FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Crumpler, LS Arvidson, RE Bell, J Clark, BC Cohen, BA Farrand, WH Gellert, R Golombek, M Grant, JA Guinness, E Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, JR Jolliff, B Ming, DW Mittlefehldt, DW Parker, T Rice, JW Squyres, SW Sullivan, R Yen, AS AF Crumpler, L. S. Arvidson, R. E. Bell, J. Clark, B. C. Cohen, B. A. Farrand, W. H. Gellert, R. Golombek, M. Grant, J. A. Guinness, E. Herkenhoff, K. E. Johnson, J. R. Jolliff, B. Ming, D. W. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Parker, T. Rice, J. W., Jr. Squyres, S. W. Sullivan, R. Yen, A. S. TI Context of ancient aqueous environments on Mars from in situ geologic mapping at Endeavour Crater SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; rovers; geology; Noachian ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; BURNS FORMATION; ROCKS; CHEMISTRY; IMPACT; SOILS; WATER AB Using the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity, we have compiled one of the first field geologic maps on Mars while traversing the Noachian terrain along the rim of the 22km diameter Endeavour Crater (Latitude -2 degrees 1633, Longitude -5 degrees 1051). In situ mapping of the petrographic, elemental, structural, and stratigraphic characteristics of outcrops and rocks distinguishes four mappable bedrock lithologic units. Three of these rock units predate the surrounding Burns formation sulfate-rich sandstones and one, the Matijevic Formation, represents conditions on early Mars predating the formation of Endeavour Crater. The stratigraphy assembled from these observations includes several geologic unconformities. The differences in lithologic units across these unconformities record changes in the character and intensity of the Martian aqueous environment over geologic time. Water circulated through fractures in the oldest rocks over periods long enough that texturally and elementally significant alteration occurred in fracture walls. These oldest pre-Endeavour rocks and their network of mineralized and altered fractures were preserved by burial beneath impact ejecta and were subsequently exhumed and exposed. The alteration along joints in the oldest rocks and the mineralized veins and concentrations of trace metals in overlying lithologic units is direct evidence that copious volumes of mineralized and/or hydrothermal fluids circulated through the early Martian crust. The wide range in intensity of structural and chemical modification from outcrop to outcrop along the crater rim shows that the ejecta of large (>8km in diameter) impact craters is complex. These results imply that geologic complexity is to be anticipated in other areas of Mars where cratering has been a fundamental process in the local and regional geology and mineralogy. C1 [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.; Guinness, E.; Jolliff, B.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bell, J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Clark, B. C.; Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Cohen, B. A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Golombek, M.; Parker, T.; Yen, A. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Johnson, J. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Ming, D. W.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rice, J. W., Jr.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sullivan, R.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Crumpler, LS (reprint author), New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. EM larry.crumpler@state.nm.us RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 FU Mars Exploration Rover mission project through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NASA; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project through the NASA FX This work was supported by the Mars Exploration Rover mission project through contracts with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, sponsored by NASA. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) is supported by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project through the NASA contract to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Data are available from the NASA Planetary Data System (https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/). NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 538 EP 569 DI 10.1002/2014JE004699 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CF9AY UT WOS:000352855100011 ER PT J AU Johnson, CW Burgmann, R Pollitz, FF AF Johnson, Christopher W. Buergmann, Roland Pollitz, Fred F. TI Rare dynamic triggering of remote M >= 5.5 earthquakes from global catalog analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE dynamic triggering; earthquake interaction; hazard ID DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; REGIONAL SEISMICITY; LARGE AFTERSHOCKS; UNITED-STATES; STRESS; DEFORMATIONS; NUCLEATION; MAGNITUDE; TRANSIENT; SEQUENCES AB Probing the effects of a transient stress on the timing of an earthquake occurrence is necessary for understanding the remote interaction of large-magnitude events. Global catalog data containing 35years of M5.5 earthquakes allow us to explore for periods of enhanced or suppressed seismic activity. We consider 113M7.5 main shocks between 1977 and 2012 and focus on seismic activity on time scales from seconds to days following these main shocks. We search for evidence of dynamic triggering of large-magnitude events similar to the previously observed global increase during the first few days following the 2012M8.6 Indian Ocean main shock. We restrict the analysis to regions of elevated strain during the passage of surface waves. Using a threshold of 0.1 microstrain (similar to 3kPa) and a temporal window of 1year, we stack daily seismicity rate curves using the exclusion-zone declustered M5.5 catalog events in order to resolve deviations from the background rate. Our results do not indicate a significant change in activity for at least 10days when considering the collective set of 113 main shocks and subsets at M8.0 and M8.5 thresholds. The results also do not indicate immediate triggering of M5.5 events. We do find two instances of increased seismicity in the elevated strain region within 10days. These increases are subsequent to two main shocks, the 1977M8.3 and 2012M8.6, both located in the Indian Ocean. We conclude that a global change in M5.5 earthquake rates following a transient stress from distant earthquakes is a rare occurrence. C1 [Johnson, Christopher W.; Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johnson, Christopher W.; Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pollitz, Fred F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Johnson, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cwj@seismo.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [DGE1106400] FX We are thankful for the helpful comments provided by Ruth Harris and Andrea Llenos, two anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant DGE1106400 for C.W. Johnson. The data set used for this study were accessed from http://www.globalcmt.org. Figures were produced using Matplotlib and GMT [Wessel et al., 2013]. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1748 EP 1761 DI 10.1002/2014JB011788 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CG3EF UT WOS:000353160200022 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Svarc, JL Lisowski, M AF Savage, J. C. Svarc, J. L. Lisowski, M. TI Strain accumulation across the Prince William Sound asperity, Southcentral Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Prince William Sound; Alaska earthquake; strain accumulation; subduction ID SUBDUCTION ZONE; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; DISLOCATION; TOPOGRAPHY; BENEATH; MODELS; SPACE; EDGE; GPS AB The surface velocities predicted by the conventional subduction model are compared to velocities measured in a GPS array (surveyed in 1993, 1995, 1997, 2000, and 2004) spanning the Prince William Sound asperity. The observed velocities in the comparison have been corrected to remove the contributions from postseismic (1964 Alaska earthquake) mantle relaxation. Except at the most seaward monument (located on Middleton Island at the seaward edge of the continental shelf, just 50km landward of the deformation front in the Aleutian Trench), the corrected velocities qualitatively agree with those predicted by an improved, two-dimensional, back slip, subduction model in which the locked megathrust coincides with the plate interface identified by seismic refraction surveys, and the back slip rate is equal to the plate convergence rate. A better fit to the corrected velocities is furnished by either a back slip rate 20% greater than the plate convergence rate or a 30% shallower megathrust. The shallow megathrust in the latter fit may be an artifact of the uniform half-space Earth model used in the inversion. Backslip at the plate convergence rate on the megathrust mapped by refraction surveys would fit the data as well if the rigidity of the underthrust plate was twice that of the overlying plate, a rigidity contrast higher than expected. The anomalous motion at Middleton Island is attributed to continuous slip at near the plate convergence rate on a postulated, listric fault that splays off the megathrust at depth of about 12km and outcrops on the continental slope south-southeast of Middleton Island. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Svarc, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lisowski, M.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1820 EP 1832 DI 10.1002/2014JB011652 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CG3EF UT WOS:000353160200026 ER PT J AU Weiss, JR Brooks, BA Arrowsmith, JR Vergani, G AF Weiss, Jonathan R. Brooks, Benjamin A. Arrowsmith, J. Ramon Vergani, Gustavo TI Spatial and temporal distribution of deformation at the front of the Andean orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE orogenic wedge deformation; sub-Andes; Bolivia; seismic hazard ID FOLD-THRUST BELT; 2010 MAULE EARTHQUAKE; GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES; ACCRETIONARY WEDGES; DISLOCATION MODEL; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; SUBANDEAN THRUST; SUBDUCTION ZONE; BLIND THRUSTS; HALF-SPACE AB New observations from an active orogenic wedge help link the seismotectonic behavior of individual faults to wedge deformation rates and patterns over multiple timescales. We provide the first detailed constraints on the distribution and timing of deformation at the front of the Andean orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia, where a recent study suggests that great (M-w>8) earthquakes could rupture the master fault underlying the wedge. We use stratigraphic relationships across fault-related folds and elastic dislocation modeling of seismic reflection horizons to obtain probabilistic estimates of wedge-front fault ages and slip rates. Our analyses reveal that at least half of the previously determined GPS-based wedge-loading and Quaternary whole-wedge shortening rates are absorbed across a 20-40km wide wedge-front zone consisting of 1-4 en echelon and partially to fully overlapping faults and folds associated with blind thrust faults. The difference between our slip rates and the geodetic/geologic observations combined with evidence for activity across internal wedge structures supports the notion that nonsteady state mass balance conditions coupled with elevated erosional efficiency result in distributed wedge deformation. The orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia behaves in a similar fashion to the Taiwanese and Himalayan ranges; slip accumulates at downdip locations along the master fault and is released incrementally by earthquakes that rupture the wedge-front fault zone. The faults and folds comprising this zone pose a major source of seismic hazard. Accumulating slip is also released in the wedge interior and older, internal wedge faults must be considered in any future assessment of regional earthquake risk. C1 [Weiss, Jonathan R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Brooks, Benjamin A.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Arrowsmith, J. Ramon] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Vergani, Gustavo] Pluspetrol SA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Weiss, JR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jweiss@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1443317] FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant EAR-1443317). We thank A. Echalar and R. Tinta of the Instituto Geografico Militar de Bolivia for assistance with field logistics. We thank P.N. Legarreta and D. Apreda of Pluspetrol S.A. for facilitating access to the seismic data archive. We thank L.N. Frazer and A. Aryal of the University of Hawaii for helpful discussions regarding the statistical analysis of modeling results and Brian Boston (University of Hawaii) for his advice on kinematic and geometric approaches. We thank K.M. Johnson (Indiana University) and K.M. Scharer (USGS) for their careful reading and suggestions that significantly improved this manuscript. The paper also benefits greatly from the reviews of Associate Editor Laura Wallace, Nadine McQuarrie, and an anonymous reviewer. The Generic Mapping Tools software [Wessel et al., 2013] was used to prepare Figure 1. This is SOEST contribution 9276. NR 118 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1909 EP 1931 DI 10.1002/2014JB011763 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CG3EF UT WOS:000353160200031 ER PT J AU Reeder-Myers, L Erlandson, JM Muhs, DR Rick, TC AF Reeder-Myers, Leslie Erlandson, Jon M. Muhs, Daniel R. Rick, Torben C. TI Sea level, paleogeography, and archeology on California's Northern Channel Islands SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geographic information systems; Coastal archeology; Glacial isostatic adjustment; Sea level rise; Shoreline reconstruction; Paleogeomorphology ID SANTA ROSA ISLAND; DAISY CAVE CA-SMI-261; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; MARITIME SUBSISTENCE; PACIFIC COAST; MIGUEL ISLAND; PLEISTOCENE; VEGETATION AB Sea-level rise during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene inundated nearshore areas in many parts of the world, producing drastic changes in local ecosystems and obscuring significant portions of the archeological record. Although global forces are at play, the effects of sea-level rise are highly localized due to variability in glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) effects. Interpretations of coastal paleoecology and archeology require reliable estimates of ancient shorelines that account for GIA effects. Here we build on previous models for California's Northern Channel Islands, producing more accurate late Pleistocene and Holocene paleogeographic reconstructions adjusted for regional GIA variability. This region has contributed significantly to our understanding of early New World coastal foragers. Sea level that was about 80-85 m lower than present at the time of the first known human occupation brought about a landscape and ecology substantially different than today. During the late Pleistocene, large tracts of coastal lowlands were exposed, while a colder, wetter climate and fluctuating marine conditions interacted with rapidly evolving littoral environments. At the close of the Pleistocene and start of the Holocene, people in coastal California faced shrinking land, intertidal, and subtidal zones, with important implications for resource availability and distribution. (C) 2015 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Reeder-Myers, Leslie; Rick, Torben C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Program Human Ecol & Archaeobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Muhs, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reeder-Myers, L (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Program Human Ecol & Archaeobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM reeder-myersL@si.edu; jerland@uoregon.edu; dmuhs@usgs.gov; rickt@si.edu OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 FU National Science Foundation [BCS-1041495, BCS-0917677]; Muhs FX We are indebted to Jerry Mitrovica for sharing the data from his glacial isostatic adjustment model. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Grants BCS-1041495 (to Reeder-Myers) and BCS-0917677 (to Erlandson and Rick), with additional support from our home institutions. The Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey supported Muhs. Thanks to Derek Booth, Gary Clow, David Meltzer, Buddy Schweig, Dan Shugar, Janet Slate, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 83 IS 2 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2015.01.002 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CG2GS UT WOS:000353093500001 ER PT J AU Maier, KL Gatti, E Wan, E Ponti, DJ Pagenkopp, M Starratt, SW Olson, HA Tinsley, JC AF Maier, Katherine L. Gatti, Emma Wan, Elmira Ponti, Daniel J. Pagenkopp, Mark Starratt, Scott W. Olson, Holly A. Tinsley, John C. TI Quaternary tephrochronology and deposition in the subsurface Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tephra; Volcanic ash; Pumice; Facies; Rockland ash bed; Loleta ash bed; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; Cascades; Fluvial channel; Chronostratigraphy ID FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; YOUNGEST TOBA TUFF; SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CENTRAL JAPAN; VOLCANICLASTIC RESEDIMENTATION; STRATIGRAPHIC MARKER; LATE PLEISTOCENE; COASTAL SYSTEM AB We document characteristics of tephra, including fades and geochemistry, from 27 subsurface sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, to obtain stratigraphic constraints in a complex setting. Analyzed tephra deposits correlate with: 1) an unnamed tephra from the Carlotta Formation near Ferndale, California, herein informally named the ash of Wildcat Grade (similar to 0.780 Ma), 2) the Rockland ash bed (similar to 0.575 Ma), 3) the Loleta ash bed (similar to 0.390 Ma), and 4) middle Pleistocene volcanic ash deposits at Tulelake, California, and Pringle Falls, Bend, and Summer Lake, Oregon, herein informally named the dacitic ash of Hood (similar to 0.180 Ma). All four tephra are derived from Cascades volcanic sources. The Rockland ash bed erupted from the southern Cascades and occurs in up to >7-m-thick deposits in cores from similar to 40 m subsurface in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Tephra facies and tephra age constraints suggest rapid tephra deposition within fluvial channel and overbank settings, likely related to flood events shortly following volcanic eruption. Such rapidly deposited tephra are important chronostratigraphic markers that suggest varying sediment accumulation rates in Quaternary deposits below the modern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. This study provides the first steps in a subsurface Quaternary stratigraphic framework necessary for future hazard assessment. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Maier, Katherine L.; Gatti, Emma; Ponti, Daniel J.; Tinsley, John C.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gatti, Emma] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Planetary Surface Instruments Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wan, Elmira; Olson, Holly A.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pagenkopp, Mark] Calif Dept Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Starratt, Scott W.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Maier, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM kcoble@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); California Department of Water Resources; USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship; Delta Science Fellowship FX Financial support for this research and the authors has been provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), California Department of Water Resources, the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship (K.L. Maier), and the Delta Science Fellowship (E. Gatti). We thank Brad Aagaard, John Barron, Rob Barry, Mike Bennett, Tom Brocher, David Burtt, Matthew Coble, Steve DeLong, Shane Detweiler, Mike Diggles, Nick Hightower, Jack Hillhouse, Tom Holzer, Kristin Keenan, Keith Knudsen, Dave Perry, Carla Rosa, Scott Sochar, Steven Springhorn, Paul Spudich, Jorge Vasquez, Dave Wahl, and Heather Wright for supporting this research and manuscript development. We are grateful to Jon Warrick, Jason Addison, Siwan Davies, anonymous reviewers, Editor Kenneth Adams, and Senior Editor Derek Booth for providing thorough and helpful comments and reviews for this manuscript. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 83 IS 2 BP 378 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.12.007 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CG2GS UT WOS:000353093500013 ER PT J AU Parsekian, AD Singha, K Minsley, BJ Holbrook, WS Slater, L AF Parsekian, A. D. Singha, K. Minsley, B. J. Holbrook, W. S. Slater, L. TI Multiscale geophysical imaging of the critical zone SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT MEASUREMENTS; SEISMIC NOISE TOMOGRAPHY; ROOT WATER-UPTAKE; TREE ROOTS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOIL-MOISTURE; AQUIFER CHARACTERIZATION AB Details of Earth's shallow subsurface-a key component of the critical zone (CZ)-are largely obscured because making direct observations with sufficient density to capture natural characteristic spatial variability in physical properties is difficult. Yet this inaccessible region of the CZ is fundamental to processes that support ecosystems, society, and the environment. Geophysical methods provide a means for remotely examining CZ form and function over length scales that span centimeters to kilometers. Here we present a review highlighting the application of geophysical methods to CZ science research questions. In particular, we consider the application of geophysical methods to map the geometry of structural features such as regolith thickness, lithological boundaries, permafrost extent, snow thickness, or shallow root zones. Combined with knowledge of structure, we discuss how geophysical observations are used to understand CZ processes. Fluxes between snow, surface water, and groundwater affect weathering, groundwater resources, and chemical and nutrient exports to rivers. The exchange of gas between soil and the atmosphere have been studied using geophysical methods in wetland areas. Indirect geophysical methods are a natural and necessary complement to direct observations obtained by drilling or field mapping. Direct measurements should be used to calibrate geophysical estimates, which can then be used to extrapolate interpretations over larger areas or to monitor changing processes over time. Advances in geophysical instrumentation and computational approaches for integrating different types of data have great potential to fill gaps in our understanding of the shallow subsurface portion of the CZ and should be integrated where possible in future CZ research. C1 [Parsekian, A. D.; Holbrook, W. S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Singha, K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Minsley, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Slater, L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Parsekian, AD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM aparseki@uwyo.edu OI Parsekian, Andrew/0000-0001-5072-9818; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306; Holbrook, W. Steven/0000-0003-0065-8841 NR 163 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 16 U2 76 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1002/2014RG000465 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CG8KR UT WOS:000353556900001 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM Ouyang, CJ AF Iverson, Richard M. Ouyang, Chaojun TI Entrainment of bed material by Earth-surface mass flows: Review and reformulation of depth-integrated theory SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ARBITRARILY SLOPING BEDS; FINITE-VOLUME METHODS; LOW SHIELDS STRESS; DAM-BREAK FLOWS; DEBRIS-FLOW; GRANULAR FLOW; CHANGE MODEL; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; SNOW AVALANCHES; ROCK AVALANCHES AB Earth-surface mass flows such as debris flows, rock avalanches, and dam-break floods can grow greatly in size and destructive potential by entraining bed material they encounter. Increasing use of depth-integrated mass and momentum conservation equations to model these erosive flows motivates a review of the underlying theory. Our review indicates that many existing models apply depth-integrated conservation principles incorrectly, leading to spurious inferences about the role of mass and momentum exchanges at flow-bed boundaries. Model discrepancies can be rectified by analyzing conservation of mass and momentum in a two-layer system consisting of amoving upper layer and static lower layer. Our analysis shows that erosion or deposition rates at the interface between layers must, in general, satisfy three jump conditions. These conditions impose constraints on valid erosion formulas, and they help determine the correct forms of depth-integrated conservation equations. Two of the three jump conditions are closely analogous to Rankine-Hugoniot conditions that describe the behavior of shocks in compressible gasses, and the third jump condition describes shear traction discontinuities that necessarily exist across eroding boundaries. Grain-fluid mixtures commonly behave as compressible materials as they undergo entrainment, because changes in bulk density occur as the mixtures mobilize and merge with an overriding flow. If no bulk density change occurs, then only the shear traction jump condition applies. Even for this special case, however, accurate formulation of depth-integrated momentum equations requires a clear distinction between boundary shear tractions that exist in the presence or absence of bed erosion. C1 [Iverson, Richard M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Ouyang, Chaojun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov FU NSFC [41101008] FX We thank Joseph Walder, Christophe Ancey, and anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve this paper. Roger Denlinger, David George, Mark Reid, and Jonathan Godt provided useful discussions that helped motivate this work. We thank Matthew Logan for preparing the supporting information movie. Funding for C. Ouyang's participation in this work was provided by NSFC (41101008). Data shown in Figure 3 can be obtained by contacting R.M. Iverson (riverson@usgs.gov). NR 110 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 27 EP 58 DI 10.1002/2013RG000447 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CG8KR UT WOS:000353556900002 ER PT J AU Bhaskar, AS Welty, C AF Bhaskar, Aditi S. Welty, Claire TI Analysis of subsurface storage and streamflow generation in urban watersheds SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE storage; streamflow generation; urban watersheds; pre-event water ID HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; STORMFLOW GENERATION; RUNOFF RESPONSE; CATCHMENT; HYDROLOGY; GROUNDWATER; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; MICROCATCHMENTS; SNOWMELT AB Subsurface storage as a regulator of streamflow was investigated as an explanation for the large proportion of pre-event water observed in urban streams during storm events. We used multiple lines of inquiry to explore the relationship between pre-event water proportion, subsurface storage, and streamflow under storm conditions. First, we used a three-dimensional model of integrated subsurface and surface flow and solute transport to simulate an idealized hillslope to perform model-based chemical hydrograph separation of stormflow. Second, we employed simple dynamical systems analysis to derive the relationship between subsurface storage and streamflow for three Baltimore, Maryland watersheds (3.8-14 km(2) in area) along an urban-to-rural gradient. Last, we applied chemical hydrograph separation to high-frequency specific conductance data in nested urban watersheds (approximate to 50% impervious surface cover) in Dead Run, Baltimore County, Maryland. Unlike the importance of antecedent subsurface storage observed in some systems, we found that rainfall depth and not subsurface storage was the primary control on pre-event water proportion in both field observations and hillslope numerical experiments. Field observations showed that antecedent stream base flow did not affect pre-event water proportion or streamflow values under storm conditions. Hillslope model results showed that the relationship between streamflow values under storm conditions and subsurface storage was clockwise hysteretic. The simple dynamical systems approach showed that stream base flow in the most urbanized of three watersheds exhibited the largest sensitivity to changes in sto C1 [Bhaskar, Aditi S.; Welty, Claire] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Bhaskar, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM abhaskar@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DGE-0549469, EF-0709659, CBET-0854307, CBET-1058038, EAR-1349815]; NOAA [NA10OAR431220]; NSF Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program (Baltimore Ecosystem Study) under NSF [DEB-0423476, DEB-1027188] FX This work benefitted from use of bias-corrected Hydro-NEXRAD radar-rainfall fields provided by Mary Lynn Baeck and Jim Smith (Princeton University) and meteorological data from the McDonogh station provided by Gordon Heisler and Emma Noonan Powell (USFS). We are grateful for assistance in data processing by Joshua Cole, Roxanne Sanderson, Kelsey Weaver, and Phillip Larson and helpful discussions with Andrew J. Miller (UMBC CUERE). This manuscript benefitted from useful feedback from Dennis O'Carroll, Harihar Rajaram, and two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DGE-0549469, EF-0709659, CBET-0854307, CBET-1058038, and EAR-1349815 and NOAA grant NA10OAR431220. In addition, this work builds upon field and data infrastructure supported by the NSF Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program (Baltimore Ecosystem Study) under NSF grants DEB-0423476 and DEB-1027188. The model simulations and specific conductance data are freely available from the authors. HydroNEXRAD precipitation data are available at http://oshydro.umbc.edu/GFhydroNEXRAD/. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1493 EP 1513 DI 10.1002/2014WR015607 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CG3DU UT WOS:000353158800007 ER PT J AU Farmer, WH Over, TM Vogel, RM AF Farmer, William H. Over, Thomas M. Vogel, Richard M. TI Multiple regression and inverse moments improve the characterization of the spatial scaling behavior of daily streamflows in the Southeast United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spatial scaling of streamflow; inverse moments; omitted-variable bias; multiple regression; prediction in ungaged basins ID THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; MESOSCALE RAINFALL; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; REGIONAL FLOODS; TIME; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; EXPONENTS; DURATION; RUNOFF AB Understanding the spatial structure of daily streamflow is essential for managing freshwater resources, especially in poorly gaged regions. Spatial scaling assumptions are common in flood frequency prediction (e.g., index-flood method) and the prediction of continuous streamflow at ungaged sites (e.g. drainage-area ratio), with simple scaling by drainage area being the most common assumption. In this study, scaling analyses of daily streamflow from 173 streamgages in the southeastern United States resulted in three important findings. First, the use of only positive integer moment orders, as has been done in most previous studies, captures only the probabilistic and spatial scaling behavior of flows above an exceedance probability near the median; negative moment orders (inverse moments) are needed for lower streamflows. Second, assessing scaling by using drainage area alone is shown to result in a high degree of omitted-variable bias, masking the true spatial scaling behavior. Multiple regression is shown to mitigate this bias, controlling for regional heterogeneity of basin attributes, especially those correlated with drainage area. Previous univariate scaling analyses have neglected the scaling of low-flow events and may have produced biased estimates of the spatial scaling exponent. Third, the multiple regression results show that mean flows scale with an exponent of one, low flows scale with spatial scaling exponents greater than one, and high flows scale with exponents less than one. The relationship between scaling exponents and exceedance probabilities may be a fundamental signature of regional streamflow. This signature may improve our C1 [Farmer, William H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Over, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL USA. [Farmer, William H.; Vogel, Richard M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Farmer, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM william.farmer@tufts.edu RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008; Farmer, William/M-4481-2015 OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024; Farmer, William/0000-0002-2865-2196 NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1775 EP 1796 DI 10.1002/2014WR015924 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CG3DU UT WOS:000353158800023 ER PT J AU Parkos, JJ Wolski, LF Loftus, WF Trexler, JC AF Parkos, Joseph J., III Wolski, Lawrence F. Loftus, William F. Trexler, Joel C. TI Dynamic Movement Patterns of Florida Gar within a Fluctuating Hydroscape SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WETLAND LANDSCAPE; HABITAT STRUCTURE; FISH POPULATION; EVERGLADES; DISPERSAL; CONSEQUENCES; PERSPECTIVE; RESPONSES; PREDATOR AB Fish with perennial life histories that inhabit ecosystems where water availability fluctuates seasonally must have movement behavior that accommodates this environmental change. Landscape structure is expected to influence magnitude and direction of these movements by affecting the distribution of water in space and time. Predicting the effects of climate change and restoring historical hydrology in the Florida Everglades, a large wetland that undergoes regular contraction in ecosystem size during seasonal droughts, requires information on how fish movement is affected by spatiotemporal patterns of water availability. We used radio telemetry to quantify spatial scale and direction of displacement of Florida Gar (Lepisosteus platyrhinchus) from focal areas of the Everglades that differ in their seasonal hydrology and position relative to drought refuges. Displacement distances increased during both rising and dropping water levels compared to periods of stable water depth, but increased more and in more directed fashion when ecosystem size was contracting. The initial position of fish relative to natural (i.e., creeks and sloughs) and artificial (i.e., canals) refuge habitats directed dry-season movement and influenced displacement distances by attracting individuals from long distances and reducing inclination of nearby fish to disperse. During rising water, displacement distances overlapped between locations near and far from dry-season refuges because of increased displacement from crowded refuge habitats and decreased movement distances at short-hydroperiod marshes. Florida Gar display flexible movement strategies that accommodate the influence of landscape context on hydrology and distance to drought refuges. Modification of the canal-levee network, managed water releases, and climate change in the Florida Everglades will interact with seasonal displacement of this abundant predator in shaping its population dynamics and food web impacts during and after drought disturbances. C1 [Parkos, Joseph J., III; Wolski, Lawrence F.; Trexler, Joel C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Loftus, William F.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL USA. RP Parkos, JJ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 3000 NE 151st St,MSB 352, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM jparkos3rd@gmail.com; Lawrence.Wolski@mantech.com; arc_wfl@bellsouth.net; Trexler@fiu.edu FU United States Geological Survey [CA 1445-CA09-95-0112]; Florida International University [CA 1445-CA09-95-0112]; Florida Coastal Everglades Long-term Ecological Research Program under National Science Foundation [DEB-9910514] FX We are grateful for the contributions of J. Knouft and C. Ruetz, III to project design and data collection. This project was funded by a cooperative agreement (CA 1445-CA09-95-0112) between the United States Geological Survey and Florida International University. Collections were made under collector's permit #EVER-2003-SCI-0077. This material was developed in collaboration with the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-term Ecological Research Program under National Science Foundation grant no. DEB-9910514. This is publication No. 289 of the Tropical Biology Program of Florida International University (FIU) and contribution No. 703 from the Southeast Environmental Research Center of FIU. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR PY 2015 VL 103 IS 1 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1643/CE-14-078 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF3RD UT WOS:000352465300014 ER PT J AU Swanson, DA Weaver, SJ Houghton, BF AF Swanson, Donald A. Weaver, Samantha J. Houghton, Bruce F. TI Reconstructing the deadly eruptive events of 1790 CE at K(i)over-barlauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; KEANAKAKOI ASH; FOOTPRINTS; CALDERA; HEIGHT; LAKE; AD AB A large number of people died during an explosive eruption of K (i) over bar lauea Volcano in 1790 CE. Detailed study of the upper part of the Keanak (a) over bar ko'i Tephra has identified the deposits that may have been responsible for the deaths. Three successive units record shifts in eruption style that agree well with accounts of the eruption based on survivor interviews 46 yr later. First, a wet fall of very fine, accretionary-lapilli-bearing ash created a "cloud of darkness." People walked across the soft deposit, leaving footprints as evidence. While the ash was still unconsolidated, lithic lapilli fell into it from a high eruption column that was seen from 90 km away. Either just after this tephra fall or during its latest stage, pulsing dilute pyroclastic density currents, probably products of a phreatic eruption, swept across the western flank of Kilauea, embedding lapilli in the muddy ash and crossing the trail along which the footprints occur. The pyroclastic density currents were most likely responsible for the fatalities, as judged from the reported condition and probable location of the bodies. This reconstruction is relevant today, as similar eruptions will probably occur in the future at K (i) over bar lauea and represent its most dangerous and least predictable hazard. C1 [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. [Weaver, Samantha J.; Houghton, Bruce F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Swanson, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51,Hawaii Natl Pk, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. EM donswan@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 127 IS 3-4 BP 503 EP 515 DI 10.1130/B31116.1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF5XW UT WOS:000352631600012 ER PT J AU Friedman, JM Vincent, KR Griffin, ER Scott, ML Shafroth, PB Auble, GT AF Friedman, Jonathan M. Vincent, Kirk R. Griffin, Eleanor R. Scott, Michael L. Shafroth, Patrick B. Auble, Gregor T. TI Processes of arroyo filling in northern New Mexico, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EPHEMERAL-STREAM PROCESSES; RIO-PUERCO BASIN; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; COLORADO PLATEAU; ALLUVIAL STRATIGRAPHY; SEDIMENT STORAGE; AMERICAN-WEST; UNITED-STATES; VALLEY FILLS; EROSION AB We documented arroyo evolution at the tree, trench, and arroyo scales along the lower Rio Puerco and Chaco Wash in northern New Mexico, USA. We excavated 29 buried living woody plants and used burial signatures in their annual rings to date stratigraphy in four trenches across the arroyos. Then, we reconstructed the history of arroyo evolution by combining trench data with arroyo-scale information from aerial imagery, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), longitudinal profiles, and repeat surveys of cross sections. Burial signatures in annual rings of salt cedar and willow dated sedimentary beds greater than 30 cm thick with annual precision. Along both arroyos, incision occurred until the 1930s in association with extreme high flows, and subsequent filling involved vegetation development, channel narrowing, increased sinuosity, and finally vertical aggradation. A strongly depositional sediment transport regime interacted with floodplain shrubs to produce a characteristic narrow, trapezoidal channel. The 55 km study reach along the Rio Puerco demonstrated upstream progression of arroyo widening and filling, but not of arroyo incision, channel narrowing, or floodplain vegetation development. We conclude that the occurrence of upstream progression within large basins like the Rio Puerco makes precise synchrony across basins impossible. Arroyo wall retreat is now mostly limited to locations where meanders impinge on the arroyo wall, forming hairpin bends, for which entry to and exit from the wall are stationary. Average annual sediment storage within the Rio Puerco study reach between 1955 and 2005 was 4.8 x 10(5) t/yr, 16% of the average annual suspended sediment yield, and 24% of the long-term bedrock denudation rate. At this rate, the arroyo would fill in 310 yr. C1 [Friedman, Jonathan M.; Scott, Michael L.; Shafroth, Patrick B.; Auble, Gregor T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Vincent, Kirk R.; Griffin, Eleanor R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Friedman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM friedmanj@usgs.gov OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 FU Global Change Research Program; Central Region Integrated Science Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the Global Change Research Program and the Central Region Integrated Science Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The Pueblo of Isleta generously enabled the research to take place on their land and provided valuable historical and cultural information. Eligio Aragon of Alley Cat Excavating, Peralta, New Mexico, performed the precision backhoe work. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) acquisition in 2005 was carried out by Spectrum Mapping, LLC, overseen by Vivian Queija. Chris Holmquist-Johnson, Zack Bowen, and Terry Waddle led the global positioning system surveys. John Elliott and Allen Gellis provided unpublished cross-section data from the Rio Puerco. Peggy Anderson assisted with the field work. Julie Fleming carried out much of the salt cedar sample preparation. Tammy Fancher assisted with figure preparation. Allen Gellis and two anonymous reviewers made valuable suggestions for improvement of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 127 IS 3-4 BP 621 EP U333 DI 10.1130/B31046.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF5XW UT WOS:000352631600019 ER PT J AU Lake, BC Caikoski, JR Bertram, MR AF Lake, Bryce C. Caikoski, Jason R. Bertram, Mark R. TI Wolf (Canis lupus) Winter Density and Territory Size in a Low Biomass Moose (Alces alces) System SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; biomass; density; GPS; moose (Alces alces); territory; wolf (Canis lupus) ID RADIOTELEMETRY DATA; UNGULATE SYSTEMS; GRAY WOLVES; POPULATION; ALASKA; COMPETITION; DEMOGRAPHY; MORTALITY; TELEMETRY; PREDATION AB We investigated the winter density and territory size of wolves (Canis lupus) on the Yukon Flats, Alaska, where moose (Alces alces) was the sole ungulate prey, occurring at a low density and representing a biomass of ungulate food lower than previously studied in North America. Using locations (GPS coordinates) from collars deployed on seven wolves, we estimated territory sizes with adaptive kernel and minimum convex polygon methods. We then estimated wolf density from a population area defined by these territory sizes and counts of wolves in five marked packs. From November 2009 to April 2010, we obtained 6263 UPS locations. Pack size ranged from two to 10 wolves, with average size of 5.0 in November 2009 and 4.8 in March 2010. Average winter territory size for the five packs was 1433 km(2) with the 95% adaptive kernel method and 1608 km(2) with the minimum convex polygon method. Density (wolves/1000 km(2)) was 3.6 in November and 3.4 in March with the 95% adaptive kernel method and 3.4 in November and 3.3 in March with the minimum convex polygon method. Territories were large and estimates produced by the two methods differed by 11%. Densities were low, and the two analysis methods yielded densities that differed from each other by 3% to 6%. Low wolf density corresponded with low biomass of ungulate food, suggesting that moose availability on the Yukon Flats likely limited wolf density. C1 [Lake, Bryce C.; Bertram, Mark R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Caikoski, Jason R.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Lake, BC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM bryce_lake@fws.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank M. Shelton and R. Swisher, who piloted the helicopter during wolf capture, and N. Guldager and C. Moore, who piloted the plane during aerial wolf counts and captures. S. Arthur provided filtering code for GPS collars. A. Rodgers graciously explained how to implement his computer program on a recent operating system, and S. Hart proofed data. Diligent comments from anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Reference to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise is for descriptive purposes only and does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. government. The views and opinions of document authors do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 38 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD MAR PY 2015 VL 68 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CF1UI UT WOS:000352333000006 ER PT J AU Petersen, A Irons, DB Gilchrist, HG Robertson, GJ Boertmann, D Strom, H Gavrilo, M Artukhin, Y Clausen, DS Kuletz, KJ Mallory, ML AF Petersen, Aevar Irons, David B. Gilchrist, H. Grant Robertson, Gregory J. Boertmann, David Strom, Hallvard Gavrilo, Maria Artukhin, Yuri Clausen, Daniel S. Kuletz, Kathy J. Mallory, Mark L. TI The Status of Glaucous Gulls Larus hyperboreus in the Circumpolar Arctic SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Glaucous Gull; Larus hyperboreus; Arctic; population status; population trends; monitoring; conservation concerns ID GREENLAND MARINE BIOTA; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; BELCHER ISLANDS; URIA-LOMVIA; SEABIRD; TRENDS; NUNAVUT; BIRDS; HYBRIDIZATION; ARGENTATUS AB The entire world population of the Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus breeds in the circumpolar Arctic. Some local populations appear to be declining significantly. In this paper, we ui.nmarize the current state of knowledge on Glaucous Gull populations and trends. The total Arctic population is estimated at 138 600 to 218 600 breeding pairs (277 200 to 437 200 breeding individuals) distributed among at least 2768 colonies (many not documented). Population declines may be attributable to egg harvest, contaminants, or food shortages, but other factors operating outside the breeding season should not be excluded. We recommend collaborative conservation efforts that will include better population estimates in most countries, as well as standardized monitoring programs. C1 [Irons, David B.; Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Gilchrist, H. Grant] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Robertson, Gregory J.] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada. [Boertmann, David] Aarhus Univ, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Strom, Hallvard] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Gavrilo, Maria] Natl Pk Russian Arctic, Arkhangelsk, Russia. [Artukhin, Yuri] RAS, FEB, Pacific Geog Inst, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Clausen, Daniel S.] Aarhus Univ, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Mallory, Mark L.] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. RP Petersen, A (reprint author), Brautarland 2, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM aevar@nett.is RI Mallory, Mark/A-1952-2017 OI Mallory, Mark/0000-0003-2744-3437 NR 115 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD MAR PY 2015 VL 68 IS 1 BP 107 EP 120 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CF1UI UT WOS:000352333000010 ER PT J AU Fujii, JA Ralls, K Tinker, MT AF Fujii, Jessica A. Ralls, Katherine Tinker, Martin Tim TI Ecological drivers of variation in tool-use frequency across sea otter populations SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foraging specialization; learned behavior; sea otter; tool use ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; CALEDONIAN CROWS; WILD CHIMPANZEES; PAN-TROGLODYTES; TURSIOPS SP.; BEHAVIOR; SPECIALIZATION; PATTERNS; DIET AB Sea otters are well-known tool users, employing objects such as rocks or shells to break open hard-shelled invertebrate prey. However, little is known about how the frequency of tool use varies among sea otter populations and the factors that drive these differences. We examined 17 years of observational data on prey capture and tool use from 8 sea otter populations ranging from southern California to the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. There were significant differences in the diets of these populations as well as variation in the frequency of tool use. Sea otters at Amchitka Island, Alaska, used tools on less than 1% of dives that resulted in the capture of prey compared with approximately 16% in Monterey, California. The percentage of individuals in the population that used tools ranged from 10% to 93%. In all populations, marine snails and thick-shelled bivalves were most likely to be associated with tool use, whereas soft-bodied prey items such as worms and sea stars were the least likely. The probability that a tool would be used on a given prey type varied across populations. The morphology of the prey item being handled and the prevalence of various types of prey in local diets were major ecological drivers of tool use: together they accounted for about 64% of the variation in tool-use frequency among populations. The remaining variation may be related to changes in the relative costs and benefits to an individual otter of learning to use tools effectively under differing ecological circumstances. C1 [Fujii, Jessica A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Sea Otter Res & Conservat, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Tinker, Martin Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Fujii, JA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium, Sea Otter Res & Conservat, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM jfujii@mbayaq.org FU U.S. Geological Survey; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Monterey Bay Aquarium; Smithsonian Graduate Research Fellowship FX This work was supported by U.S. Geological Survey, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, and a Smithsonian Graduate Research Fellowship. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 69 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 EI 1465-7279 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 26 IS 2 BP 519 EP 526 DI 10.1093/beheco/aru220 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CF0YX UT WOS:000352271800032 ER PT J AU Huang, SL Dahal, D Liu, HP Jin, SM Young, C Li, S Liu, SG AF Huang, Shengli Dahal, Devendra Liu, Heping Jin, Suming Young, Claudia Li, Shuang Liu, Shuguang TI Spatiotemporal variation of surface shortwave forcing from fire-induced albedo change in interior Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alaska; albedo; fire; surface shortwave forcing; climate forcing ID BOREAL FOREST; SATELLITE IMAGES; ENERGY-BALANCE; SEVERITY; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACT; REGIME; COVER; AGE AB The albedo change caused by fires and the subsequent succession is spatially heterogeneous, leading to the need to assess the spatiotemporal variation of surface shortwave forcing (SSF) as a component to quantify the climate impacts of high-latitude fires. We used an image reconstruction approach to compare postfire albedo with the albedo assuming that no fires had occurred. Combining the fire-caused albedo change from the 2001-2010 fires in interior Alaska and the monthly surface incoming solar radiation, we examined the spatiotemporal variation of SSF in the early successional stage of approximately 10 years. Our results showed that although postfire albedo generally increased in fall, winter, and spring, some burned areas could show an albedo decrease during these seasons. In summer, the albedo increased for several years and then declined again. The spring SSF distribution did not show a latitudinal decrease from south to north as previously reported. The results also indicated that although the SSF is usually largely negative in the early successional years, it may not be significant during the first postfire year. The annual 2005-2010 SSF for the 2004 fire scars was -1.30, -4.40, -3.31, -4.00, -3.42, and -2.47 W.m(-2), respectively. The integrated annual SSF map showed significant spatial variation, with a mean of -3.15 W.m(-2), a standard deviation of 3.26 watts per square metre (W.m(-2)), and 16% of burned areas having positive SSF. Our results suggest that boreal deciduous fires would be less positive for climate change than boreal evergreen fires. Future research is needed to comprehensively investigate the spatiotemporal radiative and nonradiative forcings to determine the effect of boreal fires on the climate. C1 [Huang, Shengli; Jin, Suming] ASRC Fed Inuteq, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dahal, Devendra] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Liu, Heping] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Young, Claudia] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Li, Shuang] Calif State Univ, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Research and Development program FX This work was supported by U.S. Geological Survey Research and Development program. The authors thank Thomas Adamson for revising the English and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 45 IS 3 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0309 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CF0CX UT WOS:000352211400006 ER PT J AU VanSomeren, LL Barboza, PS Thompson, DP Gustine, DD AF VanSomeren, L. L. Barboza, P. S. Thompson, D. P. Gustine, D. D. TI Monitoring digestibility of forages for herbivores: a new application for an old approach SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caribou; in vitro; nitrogen; Rangifer tarandus; Viscozyme ID CARIBOU RANGIFER-TARANDUS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; DRY-MATTER; REINDEER; NITROGEN; RUMINANTS; MUSKOXEN; PROTEIN; WINTER; FEEDS AB Ruminant populations are often limited by how well individuals are able to acquire nutrients for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Nutrient supply to the animal is dictated by the concentration of nutrients in feeds and the efficiency of digesting those nutrients (i.e., digestibility). Many different methods have been used to measure digestibility of forages for wild herbivores, all of which rely on collecting rumen fluid from animals or incubation within animals. Animal-based methods can provide useful estimates, but the approach is limited by the expense of fistulated animals, wide variation in digestibility among animals, and contamination from endogenous and microbial sources that impairs the estimation of nutrient digestibility. We tested an in vitro method using a two-stage procedure using purified enzymes. The first stage, a 6 h acid-pepsin treatment, was followed by a combined 72 h amylase-cellulase or amylase-Viscozyme treatment. We then validated our estimates using in sacco and in vivo methods to digest samples of the same forages. In vitro estimates of dry matter (DM) digestibility were correlated with estimates of in sacco and in vivo DM digestibility (both P < 0.01). The in vitro procedure using Viscozyme (r(2) = 0.77) was more precise than the in vitro procedure using cellulase (r(2) = 0.59). Both procedures can be used to predict in sacco digestibility after correcting for the biases of each method. We used the in vitro method to measure digestibility of nitrogen (N; 0.07-0.95 g/g), which declined to zero as total N content declined below 0.03-0.06 g/g of DM. The in vitro method is well suited to monitoring forage quality over multiple years because it is reproducible, can be used with minimal investment by other laboratories without animal facilities, and can measure digestibility of individual nutrients such as N. C1 [VanSomeren, L. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Barboza, P. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Thompson, D. P.] Kenai Moose Res Ctr, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Gustine, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP VanSomeren, LL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, POB 756100, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ldougla9@alaska.edu FU Department of Biology and Wildlife; Institute of Arctic Biology at University of Alaska Fairbanks; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area; Calvin J. Lensink Graduate Fellowship; USGS through the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Canfor Ltd.; Domtar Inc.; Forest Resources Improvement Association of Alberta; LP Canada Ltd.; Resolute Forest Products Inc.; Tolko Ltd.; Verso Paper Corporation; Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. FX We thank J. Ball, E. Garrett, L. Gehring, J. Jack, K. Oster, P. Reynoldson, and J. Williams for assistance with handling animals; L. Oliver and R. Hart for providing laboratory assistance; and G. Roffler with collection of forages. We also thank our research animals April, Mystic, and Lizzie for their cooperation. This study was funded in part by the Department of Biology and Wildlife and the Institute of Arctic Biology at University of Alaska Fairbanks and the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement. This work was part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and was supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. Use of any trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by the United States government. Support for L.V.S. was provided by the Department of Biology and Wildlife, the Calvin J. Lensink Graduate Fellowship, and the USGS through the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The National Council for Air and Stream Improvement received support from the following organizations for studies of caribou nutrition: Canfor Ltd., Domtar Inc., Forest Resources Improvement Association of Alberta, LP Canada Ltd., Resolute Forest Products Inc., Tolko Ltd., Verso Paper Corporation, and Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 93 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0207 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF0EA UT WOS:000352214400004 ER PT J AU Madison, M AF Madison, Mark TI Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Madison, Mark] Shepherd Univ, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Madison, Mark] Natl Conservat Training Ctr Museum Archives, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shepherdstown, WV USA. RP Madison, M (reprint author), Shepherd Univ, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 EI 1545-6994 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD MAR PY 2015 VL 106 IS 1 BP 190 EP 191 DI 10.1086/681857 PG 4 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA CF1NC UT WOS:000352311700044 ER PT J AU Johnson, FA Boomer, GS Williams, BK Nichols, JD Case, DJ AF Johnson, Fred A. Boomer, G. Scott Williams, Byron K. Nichols, James D. Case, David J. TI Multilevel Learning in the Adaptive Management of Waterfowl Harvests: 20 Years and Counting SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; global change; harvest; learning; waterfowl ID NORTH-AMERICAN WATERFOWL; HABITAT MANAGEMENT; MALLARD HARVESTS; POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB In 1995, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service implemented an adaptive harvest management program (AHM) for the sport harvest of midcontinent mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). The program has been successful in reducing long-standing contentiousness in the regulatory process, while integrating science and policy in a coherent, rigorous, and transparent fashion. After 20 years, much has been learned about the relationship among waterfowl populations, their environment, and hunting regulations, with each increment of learning contributing to better management decisions. At the same time, however, much has been changing in the social, institutional, and environmental arenas that provide context for the AHM process. Declines in hunter numbers, competition from more pressing conservation issues, and global-change processes are increasingly challenging waterfowl managers to faithfully reflect the needs and desires of stakeholders, to account for an increasing number of institutional constraints, and to (probabilistically) predict the consequences of regulatory policy in a changing environment. We review the lessons learned from the AHM process so far, and describe emerging challenges and ways in which they may be addressed. We conclude that the practice of AHM has greatly increased an awareness of the roles of social values, trade-offs, and attitudes toward risk in regulatory decision-making. Nevertheless, going forward the waterfowl management community will need to focus not only on the relationships among habitat, harvest, and waterfowl populations, but on the ways in which society values waterfowl and how those values can change over time. (C) 2015 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by The Wildlife Society. C1 [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Boomer, G. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Williams, Byron K.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Case, David J.] DJ Case & Associates, Mishawaka, IN 46545 USA. RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM fjohnson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We would like to thank the numerous individuals who have contributed to the development and implementation of AHM, especially U.S. Department of the Interior employees J. Dubovsky, W. Kendall, M. Koneff, C. Moore, K. Richkus, A. Royle, M. Runge, and G. Zimmerman. We also express our appreciation to the Flyway Councils and their members who have served on the inter-agency Harvest Management Working Group. Finally, we recognize Mollie Beattie, the late Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for her courage in adopting AHM in the midst of considerable political strife. D. Johnson and J. Leafloor offered helpful suggestions on an early draft of the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the authors' employers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1002/wsb.518 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CE8MA UT WOS:000352095300002 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Fieberg, J AF Mech, L. David Fieberg, John TI Growth Rates and Variances of Unexploited Wolf Populations in Dynamic Equilibria SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; Denali; density; gray wolf; Isle Royale; natural population; observation error; population trajectory; process error; Ricker model; Superior National Forest ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; ISLE ROYALE WOLVES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; OBSERVATION ERROR; GENETIC RESCUE; UNCERTAINTY; PVA AB Several states have begun harvesting gray wolves (Canis lupus), and these states and various European countries are closely monitoring their wolf populations. To provide appropriate perspective for determining unusual or extreme fluctuations in their managed wolf populations, we analyzed natural, long-term, wolf-population-density trajectories totaling 130 years of data from 3 areas: Isle Royale National Park in Lake Superior, Michigan, USA; the east-central Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota, USA; and Denali National Park, Alaska, USA. Ratios between minimum and maximum annual sizes for 2 mainland populations (n=28 and 46 yr) varied from 2.5-2.8, whereas for Isle Royale (n=56 yr), the ratio was 6.3. The interquartile range (25th percentile, 75th percentile) for annual growth rates, N-t (+1)/N-t, was (0.88, 1.14), (0.92, 1.11), and (0.86, 1.12) for Denali, Superior National Forest, and Isle Royale respectively. We fit a density-independent model and a Ricker model to each time series, and in both cases we considered the potential for observation error. Mean growth rates from the density-independent model were close to 0 for all 3 populations, with 95% credible intervals including 0. We view the estimated model parameters, including those describing annual variability or process variance, as providing useful summaries of the trajectories of these populations. The estimates of these natural wolf population parameters can serve as benchmarks for comparison with those of recovering wolf populations. Because our study populations were all from circumscribed areas, fluctuations in them represent fluctuations in densities (i.e., changes in numbers are not confounded by changes in occupied area as would be the case with populations expanding their range, as are wolf populations in many states). (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Fieberg, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1002/wsb.511 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CE8MA UT WOS:000352095300005 ER PT J AU Klimstra, RL Moorman, CE Converse, SJ Royle, JA Harper, CA AF Klimstra, Ryan L. Moorman, Christopher E. Converse, Sarah J. Royle, J. Andrew Harper, Craig A. TI Small Mammal Use of Native Warm-Season and Non-Native Cool-Season Grass Forage Fields SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE forage production; haying; Mus musculus; native warm-season grass; non-native cool-season grass; Peromyscus leucopus; Sigmodon hispidus ID CENTRAL KANSAS; PRAIRIE; POPULATIONS; HABITATS; BIRDS AB Recent emphasis has been put on establishing native warm-season grasses for forage production because it is thought native warm-season grasses provide higher quality wildlife habitat than do non-native cool-season grasses. However, it is not clear whether native warm-season grass fields provide better resources for small mammals than currently are available in non-native cool-season grass forage production fields. We developed a hierarchical spatially explicit capture-recapture model to compare abundance of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), and house mice (Mus musculus) among 4 hayed non-native cool-season grass fields, 4 hayed native warm-season grass fields, and 4 native warm-season grass-forb ("wildlife") fields managed for wildlife during 2 summer trapping periods in 2009 and 2010 of the western piedmont of North Carolina, USA. Cotton rat abundance estimates were greater in wildlife fields than in native warm-season grass and non-native cool-season grass fields and greater in native warm-season grass fields than in non-native cool-season grass fields. Abundances of white-footed mouse and house mouse populations were lower in wildlife fields than in native warm-season grass and non-native cool-season grass fields, but the abundances were not different between the native warm-season grass and non-native cool-season grass fields. Lack of cover following haying in non-native cool-season grass and native warm-season grass fields likely was the key factor limiting small mammal abundance, especially cotton rats, in forage fields. Retention of vegetation structure in managed forage production systems, either by alternately resting cool-season and warm-season grass forage fields or by leaving unharvested field borders, should provide refugia for small mammals during haying events. