced a 91.5% hatch rate, and 89.6% of loon chicks survived to the end of the study at 105 days. Baseline information on observed rates of fish consumption, behavioral development, and growth patterns are provided. Husbandry techniques are provided that should prove valuable to wildlife rehabilitators caring for abandoned or injured loons, and biologists contemplating methods for restoring loons to areas within their former breeding range. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Kenow, Kevin P.; Meier, Melissa S.; McColl, Laurie E.; Hines, Randy K.; Lyon, James E.; Scharold, Kellie Kroc] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Pichner, Jimmy] Minnesota Zool Gardens, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA. [Johnson, Laura] Hillside Anim Hosp, La Crosse, WI USA. [Meyer, Michael] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI USA. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kkenow@usgs.gov OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 FU Electric Power Research Institute; Wisconsin Utilities Association; Wisconsin Department of Administration Wisconsin Focus on Energy Environmental Research Program; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey FX Grant sponsor: The Electric Power Research Institute; grant sponsor: Wisconsin Utilities Association; grant sponsor: Wisconsin Department of Administration Wisconsin Focus on Energy Environmental Research Program; grant sponsor: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; grant sponsor: U.S. Geological Survey; NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0733-3188 EI 1098-2361 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 33 IS 4 BP 360 EP 371 DI 10.1002/zoo.21130 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA AN3VX UT WOS:000340517900015 PM 24753001 ER PT J AU Weinersmith, KL Warinner, CB Tan, V Harris, DJ Mora, AB Kuris, AM Lafferty, KD Hechinger, RF AF Weinersmith, Kelly L. Warinner, Chloe B. Tan, Virginia Harris, David J. Mora, Adrienne B. Kuris, Armand M. Lafferty, Kevin D. Hechinger, Ryan F. TI A Lack of Crowding? Body Size Does Not Decrease with Density for Two Behavior-Manipulating Parasites SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-PARVIPINNIS; SCHISTOCEPHALUS-SOLIDUS; HYMENOLEPIS-DIMINUTA; INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; GROWTH STRATEGIES; LIFE-HISTORY; COMPETITION; EVOLUTION; ACANTHOCEPHALA; TREMATODES AB For trophically transmitted parasites that manipulate the phenotype of their hosts, whether the parasites do or do not experience resource competition depends on such factors as the size of the parasites relative to their hosts, the intensity of infection, the extent to which parasites share the cost of defending against the host's immune system or manipulating their host, and the extent to which parasites share transmission goals. Despite theoretical expectations for situations in which either no, or positive, or negative density-dependence should be observed, most studies document only negative density-dependence for trophically transmitted parasites. However, this trend may be an artifact of most studies having focused on systems in which parasites are large relative to their hosts. Yet, systems are common where parasites are small relative to their hosts, and these trophically transmitted parasites may be less likely to experience resource limitation. We looked for signs of density-dependence in Euhaplorchis californiensis (EUHA) and Renicola buchanani (RENB), two manipulative trematode parasites infecting wild-caught California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis). These parasites are small relative to killifish (suggesting resources are not limiting), and are associated with changes in killifish behavior that are dependent on parasite-intensity and that increase predation rates by the parasites' shared final host (indicating the possibility for cost sharing). We did not observe negative density-dependence in either species, indicating that resources are not limiting. In fact, observed patterns indicate possible mild positive density-dependence for EUHA. Although experimental confirmation is required, our findings suggest that some behavior-manipulating parasites suffer no reduction in size, and may even benefit when "crowded" by conspecifics. C1 [Weinersmith, Kelly L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Warinner, Chloe B.] Dos Pueblos High Sch, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Warinner, Chloe B.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tan, Virginia] Irvington High Sch, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. [Tan, Virginia] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Harris, David J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Populat Biol Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mora, Adrienne B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.; Lafferty, Kevin D.; Hechinger, Ryan F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.; Lafferty, Kevin D.; Hechinger, Ryan F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Weinersmith, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM KLSmit@UCDavis.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 54 IS 2 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1093/icb/icu081 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AM7TP UT WOS:000340071900011 PM 24935987 ER PT J AU Alemu, H Senay, GB Kaptue, AT Kovalskyy, V AF Alemu, Henok Senay, Gabriel B. Kaptue, Armel T. Kovalskyy, Valeriy TI Evapotranspiration Variability and Its Association with Vegetation Dynamics in the Nile Basin, 2002-2011 SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; vegetation productivity; NDVI; land cover; climate; rainfall; trend analysis; Nile Basin ID MAPPING DAILY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; REMOTE-SENSING TECHNIQUES; ENERGY-BALANCE; WATER-BALANCE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; MODIS; SUDAN; EVAPORATION; HIGHLANDS; ALGORITHM AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is a vital component in land-atmosphere interactions. In drylands, over 90% of annual rainfall evaporates. The Nile Basin in Africa is about 42% dryland in a region experiencing rapid population growth and development. The relationship of ET with climate, vegetation and land cover in the basin during 2002-2011 is analyzed using thermal-based Simplified Surface Energy Balance Operational (SSEBop) ET, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)-based MODIS Terrestrial (MOD16) ET, MODIS-derived NDVI as a proxy for vegetation productivity and rainfall from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Interannual variability and trends are analyzed using established statistical methods. Analysis based on thermal-based ET revealed that >50% of the study area exhibited negative ET anomalies for 7 years (2009, driest), while >60% exhibited positive ET anomalies for 3 years (2007, wettest). NDVI-based monthly ET correlated strongly (r > 0.77) with vegetation than thermal-based ET (0.52 < r < 0.73) at p < 0.001. Climate-zone averaged thermal-based ET anomalies positively correlated (r = 0.6, p < 0.05) with rainfall in 4 of the 9 investigated climate zones. Thermal-based and NDVI-based ET estimates revealed minor discrepancies over rainfed croplands (60 mm/yr higher for thermal-based ET), but a significant divergence over wetlands (440 mm/yr higher for thermal-based ET). Only 5% of the study area exhibited statistically significant trends in ET. C1 [Alemu, Henok; Senay, Gabriel B.; Kaptue, Armel T.; Kovalskyy, Valeriy] S Dakota State Univ, GSCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Alemu, H (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, GSCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM henok.alemu@sdstate.edu; senay@usgs.gov; armel.kaptue@sdstate.edu; valeriy.kovalskyy@sdstate.edu FU Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) [PCE-G-00-98-00036-00, 144-29-29]; Applied Science Program of NASA Earth-Sun System Division [NNA06CH751]; FEWS-NET FX This work was partially supported by: the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP): PCE-G-00-98-00036-00 Sub-grant Number 144-29-29; the Applied Science Program of NASA Earth-Sun System Division contract# NNA06CH751; and FEWS-NET. The authors would like to thank Pierre Camberlin (University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France) for the permission to reuse the climate stratification data, and Milly Mbuliro (Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), Entebbe, Uganda) for the provision of the MOD16 data. Finally, we thank the Journal Editor and the anonymous reviewers for their useful and constructive reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 29 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 6 IS 7 BP 5885 EP 5908 DI 10.3390/rs6075885 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AM7IE UT WOS:000340038700001 ER PT J AU Smith, GM Barker, P Hattori, EM Raymond, A Goebel, T AF Smith, Geoffrey M. Barker, Pat Hattori, Eugene M. Raymond, Anan Goebel, Ted TI IDENTIFYING DART AND ARROW POINTS IN THE GREAT BASIN: A REPLY TO HOCKETT ET AL. SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Editorial Material AB Hockett et al.'s (2014) comment argues two points: (1) the Nicholarsen Cache does not contain both dart and arrow points;, and (2) the "early" Elko points in our sample are Large Side-notched points. We appreciate their reanalysis of the Nicholarsen Cache points using a different approach, which leads them to the same conclusion made in our original article. Whereas we concede that one of the Elko points is difficult to classify and could be viewed as a Large Side-notched point, we find no evidence that the other specimen is anything but an Elko point directly dated to the middle Holocene. C1 [Smith, Geoffrey M.] Univ Nevada, Great Basin Paleoindian Res Unit, Dept Anthropol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Barker, Pat; Hattori, Eugene M.] Nevada State Museum, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Raymond, Anan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sherwood, OR 97140 USA. [Goebel, Ted] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Amer 1, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Smith, GM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Great Basin Paleoindian Res Unit, Dept Anthropol, 1664 Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM geoffreys@unr.edu; barkerj@unr.edu; ghattori@nevadacul-ture.org; anan_raymond@fws.gov; goebel@tamu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 EI 2325-5064 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 79 IS 3 BP 566 EP 569 PG 4 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA AM2SX UT WOS:000339702200013 ER PT J AU Swanson, DA Rose, TR Mucek, AE Garcia, MO Fiske, RS Mastin, LG AF Swanson, Donald A. Rose, Timothy R. Mucek, Adonara E. Garcia, Michael O. Fiske, Richard S. Mastin, Larry G. TI Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGMA RESERVOIR; KEANAKAKOI ASH; PUNA RIDGE; MAUNA-LOA; SUMMIT; AD; GROUNDWATER; CALIBRATION; CALDERA; VIOLENT AB The subaerial eruptive activity at Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii) for the past 2500 yr can be divided into 3 dominantly effusive and 2 dominantly explosive periods, each lasting several centuries. The prevailing style of eruption for 60% of this time was explosive, manifested by repeated phreatic and phreatomagmatic activity in a deep summit caldera. During dominantly explosive periods, the magma supply rate to the shallow storage volume beneath the summit dropped to only a few percent of that during mainly effusive periods. The frequency and duration of explosive activity are contrary to the popular impression that Kilauea is almost unceasingly effusive. Explosive activity apparently correlates with the presence of a caldera intersecting the water table. The decrease in magma supply rate may result in caldera collapse, because erupted or intruded magma is not replaced. Glasses with unusually high MgO, TiO2, and K2O compositions occur only in explosive tephra (and one related lava flow) and are consistent with disruption of the shallow reservoir complex during caldera formation. Kilauea is a complex, modulated system in which melting rate, supply rate, conduit stability (in both mantle and crust), reservoir geometry, water table, and many other factors interact with one another. The hazards associated with explosive activity at Kilauea's summit would have major impact on local society if a future dominantly explosive period were to last several centuries. The association of lowered magma supply, caldera formation, and explosive activity might characterize other basaltic volcanoes, but has not been recognized. C1 [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Rose, Timothy R.; Fiske, Richard S.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Mucek, Adonara E.; Garcia, Michael O.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mastin, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Swanson, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1118741] FX We thank Dave Clague, Dan Dzurisin, Shaul Hurwitz, and Pete Lipman for insightful manuscript reviews. Tom Wright's comments on a preliminary version were provocative. Dave Sherrod supplied three unpublished 14C ages. Discussions with Frank Trusdell were valuable. Robin Holcomb proposed eruptive cycles that differ from ours but stimulated our thinking. Garcia and Mucek were supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1118741. This paper is School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) contribution 9115. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2014 VL 42 IS 7 BP 631 EP 634 DI 10.1130/G35701.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA AM6GJ UT WOS:000339961400022 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF AF Pollitz, F. F. TI Post-earthquake relaxation using a spectral element method: 2.5-D case SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical solutions; Transient deformation; Mechanics, theory, and modelling ID SEISMIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; PATTERN MULTIFRONTAL METHOD; POSTSEISMIC RELAXATION; SPHERICAL-EARTH; MOJAVE-DESERT; UPPER-MANTLE; LOWER CRUST; DEFORMATION; RHEOLOGY; MODELS AB The computation of quasi-static deformation for axisymmetric viscoelastic structures on a gravitating spherical earth is addressed using the spectral element method (SEM). A 2-D spectral element domain is defined with respect to spherical coordinates of radius and angular distance from a pole of symmetry, and 3-D viscoelastic structure is assumed to be azimuthally symmetric with respect to this pole. A point dislocation source that is periodic in azimuth is implemented with a truncated sequence of azimuthal order numbers. Viscoelasticity is limited to linear rheologies and is implemented with the correspondence principle in the Laplace transform domain. This leads to a series of decoupled 2-D problems which are solved with the SEM. Inverse Laplace transform of the independent 2-D solutions leads to the time-domain solution of the 3-D equations of quasi-static equilibrium imposed on a 2-D structure. The numerical procedure is verified through comparison with analytic solutions for finite faults embedded in a laterally homogeneous viscoelastic structure. This methodology is applicable to situations where the predominant structure varies in one horizontal direction, such as a structural contrast across (or parallel to) a long strike-slip fault. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 198 IS 1 BP 308 EP 326 DI 10.1093/gji/ggu114 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AM2YI UT WOS:000339717200023 ER PT J AU O'Malley, BP Bunnell, DB AF O'Malley, Brian P. Bunnell, David B. TI Diet of Mysis diluviana reveals seasonal patterns of omnivory and consumption of invasive species in offshore Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mysid; diet; omnivory; invasive species; zooplankton ID WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; CERCOPAGIS-PENGOI; DRY-WEIGHT; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; TERRESTRIAL SUPPORT; VERTICAL MIGRATION; LEPTODORA-KINDTII; FEEDING PATTERNS AB Recent changes in Lake Michigan's lower trophic levels were hypothesized to have influenced the diet of omnivorous Mysis diluviana. In this study, the stomach contents of Mysis were examined from juvenile and adults collected monthly (April-October) from a 110-m bottom depth site to describe their seasonal diet in Lake Michigan during 2010. Diatoms were the most common prey item ingested, followed by calanoid copepods, and chrysophytes. Dreissenid veligers were documented in mysid diets for the first time in the Great Lakes, and Cercopagis pengoi were not only consumed but even preferred by adults in summer. Diet proportions by weight were dominated by calanoids, although diets showed a marked shift toward cladocerans in autumn. Juvenile and adult Mysis selected primarily for cladoceran prey but also selected for some calanoid copepod taxa. Comparing available Mysis diet data from 1985 to 2010 indicated generally fewer cladocerans and rotifers per gut and less consistent differences in copepods and Peridinium consumed. The seasonal composition of phyto- and zooplankton prey documented herein should be useful to those seeking to understand the trophic role of Mysis in offshore food webs, but caution should be expressed when generalizing similarities in Mysis diets across other lakes because Lake Michigan's population seems relatively more herbivorous. C1 [O'Malley, Brian P.] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP O'Malley, BP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackleton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM bpomalley89@gmail.com OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [74] FX This research was supported by a grant to the US Geological Survey (Template no. 74) from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 36 IS 4 BP 989 EP 1002 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbu038 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AM6DE UT WOS:000339951300009 ER PT J AU Bodamer, BL Bridgeman, TB AF Bodamer, Betsy L. Bridgeman, Thomas B. TI Experimental dead zones: two designs for creating oxygen gradients in aquatic ecological studies SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; PROGRESSIVE HYPOXIA; FISH PREDATION; HABITAT SELECTION; EPISODIC HYPOXIA; FEEDING ECOLOGY AB Hypoxia is commonly defined as dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations below 2 mg L-1. The occurrence of hypoxia within freshwater and marine ecosystems is stressful for respiring organisms across all trophic levels, leading to changes in community diversity, altered trophic interactions, and decreased physiological fitness of organisms. Whereas many field studies have identified changes in animal diets and species distribution due to hypoxia, the behavioral changes that drive these patterns are poorly understood. Additionally, many laboratory studies that subject organisms to a fixed DO concentration may not be entirely applicable to natural environments because many organisms are capable of sensing and avoiding hypoxic areas. Herein we describe two experimental tank systems developed to study the effects of oxygen gradients on fish behavior. These systems are novel in that 1) fish and potentially other aquatic organisms can freely move between hypoxic and well oxygenated areas, 2) the thermocline or oxycline is easily adjusted for multiple treatment levels, 3) they are large enough to study fish behavior on an ecological scale, and 4) are constructed with affordable, readily available materials and are easily maintained. In both systems, we were able to conduct fish behavior studies under stable thermal and oxic stratification comparable to conditions found in temperate freshwater lakes. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43616 USA. Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Toledo, OH 43616 USA. RP Bodamer, BL (reprint author), USGS Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM bbodamerscarbro@usgs.gov FU University Research Award from U. Toledo; Ohio Board of Regents; NSF [0742395]; Robert Brundage Memorial Scholarship; University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center [2014-11] FX We would like to thank Colleen Nagel and Jona Scarbro for assistance with material acquisition and construction. We would also like to thank Randall Ruch, Von Sigler, Christine Mayer, and Jessica Head for scientific advice throughout this project. This research was supported by a University Research Award from U. Toledo and the Ohio Board of Regents. Water chillers were provided by the USGS Lake Erie Biological Station. Support for BLB was provided by a NSF GK-12 DGE#0742395 fellowship and a Robert Brundage Memorial Scholarship. This is publication #2014-11 from the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 12 BP 441 EP 454 DI 10.4319/lom.2014.12.441 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AM1LA UT WOS:000339606200003 ER PT J AU Qian, SS Cuffney, TF AF Qian, Song S. Cuffney, Thomas F. TI A hierarchical zero-inflated model for species compositional data-from individual taxon responses to community response SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; COUNT DATA; URBANIZATION; REGRESSION; VEGETATION; RICHNESS; GRADIENT; STREAMS AB Healthy macroinvertebrate communities are typically composed of a few abundant taxa and many relatively rare taxa. These rare taxa tend to be sensitive to pollution and, in aggregate, are important indicators of water quality (e.g., EPT taxa richness that combines Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa). Rare taxa lead to community data sets that contain large numbers of zero values that are often a source of difficulty in data processing and analysis. A hierarchical zero-inflated Poisson model is developed to study the responses to watershed urbanization of a group of macroinvertebrates taxa (EPT taxa) often used as indicators of good water quality and a healthy stream ecosystem. The zero-inflated Poisson model is parameterized with a unimodal curve for the abundance model and a logit-linear model for the zero model. The hierarchical model is used to integrate responses of individual taxa into a community level response. The emphasis of the model is on estimating the probability that an observed 0 represents the true absence of a taxon. By modeling the probability of true absence as a function of watershed level urbanization intensity both at individual taxon level and at the community level, we are able to develop a stressor-specific tolerance indicator to (1) separate truly sensitive EPT taxa from more tolerant taxa, and (2) compare the responses of different communities to the same stressor or responses of the same community in different regions. We document the development of the model and the process of integrating individual taxon models into a community model. The model is applied to a data set collected for study of the effect of urbanization on stream ecosystems. C1 [Qian, Song S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Cuffney, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Qian, SS (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM song.qian@utoledo.edu FU University Research Council of the University of Toledo FX Qian's work was performed while supported by the University Research Council of the University of Toledo. Part of the results were presented at the 2013 Annual Conference of the Society of Freshwater Science in Jacksonville, Florida, USA. The authors thank Craig Stow, the associate editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 12 BP 498 EP 506 DI 10.4319/lom.2014.12.498 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AM1LA UT WOS:000339606200007 ER PT J AU Ando, H Young, L Naughton, M Suzuki, H Deguchi, T Isagi, Y AF Ando, Haruko Young, Lindsay Naughton, Maura Suzuki, Hajime Deguchi, Tomohiro Isagi, Yuji TI Predominance of Unbalanced Gene Flow from Western to Central North Pacific Colonies of the Black-Footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NONBREEDING ALBATROSSES; CONSERVATION GENETICS; WANDERING ALBATROSS; COALESCENT APPROACH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BONIN ISLANDS AB The Black-Footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) breeds in two remote regions, approximately 4,000 km apart, in the North Pacific. The population in the central North Pacific region (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands), which contains >95% of the total population, is currently stable, although concerns exist about future declines. In contrast, the population in the western North Pacific (Izu and Ogasawara Islands in Japan) is rapidly increasing, and the breeding areas are expanding. To estimate possible gene flow caused by dispersal between populations, we performed genetic analysis on six colonies of Black-Footed Albatross using 10 microsatellite markers. The central and western North Pacific populations were genetically differentiated. However, an estimation of migrants per generation indicated directional dispersal from the western to the central North Pacific. In particular, the population on Kure Atoll, the westernmost atoll in the Hawaiian Islands in the central North Pacific, exhibited weak genetic differentiation from the western North Pacific populations, suggesting frequent immigration from the western North Pacific. The recent expansion of the western North Pacific population may be due to an increase in returning individuals, which may be caused by increased breeding success rates and/or survival rates. Range-wide and long-term monitoring of the Black-Footed Albatross population using genetic markers may help to uncover dispersal dynamics of this highly mobile but philopatric albatross species and to make appropriate conservation decisions in light of environmental changes. C1 [Ando, Haruko; Isagi, Yuji] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Young, Lindsay] Pacific Rim Conservat, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Naughton, Maura] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Suzuki, Hajime] Inst Boninol, Ogasawara 1002101, Japan. [Deguchi, Tomohiro] Yamashina Inst Ornithol, Abiko, Chiba 2701145, Japan. RP Ando, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM ando.haruko.75a@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp OI Deguchi, Tomohiro/0000-0001-8005-9114 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 68 IS 3 BP 309 EP 319 DI 10.2984/68.3.1 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AM1JL UT WOS:000339602100001 ER PT J AU Ruble, CL Rakes, PL Shute, JR Welsh, SA AF Ruble, Crystal L. Rakes, Patrick L. Shute, John R. Welsh, Stuart A. TI Captive Propagation, Reproductive Biology, and Early Life History of the Diamond Darter (Crystallaria cincotta) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID VERTEBRATE DENTITION; FOUNTAIN DARTER; ECOLOGY; PERCIDAE; BEHAVIOR; TEETH AB Reproductive biology and early life history data are critical for the conservation and management of rare fishes. During 2008-2012 a captive propagation study was conducted on the Diamond Darter, Crystallaria cincotta, a rare species with a single extant population in the lower Elk River, West Virginia. Water temperatures during spawning ranged from 11.1-23.3 C. Females and males spawned with quick vibrations, burying eggs in fine sand in relatively swift clean depositional areas. Egg size was 1.8-1.9 mm, and embryos developed within 7 to 11 d. Diamond Darters were 6.7-7.2 mm total length (TL) at hatch. Larvae ranged from 9.0-11.0 mm TL following a 5-10 d period of yolk sac absorption. Larvae had relatively large mouth gapes and teeth and were provided brine shrimp Artemia sp., Ceriodaphnia dubia neonates, marine Brachionus rotifers, and powdered foods (50-400 mu m) but did not appear to feed in captivity, except for one observation of larval cannibalization. Larvae survived for a maximum of 10 d. To increase larval survival and reduce the possibility of cannibalism, other alternative food sources are needed during captive propagation. C1 [Ruble, Crystal L.; Rakes, Patrick L.; Shute, John R.] Conservat Fisheries Inc, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu FU West Virginia University [09-1009]; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources [2008.092, 2009.072, 2010.192, 2011.086] FX We thank W. Kordek (West Virginia Division of Natural Resources) and B. Douglas (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for financial support of this project. Many people assisted with collection efforts of Diamond Darters in the Elk River, including J. Baker, M. Bennett, D. Cincotta, K. Sheehan, D. Smith, N. Taylor, D. Thorne, D. Wichterman, and A. Yeager. This study was performed under the auspices of West Virginia University IACUC protocol 09-1009. Fieldwork was conducted under collection permits 2008.092, 2009.072, 2010.192, and 2011.086 granted by the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 172 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-172.1.107 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL2ID UT WOS:000338948300008 ER PT J AU Smith, CD Fischer, JR Quist, MC AF Smith, Christopher D. Fischer, Jesse R. Quist, Michael C. TI Historical Changes in Nebraska's Lotic Fish Assemblages: Implications of Anthropogenic Alterations SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; GREAT-PLAINS; PRAIRIE STREAM; UNITED-STATES; COMMON CARP; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; MISSOURI RIVER; CONSERVATION AB The plains of midwestern North America have undergone significant anthropogenic alterations following European settlement with consequent effects to lotic fish assemblage structure. We examined trends in fish assemblage structure and function in Nebraska's lotic systems using site-specific, presence-absence data from historical (19391940) and contemporary surveys (2003-2005; n 5 183). Shifts in fish assemblage structure were characterized by declines of specialist species (e. g., western silvery minnow Hybognathus argyritis) and increases in nonnative, sport, and generalist species (e. g., common carp Cyprinus carpio). Our research illustrates differences between historical and contemporary surveys for both taxonomic and functional metrics. Changes in fish assemblage structure were correlated with a contemporary measure of anthropogenic alteration (Human Threat Index; HTI) and were most pronounced for large-scale threats (i. e., watershed HTI, overall HTI). The HTI is a composite index of cumulative anthropogenic alterations experienced by a stream system and was used to investigate broad-scale implications of anthropogenic activity on fish assemblage structure. Fish assemblages among sites were more similar in contemporary surveys than in historical surveys, such changes might indicate a homogenization of the fish assemblages. Losses of native species and increases in introduced species have occurred in Nebraska's lotic systems across a broad temporal span and shifts are likely related to high levels of human perturbation. C1 [Smith, Christopher D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Fischer, Jesse R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Smith, CD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM smit8051@vandals.uidaho.edu FU Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University, Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Idaho; U. S. Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank J. Perkin, S. Schainost, E. Peters, R. Holland, D. Shuman, T. Barada, B. Garvey, and C. Hinz for assistance with the development of this project. C. Hoagstrom, M. Pyron, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for the Nebraska Statewide Stream Inventory Assessment was provided by the University of NebraskaLincoln and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Additional support was provided by the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U. S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 172 IS 1 BP 160 EP 184 PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL2ID UT WOS:000338948300011 ER PT J AU Delpit, S Ross, PS Hearn, BC AF Delpit, Severine Ross, Pierre-Simon Hearn, B. Carter, Jr. TI Deep-bedded ultramafic diatremes in the Missouri River Breaks volcanic field, Montana, USA: 1 km of syn-eruptive subsidence SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diatreme; Missouri River Breaks; Ultramafic; Phreatomagmatism; Subsidence; Maar ID BASE-SURGE DEPOSITS; HOPI-BUTTES; PHREATOMAGMATIC EXPLOSIONS; ACCRETIONARY LAPILLI; KIMBERLITE PIPES; NAVAJO NATION; VENT COMPLEX; COOMBS-HILLS; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; HIGHWOOD-MOUNTAINS AB The ultramafic Eocene Missouri River Breaks volcanic field (MRBVF, Montana, USA) includes over 50 diatremes emplaced in a mostly soft substrate. The current erosion level is 1.3-1.5 km below the pre-eruptive surface, exposing the deep part of the diatreme structures and some dikes. Five representative diatremes are described here; they are 200-375 m across and have sub-vertical walls. Their infill consists mostly of 55-90 % bedded pyroclastic rocks (fine tuffs to coarse lapilli tuffs) with concave-upward bedding, and 45-10 % non-bedded pyroclastic rocks (medium lapilli tuffs to tuff breccias). The latter zones form steep columns 15-135 m in horizontal dimension, which cross-cut the bedded pyroclastic rocks. Megablocks of the host sedimentary formations are also present in the diatremes, some being found 1 km or more below their sources. The diatreme infill contains abundant lithic clasts and ash-sized particles, indicating efficient fragmentation of magma and country rocks. The spherical to sub-spherical juvenile clasts are non-vesicular. They are accompanied by minor accretionary lapilli and armored lapilli. The deposits of dilute pyroclastic density currents are locally observed. Our main interpretations are as follows: (1) the observations strongly support phreatomagmatic explosions as the energy source for fragmentation and diatreme excavation; (2) the bedded pyroclastic rocks were deposited on the crater floor, and subsided by 1.0-1.3 km to their current location, with subsidence taking place mostly during the eruption; (3) the observed non-bedded pyroclastic columns were created by debris jets that punched through the bedded pyroclastic material; the debris jets did not empty the mature diatreme, occupying only a fraction of its width, and some debris jets probably did not reach the crater floor; (4) the mature diatreme was nearly always filled and buttressed by pyroclastic debris at depth - there was never a 1.3-1.5-km-deep empty hole with sub-vertical walls, otherwise the soft substrate would have collapsed inward, which it only did near the surface, to create the megablocks. We infer that syneruptive subsidence shifted down bedded pyroclastic material and shallow sedimentary megablocks by 0.8-1.1 km or more, after which limited post-eruptive subsidence occurred. This makes the MRBVF diatremes an extreme end-member case of syn-eruptive subsidence in the spectrum of possibilities for maar-diatreme volcanoes worldwide. C1 [Delpit, Severine; Ross, Pierre-Simon] Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Hearn, B. Carter, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Delpit, S (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Sci, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM severine.delpit@gmail.com FU NSERC; INRS FX This contribution is derived from the first author's PhD thesis at INRS. V. Lorenz, J. Stix, and P. Francus are acknowledged for their input on the thesis. The study was funded by NSERC (Discovery grant to PSR) and an INRS start-up grant. We thank V. Lorenz, S. Kurszlaukis, and J. D. L. White for discussions during the 2009 Missouri River Breaks field workshop as well as field assistant M. Villemure for her precious help. G. A. Valentine and J. D. L. White kindly commented on the manuscript prior to submission. M. Ort and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on the submitted manuscript. NR 143 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 76 IS 7 AR 832 DI 10.1007/s00445-014-0832-8 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL8IH UT WOS:000339381300007 ER PT J AU Klawonn, M Houghton, BF Swanson, DA Fagents, SA Wessel, P Wolfe, CJ AF Klawonn, Malin Houghton, Bruce F. Swanson, Donald A. Fagents, Sarah A. Wessel, Paul Wolfe, Cecily J. TI From field data to volumes: constraining uncertainties in pyroclastic eruption parameters SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Isopachs; Kilauea Iki; Pyroclastic deposits; Tephra ID TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; VOLCANO; ECUADOR; EXPLOSION; DYNAMICS; INSIGHTS; SIZE AB In this study, we aim to understand the variability in eruption volume estimates derived from field studies of pyroclastic deposits. We distributed paper maps of the 1959 Kilauea Iki tephra to 101 volcanologists worldwide, who produced hand- drawn isopachs. Across the returned maps, uncertainty in isopach areas is 7 % across the well- sampled deposit but increases to over 30 % for isopachs that are governed by the largest and smallest thickness measurements. We fit the exponential, power- law, and Weibull functions through the isopach thickness versus area1/2 values and find volume estimate variations up to a factor of 4.9 for a singlemap. Across all maps and methodologies, we find an average standard deviation for a total volume of s= 29 %. The volume uncertainties are largest for the most proximal (s= 62 %) and distal field (s= 53 %) and small for the densely sampled intermediate deposit (s= 8 %). For the Kilauea Iki 1959 eruption, we find that the deposit beyond the 5- cm isopach contains only 2% of the total erupted volume, whereas the near- source deposit contains 48% and the intermediate deposit 50 % of the total volume. Thus, the relative uncertainty within each zone impacts the total volume estimates differently. The observed uncertainties for the different deposit regions in this study illustrate a fundamental problem of estimating eruption volumes: while some methodologies may provide better fits to the isopach data or rely on fewer free parameters, the main issue remains the predictive capabilities of the empirical functions for the regions where measurements are missing. C1 [Klawonn, Malin; Houghton, Bruce F.; Wessel, Paul] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Serv, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, South Kona, HI 96718 USA. [Fagents, Sarah A.; Wolfe, Cecily J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wolfe, Cecily J.] US Geol Serv, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Klawonn, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM klawonn@hawaii.edu FU Fred M. Bullard Fellowship; NSF [EAR-0810332, EAR-1145159] FX We wish to thank the many volcanologists who participated in this study. We also thank Wendy Cockshell and Isaac Ishihara for their assistance in processing the isopach maps. The thorough and constructive reviews by Dr. Raffaello Cioni and an anonymous reviewer are gratefully acknowledged. This study was supported by the Fred M. Bullard Fellowship and NSF awards EAR-0810332 and EAR-1145159. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 76 IS 7 AR 839 DI 10.1007/s00445-014-0839-1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL8IH UT WOS:000339381300004 ER PT J AU Wittmann, ME Jerde, CL Howeth, JG Maher, SP Deines, AM Jenkins, JA Whitledge, GW Burbank, SR Chadderton, WL Mahon, AR Tyson, JT Gantz, CA Keller, RP Drake, JM Lodge, DM AF Wittmann, Marion E. Jerde, Christopher L. Howeth, Jennifer G. Maher, Sean P. Deines, Andrew M. Jenkins, Jill A. Whitledge, Gregory W. Burbank, Sarah R. Chadderton, William L. Mahon, Andrew R. Tyson, Jeffrey T. Gantz, Crysta A. Keller, Reuben P. Drake, John M. Lodge, David M. TI Grass carp in the Great Lakes region: establishment potential, expert perceptions, and re-evaluation of experimental evidence of ecological impact SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA VAL; ASIAN CARP; ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; NONNATIVE FISHES; INVASION STAGES; NORTH-AMERICA; WEED-CONTROL; AQUACULTURE; BIOLOGY; RISKS AB Intentional introductions of nonindigenous fishes are increasing globally. While benefits of these introductions are easily quantified, assessments to understand the negative impacts to ecosystems are often difficult, incomplete, or absent. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was originally introduced to the United States as a biocontrol agent, and recent observations of wild, diploid individuals in the Great Lakes basin have spurred interest in re-evaluating its ecological risk. Here, we evaluate the ecological impact of grass carp using expert opinion and a suite of the most up-to-date analytical tools and data (ploidy assessment, eDNA surveillance, species distribution models (SDMs), and meta-analysis). The perceived ecological impact of grass carp by fisheries experts was variable, ranging from unknown to very high. Wild-caught triploid and diploid individuals occurred in multiple Great Lakes waterways, and eDNA surveillance suggests that grass carp are abundant in a major tributary of Lake Michigan. SDMs predicted suitable grass carp climate occurs in all Great Lakes. Meta-analysis showed that grass carp introductions impact both water quality and biota. Novel findings based on updated ecological impact assessment tools indicate that iterative risk assessment of introduced fishes may be warranted. C1 [Wittmann, Marion E.; Jerde, Christopher L.; Deines, Andrew M.; Burbank, Sarah R.; Gantz, Crysta A.; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jerde, Christopher L.; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Howeth, Jennifer G.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Maher, Sean P.; Drake, John M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Maher, Sean P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Whitledge, Gregory W.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Chadderton, William L.] Nature Conservancy, South Bend, IN 46617 USA. [Mahon, Andrew R.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Tyson, Jeffrey T.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky, OH 43440 USA. [Keller, Reuben P.] Loyola Univ, Inst Environm Sustainabil, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. RP Wittmann, ME (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM mwittmann@gmail.com OI Drake, John/0000-0003-4646-1235 FU Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA09NOS4780192, NA10NOS4780218]; USFWS [30181AJ261, FY10-S-T0240-O169-2]; Illinois DNR FX This research was funded by Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (NA09NOS4780192, NA10NOS4780218), and USFWS (30181AJ261, FY10-S-T0240-O169-2). Ploidy assessments conducted by M. Robert and A. Travelstead (Southern Illinois University Flow Cytometry Facility) were funded by the Illinois DNR. S. Mysorekar (The Nature Conservancy) created maps in Fig. 2. P. Fuller and M. Cannister (USGS), R. deTriquet and M. Barnes (University of Notre Dame), B. Schroeder and B. Cudmore (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), and K. Irons (Illinois DNR) provided data and information. D. Chapman (USGS) and E. Monroe (USFWS) are thanked for reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 19 U2 129 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 992 EP 999 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0537 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL3BI UT WOS:000338999600004 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Letcher, BH Vokoun, JC Zipkin, EF AF Kanno, Yoichiro Letcher, Benjamin H. Vokoun, Jason C. Zipkin, Elise F. TI Spatial variability in adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) survival within two intensively surveyed headwater stream networks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PEDIGREE RECONSTRUCTION; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; RIVER SYSTEM; GREAT-PLAINS; BROWN TROUT; BULL TROUT; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENT AB Headwater stream networks are considered heterogeneous riverscapes, but it is challenging to characterize spatial variability in demographic rates. We estimated site-scale (50 m) survival of adult (>age 1+) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) within two intensively surveyed headwater stream networks by applying an open-population N-mixture approach to count data collected over two consecutive summers. The estimated annual apparent survival rate was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.28-0.46) in one network and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15-0.45) in the other network. In both networks, trout survival was higher in stream sites characterized by more abundant pool habitats. Trout survival was negatively associated with mean depth in one network and positively associated with stream gradient in the other. Stream temperature was not related to trout survival in either network, possibly because the majority of sites were thermally suitable. A similar analytical approach can be useful for inferring survival rates when count data are available over space and time but individual tagging is not feasible. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Vokoun, Jason C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, 132 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM ykanno@clemson.edu FU Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection; Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station through the Hatch Act; Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust; US Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX This research was financially supported by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection through the State and Tribal Wildlife Grants Program, the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station through the Hatch Act, the Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. We thank a number of people for their field assistance, particularly Neal Hagstrom, Mike Humphreys, Mike Beauchene, Chris Bellucci, Elise Benoit, Mike Davidson, George Maynard, and Jason Carmignani. We are grateful to the Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust, Northwest Conservation District, US Army Corps of Engineers, and many landowners for granting or facilitating access to private and restricted properties. An earlier version of this manuscript was greatly improved by constructive comments from four anonymous reviewers. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1010 EP 1019 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0358 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL3BI UT WOS:000338999600006 ER PT J AU Bowerman, T Neilson, BT Budy, P AF Bowerman, Tracy Neilson, Bethany T. Budy, Phaedra TI Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; EGG SURVIVAL; SELECTION; GROUNDWATER; EXCHANGE; REDDS; TEMPERATURE; CONFLUENTUS AB Successful spawning is imperative for the persistence of salmonid populations, but relatively little research has been conducted to evaluate factors affecting early life-stage survival for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a threatened char. We conducted a field experiment to assess the relationship between site-specific environmental factors and bull trout embryo survival and fry emergence timing. Survival from egg to hatch was negatively related to percent fine sediment (<1 mm) in the redd and positively related to the strength of downwelling at spawning sites. Survival of eggs to fry emergence was also negatively related to fine sediment, and the best statistical models included additional variables that described the rate of downwelling and intragravel flow within the incubation environment. Fry emerged at an earlier stage in development from redds with high percentages of fine sediment. Increased hydraulic conductivity via redd construction and selection of spawning sites with strong downwelling appear to enhance hyporheic flow rates and bull trout egg survival, but early life-stage success may ultimately be limited by intrusion of fine sediment into the incubation environment. C1 [Bowerman, Tracy] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Neilson, Bethany T.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Utah Water Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci,Ecol Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bowerman, T (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tracybowerman@gmail.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Columbia River Fisheries Program Office; Ecology Center at Utah State University; US Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in kind); Utah State University Vice-Presidential Fellowship; Seeley-Hinckley Scholarship FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Columbia River Fisheries Program Office, The Ecology Center at Utah State University, and the US Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in kind). Additional support was provided by a Utah State University Vice-Presidential Fellowship and the Seeley-Hinckley Scholarship, awarded to T. Bowerman. Logistical and data support was provided by P. MacKinnon, G. Thiede, M. Flautt, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Wizard Falls Fish Hatchery, the US Forest Service Sisters Ranger District, and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. We thank C. Hawkins, J. Wheaton, B. Roper, H. Schaller, and two anonymous reviewers for providing insightful and constructive comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Utah State University protocol No. 1082. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 49 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1059 EP 1071 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0372 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL3BI UT WOS:000338999600011 ER PT J AU Rogers, MW Bunnell, DB Madenjian, CP Warner, DM AF Rogers, Mark W. Bunnell, David B. Madenjian, Charles P. Warner, David M. TI Lake Michigan offshore ecosystem structure and food web changes from 1987 to 2008 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; MYSIS-RELICTA; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; NATURAL MORTALITY; NETWORK STRUCTURE; FISH COMMUNITY; PREY; DYNAMICS AB Ecosystems undergo dynamic changes owing to species invasions, fisheries management decisions, landscape modifications, and nutrient inputs. At Lake Michigan, new invaders (e.g., dreissenid mussels (Dreissena spp.), spiny water flea (Bythotrephes longimanus), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)) have proliferated and altered energy transfer pathways, while nutrient concentrations and stocking rates to support fisheries have changed. We developed an ecosystem model to describe food web structure in 1987 and ran simulations through 2008 to evaluate changes in biomass of functional groups, predator consumption, and effects of recently invading species. Keystone functional groups from 1987 were identified as Mysis, burbot (Lota lota), phytoplankton, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), nonpredatory cladocerans, and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Simulations predicted biomass reductions across all trophic levels and predicted biomasses fit observed trends for most functional groups. The effects of invasive species (e.g., dreissenid grazing) increased across simulation years, but were difficult to disentangle from other changes (e.g., declining offshore nutrient concentrations). In total, our model effectively represented recent changes to the Lake Michigan ecosystem and provides an ecosystem-based tool for exploring future resource management scenarios. C1 [Rogers, Mark W.; Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Warner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Rogers, MW (reprint author), USGS Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mwrogers@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU US EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; Great Lakes Fishery Commission Science Transfer Grant FX We are deeply indebted to Lake Michigan and Laurentian Great Lakes researchers and managers whose science products provided the information necessary to reconstruct 21 years of ecological history within our ecosystem model. Multiple agencies and individuals provided data inputs and time series for our modeling effort, including the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission's Lake Michigan Technical Committee Salmonid Working Group and Modeling Subcommittee, Iyob Tsehaye, US EPA-GLNPO, and US NOAA-GLERL. We thank Dan Yule of the US Geological Survey and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve this manuscript. This research was supported by a grant to the US Geological Survey (Template No. 74) from the US EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. We also benefitted from discussions at two Great Lakes Ecosystem Modeling Workshops funded by a Great Lakes Fishery Commission Science Transfer Grant to M. Rogers. This article is contribution 1835 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 91 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 103 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1072 EP 1086 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0514 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL3BI UT WOS:000338999600012 ER PT J AU Averill-Murray, RC Hagerty, BE AF Averill-Murray, Roy C. Hagerty, Bridgette E. TI Translocation Relative to Spatial Genetic Structure of the Mojave Desert Tortoise, Gopherus agassizii SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; population structure; genetic provenance; outbreeding depression ID AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION UNITS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION; AMPHIBIANS; MANAGEMENT; REPTILES; MOVEMENTS; FLOW; TOOL AB Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) have been translocated for decades, and research-oriented translocations recently have been recommended as a tool to help recover this threatened species. However, avoiding negative genetic impacts from wildlife translocations has been widely cautioned. Populations of the Mojave desert tortoise within a 200-276-km straight-line radius of each other (249-308 km measured around topographic barriers) tend to be genetically correlated and may be considered single genetic units for management purposes. When planning translocations among wild populations, releasing tortoises at recipient sites within a straight-line distance of 200 km from the source population would most conservatively maintain historic genetic population structure. However, the risk of causing outbreeding depression by inadvertently translocating Mojave desert tortoises between more distant populations or those of unknown provenance is low. C1 [Averill-Murray, Roy C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Hagerty, Bridgette E.] York Coll Penn, Dept Biol Sci, York, PA 17403 USA. RP Averill-Murray, RC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM roy_averill-murray@fws.gov; bhagerty@ycp.edu OI Averill-Murray, Roy/0000-0002-4424-2269 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AL6VN UT WOS:000339271300005 ER PT J AU Karanth, KK Nichols, JD Sauer, JR Hines, JE Yackulic, CB AF Karanth, Krithi K. Nichols, James D. Sauer, John R. Hines, James E. Yackulic, Charles B. TI Latitudinal gradients in North American avian species richness, turnover rates and extinction probabilities SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC RANGE SIZE; DIVERSITY GRADIENT; LOCAL EXTINCTION; BIRD COMMUNITIES; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; ANIMAL COMMUNITIES; TERRESTRIAL BIRDS; POPULATION-SIZE; GLOBAL PATTERNS; RAPOPORTS RULE AB A decline in species richness moving from equatorial regions to polar regions is a common, but not universal, macroecological pattern. Many studies have focused on this pattern, but few have focused on how the vital rates responsible for species richness patterns, local rates of species extinction and turnover, vary with latitude. We examine patterns of richness, turnover and extinction in North American avian communities inhabiting three ecoregions, using methods that account for failure to detect all species present. We use breeding bird point count data from. 1000 routes in the Breeding Bird Survey collected from 1982 to 2001 to estimate richness, extinction probability and turnover rates. Our analyses differ from others in 1) the use of annual estimates derived at specific locations rather than index data accumulated over numbers of years, 2) the use of estimators that incorporated detection probabilities and 3) a focus on dynamical processes (colonization, extinction) in addition to static patterns (species richness). We find average species richness estimates (48 to 135 species) increasing with latitude for all three regions, contradicting predictions based on the latitudinal diversity gradient. The estimated rates of extinction and turnover declined with latitude across the three ecoregions. We speculate that higher richness might be linked to periods of superabundant food supply in northern areas that support greater numbers of resident and migrant species. Our primary ecological conclusions are that the latitudinal gradient in species richness is reversed for North American birds in the studied ecoregions, and that both local extinction and turnover decrease from southern to northern latitudes. Thus, the vital rates that determine richness show evidence of greater stability and reduced dynamics in northern areas of higher richness. We recommend additional studies examining patterns of colonization, extinction and turnover in communities, that use clearly defined estimators that deal with detection probability. C1 [Karanth, Krithi K.] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560001, Karnataka, India. [Karanth, Krithi K.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, New York, NY 10640 USA. [Nichols, James D.; Sauer, John R.; Hines, James E.; Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Karanth, KK (reprint author), Ctr Wildlife Studies, 224 Garden Apts,Vittal Malya Rd, Bangalore 560001, Karnataka, India. EM krithi.karanth@gmail.com NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 IS 7 BP 626 EP 636 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00367.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6KJ UT WOS:000339241000002 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Garbrecht, JD Steiner, JL Blazs, RL AF Zhang, X. -C. Garbrecht, J. D. Steiner, J. L. Blazs, R. L. TI Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds: Sediment Database SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB One main objective for studying sediment in the Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds was to improve the scientific understanding of the effectiveness of watershed conservation practices and floodwater-retardation structures in controlling floods and soil erosion in southwest Oklahoma. This paper summarizes the sediment data collection program in the watersheds during the 1961 to 2012 time period. Gaging sites, record lengths, sampling procedures, data processing, and instrumentation are described. Examples of data use and analyses are presented to illustrate the potential use and relevance of the sediment data and to highlight past research findings. The sediment data, especially the breakpoint data from the unit source watersheds, are of great importance in understanding erosion processes, assessing the effectiveness of conservation practices, and evaluating and validating process-based soil erosion models. Data formats and availability are discussed, and the download URLs for accessing the data are specified. C1 [Zhang, X. -C.; Garbrecht, J. D.; Steiner, J. L.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Blazs, R. L.] USGS Oklahoma Water Resources Div, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1279 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.07.0288 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000018 PM 25603075 ER PT J AU Falendysz, EA Londono-Navas, AM Meteyer, CU Pussini, N Lopera, JG Osorio, JE Rocke, TE AF Falendysz, Elizabeth A. Londono-Navas, Angela M. Meteyer, Carol U. Pussini, Nicola Lopera, Juan G. Osorio, Jorge E. Rocke, Tonie E. TI EVALUATION OF MONKEYPOX VIRUS INFECTION OF BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS (CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS) USING IN VIVO BIOLUMINESCENT IMAGING SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bioluminescence; black-tailed prairie dog; histopathology; in vivo imaging; Monkeypox virus; Orthopoxvirus; poxvirus; real-time PCR ID DISEASE; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; CAPRIPOXVIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOLOGY; ANIMALS; GOATS; SHEEP; MICE AB Monkeypox (MPX) is a re-emerging zoonotic disease that is endemic in Central and West Africa, where it can cause a smallpox-like disease in humans. Despite many epidemiologic and field investigations of MPX, no definitive reservoir species has been identified. Using recombinant viruses expressing the firefly luciferase (luc) gene, we previously demonstrated the suitability of in vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to study the pathogenesis of MPX in animal models. Here, we evaluated BLI as a novel approach for tracking MPX virus infection in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Prairie dogs were affected during a multistate outbreak of MPX in the US in 2003 and have since been used as an animal model of this disease. Our BLI results were compared with PCR and virus isolation from tissues collected postmortem. Virus was easily detected and quantified in skin and superficial tissues by BLI before and during clinical phases, as well as in subclinical secondary cases, but was not reliably detected in deep tissues such as the lung. Although there are limitations to viral detection in larger wild rodent species, BLI can enhance the use of prairie dogs as an animal model of MPX and can be used for the study of infection, disease progression, and transmission in potential wild rodent reservoirs. C1 [Falendysz, Elizabeth A.; Londono-Navas, Angela M.; Meteyer, Carol U.; Pussini, Nicola; Lopera, Juan G.; Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Falendysz, Elizabeth A.; Londono-Navas, Angela M.; Lopera, Juan G.; Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU National Institutes of Health [TW8859-3] FX We thank Rachel Abbott for editorial comments and the National Wildlife Health Center animal care staff This research was funded by a National Institutes of Health R01 grant, TW8859-3. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 524 EP 536 DI 10.7589/2013-07-171 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AL1TQ UT WOS:000338909600012 PM 24779460 ER PT J AU Turner, GG Meteyer, CU Barton, H Gumbs, JF Reeder, DM Overton, B Bandouchova, H Bartonicka, T Martinkova, N Pikula, J Zukal, J Blehert, DS AF Turner, Gregory G. Meteyer, Carol Uphoff Barton, Hazel Gumbs, John F. Reeder, DeeAnn M. Overton, Barrie Bandouchova, Hana Bartonicka, Tomas Martinkova, Natalia Pikula, Jiri Zukal, Jan Blehert, David S. TI NONLETHAL SCREENING OF BAT-WING SKIN WITH THE USE OF ULTRAVIOLET FLUORESCENCE TO DETECT LESIONS INDICATIVE OF WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bat; Chiroptera; dermatomycosis; fungal infection; Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans; ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence; white-nose syndrome ID PSEUDOGYMNOASCUS-DESTRUCTANS; EMERGING DISEASE; GEOMYCES AB Definitive diagnosis of the bat disease white-nose syndrome (WNS) requires histologic analysis to identify the cutaneous erosions caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus [formerly Geomyces] destructans (Pd). Gross visual inspection does not distinguish bats with or without WNS, and no nonlethal, on-site, preliminary screening methods are available for WNS in bats. We demonstrate that long-wave ultraviolet (UV) light (wavelength 366-385 nm) elicits a distinct orange yellow fluorescence in bat-wing membranes (skin) that corresponds directly with the fungal cupping erosions in histologic sections of skin that are the current gold standard for diagnosis of WNS. Between March 2009 and April 2012, wing membranes from 168 North American bat carcasses submitted to the US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center were examined with the use of both UV light and histology. Comparison of these techniques showed that 98.8% of the bats with foci of orange yellow wing fluorescence (n=80) were WNS-positive based on histologic diagnosis; bat wings that did not fluoresce under UV light (n=88) were all histologically negative for WNS lesions. Punch biopsy samples as small as 3 mm taken from areas of wing with UV fluorescence were effective for identifying lesions diagnostic for WNS by histopathology. In a nonlethal biopsy-based study of 62 bats sampled (4-mm diameter) in hibernacula of the Czech Republic during 2012, 95.5% of fluorescent (n=22) and 100% of nonfluorescent (n=40) wing samples were confirmed by histopathology to be WNS positive and negative, respectively. This evidence supports use of long-wave UV light as a nonlethal and field-applicable method to screen bats for lesions indicative of WNS. Further, UV fluorescence can be used to guide targeted, nonlethal biopsy sampling for follow-up molecular testing, fungal culture analysis, and histologic confirmation of WNS. C1 [Turner, Gregory G.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17710 USA. [Meteyer, Carol Uphoff; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Barton, Hazel] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Gumbs, John F.] BATS Res Ctr, Shohola, PA 18458 USA. [Reeder, DeeAnn M.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17756 USA. [Overton, Barrie] Lock Haven Univ, Dept Biol, Lock Haven, PA 17745 USA. [Bandouchova, Hana; Pikula, Jiri] Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci Brno, Dept Ecol & Dis Game Fish & Bees, Brno 61242, Czech Republic. [Bartonicka, Tomas; Zukal, Jan] Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. [Martinkova, Natalia; Zukal, Jan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Vertebrate Biol, CS-60365 Brno, Czech Republic. [Martinkova, Natalia] Masaryk Univ, Inst Biostat & Anal, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. RP Meteyer, CU (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cmeteyer@usgs.gov RI Martinkova, Natalia/C-2939-2008; Zukal, Jan/G-1180-2014; Bartonicka, Tomas/J-2756-2014; OI Martinkova, Natalia/0000-0003-4556-4363; Zukal, Jan/0000-0003-4967-6880; Reeder, DeeAnn/0000-0001-8651-2012 FU US Geological Survey; Czech Science Foundation [P506/12/1064]; National Speleological Society FX We thank numerous state and federal biologists for submitting diagnostic specimens to NWHC, NWHC technicians for assistance with necropsies, Nathan Ramsay (NWHC) for laboratory photography, Craig Stihler (WV DNR) and Tina Cheng (UCSC) for field photography, Colleen Patterson-Pritcher, Cynthia Hauser, Lee DeWolski, and James Sinclair for assistance in the field, and Jeff Lorch (University of Wisconsin-Madison) for helpful suggestions during preparation of this manuscript. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey, the Czech Science Foundation (P506/12/1064), and the National Speleological Society. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 82 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 566 EP 573 DI 10.7589/2014-03-058 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AL1TQ UT WOS:000338909600017 PM 24854396 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA DeCicco, LH Ruthrauff, DR Krauss, S Hall, JS AF Johnson, James A. DeCicco, Lucas H. Ruthrauff, Daniel R. Krauss, Scott Hall, Jeffrey S. TI Avian Influenza Virus Antibodies in Pacific Coast Red Knots (Calidris canutus roselaari) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; avian influenza virus; Pacific Coast; Red Knot; seroprevalence; shorebirds; subtypes ID NORTH-AMERICA; A VIRUSES; PREVALENCE; SHOREBIRDS; HEMAGGLUTININ; MIGRATION; EXCHANGE; ALASKA AB Prevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) antibodies in the western Atlantic subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) is among the highest for any shorebird. To assess whether the frequency of detection of AIV antibodies is high for the species in general or restricted only to C. c. rufa, we sampled the northeastern Pacific Coast subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus roselaari) breeding in northwestern Alaska. Antibodies were detected in 90% of adults and none of the chicks sampled. Viral shedding was not detected in adults or chicks. These results suggest a predisposition of Red Knots to AIV infection. High antibody titers to subtypes H3 and H4 were detected, whereas low to intermediate antibody levels were found for subtypes H10 and H11. These four subtypes have previously been detected in shorebirds at Delaware Bay (at the border of New Jersey and Delaware) and in waterfowl along the Pacific Coast of North America. C1 [Johnson, James A.; DeCicco, Lucas H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Krauss, Scott] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jim_a_johnson@fws.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Avian Health Program; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C, HHSN266200700005C] FX We are grateful to F. Diaz, L. Eberhart-Phillips, N. Hajdukovich, A. Minoletti, N. R. Warnock, and N. Warnock for assisting with fieldwork, and S. Nashold, J. TeSlaa, and A. Danner for performing the laboratory analyses. We thank R. Lanctot, J. Pearce, A. Ramey, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments that improved the manuscript. This study was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Avian Health Program, and in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contracts HHSN266200700007C and HHSN266200700005C. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service and US Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 671 EP 675 DI 10.7589/2013-04-016 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AL1TQ UT WOS:000338909600032 PM 24807362 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Chandler, RB Sun, CC Fuller, AK AF Royle, J. Andrew Chandler, Richard B. Sun, Catherine C. Fuller, Angela K. TI Reply to Efford on 'Integrating resource selection information with spatial capture-recapture' SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE animal population sampling; capture-recapture; density estimation; modelling; population ecology AB 1. We proposed (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2013, 4) a model for combining telemetry data with spatial capture-recapture (SCR) data that was vigorously criticized by Efford (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2014, 000, 000). Efford's main claim was that our encounter probability model was incorrect, and therefore our R code and simulation results were wrong. 2. In fact, our encounter probability model is correct under the Poisson point process model that we used as a basis for our integrated model. On the other hand, the basis for Efford's claims clearly rest on the assumption of an alternative model which, while possibly useful, is distinct from that analysed in Royle et al. (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2013, 4). 3. A key point of Royle et al. (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2013, 4) was that active resource selection induces heterogeneity in encounter probability which, if unaccounted for, should bias estimates of population size or density. The models of Royle et al. (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2013, 4) and Efford (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2014, 000, 000) merely amount to alternative models of resource selection, and hence varying amounts of heterogeneity in encounter probability. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sun, Catherine C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov RI Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 IS 7 BP 603 EP 605 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12205 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6MT UT WOS:000339247500002 ER PT J AU Muhlfeld, CC Kovach, RP Jones, LA Al-Chokhachy, R Boyer, MC Leary, RF Lowe, WH Luikart, G Allendorf, FW AF Muhlfeld, Clint C. Kovach, Ryan P. Jones, Leslie A. Al-Chokhachy, Robert Boyer, Matthew C. Leary, Robb F. Lowe, Winsor H. Luikart, Gordon Allendorf, Fred W. TI Invasive hybridization in a threatened species is accelerated by climate change SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; MYKISS; SPREAD; CONSERVATION; RESPONSES; HYBRIDS; FUTURE AB Climate change will decrease worldwide biodiversity through a number of potential pathways(1), including invasive hybridization(2) (cross-breeding between invasive and native species). How climate warming influences the spread of hybridization and loss of native genomes poses diffcult ecological and evolutionary questions with little empirical information to guide conservation management decisions(3). Here we combine long-term genetic monitoring data with high-resolution climate and stream temperature predictions to evaluate how recent climate warming has influenced the spatio-temporal spread of human-mediated hybridization between threatened native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the world's most widely introduced invasive fish(4). Despite widespread release of millions of rainbow trout over the past century within the Flathead River system(5), a large relatively pristine watershed in western North America, historical samples revealed that hybridization was prevalent only in one (source) population. During a subsequent 30-year period of accelerated warming, hybridization spread rapidly and was strongly linked to interactions between climatic drivers-precipitation and temperature-and distance to the source population. Specifically, decreases in spring precipitation and increases in summer stream temperature probably promoted upstream expansion of hybridization throughout the system. This study shows that rapid climate warming can exacerbate interactions between native and non-native species through invasive hybridization, which could spell genomic extinction for many species. C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Jones, Leslie A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Kovach, Ryan P.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Jones, Leslie A.; Lowe, Winsor H.; Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Al-Chokhachy, Robert] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Boyer, Matthew C.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Leary, Robb F.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov FU Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Northwest Climate Science Center; USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Center; Bonneville Power Administration [199101903]; National Science Foundation [DEB-1050459, DEB-1258203]; NSF [DGE-1313190] FX We thank J. Huston (deceased) and L. Marnell for the historic genetic data; R. Hunt, S. Glutting, D. Belcer and M. Meeuwig for helping to collect the recent genetic samples; S. R. Phelps (deceased), S. Painter and S. Amish for their assistance in the lab; and G. Pederson, J. Kershner and B. Shepard for their comments. This work was funded by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative, the Northwest Climate Science Center, the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Center, Bonneville Power Administration grant #199101903 to Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and National Science Foundation grants DEB-1050459 and DEB-1258203. L.A.J. was supported by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, grant DGE-1313190. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 19 U2 128 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 4 IS 7 BP 620 EP 624 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2252 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL0SP UT WOS:000338837400030 ER PT J AU Boudreau, A Cheng, DM Ruiz, C Ribnicky, D Allain, L Brassieur, CR Turnipseed, DP Cefalu, WT Floyd, ZE AF Boudreau, Anik Cheng, Diana M. Ruiz, Carmen Ribnicky, David Allain, Larry Brassieur, C. Ray Turnipseed, D. Phil Cefalu, William T. Floyd, Z. Elizabeth TI Screening native botanicals for bioactivity: An interdisciplinary approach SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Metabolic syndrome; Inflammation; Obesity; Ethnobotany ID INSULIN-RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE-1; ARTEMISIA-DRACUNCULUS L; METABOLIC SYNDROME; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION; MACROPHAGES; MECHANISMS; RESISTANCE; EXTRACT AB Objective: Plant-based therapies have been used in medicine throughout recorded history. Information about the therapeutic properties of plants often can be found in local cultures as folk medicine is communicated from one generation to the next. The aim of this study was to identify native Louisiana plants from Creole folk medicine as a potential source of therapeutic compounds for the treatment of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and related disorders. Methods: We used an interdisciplinary approach combining expertise in disciplines ranging from cultural anthropology and botany to biochemistry and endocrinology to screen native southwest Louisiana plants. Translation of accounts of Creole folk medicine yielded a list of plants with documented use in treating a variety of conditions, including inflammation. These plants were collected, vouchered, and catalogued before extraction of soluble components. Extracts were analyzed for bioactivity in regulating inflammatory responses in macrophages or fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Results: Several extracts altered gene expression of inflammatory markers in macrophages. Multiplex analysis of kinase activation in insulin-signaling pathways in skeletal muscle also identified a subset of extracts that alter insulin-stimulated protein kinase B phosphorylation in the presence of fatty-acid-induced insulin resistance. Conclusion: An interdisciplinary approach to screening botanical sources of therapeutic agents can be successfully applied to identify native plants used in folk medicine as potential sources of therapeutic agents in treating insulin resistance in skeletal muscle or inflammatory processes associated with obesity-related insulin resistance. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Boudreau, Anik; Ruiz, Carmen; Cefalu, William T.; Floyd, Z. Elizabeth] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Cheng, Diana M.; Ribnicky, David] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Allain, Larry; Turnipseed, D. Phil] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Brassieur, C. Ray] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Floyd, ZE (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM Elizabeth.Floyd@pbrc.edu FU National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine [P50 AT002776-01]; Office of Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health training grant [T32: 5 T32 AT004094-04]; NIH [1 U54 GM104940] FX AB, CR, ZEF, DR, IR, and WTC were supported by P50 AT002776-01 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and the Office of Dietary Supplements, which funds the Botanical Research Center. DMC was supported by National Institutes of Health training grant T32: 5 T32 AT004094-04. WTC is also supported in part by NIH grant 1 U54 GM104940. AB and CR designed and conducted the experiments and evaluated data related to insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. DMC designed, processed, and evaluated anti-inflammatory data and contributed to the drafting of the manuscript. AB contributed to the drafting and editing of the manuscript. DR developed the botanical extraction method and participated in data interpretation. LA acquired, catalogued, and vouchered the plant material. CRB translated the Creole dialect in the 1933 Bienvenu thesis. DPT contributed to collection of plant specimens. WTC participated in overall study conception and determining insulin-signaling targets in skeletal muscle and data interpretation. ZEF participated in data interpretation related to insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and drafted the manuscript. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 EI 1873-1244 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 7-8 SU S BP S11 EP S16 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.028 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AL7ID UT WOS:000339306500003 PM 24985099 ER PT J AU Oster, JL Montanez, IP Mertz-Kraus, R Sharp, WD Stock, GM Spero, HJ Tinsley, J Zachos, JC AF Oster, Jessica L. Montanez, Isabel P. Mertz-Kraus, Regina Sharp, Warren D. Stock, Greg M. Spero, Howard J. Tinsley, John Zachos, James C. TI Millennial-scale variations in western Sierra Nevada precipitation during the last glacial cycle MIS 4/3 transition SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Speleothem; Sierra Nevada; Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles; MIS 3; MIS 4 ID ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE VARIATIONS; ICE-AGE TERMINATIONS; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALCITE FABRICS; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BASIN; HALF-LIVES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS AB Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles had far-reaching effects on Northern Hemisphere and tropical climate systems during the last glacial period, yet the climatic response to D-O cycles in western North America is controversial, especially prior to 55 ka. We document changes in precipitation along the western slope of the central Sierra Nevada during early Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages (MIS) 3 and 4 (55-67 ka) from a U-series dated speleothem record from McLean's Cave. The timing of our multi-proxy geochemical dataset is coeval with D-O interstadials (15-18) and stadials, including Heinrich Event 6. The McLean's Cave stalagmite indicates warmer and drier conditions during Greenland interstadials (GISs 15-18), signified by elevated delta O-18, delta C-13, reflectance, and trace element concentrations, and less radiogenic Sr-87/Sr-88. Our record extends evidence of a strong linkage between high-latitude warming and reduced precipitation in western North America to early MIS 3 and MIS 4. This record shows that the linkage persists in diverse global climate states, and documents the nature of the climatic response in central California to Heinrich Event 6. (C) 2014 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Oster, Jessica L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Montanez, Isabel P.; Spero, Howard J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mertz-Kraus, Regina; Sharp, Warren D.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Stock, Greg M.] Yosemite Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Yosemite Village, CA USA. [Tinsley, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zachos, James C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Oster, JL (reprint author), 5726 Stevenson Ctr,7th Floor, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. EM jessica.l.oster@vanderbilt.edu RI Mertz-Kraus, Regina/K-3558-2014; OI Mertz-Kraus, Regina/0000-0002-5122-4480; Oster, Jessica/0000-0002-1780-2435; Spero, Howard/0000-0001-5465-8607 FU NSF [0823656, 0823541, 1203701] FX N.P. Kelley, DJ. Furbish, and J. M. Gilligan provided valuable insight for statistical analyses. C. Haughy provided marble samples from the Columbia Quarry, and B. Rogers assisted in stalagmite collection. G. Barfod was essential in the collection of trace element data. This manuscript benefited from the input of two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by NSF grants 0823656 (IPM), 0823541 (WDS), and 1203701 (JLO). NR 106 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 82 IS 1 BP 236 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.04.010 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AL4XP UT WOS:000339138400023 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Lu, Z Jones, JW Shum, CK Lee, H Jia, YY AF Kim, Jin-Woo Lu, Zhong Jones, John W. Shum, C. K. Lee, Hyongki Jia, Yuanyuan TI Monitoring Everglades freshwater marsh water level synthetic aperture radar backscatter SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Everglades; SAR; InSAR; Backscatter coefficient; Wetland hydrology ID L-BAND SAR; AMAZON FLOODPLAIN; COASTAL WETLANDS; INUNDATION AREA; VEGETATION; DEFORMATION; INTERFEROMETRY; IMAGERY; FLORIDA; SYSTEM AB The Florida Everglades plays a significant role in controlling floods, improving water quality, supporting ecosystems, and maintaining biodiversity in south Florida. Adaptive restoration and management of the Everglades requires the best information possible regarding wetland hydrology. We developed a new and innovative approach to quantify spatial and temporal variations in wetland water levels within the Everglades, Florida. We observed high correlations between water level measured at in situ gages and L-band SAR backscatter coefficients in the freshwater marsh, though C-band SAR backscatter has no close relationship with water level. Here we illustrate the complementarity of SAR backscatter coefficient differencing and interferometry (InSAR) for improved estimation of high spatial resolution water level variations in the Everglades. This technique has a certain limitation in applying to swamp forests with dense vegetation cover, but we conclude that this new method is promising in future applications to wetland hydrology research. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kim, Jin-Woo; Shum, C. K.; Jia, Yuanyuan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Jones, John W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Shum, C. K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Lee, Hyongki] Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Geodesy & Geospatial Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kim.2364@osu.edu NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 150 BP 66 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.031 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AL3OG UT WOS:000339037500006 ER PT J AU Robinson, LF Adkins, JF Frank, N Gagnon, AC Prouty, NG Roark, EB van de Flierdt, T AF Robinson, Laura F. Adkins, Jess F. Frank, Norbert Gagnon, Alexander C. Prouty, Nancy G. Roark, E. Brendan van de Flierdt, Tina TI The geochemistry of deep-sea coral skeletons: A review of vital effects and applications for palaeoceanography (vol 99, pg 184, 2014) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Correction C1 [Robinson, Laura F.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Robinson, Laura F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Adkins, Jess F.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Frank, Norbert] IPSL, LSCE, UMR8212, Unite Mixte Rech, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gagnon, Alexander C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Prouty, Nancy G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Roark, E. Brendan] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [van de Flierdt, Tina] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Robinson, LF (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM laura.robinson@bristol.ac.uk RI Roark, Erin/D-4124-2013; OI Roark, Erin/0000-0002-1742-9642; Robinson, Laura/0000-0001-6811-0140 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 105 BP 118 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.05.001 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AL2TP UT WOS:000338978700009 ER PT J AU Hofgartner, JD Hayes, AG Lunine, JI Zebker, H Stiles, BW Sotin, C Barnes, JW Turtle, EP Baines, KH Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Encrenaz, P Kirk, RD Le Gall, A Lopes, RM Lorenz, RD Malaska, MJ Mitchell, KL Nicholson, PD Paillou, P Radebaugh, J Wall, SD Wood, C AF Hofgartner, J. D. Hayes, A. G. Lunine, J. I. Zebker, H. Stiles, B. W. Sotin, C. Barnes, J. W. Turtle, E. P. Baines, K. H. Brown, R. H. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Encrenaz, P. Kirk, R. D. Le Gall, A. Lopes, R. M. Lorenz, R. D. Malaska, M. J. Mitchell, K. L. Nicholson, P. D. Paillou, P. Radebaugh, J. Wall, S. D. Wood, C. TI Transient features in a Titan sea SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METHANE CYCLE; RADAR; LAKES; ICE; SURFACE AB Titan's surface-atmosphere system bears remarkable similarities to Earth's, the most striking being an active, global methane cycle akin to Earth's water cycle(1,2). Like the hydrological cycle of Earth, Titan's seasonal methane cycle is driven by changes in the distribution of solar energy(2). The Cassini spacecraft, which arrived at Saturn in 2004 in the midst of northern winter and southern summer, has observed surface changes, including shoreline recession, at Titan's south pole3,4 and equator(5). However, active surface processes have yet to be confirmed in the lakes and seas in Titan's north polar region(6-8). As the 2017 northern summer solstice approaches, the onset of dynamic phenomena in this region is expected(6,7,9-12). Here we present the discovery of bright features in recent Cassini RADAR data that appeared in Titan's northern sea, Ligeia Mare, in July 2013 and disappeared in subsequent observations. We suggest that these bright features are best explained by the occurrence of ephemeral phenomena such as surface waves, rising bubbles, and suspended or floating solids. We suggest that our observations are an initial glimpse of dynamic processes that are commencing in the northern lakes and seas as summer nears in the northern hemisphere. C1 [Hofgartner, J. D.; Hayes, A. G.; Lunine, J. I.; Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zebker, H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stiles, B. W.; Sotin, C.; Baines, K. H.; Buratti, B. J.; Lopes, R. M.; Malaska, M. J.; Mitchell, K. L.; Wall, S. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Barnes, J. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Turtle, E. P.; Lorenz, R. D.] JHU Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, R. N.] USGS Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Encrenaz, P.] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Kirk, R. D.] USGS Astrogeol Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Le Gall, A.] LATMOS UVSQ, F-78280 Paris, France. [Paillou, P.] Univ Bordeaux, F-33271 Bordeaux, France. [Radebaugh, J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wood, C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hofgartner, JD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jhofgartner@astro.cornell.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Malaska, Michael/0000-0003-0064-5258 FU Cassini Project; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NASA [NNX13AG03G] FX J.D.H. gratefully acknowledges the Cassini RADAR and VIMS Teams for the data and the opportunity to lead the analysis and the Cassini Project and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Post Graduate Scholarship Program for financial support. A.G.H. was partially supported by NASA grant NNX13AG03G. A portion of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 7 IS 7 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1038/NGEO2190 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL0QV UT WOS:000338832700008 ER PT J AU Schlaepfer, DR Lauenroth, WK Bradford, JB AF Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Lauenroth, William K. Bradford, John B. TI Natural Regeneration Processes in Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE recruitment; sagebrush steppe; Sage-Grouse habitat; seedlings; seeds ID SEED PRODUCTION; GREAT-BASIN; PREDICTING GERMINATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST; WYOMING SAGEBRUSH; POSTFIRE RECOVERY; SSP WYOMINGENSIS; NORTHERN NEVADA AB Big sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata Nuttall (Asteraceae), is the dominant plant species of large portions of semiarid western North America. However, much of historical big sagebrush vegetation has been removed or modified. Thus, regeneration is recognized as an important component for land management. Limited knowledge about key regeneration processes, however, represents an obstacle to identifying successful management practices and to gaining greater insight into the consequences of increasing disturbance frequency and global change. Therefore, our objective is to synthesize knowledge about natural big sagebrush regeneration. We identified and characterized the controls of big sagebrush seed production, germination, and establishment. The largest knowledge gaps and associated research needs include quiescence and dormancy of embryos and seedlings; variation in seed production and germination percentages; wet-thermal time model of germination; responses to frost events (including freezing/thawing of soils), CO2 concentration, and nutrients in combination with water availability; suitability of microsite vs. site conditions; competitive ability as well as seedling growth responses; and differences among subspecies and ecoregions. Potential impacts of climate change on big sagebrush regeneration could include that temperature increases may not have a large direct influence on regeneration due to the broad temperature optimum for regeneration, whereas indirect effects could include selection for populations with less stringent seed dormancy. Drier conditions will have direct negative effects on germination and seedling survival and could also lead to lighter seeds, which lowers germination success further. The short seed dispersal distance of big sagebrush may limit its tracking of suitable climate; whereas, the low competitive ability of big sagebrush seedlings may limit successful competition with species that track climate. An improved understanding of the ecology of big sagebrush regeneration should benefit resource management activities and increase the ability of land managers to anticipate global change impacts. C1 [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Schlaepfer, DR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dschlaep@uwyo.