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Klimstra, Ryan L.; Moorman, Christopher E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Converse, Sarah J.; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Harper, Craig A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Klimstra, RL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ryan.klimstra@north-slope.org OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; State Wildlife Grants; Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program at North Carolina State University FX Funding for the project was provided by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; State Wildlife Grants; and the Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program at North Carolina State University. M. Owen and K. Brown worked as field technicians, and the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences provided volunteer field assistance and logistical support. We thank J. Riley who provided logistical support in the field and fostered relationships with landowners. We also thank the landowners who allowed us to conduct this study in their forage fields, and to the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management for their encouragement in publishing this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1002/wsb.507 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CE8MA UT WOS:000352095300006 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Krapu, GL Brandt, DA Sargeant, GA AF Pearse, Aaron T. Krapu, Gary L. Brandt, David A. Sargeant, Glen A. TI Timing of Spring Surveys for Midcontinent Sandhill Cranes SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Grus canadensis; migration chronology; Nebraska; Platte River; population survey ID POPULATIONS; NEBRASKA AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has used spring aerial surveys to estimate numbers of migrating sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) staging in the Platte River Valley of Nebraska, USA. Resulting estimates index the abundance of the midcontinent sandhill crane population and inform harvest management decisions. However, annual changes in the index have exceeded biologically plausible changes in population size (>50% of surveys between 1982 and 2013 indicate >+/- 20% change), raising questions about nuisance variation due to factors such as migration chronology. We used locations of cranes marked with very-high-frequency transmitters to estimate migration chronology (i.e., proportions of cranes present within the Platte River Valley). We also used roadside surveys to determine the percentage of cranes staging at the Platte River Valley but outside of the survey area when surveys occur. During March 2001-2007, an average of 86% (71-94%; SD=7%) of marked cranes were present along the Platte River during scheduled survey dates, and 0-11% of cranes that were present along the Platte River were not within the survey boundaries. Timing of the annual survey generally corresponded with presence of the greatest proportion of marked cranes and with least inter-annual variation; consequently, accuracy of estimates could not have been improved by surveying on different dates. Conducting the survey earlier would miss birds not yet arriving at the staging site; whereas, a later date would occur at a time when a larger portion of birds may have already departed the staging site and when a greater proportion of birds occurred outside of the surveyed area. Index values used to monitor midcontinent sandhill crane abundance vary annually, in part, due to annual variation in migration chronology and to spatial distribution of cranes in the Platte River Valley; therefore, managers should interpret survey results cautiously, with awareness of a continuing need to identify and understand components of variation. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Krapu, Gary L.; Brandt, David A.; Sargeant, Glen A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 FU Region 6 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study, Central Flyway Council; Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Fund FX We thank the Region 6 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study, Central Flyway Council, and the Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Fund for funding and in-kind assistance. We thank D. Sharp, J. Dubovsky, J. Roberson, M. O'Meilia, T. Mitchusson, J. Hansen, M. Szymanski, M. Johnson, J. Gammonley, H. Hands, S. Kohn, D. Nieman, M. Vrtiska, S. Taylor, S. Vaa, V. Bevill, R. George, L. Roberts, J. Solberg, D. Dolton, the late J. Gabig, D. Benning, R. Parker, S. Anschutz, J. Cornely, M. Forsberg, and P. Tebbel for their help in facilitating various aspects of the study. We thank D. Fronczak, A. Olson, A. Stonsifer, J. Drahota, W. Jones, T. Buhl, F. Sargeant, J. Feist, L. Wood, S. Hawks, D. Grandmaison, M. Westbrock, K. Seginak, B. Hanson, C. Mettenbrink, R. Knopik, C. Graue, V. Carter, B. Geaumont, J. McCabe, D. Smith, L. Potter, J. Thibault, B. Toay, M. Stoley, M. Heiser, and M. Pieron for field assistance. B. Strobel, G. White, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1002/wsb.496 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CE8MA UT WOS:000352095300011 ER PT J AU Bingham, RJ Larsen, RT Bissonette, JA Hall, JO AF Bingham, Richard J. Larsen, Randy T. Bissonette, John A. Hall, Jeffery O. TI Widespread Ingestion of Lead Pellets by Wild Chukars in Northwestern Utah SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Alectoris chukar; background; chukar; elevated; exposure; poisoning; shot; toxicity; Utah ID UPLAND GAME BIRDS; MOURNING DOVES; SHOT INGESTION; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; ALECTORIS-CHUKAR; AVAILABILITY; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; LIVER AB The use of lead ammunition has generated much debate because lead is toxic and elevated lead exposure is documented in >130 wildlife species. We expanded on prior reports of ingested lead in chukars (Alectoris chukar) to assess lead exposure at greater spatial and temporal extents. Our specific objectives concerning lead exposure in chukars from northwestern Utah, USA (approx. 49,000km(2)) were to: 1) approximate a threshold for background versus elevated lead exposure; 2) investigate spatial and temporal variation of lead exposure; and 3) assess the utility of combining frequencies of ingested gizzard lead and elevated liver lead to estimate lead ingestion rates. We obtained hunter and volunteer-harvested chukars collected during July-January, 2003-2011. Using liver lead residues from wild chukars, we estimated a threshold of 1g/g wet weight to separate background versus elevated lead exposure for our data set. For wild chukars, we documented elevated lead exposure (ingested gizzard lead or elevated liver lead) in 5 counties and 8 mountain ranges in years 2003-2007. We estimated lead ingestion rates of 9.3% (43 of 461) using ingested gizzard lead and 8.3% (10 of 121) employing elevated liver lead (1g/g wet weight), respectively. These frequencies were respectively 1.5% and 2.5% less than the combined frequency of ingested gizzard lead and elevated liver lead (10.8%; 52 of 481). Our observed rates of elevated lead exposure were among the highest in the literature for upland birds, suggesting that chukars in northwestern Utah risk lead poisoning. These results corroborate previous findings identifying elevated lead exposure as an issue affecting non waterfowl avian species. (c) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Bingham, Richard J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Larsen, Randy T.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Larsen, Randy T.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Wildland Resources, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hall, Jeffery O.] Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, North Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Hall, Jeffery O.] Utah State Univ, Utah Vet Diagnost Lab, North Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Bingham, RJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, 275WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM r.j.bing@aggiemail.usu.edu FU Brigham Young University; Carson Valley Chukar Club; Nevada Chukar Foundation; Pershing County Chukars Unlimited; Pheasants Forever; Salt Lake County Fish and Game Association; Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Utah Chukar and Wildlife Foundation; Utah Division of Parks and Recreation; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Utah State University; Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; Water for Wildlife FX We thank Brigham Young University, Carson Valley Chukar Club, Nevada Chukar Foundation, Pershing County Chukars Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, Salt Lake County Fish and Game Association, Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife, U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Utah Chukar and Wildlife Foundation, Utah Division of Parks and Recreation, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah State University, Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, and Water for Wildlife for providing financial and logistical support for this research. Additionally, we are grateful to colleagues, family, friends, and volunteers for their assistance and time, without which this study would have been impossible. We would also like to thank the Associate Editor and manuscript reviewers for their many constructive comments, which greatly improved the clarity and flow of this article. Finally, we wish to clarify that the use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1002/wsb.527 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CE8MA UT WOS:000352095300012 ER PT J AU Davis, DM Crawford, JA AF Davis, Dawn M. Crawford, John A. TI Case Study: Short-Term Response of Greater Sage-Grouse Habitats to Wildfire in Mountain Big Sagebrush Communities SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE arthropod abundance; brood-rearing; Centrocercus urophasianus; mountain big sagebrush; sage-grouse; wildfire ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; SOUTHEASTERN OREGON; POSTFIRE RECOVERY; POPULATION; MONTANA; CHICKS; ECOSYSTEMS; GUIDELINES; VEGETATION AB Our case study evaluated the short-term (11yr) implications of wildfire on greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) breeding-season habitat (i.e., nesting and brood-rearing) and ground-dwelling arthropod abundance on Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern Nevada, USA. Two different-aged wildfire sites were sampled in mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata vaseyana) cover types in 1998 and 1999. Plant communities in burned and associated unburned areas did not differ appreciably in species composition and wildfire did not negatively impact arthropod abundance. Wildfires did not increase the frequency of exotic plant species, such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), nor did wildfire have a detrimental effect on native perennial bunchgrasses. Wildfires were effective at changing the mountain big sagebrush community structure from shrub-dominated to one dominated by native grasses and forbs 2-3yr post-burn. However, the absence of shrub cover following 2-3yr of post-fire recovery indicates our overall estimates of vegetation structure were not consistent with published guideline requirements for managing sage-grouse breeding-season habitat. Although burning had little stimulatory effect on total forb cover 10-11yr post-burn, the vegetation and structural components needed to maintain suitable sage-grouse nesting and brood-rearing habitats were present in the burned site. The short-term habitat response to wildfire suggests prescribed fire can be a useful tool to achieve management objectives by manipulating vegetation structure and composition of shrub-dominated landscapes. However, land managers should be cautious using prescribed fire as a management tool in big sagebrush ecosystems if the goal is to improve sage-grouse habitats. (c) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Davis, Dawn M.; Crawford, John A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Davis, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM dawn_davis@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Nevada Bighorns Unlimited; Grasslans Charitable Foundation FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Nevada Bighorns Unlimited. Funding for page costs was provided by Grasslans Charitable Foundation. Authors wish to thank M. J. Disher, S. De Mattos, G. T. Ziegert, A. G. Dawson, E. Shirley, J. R. Stiver, P. S. Fichtinger, and J. S. Torland for assistance with field data collection. We gratefully acknowledge S. J. Stiver and the Nevada Department of Wildlife for logistical support. Thank you to M. A. Gregg and the staff at the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge for providing logistical support, vehicles, and housing. We thank C. L. Aldridge and one anonymous reviewer who provided comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1002/wsb.505 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CE8MA UT WOS:000352095300015 ER PT J AU Brooks, JJ Dvorak, RG Spindler, M Miller, S AF Brooks, Jeffrey J. Dvorak, Robert G. Spindler, Mike Miller, Susanne TI Relationship-Scale Conservation SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE conservation threats; literature synthesis; narratives; place meanings; protected area planning and management; relationship to place; stakeholders; trust ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; PLACE MEANINGS; UNITED-STATES; WILDERNESS; TRUST; COMMUNITY; BIODIVERSITY; EXPERIENCE; COLORADO AB Conservation can occur anywhere regardless of scale, political jurisdiction, or landownership. We present a framework to help managers at protected areas practice conservation at the scale of relationships. We focus on relationships between stakeholders and protected areas and between managers and other stakeholders. We provide a synthesis of key natural resources literature and present a case example to support our premise and recommendations. The purpose is 4-fold: 1) discuss challenges and threats to conservation and protected areas; 2) outline a relationship-scale approach to address conservation threats; 3) describe the tools and techniques that can be used to implement this approach; and 4) present a case example from rural Alaska, USA, to illustrate relationship-scale conservation. Our case example illustrates how aspects of this approach to conservation were applied to address a wildlife population decline. Tools needed to implement relationship-scale conservation include 1) collecting and documenting narratives of place; 2) measuring and monitoring trust and commitment; and 3) identifying and mitigating threats. We recommend that planners and managers, working with their research partners, redefine and refocus their goals and objectives to include these practices. Doing so will enable them to gain substantial applied knowledge about their stakeholders and foster and maintain place relationships as desired outcomes of conservation. The ultimate outcome is a better prognosis for long-term global survival of protected areas and biodiversity. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Brooks, Jeffrey J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Anthropol, Off Subsistence Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Dvorak, Robert G.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Leisure Serv Adm, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Spindler, Mike] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kanuti Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Miller, Susanne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Brooks, JJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Anthropol, Off Subsistence Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd,Mailstop 121, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_brooks@fws.gov FU Office of Subsistence Management, Office of Marine Mammals Management; Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge; Central Michigan University FX We would like to thank those who reviewed the manuscript and provided critical feedback. For their support, the authors wish to thank the Office of Subsistence Management, Office of Marine Mammals Management, and Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge (each part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Alaska). We would like to acknowledge and offer sincere appreciation to the elders of 8 communities in interior Alaska who graciously shared their time, knowledge, and stories for the Raven's Story project. We would like to thank C. Leonetti and J. Fox for their refreshing support, advice, and assistance with identifying the case example presented herein. We recognize the support of Central Michigan University. Dr. Dvorak presented some of the ideas explored in this article at the 10th World Wilderness Congress in Salamanca, Spain. Dr. Brooks was unable to attend the Congress due to the federal sequester and furlough. Despite these challenges, we were able to advance this work due to the dedication of the coauthors and their supporting programs. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the coauthors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 116 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1002/wsb.501 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CE8MA UT WOS:000352095300017 ER PT J AU Ramirez, P Dickerson, K Lindstrom, J Meteyer, CU Darrah, S AF Ramirez, Pedro, Jr. Dickerson, Kimberly Lindstrom, Jim Meteyer, Carol U. Darrah, Scott TI Lapland Longspur Mortality at an Oil Well Drilling Rig Site, Laramie County, Wyoming SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bird mortality; Calcarius lapponicus; drilling rig; Lapland longspur; light entrapment ID LIGHT AB Two hundred fifty-one Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) carcasses were recovered around an oil well drilling rig in Laramie County, Wyoming, USA, on December 13-14, 2010, apparent victims of a winter storm and light entrapment from the lights on the drilling rig during foggy conditions. We found Lapland longspur carcasses distributed around the drilling rig from 33m to 171m. Investigators did not find evidence of bird carcasses on the drilling rig deck or equipment immediately adjacent to the drilling rig. We ruled out chemical toxins and disease as a cause of mortality. Weather conditions, the circular depositional pattern of carcasses around the drilling rig, and bird necropsy results led investigators to conclude that the Lapland longspur mortality was the result of the migrating birds entering the area illuminated by the drilling rig lights in freezing fog and the birds repeatedly circling the drilling rig until they fell to the ground in exhaustion and dying from subsequent trauma. Further research is needed to understand how to most effectively adjust lighting of onshore drilling rigs to reduce the potential for avian light entrapment. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ramirez, Pedro, Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Dickerson, Kimberly; Lindstrom, Jim] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wyoming Ecol Serv Field Off, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Darrah, Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Law Enforcement, Casper, WY 82602 USA. RP Ramirez, P (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1201 Oakridge Dr,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM pedro_ramirez@fws.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.1002/wsb.495 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CE8MA UT WOS:000352095300019 ER PT J AU Clare, JDJ Anderson, EM MacFarland, DM Sloss, BL AF Clare, John D. J. Anderson, Eric M. MacFarland, David M. Sloss, Brian L. TI Comparing the Costs and Detectability of Bobcat Using Scat-Detecting Dog and Remote Camera Surveys in Central Wisconsin SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bobcat; detection probability; Lynx rufus; non-invasive sampling; scat-detecting dogs; Wisconsin ID TRIGGERED CAMERAS; CENTRAL BRAZIL; NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT USE; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; CARNIVORES; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; RATES AB Determining cost-effective field methods for detecting carnivores is critical for effective survey and monitoring studies. As the bobcat (Lynx rufus) undergoes range expansion in the northern and eastern United States, field methods may be useful for informing revisions in population management. We paired 2 scat detection-dog teams and 16 remote cameras at 4 survey sites within central Wisconsin, during summer 2011, and compared detection totals, detection probabilities, and costs between methods. Laboratory expenditures are an additional cost for scat collection, and we modeled the probability that a collected scat was genetically confirmed as bobcat as a function of dog, handler, site, and the strength of the dog's behavior. We estimated that detection-dog surveys required only 2 days to achieve a 90% probability of detecting a bobcat in a 4-km(2) area, while a single camera station would require 7-8 weeks. But a month of detection-dog surveys cost 33% more than a 4-month camera survey, with projected cost differences increasing annually. There were dog-specific differences in collection rate, and the probability that a collected scat was genetically confirmed as bobcat was best predicted by the individual dog associated with collection and the survey area, rather than the handler or the dog's observed response. We recommend cameras as a generally more cost-efficient bobcat survey method, and we advise against relying on the strength of an individual dog's response as a means of screening samples for genetic analysis. However, the most appropriate survey method is likely to be goal-dependent, and we recommend that detection-dog contractors both advertise and match the strengths and weaknesses of specific dogs with the needs of clientele. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Clare, John D. J.; Anderson, Eric M.] Univ Wisconsin Stevens Point, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [MacFarland, David M.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Wildlife Management, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin Stevens Point, Wisconsin Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, United States Geol Survey, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Clare, JDJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5755 Nutting Hall,Room 210, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM john.clare@maine.edu FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act Project [W-160-P]; WDNR; University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point FX Great thanks to R. Franckowiak, J. Sloss, and K. Turnquist (Molecular Conservation Genetics Laboratory) for laboratory assistance and general molecular advice. H. Smith (CBC, UW) provided valuable advice regarding dog survey design, and J. Hartmann and K. Ramey surveyed tirelessly. J. Larson was vital for camera field success and assisted with laboratory procedures. Thanks to R. King (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), K. Brockman-Maderas, B. Peters, R. Paisley (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources [WDNR]), and several private landowners for allowing survey access. The associate editor and 2 anonymous reviewers provided feedback that improved the focus and clarity of the piece. This project was funded by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act Project W-160-P study SSNE, WDNR, and The University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. Use of trade names throughout the manuscript does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the State of Wisconsin. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1002/wsb.502 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CE8MA UT WOS:000352095300027 ER PT J AU Bettoli, PW AF Bettoli, Phillip W. TI THE LAST STAND OF THE BARRENS TOPMINNOW SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Bettoli, PW (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM pbettoli@tntech.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Tennessee Technological University FX The Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, and the Tennessee Technological University. In preparing this essay I reviewed information from various sources, especially the theses and reports coauthored by two of my graduate students (Andrea Johnson and Cory Goldsworthy), two Tennessee state government websites (www.state.tn.us/environment/natural-areas/natural-areas/may/; www.tn.gov/environment/conservationist/archive/grass.htm), and the works of Rakes (1989. Life history and ecology of the Barrens Topminnow, Fundulus julisia Williams and Etnier [Pisces, Fundulidae]. Master's Thesis. University of Tennessee, Knoxville), Williams and Etnier (1982. Description of a new species, Fundulus julisia, with a redescription of Fundulus albolineatus and a diagnosis of the subgenus Xenisma [Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae]. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History. University of Kansas, Lawrence), and Etnier and Starnes (2001. The fishes of Tennessee. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville). NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2015 VL 40 IS 3 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CE7MC UT WOS:000352023900004 ER PT J AU Cavallaro, MC Vivian, LA Hoback, WW AF Cavallaro, Michael C. Vivian, Lindsay A. Hoback, W. Wyatt TI Aquatic vertebrate predation threats to the Platte River caddisfly (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE brook stickleback; fish behavior; invertebrate conservation; benthic macroinvertebrate; Nebraska USA ID BROOK STICKLEBACK; CULAEA-INCONSTANS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; FISH; WETLANDS; MOSQUITOFISH; NEBRASKA AB The Platte River caddisfly, Ironoquia plattensis Alexander & Whiles (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), was once the most abundant component of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in Platte River backwater sloughs, attaining larval densities of approximately 1,000 individuals per m(2) and accounting for approximately 40% of the emerging secondary production. Surveys for the species conducted between 1999 and 2004 found 6 sites with I. plattensis, and recent sampling has found 29 additional sites with the caddisfly; however, only one population has densities comparable to those found at the type locality. Backwater sloughs where I. plattensis occur provide habitat for a variety of aquatic vertebrates which could potentially threaten the species' persistence. This project tested the ability of seven fish species and a tadpole to consume I. plattensis larvae. Replicated experiments presented vertebrates with 3 early instar I. plattensis larvae in 9.5 liter aquaria. Based on Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA (P = 0.05), significant predation was observed only with brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans Kirtland (Gasterosteiformes: Gasterosteidae), feeding trials. C. inconstans consumed a mean of 0.49 I. plattensis larvae per 24 h. Our results suggest I. plattensis populations may be reduced by the presence of brook stickleback in backwater sloughs. Alterations to the Platte River may increase the chances for I. plattensis and C. inconstans habitat overlap from greater river connectivity. C1 [Cavallaro, Michael C.; Hoback, W. Wyatt] Univ Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. [Vivian, Lindsay A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grand Isl, NE 68801 USA. RP Hoback, WW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. EM whoback@okstate.edu FU University of Nebraska at Kearney Student Research Services Council; University of Nebraska at Kearney Department of Biology FX We would like to thank the University of Nebraska at Kearney Student Research Services Council and the University of Nebraska at Kearney Department of Biology for providing funding for this research. In addition, we extend our thanks to David Schumann for his assistance in the field collecting fish and larvae to conduct these experiments. Current addresses: M. Cavallaro, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8 Canada, michael.cavallaro@usask.ca; W. Wyatt Hoback, Dept. of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 127 Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074-3033, USA; whoback@okstate.edu; and L. Vivian, California Department of Transportation, 111 Grand Avenue, MS: 8E Oakland, CA 94612 USA, lindsayviv@gmail.com NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 98 IS 1 BP 152 EP 156 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA CE8JD UT WOS:000352087500025 ER PT J AU Hirth, G Beeler, NM AF Hirth, Greg Beeler, N. M. TI The role of fluid pressure on frictional behavior at the base of the seismogenic zone SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPPER-MANTLE; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; QUARTZ; MECHANICS; STRENGTH AB To characterize stress and deformation style at the base of the seismogenic zone, we investigate how the mechanical properties of fluid-rock systems respond to variations in temperature and strain rate. The role of fluids on the processes responsible for the brittle-ductile transition in quartz-rich rocks has not been explored at experimental conditions where the kinetic competition between micro-cracking and viscous flow is similar to that expected in the Earth. Our initial analysis of this competition suggests that the effective stress law for sliding friction should not work as efficiently near the brittle-ductile transition as it does at shallow conditions. C1 [Hirth, Greg] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Hirth, G (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM greg_hirth@brown.edu FU National Science Foundation; Southern California Earthquake Center FX This work was funded through grants from the National Science Foundation and the Southern California Earthquake Center. We thank A. Thomas and R. Burgmann for helpful discussions, and C. Morrow, P. McCrory, J. Platt (University of Southern California), M. Handy, and D. Wallis for constructive reviews. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2015 VL 43 IS 3 BP 223 EP 226 DI 10.1130/G36361.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CE8ML UT WOS:000352096700010 ER PT J AU Owen, SF Berl, JL Edwards, JW Ford, WM Wood, PB AF Owen, Sheldon F. Berl, Jacob L. Edwards, John W. Ford, W. Mark Wood, Petra Bohall TI Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Diurnal Den Use within an Intensively Managed Forest in Central West Virginia SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI; HABITAT SELECTION; ADULT RACCOONS; DISEASE SPREAD; TREE CAVITIES; AVAILABILITY; MESOPREDATOR; LANDSCAPE; ILLINOIS; AGE AB Intensive forest management may influence the availability of suitable den sites for large den-seeking species, such as Procyon lotor (Raccoon). As part of a Raccoon ecology study on an industrial forest in the Allegheny Mountains of central West Virginia, we radio-tracked 32 Raccoons to 175 diurnal den sites to determine relative use of dens that included cavity trees, rock dens, log piles, slash piles, and exposed limbs. Patterns of den use significantly differed between sexes and among seasons. Overall, we recorded 58 cavity dens in 12 tree species with 7 maternal dens found in 5 tree species. Raccoons selected larger-diameter den trees than available cavity trees and non-cavity trees. Because the abundance of suitable tree cavities is known to influence Raccoon densities and recruitment at fine spatial scales and female Raccoons in this study used tree cavities as maternal den sites, the continued harvest of large-diameter trees (i.e., those capable of developing den cavities) without replacement may impact Raccoon recruitment within intensively managed forests throughout the central Appalachians. C1 [Owen, Sheldon F.; Berl, Jacob L.; Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Serv, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Edwards, JW (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jedwards@wvu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University; WV Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit US Geological Survey; MeadWestvaco Corporation; USDA/APHIS Wildlife Services; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources FX Funding was provided by USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, WV Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit US Geological Survey, MeadWestvaco Corporation, USDA/APHIS Wildlife Services, and West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. We thank our field technicians, H. Brace and J. Adams for their hard work and long hours. We also thank J. Johnson, J. Rodrigue, and J. Crum for field assistance and G. Seidel for statistical guidance. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. This is West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station Scientific Article No. 3237. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD MAR PY 2015 VL 22 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1656/045.022.0106 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE1CZ UT WOS:000351550900006 ER PT J AU Zanatta, DT Bossenbroek, JM Burlakova, LE Crail, TD de Szalay, F Griffith, TA Kapusinski, D Karatayev, AY Krebs, RA Meyer, ES Paterson, WL Prescott, TJ Rowe, MT Schloesser, DW Walsh, MC AF Zanatta, David T. Bossenbroek, Jonathan M. Burlakova, Lyubov E. Crail, Todd D. de Szalay, Ferenc Griffith, Traci A. Kapusinski, Douglas Karatayev, Alexander Y. Krebs, Robert A. Meyer, Elizabeth S. Paterson, Wendy L. Prescott, Trevor J. Rowe, Matthew T. Schloesser, Don W. Walsh, Mary C. TI Distribution of Native Mussel (Unionidae) Assemblages in Coastal Areas of Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair, and Connecting Channels, Twenty-five Years After a Dreissenid Invasion SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHA PALLAS INVASION; ZEBRA MUSSEL; NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-LAKES; BIVALVIA; WETLAND; DECLINE; INFESTATION; COMMUNITIES; EXTINCTIONS AB Over the past 25 years, unionid mussels in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America have been adversely impacted by invasive dreissenid mussels, which directly (e.g., by attachment to unionid shells) and indirectly (e.g., by competing for food) cause mortality. Despite the invasion, unionids have survived in several areas in the presence of dreissenid mussels. We investigated current spatial patterns in these native mussel refuges based on surveys for unionid mussels across 48 sampling locations (141 sites) in 2011 and 2012, and documented species abundance and diversity in coastal areas of lakes St. Clair and Erie. The highest-quality assemblages of native mussels (densities, richness, and diversity) appear to be concentrated in the St. Clair delta, where abundance continues to decline, as well as in in Thompson Bay of Presque Isle in Lake Erie and in just a few coastal wetlands and drowned river-mouths in the western basin of Lake Erie. The discovery of several new refuge areas suggests that unionids have a broader distribution within the region than previously thought. C1 [Zanatta, David T.; Griffith, Traci A.; Paterson, Wendy L.; Rowe, Matthew T.] Cent Michigan Univ, Inst Great Lakes Res, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Bossenbroek, Jonathan M.; Crail, Todd D.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Lake Erie Ctr, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Burlakova, Lyubov E.; Karatayev, Alexander Y.] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Great Lakes Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. [de Szalay, Ferenc; Kapusinski, Douglas] Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Krebs, Robert A.; Prescott, Trevor J.] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Meyer, Elizabeth S.; Walsh, Mary C.] Western Penn Conservancy, Penn Nat Heritage Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. [Schloesser, Don W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Zanatta, DT (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Inst Great Lakes Res, Dept Biol, 217 Brooks Hall, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM zanat1d@cmich.edu OI Krebs, Robert/0000-0003-3384-5870 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act [30191-A-G152] FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act (project No. 30191-A-G152). Scientific collection permits were provided by wildlife agencies of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario. Special thanks to the dive crew, J. Bateman, G. Longton, D. Okon, and M. Shackelford, from DTE Energy. Additional assistance in the field was provided by: M. Scott, E. Nederhoed, J. Bergner, J. Twichell, E. Bertram, L. Adams, L. Kolich, and E. Marlow from Central Michigan University; B. Morgan, M. Hickin, B. Brdek, J. Martin, and K. Shreve from Kent State University; M. Begley from Cleveland State University; N. Bryan, C. Florence, S. Schnapp, J. Sieracki, and L. Volmar from the University of Toledo; R. Miller, A. Halmi, and C. Folb from Western Pennsylvania Conservancy; Dr. E. Masteller from the Tom Ridge Environmental Center; V. Karatayev from Cornell University; and I. Porto-Hannes from SUNY University at Buffalo. Dr. T. Morris of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the Walpole Island First Nation facilitated access to sites on the Canadian side of the St. Clair delta. Thanks to Dr. R. Hershler and 2 anonymous reviewers for making suggestions to improve this manuscript. This article is contribution #47 of the Central Michigan University Institute for Great Lakes Research and contribution #1888 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center, USGS, Ann Arbor, MI. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 54 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD MAR PY 2015 VL 22 IS 1 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1656/045.022.0115 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE1CZ UT WOS:000351550900020 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, JT Huston, DC Gibson, JR AF Hutchinson, Jeffrey T. Huston, Daniel C. Gibson, J. Randy TI Defoliation of Cultured Creeping Primrose Willow (Ludwigia repens) and Other Aquatic Plants by Parapoynx obscuralis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; INSECT HERBIVORES; PYRALIDAE; PREDATION C1 [Hutchinson, Jeffrey T.; Gibson, J. Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Huston, Daniel C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Inks Dam Natl Fish Hatchery, Burnet, TX USA. RP Hutchinson, JT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resources Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM jeffrey_hutchinson@fws.gov OI Huston, Daniel Colgan/0000-0002-1015-4703 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 40 IS 1 BP 227 EP 231 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA CE1YP UT WOS:000351609200022 ER PT J AU Pigati, JS McGeehin, JP Muhs, DR Grimley, DA Nekola, JC AF Pigati, Jeffrey S. McGeehin, John P. Muhs, Daniel R. Grimley, David A. Nekola, Jeffrey C. TI Radiocarbon dating loess deposits in the Mississippi Valley using terrestrial gastropod shells (Polygyridae, Helicinidae, and Discidae) SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Snails; Chronology; Loess; Eolian; Mississippi Valley; Paleoclimate ID LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; UNITED-STATES; RIVER VALLEY; LATE PLEISTOCENE; AGE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; CALIBRATION; SYSTEM; SOILS; C-14 AB Small terrestrial gastropod shells (mainly Succineidae) have been used successfully to date late Quaternary loess deposits in Alaska and the Great Plains. However, Succineidae shells are less common in loess deposits in the Mississippi Valley compared to those of the Polygyridae, Helicinidae, and Discidae families. In this study, we conducted several tests to determine whether shells of these gastropods could provide reliable ages for loess deposits in the Mississippi Valley. Our results show that most of the taxa that we investigated incorporate small amounts (1-5%) of old carbon from limestone in their shells, meaning that they should yield ages that are accurate to within a few hundred years. In contrast, shells of the genus Mesodon (Mesodon elevatus and Mesodon zaletus) contain significant and variable amounts of old carbon, yielding ages that are up to a couple thousand C-14 years too old. Although terrestrial gastropod shells have tremendous potential for C-14 dating loess deposits throughout North America, we acknowledge that accuracy to within a few hundred years may not be sufficient for those interested in developing high-resolution loess chronologies. Even with this limitation, however, C-14 dating of terrestrial gastropod shells present in Mississippi Valley loess deposits may prove useful for researchers interested in processes that took place over multi-millennial timescales or in differentiating stratigraphic units that have significantly different ages but similar physical and geochemical properties. The results presented here may also be useful to researchers studying loess deposits outside North America that contain similar gastropod taxa. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Muhs, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Grimley, David A.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Nekola, Jeffrey C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Pigati, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jpigati@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX We thank Buddy Schweig and Art Bettis for field support. This manuscript benefited from constructive reviews from Jeff Honke and Janet Slate (both USGS), as well as two anonymous reviewers. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 16 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.10.005 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA CE2LX UT WOS:000351648200004 ER PT J AU Chornesky, EA Ackerly, DD Beier, P Davis, FW Flint, LE Lawler, JJ Moyle, PB Moritz, MA Scoonover, M Byrd, K Alvarez, P Heller, NE Micheli, ER Weiss, SB AF Chornesky, Elizabeth A. Ackerly, David D. Beier, Paul Davis, Frank W. Flint, Lorraine E. Lawler, Joshua J. Moyle, Peter B. Moritz, Max A. Scoonover, Mary Byrd, Kristin Alvarez, Pelayo Heller, Nicole E. Micheli, Elisabeth R. Weiss, Stuart B. TI Adapting California's Ecosystems to a Changing Climate SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adaptation; adaptive capacity; ecosystem service; global change; Mediterranean climate ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; SERVICES; FUTURE; BIODIVERSITY; ADAPTATION; FORESTS; IMPACT; FACE AB Significant efforts are underway to translate improved understanding of how climate change is altering ecosystems into practical actions for sustaining ecosystem functions and benefits. We explore this transition in California, where adaptation and mitigation are advancing relatively rapidly, through four case studies that span large spatial domains and encompass diverse ecological systems, institutions, ownerships, and policies. The case studies demonstrate the context specificity of societal efforts to adapt ecosystems to climate change and involve applications of diverse scientific tools (e.g., scenario analyses, downscaled climate projections, ecological and connectivity models) tailored to specific planning and management situations (alternative energy siting, wetland management, rangeland management, open space planning). They illustrate how existing institutional and policy frameworks provide numerous opportunities to advance adaptation related to ecosystems and suggest that progress is likely to be greatest when scientific knowledge is integrated into collective planning and when supportive policies and financing enable action. C1 [Ackerly, David D.] Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. [Ackerly, David D.] Jepson Herbarium, Berkeley, CA USA. [Moritz, Max A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beier, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Sustainable Resource Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Scoonover, Mary] Resources Legacy Fund, Sacramento, CA USA. [Byrd, Kristin] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Alvarez, Pelayo] Calif Rangeland Coalit, Davis, CA USA. [Heller, Nicole E.; Micheli, Elisabeth R.] Dwight Ctr Conservat Sci Pepperwood, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Weiss, Stuart B.] Creekside Ctr Earth Observat, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM echornesky@sbcglobal.net RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 FU RLF FX This article enlarges upon the findings of a working group convened in 2012 by the Resources Legacy Fund (RLF) to explore general principles for guiding efforts to adapt California's ecosystems to climate change. We are grateful to RLF for catalyzing our work in this area and for providing partial support to EAC during the preparation of this manuscript. Amber Manfree and Kristeen Penrod generously adapted figures from previous publications for our use here. We appreciate, and the paper was greatly improved by, the thoughtful comments provided by the editor and four anonymous reviewers. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 12 U2 55 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2015 VL 65 IS 3 BP 247 EP 262 DI 10.1093/biosci/biu233 PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CC9RM UT WOS:000350708300009 ER PT J AU Veran, S Simpson, SJ Sword, GA Deveson, E Piry, S Hines, JE Berthier, K AF Veran, Sophie Simpson, Stephen J. Sword, Gregory A. Deveson, Edward Piry, Sylvain Hines, James E. Berthier, Karine TI Modeling spatiotemporal dynamics of outbreaking species: influence of environment and migration in a locust SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chortoicetes terminifera; climate; cluster; dispersal; landscape; locust; multistate; occupancy; outbreak; pest species; spatial autocorrelation ID AUSTRALIAN PLAGUE LOCUST; CHORTOICETES-TERMINIFERA WALKER; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POPULATION TIME-SERIES; PHASE POLYPHENISM; SIMULATION-MODEL; TRAVELING-WAVES; MULTIPLE STATES; PATTERNS; FLUCTUATIONS AB Many pest species exhibit huge fluctuations in population abundance. Understanding their large-scale and long-term dynamics is necessary to develop effective control and management strategies. Occupancy models represent a promising approach to unravel interactions between environmental factors and spatiotemporal dynamics of outbreaking populations. Here, we investigated population dynamics of the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera, using density data collected between 1988 and 2010 by the Australian Plague Locust Commission over more than 3 million km(2) in eastern Australia. We applied multistate and autologistic multi-season occupancy models to test competing hypotheses about environmental and demographic processes affecting the large-scale dynamics of the Australian plague locust. We found that rainfall and land cover predictors best explained the spatial variability in outbreak probability across eastern Australia. Outbreaks are more likely to occur in temperate than tropical regions, with a faster and more continuous response to rainfall in desert than in agricultural areas. Our results also support the hypothesis that migration tends to propagate outbreaks only locally (over distances lower than 400 km) rather than across climatic regions. Our study suggests that locust outbreak forecasting and management systems could be improved by implementing key environmental factors and migration in hierarchical spatial models. Finally, our modeling framework can be seen as a step towards bridging the gap between mechanistic and more phenomenological models in the spatial analysis of fluctuating populations. C1 [Veran, Sophie; Piry, Sylvain] INRA, UMR CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Simpson, Stephen J.; Berthier, Karine] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sword, Gregory A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Deveson, Edward] Australian Govt Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Australian Plague Locust Commiss, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Deveson, Edward] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Hines, James E.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Berthier, Karine] INRA, Pathol Vegetale UR0407, F-84143 Montfavet, France. RP Berthier, K (reprint author), INRA, Pathol Vegetale UR0407, F-84143 Montfavet, France. EM karine.berthier@avignon.inra.fr OI Simpson, Stephen J./0000-0003-0256-7687 FU Australian Research Council Linkage grant [LP0669080] FX We are grateful to M-P. Chapuis and X. Lambin for useful comments on this work. This research was funded by an Australian Research Council Linkage grant (LP0669080) on Australian plague locust population genetics and migratory behavior. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2015 VL 96 IS 3 BP 737 EP 748 DI 10.1890/14-0183.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD7MY UT WOS:000351275800014 PM 26236870 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Rode, KD Budge, SM Thiemann, GW AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Rode, Karyn D. Budge, Suzanne M. Thiemann, Gregory W. TI Distance measures and optimization spaces in quantitative fatty acid signature analysis SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Aitchison; Chukchi Sea; diet composition; gray seal; Halichoerus grypus; Kullback-Leibler; polar bear; QFASA; Ursus maritimus ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; DIET; VARIABILITY; LIONS AB Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis has become an important method of diet estimation in ecology, especially marine ecology. Controlled feeding trials to validate the method and estimate the calibration coefficients necessary to account for differential metabolism of individual fatty acids have been conducted with several species from diverse taxa. However, research into potential refinements of the estimation method has been limited. We compared the performance of the original method of estimating diet composition with that of five variants based on different combinations of distance measures and calibration-coefficient transformations between prey and predator fatty acid signature spaces. Fatty acid signatures of pseudopredators were constructed using known diet mixtures of two prey data sets previously used to estimate the diets of polar bears Ursus maritimus and gray seals Halichoerus grypus, and their diets were then estimated using all six variants. In addition, previously published diets of Chukchi Sea polar bears were re-estimated using all six methods. Our findings reveal that the selection of an estimation method can meaningfully influence estimates of diet composition. Among the pseudopredator results, which allowed evaluation of bias and precision, differences in estimator performance were rarely large, and no one estimator was universally preferred, although estimators based on the Aitchison distance measure tended to have modestly superior properties compared to estimators based on the Kullback-Leibler distance measure. However, greater differences were observed among estimated polar bear diets, most likely due to differential estimator sensitivity to assumption violations. Our results, particularly the polar bear example, suggest that additional research into estimator performance and model diagnostics is warranted. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.; Rode, Karyn D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Budge, Suzanne M.] Dalhousie Univ, Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Thiemann, Gregory W.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009; Thiemann, Gregory/J-9517-2013 OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202; Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500; NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1262 DI 10.1002/ece3.1429 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CD9YT UT WOS:000351458500011 PM 25859330 ER PT J AU Langin, KM Sillett, TS Funk, WC Morrison, SA Desrosiers, MA Ghalambor, CK AF Langin, Kathryn M. Sillett, T. Scott Funk, W. Chris Morrison, Scott A. Desrosiers, Michelle A. Ghalambor, Cameron K. TI Islands within an island: Repeated adaptive divergence in a single population SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Adaptation; Aphelocoma; gene flow; morphological evolution; natural selection; population structure ID SMALL SPATIAL SCALE; SANTA-CRUZ-ISLAND; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; GENE FLOW; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; SCRUB-JAYS; MICROGEOGRAPHIC ADAPTATION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; NATURAL-SELECTION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB Physical barriers to gene flow were once viewed as prerequisites for adaptive evolutionary divergence. However, a growing body of theoretical and empirical work suggests that divergence can proceed within a single population. Here we document genetic structure and spatially replicated patterns of phenotypic divergence within a bird species endemic to 250 km(2) Santa Cruz Island, California, USA. Island scrub-jays (Aphelocoma insularis) in three separate stands of pine habitat had longer, shallower bills than jays in oak habitat, a pattern that mirrors adaptive differences between allopatric populations of the species' mainland congener. Variation in both bill measurements was heritable, and island scrub-jays mated nonrandomly with respect to bill morphology. The population was not panmictic; instead, we found a continuous pattern of isolation by distance across the east-west axis of the island, as well as a subtle genetic discontinuity across the boundary between the largest pine stand and adjacent oak habitat. The ecological factors that appear to have facilitated adaptive differentiation at such a fine scaleenvironmental heterogeneity and localized dispersalare ubiquitous in nature. These findings support recent arguments that microgeographic patterns of adaptive divergence may be more common than currently appreciated, even in mobile taxonomic groups like birds. C1 [Langin, Kathryn M.; Funk, W. Chris; Desrosiers, Michelle A.; Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Langin, Kathryn M.; Funk, W. Chris; Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sillett, T. Scott] Natl Zool Pk, Migratory Bird Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Morrison, Scott A.] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Langin, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM k.m.langin@gmail.com OI Langin, Kathryn/0000-0002-1799-1942 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [GRFP-2006037277, DDIG-1210421]; Nature Conservancy (TNC); U.S. National Park Service (NPS); Colorado State University; Smithsonian Institution; Queen's University FX We thank L. Angeloni, C. Benkman, L. Caldwell, A. Charmantier, K. Crooks, P. Grant, R. Grant, R. Greenberg, C. Handelsman, T. Lenormand, J. McCormack, M. Pesendorfer, E. Ruell, H. Sofaer, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the study and manuscript; the U.S. National Science Foundation (GRFP-2006037277, DDIG-1210421), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), Colorado State University, the Smithsonian Institution, and Queen's University for funding; TNC, NPS, and the University of California Natural Reserve System's Santa Cruz Island Reserve for logistical support and access to Santa Cruz Island; and many field technicians for their assistance with data and sample collection. NR 101 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD MAR PY 2015 VL 69 IS 3 BP 653 EP 665 DI 10.1111/evo.12610 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CD9VD UT WOS:000351446000008 PM 25645813 ER PT J AU Munzimi, YA Hansen, MC Adusei, B Senay, GB AF Munzimi, Yolande A. Hansen, Matthew C. Adusei, Bernard Senay, Gabriel B. TI Characterizing Congo Basin Rainfall and Climate Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Satellite Data and Limited Rain Gauge Ground Observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION RADAR; WORLD MAP; CLASSIFICATION; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; AFRICA; TEMPERATURE; REGIONS; SCALES AB Quantitative understanding of Congo River basin hydrological behavior is poor because of the basin's limited hydrometeorological observation network. In cases such as the Congo basin where ground data are scarce, satellite-based estimates of rainfall, such as those from the joint NASA/JAXA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), can be used to quantify rainfall patterns. This study tests and reports the use of limited rainfall gauge data within the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to recalibrate a TRMM science product (TRMM 3B42, version 6) in characterizing precipitation and climate in the Congo basin. Rainfall estimates from TRMM 3B42, version 6, are compared and adjusted using ground precipitation data from 12 DRC meteorological stations from 1998 to 2007. Adjustment is achieved on a monthly scale by using a regression-tree algorithm. The output is a new, basin-specific estimate of monthly and annual rainfall and climate types across the Congo basin. This new product and the latest version-7 TRMM 3B43 science product are validated by using an independent long-term dataset of historical isohyets. Standard errors of the estimate, root-mean-square errors, and regression coefficients r were slightly and uniformly better with the recalibration from this study when compared with the 3B43 product (mean monthly standard errors of 31 and 40 mm of precipitation and mean r 2 of 0.85 and 0.82, respectively), but the 3B43 product was slightly better in terms of bias estimation (1.02 and 1.00). Despite reasonable doubts that have been expressed in studies of other tropical regions, within the Congo basin the TRMM science product (3B43) performed in a manner that is comparable to the performance of the recalibrated product that is described in this study. C1 [Munzimi, Yolande A.; Hansen, Matthew C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adusei, Bernard] Radius Technol Grp Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Hansen, MC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mhansen@umd.edu FU NASA [NNX09AN99H]; U.S. Agency for International Development through its Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE) FX This study was made possible through funding provided by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (Grant NNX09AN99H) and by the U.S. Agency for International Development through its Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE). The authors are very grateful to the TRMM Science Team at NASA/GSFC, who are responsible for the development of the TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis algorithm, and to the Precipitation Processing System (PPS) science team who computed the TRMM science product used in this study "TRMM and Other Data Precipitation Data Set" 3B43, version 7, as well as the version-6 TRMM 3B42 science product. The authors are also grateful to USGS/EROS, which performed post-processing and distribution of the value-added daily datasets accumulated from NASA TRMM 3B42 and used in this study. The authors thank the Democratic Republic of the Congo meteorological agency Agence Nationale de Meteorologie et de Teledetection par Satellite (METTELSAT) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo waterway public company Regie des voies fluviales (RVF) for sharing their ground information. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 54 IS 3 BP 541 EP 555 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0052.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6UV UT WOS:000351226200002 ER PT J AU Kasper, JW Denver, JM York, JK AF Kasper, Joshua W. Denver, Judith M. York, Joanna K. TI Suburban Groundwater Quality as Influenced by Turfgrass and Septic Sources, Delmarva Peninsula, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS TURF; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; FRESH-WATER; FLOW PATHS; NITRATE; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; FATE AB Suburban land use is expanding in many parts of the United States and there is a need to better understand the potential water-quality impacts of this change. This study characterized groundwater quality in a sandy, water-table aquifer influenced by suburban development and compared the results to known patterns in water chemistry associated with natural, background conditions and agricultural effects. Samples for nutrients, major ions, and isotopes of N and O in NO3- were collected in 2011 beneath turfgrass from 29 shallow wells (median depth 3.7 m) and from 18 deeper wells (median depth 16.9 m) in a long-term suburban development. Nitrate (as N) concentrations in groundwater beneath turfgrass were highly variable (0.02-22.3 mg L-1) with a median of 2.7 mg L-1, which is higher than natural water chemistry (>0.4 mg L-1; Na+-Cl--HCO3- water type), but significantly lower than concentrations beneath a nearby agricultural area (median 16.9 mg L-1; p < .0001). Dissolved Fe concentrations in shallow suburban groundwater, attributed to chelated Fe in turfgrass fertilizers, were significantly higher (p < .005) than concentrations from the agricultural site, although a Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl--NO3- water type was dominant in both areas. A Na+-Cl--NO3- water type indicated a septic-system source for nitrate in deep suburban groundwater (0.06-6.0 mg L-1; median 1.5 mg L-1). Isotopic data indicated denitrification; however, geochemical techniques were more helpful in identifying nitrate sources. Results indicate that suburban expansion into agricultural areas may significantly decrease overall nitrate concentrations in groundwater, but excessive turfgrass fertilization could result in localized contamination. C1 [Kasper, Joshua W.] Dep Nat Resources & Environm Control, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Denver, Judith M.] USGS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [York, Joanna K.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kasper, JW (reprint author), Dep Nat Resources & Environm Control, 89 Kings Highway, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM joshua.kasper@state.de.us FU Delaware Center for the Inland Bays (CIB); DNREC; USGS FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Deborah Bringman and Christopher Lewis of the USGS for field support during groundwater sampling; John Cargill of the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) for Geoprobe operation and field support during groundwater sampling; and Jessica Carpenter of the USGS for graphics preparation. The authors also thank the residents of the suburban study site for providing access to their properties for sample collection. Funding was provided by the Delaware Center for the Inland Bays (CIB), the DNREC, and the USGS. Anonymous reviews of the draft manuscript helped to improve the final version and are greatly appreciated. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 44 IS 2 BP 642 EP 654 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.06.0280 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD6MU UT WOS:000351204000033 PM 26023982 ER PT J AU McLean, M Roseman, EF Pritt, JJ Kennedy, G Manny, BA AF McLean, Mathew Roseman, Edward F. Pritt, Jeremy J. Kennedy, Gregory Manny, Bruce A. TI Artificial reefs and reef restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Artificial reefs; Habitat; Restoration; Monitoring; Spawning ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; NATURAL REEFS; RIVER RESTORATION; SPAWNING HABITAT; DETROIT RIVER; FRESH-WATER; TROUT; FISH; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITIES AB We reviewed the published literature to provide an inventory of Laurentian Great Lakes artificial reef projects and their purposes. We also sought to characterize physical and biological monitoring for artificial reef projects in the Great lakes and determine the success of artificial reefs in meeting project objectives. We found records of 6 artificial reefs in Lake Erie, 8 in Lake Michigan, 3 in Lakes Huron and Ontario, and 2 in Lake Superior. We found 9 reefs in Great Lakes connecting channels and 6 reefs in Great Lakes tributaries. Objectives of artificial reef creation have included reducing impacts of currents and waves, providing safe harbors, improving sport-fishing opportunities, and enhancing/restoring fish spawning habitats. Most reefs in the lakes themselves were incidental (not created purposely for fish habitat) or built to improve local sport fishing, whereas reefs in tributaries and connecting channels were more frequently built to benefit fish spawning. Levels of assessment of reef performance varied; but long-term monitoring was uncommon as was assessment of physical attributes. Artificial reefs were often successful at attracting recreational species and spawning fish; however, population-level benefits of artificial reefs are unclear. Stressors such as sedimentation and bio-fouling can limit the effectiveness of artificial reefs as spawning enhancement tools. Our investigation underscores the need to develop standard protocols for monitoring the biological and physical attributes of artificial structures. Further, long-term monitoring is needed to assess the benefits of artificial reefs to fish populations and inform future artificial reef projects. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [McLean, Mathew; Roseman, Edward F.; Pritt, Jeremy J.; Kennedy, Gregory; Manny, Bruce A.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM mattmclean12@gmail.com; eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiate Project Template 70; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX This report benefited from discussions with J.E. Johnson (MI DNR), A. Liskauskas (OMNR), J.H. Johnson (USGS), L. Vacarro (Michigan Sea Grant), D. Bennion, (USGS), and R. Klindt (NYDEC). P. Thompson assisted with data analysis. This work was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiate Project Template 70 and the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. This is contribution number 1899 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.021 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE2NA UT WOS:000351651100001 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Nevers, MB Whitman, RL Ge, ZF Shively, D Spoljaric, A Przybyla-Kelly, K AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. Ge, Zhongfu Shively, Dawn Spoljaric, Ashley Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna TI Wildlife, urban inputs, and landscape configuration are responsible for degraded swimming water quality at an embayed beach SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Embayed beaches; Fecal indicator bacteria; Great Lakes; Hydrodynamic models; Nonpoint source contamination; Recreational water quality ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; GREAT-LAKES BEACH; RECREATIONAL WATER; NEARSHORE WATER; FRESH-WATER; LARUS-DELAWARENSIS; HUMAN HEALTH; GULL FECES; ENTEROCOCCI AB Jeorse Park Beach, on southern Lake Michigan, experiences frequent closures due to high Escherichia coli (E coli) levels since regular monitoring was implemented in 2005. During the summer of 2010, contaminant source tracking techniques, such as the conventional microbial and physical surveys and hydrodynamic models, were used to determine the reasons for poor water quality at Jeorse Park. Fecal indicator bacteria (E. coli, enterococci) were high throughout the season, with densities ranging from 12-2419 (culturable E. coli) and 1-2550 and <1-5831 (culturable and qPCR enterococci, respectively). Genetic markers for human (Bacteroides HF183) and gull (Catellicoccus marimammalium) fecal contamination were found in 15% and 37% of the samples indicating multiple sources contributing to poor water quality. Nesting colonies of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) have steadily increased since 2005, coinciding with high E. coli levels. A hydrodynamic model indicated that limited circulation allows bacteria entering the embayed area to be retained in nearshore areas; and bacterial resuspension from sand and stranded beach wrack during storm events compounds the problem. The integration of hydrodynamics, expanded use of chemical and biological markers, as well as more complex statistical multivariate techniques can improve microbial source tracking, informing management actions to improve recreational water quality. Alterations to embayed structures to improve circulation and reduce nuisance algae as well as growing native plants to retain sand to improve beach morphometry are among some of the restoration strategies under consideration in ongoing multi-agency collaborations. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.; Ge, Zhongfu; Shively, Dawn; Spoljaric, Ashley; Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM byappan@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X FU Indiana Department of Environmental Management [A305-1-5] FX We thank Cheryl Fossini, Sarah Roys, and Tony Zent for their help with sampling. This research was supported in part by funding from the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Agreement A305-1-5. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1894 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.027 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE2NA UT WOS:000351651100015 ER PT J AU Feiner, ZS Bunnell, DB Hook, TO Madenjian, CP Warner, DM Collingsworth, PD AF Feiner, Zachary S. Bunnell, David B. Hoeoek, Tomas O. Madenjian, Charles P. Warner, David M. Collingsworth, Paris D. TI Non-stationary recruitment dynamics of rainbow smelt: The influence of environmental variables and variation in size structure and length-at-maturation SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Laurentian Great Lakes; Rainbow smelt; Recruitment; Maturation; Nonstationarity; Kalman filter ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; FISH STOCK-RECRUITMENT; OSMERUS-MORDAX; CHINOOK SALMON; MODEL SELECTION; CLASS STRENGTH; REGIME SHIFTS; KALMAN FILTER AB Fish stock-recruitment dynamics may be difficult to elucidate because of nonstationary relationships resulting from shifting environmental conditions and fluctuations in important vital rates such as individual growth or maturation. The Great Lakes have experienced environmental stressors that may have changed population demographics and stock-recruitment relationships while causing the declines of several prey fish species, including rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). We investigated changes in the size and maturation of rainbow smelt in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron and recruitment dynamics of the Lake Michigan stock over the past four decades. Mean lengths and length-at-maturation of rainbow smelt generally declined over time in both lakes. To evaluate recruitment, we used both a Ricker model and a Kalman filter-random walk (KF-RW) model which incorporated nonstationarity in stock productivity by allowing the productivity term to vary over time. The KF-RW model explained nearly four times more variation in recruitment than the Ricker model, indicating the productivity of the Lake Michigan stock has increased. By accounting for this nonstationarity, we were able identify significant variations in stock productivity, evaluate its importance to rainbow smelt recruitment, and speculate on potential environmental causes for the shift. Our results suggest that investigating mechanisms driving nonstationary shifts in stock-recruit relationships can provide valuable insights into temporal variation in fish population dynamics. (c) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Feiner, Zachary S.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Collingsworth, Paris D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Warner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Collingsworth, Paris D.] Purdue Univ, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Collingsworth, Paris D.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Feiner, ZS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM zfeiner@purdue.edu OI Feiner, Zachary/0000-0001-7880-0778; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 121 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 BP 246 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.029 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE2NA UT WOS:000351651100025 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Farquhar, JF Klindt, RM Mazzocchi, I Mathers, A AF Johnson, James H. Farquhar, James F. Klindt, Rodger M. Mazzocchi, Irene Mathers, Alastair TI From yellow perch to round goby: A review of double-crested cormorant diet and fish consumption at Three St. Lawrence River Colonies, 1999-2013 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cormorant; Diet; St. Lawrence River ID LAKE-ONTARIO; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; GREAT-LAKES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; EASTERN BASIN; COTTUS-BAIRDI; PREDATION; PREY; PELLETS AB The number of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the upper St. Lawrence River has increased markedly since the early 1990s. In 1999, a binational study was initiated to examine the annual diet composition and fish consumption of cormorants at colonies in the upper river. Since 1999, 14,032 cormorant pellets, collected from May through September each year, have been examined from St Lawrence River colonies to estimate fish consumption and determine temporal and spatial variation in diet. Seasonal variation in diet composition within a colony was low. Prior to 2006 yellow perch was the primary fish consumed by cormorants in the upper St. Lawrence River. Round goby were first observed in cormorant diets in 2003 and by 2006 were the main fish consumed at two of the three colonies. The time interval it took from the first appearance of round goby in the diet at a colony to when goby were the dominant prey species varied by island, ranging from two to five years. Daily fish consumption at each cormorant colony increased significantly from the pre-round goby to post-round goby period. The mean annual biomass of yellow perch consumed decreased significantly during the post-round goby period at the three colonies. Reduced consumption of yellow perch by cormorants may alleviate suspected localized impacts on perch near some of the larger river colonies. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Johnson, James H.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Farquhar, James F.; Klindt, Rodger M.; Mazzocchi, Irene] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. [Mathers, Alastair] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.12.011 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE2NA UT WOS:000351651100026 ER PT J AU Lantry, B Adams, J Christie, G Schaner, T Bowlby, J Keir, M Lantry, J Sullivan, P Bishop, D Treska, T Morrison, B AF Lantry, Brian Adams, Jean Christie, Gavin Schaner, Teodore Bowlby, James Keir, Michael Lantry, Jana Sullivan, Paul Bishop, Daniel Treska, Ted Morrison, Bruce TI Sea lamprey mark type, marking rate, and parasite-host relationships for lake trout and other species in Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea lamprey; Marking rates; Lake Ontario; Parasite-host relationship; Lake trout ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; RECOMMENDATIONS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE; MODELS AB We examined how attack frequency by sea lampreys on fishes in Lake Ontario varied in response to sea lamprey abundance and preferred host abundance (lake trout >433 mm). For this analysis we used two gill net assessment surveys, one angler creel survey, three salmonid spawning run datasets, one adult sea lamprey assessment, and a bottom trawl assessment of dead lake trout. The frequency of fresh sea lamprey marks observed on lake trout from assessment surveys was strongly related to the frequency of sea lamprey attacks observed on salmon and trout from the creel survey and spawning migrations. Attack frequencies on all salmonids examined were related to the ratio between the abundances of adult sea lampreys and lake trout. Reanalysis of the susceptibility to sea lamprey attack for lake trout strains stocked into Lake Ontario reaffirmed that Lake Superior strain lake trout were among the most and Seneca Lake strain among the least susceptible and that Lewis Lake strain lake trout were even more susceptible than the Superior strain. Seasonal attack frequencies indicated that as the number of observed sea lamprey attacks decreased during June-September, the ratio of healing to fresh marks also decreased. Simulation of the ratios of healing to fresh marks indicated that increased lethality of attacks by growing sea lampreys contributed to the decline in the ratios and supported laboratory studies about wound healing duration. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Lantry, Brian] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Adams, Jean] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Christie, Gavin] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Schaner, Teodore; Bowlby, James] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. [Keir, Michael] Environm Canada, Water Qual Monitoring & Surveillance, Sci & Technol Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Lantry, Jana] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. [Sullivan, Paul; Morrison, Bruce] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Bishop, Daniel] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Treska, Ted] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lantry, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM bflantry@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 33 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 BP 266 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.12.013 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE2NA UT WOS:000351651100027 ER PT J AU McDonald, PS Essington, TE Davis, JP Galloway, AWE Stevick, BC Jensen, GC Vanblaricom, GR Armstrong, DA AF McDonald, P. Sean Essington, Timothy E. Davis, Jonathan P. Galloway, Aaron W. E. Stevick, Bethany C. Jensen, Gregory C. Vanblaricom, Glenn R. Armstrong, David A. TI DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF A LARGE BIVALVE (PANOPEA GENEROSA) IN A EUTROPHIC FJORD ESTUARY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE assessment; Bayesian model; bivalve; cryptic; geoduck; habitat; Hood Canal; hypoxia; Panopea generosa; Puget Sound; scuba; videography ID ARCTICA-ISLANDICA; OCEAN QUAHOG; PUGET-SOUND; HYPOXIA; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; WASHINGTON; DYNAMICS; FISHERY; MODEL AB Marine bivalves are important ecosystem constituents and frequently support valuable fisheries. In many nearshore areas, human disturbance-including declining habitat and water quality-can affect the distribution and abundance of bivalve populations, and complicate ecosystem and fishery management assessments. Infaunal bivalves, in particular, are frequently cryptic and difficult to detect; thus, assessing potential impacts on their populations requires suitable, scalable methods for estimating abundance and distribution. In this study, population size of a common benthic bivalve (the geoduck Panopea generosa) is estimated with a Bayesian habitat-based model fit to scuba and tethered camera data in Hood Canal, a fjord basin in Washington state. Densities declined more than two orders of magnitude along a north-south gradient, concomitant with patterns of deepwater dissolved oxygen, and intensity and duration of seasonal hypoxia. Across the basin, geoducks were most abundant in loose, unconsolidated, sand substrate. The current study demonstrates the utility of using scuba, tethered video, and habitat models to estimate the abundance and distribution of a large infaunal bivalve at a regional (385-km(2)) scale. C1 [McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Program Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McDonald, P. Sean; Essington, Timothy E.; Jensen, Gregory C.; Vanblaricom, Glenn R.; Armstrong, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Davis, Jonathan P.] Baywater Inc, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Galloway, Aaron W. E.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Stevick, Bethany C.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Vanblaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Mission Area,Washington Cooperat Fish and, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McDonald, PS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Program Environm, Box 355679, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM psean@uw.edu FU Washington Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank N. Grose, F. Stevick, S. Sublett, and others who assisted with scuba and collected field data in Hood Canal. Helpful comments from J. Toft and assistance from K. Holsman greatly improved an earlier draft of the manuscript. This research was funded in part by the Washington Department of Natural Resources. Additional financial support for the project was provided to G.R.V. by the U.S. Geological Survey. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies, excepting the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.2983/035.034.0117 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE3QM UT WOS:000351743300016 ER PT J AU Vanblaricom, GR Eccles, JL Olden, JD McDonald, PS AF Vanblaricom, Glenn R. Eccles, Jennifer L. Olden, Julian D. McDonald, P. Sean TI ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE HARVEST PHASE OF GEODUCK (PANOPEA GENEROSA GOULD, 1850) AQUACULTURE ON INFAUNAL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHERN PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; benthic; disturbance; extralimital; geoduck; infauna; intertidal; Panopea generosa; Puget Sound; spillover ID SUSPENSION-FEEDING BIVALVE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; ADRIATIC SEA; WATER COLUMN; RIVER PLUME AB Intertidal aquaculture for geoducks (Panopea generosa Gould, 1850) is expanding in southern Puget Sound, Washington, where gently sloping sandy beaches are used for field culture. Geoduck aquaculture contributes significantly to the regional economy, but has become controversial because of a range of unresolved questions involving potential biological impacts on marine ecosystems. From 2008 through 2012, the authors used a '' before-after-control-impact'' experimental design, emphasizing spatial scales comparable with those used by geoduck culturists to evaluate the effects of harvesting market-ready geoducks on associated benthic infaunal communities. Infauna were sampled at three different study locations in southern Puget Sound at monthly intervals before, during, and after harvests of clams, and along extralimital transects extending away from the edges of cultured plots to assess the effects of harvest activities in adjacent uncultured habitat. Using multivariate statistical approaches, strong seasonal and spatial signals in patterns of abundance were found, but there was scant evidence of effects on the community structure associated with geoduck harvest disturbances within cultured plots. Likewise, no indications of significant '' spillover'' effects of harvest on uncultured habitat adjacent to cultured plots were noted. Complementary univariate approaches revealed little evidence of harvest effects on infaunal biodiversity and indications of modest effects on populations of individual infaunal taxa. Of 10 common taxa analyzed, only three showed evidence of reduced densities, although minor, after harvests whereas the remaining seven taxa indicated either neutral responses to harvest disturbances or increased abundance either during or in the months after harvest events. It is suggested that a relatively active natural disturbance regime, including both small-scale and large-scale events that occur with comparable intensity but more frequently than geoduck harvest events in cultured plots, has facilitated assemblage-level infaunal resistance and resilience to harvest disturbances. C1 [Vanblaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey,Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlif, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vanblaricom, Glenn R.; Eccles, Jennifer L.; Olden, Julian D.; McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Program Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Vanblaricom, GR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey,Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlif, Mailstop 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM glennvb@uw.edu OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 FU Washington state legislature; National Aquaculture Research Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Washington State Departments of Ecology and Natural Resources; Royalty Research Fund of the University of Washington; Shellfish Management Department of the Point No Point Treaty Council; Ecosystems Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this work was provided by the Washington state legislature, the National Aquaculture Research Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Washington State Departments of Ecology and Natural Resources, the Royalty Research Fund of the University of Washington, the Shellfish Management Department of the Point No Point Treaty Council, and the Ecosystems Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey. Access to study sites was facilitated by Taylor Shellfish, Inc.; Chelsea Farms, LLC; and D. Adams, M. Adams, T. Bloomfield, S. Bloomfield, B. Foss, L. Foss, J. Lentz, and B. Phipps. J. Cordell, M. Dethier, and J. Toft provided guidance and expertise on laboratory procedures and infaunal taxonomy crucial to completion of the current study. K. Armintrout, K. Connelly, B. Cummings, J. Eggers, A. Fuller, A. Galloway, M. Langness, K. McPeek, P. F. Stevick, and many volunteers provided vital laboratory and field support for the project. The staff of the Washington Sea Grant Program, particularly P. Dalton and R. Waters, provided generous and valuable administrative support. C. Schwartz provided expert and patient guidance and artistic skill in improving article graphics. Constructively critical comments were provided on draft versions of the manuscript by D. Cheney, S. Shumway, and two anonymous reviewers. J. Davis and B. Vadopalas provided additional editorial guidance and assistance. The authors offer sincere thanks to all. Any use of trade product or firm name herein is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 113 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 16 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 171 EP 187 DI 10.2983/035.034.0121 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE3QM UT WOS:000351743300020 ER PT J AU Mcdonald, PS Galloway, AWE Mcpeek, KC Vanblaricom, GR AF Mcdonald, P. Sean Galloway, Aaron W. E. Mcpeek, Kathleen C. Vanblaricom, Glenn R. TI EFFECTS OF GEODUCK (PANOPEA GENEROSA GOULD, 1850) AQUACULTURE GEAR ON RESIDENT AND TRANSIENT MACROFAUNA COMMUNITIES OF PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquaculture effects; benthic community; geoduck; habitat provision; macrofauna; press disturbance; structural complexity; geoduck; Panopea generosa ID HABITAT COMPLEXITY; OYSTER REEFS; SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; NEARSHORE FISH; DISTURBANCE; ESTUARY; DIVERSITY; JUVENILE; PREY AB In Washington state, commercial culture of geoducks (Panopea generosa) involves large-scale out-planting of juveniles to intertidal habitats, and installation of PVC tubes and netting to exclude predators and increase early survival. Structures associated with this nascent aquaculture method are examined to determine whether they affect patterns of use by resident and transient macrofauna. Results are summarized from regular surveys of aquaculture operations and reference beaches in 2009 to 2011 at three sites during three phases of culture: (1) pregear (-geoducks, -structure), (2) gear present (+geoducks, +structures), and (3) postgear (+geoducks, -structures). Resident macroinvertebrates (infauna and epifauna) were sampled monthly (in most cases) using coring methods at low tide during all three phases. Differences in community composition between culture plots and reference areas were examined with permutational analysis of variance and homogeneity of multivariate dispersion tests. Scuba and shoreline transect surveys were used to examine habitat use by transient fish and macroinvertebrates. Analysis of similarity and complementary nonmetric multidimensional scaling were used to compare differences between species functional groups and habitat type during different aquaculture phases. Results suggest that resident and transient macrofauna respond differently to structures associated with geoduck aquaculture. No consistent differences in the community of resident macrofauna were observed at culture plots or reference areas at the three sites during any year. Conversely, total abundance of transient fish and macroinvertebrates were more than two times greater at culture plots than reference areas when aquaculture structures were in place. Community composition differed (analysis of similarity) between culture and reference plots during the gear-present phase, but did not persist to the next farming stage (postgear). Habitat complexity associated with shellfish aquaculture may attract some structure-associated transient species observed infrequently on reference beaches, and may displace other species that typically occur in areas lacking epibenthic structure. This study provides a first look at the effects of multiple phases of geoduck farming on macrofauna, and has important implications for the management of a rapidly expanding sector of the aquaculture industry. C1 [Mcdonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Program Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mcdonald, P. Sean; Mcpeek, Kathleen C.; Vanblaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Galloway, Aaron W. E.] Washington State Univ, Sch Enviroment, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Vanblaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci,Ecosyst Miss Area, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mcdonald, PS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Program Environm, Box 355679, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM psean@u.washington.edu FU Washington state legislature, Washington Department of Ecology, Washington Department of Natural Resources; Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission through the Shellfish Management Department of the Point No Point Treaty Council; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX The authors thank J. Eggers, N. Grose, M. Langness, F. Stevick, D. Todd, J. Toft, and others who assisted with scuba and collected field data in South Puget Sound. J. Olden consulted on aspects of the analyses. Helpful comments and assistance from K. Holsman and T. Essington greatly improved the manuscript. Valuable administrative assistance was provided by the Washington Sea Grant Program. This research was funded in part by the Washington state legislature, Washington Department of Ecology, Washington Department of Natural Resources, and Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission through the Shellfish Management Department of the Point No Point Treaty Council. Additional support to A.W.E.G. was provided by a Castagna Student Grant for Applied Research (2009; National Shellfisheries Association), and to G.R.V. by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies, excepting USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or product name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.2983/035.034.0122 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE3QM UT WOS:000351743300021 ER PT J AU Stone, ML Juracek, KE Graham, JL Foster, GM AF Stone, M. L. Juracek, K. E. Graham, J. L. Foster, G. M. TI Quantifying suspended sediment loads delivered to Cheney Reservoir, Kansas: Temporal patterns and management implications SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Cheney Reservoir; continuous data; Kansas; regression; reservoir management; sediment load ID TRENDS; REGRESSION; RATES AB Cheney Reservoir, constructed during 1962 to 1965, is the primary water supply for the city of Wichita, the largest city in Kansas. Sediment is an important concern for the reservoir as it degrades water quality and progressively decreases water storage capacity. Long-term data collection provided a unique opportunity to estimate the annual suspended sediment loads for the entire history of the reservoir. To quantify and characterize sediment loading to Cheney Reservoir, discrete suspended sediment samples and continuously measured streamflow data were collected from the North Fork Ninnescah River, the primary inflow to Cheney Reservoir, over a 48-year period. Continuous turbidity data also were collected over a 15-year period. These data were used together to develop simple linear regression models to compute continuous suspended sediment concentrations and loads from 1966 to 2013. The inclusion of turbidity as an additional explanatory variable with streamflow improved regression model diagnostics and increased the amount of variability in suspended sediment concentration explained by 14%. Using suspended sediment concentration from the streamflow-only model, the average annual suspended sediment load was 102,517 t (113,006 tn) and ranged from 4,826 t (5,320 tn) in 1966 to 967,569 t (1,066,562 tn) in 1979. The sediment load in 1979 accounted for about 20% of the total load over the 48-year history of the reservoir and 92% of the 1979 sediment load occurred in one 24-hour period during a 1% annual exceedance probability flow event (104-year flood). Nearly 60% of the reservoir sediment load during the 48-year study period occurred in 5 years with extreme flow events (9% to 1% annual exceedance probability, or 11- to 104-year flood events). A substantial portion (41%) of sediment was transported to the reservoir during five storm events spanning only eight 24-hour periods during 1966 to 2013. Annual suspended sediment load estimates based on streamflow were, on average, within +/- 20% of estimates based on streamflow and turbidity combined. Results demonstrate that large suspended sediment loads are delivered to Cheney Reservoir in very short time periods, indicating that sediment management plans eventually must address large, infrequent inflow events to be effective. C1 [Stone, M. L.; Juracek, K. E.; Graham, J. L.; Foster, G. M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66409 USA. RP Stone, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66409 USA. FU US Geological Survey cooperative water program; city of Wichita FX This study was made possible in part by support from the city of Wichita and the US Geological Survey cooperative water program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 70 IS 2 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.2489/jswc.70.2.91 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA CD2DO UT WOS:000350884500006 ER PT J AU Brand, A Lacy, JR Gladding, S Holleman, R Stacey, M AF Brand, Andreas Lacy, Jessica R. Gladding, Steve Holleman, Rusty Stacey, Mark TI Model-based interpretation of sediment concentration and vertical flux measurements in a shallow estuarine environment SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; SETTLING VELOCITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; COHESIVE SEDIMENT; IN-SITU; FINE SEDIMENTS; TIME SCALES; RESUSPENSION; CALIFORNIA AB A one-dimensional numerical model describing tidally varying vertical mixing and settling was used to interpret sediment concentrations and vertical fluxes observed in the shoals of South San Francisco Bay by two acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) at elevations of 0.36 m and 0.72 m above bed. Measured sediment concentrations changed by up to 100 g m(-3) over the semidiurnal tidal cycle. These dynamics were dominated by local resuspension and settling. Multiple particle class models suggested the existence of a class with fast settling velocities (w(s) of 9.0 x 10(-4) m s(-1) in spring and 5.8 x 10(-4) m s(-1) in fall) and a slowly settling particle fraction (w(s) of <1 x 10(-7) m s(-1) in spring and 1.4 x 10(-5) m s(-1) in fall). Modeled concentrations of slowly settling particles at 0.36 m were as high as 20 g m(-3) during fall and varied with the spring-neap cycle while fine sediment concentrations in spring were constant around 5 g m(-3). Analysis of in situ water column floc size distributions suggested that floc properties in the lower part of the water column were most likely governed by particle-size distribution on the bed and not by coagulation, validating our multiple particle size approach. A comparison of different sediment bed models with respect to model performance, sensitivity, and identifiability suggested that the use of a sediment erosion model linear in bottom shear stress tau(b) (E = M (tau(b) - tau(c))) was the most appropriate choice to describe the field observations when the critical shear stress tau(c) and the proportionality factor M were kept constant. C1 [Brand, Andreas; Gladding, Steve; Holleman, Rusty; Stacey, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brand, Andreas] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag, Dept Surface Waters Res & Management, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. [Brand, Andreas] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Lacy, Jessica R.