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Schlaepfer, Daniel/D-1756-2009 OI Schlaepfer, Daniel/0000-0001-9973-2065 FU US Geological Survey, Southern Rockies Landscape Conservation Cooperative [G11AC20366]; North Central Climate Science Center [G12AC20504]; University of Wyoming FX Research was funded by the US Geological Survey, Southern Rockies Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Grant G11AC20366, North Central Climate Science Center, Grant G12AC20504, and the University of Wyoming. NR 159 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 11 U2 50 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 IS 4 BP 344 EP 357 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00079.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL1UW UT WOS:000338912800002 ER PT J AU Berger, KA Ginsberg, HS Gonzalez, L Mather, TN AF Berger, K. A. Ginsberg, H. S. Gonzalez, L. Mather, T. N. TI Relative Humidity and Activity Patterns of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; relative humidity; tick activity ID BLACKLEGGED TICK ACARI; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LYME-DISEASE; ABUNDANCE; NYMPHS; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; PRECIPITATION; POPULATION; CLIMATE AB Laboratory studies have shown clear relationships between relative humidity (RH) and the activity and survival of Ixodes scapularis Say (blacklegged tick). However, field studies have produced conflicting results. We examined this relationship using weekly tick count totals and hourly RH observations at three field sites, stratified by latitude, within the state of Rhode Island. Records of nymphal tick abundance were compared with several RH-related variables (e.g., RH at time of sampling and mean weekly daytime RH). In total, 825 nymphs were sampled in 2009, a year of greater precipitation, with a weighted average leaf litter RH recorded at time of sampling of 85.22%. Alternatively, 649 nymphs were collected in 2010, a year of relatively low precipitation, and a weighted average RH recorded at time of sampling was 75.51%. Negative binomial regression analysis of tick count totals identified cumulative hours <82% RH threshold as a significant factor observed in both years (2009: P = 0.0037; 2010: P < 0.0001). Mean weekly daytime RH did not significantly predict tick activity in either year. However, mean weekly daytime RH recorded with 1-wk lag before sample date was a significant variable (P = 0.0016) in 2010. These results suggest a lag effect between moisture availability and patterns of tick activity and abundance. Differences in the relative importance of each RH variable between years may have been due to abnormally wet summer conditions in 2009. C1 [Berger, K. A.; Mather, T. N.] Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ginsberg, H. S.] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Coastal Field Stn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Gonzalez, L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Berger, KA (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM kaberger@ucalgary.ca FU Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension [HI-672]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education [USDA-CSREES-SRGP-2009-3452-20120, USDA-CSREES-SRGP-2010-34520-21690]; Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station [5347] FX We would like to thank Y.Q. Wang and Roland Duhaime for their assistance obtaining Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) pixel grid coordinates and GIS surface layers used in establishing the experimental design, and David Nelson, David Curtis, Jackie Hall, and Jared Carr for their assistance with field studies. We also are extremely grateful to the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM) and Providence Water Supply Board for access to the protected management areas in this study. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was funded in part by Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension grant HI-672 (T.N.M.), and U.S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-Special Research Grants Program (USDA-CSREES-SRGP-2009-3452-20120 and USDA-CSREES-SRGP-2010-34520-21690; T.N.M.). It is contribution number 5347 of the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 27 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 51 IS 4 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1603/ME13186 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA AL0TW UT WOS:000338840700006 PM 25118408 ER PT J AU Duffy, TA Iwanowicz, LR McCormick, SD AF Duffy, T. A. Iwanowicz, L. R. McCormick, S. D. TI Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruptor; Estradiol; Nonylphenol; Atlantic salmon; Vitellogenin; Life stage ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; TREATMENT WORKS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SMALLMOUTH BASS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ENGLISH RIVERS; GROWTH-HORMONE AB Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar) are endangered anadromous fish that may be exposed to feminizing endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) during early development, potentially altering physiological capacities, survival and fitness. To assess differential life stage sensitivity to common EDCs, we carried out short-term (4 day) exposures using three doses each of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and nonylphenol (NP) on four early life stages; embryos, yolk-sac larvae, feeding fry and 1 year old smolts. Differential response was compared using vitellogenin (Vtg, a precursor egg protein) gene transcription. Smolts were also examined for impacts on plasma Vtg, cortisol, thyroid hormones (T-4/T-3) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). Compound-related mortality was not observed in any life stage, but Vtg mRNA was elevated in a dose-dependent manner in yolk-sac larvae, fry and smolts but not in embryos. The estrogens EE2 and E2 were consistently stronger inducers of Vtg than NP. Embryos responded significantly to the highest concentration of EE2 only, while older life stages responded to the highest doses of all three compounds, as well as intermediate doses of EE2 and E2. Maximal transcription was greater for fry among the three earliest life stages, suggesting fry may be the most responsive life stage in early development. Smolt plasma Vtg was also significantly increased, and this response was observed at lower doses of each compound than was detected by gene transcription suggesting plasma Vtg is a more sensitive indicator at this life stage. HSI was increased at the highest doses of EE2 and E2, and plasma T-3 was decreased at the highest dose of EE2. Our results indicate that all life stages are potentially sensitive to endocrine disruption by estrogenic compounds and that physiological responses were altered over a short window of exposure, indicating the potential for these compounds to impact fish in the wild. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Duffy, T. A.; McCormick, S. D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Iwanowicz, L. R.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Duffy, TA (reprint author), Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. EM tduffy@lumcon.edu OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU NOAA [EA133F10NC2729]; USGS Mendenhall Fellowship; USGS Fisheries and Contaminants Programs FX The authors would like to thank M. O'Dea for fish care, A. Regish and A. Christensen for help in validating the EIA assay, M. Nichols and A. Sperry with help in water sample extractions, J. Breves for qPCR analysis, and K. Peck for sharing the EIA protocol. We thank A. Elskus for her helpful comments during manuscript revisions and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. We also thank White River National Fish Hatchery for generously donating early life stage salmon for this work, and the Kensington Atlantic State Fishing Hatchery for donation of smolts. Additionally, we thank J. Sanseverino of the Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee (Knoxville, TN) for kindly providing strain BLYES. This research was funded by NOAA-grant EA133F10NC2729 and a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship to T. Duffy. This research was partially funded by the USGS Fisheries and Contaminants Programs to L. Iwanowicz and S.D. McCormick. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 152 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.015 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AK7KN UT WOS:000338607300001 PM 24713117 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Mahler, BJ AF Van Metre, Peter C. Mahler, Barbara J. TI PAH Concentrations in Lake Sediment Decline Following Ban on Coal-Tar-Based Pavement Sealants in Austin, Texas SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; UNITED-STATES; SEALCOAT; URBAN; CONTAMINANTS; TOXICITY; TRENDS; DUST AB Recent studies have concluded that coal-tar-based pavement sealants are a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAT-Is) in urban settings in large parts of the United States. In 2006, Austin, TX, became the first jurisdiction in the U.S. to ban the use of coal-tar sealants. We evaluated the effect of Austin's ban by analyzing PAHs in sediment cores and bottom-sediment samples collected in 1998, 2000, 2001, 2012, and 2014 from Lady Bird Lake, the principal receiving water body for Austin urban runoff. The sum concentration of the 16 EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs (Sigma PAH(16)) in dated core intervals and surficial bottom-sediment samples collected from sites in the lower lake declined about 44% from 1998-2005 to 2006-2014 (means of 7980 and 4500 mu g kg(-1), respectively), and by 2012-2014, the decline was about 58% (mean of 3320 mu g kg(-1)). Concentrations of Sigma PAH(16) in bottom sediment from two of three mid-lake sites decreased by about 71 and 35% from 2001 to 2014. Concentrations at a third site increased by about 14% from 2001 to 2014. The decreases since 2006 reverse a 40-year (1959-1998) upward trend. Despite declines in PAH concentrations, PAH profiles and source-receptor modeling results indicate that coal-tar sealants remain the largest PAH source to the lake, implying that PAH concentrations likely will continue to decline as stocks of previously applied sealant gradually become depleted. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 13 BP 7222 EP 7228 DI 10.1021/es405691q PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK5TG UT WOS:000338488700006 PM 24930435 ER PT J AU Noel, M Spence, J Harris, KA Robbins, CT Fortin, JK Ross, PS Christensen, JR AF Noel, Marie Spence, Jody Harris, Kate A. Robbins, Charles T. Fortin, Jennifer K. Ross, Peter S. Christensen, Jennie R. TI Grizzly Bear Hair Reveals Toxic Exposure to Mercury through Salmon Consumption SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; LA-ICP-MS; LASER-ABLATION; FISH CONSUMPTION; METHYL MERCURY; BROWN BEARS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TRACE-ELEMENTS; POLAR BEARS; SINGLE HAIR AB Mercury obtained from the diet accumulates in mammalian hair as it grows thus preserving a record of mercury intake over the growth period of a given hair segment. We adapted a microanalysis approach, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, to characterize temporal changes in mercury exposure and uptake in wild and captive grizzly bears. Captive grizzlies fed diets containing known and varied amounts of mercury provided data to allow prediction of Hg ingestion rates in wild bears. Here, we show, for the first time, that 70% of the coastal grizzly bears sampled had Hg levels exceeding the neurochemical effect level proposed for polar bears. In a context where the international community is taking global actions to reduce Hg emissions through the "Minamata Convention on Mercury", our study provides valuable information on the exposure to mercury of these grizzly bears already under many threats. C1 [Noel, Marie; Harris, Kate A.; Christensen, Jennie R.] Stantec Consulting Ltd, Sidney, BC V8L 4X2, Canada. [Spence, Jody] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Bob Wright Ctr, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fortin, Jennifer K.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ross, Peter S.] Vancouver Aquarium, Ocean Pollut Sci Program, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada. RP Christensen, JR (reprint author), Stantec Consulting Ltd, 2042 Mills Rd,Unit 11, Sidney, BC V8L 4X2, Canada. EM jennie.christensen@stantec.com FU Stantec Research and Development Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Industrial Research and Development Fellowship Program; Seaver Institute; National Geographic Foundation FX We would like to thank the Raincoast Conservation Foundation, the British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land, and Air Protection (BC MWLAP), Conservation Officers and Compulsory Inspectors, Guide and Outfitting Association of BC (GOABC). and Knight Inlet Lodge. We acknowledge the assistance and feedback of Tony Hamilton, Adam Kent, Matt Loewen, Misty MacDuffee, Steve Parker, Helen Schwantje, Kevin Telmer, and Andy Ungerer. This research was funded internally through the Stantec Research and Development Program. Funding was also provided, in part, through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Industrial Research and Development Fellowship Program, the Seaver Institute and National Geographic Foundation. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 13 BP 7560 EP 7567 DI 10.1021/es500631g PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK5TG UT WOS:000338488700046 PM 24904971 ER PT J AU Sun, RY Sonke, JE Heimburger, LE Belkin, HE Liu, GJ Shome, D Cukrowska, E Liousse, C Pokrovsky, OS Streets, DG AF Sun, Ruoyu Sonke, Jeroen E. Heimbuerger, Lars-Eric Belkin, Harvey E. Liu, Guijian Shome, Debasish Cukrowska, Ewa Liousse, Catherine Pokrovsky, Oleg S. Streets, David G. TI Mercury Stable Isotope Signatures of World Coal Deposits and Historical Coal Combustion Emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-INDEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; FIRED POWER-PLANTS; ATMOSPHERE; CHINA; HG AB Mercury (Hg) emissions from coal combustion contribute approximately half of anthropogenic Hg emissions to the atmosphere. With the implementation of the first legally binding UNEP treaty aimed at reducing anthropogenic Hg emissions, the identification and traceability of Hg emissions from different countries/regions are critically important. Here, we present a comprehensive world coal Hg stable isotope database including 108 new coal samples from major coal-producing deposits in South Africa, China, Europe, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, former USSR, and the U.S. A 4.7 parts per thousand range in delta Hg-202 (-3.9 to 0.8 parts per thousand) and a 1 parts per thousand range in Delta Hg-199 (-0.6 to 0.4 parts per thousand) are observed. Fourteen (p < 0.05) to 17 (p < 0.1) of the 28 pairwise comparisons between eight global regions are statistically distinguishable on the basis of delta Hg-202, Delta Hg-199 or both, highlighting the potential application of Hg isotope signatures to coal Hg emissions tracing. A revised coal combustion Hg isotope fractionation model is presented, and suggests that gaseous elemental coal Hg emissions are enriched in the heavier Hg isotopes relative to oxidized forms of emitted Hg. The model explains to first order the published delta Hg-202 observations on near-field Hg deposition from a power plant and global scale atmospheric gaseous Hg. Yet, model uncertainties appear too large at present to permit straightforward Hg isotope source identification of atmospheric forms of Hg. Finally, global historical (1850-2008) coal Hg isotope emission curves were modeled and indicate modern-day mean delta Hg-202 and Delta Hg-199 values for bulk coal emissions of -1.2 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand (1SD) and 0.05 +/- 0.06 parts per thousand (1SD). C1 [Sun, Ruoyu; Sonke, Jeroen E.; Heimbuerger, Lars-Eric; Pokrovsky, Oleg S.] Univ Toulouse, Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Geosci Environm Toulouse, CNRS,IRD, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Sun, Ruoyu; Liu, Guijian] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, CAS Key Lab Crust Mantle Mat & Environm, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Shome, Debasish] Jadavpur Univ, Dept Geol, Kolkata 700032, India. [Cukrowska, Ewa] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Chem, Inst Mol Sci, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Liousse, Catherine] Univ Toulouse, Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Aerol Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Pokrovsky, Oleg S.] Tomsk State Univ, BIOGEOCLIM Lab, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, RY (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Geosci Environm Toulouse, CNRS,IRD, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM roysun1986@gmail.com; sonke@get.obs-mip.fr RI Liu, Guijian/M-9597-2014; 若愚, 孙/F-3823-2010; OI 若愚, 孙/0000-0001-7261-8377; Heimburger, Lars-Eric/0000-0003-0632-5183; Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 FU French Agence Nationale de Recherche [ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01]; European Research Council [ERC-2010-StG_20091028]; Midi-Pyrenees Observatory BQR grant; Chinese Scholarship Council; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK2080000062]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2014CB238903]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41173032, 41373110]; Tomsk State University [14.B25.31.0001] FX This work is supported by research grants ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01 from the French Agence Nationale de Recherche and ERC-2010-StG_20091028 from the European Research Council to JES, and a Midi-Pyrenees Observatory BQR grant to CL and JES. RS thank Chinese Scholarship Council for his PhD scholarship and support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2080000062). GL acknowledges support from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB238903) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41173032 and 41373110). Partial support from grant No. 14.B25.31.0001 of Tomsk State University is also acknowledged. We thank Reshmi Das for help with coal from India, Andrey Bychkov and Boris Pokrovsky for some coal samples from the USSR, Clinton Scott for help with USGS coal samples and Jerome Chmeleff for maintaining the OMP Neptune. We thank Nicholas Geboy and three anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 98 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 13 BP 7660 EP 7668 DI 10.1021/es501208a PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK5TG UT WOS:000338488700057 PM 24905585 ER PT J AU Servanty, S Converse, SJ Bailey, LL AF Servanty, Sabrina Converse, Sarah J. Bailey, Larissa L. TI Demography of a reintroduced population: moving toward management models for an endangered species, the Whooping Crane SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; demographic estimates; Grus americana; management modeling; MCMC; multi-state models; population viability analysis, reintroduction; state-space models ID WILD ANIMAL POPULATIONS; STATE-SPACE MODELS; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; RECAPTURE MODELS; CONSERVATION; BIOLOGY; TRANSLOCATIONS; SUCCESS; RATES AB The reintroduction of threatened and endangered species is now a common method for reestablishing populations. Typically, a fundamental objective of reintroduction is to establish a self-sustaining population. Estimation of demographic parameters in reintroduced populations is critical, as these estimates serve multiple purposes. First, they support evaluation of progress toward the fundamental objective via construction of population viability analyses (PVAs) to predict metrics such as probability of persistence. Second, PVAs can be expanded to support evaluation of management actions, via management modeling. Third, the estimates themselves can support evaluation of the demographic performance of the reintroduced population (e. g., via comparison with wild populations). For each of these purposes, thorough treatment of uncertainties in the estimates is critical. Recently developed statistical methods (namely, hierarchical Bayesian implementations of state-space models) allow for effective integration of different types of uncertainty in estimation. We undertook a demographic estimation effort for a reintroduced population of endangered Whooping Cranes with the purpose of ultimately developing a Bayesian PVA for determining progress toward establishing a self-sustaining population, and for evaluating potential management actions via a Bayesian PVA-based management model. We evaluated individual and temporal variation in demographic parameters based upon a multi-state, mark-recapture model. We found that survival was relatively high across time and varied little by sex. There was some indication that survival varied by release method. Survival was similar to that observed in the wild population. Although overall reproduction in this reintroduced population is poor, birds formed social pairs when relatively young, and once a bird was in a social pair, it had a nearly 50% chance of nesting the following breeding season. Also, once a bird had nested, it had a high probability of nesting again. These results are encouraging, considering that survival and reproduction have been major challenges in past reintroductions of this species. The demographic estimates developed will support construction of a management model designed to facilitate exploration of management actions of interest, and will provide critical guidance in future planning for this reintroduction. An approach similar to what we describe could be usefully applied to many reintroduced populations. C1 [Servanty, Sabrina] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Servanty, Sabrina; Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Servanty, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sab.servanty@free.fr RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for financial support. We thank Colorado State University, the Colorado Cooperative Research Unit, and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for institutional support. Many individuals in the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership contributed to data used here; in particular we acknowledge R. P. Urbanek. In addition, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources contributed substantially to database development. We kindly thank E. Zipkin and R. Chandler for their advice on analysis code. B. Kendall and one anonymous reviewer provided useful comments on the draft manuscript. The use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 17 U2 115 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 927 EP 937 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700003 PM 25154087 ER PT J AU Sohl, TL Sayler, KL Bouchard, MA Reker, RR Friesz, AM Bennett, SL Sleeter, BM Sleeter, RR Wilson, T Soulard, C Knuppe, M Van Hofwegen, T AF Sohl, Terry L. Sayler, Kristi L. Bouchard, Michelle A. Reker, Ryan R. Friesz, Aaron M. Bennett, Stacie L. Sleeter, Benjamin M. Sleeter, Rachel R. Wilson, Tamara Soulard, Chris Knuppe, Michelle Van Hofwegen, Travis TI Spatially explicit modeling of 1992-2100 land cover and forest stand age for the conterminous United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE FORE-SCE; land cover; land use; model; projection; scenario; United States ID GLOBAL-SCALE; SCENARIOS; FUTURE; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; ASSESSMENTS; COMPLETION; STRATEGY; DATABASE; IMPACT AB Information on future land-use and land-cover (LULC) change is needed to analyze the impact of LULC change on ecological processes. The U.S. Geological Survey has produced spatially explicit, thematically detailed LULC projections for the conterminous United States. Four qualitative and quantitative scenarios of LULC change were developed, with characteristics consistent with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES). The four quantified scenarios (A1B, A2, B1, and B2) served as input to the forecasting scenarios of land-use change (FORE-SCE) model. Four spatially explicit data sets consistent with scenario storylines were produced for the conterminous United States, with annual LULC maps from 1992 through 2100. The future projections are characterized by a loss of natural land covers in most scenarios, with corresponding expansion of anthropogenic land uses. Along with the loss of natural land covers, remaining natural land covers experience increased fragmentation under most scenarios, with only the B2 scenario remaining relatively stable in both the proportion of remaining natural land covers and basic fragmentation measures. Forest stand age was also modeled. By 2100, scenarios and ecoregions with heavy forest cutting had relatively lower mean stand ages compared to those with less forest cutting. Stand ages differed substantially between unprotected and protected forest lands, as well as between different forest classes. The modeled data were compared to the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and other data sources to assess model characteristics. The consistent, spatially explicit, and thematically detailed LULC projections and the associated forest stand-age data layers have been used to analyze LULC impacts on carbon and greenhouse gas fluxes, biodiversity, climate and weather variability, hydrologic change, and other ecological processes. C1 [Sohl, Terry L.; Sayler, Kristi L.; Bouchard, Michelle A.; Reker, Ryan R.; Friesz, Aaron M.; Bennett, Stacie L.; Knuppe, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bouchard, Michelle A.; Reker, Ryan R.] Inuteq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Friesz, Aaron M.] Informat Dynam, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bennett, Stacie L.; Van Hofwegen, Travis] SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Sleeter, Rachel R.; Wilson, Tamara; Soulard, Chris] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sohl, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sohl@usgs.gov RI Reker, Ryan/G-4875-2016; OI Reker, Ryan/0000-0001-7524-0082; Bouchard, Michelle/0000-0002-6353-3491; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231; Soulard, Christopher/0000-0002-5777-9516 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Program; USGS [G10PC00044, 08PC91508] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Program. Michelle Bouchard and Ryan Reker's participation was supported through USGS contract G10PC00044. Participation of Stacie Bennett, Aaron Friesz, and Travis Van Hofwegen was supported through USGS Contract 08PC91508. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1036 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700010 PM 25154094 ER PT J AU Crimmins, SM Dobrowski, SZ Mynsberge, AR Safford, HD AF Crimmins, Shawn M. Dobrowski, Solomon Z. Mynsberge, Alison R. Safford, Hugh D. TI Can fire atlas data improve species distribution model projections? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE California, USA; climate change; disturbance; fire; fire return interval; niche; species distribution model; transferability; vascular plant species ID BIOCLIMATE ENVELOPE MODELS; DRIVE DOWNHILL SHIFTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; WATER-BALANCE; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; OPTIMUM ELEVATIONS; GLOBAL CHANGE; PREDICTION AB Correlative species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in studies of climate change impacts, yet are often criticized for failing to incorporate disturbance processes that can influence species distributions. Here we use two temporally independent data sets of vascular plant distributions, climate data, and fire atlas data to examine the influence of disturbance history on SDM projection accuracy through time in the mountain ranges of California, USA. We used hierarchical partitioning to examine the influence of fire occurrence on the distribution of 144 vascular plant species and built a suite of SDMs to examine how the inclusion of fire-related predictors (fire occurrence and departure from historical fire return intervals) affects SDM projection accuracy. Fire occurrence provided the least explanatory power among predictor variables for predicting species' distributions, but provided improved explanatory power for species whose regeneration is tied closely to fire. A measure of the departure from historic fire return interval had greater explanatory power for calibrating modern SDMs than fire occurrence. This variable did not improve internal model accuracy for most species, although it did provide marginal improvement to models for species adapted to high-frequency fire regimes. Fire occurrence and fire return interval departure were strongly related to the climatic covariates used in SDM development, suggesting that improvements in model accuracy may not be expected due to limited additional explanatory power. Our results suggest that the inclusion of coarse-scale measures of disturbance in SDMs may not be necessary to predict species distributions under climate change, particularly for disturbance processes that are largely mediated by climate. C1 [Crimmins, Shawn M.; Dobrowski, Solomon Z.; Mynsberge, Alison R.] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Crimmins, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM scrimmins@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0819430]; USDA Forest Service [JV11221635-201]; Montana Institute on Ecosystems; NSF EPSCoR [EPS-1101342]; University of Montana FX Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (BCS-0819430), the USDA Forest Service (JV11221635-201), the Montana Institute on Ecosystems (as supported by NSF EPSCoR grant EPS-1101342), and the University of Montana. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of these funding entities. D. Affleck, R. Callaway, M. Hebblewhite, and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1057 EP 1069 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700012 PM 25154096 ER PT J AU Penaloza, CL Kendall, WL Langtimm, CA AF Penaloza, Claudia L. Kendall, William L. Langtimm, Catherine A. TI Reducing bias in survival under nonrandom temporary emigration SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bias reduction; Florida manatees; incidental observations; Markovian emigration; mark-recapture; program MARK simulations; recoveries; resightings; robust design; telemetry; survival estimation; Trichechus manatus latirostris ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; MANATEES TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; BAND-RECOVERY DATA; MARK-RECAPTURE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MULTISTATE MODELS; FLORIDA MANATEES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANIMALS AB Despite intensive monitoring, temporary emigration from the sampling area can induce bias severe enough for managers to discard survival parameter estimates toward the terminus of the times series (terminal bias). Under random temporary emigration, unbiased parameters can be estimated with CJS models. However, unmodeled Markovian temporary emigration causes bias in parameter estimates, and an unobservable state is required to model this type of emigration. The robust design is most flexible when modeling temporary emigration, and partial solutions to mitigate bias have been identified; nonetheless, there are conditions were terminal bias prevails. Long-lived species with high adult survival and highly variable nonrandom temporary emigration present terminal bias in survival estimates, despite being modeled with the robust design and suggested constraints. Because this bias is due to uncertainty about the fate of individuals that are undetected toward the end of the time series, solutions should involve using additional information on survival status or location of these individuals at that time. Using simulation, we evaluated the performance of models that jointly analyze robust design data and an additional source of ancillary data (predictive covariate on temporary emigration, telemetry, dead recovery, or auxiliary resightings) in reducing terminal bias in survival estimates. The auxiliary resighting and predictive covariate models reduced terminal bias the most. Additional telemetry data were effective at reducing terminal bias only when individuals were tracked for a minimum of two years. High adult survival of long-lived species made the joint model with recovery data ineffective at reducing terminal bias because of small-sample bias. The naive constraint model (last and penultimate temporary emigration parameters made equal), was the least efficient, although still able to reduce terminal bias when compared to an unconstrained model. Joint analysis of several sources of data improved parameter estimates and reduced terminal bias. Efforts to incorporate or acquire such data should be considered by researchers and wildlife managers, especially in the years leading up to status assessments of species of interest. Simulation modeling is a very cost-effective method to explore the potential impacts of using different sources of data to produce high-quality demographic data to inform management. C1 [Penaloza, Claudia L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Langtimm, Catherine A.] US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Penaloza, CL (reprint author), Amer Journal Experts, Calle Alpes,Quinta Pata Pata,Prados del Este, Caracas 1080A, Miranda, Venezuela. EM claudiapenaloza@gmail.com NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1155 EP 1166 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700019 PM 25154103 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Bevins, SN Serieys, LEK Vickers, W Logan, KA Aldredge, M Boydston, EE Lyren, LM McBride, R Roelke-Parker, M Pecon-Slattery, J Troyer, JL Riley, SP Boyce, WM Crooks, KR VandeWoude, S AF Lee, Justin S. Bevins, Sarah N. Serieys, Laurel E. K. Vickers, Winston Logan, Ken A. Aldredge, Mat Boydston, Erin E. Lyren, Lisa M. McBride, Roy Roelke-Parker, Melody Pecon-Slattery, Jill Troyer, Jennifer L. Riley, Seth P. Boyce, Walter M. Crooks, Kevin R. VandeWoude, Sue TI Evolution of Puma Lentivirus in Bobcats (Lynx rufus) and Mountain Lions (Puma concolor) in North America SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; FRAGMENTED URBAN LANDSCAPE; NATURALLY INFECTED COUGARS; GENE FLOW; SELECTION; SEQUENCE; TRANSMISSION; PROTEINS; WILD; RECOMBINATION AB Mountain lions (Puma concolor) throughout North and South America are infected with puma lentivirus clade B (PLVB). A second, highly divergent lentiviral clade, PLVA, infects mountain lions in southern California and Florida. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) in these two geographic regions are also infected with PLVA, and to date, this is the only strain of lentivirus identified in bobcats. We sequenced full-length PLV genomes in order to characterize the molecular evolution of PLV in bobcats and mountain lions. Low sequence homology (88% average pairwise identity) and frequent recombination (1 recombination breakpoint per 3 isolates analyzed) were observed in both clades. Viral proteins have markedly different patterns of evolution; sequence homology and negative selection were highest in Gag and Pol and lowest in Vif and Env. A total of 1.7% of sites across the PLV genome evolve under positive selection, indicating that host-imposed selection pressure is an important force shaping PLV evolution. PLVA strains are highly spatially structured, reflecting the population dynamics of their primary host, the bobcat. In contrast, the phylogeography of PLVB reflects the highly mobile mountain lion, with diverse PLVB isolates cocirculating in some areas and genetically related viruses being present in populations separated by thousands of kilometers. We conclude that PLVA and PLVB are two different viral species with distinct feline hosts and evolutionary histories. IMPORTANCE An understanding of viral evolution in natural host populations is a fundamental goal of virology, molecular biology, and disease ecology. Here we provide a detailed analysis of puma lentivirus (PLV) evolution in two natural carnivore hosts, the bobcat and mountain lion. Our results illustrate that PLV evolution is a dynamic process that results from high rates of viral mutation/recombination and host-imposed selection pressure. C1 [Lee, Justin S.; VandeWoude, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bevins, Sarah N.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Serieys, Laurel E. K.; Riley, Seth P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Vickers, Winston; Boyce, Walter M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Logan, Ken A.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Montrose, CO USA. [Aldredge, Mat] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Boydston, Erin E.; Lyren, Lisa M.] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [McBride, Roy] Ranchers Supply Inc, Ochopee, FL USA. [Roelke-Parker, Melody; Pecon-Slattery, Jill; Troyer, Jennifer L.] NCI, Lab Genet Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM justinlee337@gmail.com FU Ecology of Infectious Disease grant from the National Science Foundation; Wildlife Fellowship grant from the Morris Animal Foundation FX This work was supported by an Ecology of Infectious Disease grant from the National Science Foundation and a Wildlife Fellowship grant from the Morris Animal Foundation. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 88 IS 14 BP 7727 EP 7737 DI 10.1128/JVI.00473-14 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA AK5CT UT WOS:000338442600006 PM 24741092 ER PT J AU Beatty, WS Webb, EB Kesler, DC Raedeke, AH Naylor, LW Humburg, DD AF Beatty, William S. Webb, Elisabeth B. Kesler, Dylan C. Raedeke, Andrew H. Naylor, Luke W. Humburg, Dale D. TI Landscape effects on mallard habitat selection at multiple spatial scales during the non-breeding period SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; Annual cycle; Discrete choice; Resource selection; Waterbird; Waterfowl ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; DISCRETE-CHOICE MODELS; SPRING-MIGRATION; RESOURCE SELECTION; NORTHERN PINTAILS; RAINWATER BASIN; WETLAND BIRDS; ECOLOGY; MOVEMENTS; RIVER AB Previous studies that evaluated effects of landscape-scale habitat heterogeneity on migratory waterbird distributions were spatially limited and temporally restricted to one major life-history phase. However, effects of landscape-scale habitat heterogeneity on long-distance migratory waterbirds can be studied across the annual cycle using new technologies, including global positioning system satellite transmitters. We used Bayesian discrete choice models to examine the influence of local habitats and landscape composition on habitat selection by a generalist dabbling duck, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), in the midcontinent of North America during the non-breeding period. Using a previously published empirical movement metric, we separated the non-breeding period into three seasons, including autumn migration, winter, and spring migration. We defined spatial scales based on movement patterns such that movements > 0.25 and < 30.00 km were classified as local scale and movements > 30.00 km were classified as relocation scale. Habitat selection at the local scale was generally influenced by local and landscape-level variables across all seasons. Variables in top models at the local scale included proximities to cropland, emergent wetland, open water, and woody wetland. Similarly, variables associated with area of cropland, emergent wetland, open water, and woody wetland were also included at the local scale. At the relocation scale, mallards selected resource units based on more generalized variables, including proximity to wetlands and total wetland area. Our results emphasize the role of landscape composition in waterbird habitat selection and provide further support for local wetland landscapes to be considered functional units of waterbird conservation and management. C1 [Beatty, William S.; Kesler, Dylan C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Webb, Elisabeth B.] US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Raedeke, Andrew H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Naylor, Luke W.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Humburg, Dale D.] Ducks Unltd, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. RP Beatty, WS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM beattyw@missouri.edu OI Beatty, William/0000-0003-0013-3113 FU Natural Resource Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project [68-3A75-11-39]; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Missouri Department of Conservation, Ducks Unlimited, and Ducks Unlimited Canada FX Funding for this project was provided by the Natural Resource Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project under grant 68-3A75-11-39. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Missouri Department of Conservation, Ducks Unlimited, and Ducks Unlimited Canada also provided logistical support and/or funding. We thank K. Gardner, R. Theis, J.P. Fairhead, J. Jackson, J. Pagan, R. Malecki and D. Kostersky for their contributions to capture and handling of birds. C. Rota provided assistance with WinBUGS and J. Whittier assisted with Python. We thank A. Alba, K. Cheng, J. Cunningham, A. McKellar, and S. O'Daniels for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank D. Haukos and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 104 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 989 EP 1000 DI 10.1007/s10980-014-0035-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AK3NP UT WOS:000338331600006 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Shaffer, TL Wiltermuth, MT Sherfy, MH AF Anteau, Michael J. Shaffer, Terry L. Wiltermuth, Mark T. Sherfy, Mark H. TI Landscape selection by piping plovers has implications for measuring habitat and population size SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breeding population; Demography; Distribution; Habitat selection; Missouri River; Shorebird; Territory; Waterbird ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; NORTH-DAKOTA; SURVIVAL; LAKES; SASKATCHEWAN; PRODUCTIVITY; PREDATION; RESERVOIR AB How breeding birds distribute in relation to landscape-scale habitat features has important implications for conservation because those features may constrain habitat suitability. Furthermore, knowledge of these associations can help build models to improve area-wide demographic estimates or to develop a sampling stratification for research and monitoring. This is particularly important for rare species that have uneven distributions across vast areas, such as the federally listed piping plover (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plover). We examined how remotely-sensed landscape features influenced the distribution of breeding plover pairs among 2-km shoreline segments during 2006-2009 at Lake Sakakawea in North Dakota, USA. We found strong associations between remotely-sensed landscape features and plover abundance and distribution (R-2 = 0.65). Plovers were nearly absent from segments with bluffs (> 25 m elevation increase within 250 m of shoreline). Relative plover density (pairs/ha) was markedly greater on islands (4.84 +/- A 1.22 SE) than on mainlands (0.85 +/- A 0.17 SE). Pair numbers increased with abundance of nesting habitat (unvegetated-flat areas ). On islands, pair numbers also increased with the relative proportion of the total area that was habitat (). Our model could be adapted to estimate the breeding population of plovers or to make predictions that provide a basis for stratification and design of future surveys. Knowledge of landscape features, such as bluffs, that exclude use by birds refines habitat suitability and facilitates more accurate estimates of habitat and population abundance, by decreasing the size of the sampling universe. Furthermore, techniques demonstrated here are applicable to other vast areas where birds breed in sparse or uneven densities. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.; Shaffer, Terry L.; Wiltermuth, Mark T.; Sherfy, Mark H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov OI Wiltermuth, Mark/0000-0002-8871-2816 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program through Corps' Omaha District Threatened and Endangered Species Section; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program through Garrison Project Office FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program through financial and logistical support from the Corps' Omaha District Threatened and Endangered Species Section and Garrison Project Office. We are grateful for technical support by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Missouri River Least Tern and Piping Plover Research Team, including Marsha Sovada, Larry Strong, Jennifer Stucker, and Erin Roche. We especially thank Melisa Bernard, Betty Euliss, and Nickolas Smith for their work on the remote sensing and GIS. We thank Phil Brown, Deb Buhl, Tom Buhl, Colin Dovichin, Anthony Hipp, Coral Huber, Casey Kruse, Michael Morris, Brandi Skone, Nickolas Smith, and Ryan Williamson for help with project planning and logistics, and the many field technicians for their assistance with data collection. Lastly, we thank Todd Arnold, Josh Stafford, and anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. Our field protocols were approved by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1044 DI 10.1007/s10980-014-0041-z PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AK3NP UT WOS:000338331600009 ER PT J AU Hannah, L Flint, L Syphard, AD Moritz, MA Buckley, LB McCullough, IM AF Hannah, Lee Flint, Lorraine Syphard, Alexandra D. Moritz, Max A. Buckley, Lauren B. McCullough, Ian M. TI Fine-grain modeling of species' response to climate change: holdouts, stepping-stones, and microrefugia SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE holdout; stepping-stone; microrefugia; climate change; range shift; conservation ID FIRE-DEPENDENT PLANT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; GLOBAL CHANGE; RANGE SHIFTS; BIODIVERSITY; REFUGIA; METAPOPULATIONS; COMMUNITIES; PROJECTIONS; PERSISTENCE AB Microclimates have played a critical role in past species range shifts, suggesting that they could be important in biological response to future change. Terms are needed to discuss these future effects. We propose that populations occupying microclimates be referred to as holdouts, stepping stones and microrefugia. A holdout is a population that persists in a microclimate for a limited period of time under deteriorating climatic conditions. Stepping stones successively occupy microclimates in a way that facilitates species' range shifts. Microrefugia refer to populations that persist in microclimates through a period of unfavorable climate. Because climate projections show that return to present climate is highly unlikely, conservation strategies need to be built around holdouts and stepping stones, rather than low-probability microrefugia. C1 [Hannah, Lee] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Flint, Lorraine] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA USA. [Moritz, Max A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Buckley, Lauren B.