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Brand, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM andreas.brand@eawag.ch OI Brand, Andreas/0000-0002-3046-037X FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PBEZ2-121244]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [BR3785/1-1]; NSF [OCE-0751970] FX This study was financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant Nr. PBEZ2-121244) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant Nr. BR3785/1-1).The field work and part of the associated analysis was funded by NSF (OCE-0751970). We thank Audric Collignon, Dan Hoover, Lissa MacVean, Joanne Ferreira, Tim Elfers and Jim Christmann for support in the field. We thank David Schoellhamer, Lissa McVean and one anonymous reviewer and Carl Friedrichs for their helpful comments. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 60 IS 2 BP 463 EP 481 DI 10.1002/lno.10047 PG 19 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CD5KM UT WOS:000351126500010 ER PT J AU Hall, RO Yackulic, CB Kennedy, TA Yard, MD Rosi-Marshall, EJ Voichick, N Behn, KE AF Hall, Robert O., Jr. Yackulic, Charles B. Kennedy, Theodore A. Yard, Michael D. Rosi-Marshall, Emma J. Voichick, Nicholas Behn, Kathrine E. TI Turbidity, light, temperature, and hydropeaking control primary productivity in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-STREAM METABOLISM; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; FOOD WEBS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; GAS-EXCHANGE; ARIZONA; WATER; CARBON; DAM; MISSISSIPPI AB Dams and river regulation greatly alter the downstream environment for gross primary production (GPP) because of changes in water clarity, flow, and temperature regimes. We estimated reach-scale GPP in five locations of the regulated Colorado River in Grand Canyon using an open channel model of dissolved oxygen. Benthic GPP dominates in Grand Canyon due to fast transport times and low pelagic algal biomass. In one location, we used a 738 days time series of GPP to identify the relative contribution of different physical controls of GPP. We developed both linear and semimechanistic time series models that account for unmeasured temporal covariance due to factors such as algal biomass dynamics. GPP varied from 0 g O-2 m(-2) d(-1) to 3.0 g O-2 m(-2) d(-1) with a relatively low annual average of 0.8 g O-2 m(-2) d(-1). Semimechanistic models fit the data better than linear models and demonstrated that variation in turbidity primarily controlled GPP. Lower solar insolation during winter and from cloud cover lowered GPP much further. Hydropeaking lowered GPP but only during turbid conditions. Using the best model and parameter values, the model accurately predicted seasonal estimates of GPP at 3 of 4 upriver sites and outperformed the linear model at all sites; discrepancies were likely from higher algal biomass at upstream sites. This modeling approach can predict how changes in physical controls will affect relative rates of GPP throughout the 385 km segment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon and can be easily applied to other streams and rivers. C1 [Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.; Kennedy, Theodore A.; Yard, Michael D.; Voichick, Nicholas; Behn, Kathrine E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Behn, Kathrine E.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Hall, RO (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM bhall@uwyo.edu FU US Geological Survey and Bureau of Reclamation [05WRAG0055] FX We thank Adam Copp for helping to calibrate and maintain sondes, and for muscling 40 kg anchors into swift currents. Carol Fritzinger and Humphrey's Summit Support provided field logistical support. We thank Tom Gushue for developing the map. Ted Stets and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on a draft manuscript. Cooperative Agreement 05WRAG0055 through the US Geological Survey and Bureau of Reclamation funded this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 60 IS 2 BP 512 EP 526 DI 10.1002/lno.10031 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CD5KM UT WOS:000351126500013 ER PT J AU Field, EH AF Field, Edward H. TI "All Models Are Wrong, but Some Are Useful" SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EARTHQUAKE PREDICTABILITY; CALIFORNIA C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM field@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 291 EP 293 DI 10.1785/02201401213 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD8EK UT WOS:000351327800002 ER PT J AU Jones, LM AF Jones, Lucile M. TI Resilience by Design: Bringing Science to Policy Makers SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HURRICANE-KATRINA; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Jones, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM jones@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1785/0220150010 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD8EK UT WOS:000351327800003 ER PT J AU Kalkan, E AF Kalkan, Erol TI Preface to the Focus Section on the 24 August 2014 Magnitude 6.0 South Napa Earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ekalkan@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 307 EP 308 DI 10.1785/0220150023 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD8EK UT WOS:000351327800005 ER PT J AU Brocher, TM Baltay, AS Hardebeck, JL Pollitz, FF Murray, JR Llenos, AL Schwartz, DP Blair, JL Ponti, DJ Lienkaemper, JJ Langenheim, VE Dawson, TE Knudsen, KL Shelly, DR Dreger, DS Boatwright, J Aagaard, BT Wald, DJ Allen, RM Barnhart, WD Knudsen, KL Brooks, BA Scharer, KM AF Brocher, Thomas M. Baltay, Annemarie S. Hardebeck, Jeanne L. Pollitz, Fred F. Murray, Jessica R. Llenos, Andrea L. Schwartz, David P. Blair, James Luke Ponti, Daniel J. Lienkaemper, James J. Langenheim, Victoria E. Dawson, Timothy E. Hudnut, Kenneth W. Shelly, David R. Dreger, Douglas S. Boatwright, John Aagaard, Brad T. Wald, David J. Allen, Richard M. Barnhart, William D. Knudsen, Keith L. Brooks, Benjamin A. Scharer, Katherine M. TI The M-W 6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa Earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; GROUND MOTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; 2004 PARKFIELD; SURFACE SLIP; CALIFORNIA; FAULT; MODEL; AREA; PGV C1 [Brocher, Thomas M.; Baltay, Annemarie S.; Hardebeck, Jeanne L.; Pollitz, Fred F.; Murray, Jessica R.; Llenos, Andrea L.; Schwartz, David P.; Blair, James Luke; Ponti, Daniel J.; Lienkaemper, James J.; Langenheim, Victoria E.; Shelly, David R.; Boatwright, John; Aagaard, Brad T.; Knudsen, Keith L.; Brooks, Benjamin A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dawson, Timothy E.] Calif Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.; Scharer, Katherine M.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Dreger, Douglas S.; Allen, Richard M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Barnhart, William D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Brocher, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM brocher@usgs.gov RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Barnhart, William/L-9446-2015; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Llenos, Andrea/0000-0002-4088-6737; Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X; Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU Earthquake Hazards Program of the US. Geological Survey (USGS); California Geological Survey (CGS); Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA); National Science Foundation [EAR-0350028, EAR-0732947] FX We would like to acknowledge financial support from the Earthquake Hazards Program of the US. Geological Survey (USGS), the California Geological Survey (CGS), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Anne Rosinski, CGS, coordinated the CGS Earthquake Clearinghouse at Napa. Mike Oskin at University of California-Davis and his students conducted the initial mapping used to help define the surface rupture. We acknowledge with gratitude the contributions of the many individuals who assisted following the earthquake. For permanent network operations: Dave Croker, Lynn Dietz, Walt Jungblut, Fred Klein, Will Kohler, John Krueger, John Lee, Jim Luetgert, Harold Macbeth, Jonah Merritt, David H. Oppenheimer, Salvador Robles, Jim Smith, Nick Stein, Chris Stephens, Robert Summers, Roy Tam, and Jack Tomey. For assistance in field mapping: Mike Bennett, Steve B. Delong, Suzanne Hecker, Thomas L. Holzer, Alexandra Pickering, John Tinsley, Nikita Avdievitch, Carol Prentice, Carla Rosa, and Robert Sickler. For geodetic monitoring: Chris Guillemot, John Langbein, Eleyne Phillips, Jim Sutton, Jerry Svarc, and Chuck Wicks. For the aftershock deployment: Rufus Catchings, Coyn Criley, Shane Detweiler, Russell Sell, Jemille Erdem, Lind Gee, John Hamilton, Alena Leeds, Steve Ploetz, Steve Roberts, Joe Svitek, and Dave Wilson. Bill Ellsworth, Robert Graves, Tom Parsons, Ross Stein, and an anonymous journal reviewer reviewed earlier drafts of this paper.; This project in part was carried out using COSMO-SkyMed products, Agencia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), delivered under the ASI license provided under the Caltech/JPL-ASI/CIDOT CaliMap project. The continuous Global Positioning System data used in this study were recorded by instruments of the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO; http://pbo.unavco.org/; last accessed February 2015) and the Bay Area Regional Deformation network (http://seismo.berkeley.edu/bard/; last accessed February 2015). The PBO is operated by UNAVCO for EarthScope (www.earthscope.org; last accessed February 2015) and supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant Numbers EAR-0350028 and EAR-0732947). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US. Government. NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 309 EP 326 DI 10.1785/0220150004 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD8EK UT WOS:000351327800006 ER PT J AU Barnhart, WD Murray, JR Yun, SH Svarc, JL Samsonov, SV Fielding, EJ Brooks, BA Milillo, P AF Barnhart, W. D. Murray, J. R. Yun, S. -H. Svarc, J. L. Samsonov, S. V. Fielding, E. J. Brooks, B. A. Milillo, P. TI Geodetic Constraints on the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa Earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY AREA; FAULT SLIP RATES; STRESS TRANSFER; INSAR DATA; DEFORMATION; MODELS; SPACE C1 [Barnhart, W. D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Murray, J. R.; Svarc, J. L.; Brooks, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yun, S. -H.; Fielding, E. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Samsonov, S. V.] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. [Milillo, P.] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barnhart, W. D.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Milillo, P.] Univ Basilicata, Sch Engn, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Barnhart, WD (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 121 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM william-barnhart-1@uiowa.edu RI Barnhart, William/L-9446-2015; OI Samsonov, Sergey/0000-0002-6798-4847; Milillo, Pietro/0000-0002-1171-3976 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0350028, EAR-0732947]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Surface and Interior focus area; Applied Sciences Program; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Postdoctoral fellowship at the USGS Geological Hazards Center; USGS Earthquake Science Center FX The authors thank Gavin Hayes and three anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews that improved the quality of this manuscript. This project, in part, was carried out using CSK products ((c) Italian Space Agency [ASI]), delivered under the ASI license provided under the Caltech/JPL-ASI/CIDOT CaliMap project. Original RADARSAT-2 data is copyrighted by MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (MDA; (c) 2014). Continuous Global Positioning System data used in this study were recorded by instruments of the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO, http://pbo.unavco.org/; last accessed December 2014) and the Bay Area Regional Deformation (BARD) network (http://seismo.berkeley.edu/bard/; last accessed December 2014). The PBO is operated by UNAVCO for EarthScope (www.earthscope.org; last accessed December 2014) and supported by the National Science Foundation (Numbers EAR-0350028 and EAR-0732947). Part of this research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Surface and Interior focus area and Applied Sciences Program and performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. W. D. B. was supported by a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Postdoctoral fellowship at the USGS Geological Hazards Center. J. R. M., J. L. S., and B. A. B. were supported by the USGS Earthquake Science Center. This is Natural Resources Canada Earth Science Sector Contribution Number 20140320. Several figures were generated using the Generic Mapping Tool (Wessel and Smith, 1998). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 335 EP 343 DI 10.1785/0220140210 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD8EK UT WOS:000351327800008 ER PT J AU Wei, SJ Barbot, S Graves, R Lienkaemper, JJ Wang, T Hudnut, K Fu, YN Helmberger, D AF Wei, Shengji Barbot, Sylvain Graves, Robert Lienkaemper, James J. Wang, Teng Hudnut, Kenneth Fu, Yuning Helmberger, Don TI The 2014 M-W 6.1 South Napa Earthquake: A Unilateral Rupture with Shallow Asperity and Rapid Afterslip SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; HAYWARD FAULT; HECTOR MINE; CHI-CHI; CALIFORNIA; SIMULATION; SURFACE; TAIWAN; MODELS; CREEP C1 [Wei, Shengji; Barbot, Sylvain] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Graves, Robert; Hudnut, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Lienkaemper, James J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fu, Yuning] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wei, Shengji; Helmberger, Don] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wei, SJ (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, 50 Nanyang Ave Block N2-01a-15, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM shjwei@gmail.com RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Wei, Shengji/M-2137-2015; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Wei, Shengji/0000-0002-0319-0714; Wang, Teng/0000-0003-3729-0139 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Strong-motion waveform data was downloaded from the Northern California Data Center, California Geological Survey, and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (strongmotioncenter.org; last accessed September 2014). Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data were obtained from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), static GPS data were made available by Tom Herring from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Constructive reviews by Annemarie Baltay, Art Frankel, and an anonymous reviewer led to improvements in the manuscript. Figures were made using Generic Mapping Tool (Wessel and Smith, 1991). Part of this research was carried out at JPL (California Institute of Technology), sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 344 EP 354 DI 10.1785/0220140249 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD8EK UT WOS:000351327800009 ER PT J AU Baltay, AS Boatwright, J AF Baltay, Annemarie S. Boatwright, John TI Ground-Motion Observations of the 2014 South Napa Earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESPONSE SPECTRA; ATTENUATION; MODEL; PGV C1 [Baltay, Annemarie S.; Boatwright, John] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Baltay, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM abaltay@usgs.gov; boat@usgs.gov FU PGE FX The authors thank Brian Chiou, Emel Seyhan, and Ronnie Kamai for providing codes to plot the ground-motion prediction equations, and Brian Chiou also for providing the specific directivity parameter (direct-point parameter) for Chiou and Youngs (2014). We appreciate Luke Blair's help plotting the Quaternary faults and Andy Barbour's help with R scripts. The authors also thank David Schwartz for informative conversation about the fault structure in the Bay area and David Boore, Tom Hanks, Paul Spudich, and an anonymous reviewer for thorough reviews, which improved the manuscript. PG&E partially supported A. S. B. financially. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1785/0220140232 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD8EK UT WOS:000351327800010 ER PT J AU Boatwright, J Blair, JL Aagaard, BT Wallis, K AF Boatwright, John Blair, James Luke Aagaard, Brad T. Wallis, Katy TI The Distribution of Red and Yellow Tags in the City of Napa SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA C1 [Boatwright, John; Blair, James Luke; Aagaard, Brad T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wallis, Katy] City Napa, Napa, CA 94559 USA. RP Boatwright, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boat@usgs.gov OI Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1785/0220140234 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD8EK UT WOS:000351327800011 ER PT J AU Martin, SS Hough, SE AF Martin, Stacey S. Hough, Susan E. TI The 21 May 2014 M-W 5.9 Bay of Bengal Earthquake: Macroseismic Data Suggest a High-Stress-Drop Event SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATED SEISMIC ENERGY; GROUND MOTION; INTENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE PARAMETERS; APPARENT STRESS; MAGNITUDE; FAULT; FELT; CALIFORNIA C1 [Martin, Stacey S.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Martin, SS (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, 50 Nanyang Ave,N2-01a-14, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM 7point1@gmail.com; hough@usgs.gov RI Martin, Stacey/J-6819-2013 OI Martin, Stacey/0000-0003-4429-5835 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1785/0220140155 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD8EK UT WOS:000351327800012 ER PT J AU Frau, F Medas, D Da Pelo, S Wanty, RB Cidu, R AF Frau, Franco Medas, Daniela Da Pelo, Stefania Wanty, Richard B. Cidu, Rosa TI Environmental Effects on the Aquatic System and Metal Discharge to the Mediterranean Sea from a Near-Neutral Zinc-Ferrous Sulfate Mine Drainage SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Groundwater rebound; Flooded mine; Mine drainage outflow; Green rust precipitation; Metal load to the Mediterranean Sea ID GREEN RUST; WATER CHEMISTRY; COAL-MINE; HYDROXYSULPHATE; GROUNDWATER; OXIDATION; TAILINGS; SCOTLAND; POLAND; SITE AB After mine closure in the 1980s and subsequent shutdown of the dewatering system, groundwater rebound led to drainage outflow from the Casargiu gallery (Montevecchio mine, SW Sardinia, Italy) beginning in 1997. Mine drainage had pH 6.0 and dissolved concentrations of sulfate (5000 mg/L) and metals (e.g., 1000 mg/L Zn, 230 mg/L Fe, 150 mg/L Mn) much higher than those previously measured in groundwater under dewatering conditions. As compared with the first stages of rebound at Casargiu, a very high contamination level still persists after more than 15 years of flushing. Mine drainage (20-70 L/s; pH 6.0 +/- 0.2; Zn-Mg-Ca-SO4 composition) flowed into the Rio Irvi. Abundant precipitation of amorphous Fe(III)-(oxy) hydroxides occurred. Moreover, sulfate-bearing green rust was observed to flocculate in the reach of the Rio Irvi where pH was still circumneutral. Water sampling along this stream for about 6 km almost to its mouth in the Mediterranean Sea showed a pH decrease from 6.0 to 4.0 and a significant removal of Fe (46 %) and As (96 %), while sulfate, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cd showed small variations downstream. Lead was initially adsorbed onto Fe(III)-(oxy) hydroxides, then desorbed as pH dropped below 5. The estimated amount of dissolved metals discharged into the Mediterranean Sea is significant (e.g., 900 kg/day Zn, 1.4 kg/day Cd, 5 kg/day Ni). In particular, a conservative estimation of the amount of Zn discharged to the sea is about 330 ton/year, which would correspond to 1.4 % of the global annual flux of dissolved Zn from uncontaminated rivers to the oceans. C1 [Frau, Franco; Medas, Daniela; Da Pelo, Stefania; Cidu, Rosa] Univ Cagliari, Dept Chem & Geol Sci, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. [Wanty, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Frau, F (reprint author), Univ Cagliari, Dept Chem & Geol Sci, Via Trentino 51, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. EM frauf@unica.it RI Frau, Franco/A-5685-2012; Da Pelo, Stefania/H-6188-2014; Da Pelo, Stefania /J-2142-2012 OI Da Pelo, Stefania/0000-0002-4069-4006; Da Pelo, Stefania /0000-0002-4069-4006 FU RAS (Sardinian Regional Government); Fondazione Banco di Sardegna; University of Cagliari; MIUR (Italian Minister of University and Research) (PRIN); Mineral Resources Program of the US Geological Survey FX This study was financially supported by RAS (Sardinian Regional Government), Fondazione Banco di Sardegna, University of Cagliari (ex-60 % funds to F. Frau and R. Cidu), and MIUR (Italian Minister of University and Research) (PRIN-2009 funds to R. Cidu; PRIN-2010 funds to P. Lattanzi). The Mineral Resources Program of the US Geological Survey provided funds for R.B. Wanty. The authors wish to thank G. Contis for IC analyses. The use of brand names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government or Italian academic institutions. Data used to produce the results of this paper is archived at the Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 226 IS 3 AR 55 DI 10.1007/s11270-015-2339-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CD5BO UT WOS:000351102400044 ER PT J AU Stanley, TR Aldridge, CL Saher, DJ Childers, TM AF Stanley, Thomas R. Aldridge, Cameron L. Saher, D. Joanne Childers, Theresa M. TI DAILY NEST SURVIVAL RATES OF GUNNISON SAGE-GROUSE (CENTROCERCUS MINIMUS): ASSESSING LOCAL- AND LANDSCAPE-SCALE DRIVERS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus minimus; Gunnison Sage-Grouse; habitat; landscape-scale models; local-scale models; nest success; nest survival. AB The Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is a species of conservation concern and is a candidate for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act because of substantial declines in populations from historic levels. It is thought that loss, fragmentation, and deterioration of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitat have contributed to the decline and isolation of this species into seven geographically distinct subpopulations. Nest survival is known to be a primary driver of demography of Greater Sage-Grouse (C. urophasianus), but no unbiased estimates of daily nest survival rates (hereafter nest survival) exist for Gunnison Sage-Grouse or published studies identifying factors that influence nest survival. We estimated nest survival of Gunnison Sage-Grouse for the western portion of Colorado's Gunnison Basin subpopulation, and assessed the effects and relative importance of local-and landscape-scale habitat characteristics on nest survival. Our top performing model was one that allowed variation in nest survival among areas, suggesting a larger landscape-area effect. Overall nest success during a 38-day nesting period (egg-laying plus incubation) was 50% (daily survival rate; SE 5 0.982 [0.003]), which is higher than previous estimates for Gunnison Sage-Grouse and generally higher than published for the closely related Greater Sage-Grouse. We did not find strong evidence that local-scale habitat variables were better predictors of nest survival than landscape-scale predictors, nor did we find strong evidence that any of the habitat variables we measured were good predictors of nest survival. Nest success of Gunnison Sage-Grouse in the western portion of the Gunnison Basin was higher than previously believed. C1 [Stanley, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.; Saher, D. Joanne] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.; Saher, D. Joanne] Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Childers, Theresa M.] Natl Pk Serv, Black Canyon Gunnison Natl Pk, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. [Childers, Theresa M.] Natl Pk Serv, Curecanti Natl Recreat Area, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. RP Stanley, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM stanleyt@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center; Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park; Curecanti National Recreation Area; U.S. Geological Survey Natural Resources Preservation Program; National Park Service Challenge Cost Share Program; Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Science Unit; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Earth Friends Conservation Fund; Western National Parks Association; Gunnison Sage-Grouse Strategic Committee FX We thank L. E. Brummer, B. S. Cooper, B. A. Detamore, S. M. Gregory, K. M. Kasik, P. A. Magee, T. C. Root, C. L. Santana, J. P. Severson, M. R. Sewolt, M. Szczypinski, J. M. Timmer, and G. T. Wann for their hard work and dedication to field data collection with a special thanks to J. Frey and B. Palmer for their many years of dedication. We thank C. E. Braun and T. A. Messmer for their thorough review of and helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center, Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park and Curecanti National Recreation Area, the U.S. Geological Survey Natural Resources Preservation Program, National Park Service Challenge Cost Share Program, the Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Science Unit, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Earth Friends Conservation Fund, and the Western National Parks Association. We also thank the Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, and specifically M. Phillips. Finally, we thank members of the Gunnison Sage-Grouse Strategic Committee for their support of our research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 127 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CD9ZM UT WOS:000351460800007 ER PT J AU Katzner, T Miller, TA Rodrigue, J Shaffer, S AF Katzner, Todd Miller, Tricia A. Rodrigue, Jane Shaffer, Steven TI A Most Dangerous Game: Death and Injury to Birds from Porcupine Quills SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; birds; Golden Eagle; porcupine; predation ID FOOD-HABITS; ERETHIZON-DORSATUM; PREY SELECTION; GOLDEN EAGLES; NATIONAL-PARK; PREDATION; PRAIRIE; NESTS AB Predation is dangerous, not only for the prey but sometimes also for the predator. Because these dangers to predators are not well understood, we document evidence of predation or scavenging by a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) on a North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) in Pennsylvania, USA, with potentially lethal consequences to the eagle. We also review published literature on incidence of porcupine quills causing injury or death to birds. At least nine species have been documented as having contact with porcupine quills. A minimum of 39% of these interactions resulted in death to the bird, demonstrating the risk birds face when interacting with porcupines. Predation of porcupines should be selected against and irregular, yet it apparently persists and is likely more common than currently recognized. C1 [Katzner, Todd; Miller, Tricia A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd; Rodrigue, Jane] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Shaffer, Steven] Penn Dept Conservat & Nat Resources, Tuscarora State Forest, Blain, PA 17006 USA. RP Katzner, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM tkatzner@usgs.gov OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through a State Wildlife from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; North Carolina Wildlife Commission; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources FX The authors' institutions provided logistical and some financial support for this project. This publication was completed in part with funds provided by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through a State Wildlife Grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Trail camera work was supported by a number of other agencies including West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, North Carolina Wildlife Commission, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and many others. Two anonymous reviewers and Wilson Journal of Ornithology's editor Mary Bomberger Brown provided insightful reviews that strengthened the manuscript. This is Scientific Article No. 3227 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 127 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CD9ZM UT WOS:000351460800012 ER PT J AU Blake, S Guezou, A Deem, SL Yackulic, CB Cabrera, F AF Blake, Stephen Guezou, Anne Deem, Sharon L. Yackulic, Charles B. Cabrera, Fredy TI The Dominance of Introduced Plant Species in the Diets of Migratory Galapagos Tortoises Increases with Elevation on a Human-Occupied Island SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Chelonoidis; feeding ecology; frugivory; herbivory; megaherbivore; migration; oceanic islands; restoration ID GIANT TORTOISES; BODY-SIZE; SEED DISPERSAL; UNGULATE HERBIVORES; ALDABRA ATOLL; BOX TURTLE; VEGETATION; CONSERVATION; CONSEQUENCES; BIOCHEMISTRY AB The distribution of resources and food selection are fundamental to the ecology, life history, physiology, population dynamics, and conservation of animals. Introduced plants are changing foraging dynamics of herbivores in many ecosystems often with unknown consequences. Galapagos tortoises, like many herbivores, undertake migrations along elevation gradients driven by variability in vegetation productivity which take them into upland areas dominated by introduced plants. We sought to characterize diet composition of two species of Galapagos tortoises, focussing on how the role of introduced forage species changes over space and the implications for tortoise conservation. We quantified the distribution of tortoises with elevation using GPS telemetry. Along the elevation gradient, we quantified the abundance of introduced and native plant species, estimated diet composition by recording foods consumed by tortoises, and assessed tortoise physical condition from body weights and blood parameter values. Tortoises ranged between 0 and 429m in elevation over which they consumed at least 64 plant species from 26 families, 44 percent of which were introduced species. Cover of introduced species and the proportion of