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McCullough, Ian M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hannah, L (reprint author), Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM lhannah@conservation.org FU National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology program NSF [EF 1065864]; NSF [EF-1065638] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology program NSF #EF 1065864 and the insights and comments of our collaborators in that project, Frank Davis, Janet Franklin, Alex Hall, Kelly Redmond, Alan Flint, Helen Regan, Lynn Sweet, and John Dingman. The work was also supported by NSF grant EF-1065638. NR 60 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 15 U2 104 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 29 IS 7 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2014.04.006 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AK4RU UT WOS:000338412600005 PM 24875589 ER PT J AU Aeby, GS Work, TM Hughen, KA AF Aeby, Greta S. Work, Thierry M. Hughen, Konrad A. TI The first cyanobacterial infection of crustose coralline algae discovered on the reefs of Pohnpei, Micronesia SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Aeby, Greta S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Hughen, Konrad A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Aeby, GS (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA. EM greta@hawaii.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 BP 873 EP 874 DI 10.5343/bms.2014.1018 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AJ9CG UT WOS:000338003800011 ER PT J AU Xu, JP Sequeiros, OE Noble, MA AF Xu, J. P. Sequeiros, Octavio E. Noble, Marlene A. TI Sediment concentrations, flow conditions, and downstream evolution of two turbidity currents, Monterey Canyon, USA SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Turbidity currents; Sediment transport; Grain size; Monterey canyon ID EXPERIMENTAL GRAVITY CURRENTS; DRIVEN DENSITY CURRENTS; SUBMARINE CHANNEL; SPATIOTEMPORAL EVOLUTION; OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GRAIN-SIZE AB The capacity of turbidity currents to carry sand and coarser sediment from shallow to deep regions in the submarine environment has attracted the attention of researchers from different disciplines. Yet not only are field measurements of oceanic turbidity currents a rare achievement, but also the data that have been collected consist mostly of velocity records with very limited or no suspended sediment concentration or grain size distribution data. This work focuses on two turbidity currents measured in Monterey Canyon in 2002 with emphasis on suspended sediment from unique samples collected within the body of these currents. It is shown that concentration and grain size of the suspended material, primarily controlled by the source of the gravity flows and their interaction with bed material, play a significant role in shaping the characteristics of the turbidity currents as they travel down the canyon. Before the flows reach their normal or quasi-steady state, which is defined by bed slope, bed roughness, and suspended grain size, they might pass through a preliminary adjustment stage where they are subject to capacity-driven deposition, and release heavy material in excess. Flows composed of fine (silt/clay) sediments tend to be thicker than those with sands. The measured velocity and concentration data confirm that flow patterns differ between the front and body of turbidity currents and that, even after reaching normal state, the flow regime can be radically disrupted by abrupt changes in canyon morphology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Xu, J. P.; Noble, Marlene A.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Sequeiros, Octavio E.] Shell Global Solut Int, NL-2288 GS Rijswijk, Netherlands. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jpx@usgs.gov FU USGS Coastal; Marine Geology Program; Naval Postgraduate School FX The project was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the Naval Postgraduate School. The manuscript benefited from insightful discussions with Charlie Paull, the late Bill Normark, and Leslie Rosenfeld, and careful reviews from Jessie Lacy and two anonymous reviewers from the Journal. Angela Lam, Kurt Rosenberger, and Jerome Li helped preparing and processing the sediment and current meter data. The authors also thank our field crew: Marinna Martini, Jonathan Borden, Joanne Ferreira, Marla Stone, Rick Rendigs, Kevin O'Toole, Hal Williams, Andree Ramsey, Fred Bahr and the crews of RIV Pt. Sur and R/V Shana Rae for their excellent, and in some cases heroic, work at sea. NR 104 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 89 BP 11 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.04.001 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AJ8YG UT WOS:000337993400002 ER PT J AU King, KA Grue, CE Grassley, JM Fisk, RJ Conquest, LL AF King, Kerensa A. Grue, Christian E. Grassley, James M. Fisk, Robert J. Conquest, Loveday L. TI GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PACIFIC COHO SALMON SMOLTS EXPOSED AS JUVENILES TO PESTICIDES WITHIN URBAN STREAMS IN WESTERN WASHINGTON, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Adult returns; Survival; Pesticide mixtures; Urban streams ID WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CRUDE-OIL; ATLANTIC SALMON; 10-DAY EXPOSURE; MARINE SURVIVAL; FISH; CONSERVATION; GORBUSCHA; OCEAN AB Pesticides are frequently detected in urban streams, with concentrations often exceeding those reported in surface waters within agricultural areas. The authors studied growth, survival, and return rates of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts exposed to a pesticide mixture ("cocktail") representative of the pesticides most frequently reported within urban streams in western Washington State, USA, in fall through early spring. Exposure concentrations were selected to represent a reasonable worst-case scenario based on field monitoring data. Smolts were continuously exposed to pulses of the cocktail either from fertilization through swim-up (2007-2008) or from fertilization through smoltification (2007-2008 and 2008-2009), coded wire tagged, and released in 2008 and 2009. Pre-release endpoints (growth, survival, sex ratio, brain acetylcholinesterase activity, and gonado- and hepatosomatic indices) were not affected. However, the number of returning adults exposed to the cocktail to swim-up (0.90%, n = 42) was more than double that of unexposed controls (0.38%, n = 26) in 2008, whereas in 2009, fish exposed through smoltification returned in lower numbers (0.15%, n = 18) than controls (0.37%, n = 30). Variability in return rates among treatments between years was comparable to that observed in previous whole life cycle studies with Pacific salmon and other contaminants. Results suggest that exposure to pesticides in urban streams does not directly impair early life stages of coho salmon, and that additional studies incorporating releases of larger numbers of smolts across several years are necessary to adequately quantify effects on return rates. (C) 2014 SETAC C1 [King, Kerensa A.; Grassley, James M.; Fisk, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grue, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Conquest, Loveday L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP King, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM king@fws.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS); University of Washington; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration; Washington Friends of Farms and Forests; USGS; Washington State University; Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources FX Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Washington, the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, and the Washington Friends of Farms and Forests. The Unit is funded by USGS, the University of Washington, Washington State University, and the Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources. Special thanks to Northwest Marine Technology and V. Blackhurst, J. Hearsey, J. Hooff, N. Hurtado, G. Marston, and G. Vanderhaegen. G. Young and 2 anonymous reviewers commented on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1596 EP 1606 DI 10.1002/etc.2593 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AJ6FD UT WOS:000337784500022 PM 24687230 ER PT J AU Germino, MJ Reinhardt, K AF Germino, Matthew J. Reinhardt, Keith TI Desert shrub responses to experimental modification of precipitation seasonality and soil depth: relationship to the two-layer hypothesis and ecohydrological niche SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemesia tridentata; climate change; cold desert; ecohydrology; ecophysiology; plant-climate interactions; resource-pool hypothesis; sagebrush steppe; Walter's two-layer hypothesis ID WATER-LIMITED ECOSYSTEMS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES; GROWTH; SUMMER; CARBON; USA AB 1. Ecohydrological niches are important for understanding plant community responses to climate shifts, particularly in dry lands. According to the two-layer hypothesis, selective use of deep-soil water increases growth or persistence of woody species during warm and dry summer periods and thereby contributes to their coexistence with shallow-rooted herbs in dry ecosystems. The resource-pool hypothesis further suggests that shallow-soil water benefits growth of all plants while deep-soil water primarily enhances physiological maintenance and survival of woody species. Few studies have directly tested these by manipulating deep-soil water availability and observing the long-term outcomes. 2. We predicted that factors promoting infiltration and storage of water in deep soils, specifically greater winter precipitation and soil depth, would enhance Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) in cold, winter-wet/summer-dry desert. Sagebrush responses to 20 years of winter irrigation were compared to summer- or no irrigation, on plots having relatively deep or shallow soils (2 m vs. 1 m depths). 3. Winter irrigation increased sagebrush cover, and crown and canopy volumes, but not density (individuals/plot) compared to summer or no irrigation, on deep-soil plots. On shallow-soil plots, winter irrigation surprisingly decreased shrub cover and size, and summer irrigation had no effect. Furthermore, multiple regression suggested that the variations in growth were related (i) firstly to water in shallow soils (0-0.2 m) and secondly to deeper soils (>1 m deep) and (ii) more by springtime than by midsummer soil water. Water-use efficiency increased considerably on shallow soils without irrigation and was lowest with winter irrigation. 4. Synthesis. Sagebrush was more responsive to the seasonal timing of precipitation than to total annual precipitation. Factors that enhanced deep-water storage (deeper soils plus more winter precipitation) led to increases in Artemisia tridentata that were consistent with the two-layer hypothesis, and the contribution of shallow water to growth on these plots was consistent with the resource-pool hypothesis. However, shallow-soil water also had negative effects on sagebrush, suggesting an ecohydrological trade-off not considered in these or related theories. The interaction between precipitation timing and soil depth indicates that increased winter precipitation could lead to a mosaic of increases and decreases in A. tridentata across landscapes having variable soil depth. C1 [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.; Reinhardt, Keith] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov FU Idaho EPSCoR [EPS 0814387]; US Geological Survey Northwest Climate Science Center FX Both authors contributed equally. We thank Kathleen Lohse for the soil pit and horizon evaluation; Laura Bond for statistical advice; and Sue Phillips, Robert Jones and two reviewers for helpful comments. Jay Anderson designed and oversaw the original experimental set-up. We thank Amy Forman and Roger Blew at S. M. Stoller Corporation, and Sara Bachman, Jeremy Greth, Jackie Hafla, Brandy Janzen, Jeff Morgan, Jess VanderVeen, Bill Davidson, Xochi Campos, Liam Junk and Masa Takahashi for logistical support, sample or data collection and laboratory assistance. Bryce Richardson and Stewart Sanderson provided cytometer analyses. The research was funded by grants to MJG from Idaho EPSCoR (EPS 0814387) and US Geological Survey Northwest Climate Science Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 102 IS 4 BP 989 EP 997 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12266 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ9KB UT WOS:000338027500016 ER PT J AU Richardson, L Rosen, T Gunther, K Schwartz, C AF Richardson, Leslie Rosen, Tatjana Gunther, Kerry Schwartz, Chuck TI The economics of roadside bear viewing SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bears; Wildlife viewing; Economic impact analysis; Nonmarket valuation; Contingent valuation method ID WILDLIFE AB Viewing bears along roadside habitats is a popular recreational activity in certain national parks throughout the United States. However, safely managing visitors during traffic jams that result from this activity often requires the use of limited park resources. Using unique visitor survey data, this study quantifies economic values associated with roadside bear viewing in Yellowstone National Park, monetary values that could be used to determine whether this continued use of park resources is warranted on economic grounds. Based on visitor expenditure data and results of a contingent visitation question, it is estimated that summer Park visitation would decrease if bears were no longer allowed to stay along roadside habitats, resulting in a loss of 155 jobs in the local economy. Results from a nonmarket valuation survey question indicate that on average, visitors to Yellowstone National Park are willing to pay around $41 more in Park entrance fees to ensure that bears are allowed to remain along roads within the Park. Generalizing this value to the relevant population of visitors indicates that the economic benefits of allowing this wildlife viewing opportunity to continue could outweigh the costs of using additional resources to effectively manage these traffic jams. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Richardson, Leslie] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rosen, Tatjana] Panthera, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Gunther, Kerry] Natl Pk Serv, Bear Management Off, Washington, DC USA. [Schwartz, Chuck] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Richardson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Branch, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lrichardson@usgs.gov; trosen@panthera.org; Kerry_Gunther@nps.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 140 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.051 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ7KU UT WOS:000337876400012 PM 24726971 ER PT J AU Morrow, CA Lockner, DA Moore, DE Hickman, S AF Morrow, C. A. Lockner, D. A. Moore, D. E. Hickman, S. TI Deep permeability of the San Andreas Fault from San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) core samples SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE San Andreas Fault; SAFOD; Permeability; Fault gouge ID INTERNAL STRUCTURE; HEAT-FLOW; GOUGE; STRESS; ROCKS; ZONE; STRENGTH; SLIP; PRESSURE; JAPAN AB The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) scientific borehole near Parkfield, California crosses two actively creeping shear zones at a depth of 2.7 km. Core samples retrieved from these active strands consist of a foliated, Mg-clay-rich gouge containing porphyroclasts of serpentinite and sedimentary rock. The adjacent damage zone and country rocks are comprised of variably deformed, fine-grained sand-stones, siltstones, and mudstones. We conducted laboratory tests to measure the permeability of representative samples from each structural unit at effective confining pressures, P-e up to the maximum estimated in situ P-e of 120 MPa. Permeability values of intact samples adjacent to the creeping strands ranged from 10(-18) to 10(-21) m(2) at P-e = 10 MPa and decreased with applied confining pressure to 10(-20) -10(-22) m(2) at 120 MPa. Values for intact foliated gouge samples (10(-21)-6 x 10(-23) m(2) over the same pressure range) were distinctly lower than those for the surrounding rocks due to their fine-grained, clay-rich character. Permeability of both intact and crushed-and-sieved foliated gouge measured during shearing at P-e >= 70 MPa ranged from 2 to 4 x 10(-32) m(2) in the direction perpendicular to shearing and was largely insensitive to shear displacement out to a maximum displacement of 10 mm. The weak, actively-deforming foliated gouge zones have ultra-low permeability, making the active strands of the San Andreas Fault effective barriers to cross-fault fluid flow. The low matrix permeability of the San Andreas Fault creeping zones and adjacent rock combined with observations of abundant fractures in the core over a range of scales suggests that fluid flow outside of the actively-deforming gouge zones is probably fracture dominated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morrow, C. A.; Lockner, D. A.; Moore, D. E.; Hickman, S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Morrow, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cmorrow@usgs.gov; dlockner@usgs.gov; dmoore@usgs.gov; hickman@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 64 SI SI BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2013.09.009 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AJ7HB UT WOS:000337866700008 ER PT J AU Loss, SR Will, T Marra, PP AF Loss, Scott R. Will, Tom Marra, Peter P. TI Estimation of bird-vehicle collision mortality on US roads SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE anthropogenic mortality; automobiles; birds; detection probability; roadkill; roads; scavenger removal; systematic review; United States; vehicles ID UNITED-STATES; AVIAN MORTALITY; BARN OWLS; TYTO-ALBA; POPULATIONS; VERTEBRATES; AMPHIBIANS; WILDLIFE; MAMMALS; CANADA AB Roads have numerous direct and indirect ecological impacts on wildlife. Vehicle collisions are a top impact of roads on birds, with tens of millions of birds thought to be killed each year in the United States. However, currently available mortality estimates are extrapolated from a single study. We reviewed the literature and used 20 mortality rates extracted from 13 studies to systematically quantify data-driven estimates of annual U.S. mortality from bird-vehicle collisions. We generated 4 separate estimates along with uncertainty using different subsets of data deemed to be rigorous enough to contribute relatively little bias to estimates. All of our estimates of vehicle mortality are higher than previous U.S. figures. When averaging across model iterations, we estimated that between 89 and 340 million birds die annually from vehicle collisions on U.S. roads. Sensitivity analyses indicated that uncertainty about survey-related biases (scavenger removal and searcher detection of carcasses) contributes the greatest amount of uncertainty to our mortality estimates. Future studies should account for these biases to provide more accurate local estimates of mortality rates and to inform more precise national mortality estimates. We found relatively little information available to quantify regional, seasonal, and taxonomic patterns of vehicle collision risk, and substantial uncertainty remains about whether collisions contribute to large-scale impacts on bird populations. Nonetheless, the large magnitude of bird mortality caused by vehicle collisions combined with evidence that collisions can contribute to local population declines for some species highlights the need for implementation of conservation and management actions to reduce this mortality. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Loss, Scott R.; Marra, Peter P.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Will, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Midwest Reg Off, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Loss, SR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM scott.loss@okstate.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Institution's Postdoctoral Fellowship program FX We thank J. Rutter and R. Schneider for assisting with data compilation, management, and analysis. S. R. L. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Institution's Postdoctoral Fellowship program. The findings and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Smithsonian Institution, or Oklahoma State University. NR 68 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 78 IS 5 BP 763 EP 771 DI 10.1002/jwmg.721 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AJ8PB UT WOS:000337967100002 ER PT J AU Booms, TL Holroyd, GL Gahbauer, MA Trefry, HE Wiggins, DA Holt, DW Johnson, JA Lewis, SB Larson, MD Keyes, KL Swengel, S AF Booms, Travis L. Holroyd, Geoffrey L. Gahbauer, Marcel A. Trefry, Helen E. Wiggins, David A. Holt, Denver W. Johnson, James A. Lewis, Stephen B. Larson, Matt D. Keyes, Kristen L. Swengel, Scott TI Assessing the status and conservation priorities of the short-eared owl in North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Asio flammeus; conservation; decline; grassland; North America; research priorities; short-eared owl; status ID GRASSLAND; PREDATORS; ABUNDANCE; HARRIERS; SUCCESS; CYCLES; VOLE AB The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Christmas Bird Count, and regional and national conservation assessments provide convincing evidence that the short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) is experiencing a range-wide, long-term decline in abundance in North America. However, the species has received little conservation or research attention. The short-eared owl is vulnerable to decline because it relies heavily on large, intact grasslands and a specialized diet of unpredictable small mammal prey. The species' nomadic movements compound these vulnerabilities by making a decline difficult to detect with current monitoring programs while obfuscating stewardship responsibilities for managers. The primary threat to the species is loss, fragmentation, and degradation of large tracts of native grasslands and wetlands. We propose the following conservation priorities to better understand and begin addressing the short-eared owl's decline: 1) better define and protect important habitats; 2) improve population monitoring; 3) determine seasonal and annual movements; 4) re-evaluate NatureServe's short-eared owl national conservation classifications; 5) develop management plans and tools; and 6) classify raptors, including short-eared owls, as migratory birds in Canada. We contend that the short-eared owl's need for habitat conservation at large spatial scales, status as a predator, and high reproductive potential that affords the species capacity to recover, make it an effective and useful candidate as an umbrella species for grassland conservation. (c) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Booms, Travis L.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Holroyd, Geoffrey L.] Environm Canada, Beaverhill Bird Observ, Tofield, AB T0B 4J0, Canada. [Gahbauer, Marcel A.; Keyes, Kristen L.] Migrat Res Fdn, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X0A6, Canada. [Trefry, Helen E.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Beaverhill Bird Observ, Tofield, AB T0B 4J0, Canada. [Wiggins, David A.] Hallkved, S-75597 Uppsala, Sweden. [Holt, Denver W.; Larson, Matt D.] Owl Res Inst, Charlo, MT 59824 USA. [Johnson, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Lewis, Stephen B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Booms, TL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM travis.booms@alaska.gov FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Diversity Program through the federal State Wildlife Grant program FX We thank the participants of the workshops and symposia held in 2006 in Manitoba, 2007 in Pennsylvania and Netherlands, 2008 in Montana, 2009 in Alberta, and 2011 in Minnesota who provided background for this paper. We also thank C. Barger, M. Bechard, J. Calladine, J. Hagelin, E. Merrill, D. Rabe, M. Rabe, A. Swengel, and K. Titus for reviewing earlier versions of this draft and L. McCarthy for editorial and formatting assistance. We thank the United States Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory for providing band recovery data. Funding for this commentary was provided by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Diversity Program through the federal State Wildlife Grant program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of USFWS or Environment Canada. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 78 IS 5 BP 772 EP 778 DI 10.1002/jwmg.719 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AJ8PB UT WOS:000337967100003 ER PT J AU Robinson, HS Desimone, R Hartway, C Gude, JA Thompson, MJ Mitchell, MS Hebblewhite, M AF Robinson, Hugh S. Desimone, Richard Hartway, Cynthia Gude, Justin A. Thompson, Michael J. Mitchell, Michael S. Hebblewhite, Mark TI A test of the compensatory mortality hypothesis in mountain lions: A management experiment in West-Central Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE additive mortality; carnivore; compensatory mortality; cougar; hunting; life-stage simulation analysis; Montana; population dynamics; Puma concolor; survival ID COUGAR POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GENETIC INTROGRESSION; FLORIDA PANTHER; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; HUNTED POPULATION; LARGE HERBIVORES; COMPETING RISKS; DEER POPULATION; SOUTHERN UTAH; PATTERNS AB Mountain lions (Puma concolor) are widely hunted for recreation, population control, and to reduce conflict with humans, but much is still unknown regarding the effects of harvest on mountain lion population dynamics. Whether human hunting mortality on mountain lions is additive or compensatory is debated. Our primary objective was to investigate population effects of harvest on mountain lions. We addressed this objective with a management experiment of 3 years of intensive harvest followed by a 6-year recovery period. In December 2000, after 3 years of hunting, approximately 66% of a single game management unit within the Blackfoot River watershed in Montana was closed to lion hunting, effectively creating a refuge representing approximately 12% (915km2) of the total study area (7,908km2). Hunting continued in the remainder of the study area, but harvest levels declined from approximately 9/1,000km2 in 2001 to 2/1,000km2 in 2006 as a result of the protected area and reduced quotas outside. We radiocollared 117 mountain lions from 1998 to 2006. We recorded known fates for 63 animals, and right-censored the remainder. Although hunting directly reduced survival, parameters such as litter size, birth interval, maternity, age at dispersal, and age of first reproduction were not significantly affected. Sensitivity analysis showed that female survival and maternity were most influential on population growth. Life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) demonstrated the effect of hunting on the population dynamics of mountain lions. In our non-hunted population, reproduction (kitten survival and maternity) accounted for approximately 62% of the variation in growth rate, whereas adult female survival accounted for 30%. Hunting reversed this, increasing the reliance of population growth on adult female survival (45% of the variation in population growth), and away from reproduction (12%). Our research showed that harvest at the levels implemented in this study did not affect population productivity (i.e., maternity), but had an additive effect on mountain lion mortality, and therefore population growth. Through harvest, wildlife managers have the ability to control mountain lion populations. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Robinson, Hugh S.] Panthera, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Robinson, Hugh S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Desimone, Richard; Gude, Justin A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Hartway, Cynthia; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Robinson, HS (reprint author), Panthera, 8 West 40th St, New York, NY 10018 USA. EM hrobinson@panthera.org FU Montana and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants; University of Montana FX Project funding and support were provided by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants, and the University of Montana. Appreciation is extended to D. Childress, G. Erickson, T. Lonner, J. Herbert, K. Aune, J. Williams, J. Firebaugh, Q. Kujala, and K. McDonald, who secured funding and administered this long-term project. B. Semmens, B. Shinn, G. Hedrick, T. Chilton-Radandt, M. Trapkus, V. Edwards, B. Wiesner, D. Powell, J. Powers, R. Jaffe, T. Knuchel, S. Shrout, S. Powers, A. Jakes, J. Sikich, T. Hollow, M. Graf, C. Kelly, M. Maples, D. Beaver, B. Sheppard, S. McGee, and S. Carson provided invaluable field assistance. Pilots D. Powell, S. Ard, R. Stradley, D. Stradley, R. Gipe, and L. Anderson provided safe and invaluable air support for this project. This work was conducted on BLM, Plum Creek, DNRC and Forest Service lands. We would like to express our appreciation to all private landowners who allowed access to their lands. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 94 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 28 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 78 IS 5 BP 791 EP 807 DI 10.1002/jwmg.726 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AJ8PB UT WOS:000337967100005 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Herzog, MP Hartman, CA Herring, G AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Herzog, Mark P. Hartman, C. Alex Herring, Garth TI Forster's tern chick survival in response to a managed relocation of predatory California gulls SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California gull; chick survival; fledging success; Forster's tern; gull management; gull predation; Larus; radio telemetry; Sterna ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; HERRING GULL; LEAST TERNS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; NESTING SUCCESS; COLONY; ENGLAND; RESTORATION; RECRUITMENT AB Gull populations can severely limit the productivity of waterbirds. Relocating gull colonies may reduce their effects on nearby breeding waterbirds, but there are few examples of this management strategy. We examined gull predation and survival of Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) chicks before (2010) and after (2011) the managed relocation of the largest California gull (Larus californicus) colony (24,000 adults) in San Francisco Bay, California. Overall, survival of radio-marked Forster's tern chicks from hatching to fledging was 0.22 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SE), and daily survival rates increased with age. Gulls were the predominant predator of tern chicks, potentially causing 54% of chick deaths. Prior to the gull colony relocation, 56% of radio-marked and 20% of banded tern chicks from the nearest tern colony were recovered dead in the gull colony, compared to only 15% of radio-marked and 4% of banded chicks recovered dead from all other tern colonies. The managed relocation of the gull colony substantially increased tern chick survival (by 900%) in the nearby (<1km) colony from 0.04 +/- 0.02 in 2010 to 0.40 +/- 0.12 in 2011 but not at the more distant (>3.8km) reference tern colony (0.29 +/- 0.10 in 2010 and 0.25 +/- 0.09 in 2011). Among 19 tern nesting islands, fledging success was higher when gull abundance was lower at nearby colonies and when gull colonies were farther from the tern colony. Our results indicate that the managed relocation of gull colonies away from preferred nesting areas of sensitive waterbirds can improve local reproductive success, but this conservation strategy may shift gull predation pressure to other areas or species. (c) 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.; Hartman, C. Alex; Herring, Garth] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU Resource Legacy Fund; State of California Coastal Conservancy; South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project FX This study was funded by Resource Legacy Fund, State of California Coastal Conservancy, and South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. Logistical support was kindly provided by C. Strong, E. Mruz, L. Valoppi, J. Krause, A. O'Callaghan, and staffs of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge and Eden Landing Ecological Reserve. We thank the field technicians that helped with this research, including S. Peterson, K. Ruskin, D. Spatz, T. Owen, S. Luecke Flaherty, K. Boysen, J. LaCoss, C. Thow, C. Schacter, N. Hill, C. Yabut, N. Roach, and C. Strong. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 78 IS 5 BP 818 EP 829 DI 10.1002/jwmg.728 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AJ8PB UT WOS:000337967100007 ER PT J AU Grisham, BA Borsdorf, PK Boal, CW Boydston, KK AF Grisham, Blake A. Borsdorf, Philip K. Boal, Clint W. Boydston, Kathy K. TI Nesting ecology and nest survival of lesser prairie-chickens on the Southern High Plains of Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic features; lesser prairie-chicken; nest ecology; nest survival; nest vegetation; shinnery oak; Texas; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ID SAND SHINNERY OAK; SITE SELECTION; HABITAT USE; POPULATIONS; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; SUCCESS; KANSAS AB The decline in population and range of lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) throughout the central and southern Great Plains has raised concerns considering their candidate status under the United States Endangered Species Act. Baseline ecological data for lesser prairie-chickens are limited, especially for the shinnery oak-grassland communities of Texas. This information is imperative because lesser prairie-chickens in shinnery oak grasslands occur at the extreme southwestern edge of their distribution. This geographic region is characterized by hot, arid climates, less fragmentation, and less anthropogenic development than within the remaining core distribution of the species. Thus, large expanses of open rangeland with less anthropogenic development and a climate that is classified as extreme for ground nesting birds may subsequently influence nest ecology, nest survival, and nest site selection differently compared to the rest of the distribution of the species. We investigated the nesting ecology of 50 radio-tagged lesser prairie-chicken hens from 2008 to 2011 in the shinnery oak-grassland communities in west Texas and found a substantial amount of inter-annual variation in incubation start date and percent of females incubating nests. Prairie-chickens were less likely to nest near unimproved roads and utility poles and in areas with more bare ground and litter. In contrast, hens selected areas dominated by grasses and shrubs and close to stock tanks to nest. Candidate models including visual obstruction best explained daily nest survival; a 5% increase in visual obstruction improved nest survival probability by 10%. The model-averaged probability of a nest surviving the incubation period was 0.43 (SE=0.006; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.56). Our findings indicate that lesser prairie-chicken reproduction during our study period was dynamic and was correlated with seasonal weather patterns that ultimately promoted greater grass growth earlier in the nesting season that provided visual obstruction from predators. (c) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Grisham, Blake A.; Borsdorf, Philip K.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boydston, Kathy K.] Texas Pk Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Boydston, Kathy K.] Dept Wildlife, Austin, TX 78744 USA. RP Grisham, BA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM blake.grisham@ttu.edu FU Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources Management; United States Geological Survey; Texas Parks and Wildlife; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Nature Conservancy FX We thank a multitude of private landowners in Texas for private land access. We thank a plethora of field technicians for field data collection and D. Lucia, S. Kyle, and several anonymous reviewers for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. We thank M. J. Beierle for assistance with GIS analysis. Financial and logistical support was provided by Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources Management, United States Geological Survey, Texas Parks and Wildlife, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and The Nature Conservancy. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 78 IS 5 BP 857 EP 866 DI 10.1002/jwmg.716 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AJ8PB UT WOS:000337967100011 ER PT J AU Conroy, MJ Henry, RS Harris, G AF Conroy, Michael J. Henry, Robert S. Harris, Grant TI Estimation of regional sheep abundance based on group sizes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; aerial surveys; Bayesian analysis; Bighorn sheep; detection; state-space model ID AERIAL SURVEYS; SIGHTABILITY MODELS; ELK; POPULATIONS AB We used sightability models with aerial counts to estimate regional abundance of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in southwestern Arizona during 1992-2012. Because of incomplete spatial and temporal coverage of surveys, we integrated sightability estimates using Bayesian state-space models. Although some game management units (GMUs) exhibited negative average growth rates during this period, temporal variability in growth was large. The combination of temporal variability and statistical uncertainty in the sightability estimates led to the selection of a regional model having zero mean growth from initial abundance. Hence, the model indicated a relatively stable population of desert bighorn sheep in southern Arizona, beginning with approximately 2,900 bighorn sheep in 1992 to the current number of approximately 2,300 sheep (2012). Our method provides statistically valid estimates of overall regional abundance not otherwise possible given the incomplete spatial coverage of surveys. Additionally, results have implications for other studies, common in wildlife management, where managers seek to integrate information across surveys with partial time-series. (c) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Henry, Robert S.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. [Harris, Grant] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mconroy@uga.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 78 IS 5 BP 904 EP 913 DI 10.1002/jwmg.731 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AJ8PB UT WOS:000337967100015 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Chaytor, JD Geist, EL Brothers, DS Andrews, BD AF ten Brink, U. S. Chaytor, J. D. Geist, E. L. Brothers, D. S. Andrews, B. D. TI Assessment of tsunami hazard to the US Atlantic margin SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE submarine landslides; meteo-tsunami; earthquakes and landslides; probabilistic hazard assessment ID PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS; LARGE SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; CANARY ISLAND LANDSLIDES; ERODING SEDIMENT FLOWS; CAPE-VERDE ISLANDS; STOREGGA SLIDE; EAST-COAST; SEA-FLOOR; SLOPE FAILURE; NEW-ENGLAND AB Tsunami hazard is a very low-probability, but potentially high-risk natural hazard, posing unique challenges to scientists and policy makers trying to mitigate its impacts. These challenges are illustrated in this assessment of tsunami hazard to the U.S. Atlantic margin. Seismic activity along the U.S. Atlantic margin in general is low, and confirmed paleo-tsunami deposits have not yet been found, suggesting a very low rate of hazard. However, the devastating 1929 Grand Banks tsunami along the Atlantic margin of Canada shows that these events continue to occur. Densely populated areas, extensive industrial and port facilities, and the presence of ten nuclear power plants along the coast, make this region highly vulnerable to flooding by tsunamis and therefore even low-probability events need to be evaluated. We can presently draw several tentative conclusions regarding tsunami hazard to the U.S. Atlantic coast. Landslide tsunamis likely constitute the biggest tsunami hazard to the coast. Only a small number of landslides have so far been dated and they are generally older than 10,000 years. The geographical distribution of landslides along the margin is expected to be uneven and to depend on the distribution of seismic activity along the margin and on the geographical distribution of Pleistocene sediment. We do not see evidence that gas hydrate dissociation contributes to the generation of landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin. Analysis of landslide statistics along the fluvial and glacial portions of the margin indicate that most of the landslides are translational, were probably initiated by seismic acceleration, and failed as aggregate slope failures. How tsunamis are generated from aggregate landslides remains however, unclear. Estimates of the recurrence interval of earthquakes along the continental slope may provide maximum estimates for the recurrence interval of landslide along the margin. Tsunamis caused by atmospheric disturbances and by coastal earthquakes may be more frequent than those generated by landslides, but their amplitudes are probably smaller. Among the possible far-field earthquake sources, only earthquakes located within the Gulf of Cadiz or west of the Tore-Madeira Rise are likely to affect the U.S. coast. It is questionable whether earthquakes on the Puerto Rico Trench are capable of producing a large enough tsunami that will affect the U.S. Atlantic coast. More information is needed to evaluate the seismic potential of the northern Cuba fold-and-thrust belt. The hazard from a volcano flank collapse in the Canary Islands is likely smaller than originally stated, and there is not enough information to evaluate the magnitude and frequency of flank collapse from the Azores Islands. Both deterministic and probabilistic methods to evaluate the tsunami hazard from the margin are available for application to the Atlantic margin, but their implementation requires more information than is currently available. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [ten Brink, U. S.; Chaytor, J. D.; Brothers, D. S.; Andrews, B. D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Geist, E. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU U.S.-NRC [V6166] FX The work was funded by the U.S.-NRC Job Code V6166: Tsunami Landslide Source Probability and Potential Impact on New and Existing Power Plants. We thank Matt Gove for compiling the storm data in Fig. 17, and Debbie Hutchinson, David Tappin, editor David Piper, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. NR 190 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 353 BP 31 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.02.011 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AJ7DR UT WOS:000337857900003 ER PT J AU Pease, AA Paukert, CP AF Pease, Allison A. Paukert, Craig P. TI Potential impacts of climate change on growth and prey consumption of stream-dwelling smallmouth bass in the central United States SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE climate change; bioenergetics; growth; smallmouth bass; food-web effects ID MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU; FISH POPULATIONS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; THERMAL TOLERANCE; COLUMBIA RIVER; SOMATIC GROWTH; CRAYFISH PREY; OZARK STREAM; ROCK BASS; LAND-USE AB Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu, SMB) is a broadly distributed, economically important species in the USA and Canada. Although previous research has suggested that projected climate warming may allow SMB to thrive beyond their current northern distribution, little research has been devoted to the population-level effects of climate change on warm-water fishes, including SMB. We modelled the impacts of projected climate change on growth of stream-dwelling SMB along a north-south gradient in the central USA. Using downscaled regional projections from three global climate models, we generated scenarios for thermal habitat change for four populations (in Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota) and used bioenergetics simulations to estimate prey consumption and growth under future projections. Bioenergetics simulations showed that prey consumption is expected to increase in all populations with moderate stream warming (2-3 degrees C). Growth potential is predicted to increase by 3-17% if not limited by food availability with stream warming by 2060 and was most pronounced for southern populations. For each 1 degrees C increase in stream temperature, SMB consumption would be expected to increase by about 27% and growth would increase by about 6%. Due to implications for species interactions, population performance and regulation of local fisheries, a better understanding of how SMB populations will respond to climate change is recommended for effective management and conservation. C1 [Pease, Allison A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Pease, AA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Mail Stop 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM allison.pease@ttu.edu FU US Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. The authors thank Steve Hostetler and Jay Alder for providing and helping to interpret results from regionally downscaled climate projections, Jodi Whittier and Dan Wieferich for assistance with data management, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for providing additional diet data. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 336 EP 346 DI 10.1111/eff.12084 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AJ4XS UT WOS:000337683700005 ER PT J AU Franssen, NR Durst, SL AF Franssen, Nathan R. Durst, Scott L. TI Prey and non-native fish predict the distribution of Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) in a south-western river in North America SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE non-native fishes; negative binomial regression; AIC; desert streams ID SAN-JUAN RIVER; CHANNEL CATFISH; FLOW REGIME; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FRESH-WATER; GREEN RIVER; NEW-MEXICO; SQUAWFISH; UTAH; CHALLENGES AB Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) has been extirpated from a large portion of its historical range in the Colorado River basin, USA. A repatriation effort via stocking of juvenile P. lucius in the San Juan River, NM, CO and UT has resulted in limited recruitment of individuals into an adult population. Understanding biotic and abiotic factors that limit their persistence in the Colorado River basin will be a critical step in providing for their recovery. To elucidate potential recruitment barriers in the San Juan River, we assessed relationships between the numbers of two age classes of P. lucius and prey, competitors and predators collected at a 1.6 km reach scale between 2003 and 2012. We used an information theoretical approach to rank candidate models testing the relative importance of these biotic conditions in predicting the spatial distribution of P. lucius. We found positive relationships between the numbers of P. lucius <= 200 mm total length (TL) collected and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of native prey among reaches. For P. lucius >200 mm TL (individuals that are likely completely piscivorous), we found positive associations between the numbers of P. lucius collected and CPUE of total prey and CPUE of potential non-native competitors in each reach. Our data suggest size-specific affinities of P. lucius for native and non-native prey as well as the potential for negative interactions between P. lucius and non-native competitors may contribute to limited recruitment of juvenile P. lucius into an adult population in the San Juan River. C1 [Franssen, Nathan R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Franssen, Nathan R.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Durst, Scott L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, San Juan River Basin Recovery Implementat Program, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Franssen, NR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 167 Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM nrfranssen@gmail.com NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1111/eff.12093 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AJ4XS UT WOS:000337683700010 ER PT J AU Bellmore, JR Fremier, AK Mejia, F Newsom, M AF Bellmore, J. Ryan Fremier, Alexander K. Mejia, Francine Newsom, Michael TI The response of stream periphyton to Pacific salmon: using a model to understand the role of environmental context SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioturbation; ecological modelling; marine derived nutrients; Pacific salmon; periphyton ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; DYNAMICS; ALASKA; RIVER; DISTURBANCE; ABUNDANCE; CARCASSES; BIOFILM; BIOMASS AB In stream ecosystems, Pacific salmon deliver subsidies of marine-derived nutrients and disturb the stream bed during spawning. The net effect of this nutrient subsidy and physical disturbance on biological communities can be hard to predict and is likely to be mediated by environmental conditions. For periphyton, empirical studies have revealed that the magnitude and direction of the response to salmon varies from one location to the next. Salmon appear to increase periphyton biomass and/or production in some contexts (a positive response), but decrease them in others (a negative response). To reconcile these seemingly conflicting results, we constructed a system dynamics model that links periphyton biomass and production to salmon spawning. We used this model to explore how environmental conditions influence the periphyton response to salmon. Our simulations suggest that the periphyton response to salmon is strongly mediated by both background nutrient concentrations and the proportion of the stream bed suitable for spawning. Positive periphyton responses occurred when both background nutrient concentrations were low (nutrient limiting conditions) and when little of the stream bed was suitable for spawning (because the substratum is too coarse). In contrast, negative responses occurred when nutrient concentrations were higher or a larger proportion of the bed was suitable for spawning. Although periphyton biomass generally remained above or below background conditions for several months following spawning, periphyton production returned quickly to background values shortly afterwards. As a result, based upon our simulations, salmon did not greatly increase or decrease overall annual periphyton production. This suggests that any increase in production by fish or invertebrates in response to returning salmon is more likely to occur via direct consumption of salmon carcasses and/or eggs, rather than the indirect effects of greater periphyton production. Overall, our simulations suggest that environmental factors need to be taken into account when considering the effects of spawning salmon on aquatic ecosystems. Our model offers researchers a framework for testing periphyton response to salmon across a range of conditions, which can be used to generate hypotheses, plan field experiments and guide data collection. C1 [Bellmore, J. Ryan] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA USA. [Fremier, Alexander K.; Mejia, Francine] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Fremier, Alexander K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Newsom, Michael] US Bur Reclamat, Portland, OR USA. RP Bellmore, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jbellmore@usgs.gov FU US Bureau of Reclamation FX We thank Alan Hildrew and two anonymous referees for providing a constructive review of the manuscript. Jason Romine, Russ Perry, Dana Warren, Heather Bech-told, Emma Rosi-Marshall and Gordon Grant provided assistance in the model development stage. Andy Ford provided numerous modelling tips and recommendations during model development and simulation. Conversations with Joe Benjamin, Pat Connolly, Colden Baxter, Scott Collins, Dave McIntire, Stan Gregory, Dana Warren, Dana Weigel and John Jorgensen also contributed to this manuscript. This research was funded by US Bureau of Reclamation grants to the USGS and University of Idaho (A. Fremier). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 59 IS 7 BP 1437 EP 1451 DI 10.1111/fwb.12356 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AJ2XP UT WOS:000337528600007 ER PT J AU Turetsky, MR Kotowska, A Bubier, J Dise, NB Crill, P Hornibrook, ERC Minkkinen, K Moore, TR Myers-Smith, IH Nykanen, H Olefeldt, D Rinne, J Saarnio, S Shurpali, N Tuittila, ES Waddington, JM White, JR Wickland, KP Wilmking, M AF Turetsky, Merritt R. Kotowska, Agnieszka Bubier, Jill Dise, Nancy B. Crill, Patrick Hornibrook, Ed R. C. Minkkinen, Kari Moore, Tim R. Myers-Smith, Isla H. Nykanen, Hannu Olefeldt, David Rinne, Janne Saarnio, Sanna Shurpali, Narasinha Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina Waddington, J. Michael White, Jeffrey R. Wickland, Kimberly P. Wilmking, Martin TI A synthesis of methane emissions from 71 northern, temperate, and subtropical wetlands SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bog; carbon; disturbance; fen; graminoids; peat; swamp; temperature; vegetation; water table ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; SPHAGNUM MOSSES; FEN PEATLAND; ACTIVE LAYER; WATER; CARBON; PERMAFROST; OXIDATION AB Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane. Here, we assess controls on methane flux using a database of approximately 19 000 instantaneous measurements from 71 wetland sites located across subtropical, temperate, and northern high latitude regions. Our analyses confirm general controls on wetland methane emissions from soil temperature, water table, and vegetation, but also show that these relationships are modified depending on wetland type (bog, fen, or swamp), region (subarctic to temperate), and disturbance. Fen methane flux was more sensitive to vegetation and less sensitive to temperature than bog or swamp fluxes. The optimal water table for methane flux was consistently below the peat surface in bogs, close to the peat surface in poor fens, and above the peat surface in rich fens. However, the largest flux in bogs occurred when dry 30-day averaged antecedent conditions were followed by wet conditions, while in fens and swamps, the largest flux occurred when both 30-day averaged antecedent and current conditions were wet. Drained wetlands exhibited distinct characteristics, e. g. the absence of large flux following wet and warm conditions, suggesting that the same functional relationships between methane flux and environmental conditions cannot be used across pristine and disturbed wetlands. Together, our results suggest that water table and temperature are dominant controls on methane flux in pristine bogs and swamps, while other processes, such as vascular transport in pristine fens, have the potential to partially override the effect of these controls in other wetland types. Because wetland types vary in methane emissions and have distinct controls, these ecosystems need to be considered separately to yield reliable estimates of global wetland methane release. C1 [Turetsky, Merritt R.; Kotowska, Agnieszka; Olefeldt, David] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Bubier, Jill] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Environm Studies, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Dise, Nancy B.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Sch Sci & Environm, Manchester M15 6BH, Lancs, England. [Crill, Patrick] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hornibrook, Ed R. C.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Minkkinen, Kari] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Moore, Tim R.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada. [Moore, Tim R.] McGill Univ, Global Environm & Climate Change Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada. [Myers-Smith, Isla H.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Nykanen, Hannu] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Rinne, Janne] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Rinne, Janne] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Saarnio, Sanna] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Joensuu 80101, Finland. [Saarnio, Sanna] Joensuu Off, Finnish Environm Inst, Joensuu 80101, Finland. [Shurpali, Narasinha] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm Sci, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forestry, Joensuu, Finland. [Waddington, J. Michael] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S4L, Canada. [White, Jeffrey R.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wilmking, Martin] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. RP Turetsky, MR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM mrt@uoguelph.ca RI Myers-Smith, Isla/D-1529-2013; Rinne, Janne/A-6302-2008; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; White, Jeffrey/A-6965-2017; OI Myers-Smith, Isla/0000-0002-8417-6112; Rinne, Janne/0000-0003-1168-7138; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Hornibrook, Edward/0000-0003-4678-0180; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 FU NSF [DEB-0425328, DEB-0830997]; NASA; University of Minnesota; DOE; NSERC; DFG [Wi 2680/2-1]; NERC [NER/B/S/2000/00076, NER/S/A/2001/06001]; Academy of Finland [136455] FX This effort would not have been possible without the many collaborators and students who contributed to data collection at individual sites. In particular, we acknowledge the following key data contributors: Kristina Backstrand, Karen Bartlett, Helen Bowes, Art Elling, Inke Forbrich, Eville Gorham, Jennifer Harden, Sari Juutinen, Lars Kutzbach, Mirva Leppala, Dave McGuire, Timo Penttila, Robert D. Shannon, Shashi Verma, and Sandy Verry. We also thank Dave McGuire for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by NSF grants DEB-0425328 and DEB-0830997 to MRT, fellowships from NASA and the University of Minnesota to ND, NASA and DOE grants to JB, NSERC grants to TM, DFG Wi 2680/2-1 to MW, NERC grant NER/B/S/2000/00076 and studentship NER/S/A/2001/06001 to EH, and Academy of Finland grant 136455 to HN. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 22 U2 172 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 20 IS 7 BP 2183 EP 2197 DI 10.1111/gcb.12580 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ4WU UT WOS:000337680700015 PM 24777536 ER PT J AU Zhao, SQ Liu, SG AF Zhao, Shuqing Liu, Shuguang TI Scale criticality in estimating ecosystem carbon dynamics SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; disturbance; geospatial extent; process; scaling; spatial resolution ID ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; LAND-COVER; LANDSCAPE INDEXES; UNITED-STATES; SOIL-EROSION; MODELS; DISTURBANCE; RESOLUTION; SYSTEMS; PLANTS AB Scaling is central to ecology and Earth system sciences. However, the importance of scale (i.e. resolution and extent) for understanding carbon dynamics across scales is poorly understood and quantified. We simulated carbon dynamics under a wide range of combinations of resolution (nine spatial resolutions of 250 m, 500 m, 1 km, 2 km, 5 km, 10 km, 20 km, 50 km, and 100 km) and extent (57 geospatial extents ranging from 108 to 1 247 034 km(2)) in the southeastern United States to explore the existence of scale dependence of the simulated regional carbon balance. Results clearly show the existence of a critical threshold resolution for estimating carbon sequestration within a given extent and an error limit. Furthermore, an invariant power law scaling relationship was found between the critical resolution and the spatial extent as the critical resolution is proportional to A(n) (n is a constant, and A is the extent). Scale criticality and the power law relationship might be driven by the power law probability distributions of land surface and ecological quantities including disturbances at landscape to regional scales. The current overwhelming practices without considering scale criticality might have largely contributed to difficulties in balancing carbon budgets at regional and global scales. C1 [Zhao, Shuqing] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhao, SQ (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM sqzhao@urban.pku.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change [2010CB50600]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41071050, 31021001]; U.S. Geological Survey's Land Carbon Project; U.S. Carbon Trends Project under the Land Change Science (LCS) Program FX This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change (#2010CB50600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#41071050 and #31021001), and the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Carbon Project and the U.S. Carbon Trends Project under the Land Change Science (LCS) Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product name is for descriptive purpose only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 20 IS 7 BP 2240 EP 2251 DI 10.1111/gcb.12496 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ4WU UT WOS:000337680700020 PM 24323616 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Primavera, JH Dahdouh-Guebas, F McKee, K Bosire, JO Cannicci, S Diele, K Fromard, F Koedam, N Marchand, C Mendelssohn, I Mukherjee, N Record, S AF Lee, Shing Yip Primavera, Jurgene H. Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid McKee, Karen Bosire, Jared O. Cannicci, Stefano Diele, Karen Fromard, Francois Koedam, Nico Marchand, Cyril Mendelssohn, Irving Mukherjee, Nibedita Record, Sydne TI Ecological role and services of tropical mangrove ecosystems: a reassessment SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Carbon dynamics; ecosystem services; land building; management; mangroves; nursery function; shoreline protection ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; JUVENILE BANANA PRAWNS; CORAL-REEF FISH; ORGANIC-MATTER; ELEVATION CHANGE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; REPLANTED MANGROVES; PENAEUS-MERGUIENSIS; ESTUARINE MANGROVES; COASTAL VEGETATION AB Aim To reassess the capacity of mangroves for ecosystem services in the light of recent data. Location Global mangrove ecosystems. Methods We review four long-standing roles of mangroves: (1) carbon dynamics - export or sink; (2) nursery role; (3) shoreline protection; (4) land-building capacity. The origins of pertinent hypotheses, current understanding and gaps in our knowledge are highlighted with reference to biogeographic, geographic and socio-economic influences. Results The role of mangroves as C sinks needs to be evaluated for a wide range of biogeographic regions and forest conditions. Mangrove C assimilation may be under-estimated because of flawed methodology and scanty data on key components of C dynamics. Peri-urban mangroves may be manipulated to provide local offsets for C emission. The nursery function of mangroves is not ubiquitous but varies with spatio-temporal accessibility. Connectivity and complementarity of mangroves and adjacent habitats enhance their nursery function through trophic relay and ontogenetic migrations. The effectiveness of mangroves for coastal protection depends on factors at landscape/geomorphic to community scales and local/species scales. Shifts in species due to climate change, forest degradation and loss of habitat connectivity may reduce the protective capacity of mangroves. Early views of mangroves as land builders (especially lateral expansion) were questionable. Evidence now indicates that mangroves, once established, directly influence vertical land development by enhancing sedimentation and/or by direct organic contributions to soil volume (peat formation) in some settings. Main conclusions Knowledge of thresholds, spatio-temporal scaling and variability due to geographic, biogeographic and socio-economic settings will improve the management of mangrove ecosystem services. Many drivers respond to global trends in climate change and local changes such as urbanization. While mangroves have traditionally been managed for subsistence, future governance models must involve partnerships between local custodians of mangroves and offsite beneficiaries of the services. C1 [Lee, Shing Yip] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. [Lee, Shing Yip] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. [Primavera, Jurgene H.] Zool Soc London, Iloilo 5000, Philippines. [Primavera, Jurgene H.] SE Asian Fisheries Dev Ctr, Iloilo 5021, Philippines. [Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid; Mukherjee, Nibedita] Univ Libre Brussels, Lab Syst Ecol & Resource Management, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [McKee, Karen] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Bosire, Jared O.] Kenyan Marine & Fisheries Res Inst, Mombasa, Kenya. [Cannicci, Stefano] Univ Florence, Dept Biol, Florence, Italy. [Diele, Karen] Edinburgh Napier Univ, Sch Life Sport & Social Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fromard, Francois] CNRS, Lab Funct Ecol & Environm, EcoLab, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Koedam, Nico] Vrije Univ Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Marchand, Cyril] Inst Dev Res, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Mendelssohn, Irving] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Record, Sydne] Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Griffith Univ Gold Coast, Australian Rivers Inst, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia. EM joe.lee@griffith.edu.au RI Lee, Shing Yip/B-9185-2008; Cannicci, Stefano/L-7136-2015; Mukherjee, Nibedita/B-2531-2010 OI Cannicci, Stefano/0000-0002-6544-0213; Mukherjee, Nibedita/0000-0002-2970-1498 FU MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland); Scottish Funding Council [HR0901]; Flemish Interuniversity Cooperation - University Development Cooperation (VLIR-UOS); Belgian National Science Foundation (FNRS, FWO); Meeting on Mangrove ecology, functioning and Management MMM3; FP7-PEOPLE, IRSES Project 'CREC' [N 247514] FX This review was conceived at the Workshop of the MMM3 conference held at the Small Fisheries Federation of Lanka (SFFL) in July 2012, Sri Lanka. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. K.D. received funding from the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland, funded by the Scottish Funding Council - grant reference HR0901 - and contributing institutions). F.D.G., N.K. and N.M. received funding from the Flemish Interuniversity Cooperation - University Development Cooperation (VLIR-UOS) and the Belgian National Science Foundation (FNRS, FWO). F.D.G. and N.K. were supported by Meeting on Mangrove ecology, functioning and Management MMM3. F.D.G., N.C. and S.C. were supported by the FP7-PEOPLE, IRSES Project 'CREC' (N 247514). NR 177 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 38 U2 255 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 7 BP 726 EP 743 DI 10.1111/geb.12155 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AJ3CT UT WOS:000337543700003 ER PT J AU Fule, PZ Swetnam, TW Brown, PM Falk, DA Peterson, DL Allen, CD Aplet, GH Battaglia, MA Binkley, D Farris, C Keane, RE Margolis, EQ Grissino-Mayer, H Miller, C Sieg, CH Skinner, C Stephens, SL Taylor, A AF Fule, Peter Z. Swetnam, Thomas W. Brown, Peter M. Falk, Donald A. Peterson, David L. Allen, Craig D. Aplet, Gregory H. Battaglia, Mike A. Binkley, Dan Farris, Calvin Keane, Robert E. Margolis, Ellis Q. Grissino-Mayer, Henri Miller, Carol Sieg, Carolyn Hull Skinner, Carl Stephens, Scott L. Taylor, Alan TI Unsupported inferences of high-severity fire in historical dry forests of the western United States: response to Williams and Baker SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Letter DE Fire regime; fire severity; General Land Office survey; historical range of variability; ponderosa pine; wildfire ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; UPPER MONTANE FORESTS; STAND-REPLACING FIRE; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; TREE RECRUITMENT; NATIONAL-PARK; LONG-TERM AB Reconstructions of dry western US forests in the late 19th century in Arizona, Colorado and Oregon based on General Land Office records were used by Williams & Baker (2012; Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 1042-1052; hereafter W&B) to infer past fire regimes with substantial moderate and high-severity burning. The authors concluded that present-day large, high-severity fires are not distinguishable from historical patterns. We present evidence of important errors in their study. First, the use of tree size distributions to reconstruct past fire severity and extent is not supported by empirical age-size relationships nor by studies that directly quantified disturbance history in these forests. Second, the fire severity classification of W&B is qualitatively different from most modern classification schemes, and is based on different types of data, leading to an inappropriate comparison. Third, we note that while W&B asserted surprising' heterogeneity in their reconstructions of stand density and species composition, their data are not substantially different from many previous studies which reached very different conclusions about subsequent forest and fire behaviour changes. Contrary to the conclusions of W&B, the preponderance of scientific evidence indicates that conservation of dry forest ecosystems in the western United States and their ecological, social and economic value is not consistent with a present-day disturbance regime of large, high-severity fires, especially under changing climate. C1 [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Swetnam, Thomas W.; Falk, Donald A.; Margolis, Ellis Q.] Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, Peter M.] Rocky Mt Tree Ring Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Falk, Donald A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Aplet, Gregory H.] Wilderness Soc, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Battaglia, Mike A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Binkley, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Farris, Calvin] Natl Pk Serv, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. [Keane, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Grissino-Mayer, Henri] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Skinner, Carl] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA Serv Ctr PSW, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Taylor, Alan] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fule, PZ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM pete.fule@nau.edu OI Grissino-Mayer, Henri/0000-0003-1088-2927 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 7 BP 825 EP 830 DI 10.1111/geb.12136 PG 6 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AJ3CT UT WOS:000337543700012 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Gaffney, SA AF Woodman, Neal Gaffney, Sarah A. TI Can They Dig It? Functional Morphology and Semifossoriality Among Small-Eared Shrews, Genus Cryptotis (Mammalia, Soricidae) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burrowing; Eulipotyphla; fossoriality; insectivora; Neurotrichus; Soricomorpha; Talpidae; Uropsilus ID INTRINSIC HAND PROPORTIONS; FOSSORIAL ADAPTATIONS; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SORICOMORPHA; GUATEMALA; MARSUPIALS; HIGHLANDS; FORELIMB; RODENTS AB Small-eared shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae: Cryptotis), exhibit modifications of the forelimb skeleton that have been interpreted as adaptations for semifossoriality. Most species inhabit remote regions, however, and their locomotory and foraging behaviors remain mostly speculative. To better understand the morphological modifications in the absence of direct observations, we quantified variation in these species by measuring 151 individuals representing 18 species and populations of Cryptotis and two species of moles (Talpidae) for comparison. From our measurements, we calculated 22 indices, most of which have been used previously to characterize substrate use among rodents and other taxa. We analyzed the indices using 1) average percentile ranks, 2) principal components analysis, and 3) cluster analysis. From these analyses, we determined that three basic modes of substrate adaptation are present within Cryptotis: 1) a primarily terrestrial mode, with species that are capable of burrowing, but lack adaptations to increase digging efficiency, 2) a semi-fossorial mode, with species whose forelimbs bones show strong muscle attachment areas and increased mechanical advantage, and 3) an intermediate mode. In addition to identifying new morphological characters and contributing to our understanding of the functional morphology of soricids, these analyses provide additional insight into the ecology of the species of interest. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gaffney, Sarah A.] Smith Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 FU National Science Foundation - Natural History Research Experiences program of the USNM FX Contract grant sponsor: SAG was supported by the National Science Foundation-funded Natural History Research Experiences program of the USNM. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 275 IS 7 BP 745 EP 759 DI 10.1002/jmor.20254 PG 15 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA AJ4SR UT WOS:000337666700003 PM 24470078 ER PT J AU Chen, T Zhang, PZ Liu, J Li, CY Ren, ZK Hudnut, KW AF Chen, Tao Zhang, Pei Zhen Liu, Jing Li, Chuan You Ren, Zhi Kun Hudnut, Kenneth W. TI Quantitative study of tectonic geomorphology along Haiyuan fault based on airborne LiDAR SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Airborne LiDAR; Active fault; Quantitative tectonic geomorphology; Coseismic offset; Cumulative offset; Slip rate ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; COSMOGENIC BE-10; TIBETAN PLATEAU; PALLETT CREEK; SLIP RATE; CHINA; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; GANSU AB High-precision and high-resolution topography are the fundamental data for active fault research. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) presents a new approach to build detailed digital elevation models effectively. We take the Haiyuan fault in Gansu Province as an example of how LiDAR data may be used to improve the study of active faults and the risk assessment of related hazards. In the eastern segment of the Haiyuan fault, the Shaomayin site has been comprehensively investigated in previous research because of its exemplary tectonic topographic features. Based on unprecedented LiDAR data, the horizontal and vertical coseismic offsets at the Shaomayin site are described. The measured horizontal value is about 8.6 m, and the vertical value is about 0.8 m. Using prior dating ages sampled from the same location, we estimate the horizontal slip rate as 4.0 +/- A 1.0 mm/a with high confidence and define that the lower bound of the vertical slip rate is 0.4 +/- A 0.1 mm/a since the Holocene. LiDAR data can repeat the measurements of field work on quantifying offsets of tectonic landform features quite well. The offset landforms are visualized on an office computer workstation easily, and specialized software may be used to obtain displacement quantitatively. By combining precious chronological results, the fundamental link between fault activity and large earthquakes is better recognized, as well as the potential risk for future earthquake hazards. C1 [Chen, Tao; Zhang, Pei Zhen; Liu, Jing; Li, Chuan You; Ren, Zhi Kun] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Chen, Tao] Natl Earthquake Infrastruct Serv, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Zhang, PZ (reprint author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM peizhen@ies.ac.cn RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797 FU Fundamental Research Funds in the Institute of Geology [IGCEA1125]; Public Service Funds for Earthquake Studies [201308012]; National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [41225010]; Foundation of Returned Overseas Scholars of China FX Many thanks to Dr. Chai Chizhang, Dr. Lei Qiyun, and Dr. Du Peng for their help in the field campaigns. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and valuable suggestions. This work was funded by the Fundamental Research Funds in the Institute of Geology (IGCEA1125), the Public Service Funds for Earthquake Studies (201308012), the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (41225010), and the Foundation of Returned Overseas Scholars of China. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 EI 1861-9541 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 59 IS 20 BP 2396 EP 2409 DI 10.1007/s11434-014-0199-4 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI9UO UT WOS:000337285600005 ER PT J AU Long, JW Plant, NG Dalyander, PS Thompson, DM AF Long, J. W. Plant, N. G. Dalyander, P. S. Thompson, D. M. TI A probabilistic method for constructing wave time-series at inshore locations using model scenarios SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Coastal modeling; Waves; Wave prediction; Probabilistic models; Wave transformation ID SURF-ZONE; ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION; HEIGHTS; CLIMATE AB Continuous time-series of wave characteristics (height, period, and direction) are constructed using a base set of model scenarios and simple probabilistic methods. This approach utilizes an archive of computationally intensive, highly spatially resolved numerical wave model output to develop time-series of historical or future wave conditions without performing additional, continuous numerical simulations. The archive of model output contains wave simulations from a set of model scenarios derived from an offshore wave climatology. Time-series of wave height, period, direction, and associated uncertainties are constructed at locations included in the numerical model domain. The confidence limits are derived using statistical variability of oceanographic parameters contained in the wave model scenarios. The method was applied to a region in the northern Gulf of Mexico and assessed using wave observations at 12 m and 30 m water depths. Prediction skill for significant wave height is 0.58 and 0.67 at the 12 m and 30 m locations, respectively, with similar performance for wave period and direction. The skill of this simplified, probabilistic time-series construction method is comparable to existing large-scale, high-fidelity operational wave models but provides higher spatial resolution output at low computational expense. The constructed time-series can be developed to support a variety of applications including climate studies and other situations where a comprehensive survey of wave impacts on the coastal area is of interest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Long, J. W.; Plant, N. G.; Dalyander, P. S.; Thompson, D. M.] St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jwlong@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 FU United States Coast Guard; United States Geological Survey FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was funded by the United States Coast Guard and the United States Geological Survey. We thank Todd Holland for providing the Santa Rosa ADCP data used in this work and Li Erikson for her review of the initial manuscript The two anonymous reviewers also provided helpful and constructive feedback. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 89 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.03.008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AI8YG UT WOS:000337212300005 ER PT J AU Howard, RJ Wells, CJ Michot, TC Johnson, DJ AF Howard, Rebecca J. Wells, Christopher J. Michot, Thomas C. Johnson, Darren J. TI Effects of Disturbance Associated With Seismic Exploration for Oil and Gas Reserves in Coastal Marshes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Brackish marsh; Disturbance; Plant response; Resiliency; Seed bank; Three-dimensional seismic survey ID SEED BANKS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CAROLINA BAYS; ARCTIC TUNDRA; IMPACTS; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; RECOVERY; SALINITY AB Anthropogenic disturbances in wetland ecosystems can alter the composition and structure of plant assemblages and affect system functions. Extensive oil and gas extraction has occurred in wetland habitats along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast since the early 1900s. Activities involved with three-dimensional (3D) seismic exploration for these resources cause various disturbances to vegetation and soils. We documented the impact of a 3D seismic survey in coastal marshes in Louisiana, USA, along transects established before exploration began. Two semi-impounded marshes dominated by Spartina patens were in the area surveyed. Vegetation, soil, and water physicochemical data were collected before the survey, about 6 weeks following its completion, and every 3 months thereafter for 2 years. Soil cores for seed bank emergence experiments were also collected. Maximum vegetation height at impact sites was reduced in both marshes 6 weeks following the survey. In one marsh, total vegetation cover was also reduced, and dead vegetation cover increased, at impact sites 6 weeks after the survey. These effects, however, did not persist 3 months later. No effects on soil or water properties were identified. The total number of seeds that germinated during greenhouse studies increased at impact sites 5 months following the survey in both marshes. Although some seed bank effects persisted 1 year, these effects were not reflected in standing vegetation. The marshes studied were therefore resilient to the impacts resulting from 3D seismic exploration because vegetation responses were short term in that they could not be identified a few months following survey completion. C1 [Howard, Rebecca J.; Wells, Christopher J.; Michot, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Johnson, Darren J.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Rivers Serv 5, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Howard, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM howardr@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior FX We thank peer reviewers and journal editors for constructive criticism on a previous version of this article. The assistance of M. Sevier and T. Daigle with field data collection is appreciated. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 30 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0274-2 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI9UP UT WOS:000337285900005 PM 24788940 ER PT J AU Ray, AM Mebane, CA Raben, F Irvine, KM Marcarelli, AM AF Ray, Andrew M. Mebane, Christopher A. Raben, Flint Irvine, Kathryn M. Marcarelli, Amy M. TI Evaluation of a combined macrophyte-epiphyte bioassay for assessing nutrient enrichment in the Portneuf River, Idaho, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Nutrient bioassay; Lemna minor; Aquatic epiphytes; Duckweed; Macrophytes; Eutrophication ID DUCKWEED LEMNA-MINOR; ZOSTERA-MARINA L; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; GROWTH-PARAMETERS; LIMITED RELEVANCE; ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN AB We describe and evaluate a laboratory bioassay that uses Lemna minor L. and attached epiphytes to characterize the status of ambient and nutrient-enriched water from the Portneuf River, Idaho. Specifically, we measured morphological (number of fronds, longest surface axis, and root length) and population-level (number of plants and dry mass) responses of L. minor and community-level (ash-free dry mass [AFDM] and chlorophyll a [Chl a]) responses of epiphytes to nutrient enrichment. Overall, measures of macrophyte biomass and abundance increased with increasing concentrations of dissolved phosphorus (P) and responded more predictably to nutrient enrichment than morphological measures. Epiphyte AFDM and Chl a were also greatest in P-enriched water; enrichments of N alone produced no measurable epiphytic response. The epiphyte biomass response did not directly mirror macrophyte biomass responses, illustrating the value of a combined macrophyte-epiphyte assay to more fully evaluate nutrient management strategies. Finally, the most P-enriched waters not only supported greater standing stocks of macrophyte and epiphytes but also had significantly higher water column dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic carbon concentrations and a lower pH. Advantages of this macrophyte-epiphyte bioassay over more traditional single-species assays include the use of a more realistic level of biological organization, a relatively short assay schedule (similar to 10 days), and the inclusion of multiple biological response and water-quality measures. C1 [Ray, Andrew M.; Raben, Flint; Marcarelli, Amy M.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Ecol Res & Educ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID USA. [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Ray, AM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM andrew_ray@nps.gov OI Marcarelli, Amy/0000-0002-4175-9211 FU National Science Foundation Undergraduate Mentoring in Environmental Biology program [UMEB 03-05289]; NSF-Idaho EPSCoR program [EPS 04-47689]; Inland Northwest Research Alliance (Department of Energy) [DE-FG02-05ER64132]; Center for Ecological Research and Education; Stream Ecology Center at Idaho State University; Idaho Department of Environmental Quality FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Undergraduate Mentoring in Environmental Biology program (UMEB 03-05289), the NSF-Idaho EPSCoR program (EPS 04-47689), the Inland Northwest Research Alliance (Department of Energy Contract #DE-FG02-05ER64132), the Center for Ecological Research and Education and the Stream Ecology Center at Idaho State University, and the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. Field and laboratory support was also provided by the City of Pocatello, the Idaho Association of Soil Conservation Districts, and Three Rivers RC&D. The authors would also like to thank Kelsey Flandro, Stacey Raben, Jennifer Cornell, Heather Bechtold, and Colin Warnock for field and laboratory assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 186 IS 7 BP 4081 EP 4096 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3682-0 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI7AC UT WOS:000337030000010 PM 24549944 ER PT J AU Josephson, DC Robinson, JM Chiotti, J Jirka, KJ Kraft, CE AF Josephson, Daniel C. Robinson, Jason M. Chiotti, Justin Jirka, Kurt J. Kraft, Clifford E. TI Chemical and biological recovery from acid deposition within the Honnedaga Lake watershed, New York, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Acid deposition; Recovery; Chemistry; Fish; Zooplankton ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BROOK TROUT; ADIRONDACK REGION; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; SMALL STREAMS; ACIDIFIED LAKES; SURFACE WATERS AB Honnedaga Lake in the Adirondack region of New York has sustained a heritage brook trout population despite decades of atmospheric acid deposition. Detrimental impacts from acid deposition were observed from 1920 to 1960 with the sequential loss of acid-sensitive fishes, leaving only brook trout extant in the lake. Open-lake trap net catches of brook trout declined for two decades into the late 1970s, when brook trout were considered extirpated from the lake but persisted in tributary refuges. Amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1990 mandated reductions in sulfate and nitrogen oxide emissions. By 2000, brook trout had re-colonized the lake coincident with reductions in surface-water sulfate, nitrate, and inorganic monomeric aluminum. No changes have been observed in surface-water acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) or calcium concentration. Observed increases in chlorophyll a and decreases in water clarity reflect an increase in phytoplankton abundance. The zooplankton community exhibits low species richness, with a scarcity of acid-sensitive Daphnia and dominance by acid-tolerant copepods. Trap net surveys indicate that relative abundance of adult brook trout population has significantly increased since the 1970s. Brook trout are absent in 65 % of tributaries that are chronically acidified with ANC of < 0 mu eq/L and toxic aluminum levels (> 2 mu mol/L). Given the current conditions, a slow recovery of chemistry and biota is expected in Honnedaga Lake and its tributaries. We are exploring the potential to accelerate the recovery of brook trout abundance in Honnedaga Lake through lime applications to chronically and episodically acidified tributaries. C1 [Josephson, Daniel C.; Jirka, Kurt J.; Kraft, Clifford E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Robinson, Jason M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Chiotti, Justin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Waterford Substn, Waterford, MI USA. RP Josephson, DC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dcj3@cornell.edu FU Adirondack League Club; Adirondack Fishery Research Fund FX Assistance in the field and laboratory was provided by Cornell University staff and students including B. Weidel, S. Krueger, A. Barbato, T. Treska, M. Compton, I. Kiraly, E. Camp, L. Resseguie, M. Pepper, A. Garcia, J. Harris, and numerous other personnel. The Adirondack League Club provided access to Honnedaga Lake and member Peter Grose organized the weekly collection of tributary water samples in the summers 2008 to 2010. Funding for this project was provided by the Adirondack League Club and the Adirondack Fishery Research Fund. Chemical analysis of water samples collected from 2000 to 2011 were analyzed by the Darrin Fresh Water Institute Keck Water Quality Laboratory and the US Geological Survey Water Science Center both located in Troy, NY. G. Lawrence provided comments on an earlier version of this paper. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 186 IS 7 BP 4391 EP 4409 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3706-9 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI7AC UT WOS:000337030000034 PM 24671614 ER PT J AU Fischer, JR Quist, MC AF Fischer, Jesse R. Quist, Michael C. TI Characterizing lentic freshwater fish assemblages using multiple sampling methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Fish assemblage; Gear comparison; Impoundments; Natural lakes; Sampling techniques; Standardized sampling ID LARGE RIVER SYSTEMS; SMALL-BODIED FISHES; LITTORAL FISH; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SOUTH-DAKOTA; DIEL PERIOD; FYKE NETS; LAKES; COMMUNITIES; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Characterizing fish assemblages in lentic ecosystems is difficult, and multiple sampling methods are almost always necessary to gain reliable estimates of indices such as species richness. However, most research focused on lentic fish sampling methodology has targeted recreationally important species, and little to no information is available regarding the influence of multiple methods and timing (i.e., temporal variation) on characterizing entire fish assemblages. Therefore, six lakes and impoundments (48-1,557 ha surface area) were sampled seasonally with seven gear types to evaluate the combined influence of sampling methods and timing on the number of species and individuals sampled. Probabilities of detection for species indicated strong selectivities and seasonal trends that provide guidance on optimal seasons to use gears when targeting multiple species. The evaluation of species richness and number of individuals sampled using multiple gear combinations demonstrated that appreciable benefits over relatively few gears (e.g., to four) used in optimal seasons were not present. Specifically, over 90 % of the species encountered with all gear types and season combinations (N = 19) from six lakes and reservoirs were sampled with nighttime boat electrofishing in the fall and benthic trawling, modified-fyke, and mini-fyke netting during the summer. Our results indicated that the characterization of lentic fish assemblages was highly influenced by the selection of sampling gears and seasons, but did not appear to be influenced by waterbody type (i.e., natural lake, impoundment). The standardization of data collected with multiple methods and seasons to account for bias is imperative to monitoring of lentic ecosystems and will provide researchers with increased reliability in their interpretations and decisions made using information on lentic fish assemblages. C1 [Fischer, Jesse R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Fischer, JR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jessefischer@gmail.com; mcquist@uidaho.edu FU Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management-Iowa State University; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank M. Mork, S. Bisping, T. Neebling, J. Koch, W. Massure, A. Schaefer, R. Schultz, A. Fowler, and J. Christiansen for the assistance with field collection. We also thank P. Dixon, J. Downing, C. Paukert, C. Pierce, K. Roe, and two anonymous reviewers for the helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. This project was supported, in part, by the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management-Iowa State University, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government (no. 1-08-6493-I). NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 186 IS 7 BP 4461 EP 4474 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3711-z PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI7AC UT WOS:000337030000039 PM 24638937 ER PT J AU Eoff, JD AF Eoff, Jennifer D. TI Suspected microbial-induced sedimentary structures (MISS) in Furongian (Upper Cambrian; Jiangshanian, Sunwaptan) strata of the Upper Mississippi Valley SO FACIES LA English DT Article DE Late Cambrian; Lone Rock Formation; Siliciclastic; Microbial structures; Wrinkle marks ID TUNNEL CITY GROUP; ROLL-UP STRUCTURES; SOUTH-AFRICA; NORTH-AMERICA; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; MATS; CRACKS; SUPERGROUP; SANDSTONES; DEPOSITS AB The Furongian (Upper Cambrian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan) Tunnel City Group (Lone Rock Formation and Mazomanie Formation), exposed in Wisconsin and Minnesota, represents a shallow-marine clastic environment during a time of exceptionally high sea level. Lithofacies from shoreface to transitional-offshore settings document deposition in a wave-and storm-dominated sea. Flooding of the cratonic interior was associated with formation of a condensed section and the extensive development of microbial mats. Biolamination, mat fragments, wrinkle structures, and syneresis cracks are preserved in various sandstone facies of the Lone Rock Formation, as is evidence for the cohesive behavior of sand. These microbial-induced sedimentary structures (MISS) provide unique signals of biological-physical processes that physical structures alone cannot mimic. The MISS are associated with a trilobite extinction event in the Steptoean-Sunwaptan boundary interval. This may support recent claims that Phanerozoic microbial mats were opportunistic disaster forms that flourished during periods of faunal turnover. Further investigation of stratigraphic, taphonomic, and other potential biases, however, is needed to fully test this hypothesis. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Eoff, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jeoff@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR 0308685] FX I would like to thank M.E. Tucker and the reviewers of this manuscript, an anonymous reviewer, Pat Eriksson, University of Pretoria, and Katherine Whidden, U.S. Geological Survey. This paper is expanded and revised from a PhD dissertation completed at the University of Oklahoma, which was funded by NSF Grant EAR 0308685 to S. R. Westrop. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-9179 EI 1612-4820 J9 FACIES JI Facies PD JUL PY 2014 VL 60 IS 3 BP 801 EP 814 DI 10.1007/s10347-014-0400-x PG 14 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA AJ0LQ UT WOS:000337344100006 ER PT J AU Merten, GH Capel, PD Minella, JPG AF Merten, Gustavo Henrique Capel, Paul D. Minella, Jean P. G. TI Effects of suspended sediment concentration and grain size on three optical turbidity sensors SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Optical sensor; Scattered light; Sediment flux ID SOLIDS SENSORS; PARTICLE-SIZE; BACKSCATTER; SAND AB Purpose Optical turbidity sensors have been successfully used to determine suspended sediment flux in rivers, assuming the relation between the turbidity signal and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) has been appropriately calibrated. Sediment size, shape and colour affect turbidity and are important to incorporate into the calibration process. Materials and methods This study evaluates the effect of SSC and particle size (i.e. medium sand, fine sand, very fine sand, and fines (silt + clay)) on the sensitivity of the turbidity signal. Three different turbidity sensors were used, with photo detectors positioned at 90 and 180 degrees relative to the axis of incident light. Five different sediment ratios of sand: fines (0: 100, 25: 75, 50: 50, 75: 25 and 100: 0) were also evaluated for a single SSC (1000 mg l(-1)). Results and discussion The photo detectors positioned at 90 degrees were more sensitive than sensor positioned at 180 degrees in reading a wide variety of grain size particles. On average for the three turbidity sensors, the sensitivity for fines were 170, 40, and 4 times greater than sensitivities for medium sand, fine sand, and very fine sand, respectively. For an SSC of 1000 mg l(-1) with the treatments composed of different proportions of sand and fines, the presence of sand in the mixture linearly reduced the turbidity signal. Conclusions The results indicate that calibration of the turbidity signal should be carried out in situ and that the attenuation of the turbidity signal due to sand can be corrected, as long as the proportion of sand in the SSC can be estimated. C1 [Merten, Gustavo Henrique] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Pesquisas Hidraul, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Capel, Paul D.] USGS, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Minella, Jean P. G.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Solos, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. RP Merten, GH (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Pesquisas Hidraul, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM merten@iph.ufrgs.br FU CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico Programa Ciencia Sem Fronteiras FX The authors would like to thank Casey J. Lee of the USGS Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, KS, and Christopher A. Ellison and Jason L. Roth of the USGS Minnesota Water Science Center, Mounds View, MN, on the valuable contribution to improving this article. The authors would also to thank Jorge Rosso of Solar SA, Florianopolis, Brazil, for the generous loan of the optical turbidity sensors used in this study and Kimberlie Perkins, USGS, National Research Program, Menlo Park, CA, for the particle size analysis. Financial support was provided by CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico Programa Ciencia Sem Fronteiras. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 EI 1614-7480 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD JUL PY 2014 VL 14 IS 7 SI SI BP 1235 EP 1241 DI 10.1007/s11368-013-0813-0 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA AI9AE UT WOS:000337217300004 ER PT J AU Krebs, JM McIvor, CC Bell, SS AF Krebs, Justin M. McIvor, Carole C. Bell, Susan S. TI Nekton Community Structure Varies in Response to Coastal Urbanization Near Mangrove Tidal Tributaries SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Tampa Bay; Tidal tributaries; Rhizophora; Mosquito ditch; Nekton metrics ID FISH COMMUNITIES; LAND-USE; SALT-MARSH; TAMPA-BAY; CREEK ECOSYSTEMS; IMPERVIOUS COVER; ESTUARINE NEKTON; HABITAT QUALITY; RIVER; ASSEMBLAGES AB To assess the potential influence of coastal development on estuarine-habitat quality, we characterized land use and the intensity of land development surrounding small tidal tributaries in Tampa Bay. Based on this characterization, we classified tributaries as undeveloped, industrial, urban, or man-made (i.e., mosquito-control ditches). Over one third (37 %) of the tributaries have been heavily developed based on landscape development intensity (LDI) index values > 5.0, while fewer than one third (28 %) remain relatively undeveloped (LDI < 3.0). We then examined the nekton community from 11 tributaries in watersheds representing the four defined land-use classes. Whereas mean nekton density was independent of land use, species richness and nekton-community structure were significantly different between urban and non-urban (i.e., undeveloped, industrial, man-made) tributaries. In urban creeks, the community was species-poor and dominated by high densities of poeciliid fishes, Poecilia latipinna and Gambusia holbrooki, while typically dominant estuarine taxa including Menidia spp., Fundulus grandis, and Adinia xenica were in low abundance and palaemonid grass shrimp were nearly absent. Densities of economically important taxa in urban creeks were only half that observed in five of the six undeveloped or industrial creeks, but were similar to those observed in mosquito ditches suggesting that habitat quality in urban and mosquito-ditch tributaries is suboptimal compared to undeveloped tidal creeks. Furthermore, five of nine common taxa were rarely collected in urban creeks. Our results suggest that urban development in coastal areas has the potential to alter the quality of habitat for nekton in small tidal tributaries as reflected by variation in the nekton community. C1 [Krebs, Justin M.; Bell, Susan S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Krebs, Justin M.] AKRF Inc, Hanover, MD 21076 USA. [McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Krebs, JM (reprint author), AKRF Inc, 7250 Pkwy Dr Suite 210, Hanover, MD 21076 USA. EM jkrebs@akrf.com FU U.S. Geological Survey; L. Vanderbloemen; Jacobs Technology; State of Florida's Fisheries-Independent Monitoring Program; Pinellas County Environmental Fund [2007-0089-007] FX Thanks to A. Brame, M. Brown, N. Hansen, T. Richards, N. Silverman, M. Squitieri, and L. Yeager for assistance with fieldwork. Thanks also to the U.S. Geological Survey, L. Vanderbloemen, and Jacobs Technology, and the State of Florida's Fisheries-Independent Monitoring Program for providing project support and A. Krebs for providing domestic support. This project was partially funded by a grant from the Pinellas County Environmental Fund (#2007-0089-007). Approval for this study was granted by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol #W3340) at the Division of Comparative Medicine, University of South Florida. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The quality of the manuscript benefited from reviews by M. Greenwood, M. LaPeyre, and D. Sanger, several anonymous reviewers, and the editors. This manuscript represents partial fulfillment of the Ph.D. requirements for J. Krebs. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 815 EP 831 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9726-9 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI7AE UT WOS:000337030300003 ER PT J AU Krebs, JM Bell, SS McIvor, CC AF Krebs, Justin M. Bell, Susan S. McIvor, Carole C. TI Assessing the Link Between Coastal Urbanization and the Quality of Nekton Habitat in Mangrove Tidal Tributaries SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Tampa Bay; Tidal creek; Rhizophora; Mosquito ditch; Nekton metrics; CCA ID LAND-USE; CREEK ECOSYSTEMS; SALT-MARSH; IMPERVIOUS COVER; ESTUARINE NEKTON; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; LANDSCAPE; STREAMS; BAY; COMMUNITIES AB To assess the potential influence of coastal development on habitat quality for estuarine nekton, we characterized body condition and reproduction for common nekton from tidal tributaries classified as undeveloped, industrial, urban or man-made (i.e., mosquito-control ditches). We then evaluated these metrics of nekton performance, along with several abundance-based metrics and community structure from a companion paper (Krebs et al. 2013) to determine which metrics best reflected variation in land-use and in-stream habitat among tributaries. Body condition was not significantly different among undeveloped, industrial, and man-made tidal tributaries for six of nine taxa; however, three of those taxa were in significantly better condition in urban compared to undeveloped tributaries. Palaemonetes shrimp were the only taxon in significantly poorer condition in urban tributaries. For Poecilia latipinna, there was no difference in body condition (length-weight) between undeveloped and urban tributaries, but energetic condition was significantly better in urban tributaries. Reproductive output was reduced for both P. latipinna (i.e., fecundity) and grass shrimp (i.e., very low densities, few ovigerous females) in urban tributaries; however a tradeoff between fecundity and offspring size confounded meaningful interpretation of reproduction among land-use classes for P. latipinna. Reproductive allotment by P. latipinna did not differ significantly among land-use classes. Canonical correspondence analysis differentiated urban and non-urban tributaries based on greater impervious surface, less natural mangrove shoreline, higher frequency of hypoxia and lower, more variable salinities in urban tributaries. These characteristics explained 36 % of the variation in nekton performance, including high densities of poeciliid fishes, greater energetic condition of sailfin mollies, and low densities of several common nekton and economically important taxa from urban tributaries. While variation among tributaries in our study can be largely explained by impervious surface beyond the shorelines of the tributary, variation in nekton metrics among non-urban tributaries was better explained by habitat factors within the tributary and along the shorelines. Our results support the paradigm that urban development in coastal areas has the potential to alter habitat quality in small tidal tributaries as reflected by variation in nekton performance among tributaries from representative land-use classes. C1 [Krebs, Justin M.; Bell, Susan S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Krebs, Justin M.] AKRF Inc, Hanover, MD 21076 USA. [McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Krebs, JM (reprint author), AKRF Inc, 7250 Pkwy Dr,Suite 210, Hanover, MD 21076 USA. EM jkrebs@akrf.com FU U.S. Geological Survey; Jacobs Technology; State of Florida's Fisheries-Independent Monitoring Program; Pinellas County Environmental Fund [2007-0089-007] FX Thanks to A. Brame, M. Brown, N. Hansen, T. Richards, N. Silverman, M. Squitieri and L. Yeager for assistance with fieldwork. Thanks also to the U.S. Geological Survey, L. Vanderbloemen and Jacobs Technology, and the State of Florida's Fisheries-Independent Monitoring Program for providing project support and A. Krebs for providing domestic support. This project was partially funded by a grant from the Pinellas County Environmental Fund (#2007-0089-007). Approval for this study was granted by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol #W3340) at the Division of Comparative Medicine, University of South Florida. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The quality of the manuscript benefited from reviews by M. Greenwood, M. LaPeyre, and D. Sanger, several anonymous reviewers, and the editors. This manuscript represents partial fulfillment of the Ph.D. requirements for J. Krebs. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 832 EP 846 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9724-y PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI7AE UT WOS:000337030300004 ER PT J AU Thorne, KM Elliott-Fisk, DL Wylie, GD Perry, WM Takekawa, JY AF Thorne, Karen M. Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L. Wylie, Glenn D. Perry, William M. Takekawa, John Y. TI Importance of Biogeomorphic and Spatial Properties in Assessing a Tidal Salt Marsh Vulnerability to Sea-level Rise SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Accretion; Akaike Information Criterion; Climate change; Marsh; Sea-level rise; San Francisco Bay ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; VERTICAL ACCRETION; COASTAL WETLANDS; JOAQUIN DELTA; CALIFORNIA; ELEVATION; USA; ACCUMULATION; SACRAMENTO AB We evaluated the biogeomorphic processes of a large (309 ha) tidal salt marsh and examined factors that influence its ability to keep pace with relative sea-level rise (SLR). Detailed elevation data from 1995 and 2008 were compared with digital elevation models (DEMs) to assess marsh surface elevation change during this time. Overall, 37 % (113 ha) of the marsh increased in elevation at a rate that exceeded SLR, whereas 63 % (196 ha) of the area did not keep pace with SLR. Of the total area, 55 % (169 ha) subsided during the study period, but subsidence varied spatially across the marsh surface. To determine which biogeomorphic and spatial factors contributed to measured elevation change, we collected soil cores and determined percent and origin of organic matter (OM), particle size, bulk density (BD), and distance to nearest bay edge, levee, and channel. We then used Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) model selection to assess those variables most important to determine measured elevation change. Soil stable isotope compositions were evaluated to assess the source of the OM. The samples had limited percent OM by weight (< 5.5 %), with mean bulk densities of 0.58 g cm(-3), indicating that the soils had high mineral content with a relatively low proportion of pore space. The most parsimonious model with the highest AICc weight (0.53) included distance from bay's edge (i.e., lower intertidal) and distance from levee (i.e., upper intertidal). Close proximity to sediment source was the greatest factor in determining whether an area increased in elevation, whereas areas near landward levees experienced subsidence. Our study indicated that the ability of a marsh to keep pace with SLR varied across the surface, and assessing changes in elevation over time provides an alternative method to long-term accretion monitoring. SLR models that do not consider spatial variability of biogeomorphic and accretion processes may not correctly forecast marsh drowning rates, which may be especially true in modified and urbanized estuaries. In light of SLR, improving our understanding of elevation change in these dynamic marsh systems will play a crucial role in forecasting potential impacts to their sustainability and the survival of these ecosystems. C1 [Thorne, Karen M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Thorne, Karen M.; Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wylie, Glenn D.; Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Thorne, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kthorne@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center and National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; University of California, Davis; Jastro-Shields Research Award; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology Selma Herr Dissertation; Geography Graduate Group FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center and National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center for funding support. In addition, we would like to thank the University of California, Davis, the Geography Graduate Group, the Jastro-Shields Research Award, and the Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology Selma Herr Dissertation improvement grant for funding and assistance. The authors thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1 Realty Office, F. Ferruzzi, and Bestor Engineers for the 1995 survey work and to G. Block and C. Smith for providing access. Important statistical advice was provided by J. Yee. The authors would like to thank K. Spragens, L. Smith, H. Vaska, J. Felis, and L. Terrazas for field assistance. Helpful review comments and edits were provided by T. Suchanek, C. Freeman, C. Sloop, and C. Simenstad. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 941 EP 951 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9725-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI7AE UT WOS:000337030300011 ER PT J AU Williams, NC Bjorndal, KA Lamont, MM Carthy, RR AF Williams, Natalie C. Bjorndal, Karen A. Lamont, Margaret M. Carthy, Raymond R. TI Winter Diets of Immature Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) on a Northern Feeding Ground: Integrating Stomach Contents and Stable Isotope Analyses SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Green turtle; Chelonia mydas; Cold stun; St. Joseph Bay; Florida; Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; NEW-YORK; FLORIDA; ECOLOGY; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; HISTORY; ESTUARY AB The foraging ecology and diet of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, remain understudied, particularly in peripheral areas of its distribution. We assessed the diet of an aggregation of juvenile green turtles at the northern edge of its range during winter months using two approaches. Stomach content analyses provide a single time sample, and stable isotope analyses integrate diet over a several-month period. We evaluated diet consistency in prey choice over time by comparing the results of these two approaches. We examined stomach contents from 43 juvenile green turtles that died during cold stunning events in St. Joseph Bay, Florida, in 2008 and 2011. Stomach contents were evaluated for volume, dry mass, percent frequency of occurrence, and index of relative importance of individual diet items. Juvenile green turtles were omnivorous, feeding primarily on seagrasses and tunicates. Diet characterizations from stomach contents differed from those based on stable isotope analyses, indicating the turtles are not feeding consistently during winter months. Evaluation of diets during warm months is needed. C1 [Williams, Natalie C.; Carthy, Raymond R.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Williams, Natalie C.; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Lamont, Margaret M.; Carthy, Raymond R.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lamont, Margaret M.; Carthy, Raymond R.] US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Williams, NC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM natalie.williams@ufl.edu OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU sale of the Florida sea turtle license plate; Sea Turtle Grants Program; Knight Vision Foundation; Jennings Scholarship FX We express our sincere thanks and appreciation to H.J. Brockmann for her creative assistance, support, and advice throughout the research and writing process. We thank L. Avens, B. Stacy, A. Bolten, P. Eliazar, M. Frick, M. Lopez-Castro, M. Pajuelo, J. Pfaller, L. Soares, H. Vander Zanden, and P. Zarate for project and creative assistance. J. Curtis of the Stable Isotope Lab at the University of Florida assisted with stable isotope analyses. We thank S. Farris, M. Pajuelo, and B. Stephens for the collection of stomach contents. We also thank the many volunteers who assisted during the cold stunning events. The Sea Turtle Grants Program (funded from proceeds from the sale of the Florida sea turtle license plate), Knight Vision Foundation, and Jennings Scholarship funded this research. All research was performed under Florida Marine Turtle Permits #016 and #094. Samples were collected and processed in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Florida. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the US Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 986 EP 994 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9741-x PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI7AE UT WOS:000337030300015 ER PT J AU Echo-Hawk, PD Oxley, FM Williamson, PS Cantu, V Ostrand, K AF Echo-Hawk, Patricia D. Oxley, Florence M. Williamson, Paula S. Cantu, Valentin Ostrand, Kenneth TI Integrated management of an invasive macrophyte SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article C1 [Echo-Hawk, Patricia D.; Cantu, Valentin; Ostrand, Kenneth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resource Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Oxley, Florence M.; Williamson, Paula S.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Echo-Hawk, PD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resource Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM patricia_echo-hawk@fws.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 52 BP 97 EP 101 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V41TD UT WOS:000209567600012 ER PT J AU Tuttle, MLW Fahy, JW Elliott, JG Grauch, RI Stillings, LL AF Tuttle, Michele L. W. Fahy, Juli W. Elliott, John G. Grauch, Richard I. Stillings, Lisa L. TI Contaminants from Cretaceous black shale: I. Natural weathering processes controlling contaminant cycling in Mancos Shale, southwestern United States, with emphasis on salinity and selenium SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SULFUR; TITANIUM; MOBILITY; COLORADO; USA; PEDOGENESIS; REDUCTION; OXIDATION AB Soils derived from black shale can accumulate high concentrations of elements of environmental concern, especially in regions with semiarid to arid climates. One such region is the Colorado River basin in the southwestern United States where contaminants pose a threat to agriculture, municipal water supplies, endangered aquatic species, and water-quality commitments to Mexico. Exposures of Cretaceous Mancos Shale (MS) in the upper basin are a major contributor of salinity and selenium in the Colorado River. Here, we examine the roles of geology, climate, and alluviation on contaminant cycling (emphasis on salinity and Se) during weathering of MS in a Colorado River tributary watershed. Stage I (incipient weathering) began perhaps as long ago as 20 ka when lowering of groundwater resulted in oxidation of pyrite and organic matter. This process formed gypsum and soluble organic matter that persist in the unsaturated, weathered shale today. Enrichment of Se observed in laterally persistent ferric oxide layers likely is due to selenite adsorption onto the oxides that formed during fluctuating redox conditions at the water table. Stage II weathering (pedogenesis) is marked by a significant decrease in bulk density and increase in porosity as shale disaggregates to soil. Rainfall dissolves calcite and thenardite (Na2SO4) at the surface, infiltrates to about 1 m, and precipitates gypsum during evaporation. Gypsum formation (estimated 390 kg m(-2)) enriches soil moisture in Na and residual SO4. Transpiration of this moisture to the surface or exposure of subsurface soil (slumping) produces more thenardite. Most Se remains in the soil as selenite adsorbed to ferric oxides, however, some oxidizes to selenate and, during wetter conditions is transported with soil moisture to depths below 3 m. Coupled with little rainfall, relatively insoluble gypsum, and the translocation of soluble Se downward, MS landscapes will be a significant nonpoint source of salinity and Se to the Colorado River well into the future. Other trace elements weathering from MS that are often of environmental concern include U and Mo, which mimic Se in their behavior; As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb, which show little redistribution; and Cd, Sb, V, and Zn, which accumulate in Stage I shale, but are lost to varying degrees from upper soil intervals. None of these trace elements have been reported previously as contaminants in the study area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tuttle, Michele L. W.; Fahy, Juli W.; Elliott, John G.; Grauch, Richard I.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stillings, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Tuttle, MLW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964D,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mtuttle@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 46 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.12.010 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI1ZN UT WOS:000336654900006 ER PT J AU Tuttle, MLW Fahy, JW Elliott, JG Grauch, RI Stillings, LL AF Tuttle, Michele L. W. Fahy, Juli W. Elliott, John G. Grauch, Richard I. Stillings, Lisa L. TI Contaminants from cretaceous black shale: II. Effect of geology, weathering, climate, and land use on salinity and selenium cycling, Mancos Shale landscapes, southwestern United States SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; SULFUR; FORMS; ROCKS; FISH AB The Cretaceous Mancos Shale (MS) is a known nonpoint source for a significant portion of the salinity and selenium (Se) loads in the Colorado River in the southwestern United States and northwestern corner of Mexico. These two contaminants pose a serious threat to rivers in these arid regions where water supplies are especially critical. Tuttle et al. (companion paper) investigates the cycling of contaminants in a Colorado River tributary watershed (Uncompahgre River, southwestern Colorado) where the MS weathers under natural conditions. This paper builds on those results and uses regional soil data in the same watershed to investigate the impact of MS geology, weathering intensity, land use, and climate on salt and Se storage in and flux from soils on the natural landscape, irrigated agriculture fields, areas undergoing urban development, and wetlands. The size of salinity and Se reservoirs in the MS soils is quantified. Flux calculations show that during modern weathering, natural landscapes cycle salt and Se; however, little of it is released for transport to the Uncompahgre River (10% of the annual salinity and 6% of the annual Se river loads). When irrigated, salinity and Se loads from the MS soil increase (26% and 57% of the river load, respectively), causing the river to be out of compliance with Federal and State Se standards. During 100 years of irrigation, seven times more Se has been removed from agricultural soil than what was lost from natural landscapes during the entire period of pedogenesis. Under more arid conditions, even less salt and Se are expected to be transported from the natural landscape. However, if wetter climates prevail, transport could increase dramatically due to storage of soluble phases in the non-irrigated soil. These results are critical input for water-resource and land-use managers who must decide whether or not the salinity and Se in a watershed can be managed, what sustainable mitigation strategies are possible, and what landscapes should be targeted. The broader implications include providing a reliable approach for quantifying nonpoint-source contamination from MS and other rock units elsewhere that weather under similar conditions and, together with results from our companion paper, address the complex interplay of geology, weathering, climate, and land use on contaminant cycling in the arid Southwest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tuttle, Michele L. W.; Elliott, John G.; Grauch, Richard I.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fahy, Juli W.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fahy, Juli W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stillings, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Tuttle, MLW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964D,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mtuttle@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 46 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.12.011 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI1ZN UT WOS:000336654900007 ER PT J AU Neher, TDH Rosenberger, AE Zimmerman, CE Walker, CM Baird, SJ AF Neher, Tammy D. Hoem Rosenberger, Amanda E. Zimmerman, Christian E. Walker, Coowe M. Baird, Steven J. TI Use of glacier river-fed estuary channels by juvenile Coho Salmon: transitional or rearing habitats? SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Coho Salmon; Glacial estuaries; Early marine rearing; Smolting habitats ID LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; CHINOOK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MARK-RECAPTURE; PACIFIC SALMON; WILD; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; HATCHERY AB Estuaries are among the most productive ecosystems in the world and provide important rearing environments for a variety of fish species. Though generally considered important transitional habitats for smolting salmon, little is known about the role that estuaries serve for rearing and the environmental conditions important for salmon. We illustrate how juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch use a glacial river-fed estuary based on examination of spatial and seasonal variability in patterns of abundance, fish size, age structure, condition, and local habitat use. Fish abundance was greater in deeper channels with cooler and less variable temperatures, and these habitats were consistently occupied throughout the season. Variability in channel depth and water temperature was negatively associated with fish abundance. Fish size was negatively related to site distance from the upper extent of the tidal influence, while fish condition did not relate to channel location within the estuary ecotone. Our work demonstrates the potential this glacially-fed estuary serves as both transitional and rearing habitat for juvenile coho salmon during smolt emigration to the ocean, and patterns of fish distribution within the estuary correspond to environmental conditions. C1 [Neher, Tammy D. Hoem] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Walker, Coowe M.; Baird, Steven J.] Kachemak Bay Res Reserve, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Neher, TDH (reprint author), NOAA Kasitsna Bay Lab, 2181 Kachemak Dr, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM tammy.neher@noaa.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; State Wildlife Grants; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Experimental Program FX We wish to acknowledge and thank Leon Shaul and the two anonymous reviewers who provided reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. Much appreciation is expressed to University of Alaska School of Fisheries professors Franz Mueter and Megan McPhee for their review and guidance. The Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve provided much needed staff support, facilities, and equipment. Thank you to Angela Doroff, Ori Badajos, and Jasmine Maurer for providing assistance with equipment, data management, and editorial review. Volunteers Janet Fink, Jason Neher, Russ Walker, and Michelle Gutsch provided invaluable assistance with fieldwork. This research was conducted in the National Estuarine Research Reserve System under an award from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Additional funding came from State Wildlife Grants to KBRR, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and Alaska Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research. All work was completed under the University of Alaska Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved sampling plans. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2014 VL 97 IS 7 BP 839 EP 850 DI 10.1007/s10641-013-0183-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AH9EV UT WOS:000336445200008 ER PT J AU Boyle, MF Abella, SR Shelburne, VB AF Boyle, M. Forbes, II Abella, Scott R. Shelburne, Victor B. TI An ecosystem classification approach to assessing forest change in the southern Appalachian Mountains SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecological land classification; Ecosystem classification; Forest age; Jocassee Gorges; Logging; Succession ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; ECOLOGICAL SPECIES GROUPS; SUCCESSIONAL PATHWAYS; LANDSCAPE ECOSYSTEMS; SITE PRODUCTIVITY; JOCASSEE-GORGES; BOREAL FOREST; OAK FORESTS; MIXED-OAK; VEGETATION AB Multifactor ecosystem classification systems are designed to identify similar site units across the landscape based on repeating patterns of geomorphology, soil, and vegetation. Ecosystem classification models have been developed for numerous forest landscapes in North America and elsewhere, but few studies have employed multifactor classification techniques across forest disturbance and age gradients. With its myriad of landforms and history of logging, the 17,604-ha Jocassee Gorges tract in upstate South Carolina of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA, represents an ideal landscape to examine both spatial and temporal variability in vegetation-environment relationships. We examined a dual ecosystem and forest-age gradient, including five ecosystem types (ranging from xeric, upland Quercus ecosystems to moist, Tsuga canadensis ecosystems) and four forest-age classes (5-25, 26-50, 51-70, and >70 years old) within ecosystems. On 111 replicate 0.1-ha plots across the gradient, we sampled species composition of tree and ground-flora stratum, which we analyzed using permutation and ordination multivariate techniques. Overall differences in species composition for both strata occurred among ecosystems within all forest ages, and differentiation among ecosystems strengthened as forests aged. Age-related variation was evident within an ecosystem type for several ecosystems, but was generally weaker than variation among ecosystems. Ground flora was generally most sensitive to the age and ecosystem gradient, but the tree stratum also differed among age classes and several ecosystems. Forest composition across this landscape was filtered primarily by distribution of ecosystems serving as the physical template and secondarily by forest ages within ecosystems. Application of ecosystem classification to the full range of forest ages on the landscape also illuminated numerous considerations for forest management, such as a finding that of the three Quercus ecosystems on the landscape, a submesic ecosystem may be least resistant and resilient for maintaining Quercus dominance following logging. Results suggest that effectiveness of ecological classification systems as tools for landscape-scale management is enhanced when they include both spatial and temporal heterogeneity among ecosystem units. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Boyle, M. Forbes, II] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southeast Reg Inventory & Monitoring Network, Okefenokee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Folkston, GA 31537 USA. [Abella, Scott R.] Nat Resource Conservat LLC, Boulder City, NV 89005 USA. [Shelburne, Victor B.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Boyle, MF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southeast Reg Inventory & Monitoring Network, Okefenokee Natl Wildlife Refuge, 2700 Suwannee Canal Rd, Folkston, GA 31537 USA. EM maxwell_boyle@fws.gov FU South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Wildlife Conservation and Restoration Program FX This study was funded by a Grant from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Wildlife Conservation and Restoration Program. From SCDNR, we thank Richard Morton, Mark Hall, Breck Carmichael, Sam Stokes, Mary Bunch, Jimmy Kluge, and Greg Lucas for facilitating the study, providing logistical support, and for sharing ideas on regional forest ecology and management that greatly improved the study. We also appreciate the generous facilitation of fieldwork by Duke Power Company, including providing access across its land to study sites. From Clemson University, we thank Don Lipscomb for help preparing the stand map; Eran Kilpatrick and Patrick McMillan for identifying plant samples; and T.J. Powell and Jeremy Stovall for assisting with fieldwork. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript, and Sharon Altman (University of Nevada Las Vegas) for preparing Figs. 2-5. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 323 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.005 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AI2QZ UT WOS:000336704500010 ER PT J AU Patton, EW Seyed, P Wang, P Fu, LY Dein, FJ Bristol, RS McGuinness, DL AF Patton, Evan W. Seyed, Patrice Wang, Ping Fu, Linyun Dein, F. Joshua Bristol, R. Sky McGuinness, Deborah L. TI SemantEco: A semantically powered modular architecture for integrating distributed environmental and ecological data SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING AND ESCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Semantic web; Semantic environmental informatics; Provenance; Ecological data integration ID OPEN PROVENANCE MODEL; MANAGEMENT; ONTOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; SYSTEMS AB We aim to inform the development of decision support tools for resource managers who need to examine large complex ecosystems and make recommendations in the face of many tradeoffs and conflicting drivers. We take a semantic technology approach, leveraging background ontologies and the growing body of linked open data. In previous work, we designed and implemented a semantically enabled environmental monitoring framework called SemantEco and used it to build a water quality portal named SemantAqua. Our previous system included foundational ontologies to support environmental regulation violations and relevant human health effects. In this work, we discuss SemantEco's new architecture that supports modular extensions and makes it easier to support additional domains. Our enhanced framework includes foundational ontologies to support modeling of wildlife observation and wildlife health impacts, thereby enabling deeper and broader support for more holistically examining the effects of environmental pollution on ecosystems. We conclude with a discussion of how, through the application of semantic technologies, modular designs will make it easier for resource managers to bring in new sources of data to support more complex use cases. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Patton, Evan W.; Seyed, Patrice; Wang, Ping; Fu, Linyun; McGuinness, Deborah L.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Tetherless World Constellat, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Seyed, Patrice] Univ New Mexico, DataONE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dein, F. Joshua] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Bristol, R. Sky] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt & Synth, Reston, VA USA. RP Patton, EW (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Tetherless World Constellat, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pattoe@rpi.edu; seyeda2@rpi.edu; pingwang.cs@gmail.com; ful2@rpi.edu; fjdein@usgs.gov; sbristol@usgs.gov; dlm@cs.rpi.edu RI Trivedi, Kruti/E-7558-2015 FU Fujitsu; Lockheed Martin; LGS; Microsoft Research; Qualcomm; DARPA; IARPA; NASA; NIST; NSF; USGS; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; NSF's DataONE project FX The Tetherless World Constellation is supported in part by Fujitsu, Lockheed Martin, LGS, Microsoft Research, and Qualcomm, in addition to sponsored research from DARPA, IARPA, NASA, NIST, NSF, and USGS. E.W.P. is supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. A.P.S. is supported by NSF's DataONE project. The use of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X EI 1872-7115 J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 36 BP 430 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.future.2013.09.017 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AI3OB UT WOS:000336770700037 ER PT J AU Chizinski, CJ Martin, DR Hurley, KL Pope, KL AF Chizinski, Christopher J. Martin, Dustin R. Hurley, Keith L. Pope, Kevin L. TI Self-imposed length limits in recreational fisheries SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Angler surveys; Creel limits; Recreational fishing; Size at harvest; Angler motivation ID ANGLERS; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; LAKES; SELECTIVITY; HARVEST; L. AB A primary motivating factor on the decision to harvest a fish among consumptive-orientated anglers is the size of the fish. There is likely a cost-benefit trade-off for harvest of individual fish that is size and species dependent, which should produce a logistic-type response of fish fate (release or harvest) as a function of fish size and species. We define the self-imposed length limit as the length at which a captured fish had a 50% probability of being harvested, which was selected because it marks the length of the fish where the probability of harvest becomes greater than the probability of release. We assessed the influences of fish size, catch per unit effort, size distribution of caught fish, and creel limit on the self-imposed length limits for bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus and white crappie Pomoxis annularis combined, white bass Morone chrysops, and yellow perch Perca flavescens at six lakes in Nebraska, USA. As we predicted, the probability of harvest increased with increasing size for all species harvested, which supported the concept of a size-dependent trade-off in costs and benefits of harvesting individual fish. It was also clear that probability of harvest was not simply defined by fish length, but rather was likely influenced to various degrees by interactions between species, catch rate, size distribution, creel-limit regulation and fish size. A greater understanding of harvest decisions within the context of perceived likelihood that a creel limit will be realized by a given angler party, which is a function of fish availability, harvest regulation and angler skill and orientation, is needed to predict the influence that anglers have on fish communities and to allow managers to sustainable manage exploited fish populations in recreational fisheries. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, C1 [Chizinski, Christopher J.; Martin, Dustin R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chizinski, Christopher J.; Martin, Dustin R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hurley, Keith L.] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Chizinski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM cchizinski2@uni.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project [F-182-R] FX We thank Tyler Anderson, Zac Brashears, Phil Chvala, Darrol Eichner, Brad Eifert, Ryan Foley, Andy Glidden, Ron Grandi, Al Hanson, Caleb Huber, Rhonda Lawing, Dennis Liess, Jared Lorensen, George Maynard, Brad Newcomb, Minnie Petch, Robert Pierson, Joe Rydell, Jerry Ryschon, Jeff Schuckman, and Mike Smith for assistance in the field, and Lucas Kowalewski and Steven Chipps for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project F-182-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 155 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.022 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AH7XJ UT WOS:000336348400009 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Miller, DM Bedford, DR Philljps, SL AF Belnap, Jayne Miller, David M. Bedford, David R. Philljps, Susan L. TI Pedological and geological relationships with soil lichen and moss distribution in the eastern Mojave Desert, CA, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Arid; Biological soil crusts; Drylands; Microbiotic crusts ID CANYONLANDS-NATIONAL-PARK; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; VASCULAR PLANTS; CRUSTS; AUSTRALIA; NITROGEN; PRECIPITATION; ENVIRONMENT; STABILITY; ABUNDANCE AB Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are ubiquitous in drylands globally. Lichens and mosses are essential biocrust components and provide a variety of ecosystem services, making their conservation and management of interest. Accordingly, understanding what factors are correlated with their distribution is important to land managers. We hypothesized that cover, would be related to geologic and pedologic factors. We sampled 32 sites throughout the eastern Mojave Desert, stratifying by parent material and the age of the geomorphic surfaces. The cover of lichens and mosses on 'available ground' (L + M-av; available ground excludes ground covered by rocks or plant stems) was higher on limestone and quartzite-derived soils than granite-derived soils. Cover was also higher on moderately younger-aged geomorphic surfaces (Qya2, Qya3, Qya4) and cutbanks than on very young (Qya1), older-aged surfaces (Qia1, Qia2), or soils associated with coppice mounds or animal burrowing under Larrea tridentata. When all sites and parent materials were combined, soil texture was the most important factor predicting the occurrence of L + May, with cover positively associated with higher silt, very fine sand, and fine sand fractions and negatively associated with the very coarse sand fraction. When parent materials were examined separately, nutrients such as available potassium, iron, and calcium became the most important predictors of L + M-av cover. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Miller, David M.; Bedford, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Philljps, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2290 Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov FU Department of Defense's Straegic Environmental Research & Development Program; U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems (Priority Ecosystems Program, Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems) FX This work was funded by the Department of Defense's Straegic Environmental Research & Development Program and the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems (Priority Ecosystems Program, Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems). Many thanks are given to the multitude of scientists and technicians that took part in sampling and analysis, to Kevin Schmidt for helpful comments, and to Christy Parry and Kymm Herring for editing assistance. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 54 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 106 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.02.007 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH5SF UT WOS:000336190700006 ER PT J AU Philip, AM Jorgensen, EH Maule, AG Vijayan, MM AF Philip, Anju M. Jorgensen, Even H. Maule, Alec G. Vijayan, Mathilakath M. TI Tissue-specific molecular immune response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in emaciated anadromous Arctic charr SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fish; Salvelinus alpinus; Cytokines; Serum amyloid protein A; Suppressors of cytokine signalling; SOCS ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; SIGNALING SOCS; EXPRESSION; STARVATION; CORTISOL; GROWTH; SUPPRESSORS; IDENTIFICATION AB Anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) undergo voluntary winter fasting for months in the Arctic. We tested the hypothesis that extended fasting will compromise the ability of this species to evoke an immune response. Charr were either fed or fasted for 85 days and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the molecular immune response in the liver and spleen assessed at 8 and 96 h post-injection. LPS increased IL-1 beta, IL-8, and serum amyloid protein A (SAA) mRNA levels in both groups, but the liver IL-1 beta and IL-8, and spleen IL-8 responses were reduced in the fasted group. Fasting upregulated SOCS-1 and SOCS-2 mRNA abundance, while LPS stimulated SOCS-3 mRNA abundance and this response was higher in the fasted liver. Collectively, extended fasting and emaciation does not curtail the capacity of charr to evoke an immune response, whereas upregulation of SOCS may be a key adaptation to conserve energy by restricting the inflammatory response. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Philip, Anju M.; Vijayan, Mathilakath M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Jorgensen, Even H.] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Maule, Alec G.] USGS BRD, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Vijayan, MM (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM matt.vijayan@ucalgary.ca FU Tromso Research Foundation, University of Tromso, Norway; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This study was supported by the Tromso Research Foundation, University of Tromso, Norway and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X EI 1879-0089 J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2014.02.012 PG 8 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA AG7UR UT WOS:000335624800014 PM 24594135 ER PT J AU Sun, XD Hartzell, S AF Sun, Xiaodan Hartzell, Stephen TI Finite-fault slip model of the 2011 M-w 5.6 Prague, Oklahoma earthquake from regional waveforms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SOURCE PARAMETERS; RUPTURE HISTORY; GROUND-MOTION; GOLD MINE; KM DEPTH; INJECTION; INVERSION; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE AB The slip model for the 2011 M-w 5.6 Prague, Oklahoma, earthquake is inferred using a linear least squares methodology. Waveforms of six aftershocks recorded at 21 regional stations are used as empirical Green's functions (EGFs). The solution indicates two large slip patches: one located around the hypocenter with a depth range of 3-5.5 km; the other located to the southwest of the epicenter with a depth range from 7.5 to 9.5 km. The total moment of the solution is estimated at 3.37 x 10(24) dyne cm (M-w 5.65). The peak slip and average stress drop for the source at the hypocenter are 70 cm and 90 bars, respectively, approximately one half the values for the M-w 5.8 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake. The stress drop averaged over all areas of slip is 16 bars. The relatively low peak slip and stress drop may indicate an induced component in the origin of the Prague earthquake from deep fluid injection. C1 [Sun, Xiaodan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Transportat Tunnel Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. EM shartzell@usgs.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51208440] FX Regional records are available from Incorporated Research Institutions of Seismology (IRIS, www.iris.edu). The authors thank Robert Herrmann of Saint Louis University for performing additional regional moment tensor analysis of the Prague earthquake aftershocks. The authors benefited from personal communications with Daniel McNamara regarding the velocity structure and source parameters. We also thank Yuehua Zeng for his help on the calculation of the on-fault static stress drop. The paper was improved by reviews by Art McGarr, Daniel McNamara, and an anonymous reviewer. This work was completed while one of the authors (X. D. Sun) was visiting the USGS under Project 51208440 supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 12 BP 4207 EP 4213 DI 10.1002/2014GL060410 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN0SM UT WOS:000340294300014 ER PT J AU Langevin, SA Bowen, RA Reisen, WK Andrade, CC Ramey, WN Maharaj, PD Anishchenko, M Kenney, JL Duggal, NK Romo, H Bera, AK Sanders, TA Bosco-Lauth, A Smith, JL Kuhn, R Brault, AC AF Langevin, Stanley A. Bowen, Richard A. Reisen, William K. Andrade, Christy C. Ramey, Wanichaya N. Maharaj, Payal D. Anishchenko, Michael Kenney, Joan L. Duggal, Nisha K. Romo, Hannah Bera, Aloke Kumar Sanders, Todd A. Bosco-Lauth, Angela Smith, Janet L. Kuhn, Richard Brault, Aaron C. TI Host Competence and Helicase Activity Differences Exhibited by West Nile Viral Variants Expressing NS3-249 Amino Acid Polymorphisms SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS LINEAGE 2; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; AMERICAN CROWS; CENTRAL-EUROPE; NEW-YORK; STRAINS; BIRDS; FLAVIVIRUS; VIRULENCE AB A single helicase amino acid substitution, NS3-T249P, has been shown to increase viremia magnitude/mortality in American crows (AMCRs) following West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Lineage/intra-lineage geographic variants exhibit consistent amino acid polymorphisms at this locus; however, the majority of WNV isolates associated with recent outbreaks reported worldwide have a proline at the NS3-249 residue. In order to evaluate the impact of NS3-249 variants on avian and mammalian virulence, multiple amino acid substitutions were engineered into a WNV infectious cDNA (NY99; NS3-249P) and the resulting viruses inoculated into AMCRs, house sparrows (HOSPs) and mice. Differential viremia profiles were observed between mutant viruses in the two bird species; however, the NS3-249P virus produced the highest mean peak viral loads in both avian models. In contrast, this avian modulating virulence determinant had no effect on LD50 or the neurovirulence phenotype in the murine model. Recombinant helicase proteins demonstrated variable helicase and ATPase activities; however, differences did not correlate with avian or murine viremia phenotypes. These in vitro and in vivo data indicate that avian-specific phenotypes are modulated by critical viral-host protein interactions involving the NS3-249 residue that directly influence transmission efficiency and therefore the magnitude of WNV epizootics in nature. C1 [Langevin, Stanley A.; Reisen, William K.; Andrade, Christy C.; Ramey, Wanichaya N.; Maharaj, Payal D.; Brault, Aaron C.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Langevin, Stanley A.; Reisen, William K.; Andrade, Christy C.; Ramey, Wanichaya N.; Maharaj, Payal D.; Brault, Aaron C.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bowen, Richard A.; Bosco-Lauth, Angela] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Anishchenko, Michael; Kenney, Joan L.; Duggal, Nisha K.; Romo, Hannah; Bosco-Lauth, Angela; Brault, Aaron C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bera, Aloke Kumar; Kuhn, Richard] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sanders, Todd A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Smith, Janet L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Brault, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM abrault@cdc.gov OI Maharaj, Payal/0000-0002-4157-4479 FU NIAID NIH [R01-AI55607, AI061822]; CDC [UO1 CI000235] FX Funding for the described studies were provided by NIAID NIH grants R01-AI55607 and AI061822 and CDC grant UO1 CI000235. The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 27 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e100802 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0100802 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK6BK UT WOS:000338512200064 PM 24971589 ER PT J AU Osland, MJ Day, RH Larriviere, JC From, AS AF Osland, Michael J. Day, Richard H. Larriviere, Jack C. From, Andrew S. TI Aboveground Allometric Models for Freeze-Affected Black Mangroves (Avicennia germinans): Equations for a Climate Sensitive Mangrove-Marsh Ecotone SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RISING SEA-LEVEL; SALT-MARSH; COASTAL WETLANDS; NITROGEN-CONTENT; SOUTH FLORIDA; PUERTO-RICO; FORESTS; BIOMASS; CARBON AB Across the globe, species distributions are changing in response to climate change and land use change. In parts of the southeastern United States, climate change is expected to result in the poleward range expansion of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) at the expense of some salt marsh vegetation. The morphology of A. germinans at its northern range limit is more shrub-like than in tropical climes in part due to the aboveground structural damage and vigorous multi-stem regrowth triggered by extreme winter temperatures. In this study, we developed aboveground allometric equations for freeze-affected black mangroves which can be used to quantify: (1) total aboveground biomass; (2) leaf biomass; (3) stem plus branch biomass; and (4) leaf area. Plant volume (i.e., a combination of crown area and plant height) was selected as the optimal predictor of the four response variables. We expect that our simple measurements and equations can be adapted for use in other mangrove ecosystems located in abiotic settings that result in mangrove individuals with dwarf or shrub-like morphologies including oligotrophic and arid environments. Many important ecological functions and services are affected by changes in coastal wetland plant community structure and productivity including carbon storage, nutrient cycling, coastal protection, recreation, fish and avian habitat, and ecosystem response to sea level rise and extreme climatic events. Coastal scientists in the southeastern United States can use the identified allometric equations, in combination with easily obtained and non-destructive plant volume measurements, to better quantify and monitor ecological change within the dynamic, climate sensitive, and highly-productive mangrove-marsh ecotone. C1 [Osland, Michael J.; Day, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Larriviere, Jack C.; From, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Rivers Serv LLC 5, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Osland, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM mosland@usgs.gov OI From, Andrew/0000-0002-6543-2627; Osland, Michael/0000-0001-9902-8692 FU Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center FX This project was supported by the Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center (doi.gov/csc/southeast/index.cfm). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 69 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 27 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e99604 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0099604 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK6BK UT WOS:000338512200011 PM 24971938 ER PT J AU Stolper, DA Lawson, M Davis, CL Ferreira, AA Neto, EVS Ellis, GS Lewan, MD Martini, AM Tang, Y Schoell, M Sessions, AL Eiler, JM AF Stolper, D. A. Lawson, M. Davis, C. L. Ferreira, A. A. Santos Neto, E. V. Ellis, G. S. Lewan, M. D. Martini, A. M. Tang, Y. Schoell, M. Sessions, A. L. Eiler, J. M. TI Formation temperatures of thermogenic and biogenic methane SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS GENERATION; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; PETROLEUM; CARBON; CONSTRAINTS; SHALE; OIL; OXIDATION; EXPULSION; KINETICS AB Methane is an important greenhouse gas and energy resource generated dominantly by methanogens at low temperatures and through the breakdown of organic molecules at high temperatures. However, methane-formation temperatures in nature are often poorly constrained. We measured formation temperatures of thermogenic and biogenic methane using a "clumped isotope" technique. Thermogenic gases yield formation temperatures between 157 degrees and 221 degrees C, within the nominal gas window, and biogenic gases yield formation temperatures consistent with their comparatively lower-temperature formational environments (<50 degrees C). In systems where gases have migrated and other proxies for gas-generation temperature yield ambiguous results, methane clumped-isotope temperatures distinguish among and allow for independent tests of possible gas-formation models. C1 [Stolper, D. A.; Sessions, A. L.; Eiler, J. M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lawson, M.; Davis, C. L.] ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co, Houston, TX USA. [Ferreira, A. A.; Santos Neto, E. V.] Petrobras Res & Dev Ctr CENPES, Div Geochem, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Ellis, G. S.; Lewan, M. D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Martini, A. M.] Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Tang, Y.] Power Environm & Energy Res Inst, Covina, CA USA. [Schoell, M.] GasConsult Int Inc, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Stolper, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dstolper@caltech.edu RI Ellis, Geoffrey/G-8970-2011; Sessions, Alex/C-2752-2008; OI Sessions, Alex/0000-0001-6120-2763; Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 FU NSF; Petrobras; ExxonMobil; Caltech FX This work was supported by the NSF, Petrobras, ExxonMobil, and Caltech. We thank Petrobras and ExxonMobil for providing samples and permission to publish, C. Araujo and B. Peterson for helpful discussions, and R. Burruss and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All data used to support the conclusions in this manuscript are provided in the supplementary materials. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 10 U2 135 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 27 PY 2014 VL 344 IS 6191 BP 1500 EP 1503 DI 10.1126/science.1254509 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ7PZ UT WOS:000337889900046 PM 24970083 ER PT J AU Gartner, JE Cannon, SH Santi, PM AF Gartner, Joseph E. Cannon, Susan H. Santi, Paul M. TI Empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the transverse ranges of southern California SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Debris flow; Sediment-laden flood; Hazard assessment; Post-fire erosion; Volume of sediment ID WATER REPELLENCY; UNITED-STATES; BURNED AREAS; WILDFIRE; DOLOMITES; DELIVERY; COLORADO; EROSION; BASINS; RUNOFF AB Debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the Transverse Ranges of southern California pose severe hazards to nearby communities and infrastructure. Frequent wildfires denude hillslopes and increase the likelihood of these hazardous events. Debris-retention basins protect communities and infrastructure from the impacts of debris flows and sediment-laden floods and also provide critical data for volumes of sediment deposited at watershed outlets. In this study, we supplement existing data for the volumes of sediment deposited at watershed outlets with newly acquired data to develop new empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment produced by watersheds located in the Transverse Ranges of southern California. The sediment volume data represent a broad sample of conditions found in Ventura, Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, California. The measured volumes of sediment, watershed morphology, distributions of burn severity within each watershed, the time since the most recent fire, triggering storm rainfall conditions, and engineering soil properties were analyzed using multiple linear regressions to develop two models. A "long-term model" was developed for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by both debris flows and floods at various times since the most recent fire from a database of volumes of sediment deposited by a combination of debris flows and sediment-laden floods with no time limit since the most recent fire (n = 344). A subset of this database was used to develop an "emergency assessment model" for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows within two years of a fire (n = 92). Prior to developing the models, 32 volumes of sediment, and related parameters for watershed morphology, burn severity and rainfall conditions were retained to independently validate the long-term model. Ten of these volumes of sediment were deposited by debris flows within two years of a fire and were used to validate the emergency assessment model. The models were validated by comparing predicted and measured volumes of sediment. These validations were also performed for previously developed models and identify that the models developed here best predict volumes of sediment for burned watersheds in comparison to previously developed models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gartner, Joseph E.; Cannon, Susan H.] US Geol Survey, Landslides Hazards Program, Reston, VA USA. [Santi, Paul M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gartner, JE (reprint author), POB 25046,MS-966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 EI 1872-6917 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD JUN 24 PY 2014 VL 176 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA AJ7JG UT WOS:000337872400004 ER PT J AU Arsuaga, JL Martinez, I Arnold, LJ Aranburu, A Gracia-Tellez, A Sharp, WD Quam, RM Falgueres, C Pantoja-Perez, A Bischoff, J Poza-Rey, E Pares, JM Carretero, JM Demuro, M Lorenzo, C Sala, N Martinon-Torres, M Garcia, N de Velasco, AA Cuenca-Bescos, G Gomez-Olivencia, A Moreno, D Pablos, A Shen, CC Rodriguez, L Ortega, AI Garcia, R Bonmati, A de Castro, JMB Carbonell, E AF Arsuaga, J. L. Martinez, I. Arnold, L. J. Aranburu, A. Gracia-Tellez, A. Sharp, W. D. Quam, R. M. Falgueres, C. Pantoja-Perez, A. Bischoff, J. Poza-Rey, E. Pares, J. M. Carretero, J. M. Demuro, M. Lorenzo, C. Sala, N. Martinon-Torres, M. Garcia, N. Alcazar de Velasco, A. Cuenca-Bescos, G. Gomez-Olivencia, A. Moreno, D. Pablos, A. Shen, C. -C. Rodriguez, L. Ortega, A. I. Garcia, R. Bonmati, A. Bermudez de Castro, J. M. Carbonell, E. TI Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-PLEISTOCENE SITE; SIERRA-DE-ATAPUERCA; HOMO-HEIDELBERGENSIS; MORPHOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; DENTAL REMAINS; SPAIN; HOMINIDS; (SIERRA; AGE AB Seventeen Middle Pleistocene crania from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain) are analyzed, including seven new specimens. This sample makes it possible to thoroughly characterize a Middle Pleistocene hominin paleodeme and to address hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the Neandertals. Using a variety of techniques, the hominin-bearing layer could be reassigned to a period around 430,000 years ago. The sample shows a consistent morphological pattern with derived Neandertal features present in the face and anterior vault, many of which are related to the masticatory apparatus. This suggests that facial modification was the first step in the evolution of the Neandertal lineage, pointing to a mosaic pattern of evolution, with different anatomical and functional modules evolving at different rates. C1 [Arsuaga, J. L.; Martinez, I.; Gracia-Tellez, A.; Quam, R. M.; Pantoja-Perez, A.; Poza-Rey, E.; Lorenzo, C.; Sala, N.; Garcia, N.; Alcazar de Velasco, A.; Gomez-Olivencia, A.; Pablos, A.; Bonmati, A.] Ctr Mixto UCM ISCIII Evoluc & Comportamiento Huma, Madrid, Spain. [Arsuaga, J. L.; Pantoja-Perez, A.; Poza-Rey, E.; Garcia, N.; Bonmati, A.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Paleontol, Fac Ciencias Geol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Martinez, I.; Gracia-Tellez, A.] Univ Alcala De Henares, Area Paleontol, Dept Geol Geog & Medio Ambiente, Madrid, Spain. [Arnold, L. J.; Pares, J. M.; Demuro, M.; Martinon-Torres, M.; Pablos, A.; Ortega, A. I.; Bermudez de Castro, J. M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Evoluc Humana Burgo, Burgos, Spain. [Arnold, L. J.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Arnold, L. J.] Univ Adelaide, IPAS, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Aranburu, A.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Mineral & Petrol, Fac Ciencia & Tecnol, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. [Sharp, W. D.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Quam, R. M.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Anthropol, Binghamton, NY USA. [Quam, R. M.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Anthropol, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Falgueres, C.; Moreno, D.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Prehist, F-75231 Paris, France. [Bischoff, J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Carretero, J. M.; Moreno, D.; Pablos, A.; Rodriguez, L.; Garcia, R.] Univ Burgos, Lab Evoluc Humana, Dept Ciencias Hist & Geog, Burgos, Spain. [Demuro, M.] Univ Adelaide, IPAS, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Lorenzo, C.; Carbonell, E.] URV, Area Prehist, Dept Hist & Hist Art, Tarragona, Spain. [Lorenzo, C.; Carbonell, E.] Inst Catal Paleoecol Humana & Evolucio Social, Tarragona, Spain. [Cuenca-Bescos, G.] Univ Zaragoza, Aragosaurus IUCA, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Cuenca-Bescos, G.] Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Gomez-Olivencia, A.] Div Biol Anthropol, PAVE Res Grp, Cambridge, England. [Shen, C. -C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, High Precis Mass Spectrometry & Environm Change L, Dept Geosci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Carbonell, E.] Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol Beijin, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Arsuaga, JL (reprint author), Ctr Mixto UCM ISCIII Evoluc & Comportamiento Huma, Madrid, Spain. EM jlarsuaga@isciii.es RI Aranburu, Arantza/L-9502-2014; Gloria, Cuenca-Bescos/A-3616-2013; Gomez Olivencia, Asier/D-6531-2015; Lorenzo, Carlos/E-4290-2015; Carbonell, Eudald/G-3003-2015; Rodriguez, Laura/H-4774-2015; Sala, Nohemi/N-9961-2014; Shen, Chuan-Chou/H-9642-2013; Pablos, Adrian/H-4751-2015; OI Arnold, Lee/0000-0001-9603-3824; Martinon-Torres, Maria/0000-0002-2750-4554; SHEN, CHUAN-CHOU/0000-0003-2833-2771; martinez, ignacio/0000-0002-1835-9199; Ortega, Ana Isabel/0000-0002-4034-0128; DAVINIA, MORENO/0000-0001-8470-6825; Quam, Rolf/0000-0002-1140-5615; GARCIA-GONZALEZ, REBECA/0000-0002-1035-6655; Gloria, Cuenca-Bescos/0000-0001-5125-9651; Gomez Olivencia, Asier/0000-0001-7831-3902; Lorenzo, Carlos/0000-0001-5706-293X; Rodriguez, Laura/0000-0002-5090-1582; Pablos, Adrian/0000-0003-1630-4941; Sala, Nohemi/0000-0002-0896-1493 FU Ramon y Cajal Program [RYC-2010-06152]; BU-SUNY; AMNH; MECD [AP-2009-4096]; CAM [S2010/BMD-2330]; MINECO [BES-2010-039961, CGL2012-38434-C03-01, 03]; Marie Curie-IEF contract [PIRG8-GA-2010-276810]; Marie Curie-IRG contract [PIRG8-GA-2010-276810]; Fundacion Atapuerca grants; ARCFF [FT130100195]; Taiwan ROC MOST grant [100-2116-M-002-009, 101-2116-M-002-009, 101R7625]; NTU grant [100-2116-M-002-009, 101-2116-M-002-009, 101R7625]; JCyL [BU005A09, DGR 2009 SGR-324]; Fundacion Atapuerca FX We are grateful to the Atapuerca team, especially A. Esquivel for work in SH and M. C. Ortega for restoration of the SH fossils, and to K. Ludwig, J. Rofes, and J. M. Lopez-Garcia for constructive discussions. E. Santos assisted with computed tomography scanning and J. Trueba provided the photos. For access to the comparative materials, we thank P. Mennecier, A. Froment, H. de Lumley, D. Grimaud-Herve, C. B. Stringer, R. Kruszynski, G. D. Koufous, D. Mania, D. Lieberman, and J. Haas. A.G.-T. has a contract from the Ramon y Cajal Program (RYC-2010-06152). R. M. Q. received financial support from BU-SUNY and the AMNH. A. P.-P. has a MECD grant (AP-2009-4096). E.P.-R. has a CAM grant (S2010/BMD-2330). A. A. V. has a MINECO grant (BES-2010-039961). A.G.-O. and M. D. have a Marie Curie-IEF and a Marie Curie-IRG (PIRG8-GA-2010-276810) contracts. N.S., A. B., L. R., A. P.-P., A. A. V., and R. G. received Fundacion Atapuerca grants. L. J. A. has an ARCFF grant (FT130100195). Dating at the Berkeley Geochronology Center was supported by the Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation. U-Th isotopic analysis at the HISPEC was supported by Taiwan ROC MOST and NTU grants (100-2116-M-002-009, 101-2116-M-002-009, 101R7625). Thanks to SGIker-UPV/EHU for their research facilities. This research was supported by the MINECO (CGL2012-38434-C03-01 and 03) and the JCyL (BU005A09, DGR 2009 SGR-324) projects. Fieldwork was funded by the JCyL and the Fundacion Atapuerca. Junta de Castilla y Leon is the repository of the fossils. NR 44 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 124 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 344 IS 6190 BP 1358 EP 1363 DI 10.1126/science.1253958 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ2YQ UT WOS:000337531700030 PM 24948730 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Schreier, TM Porcher, ST Smerud, JR Gaikowski, MP AF Meinertz, Jeffery R. Schreier, Theresa M. Porcher, Scott T. Smerud, Justin R. Gaikowski, Mark P. TI Depletion of eugenol residues from the skin-on fillet tissue of rainbow trout exposed to C-14-labeled eugenol SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE AQUI-S (R) 20E; Eugenol; Total residues; Depletion; Anesthetic; Sedative ID SAMPLES AB The U.S. is lagging in access to an approved immediate-release sedative, i.e. a compound that can be safely and effectively used to sedate fish and has no withdrawal period. AQUI-S (R) 20E (10% active ingredient, eugenol) is under investigation as an immediate-release sedative for freshwater finfish. Because of its investigational status, data are needed to characterize the depletion, distribution, and identity of AQUI-S (R) 20E residues in fillet tissue. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to uniformly ring labeled C-14-eugenol at a nominal concentration of 10 mg/L for 60 min in 18 degrees C water. Fish (n = 6) were sampled immediately after the exposure (0 min) then at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. Eugenol concentrations and characterization of C-14 residues in the fillet tissue were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and flow-through liquid scintillation counting techniques. Total C-14-residue burdens in fillet tissue were determined by tissue oxidation and static liquid scintillation counting techniques. Maximum eugenol and C-14-eugenol equivalent residue concentrations in the fillet tissue were measured immediately after the exposure (44.5 and 38.8 mu g/g, respectively). Eugenol was the primary C-14-residue (>90% of all C-14-residues) in extracts from fillet tissue taken from fish sampled immediately after the exposure (0 min) and from fish sampled at 30 and 60 min after the exposure. The depletion of C-14-eugenol residues from the fillet tissue was rapid (t(1/2) = 26.25 min) after transferring the exposed fish to fresh flowing water. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Schreier, Theresa M.; Porcher, Scott T.; Smerud, Justin R.; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU U.S. Army Corp of Engineers; FDA Minor Use/Minor Species Grant Program [RFA-FD-10-001] FX The authors thank the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers and the FDA Minor Use/Minor Species Grant Program (RFA-FD-10-001) for fully funding the work described in this manuscript. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 430 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.050 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI0UG UT WOS:000336564900011 ER PT J AU Niemuth, ND Fleming, KK Reynolds, RE AF Niemuth, Neal D. Fleming, Kathleen K. Reynolds, Ronald E. TI Waterfowl Conservation in the US Prairie Pothole Region: Confronting the Complexities of Climate Change SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NORTH-DAKOTA; LAND-USE; WETLANDS; TRENDS; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; HABITAT; HYDROLOGY AB The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is the most important waterfowl production area in North America. However, waterfowl populations there are predicted to decline because of climate-related drying of wetlands. Consequently, changes in the geographic focus of PPR waterfowl conservation have been recommended, which could have long-lasting and costly impacts. We used a 40-year dataset of pond counts collected in the PPR to test hypotheses about climate-related drying. We assessed May (1974-2013) and July (1974-2003) pond numbers in 20 waterfowl survey strata to determine if trends in pond numbers were consistent with predictions of drying. We also assessed trends in precipitation and temperature for the 20 strata and developed models describing May pond numbers from 1974 through 2010 as a function of precipitation, temperature, the previous year's pond numbers, and location. None of the 20 strata showed significant declines in May pond numbers, although seven strata showed increases over time. July pond numbers declined significantly in one stratum, and increased in seven strata. An index to hydroperiod showed significant increasing trends in three strata, and no strata had decreasing trends. Precipitation increased significantly in two strata and decreased in two from 1974 to 2010; no strata showed significant changes in temperature. The best linear model described pond numbers within all strata as a function of precipitation, temperature, the previous year's pond numbers, and the latitude and longitude of the stratum, and explained 62% of annual variation in pond numbers. We hypothesize that direct effects of climate change on prairie pothole wetlands and waterfowl may be overshadowed by indirect effects such as intensified land use and increased pressure to drain wetlands. We recommend that an adaptive, data-driven approach be used to resolve uncertainties regarding direct and indirect effects of climate change on prairie wetlands and waterfowl, and guide future conservation efforts. C1 [Niemuth, Neal D.; Reynolds, Ronald E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Fleming, Kathleen K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD USA. RP Niemuth, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM Neal_Niemuth@fws.gov NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 51 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 17 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e100034 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0100034 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK5YM UT WOS:000338503400065 PM 24937641 ER PT J AU Route, WT Key, RL Russell, RE Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ AF Route, William T. Key, Rebecca L. Russell, Robin E. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Strynar, Mark J. TI Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Concentrations of Perfluorinated Compounds in Bald Eagle Nestlings in the Upper Midwestern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID PFOA; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GREAT-LAKES; DRINKING-WATER; HUMAN-PLASMA; HUMAN-SERUM; SULFONATE; CONTAMINANTS; FISH; IDENTIFICATION AB Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) are of concern due to their widespread use, persistence in the environment, tendency to accumulate in animal tissues, and growing evidence of toxicity. Between 2006 and 2011 we collected blood plasma from 261 bald eagle nestlings in six study areas from the upper Midwestern United States. Samples were assessed for levels of 16 different PFCs. We used regression analysis in a Bayesian framework to evaluate spatial and temporal trends for these analytes. We found levels as high as 7370 ng/mL for the sum of all 16 PFCs (Sigma PFCs). Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorodecanesulfonate (PFDS) were the most abundant analytes, making up 67% and 23% of the PFC burden, respectively. Levels of Sigma PFC, PFOS, and PFDS were highest in more urban and industrial areas, moderate on Lake Superior, and low on the remote upper St. Croix River watershed. We found evidence of declines in Sigma PFCs and seven analytes, including PFOS, PFDS, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); no trend in two analytes; and increases in two analytes. We argue that PFDS, a long-chained PFC with potential for high bioaccumulation and toxicity, should be considered for future animal and human studies. C1 [Route, William T.; Key, Rebecca L.] Natl Pk Serv, Great Lakes Inventory & Monitoring Network, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Route, WT (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Great Lakes Inventory & Monitoring Network, Suite D,2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM bill_route@nps.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU U.S. National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; Donald Weesner Foundation FX Primary funding was provided by the U.S. National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network with additional support from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, and the Donald Weesner Foundation. A portion of this work was conducted as part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between the USEPA and Agilent Technologies (#437-07). P. Bost, USEPA, and the 3M Corporation provided blind laboratory analyses, and G. Miller, Prairie Island Indian Community provided sample results and field assistance, as in-kind contributions. The Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene was contracted as the primary analytical laboratory. We thank J. Campbell-Spickler and G. Renzullo for tree climbing and handling of nestlings, M. Martell for handling of nestlings, and many national park service staff and volunteers for assistance with data collection and logistics. We appreciate constructive comments on drafts of this manuscript by B. La Francois, D. VanderMeulen, L. Weller, and R. Erikson. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development has reviewed this article and approved it for publication. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 17 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 12 BP 6653 EP 6660 DI 10.1021/es501055d PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ4KU UT WOS:000337646000017 PM 24898913 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Moffett, KB Windham-Myers, L Gorelick, SM AF Zhang, Hua Moffett, Kevan B. Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Gorelick, Steven M. TI Hydrological Controls on Methylmercury Distribution and Flux in a Tidal Marsh SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SALT-MARSH; TOTAL MERCURY; VEGETATION PATTERNS; SUBSURFACE FLOW; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COASTAL LAGOON AB The San Francisco Estuary, California, contains mercury (Hg) contamination originating from historical regional gold and Hg mining operations. We measured hydrological and geochemical variables in a tidal marsh of the Palo Alto Bay lands Nature Preserve to determine the sources, location, and magnitude of hydrological fluxes of methylmercury (MeHg), a bioavailable Hg species of ecological and health concern. Based on measured concentrations and detailed finite-element simulation of coupled surface water and saturated-unsaturated groundwater flow, we found pore water MeHg was concentrated in unsaturated pockets that persisted over tidal cycles. These pockets, occurring over 16% of the marsh plain area, corresponded to the marsh root zone. Groundwater discharge (e.g., exfiltration) to the tidal channel represented a significant source of MeHg during low tide. We found that nonchannelized flow accounted for up to 20% of the MeHg flux to the estuary. The estimated net flux of filter-passing (0.45 mu m) MeHg toward estuary was 10 +/- 5 ng m(-2) day(-1) during a single 12-h tidal cycle, suggesting an annual MeHg load of 1.17 +/- 0.58 kg when the estimated flux was applied to present tidal marshes and planned marsh restorations throughout the San Francisco Estuary. C1 [Zhang, Hua; Gorelick, Steven M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Moffett, Kevan B.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gorelick, SM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gorelick@stanford.edu RI Zhang, Hua/J-4639-2013 OI Zhang, Hua/0000-0002-6470-933X FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1013843] FX We thank the City of Palo Alto and the Palo Alto Bay lands Nature Preserve for field site access. We thank Le Kieu (USGS), A. Seyfferth, G. Li, and S. Fendorf (Stanford) for field and laboratory assistance. We particularly thank Jessica Dittmar (Stanford) for obtaining the XRF data and providing field and lab assistance, as well as Ruben Kretzschmar and Kurt Barmettler (ETH Zurich) for use of the XRF instrumentation. Review comments by Jacob Fleck (USGS) improved the manuscript. This research was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1013843. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 17 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 12 BP 6795 EP 6804 DI 10.1021/es500781g PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ4KU UT WOS:000337646000034 PM 24828335 ER PT J AU Miller, LG Baesman, SM Carlstrom, CI Coates, JD Oremland, RS AF Miller, Laurence G. Baesman, Shaun M. Carlstroem, Charlotte I. Coates, John D. Oremland, Ronald S. TI Methane oxidation linked to chlorite dismutation SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorite; perchlorate; chlorate; methane; oxidation ID ENHANCED OIL-RECOVERY; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; (PER)CHLORATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; REDUCTION; PERCHLORATE; ENRICHMENT; RESERVOIRS; DIVERSITY; ACETYLENE; SEDIMENTS AB We examined the potential for CH4 oxidation to be coupled with oxygen derived from the dissimilatory reduction of perchlorate, chlorate, or via chlorite (ClO2-) dismutation. Although dissimilatory reduction of ClO4- and ClO3- could be inferred from the accumulation of chloride ions either in spent media or in soil slurries prepared from exposed freshwater lake sediment, neither of these oxyanions evoked methane oxidation when added to either anaerobic mixed cultures or soil enriched in methanotrophs. In contrast, ClO2- amendment elicited such activity. Methane (0.2 kPa) was completely removed within several days from the headspace of cell suspensions of Dechloromonas agitata CKB incubated with either Methylococcus capsulatus Bath or Methylomicrobium album BG8 in the presence of 5 mM ClO2-. We also observed complete removal of 0.2 kPa CH4 in bottles containing soil enriched in methanotrophs when co-incubated with D. agitata CKB and 10 mM ClO2-. However, to be effective these experiments required physical separation of soil from D. agitate CKB to allow for the partitioning of O-2 liberated from chlorite dismutation into the shared headspace. Although a link between ClO2- and CH4 consumption was established in soils and cultures, no upstream connection with either ClO4- or ClO3- was discerned. This result suggests that the release of 02 during enzymatic perchlorate reduction was negligible, and that the oxygen produced was unavailable to the aerobic methanotrophs. C1 [Miller, Laurence G.; Baesman, Shaun M.; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Carlstroem, Charlotte I.; Coates, John D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 480,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lgmiller@usgs.gov FU USGS National Research Program; NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program FX We thank Jeremy Semrau and Jeongdai Im for supplying methanotrophic cultures. Nona Chiariello and Philippe Cohen provide access to Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and Searsville Lake. Stacy Bennett assisted in the lab. Financial support was provided by USGS National Research Program and NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 32 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD JUN 17 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 275 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00275 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AJ3AP UT WOS:000337537400001 PM 24987389 ER PT J AU Segou, M Parsons, T AF Segou, M. Parsons, T. TI The stress shadow problem in physics-based aftershock forecasting: Does incorporation of secondary stress changes help? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; DYNAMIC STRESS; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; SLIP; SEQUENCE; DISTANCE; DENSITY; TESTS AB Main shocks are calculated to cast stress shadows across broad areas where aftershocks occur. Thus, a key problem with stress-based operational forecasts is that they can badly underestimate aftershock occurrence in the shadows. We examine the performance of two physics-based earthquake forecast models (Coulomb rate/state (CRS)) based on Coulomb stress changes and a rate-and-state friction law for their predictive power on the 1989 M-w = 6.9 Loma Prieta aftershock sequence. The CRS-1 model considers the stress perturbations associated with the main shock rupture only, whereas CRS-2 uses an updated stress field with stresses imparted by M >= 3.5 aftershocks. Including secondary triggering effects slightly improves predictability, but physics-based models still underestimate aftershock rates in locations of initial negative stress changes. Furthermore, CRS-2 does not explain aftershock occurrence where secondary stress changes enhance the initial stress shadow. Predicting earthquake occurrence in calculated stress shadow zones remains a challenge for stress-based forecasts, and additional triggering mechanisms must be invoked. C1 [Segou, M.; Parsons, T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Segou, M (reprint author), GeoAzur CNRS, Valbonne, France. EM segou@geoazur.unice.fr OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3810 EP 3817 DI 10.1002/2013GL058744 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL6YP UT WOS:000339280200018 ER PT J AU Harris, RA Abrahamson, NA AF Harris, Ruth A. Abrahamson, Norman A. TI Strong ground motions generated by earthquakes on creeping faults SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION AB A tenet of earthquake science is that faults are locked in position until they abruptly slip during the sudden strain-relieving events that are earthquakes. Whereas it is expected that locked faults when they finally do slip will produce noticeable ground shaking, what is uncertain is how the ground shakes during earthquakes on creeping faults. Creeping faults are rare throughout much of the Earth's continental crust, but there is a group of them in the San Andreas fault system. Here we evaluate the strongest ground motions from the largest well-recorded earthquakes on creeping faults. We find that the peak ground motions generated by the creeping fault earthquakes are similar to the peak ground motions generated by earthquakes on locked faults. Our findings imply that buildings near creeping faults need to be designed to withstand the same level of shaking as those constructed near locked faults. C1 [Harris, Ruth A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Abrahamson, Norman A.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94106 USA. RP Harris, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM harris@usgs.gov RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 FU USGS-PG&E Cooperative Research and Development Agreement FX The data used for this paper is available from the publically available database http://peer.berkeley.edu/ngawest2/databases/. Thanks to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) colleagues J. Luke Blair for creating Figure 1, Keith Knudsen, Annemarie Baltay, and Dave Boore for thoughtful internal manuscript reviews, and Jim Lienkaemper for providing insightful tips. RAH's work for this paper was partially supported by the USGS-PG&E Cooperative Research and Development Agreement. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3870 EP 3875 DI 10.1002/2014GL060228 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL6YP UT WOS:000339280200026 ER PT J AU Liu, L Jafarov, EE Schaefer, KM Jones, BM Zebker, HA Williams, CA Rogan, J Zhang, TJ AF Liu, Lin Jafarov, Elchin E. Schaefer, Kevin M. Jones, Benjamin M. Zebker, Howard A. Williams, Christopher A. Rogan, John Zhang, Tingjun TI InSAR detects increase in surface subsidence caused by an Arctic tundra fire SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; BURN SEVERITY; MAPPING FIRE; PERMAFROST; VEGETATION; WILDFIRE; NORTH; INTERFEROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATE AB Wildfire is a major disturbance in the Arctic tundra and boreal forests, having a significant impact on soil hydrology, carbon cycling, and permafrost dynamics. This study explores the use of the microwave Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique to map and quantify ground surface subsidence caused by the Anaktuvuk River fire on the North Slope of Alaska. We detected an increase of up to 8 cm of thaw-season ground subsidence after the fire, which is due to a combination of thickened active layer and permafrost thaw subsidence. Our results illustrate the effectiveness and potential of using InSAR to quantify fire impacts on the Arctic tundra, especially in regions underlain by ice-rich permafrost. Our study also suggests that surface subsidence is a more comprehensive indicator of fire impacts on ice-rich permafrost terrain than changes in active layer thickness alone. C1 [Liu, Lin] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Sci, Earth Syst Sci Programme, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Jafarov, Elchin E.; Schaefer, Kevin M.; Zhang, Tingjun] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Zebker, Howard A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Williams, Christopher A.; Rogan, John] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Zhang, Tingjun] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Liu, L (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Sci, Earth Syst Sci Programme, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM liulin@cuhk.edu.hk RI Jafarov, Elchin/G-1616-2016; OI Jafarov, Elchin/0000-0002-8310-3261; Liu, Lin/0000-0002-9581-1337 FU U.S. NSF [ARC-1204013, ARC 1204167, ARC-0901962]; U.S. NASA [NNX13AM25G] FX We thank A. Rocha and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. The ALOS PALSAR data are copyrighted by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and provided by the Alaska Satellite Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Data for all figures in this paper are freely available upon request to L. Liu. This study was supported by the U.S. NSF grants ARC-1204013, ARC 1204167, and ARC-0901962 and the U.S. NASA grant NNX13AM25G. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3906 EP 3913 DI 10.1002/2014GL060533 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL6YP UT WOS:000339280200031 ER PT J AU Schroth, AW Crusius, J Hoyer, I Campbell, R AF Schroth, Andrew W. Crusius, John Hoyer, Ian Campbell, Robert TI Estuarine removal of glacial iron and implications for iron fluxes to the ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; AMUNDSEN SEA; DELIVERY; ALASKA; CYCLE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; SPECIATION AB While recent work demonstrates that glacial meltwater provides a substantial and relatively labile flux of the micronutrient iron to oceans, the role of high-latitude estuary environments as a potential sink of glacial iron is unknown. Here we present the first quantitative description of iron removal in a meltwater-dominated estuary. We find that 85% of "dissolved" Fe is removed in the low-salinity region of the estuary along with 41% of "total dissolvable" iron associated with glacial flour. We couple these findings with hydrologic and geochemical data from Gulf of Alaska (GoA) glacierized catchments to calculate meltwater-derived fluxes of size and species partitioned Fe to the GoA. Iron flux data indicate that labile iron in the glacial flour and associated Fe minerals dominate the meltwater contribution to the Fe budget of the GoA. As such, GoA nutrient cycles and related ecosystems could be strongly influenced by continued ice loss in its watershed. C1 [Schroth, Andrew W.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Crusius, John] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, USGS, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hoyer, Ian] Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Campbell, Robert] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK USA. RP Schroth, AW (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM aschroth@uvm.edu FU USGS; NCCWSC; Coastal Marine Geology Program Alaska Climate Science Center; NASA Roses Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding for research from the USGS, NCCWSC, Coastal Marine Geology Program Alaska Climate Science Center and the NASA Roses Program. We appreciate the constructive reviews of A. Shiller, an anonymous reviewer, and the editorial work of Strutton. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3951 EP 3958 DI 10.1002/2014GL060199 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AL6YP UT WOS:000339280200036 ER PT J AU McHuron, EA Harvey, JT Castellini, JM Stricker, CA O'Hara, TM AF McHuron, Elizabeth A. Harvey, James T. Castellini, J. Margaret Stricker, Craig A. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Trace elements; Marine mammals; Hair; Blood; San Francisco Bay; Stable isotopes (C, N, S) ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; NORTHERN FUR SEALS; MARINE MAMMALS; HEAVY-METALS; NONESSENTIAL ELEMENTS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; POLAR BEARS; BLOOD COMPARTMENTS AB We measured total selenium and total mercury concentrations ([TSe] and [THg]) in hair (n = 138) and blood (n = 73) of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from California to assess variation by geography and sex, and inferred feeding relationships based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes. Harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites had significantly greater [THg], and lesser [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratios than seals from a relatively uncontaminated site. Males had significantly greater [THg] than females at all locations. Sulfur stable isotope values explained approximately 25% of the variability in [THg], indicating increased Hg exposure for seals with a greater use of estuarine prey species. Decreased [TSe] in harbor seals from Hg-contaminated regions may indicate a relative Se deficiency to mitigate the toxic effects of Hg. Further investigation into the Se status and the potential negative impact of Hg on harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites is warranted. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McHuron, Elizabeth A.; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Castellini, J. Margaret] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Vet Med, Santa Cruz, CA 99775 USA. RP McHuron, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM emchuron@ucsc.edu FU National Parks Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge; Moss Landing Marine Laboratories; Wildlife Toxicology Laboratory; USGS FX This study was conducted under NMFS Permit Nos. 555-1870 and 373-1686, US Fish and Wildlife Service Permit Nos. 81640-2009-041 and 81640-2011-002, National Park Service Permit PORE-2011-SCI-0003, and San Jose State University IACUC No. 933. This study would not have been possible without support from the National Parks Service (especially Sarah Allen and Ben Becker), US Fish and Wildlife Service, Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, the Wildlife Toxicology Laboratory, USGS, and all the volunteers that assisted in harbor seal captures. Funding for this project was provided by the PADI Foundation, Packard Foundation, Harvey Fellowship, and the Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 112 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 83 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.031 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL4UJ UT WOS:000339130000020 PM 24823685 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. TI Let us have some consideration for the lowly reviewer SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Horowitz, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Horowitz, Arthur J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Suite 500,1770 Corp Way, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM ahorowitz2@gsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 12 BP 3999 EP 4000 DI 10.1002/hyp.10202 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AJ4UE UT WOS:000337671400010 ER PT J AU Little, SH Sherman, DM Vance, D Hein, JR AF Little, S. H. Sherman, D. M. Vance, D. Hein, J. R. TI Molecular controls on Cu and Zn isotopic fractionation in Fe-Mn crusts SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE copper; zinc; isotopes; Fe-Mn crusts; EXAFS; organic ligands ID FERROMANGANESE OXIDE DEPOSITS; METAL SORBED BIRNESSITE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NORTH PACIFIC; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; HEXAGONAL-BIRNESSITE; COPPER COMPLEXATION; DISSOLVED COPPER; MANGANESE OXIDES; ORGANIC-LIGANDS AB The isotopic systems of the transition metals are increasingly being developed as oceanic tracers, due to their tendency to be fractionated by biological and/or redox-related processes. However, for many of these promising isotope systems the molecular level controls on their isotopic fractionations are only just beginning to be explored. Here we investigate the relative roles of abiotic and biotic fractionation processes in controlling modern seawater Cu and Zn isotopic compositions. Scavenging to Fe-Mn oxides represents the principal output for Cu and Zn to sediments deposited under normal marine (oxic) conditions. Using Fe-Mn crusts as an analogue for these dispersed phases, we investigate the phase association and crystal chemistry of Cu and Zn in such sediments. We present the results of an EXAFS study that demonstrate unequivocally that Cu and Zn are predominantly associated with the birnessite (delta-MnO2) phase in Fe-Mn crusts, as previously predicted from sequential leaching experiments (e.g., Koschinsky and Hein, 2003). The crystal chemistry of Cu and Zn in the crusts implies a reduction in coordination number in the sorbed phase relative to the free metal ion in seawater. Thus, theory would predict equilibrium fractionations that enrich the heavy isotope in the sorbed phase (e.g., Schauble, 2004). In natural samples, Fe-Mn crusts and nodules are indeed isotopically heavy in Zn isotopes (at similar to 1 parts per thousand) compared to deep seawater (at similar to 0.5 parts per thousand), consistent with the predicted direction of equilibrium isotopic fractionation based on our observations of the coordination environment of sorbed Zn. Further, similar to 50% of inorganic Zn' is chloro-complexed (the other similar to 50% is present as the free Zn2+ ion), and complexation by Cl- is also predicted to favour equilibrium partitioning of light Zn isotopes into the dissolved phase. The heavy Zn isotopic composition of Fe-Mn crusts and nodules relative to seawater can therefore be explained by an inorganic fractionation during uptake. However, Cu in Fe-Mn crusts is isotopically light (at similar to 0.3 to 0.5 parts per thousand) compared to the dissolved phase in seawater (at 0.9 parts per thousand). We suggest that this is because dissolved Cu in the oceans is overwhelmingly complexed to strong organic ligands, which are better competitors for the heavy isotope. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Little, S. H.; Sherman, D. M.; Vance, D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Hein, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Little, SH (reprint author), Inst Geochem & Petrol, Dept Earth Sci, NW 081-4,Clausiusstr 25, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM susan.little@erdw.ethz.ch OI Little, Susan/0000-0002-9957-2636 FU NERC studentship [NE/H525111/1] FX The authors would like to thank the Diamond Light Source for access to beamline 118 (7390) that contributed to the results presented here, and the 118 team (Fred Mosselmans et al.) for their help in optimising the experimental conditions. Three anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments, for which we are grateful. This work was supported by NERC studentship NE/H525111/1 to S.H.L. NR 84 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 11 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 396 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.021 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI4FA UT WOS:000336819900021 ER PT J AU Nyamai, PA Goebel, PC Hix, DM Corace, RG Drobyshev, I AF Nyamai, Priscilla A. Goebel, P. Charles Hix, David M. Corace, R. Gregory, III Drobyshev, Igor TI Fire history, fuels, and overstory effects on the regeneration-layer dynamics of mixed-pine forest ecosystems of eastern Upper Michigan, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire history; Disturbance regime; Pinus resinosa; Pinus strobus; Lake States ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; GREAT-LAKES FOREST; RED PINE; EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT; UNITED-STATES; RESINOSA; LANDSCAPE; STROBUS; SENEY; COMMUNITIES AB Mixed-pine forest ecosystems of the northern Lake States were historically dominated by red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). The late 18th and early 19th century logging activities, followed by significant changes in the characteristics of the fire regime altered the structure and composition of these forests. Prior to making decisions about restoration treatments aimed at promoting natural regeneration of red pine and eastern white pine, there is a need to develop a better understanding of the influence of fire history and current stand conditions on the regeneration-layer. To this end, we quantified the seedling and sapling densities of tree species in altered second-growth and reference old-growth stands at Seney National Wildlife Refuge in eastern Upper Michigan. We then related these densities to descriptors of fire history, fuel loadings, and overstory characteristics. Our results indicate lower densities of red pine and eastern white pine seedlings compared to saplings in second-growth stands. Red pine and eastern white pine seedling densities were positively associated with number of fires in the last 142 years, and negatively associated with time since last fire. Time since last fire also influenced red pine and eastern white pine regeneration indirectly through positive correlations with organic matter depth and negative correlations with importance values for these species in the overstory. jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedling density was also positively associated with the number of fires in the last 142 years. Red pine and eastern white pine seedling and sapling densities exhibited negative relationships with most of the descriptors of fuel loadings. Compared to the second-growth stands, the overstory was found to be a stronger driver of regeneration-layer dynamics in the old-growth stands. Our findings suggest that regeneration of red pine and eastern white pine in the second-growth stands is limited due to unfavorable seedbed conditions, abundance of competing species, and an insufficient seed source. The long-term management objective should be to reintroduce fire with characteristics that resemble those of the historical fire regime. In the short-term, however, managers need to explore management options focused on creating favorable conditions for regeneration of red pine and eastern white pine, and on reducing jack pine. Our findings indicate that opportunities exist for restoration treatments that can manipulate successional dynamics to favor red pine and eastern white pine dominance in these stands. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nyamai, Priscilla A.; Goebel, P. Charles] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hix, David M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Drobyshev, Igor] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Southern Swedish Forest Res Ctr, SLU, Alnarp, Sweden. [Drobyshev, Igor] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Chaire Ind CRSNG UQAT UQAM Amenagement Forestier, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, Canada. RP Nyamai, PA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM nyamai.1@buckeyemail.osu.edu; goebel.11@osu.edu RI Drobyshev, Igor/D-9220-2016 OI Drobyshev, Igor/0000-0002-5980-4316 FU Joint Fire Science Program, The Ohio State University; Seney National Wildlife Refuge; Seney Natural History Association FX Salaries and funding for this study were provided by the Joint Fire Science Program, The Ohio State University, Seney National Wildlife Refuge, and Seney Natural History Association. Special thanks and consideration are extended to Stephen Rist for his contribution, and Mark Vaniman, Greg McClellan, and Laurie Tansy of Seney National Wildlife Refuge for their generous logistical support without which this research would not have been possible. We also thank Paul Nolan, Ellen Comes, Meghan Cornwall, and Jennifer Field for assistance in the field. The findings of this article are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 322 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.027 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AI2OP UT WOS:000336698100005 ER PT J AU Ray, CT Dickson, BG Sisk, TD Sesnie, SE AF Ray, Christopher T. Dickson, Brett G. Sisk, Thomas D. Sesnie, Steven E. TI Spatial application of a predictive wildlife occurrence model to assess alternative forest management scenarios in northern Arizona SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; Pinus ponderosa; Forest treatment simulation; Occurrence model; Southwestern United States; Restoration ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; UNITED-STATES; GRAND-CANYON; HABITAT; GOSHAWK; SOUTHWEST; REPRODUCTION; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY AB Wildlife species of conservation concern can present forest managers with a particular challenge when habitat needs appear to be in contrast with other management objectives, particularly fuel reduction to reduce wildfire risk. Proposed actions can be opposed by stakeholders, delaying management activities until a resolution is met. In the southwestern USA, the primary goal of forest management is to reduce the risk of severe wildfire through forest restoration treatments. The USDA Forest Service has designated the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) a management indicator species in this region. However, it has been difficult to achieve a common understanding of goshawk habitat needs among forest stakeholders. We combined two separate and complementary modeling approaches - a statistically based occurrence model and alternative forest treatment models - to yield predictions about forest management effects on the goshawk in ponderosa pine-dominated forests (Pinus ponderosa) on the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona. Forest treatment models were developed based on USDA Forest Service recommendations for goshawk habitat and post-treatment data from ecological restoration experiments, both of which were also components of forest treatment guidance from the Kaibab Forest Health Focus collaborative planning effort. All treatment alternatives resulted in a 22-26% reduction in estimated goshawk occurrence, but the declines were not uniform across the study area, varied by forest type, and were not as large as the effects of recent and severe wildfire (44% reduction in occurrence). Considering the controversial history of forest management with respect to the goshawk, it is prudent to interpret results from this study in the context of tradeoffs between wildfire risk reduction and wildlife habitat quality that can be effectively evaluated through science-based collaborative assessment and planning. While developed for a specific, high-profile species in the southwestern USA, the approach is applicable to many other species whose occurrence has been monitored over multiple years. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ray, Christopher T.; Dickson, Brett G.; Sisk, Thomas D.; Sesnie, Steven E.] No Arizona Univ, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Landscape Conservat Initiat, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Dickson, Brett G.] Conservat Sci Partners Inc, Truckee, CA 96161 USA. [Sesnie, Steven E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Ray, CT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Landscape Conservat Initiat, POB 5694, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM christopher.ray@nau.edu OI RAY, CHRIS/0000-0002-7963-9637 FU Kaibab National Forest; Ecological Restoration Institute; Grand Canyon Trust; Doris Duke Conservation Fellows Program; Landscape Conservation Initiative at Northern Arizona University FX We thank M. Ingraldi, R. Reynolds, S. Rosenstock, and C. Vojta for lending their expertise to develop the goshawk territory occurrence model. This research was funded by the Kaibab National Forest, the Ecological Restoration Institute, the Grand Canyon Trust, and the Doris Duke Conservation Fellows Program, and was supported by the Landscape Conservation Initiative at Northern Arizona University. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 322 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.001 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AI2OP UT WOS:000336698100013 ER PT J AU Windham-Myers, L AF Windham-Myers, Lisamarie TI Methylmercury cycling in wetlands managed for rice agriculture and wildlife: Implications for methylmercury production, transport, and bioaccumulation Preface SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Western Reg Branch Reg Res, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Windham-Myers, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Reg Branch Reg Res, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lwindham@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 484 BP 219 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.046 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH7VO UT WOS:000336343600025 PM 24502942 ER PT J AU Windham-Myers, L Fleck, JA Ackerman, JT Marvin-DiPasquale, M Stricker, CA Heim, WA Bachand, PAM Eagles-Smith, CA Gill, G Stephenson, M Alpers, CN AF Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Fleck, Jacob A. Ackerman, Joshua T. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Stricker, Craig A. Heim, Wesley A. Bachand, Philip A. M. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Gill, Gary Stephenson, Mark Alpers, Charles N. TI Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands: A synthesis of methylmercury production, hydrologic export, and bioaccumulation from an integrated field study SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Rice; Wetlands; Microbes; Hydrology; Bioaccumulation; Mercury ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INORGANIC MERCURY; YOLO BYPASS; WATER-QUALITY; ROOT-ZONE; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENT; USA; FISH; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB With seasonal wetting and drying, and high biological productivity, agricultural wetlands (rice paddies) may enhance the conversion of inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) to methylmercury (MeHg), the more toxic, organic form that biomagnifies through food webs. Yet, the net balance of MeHg sources and sinks in seasonal wetland environments is poorly understood because it requires an annual, integrated assessment across biota, sediment, and water components. We examined a suite of wetlands managed for rice crops or wildlife during 2007-2008 in California's Central Valley, in an area affected by Hg contamination from historic mining practices. Hydrologic management of agricultural wetlands for rice, wild rice, or fallowed - drying for field preparation and harvest, and flooding for crop growth and post-harvest rice straw decay - led to pronounced seasonality in sediment and aqueous MeHg concentrations that were up to 95-fold higher than those measured concurrently in adjacent, non-agricultural permanently-flooded and seasonally-flooded wetlands. Flooding promoted microbial MeHg production in surface sediment of all wetlands, but extended water residence time appeared to preferentially enhance MeHg degradation and storage. When incoming MeHg loads were elevated, individual fields often served as a MeHg sink, rather than a source. Slow, horizontal flow of shallow water in the agricultural wetlands led to increased importance of vertical hydrologic fluxes, including evapoconcentration of surface water MeHg and transpiration-driven advection into the root zone, promoting temporary soil storage of MeHg. Although this hydrology limited MeHg export from wetlands, it also increased MeHg exposure to resident fish via greater in situ aqueous MeHg concentrations. Our results suggest that the combined traits of agricultural wetlands - slow-moving shallow water, manipulated flooding and drying, abundant labile plant matter, and management for wildlife - may enhance microbial methylation of Hg(II) and MeHg exposure to local biota, as well as export to downstream habitats during uncontrolled winter-flow events. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie; Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Branch Reg Res, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fleck, Jacob A.; Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Heim, Wesley A.; Stephenson, Mark] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Bachand, Philip A. M.] Tetra Tech, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gill, Gary] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Windham-Myers, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lwindham@usgs.gov; jafleck@usgs.gov; jackerman@usgs.gov; mmarvin@usgs.gov; cstricker@usgs.gov; wheim@mlml.calstate.edu; philip.bachand@tetratech.com; ceagles-smith@usgs.gov; gary.gill@pnnl.gov; mstephenson@mlml.calstate.edu; cnalpers@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU State Water Resources Control Board FX We gratefully acknowledge the State Water Resources Control Board for financial support, the USGS Toxics Program for ongoing support, the USGS Cooperative Water Program, and the land managers of the Yolo Bypass for broad access and field support. Detailed comments from Peter van Metre (USGS), Stephen McCord (MEI), 3 anonymous reviewers and the associate editor Mae S. Gustin greatly improved the clarity of the manuscript. Especially helpful were the logistical assistance of David Feliz, Mary Schiedt and Chris Rocco (California Department of Fish and Game) and Jack DeWit (DeWit Farms). We thank Ann Brice and Robin Kulakow (Yolo Basin Foundation) for supporting outreach and bi-directional information exchange between land managers and the scientific team. We thank many USGS staff members for exemplary field and laboratory support: Elizabeth (Beaulieu) Stumpner, Frank Anderson, Will Kerlin, Jennifer Agee, Le Kieu, Evangelos Kakouros, Pilar Heredia-Middleton, Sherrie Wren, Steven Quistad, Justin Kanerva, Cayce Gulbransen, and Kathy Akstin.The use of trade or product names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 8 U2 121 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 484 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.033 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH7VO UT WOS:000336343600026 PM 24530187 ER PT J AU Bachand, PAM Bachand, S Fleck, J Anderson, F Windham-Myers, L AF Bachand, P. A. M. Bachand, S. Fleck, J. Anderson, F. Windham-Myers, L. TI Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CFSTR; PFR; Peclet number; Tracers; Methylmercury; Benthic flux ID WATER SURFACE WETLANDS; FLOODED RICE FIELDS; MERCURY METHYLATION; SEDIMENT OXIDATION; USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; RATES; NITROGEN; RATIO AB The current state of science and engineering related to analyzing wetlands overlooks the importance of transpiration and risks data misinterpretation. In response, we developed hydrologic and mass budgets for agricultural wetlands using electrical conductivity (EC) as a natural conservative tracer. We developed simple differential equations that quantify evaporation and transpiration rates using flow rates and tracer concentrations at wetland inflows and outflows. We used two ideal reactor model solutions, a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) and a plug flow reactor (PFR), to bracket real non-ideal systems. From those models, estimated transpiration ranged from 55% (CFSTR) to 74% (PFR) of total evapotranspiration (ET) rates, consistent with published values using standard methods and direct measurements. The PFR model more appropriately represents these non-ideal agricultural wetlands in which check ponds are in series. Using a flux model, we also developed an equation delineating the root zone depth at which diffusive dominated fluxes transition to advective dominated fluxes. This relationship is similar to the Peclet number that identifies the dominance of advective or diffusive fluxes in surface and groundwater transport. Using diffusion coefficients for inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) we calculated that during high ET periods typical of summer, advective fluxes dominate root zone transport except in the top millimeters below the sediment-water interface. The transition depth has diel and seasonal trends, tracking those of ET. Neglecting this pathway has profound implications: misallocating loads along different hydrologic pathways; misinterpreting seasonal and diel water quality trends; confounding Fick's First Law calculations when determining diffusion fluxes using pore water concentration data; and misinterpreting biogeochemical mechanisms affecting dissolved constituent cycling in the root zone:In addition, our understanding of internal root zone cycling of Hg and other dissolved constituents, benthic fluxes, and biological irrigation may be greatly affected. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bachand, P. A. M.; Bachand, S.] Tetra Tech, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fleck, J.; Anderson, F.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Windham-Myers, L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bachand, PAM (reprint author), Tetra Tech, Res & Dev, 509 4th St,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Philip.Bachand@Tetratech.com FU California State Water Resources Control Board under Agriculture Water Quality Grant Program [Proposition 40/50] FX The authors wish to thank the significant efforts of reviewers, including James Kuwabara (USGS), Sujoy Roy (TetraTech) and especially the journal associate editor Mae Gustin, for their comments and guidance in greatly improving the utility of the manuscript. Stephanie Fong and Janice Cooke of the Regional Water Quality Control Board and Chris Thompson of San Jose State University Foundation for contract management, David Feliz, Chris Rocco, and Levi Souza of the California Dept. of Fish and Game for logistical support and assistance with sampling, and Jack DeWit of DeWit Farms for cooperation during sampling. This work was funded by the California State Water Resources Control Board under the Proposition 40/50 Agriculture Water Quality Grant Program. NR 87 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 484 BP 232 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.026 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH7VO UT WOS:000336343600027 PM 24296049 ER PT J AU Bachand, PAM Bachand, SM Fleck, JA Alpers, CN Stephenson, M Windham-Myers, L AF Bachand, P. A. M. Bachand, S. M. Fleck, J. A. Alpers, C. N. Stephenson, M. Windham-Myers, L. TI Methylmercury production in and export from agricultural wetlands in California, USA: The need to account for physical transport processes into and out of the root zone (Reprinted from Science of the Total Environment) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Reprint DE Mass balance; Load; Mercury; Transpiration; Rice; Tracers ID MERCURY METHYLATION; SULFATE STIMULATION; SALT MARSHES; MASS BUDGET; WATER; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; ACCUMULATION; EVERGLADES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Concentration and mass balance analyses were used to quantify methylmercury (MeHg) loads from conventional (white) rice, wild rice, and fallowed fields in northern California's Yolo Bypass. These analyses were standardized against chloride to distinguish transport pathways and net ecosystem production (NEP). During summer, chloride loads were both exported with surface water and moved into the root zone at a 2:1 ratio. MeHg and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) behaved similarly with surface water and root zone exports at similar to 3:1 ratio. These trends reversed in winter with DOC, MeHg, and chloride moving from the root zone to surface waters at rates opposite and exceeding summertime root zone fluxes. These trends suggest that summer transpiration advectively moves constituents from surface water into the root zone, and winter diffusion, driven by concentration gradients, subsequently releases those constituents into surface waters. The results challenge a number of paradigms regarding MeHg. Specifically, biogeochemical conditions favoring microbial MeHg production do not necessarily translate to synchronous surface water exports; MeHg may be preserved in the soils allowing for release at a later time; and plants play a role in both biogeochemistry and transport. Our calculations show that NEP of MeHg occurred during both summer irrigation and winter flooding. Wild rice wet harvesting and winter flooding of white rice fields were specific practices that increased MeHg export, both presumably related to increased labile organic carbon and disturbance. Outflow management during these times could reduce MeHg exports. Standardizing MeHg outflow:inflow concentration ratios against natural tracers (e.g. chloride, EC) provides a simple tool to identify NEP periods. Summer MeHg exports averaged 0.2 to 1 mu g m(-2) for the different agricultural wetland fields, depending upon flood duration. Average winter MeHg exports were estimated at 0.3 mu g m(-2). These exports are within the range reported for other shallow aquatic systems. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bachand, P. A. M.; Bachand, S. M.] Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Fleck, J. A.; Alpers, C. N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Stephenson, M.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Windham-Myers, L.] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Bur Reg Res, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bachand, PAM (reprint author), Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA 95618 USA. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 484 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.012 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH7VO UT WOS:000336343600028 PM 24666634 ER PT J AU Fleck, JA Gill, G Bergamaschi, BA Kraus, TEC Downing, BD Alpers, CN AF Fleck, Jacob A. Gill, Gary Bergamaschi, Brian A. Kraus, Tamara E. C. Downing, Bryan D. Alpers, Charles N. TI Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methyl mercury; DOM; Photodegradation; Photodemethylation; Optical properties; Fluorescence ID FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MANAGED WETLANDS; NATURAL-WATERS; METHYL MERCURY; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; AQUATIC SYSTEMS AB Monomethyl mercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that threatens ecosystem viability and human health. In aquatic systems, the photolytic degradation of MeHg (photodemethylation) is an important component of the MeHg cycle. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also affected by exposure to solar radiation (light exposure) leading to changes in DOM composition that can affect its role in overall mercury (Hg) cycling. This study investigated changes in MeHg concentration, DOM concentration, and the optical signature of DOM caused by light exposure in a controlled field-based experiment using water samples collected from wetlands and rice fields. Filtered water from all sites showed a marked loss in MeHg concentration after light exposure. The rate of photodemethylation was 7.5 x 10(-3) m(2) mol(-1) (s.d. 3.5 x 10(-3)) across all sites despite marked differences in DOM concentration and composition. Light exposure also caused changes in the optical signature of the DOM despite there being no change in DOM concentration, indicating specific structures within the DOM were affected by light exposure at different rates. MeHg concentrations were related to optical signatures of labile DOM whereas the percent loss of MeHg was related to optical signatures of less labile, humic DOM. Relationships between the loss of MeHg and specific areas of the DOM optical signature indicated that aromatic and quinoid structures within the DOM were the likely contributors to MeHg degradation, perhaps within the sphere of the Hg-DOM bond. Because MeHg photodegradation rates are relatively constant across freshwater habitats with natural Hg-DOM ratios, physical characteristics such as shading and hydrologic residence time largely determine the relative importance of photolytic processes on the MeHg budget in these mixed vegetated and open-water systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fleck, Jacob A.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.; Kraus, Tamara E. C.; Downing, Bryan D.; Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Gill, Gary] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Fleck, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jafleck@usgs.gov; gary.gill@pnnl.gov; bbergama@usgs.gov; tkraus@usgs.gov; bdowning@usgs.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU California State Water Resources Control Board [Proposition 40]; USGS Cooperative Water Program FX The authors would like to thank the staff at the USGS California Water Science Center in Sacramento, particularly Frank Anderson and Liz Beaulieu for field and data support and Will Kerlin for laboratory support. We extend sincere appreciation to the California Department of Fish and Game staff at the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Management Area particularly Dave Feliz, Mary Schiedt, Waylon, Spencer, and Chris Rocco. We would also like to thank Yolo Basin Foundation staff Robin Kulako and Ann Brice and De Wit Farms staff for their cooperation and guidance on local history and rice production as well as for providing valuable information on site management. Base funding provided by Proposition 40 via California State Water Resources Control Board, additional funds provided by the USGS Cooperative Water Program. The use of brand or firm names in this article is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by United States Geological Survey. We greatly appreciate reviews by Dr. Edward Nater, Dr. Mae Gustin and several journal reviewers whose comments helped to improve this manuscript. The U.S. Geological Survey has approved this manuscript for publication. NR 107 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 484 BP 263 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.107 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH7VO UT WOS:000336343600029 PM 23642571 ER PT J AU Alpers, CN Fleck, JA Marvin-DiPasquale, M Stricker, CA Stephenson, M Taylor, HE AF Alpers, Charles N. Fleck, Jacob A. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Stricker, Craig A. Stephenson, Mark Taylor, Howard E. TI Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands, Yolo Bypass, California: Spatial and seasonal variations in water quality SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methylmercuiy; Sulfate-reduction; Iron-reduction; Manganese; Rice agriculture; Wild rice ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; DISSIMILATORY FE(III); REDUCING BACTERIUM; MN(IV) REDUCTION; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; SEDIMENTS; BIOACCUMULATION AB The seasonal and spatial variability of water quality, including mercury species, was evaluated in agricultural and managed, non-agricultural wetlands in the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, an area managed for multiple beneficial uses including bird habitat and rice farming. The study was conducted during an 11-month period (June 2007 to April 2008) that included a summer growing season and flooded conditions during winter. Methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in surface water varied over a wide range (0.1 to 37 ng L-1 unfiltered; 0.04 to 7.3 ng L-1 filtered). Maximum MeHg values are among the highest ever recorded in wetlands. Highest MeHg concentrations in unfiltered surface water were observed in drainage from wild rice fields during harvest (September 2007), and in white rice fields with decomposing rice straw during regional flooding (February 2008). The ratio of MeNg to total mercury (MeHg/Mg) increased about 20-fold in both unfiltered and filtered water during the growing season (June to August 2007) in the white and wild rice fields, and about 5-fold in fallow fields (July to August 2007), while there was little to no change in MeHg/THg in the permanent wetland. Sulfate-bearing fertilizer had no effect on Hg(II) methylation, as sulfate-reducing bacteria were not sulfate-limited in these agricultural wetlands. Concentrations of MeHg in filtered and unfiltered water correlated with filtered Fe, filtered Mn, DOC, and two indicators of sulfate reduction: the SO42-/Cl- ratio, and delta S-34 in aqueous sulfate. These relationships suggest that microbial reduction of SO42-, Fe(III), and possibly Mn(IV) may contribute to net Hg(II)-methylation in this setting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Alpers, Charles N.; Fleck, Jacob A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stephenson, Mark] Moss Landing Marine Lab, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Taylor, Howard E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Alpers, CN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM cnalpers@usgs.gov; jafleck@usgs.gov; mmarvin@usgs.gov; cstricker@usgs.gov; mstephenson@mlml.calstate.edu; hetaylor@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU California State Water Resources Control Board under the Proposition 40/50 Agriculture Water Quality Grant Program; USGS Cooperative Hydrology Program; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX The authors wish to thank Lisa Windham-Myers (U.S. Geological Survey) for leadership of the integrated multi-disciplinary project. Other USGS personnel who assisted with field and laboratory work included Elizabeth (Beaulieu) Stumpner and Will Kerlin (Sacramento, California), and Ron Antweiler, Terry Plowman, Dave Roth, and Dale Peart (Boulder, Colorado). The authors also wish to thank Stephanie Fong and Janis Cooke of the Regional Water Quality Control Board and Chris Thompson of San Jose State University Foundation for contract management; David Feliz, Chris Rocco, and Levi Souza of the California Dept. of Fish and Wildlife for logistical support and assistance with sampling; Jack DeWit of DeWit Farms for cooperation during sampling; and Matt Huston of John Taylor Fertilizers for providing samples. This work was funded by the California State Water Resources Control Board under the Proposition 40/50 Agriculture Water Quality Grant Program, the USGS Cooperative Hydrology Program, and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 68 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 484 BP 276 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.096 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH7VO UT WOS:000336343600030 PM 24332791 ER PT J AU Marvin-DiPasquale, M Windham-Myers, L Agee, JL Kakouros, E Kieu, LH Fleck, JA Alpers, CN Stricker, CA AF Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Agee, Jennifer L. Kakouros, Evangelos Kieu, Le H. Fleck, Jacob A. Alpers, Charles N. Stricker, Craig A. TI Methylmercury production in sediment from agricultural and non-agricultural wetlands in the Yolo Bypass, California, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury production; Sediment; Wetlands; Rice agriculture; Iron-reduction; Sulfate-reduction ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; FRANCISCO BAY-DELTA; SULFATE REDUCTION; MERCURY METHYLATION; INORGANIC MERCURY; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FERRIC IRON; RICE; CHINA AB As part of a larger study of mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation in agricultural (rice growing) and non-agricultural wetlands in California's Central Valley, USA, seasonal and spatial controls on methylmercury (MeHg) production were examined in surface sediment. Three types of shallowly-flooded agricultural wetlands (white rice, wild rice, and fallow fields) and two types of managed (non-agricultural) wetlands (permanently and seasonally flooded) were sampled monthly-to-seasonally. Dynamic seasonal changes in readily reducible 'reactive' mercury (Hg(II)(R)), Hg(II)-methylation rate constants (k(meth)), and concentrations of electron acceptors (sulfate and ferric iron) and donors (acetate), were all observed in response to field management hydrology, whereas seasonal changes in these parameters were more muted in non-agricultural managed wetlands. Agricultural wetlands exhibited higher sediment MeHg concentrations than did non-agricultural wetlands, particularly during the fall through late-winter (post-harvest) period. Both sulfate- and iron-reducing bacteria have been implicated in MeHg production, and both were demonstrably active in all wetlands studied. Stoichiometric calculations suggest that iron-reducing bacteria dominated carbon flow in agricultural wetlands during the growing season. Sulfate-reducing bacteria were not stimulated by the addition of sulfate-based fertilizer to agricultural wetlands during the growing season, suggesting that labile organic matter, rather than sulfate, limited their activity in these wetlands. Along the continuum of sediment geochemical conditions observed, values of k(meth) increased approximately 10,000-fold, whereas Hg(II)R decreased 100-fold. This suggests that, with respect to the often opposing trends of Hg(II)-methylating microbial activity and Hg(II) availability for methylation, microbial activity dominated the Hg(II)-methylation process, and that along this biogeochemical continuum, conditions that favored microbial sulfate reduction resulted in the highest calculated MeHg production potential rates. Rice straw management options aimed at limiting labile carbon supplies to surface sediment during the post-harvest fall-winter period may be effective in limiting MeHg production within agricultural wetlands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie; Agee, Jennifer L.; Kakouros, Evangelos; Kieu, Le H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fleck, Jacob A.; Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Marvin-DiPasquale, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mailstop 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmarvin@usgs.gov; lwindham@usgs.gov; jlagee@usgs.gov; kakouros@usgs.gov; lkieu@usgs.gov; jafleck@usgs.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov; cstricker@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU California State Water Resources Control Board through the San Jose State University Research Foundation [06-232-555-0]; USGS Toxics Program FX The authors greatly acknowledge project funding from the California State Water Resources Control Board, under agreement number 06-232-555-0, through the San Jose State University Research Foundation; additional financial support from the USGS Toxics Program; and the contribution of sediment total mercury data in Fig. S2 by J. Holloway and M. Goldhaber (USGS, Denver, CO). NR 53 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 484 BP 288 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.098 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AH7VO UT WOS:000336343600031 PM 24188689 ER EF