introduced species in tortoise diets increased with elevation. Introduced species were positively selected for by tortoises at all elevations. Tortoise physical condition was either consistent or increased with elevation at the least biologically productive season on Galapagos. Santa Cruz tortoises are generalist herbivores that have adapted their feeding behavior to consume many introduced plant species that has likely made a positive contribution to tortoise nutrition. Some transformed habitats that contain an abundance of introduced forage species are compatible with tortoise conservation. C1 [Blake, Stephen] Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Blake, Stephen; Deem, Sharon L.] Univ Missouri, Whitney R Harris World Ecol Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Blake, Stephen] St Louis Zoo, WildCare Inst, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Blake, Stephen] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Blake, Stephen] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Guezou, Anne; Cabrera, Fredy] Charles Darwin Fdn, Quito 17013891, Galapagos, Ecuador. [Deem, Sharon L.] St Louis Zoo, Inst Conservat Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Blake, S (reprint author), Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Schlossallee 2, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. EM sblakewcs@gmail.com FU Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; United States National Science Foundation [1258062]; e-obs GmbH; National Geographic Society; Swiss Friends of Galapagos; Galapagos Conservation Trust; Saint Louis Zoo FX We thank the Galapagos National Park and the Charles Darwin Foundation for their enthusiastic technical, administrative and in-kind support for all aspects of our program. Patricia Jaramillo and Washington Tapia provided technical assistance. We thank the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, The United States National Science Foundation (Grant No. 1258062), e-obs GmbH, The National Geographic Society, The Swiss Friends of Galapagos, The Galapagos Conservation Trust, and the Saint Louis Zoo for funding. VSN International (Hemel Hempstead, UK) provided free statistical software. James Gibbs, Dennis Hansen, Jeff Lovich, and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2015 VL 47 IS 2 BP 246 EP 258 DI 10.1111/btp.12195 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD3LU UT WOS:000350980800013 ER PT J AU Caudron, C Syahbana, DK Lecocq, T Van Hinsberg, V McCausland, W Triantafyllou, A Camelbeeck, T Bernard, A Surono AF Caudron, Corentin Syahbana, Devy Kamil Lecocq, Thomas Van Hinsberg, Vincent McCausland, Wendy Triantafyllou, Antoine Camelbeeck, Thierry Bernard, Alain Surono TI Kawah Ijen volcanic activity: a review SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Review; Monitoring; Hyperacidic lake; Historical activity; Hydrothermal system ID EAST JAVA; CRATER LAKE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; EARTHQUAKE SWARMS; INDONESIA; CLASSIFICATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENT; MONTSERRAT; MECHANISM AB Kawah Ijen is a composite volcano located at the easternmost part of Java island in Indonesia and hosts the largest natural acidic lake in the world. We have gathered all available historical reports on Kawah Ijen's activity since 1770 with the purpose of reviewing the temporal evolution of its activity. Most of these observations and studies have been conducted from a geochemical perspective and in punctuated scientific campaigns. Starting in 1991, the seismic activity and a set of volcanic lake parameters began to be weekly available. We present a database of those measurements that, combined with historical reports, allow us to review each eruption/unrest that occurred during the last two centuries. As of 2010, the volcanic activity is monitored by a new multi-disciplinary network, including digital seismic stations, and lake level and temperature measurements. This detailed monitoring provides an opportunity for better classifying seismic events and forecasting volcanic unrest at Kawah Ijen, but only with the understanding of the characteristics of this volcanic system gained from the historical review presented here. C1 [Caudron, Corentin; Syahbana, Devy Kamil; Lecocq, Thomas; Camelbeeck, Thierry] Royal Observ Belgium, Seismol Sect, B-1180 Uccle, Belgium. [Caudron, Corentin] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Caudron, Corentin; Syahbana, Devy Kamil; Bernard, Alain] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Syahbana, Devy Kamil; Surono] Minist Energy & Mineral Resources, Geol Agcy, Ctr Volcanol & Geol Hazard Mitigat, Bandung 40122, Indonesia. [Syahbana, Devy Kamil] Helmholtz Ctr GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam 13, Germany. [Van Hinsberg, Vincent] Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. [McCausland, Wendy] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Triantafyllou, Antoine] Univ Mons, Dept Fundamental & Appl Geol, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. RP Caudron, C (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, Seismol Sect, 3 Ave Circulaire, B-1180 Uccle, Belgium. EM CCaudron@ntu.edu.sg OI Caudron, Corentin/0000-0002-3748-0007; Syahbana, Devy Kamil/0000-0002-5212-1221 FU Belgian federal science policy Action 2 grant [WI/33/J02] FX We wish to thank VDAP group for fruitful discussions. C. Caudron warmly thanks C. Newhall and P. Tapponnier for their help related to Bali 1917 earthquake. We thank Patrizia Battisti for her help in encoding the historical data. Delphine Gilson is acknowledged for her patience in capturing all those documents in a digital format. Thanks to Christina Widiwijayanti, historical data are now available to the scientific community. We are extremely grateful to CVGHM support on the field and in the library, and particularly to the observers of Kawah Ijen, Pak Heri and Pak Parjan. This work is partly funded by a Belgian federal science policy Action 2 grant (WI/33/J02). All the data are available through Wovodat (http://www.wovodat.org/). This paper benefited from LATEX and Matplotlib (Hunter 2007). The authors are really grateful to he reviewers, D. Rouwet and R.W. Henley, for their very constructive and encouraging reviews, as well as the editors G. Giordano and J.D.L. White. NR 95 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 AR 16 DI 10.1007/s00445-014-0885-8 PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CD2AH UT WOS:000350875400001 ER PT J AU Conway, CE Townsend, DB Leonard, GS Wilson, CJN Calvert, AT Gamble, JA AF Conway, C. E. Townsend, D. B. Leonard, G. S. Wilson, C. J. N. Calvert, A. T. Gamble, J. A. TI Lava-ice interaction on a large composite volcano: a case study from Ruapehu, New Zealand SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lava-ice interaction; Glaciovolcanism; Ar/Ar dating; Andesite; Ruapehu volcano ID ANDESITE VOLCANO; SOUTHERN ALPS; MOUNT-RAINIER; WASHINGTON; FLOWS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; EMPLACEMENT; TERMINATION; MECHANISMS; INDICATORS AB Ice exerts a first-order control over the distribution and preservation of eruptive products on glaciated volcanoes. Defining the temporal and spatial distributions of ice-marginal lava flows provides valuable constraints on past glacial extents and is crucial for understanding the eruptive histories of such settings. Ice-marginal lava flows are well displayed on Ruapehu, a glaciated andesite-dacite composite cone in the southern Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Flow morphology, fracture characteristics and Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronological data indicate that lavas erupted between similar to 51 and 15 ka interacted with large valley glaciers on Ruapehu. Ice-marginal lava flows exhibit grossly overthickened margins adjacent to glaciated valleys, are intercalated with glacial deposits, display fine-scale fracture networks indicative of chilling against ice, and are commonly ridge-capping due to their exclusion from valleys by glaciers. New and existing Ar-40/Ar-39 eruption ages for ice-marginal lava flows indicate that glaciers descending to 1300 m above sea level were present on Ruapehu between similar to 51-41 and similar to 27-15 ka. Younger lava flows located within valleys are characterised by blocky flow morphologies and fracture networks indicative of only localised and minor interaction with ice and/or snow, mainly in their upper reaches at elevations of similar to 2600-2400 m. An Ar-40/Ar-39 eruption age of 9 +/- 3 ka (2 sigma error) determined for a valley-filling flow on the northern flank of Ruapehu indicates that glaciers had retreated to near-historical extents by the time of emplacement for this lava flow. The applicability of Ar-40/Ar-39 dating to ice-marginal flows on glaciated andesite-dacite composite volcanoes makes this technique an additional proxy for paleoclimate reconstructions. C1 [Conway, C. E.; Wilson, C. J. N.; Gamble, J. A.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Townsend, D. B.; Leonard, G. S.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. [Calvert, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Conway, CE (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM conwaychri@myvuw.ac.nz RI Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011; Leonard, Graham/B-5617-2012 OI Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743; Leonard, Graham/0000-0002-4859-0180 FU Department of Conservation [DOCDM-593774]; Victoria University of Wellington DVC Research Grant [103311]; Victoria University Science Faculty Strategic Research Grant; Tongariro Natural History Memorial Award FX This work was part funded by Department of Conservation contract DOCDM-593774. We are also grateful to DoC for preparing sample permits and arranging accommodation for fieldwork. C.E.C. was supported by Victoria University of Wellington DVC Research Grant 103311. We are very grateful to John Watson of the Open University, UK, for carrying out XRF analyses and to James Brigham-Watson and Jason Marshall for assistance with fieldwork and sample preparation. D.B.T. and G.S.L. gratefully acknowledge Tom Sisson and Jim Vallance for helpful discussions during fieldwork at the beginning of this study. C.E.C. and G.S.L. thank Lucy Porritt and Dan Woodell for organising comparative fieldwork in British Columbia, which was funded by a Victoria University Science Faculty Strategic Research Grant and a Tongariro Natural History Memorial Award (C.E.C). We gratefully acknowledge insightful reviews from Tom Sisson, Dave McGarvie and Pierre-Simon Ross. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 AR 21 DI 10.1007/s00445-015-0906-2 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CD2AH UT WOS:000350875400006 ER PT J AU Dame, BE Solomon, DK Evans, WC Ingebritsen, SE AF Dame, Brittany E. Solomon, D. Kip Evans, William C. Ingebritsen, Steven E. TI Developing a new, passive diffusion sampler suite to detect helium anomalies associated with volcanic unrest SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas; Dissolved gas; Springs; Sampling; Sampling techniques; Helium; Helium isotopes ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; ISOTOPE RATIOS; CALIFORNIA; USA; GROUNDWATER; DISCHARGE; GASES; EMISSIONS; ACCUMULATION AB Helium (He) concentration and He-3/He-4 anomalies in soil gas and spring water are potentially powerful tools for investigating hydrothermal circulation associated with volcanism and could perhaps serve as part of a hazards warning system. However, in operational practice, He and other gases are often sampled only after volcanic unrest is detected by other means. A new passive diffusion sampler suite, intended to be collected after the onset of unrest, has been developed and tested as a relatively low-cost method of determining Heisotope composition pre- and post-unrest. The samplers, each with a distinct equilibration time, passively record He concentration and isotope ratio in springs and soil gas. Once collected and analyzed, the He concentrations in the samplers are used to deconvolve the time history of the He concentration and the He-3/He-4 ratio at the collection site. The current suite consisting of three samplers is sufficient to deconvolve both the magnitude and the timing of a step change in in situ concentration if the suite is collected within 100 h of the change. The effects of temperature and prolonged deployment on the suite's capability of recording He anomalies have also been evaluated. The suite has captured a significant He-3/He-4 soil gas anomaly at Horseshoe Lake near Mammoth Lakes, California. The passive diffusion sampler suite appears to be an accurate and affordable alternative for determining He anomalies associated with volcanic unrest. C1 [Dame, Brittany E.; Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Evans, William C.; Ingebritsen, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dame, BE (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM b.elise.dame@gmail.com; kip.solomon@utah.edu; wcevans@usgs.gov; seingebr@usgs.gov RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 FU Volcano Hazards and National Research Programs of the USGS; University of Utah FX This project has been funded jointly by the Volcano Hazards and National Research Programs of the USGS and the University of Utah. Special thanks and acknowledgement go to Alan Rigby and Wil Mace of the University of Utah Noble Gas Lab. The manuscript was greatly improved with the help of Cynthia Werner and the two anonymous journal reviewers. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 AR 23 DI 10.1007/s00445-015-0912-4 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CD2AH UT WOS:000350875400010 ER PT J AU Cipriano, RC Smith, ML Vermeersch, KA Dove, ADM Styczynski, MP AF Cipriano, Rocco C. Smith, McKenzie L. Vermeersch, Kathleen A. Dove, Alistair D. M. Styczynski, Mark P. TI Differential metabolite levels in response to spawning-induced inappetence in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Inappetence; Metabolomics; Salmo solar; Serum ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DEEP-SEA ANIMALS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FATTY-ACIDS; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SCYLLO-INOSITOL AB Atlantic salmon Salmo solar undergo months-long inappetence during spawning, but it is not known whether this inappetence is a pathological state or one for which the fish are adapted. Recent work has shown that inappetent whale sharks can exhibit circulating metabolite profiles similar to ketosis known to occur in humans during starvation. In this work, metabolite profiling was used to explore differences in analyte profiles between a cohort of inappetent spawning run Atlantic salmon and captively reared animals that were fed up to and through the time of sampling. The two classes of animals were easily distinguished by their metabolite profiles. The searun fish had elevated omega-9 fatty acids relative to the domestic feeding animals, while other fatty acid concentrations were reduced. Sugar alcohols were generally elevated in inappetent animals, suggesting potentially novel metabolic responses or pathways in fish that feature these compounds. Compounds expected to indicate a pathological catabolic state were not more abundant in the sea-run fish, suggesting that the animals, while inappetent. were not stressed in an unnatural way. These findings demonstrate the power of discovery-based metabolomics for exploring biochemistry in poorly understood animal models. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cipriano, Rocco C.] USGS, Nat Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Smith, McKenzie L.; Vermeersch, Kathleen A.; Styczynski, Mark P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Smith, McKenzie L.; Vermeersch, Kathleen A.; Styczynski, Mark P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dove, Alistair D. M.] Georgia Aquarium Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Styczynski, MP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, 311 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Mark.Styczynski@chbe.gatech.edu OI Dove, Alistair/0000-0003-3239-4772 FU United States Geological Survey [G10AC00672] FX Financial support was provided by the United States Geological Survey via Cooperative Agreement G10AC00672. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X EI 1878-0407 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD MAR PY 2015 VL 13 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.01.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CD4DF UT WOS:000351032100007 PM 25668602 ER PT J AU Cumming, GS Allen, CR Ban, NC Biggs, D Biggs, HC Cumming, DHM De Vos, A Epstein, G Etienne, M Maciejewski, K Mathevet, R Moore, C Nenadovic, M Schoon, M AF Cumming, Graeme S. Allen, Craig R. Ban, Natalie C. Biggs, Duan Biggs, Harry C. Cumming, David H. M. De Vos, Alta Epstein, Graham Etienne, Michel Maciejewski, Kristine Mathevet, Raphael Moore, Christine Nenadovic, Mateja Schoon, Michael TI Understanding protected area resilience: a multi-scale, social-ecological approach SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biosphere reserve; conservation; cross-scale; national park; nature reserve; protected areas; resilience; social-ecological system; socioecological system; spatial resilience ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; SCALE MISMATCHES; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; AFRICAN BUFFALO; SOUTH-AFRICA; FRAMEWORK; LANDSCAPE AB Protected areas (PAs) remain central to the conservation of biodiversity. Classical PAs were conceived as areas that would be set aside to maintain a natural state with minimal human influence. However, global environmental change and growing cross-scale anthropogenic influences mean that PAs can no longer be thought of as ecological islands that function independently of the broader social-ecological system in which they are located. For PAs to be resilient (and to contribute to broader social-ecological resilience), they must be able to adapt to changing social and ecological conditions over time in a way that supports the long-term persistence of populations, communities, and ecosystems of conservation concern. We extend Ostrom's social-ecological systems framework to consider the long-term persistence of PAs, as a form of land use embedded in social-ecological systems, with important cross-scale feedbacks. Most notably, we highlight the cross-scale influences and feedbacks on PAs that exist from the local to the global scale, contextualizing PAs within multi-scale social-ecological functional landscapes. Such functional landscapes are integral to understand and manage individual PAs for long-term sustainability. We illustrate our conceptual contribution with three case studies that highlight cross-scale feedbacks and social-ecological interactions in the functioning of PAs and in relation to regional resilience. Our analysis suggests that while ecological, economic, and social processes are often directly relevant to PAs at finer scales, at broader scales, the dominant processes that shape and alter PA resilience are primarily social and economic. C1 [Cumming, Graeme S.; Cumming, David H. M.; De Vos, Alta; Maciejewski, Kristine; Moore, Christine] Univ Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ban, Natalie C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Biggs, Duan] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Environm De, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Biggs, Harry C.] South African Natl Pk, Conservat Serv Div, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. [Epstein, Graham] Indiana Univ, Vincent & Elinor Ostrom Workshop Polit Theory & P, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Etienne, Michel] INRA Ecodev Unit, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Mathevet, Raphael] CNRS, UMR Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Nenadovic, Mateja] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Schoon, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85257 USA. RP Cumming, GS (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. EM graeme.cumming@uct.ac.za RI Cumming, Graeme/B-6551-2008 OI Cumming, Graeme/0000-0002-3678-1326 FU South African National Research Foundation; James S. McDonnell Foundation; SCALES project - European Commission [226852]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Wildlife Management Institute FX We are grateful to the Resilience Alliance (RA) for enabling a meeting of the RA Protected Areas Working Group in South Africa and to Karen Kotschy for her useful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was supported by the South African National Research Foundation, a James S. McDonnell Foundation grant to G. Cumming, and the SCALES project (funded by the European Commission as a large-scale integrating project within FP 7 under grant 226852). The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Wildlife Management Institute. NR 129 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 19 U2 91 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 25 IS 2 BP 299 EP 319 DI 10.1890/13-2113.1 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC7OA UT WOS:000350556400001 PM 26263656 ER PT J AU Vander Zanden, HB Tucker, AD Hart, KM Lamont, MM Fujisaki, I Addison, DS Mansfield, KL Phillips, KF Wunder, MB Bowen, GJ Pajuelo, M Bolten, AB Bjorndal, KA AF Vander Zanden, Hannah B. Tucker, Anton D. Hart, Kristen M. Lamont, Margaret M. Fujisaki, Ikuko Addison, David S. Mansfield, Katherine L. Phillips, Katrina F. Wunder, Michael B. Bowen, Gabriel J. Pajuelo, Mariela Bolten, Alan B. Bjorndal, Karen A. TI Determining origin in a migratory marine vertebrate: a novel method to integrate stable isotopes and satellite tracking SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon; Caretta caretta; Gulf of Mexico; isoscapes; loggerhead; migration; nitrogen; satellite telemetry; scute; sea turtle ID TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; FEEDING HABITAT USE; GREEN SEA-TURTLES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHELONIA-MYDAS; LONG-TERM; GEOCHEMICAL SIGNATURES; TROPHIC ECOLOGY AB Stable isotope analysis is a useful tool to track animal movements in both terrestrial and marine environments. These intrinsic markers are assimilated through the diet and may exhibit spatial gradients as a result of biogeochemical processes at the base of the food web. In the marine environment, maps to predict the spatial distribution of stable isotopes are limited, and thus determining geographic origin has been reliant upon integrating satellite telemetry and stable isotope data. Migratory sea turtles regularly move between foraging and reproductive areas. Whereas most nesting populations can be easily accessed and regularly monitored, little is known about the demographic trends in foraging populations. The purpose of the present study was to examine migration patterns of loggerhead nesting aggregations in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), where sea turtles have been historically understudied. Two methods of geographic assignment using stable isotope values in known-origin samples from satellite telemetry were compared: (1) a nominal approach through discriminant analysis and (2) a novel continuous-surface approach using bivariate carbon and nitrogen isoscapes (isotopic landscapes) developed for this study. Tissue samples for stable isotope analysis were obtained from 60 satellite-tracked individuals at five nesting beaches within the GoM. Both methodological approaches for assignment resulted in high accuracy of foraging area determination, though each has advantages and disadvantages. The nominal approach is more appropriate when defined boundaries are necessary, but up to 42% of the individuals could not be considered in this approach. All individuals can be included in the continuous-surface approach, and individual results can be aggregated to identify geographic hotspots of foraging area use, though the accuracy rate was lower than nominal assignment. The methodological validation provides a foundation for future sea turtle studies in the region to inexpensively determine geographic origin for large numbers of untracked individuals. Regular monitoring of sea turtle nesting aggregations with stable isotope sampling can be used to fill critical data gaps regarding habitat use and migration patterns. Probabilistic assignment to origin with isoscapes has not been previously used in the marine environment, but the methods presented here could also be applied to other migratory marine species. C1 [Vander Zanden, Hannah B.; Pajuelo, Mariela; Bolten, Alan B.; Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vander Zanden, Hannah B.; Pajuelo, Mariela; Bolten, Alan B.; Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vander Zanden, Hannah B.; Bowen, Gabriel J.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Tucker, Anton D.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Lamont, Margaret M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Addison, David S.] Conservancy Southwest Florida, Naples, FL 34102 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Phillips, Katrina F.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wunder, Michael B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Vander Zanden, HB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM h.vanderzanden@utah.edu OI Tucker, Anton/0000-0003-2318-7819; Phillips, Katrina/0000-0002-3188-2689; Vander Zanden, Hannah/0000-0003-3366-5116; Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU Sea Turtle Grants Program FX The authors thank J. Curtis for stable isotope analyses; P. Eliazar and T. Kaufman for help with sample preparation; B. Stephens and C. Hackett for sample collection on EAFB and SJP; A. Crowder, T. Selby, M. Cherkiss, A. Daniels, and B. Smith with field work at DRTO; and one anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the manuscript. All sample collection was made in compliance with the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol 201101985, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission permits MTP-016, 094, 155, and 176, USGS IACUC protocol USGS-SESC-2011-05 issued to K. Hart and Dry Tortugas permit DRTO-2012-SCI-0008. This study was funded by a grant awarded from the Sea Turtle Grants Program. The Sea Turtle Grants Program is funded from proceeds from the sale of the Florida Sea Turtle License Plate; learn more at www.helpingseaturtles.org. The deployment of satellite tags and the collection of the scute samples by field staff would not have been possible without the institutional support of the Conservancy of Southwest Florida, Mote Marine Laboratory and U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 92 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 25 IS 2 BP 320 EP 335 DI 10.1890/14-0581.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC7OA UT WOS:000350556400002 ER PT J AU Hua, D Jiao, Y Neves, R Jones, J AF Hua, Dan Jiao, Yan Neves, Richard Jones, Jess TI Use of PIT tags to assess individual heterogeneity of laboratory-reared juveniles of the endangered Cumberlandian combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) in a mark-recapture study SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Cumberlandian combshell (Epioblasma brevidens); detection probability; heterogeneity; hierarchic model; mark-recapture; PIT tag; survival rate ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; MODEL SELECTION UNCERTAINTY; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; JOLLY-SEBER MODEL; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; SURVIVAL; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS AB The federally endangered Cumberlandian combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) was propagated and reared to taggable size (5-10mm), and released to the Powell River, Tennessee, to augment a relict population. Methodology using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags on these mussels greatly facilitated the detection process. The overall mean detection probability and survival rate of released individuals reached 97.8 to 98.4% and 99.7 to 99.9% (per month), respectively, during nine successive recapture occasions in the 2-year study period, regardless of seasonality. Nonhierarchical models and hierarchical models incorporating individual and seasonal variations through a Bayesian approach were compared and resulted in similar performance of prediction for detection probability and survival rate of mussels. This is the first study to apply the mark-recapture method to laboratory-reared mussels using PIT tags and stochastic models. Quantitative analyses for individual heterogeneity allowed examination of demographic variance and effects of heterogeneity on population dynamics, although the individual and seasonal variations were small in this study. Our results provide useful information in implementing conservation strategies of this faunal group and a framework for other species or similar studies. C1 [Hua, Dan; Jiao, Yan; Neves, Richard; Jones, Jess] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hua, Dan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Freshwater Mollusk Conservat Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Neves, Richard] US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Jones, Jess] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Off, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Hua, D (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, 100 Cheatham HallColl Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM huad@vt.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University FX The grant for this work was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1087 DI 10.1002/ece3.1348 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CC8VX UT WOS:000350647800008 PM 25798225 ER PT J AU Kohler, TJ Stanish, LF Crisp, SW Koch, JC Liptzin, D Baeseman, JL McKnight, DM AF Kohler, Tyler J. Stanish, Lee F. Crisp, Steven W. Koch, Joshua C. Liptzin, Daniel Baeseman, Jenny L. McKnight, Diane M. TI Life in the Main Channel: Long-Term Hydrologic Control of Microbial Mat Abundance in McMurdo Dry Valley Streams, Antarctica SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE algae; cyanobacteria; climate change; resilience; ecology; polar region ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MELTWATER STREAMS; ALGAL COMMUNITIES; WATER VELOCITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TAYLOR VALLEY; GROWTH FORM; FLOW; PERIPHYTON AB Given alterations in global hydrologic regime, we examine the role of hydrology in regulating stream microbial mat abundance in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Here, perennial mats persist as a desiccated crust until revived by summer streamflow, which varies inter-annually, and has increased since the 1990s. We predicted high flows to scour mats, and intra-seasonal drying to slow growth. Responses were hypothesized to differ based on mat location within streams, along with geomorphology, which may promote (high coverage) or discourage (low coverage) accrual. We compared hydrologic trends with the biomass of green and orange mats, which grow in the channel, and black mats growing at stream margins for 16 diverse stream transects over two decades. We found mat biomass collectively decreased during first decade coinciding with low flows, and increased following elevated discharges. Green mat biomass showed the greatest correlations with hydrology and was stimulated by discharge in high coverage transects, but negatively correlated in low coverage due to habitat scour. In contrast, orange mat biomass was negatively related to flow in high coverage transects, but positively correlated in low coverage because of side-channel expansion. Black mats were weakly correlated with all hydrologic variables regardless of coverage. Lastly, model selection indicated the best combination of predictive hydrologic variables for biomass differed between mat types, but also high and low coverage transects. These results demonstrate the importance of geomorphology and species composition to modeling primary production, and will be useful in predicting ecological responses of benthic habitats to altered hydrologic regimes. C1 [Kohler, Tyler J.; Stanish, Lee F.; Crisp, Steven W.; Koch, Joshua C.; Liptzin, Daniel; Baeseman, Jenny L.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Stanish, Lee F.] Univ Colorado, Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koch, Joshua C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Baeseman, Jenny L.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Climate & Cryosphere, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Baeseman, Jenny L.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Kohler, TJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tyler.j.kohler@gmail.com RI Kohler, Tyler/I-5472-2016; OI Kohler, Tyler/0000-0001-5137-4844; Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982 FU MCMLTER [OPP-921 1773, OPP-9810219, OPP-0096250, OPP-1115245]; National Science Foundation Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program Award [0839020] FX Funding was provided by the MCMLTER (OPP-921 1773, OPP-9810219, OPP-0096250, OPP-1115245) and National Science Foundation Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program Award #0839020. PHI Helicopters provided essential logistic support during field campaigns. We additionally thank Chris Jaros, Kathy Welch, Hilary Dugan, Eric Parrish, the Teachers Experiencing Antarctica Program, the McKnight lab group, Crary Laboratory personnel, and Asgard Rangers past and present for data collection, project assistance, and helpful suggestions. Comments from the editors and two anonymous reviewers substantially improved the manuscript. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2015 VL 18 IS 2 BP 310 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s10021-014-9829-6 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD2CC UT WOS:000350880400010 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Ingersoll, CG Brumbaugh, WG Kemble, NE May, TW Wang, N MacDonald, DD Roberts, AD AF Besser, John M. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Brumbaugh, William G. Kemble, Nile E. May, Thomas W. Wang, Ning MacDonald, Donald D. Roberts, Andrew D. TI TOXICITY OF SEDIMENTS FROM LEAD-ZINC MINING AREAS TO JUVENILE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (LAMPSILIS SILIQUOIDEA) COMPARED TO STANDARD TEST ORGANISMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sediment toxicity; Freshwater mussels; Mining; Reference envelope; Laboratory-field comparison ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; QUALITY GUIDELINES; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; BIOAVAILABILITY; UNIONIDAE; USA; SENSITIVITY; MISSOURI; METALS AB Sediment toxicity tests compared chronic effects on survival, growth, and biomass of juvenile freshwater mussels (28-d exposures with Lampsilis siliquoidea) to the responses of standard test organismsamphipods (28-d exposures with Hyalella azteca) and midges (10-d exposures with Chironomus dilutus)in sediments from 2 lead-zinc mining areas: the Tri-State Mining District and Southeast Missouri Mining District. Mussel tests were conducted in sediments sieved to <0.25mm to facilitate recovery of juvenile mussels (2-4 mo old). Sediments were contaminated primarily with lead, zinc, and cadmium, with greater zinc and cadmium concentrations in Tri-State sediments and greater lead concentrations in southeast Missouri sediments. The frequency of highly toxic responses (reduced 10% or more relative to reference sites) in Tri-State sediments was greatest for amphipod survival (25% of samples), midge biomass (20%), and mussel survival (14%). In southeast Missouri sediments, the frequency of highly toxic samples was greatest for mussel biomass (25%) and amphipod biomass (13%). Thresholds for metal toxicity to mussels, expressed as hazard quotients based on probable effect concentrations, were lower for southeast Missouri sediments than for Tri-State sediments. Southeast Missouri sites with toxic sediments had 2 or fewer live mussel taxa in a concurrent mussel population survey, compared with 7 to 26 taxa at reference sites. These results demonstrate that sediment toxicity tests with juvenile mussels can be conducted reliably by modifying existing standard methods; that the sensitivity of mussels to metals can be similar to or greater than standard test organisms; and that responses of mussels in laboratory toxicity tests are consistent with effects on wild mussel populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:626-639. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Besser, John M.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Kemble, Nile E.; May, Thomas W.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [MacDonald, Donald D.] MacDonald Environm Sci, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Roberts, Andrew D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); US Department of the Interior's Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program FX The present study was funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and by the US Department of the Interior's Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program. Assistance with project planning and field sampling was provided by personnel of US Geological Survey (USGS), US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and USEPA, Regions 6 and 7; states of Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma; the Quapaw tribe; CH2M Hill; and Black and Veatch. Some chemical analyses were conducted by USEPA Region 7 CLP Laboratories, (Kansas City, MO) and USEPA Region 6 Laboratory (Dallas, TX). This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy. Peer reviews of various drafts were provided by A. Allert and C. Schmitt of USGS, R. Bringolf of the University of Georgia, C. Barnhart of Missouri State University, P. Turner of the USEPA, J. Dwyer of USFWS, and D. Pehrman of Black and Veatch. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 3 BP 626 EP 639 DI 10.1002/etc.2849 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CC3XH UT WOS:000350284100018 PM 25545632 ER PT J AU Fienen, MN Hunt, RJ AF Fienen, Michael N. Hunt, Randall J. TI High-Throughput Computing Versus High-Performance Computing for Groundwater Applications SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article C1 [Fienen, Michael N.; Hunt, Randall J.] USGS, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Fienen, MN (reprint author), USGS, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM mnfienen@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 2 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1111/gwat.12320 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CD0HA UT WOS:000350750100002 PM 25644169 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR Horowitz, C Mitchell, L AF Nimmo, John R. Horowitz, Charles Mitchell, Lara TI Discrete-Storm Water-Table Fluctuation Method to Estimate Episodic Recharge SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; RAINFALL; AIR; USA; PENNSYLVANIA; SOILS; SITE AB We have developed a method to identify and quantify recharge episodes, along with their associated infiltration-related inputs, by a consistent, systematic procedure. Our algorithm partitions a time series of water levels into discrete recharge episodes and intervals of no episodic recharge. It correlates each recharge episode with a specific interval of rainfall, so storm characteristics such as intensity and duration can be associated with the amount of recharge that results. To be useful in humid climates, the algorithm evaluates the separability of events, so that those whose recharge cannot be associated with a single storm can be appropriately lumped together. Elements of this method that are subject to subjectivity in the application of hydrologic judgment are values of lag time, fluctuation tolerance, and master recession parameters. Because these are determined once for a given site, they do not contribute subjective influences affecting episode-to-episode comparisons. By centralizing the elements requiring scientific judgment, our method facilitates such comparisons by keeping the most subjective elements openly apparent, making it easy to maintain consistency. If applied to a period of data long enough to include recharge episodes with broadly diverse characteristics, the method has value for predicting how climatic alterations in the distribution of storm intensities and seasonal duration may affect recharge. C1 [Nimmo, John R.; Horowitz, Charles; Mitchell, Lara] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS-420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov FU USGS program: Hydrologic Research and Development; USGS program: Ground Water Resources; USGS program: National Water Quality Assessment; USGS program: Youth Initiative Funding; NAGT/USGS Cooperative Program FX Jon Moen made early stage calculations with the Masser data and observed key features that prompted much of the development in this paper. Heather Scott assisted with later calculations and evaluation of previous studies. We are grateful to Annette Rosenbom and the Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme for supplying the Silstrup data in tabular form. Brandon Fleming and Brian Thomas provided helpful manuscript reviews. Funding was provided by these USGS programs: Hydrologic Research and Development, Ground Water Resources, National Water Quality Assessment, Youth Initiative Funding, and the NAGT/USGS Cooperative Program. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 2 BP 282 EP 292 DI 10.1111/gwat.12177 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CD0HA UT WOS:000350750100013 PM 24588378 ER PT J AU Robertson, B Hall, K Nistor, I Zytner, R Storlazzi, C AF Robertson, Bryson Hall, Kevin Nistor, Ioan Zytner, Richard Storlazzi, Curt TI Remote Sensing of Irregular Breaking Wave Parameters in Field Conditions SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Breaker height; surf similarity number; breaker index; seafloor slope optimization; breaker depth ID HEIGHT; VERIFICATION; FORMULA AB The analysis of wave breaking in shallow water has been ongoing for almost 150 years. Numerous research papers have been published that approximate both the local conditions and geometric characteristics of breaking waves. However, much of this knowledge is based on laboratory results or limited field investigations because traditional methods of extracting breaking wave measurements from the surfzone are expensive, dangerous, and feature low-resolution data. Unfortunately, laboratory studies are prone to scaling and friction effects that introduce unwanted variability in the data. This study presents a novel, safe, and low-cost method of extracting relevant breaking-wave properties from irregular waves in the surfzone, using optical and in situ measurement systems. Published, contradictory breaking-water depth definitions are compared, and the water depth at the wave-trough depth, corrected for optical offsets using a still-water correction of one-third of the wave height, is found to exhibit the least variability. A new, effective seafloor-slope definition, based on individual, breaking wavelength-to-depth ratios, was found to increase predictive ability over previously variable seafloor slope extraction methods. Collected field data are compared against established breaking-wave height formulas with the general exponential form consistently finding the best correlation. Finally, an optimized breaking-wave height-prediction method finds a root mean square relative error of just 1.672% within the ranges of the measured data set. Irregular waves investigated on an individual wave basis are shown to follow regular wave-breaker height and depth prediction methods. C1 [Robertson, Bryson; Hall, Kevin; Zytner, Richard] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Nistor, Ioan] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Storlazzi, Curt] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Robertson, B (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM bryson@uoguelph.ca FU University of Guelph; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Funding was provided by University of Guelph and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We would like to thank Ricardo Arthur (CZMU), Susan Mahon (Bellairs Research Institute), Johannes Gemmrich (University of Victoria), Tom Shand (University of New South Wales), Chase Chandler (CoastalCOMS Ltd.) and Joshua Logan (USGS) for assistance with field and data analyses. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 348 EP 363 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00006.1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CC7VA UT WOS:000350575300012 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Johnson, HM Susong, DD Wolock, DM AF Miller, Matthew P. Johnson, Henry M. Susong, David D. Wolock, David M. TI A new approach for continuous estimation of baseflow using discrete water quality data: Method description and comparison with baseflow estimates from two existing approaches SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Basel low; Conductivity mass balance; Specific conductance; Hydrograph separation; Groundwater ID STREAMS; FLOW; RECHARGE; CONDUCTIVITY; GROUNDWATER; DISCHARGE; RECORDS; RUNOFF; RIVERS; LOADS AB Understanding how watershed characteristics and climate influence the baseflow component of stream discharge is a topic of interest to both the scientific and water management communities. Therefore, the development of baseflow estimation methods is a topic of active research. Previous studies have demonstrated that graphical hydrograph separation (GHS) and conductivity mass balance (CMB) methods can be applied to stream discharge data to estimate daily baseflow. While CMB is generally considered to be a more objective approach than GHS, its application across broad spatial scales is limited by a lack of high frequency specific conductance (SC) data. We propose a new method that uses discrete SC data, which are widely available, to estimate baseflow at a daily time step using the CMB method. The proposed approach involves the development of regression models that relate discrete SC concentrations to stream discharge and time. Regression-derived CMB baseflow estimates were more similar to baseflow estimates obtained using a CMB approach with measured high frequency SC data than were the GHS baseflow estimates at twelve snowmelt dominated streams and rivers. There was a near perfect fit between the regression-derived and measured CMB baseflow estimates at sites where the regression models were able to accurately predict daily SC concentrations. We propose that the regression-derived approach could be applied to estimate baseflow at large numbers of sites, thereby enabling future investigations of watershed and climatic characteristics that influence the baseflow component of stream discharge across large spatial scales. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miller, Matthew P.; Susong, David D.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Johnson, Henry M.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM mamiller@usgs.gov OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU U.S. Geological Survey WaterSMART Program; National Water Quality Assessment Program FX We thank R. Hirsch for helpful comments on the development of the baseflow estimation approach. C. Corradini, C. Shope, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey WaterSMART and National Water Quality Assessment Programs. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 522 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.039 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CD2OZ UT WOS:000350920200017 ER PT J AU Niraula, R Meixner, T Norman, LM AF Niraula, Rewati Meixner, Thomas Norman, Laura M. TI Determining the importance of model calibration for forecasting absolute/relative changes in streamflow from LULC and climate changes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SWAT; Calibration; Streamflow; LULC change; Climate change; Santa Cruz Watershed ID LAND-USE CHANGE; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; CRITICAL SOURCE AREAS; RIVER-BASIN; UNITED-STATES; SWAT MODEL; MULTISITE CALIBRATION; RUNOFF GENERATION AB Land use/land cover (LULC) and climate changes are important drivers of change in streamflow. Assessing the impact of LULC and climate changes on streamflow is typically done with a calibrated and validated watershed model. However, there is a debate on the degree of calibration required. The objective of this study was to quantify the variation in estimated relative and absolute changes in streamflow associated with LULC and climate changes with different calibration approaches. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied in an uncalibrated (UC), single outlet calibrated (OC), and spatially-calibrated (SC) mode to compare the relative and absolute changes in streamflow at 14 gaging stations within the Santa Cruz River Watershed in southern Arizona, USA. For this purpose, the effect of 3 LULC, 3 precipitation (P), and 3 temperature (T) scenarios were tested individually. For the validation period, Percent Bias (PBIAS) values were >100% with the UC model for all gages, the valbes were between 0% and 100% with the OC model and within 20% with the SC model. Changes in streamflow predicted with the UC and OC models were compared with those of the SC model. This approach implicitly assumes that the SC model is "ideal". Results indicated that the magnitude of both absolute and relative changes in streamflow due to LULC predicted with the UC and OC results were different than those of the SC model. The magnitude of absolute changes predicted with the UC and SC models due to climate change (both P and T) were also significantly different, but were not different for OC and SC models. Results clearly indicated that relative changes due to climate change predicted with the UC and OC were not significantly different than that predicted with the SC models. This result suggests that it is important to calibrate the model spatially to analyze the effect of LULC change but not as important for analyzing the relative change in streamflow due to climate change. This study also indicated that model calibration in not necessary to determine the direction of change in streamflow due to LULC and climate change. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Niraula, Rewati; Meixner, Thomas] Univ Arizona, Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Norman, Laura M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Niraula, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, 1133 E James Rogers Way,J Harshbarger Bldg Rm 202, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rewatin@email.arizona.edu; tmiexner@email.arizona.edu; lnorman@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Water Sustainability and Climate (WSC) [1038938] FX This work was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Water Sustainability and Climate (WSC) Grant (Award Number: 1038938). NR 94 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 522 BP 439 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.007 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CD2OZ UT WOS:000350920200037 ER PT J AU Hirsch, RM Archfield, SA AF Hirsch, Robert M. Archfield, Stacey A. TI FLOOD TRENDS Not higher but more often SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; KNOWLEDGE; STATE C1 [Hirsch, Robert M.; Archfield, Stacey A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr USGS 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hirsch, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr USGS 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rhirsch@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 5 IS 3 BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC4MP UT WOS:000350327800012 ER PT J AU Abdullah, Q Maune, D Smith, D Heidemann, HK AF Abdullah, Qassim Maune, David Smith, Doug Heidemann, Hans Karl CA Accuracy Stand Subcomm TI New Standard for New Era: Overview of the 2015 ASPRS Positional Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 [Abdullah, Qassim] Woolpert, Arlington, VA 22206 USA. [Maune, David] Dewberry Consultants LLC, Fairfax, VA USA. [Smith, Doug] David C Smith & Associates Inc, Portland, OR USA. [Heidemann, Hans Karl] USGS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Abdullah, Q (reprint author), Woolpert, Arlington, VA 22206 USA. EM Qassim.Abdullah@woolpert.com; dmaune@dewberry.com; doug@davidsmithmapping.com; kheidemann@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 81 IS 3 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.14358/PERS.81.3.173 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CD4BU UT WOS:000351028400002 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, AB Geist, EL Fritz, HM Borrero, JC AF Rabinovich, Alexander B. Geist, Eric L. Fritz, Hermann M. Borrero, Jose C. TI Introduction to "Tsunami Science: Ten Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Volume I" SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Tsunami investigation; 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami; 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami; source parameters; Pacific Ocean; DART; tsunami warning system; tsunami records; tsunami modelling; spectral analysis AB Twenty-two papers on the study of tsunamis are included in Volume I of the PAGEOPH topical issue "Tsunami Science: Ten Years after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Eight papers examine various aspects of past events with an emphasis on case and regional studies. Five papers are on tsunami warning and forecast, including the improvement of existing tsunami warning systems and the development of new warning systems in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean region. Three more papers present the results of analytical studies and discuss benchmark problems. Four papers report the impacts of tsunamis, including the detailed calculation of inundation onshore and into rivers and probabilistic analysis for engineering purposes. The final two papers relate to important investigations of the source and tsunami generation. Overall, the volume not only addresses the pivotal 2004 Indian Ocean (Sumatra) and 2011 Japan (Tohoku) tsunamis, but also examines the tsunami hazard posed to other critical coasts in the world. C1 [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Borrero, Jose C.] eCoast Ltd, Raglan 3225, New Zealand. [Borrero, Jose C.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Rabinovich, AB (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM Alexander.Rabinovich@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; egeist@usgs.gov; fritz@gatech.edu; jborrero@usc.edu RI Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013 OI Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 172 IS 3-4 BP 615 EP 619 DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1038-5 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD2HG UT WOS:000350895700001 ER PT J AU Kiraly, IA Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J Hayes, D AF Kiraly, I. A. Coghlan, S. M., Jr. Zydlewski, J. Hayes, D. TI AN ASSESSMENT OF FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE IN A LARGE RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fish; assemblage; rivers; dams; biomonitoring ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DAM REMOVAL; LONG-TERM; ANADROMOUS ALEWIVES; ATLANTIC SALMON; SMALLMOUTH BASS; AMERICAN SHAD; MAIN STEM; FOOD WEBS; IMPOUNDMENT AB The Penobscot River drains the largest watershed in Maine and once provided spawning and rearing habitats to 11 species of diadromous fishes. The construction of dams blocked migrations of these fishes and likely changed the structure and function of fish assemblages throughout the river. The proposed removal of two main-stem dams, improved upstream fish passage at a third dam, and construction of a fish bypass on a dam obstructing a major tributary is anticipated to increase passage of and improve habitat connectivity for both diadromous and resident fishes. We captured 61837 fish of 35 species in the Penobscot River and major tributaries, through 114km of boat electrofishing. Patterns of fish assemblage structure did not change considerably during our sampling; relatively few species contributed to seasonal and annual variability within the main-stem river, including smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, white sucker Catostomus commersonii, pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, and golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas. However, distinct fish assemblages were present among river sections bounded by dams. Many diadromous species were restricted to tidal waters downriver of the Veazie Dam; Fundulus species were also abundant within the tidal river section. Smallmouth bass and pumpkinseed were most prevalent within the Veazie Dam impoundment and the free-flowing river section immediately upriver, suggesting the importance of both types of habitat that supports multiple life stages of these species. Further upriver, brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, yellow perch Perca flavescens, chain pickerel Esox niger, and cyprinid species were more prevalent than within any other river section. Our findings describe baseline spatial patterns of fish assemblages in the Penobscot River in relation to dams with which to compare assessments after dam removal occurs. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kiraly, I. A.; Coghlan, S. M., Jr.; Zydlewski, J.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, J.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hayes, D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kiraly, IA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ian.kiraly@gmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Restoration Center through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; University of Maine; US Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund; Hatch from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [ME08367-08H] FX We would like to thank the collaborators and those who assisted with this project: field technicians from the University of Maine (Silas Ratten, Ryan Haley, Morgan Burke, and Ethan Lamb), volunteers and alternate field help (Phill Dionne, Ann Grote, Meghan Nelson, Megan Patridge, Phill Adams, Jake Poirier, Imre Kormendy, Margo Relford, Rich May, and Marius Mutel), the Penobscot River Restoration Trust (Charlie Baeder, Blaine Kopp, Cheryl Daigle, and George Aponte-Clark), the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (Jason Seiders, Scott Davis, Joe Dembeck, Merry Gallagher, and Peter Bourque), The Maine Department of Marine Resources (Joan Trial and Oliver Cox), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Rory Saunders and Tim Sheehan), the Nature Conservancy (Joshua Royte), and Kleinschmidt Associates (Brandon Kulik). We would also like to thank John Achramowicz for fabricating the metalwork on our electrofishing boats, the Penobscot Indian Nation for providing us with the permit and access to tribal waters, and private landowners who allowed us to launch the boats from their property. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for critiques that improved the quality of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by an award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Restoration Center through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Penobscot River Restoration Trust, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or any of their members or subagencies. This work was also supported in part by the University of Maine, the US Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund. All fishes were handled according to protocols A2005-08-01 and A2011-06-04 approved by the University of Maine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. This work is Maine Agricultural and Forestry Station Publication Number 3358 and is based on research supported in part by Hatch grant number ME08367-08H from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1002/rra.2738 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CD4LQ UT WOS:000351054600004 ER PT J AU da Silva, PS Makrakis, MC Miranda, LE Makrakis, S Assumpcao, L Paula, S Dias, JHP Marques, H AF da Silva, P. S. Makrakis, M. C. Miranda, L. E. Makrakis, S. Assumpcao, L. Paula, S. Dias, J. H. P. Marques, H. TI IMPORTANCE OF RESERVOIR TRIBUTARIES TO SPAWNING OF MIGRATORY FISH IN THE UPPER PARANA RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE spawning areas; nursery habitats; fish migration; reproduction; large river system ID UPPER URUGUAY RIVER; LARVAE ASSEMBLAGES; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; REGULATED RIVERS; FLOW REGULATION; MATO-GROSSO; BRAZIL; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; DIVERSITY; PASSAGE AB Regulation of rivers by dams transforms previously lotic reaches above the dam into lentic ones and limits or prevents longitudinal connectivity, which impairs access to suitable habitats for the reproduction of many migratory fish species. Frequently, unregulated tributaries can provide important habitat heterogeneity to a regulated river and may mitigate the influence of impoundments on the mainstem river. We evaluated the importance of tributaries to spawning of migratory fish species over three spawning seasons, by comparing several abiotic conditions and larval fish distributions in four rivers that are tributaries to an impounded reach of the Upper Parana River, Brazil. Our study confirmed reproduction of at least 8 long-distance migrators, likely nine, out of a total of 19 occurring in the Upper Parana River. Total larval densities and percentage species composition differed among tributaries, but the differences were not consistent among spawning seasons and unexpectedly were not strongly related to annual differences in temperature and hydrology. We hypothesize that under present conditions, densities of larvae of migratory species may be better related to efficiency of fish passage facilities than to temperature and hydrology. Our study indicates that adult fish are finding suitable habitat for spawning in tributaries, fish eggs are developing into larvae, and larvae are finding suitable rearing space in lagoons adjacent to the tributaries. Our findings also suggest the need for establishment of protected areas in unregulated and lightly regulated tributaries to preserve essential spawning and nursery habitats. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [da Silva, P. S.; Makrakis, M. C.; Makrakis, S.; Assumpcao, L.; Paula, S.] Western Parana State Univ UNIOESTE, Grp Pesquisa Tecnol Prod & Conservacao Recursos P, Toledo, Parana, Brazil. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Dias, J. H. P.; Marques, H.] CESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Marques, H.] UNESP Campus Botucatu, Fish Biol & Ecol Lab, Inst Biosci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP da Silva, PS (reprint author), GETECH UNIOESTE, Rua Fac 645, BR-85903000 Toledo, Parana, Brazil. EM saraipatricia@gmail.com RI Marques, Hugo/H-4915-2015; Miranda, Luisa/N-6353-2013 OI Marques, Hugo/0000-0002-9361-9341; Miranda, Luisa/0000-0002-7553-6059 FU Companhia Energetica de Sao Paulo; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES FX We thank Companhia Energetica de Sao Paulo for financial and logistic support, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for Productivity in Research-PQ (MCM) scholarship, and financial support, CAPES for Master (PSS) scholarship. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1002/rra.2755 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CD4LQ UT WOS:000351054600005 ER PT J AU Heimann, DC Morris, DM Gemeinhardt, TR AF Heimann, D. C. Morris, D. M. Gemeinhardt, T. R. TI NUTRIENT CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ALLUVIAL SOILS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RESTORATION OF SHALLOW WATER HABITAT IN THE LOWER MISSOURI RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE shallow water habitat; side-channel chutes; Missouri River; river restoration; alluvial soils ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; DAM REMOVAL; LOUISIANA; HYPOXIA AB The Missouri River has been extensively altered as the result of channelization, bank stabilization, and the construction of six main stem reservoirs. In response to the resultant habitat loss, the US Army Corps of Engineers was tasked with restoring approximately 8100ha of shallow water habitat (SWH), in part, for the benefit of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Construction of off-channel habitats involves the removal and disposal of excavated alluvium either by direct discharge into the river or by secondary erosion, which raised concerns regarding the introduction of sediment and associated nutrients into the Missouri River. Soils from nine side-channel chutes were sampled to represent nutrient concentrations from habitat restoration activities. Soils from 12 historically undisturbed sites were also sampled to represent reference conditions in the Missouri River flood plain. The results of this study indicate that nutrient characteristics of soils from selected SWH locations generally are similar to those of historically undisturbed soils. The estimated mass of total phosphorus from chutes accounted for 1.9% of Missouri River and 0.5% of Mississippi River total phosphorus loads during the 1993-2012 analysis period. The mass of nitrate, the constituent most closely related to gulf hypoxia, was 0.01% or less of the Missouri and Mississippi River nitrate loads. Sediment volumes from the chutes accounted for 3.1 and 1.5% of total suspended loads from the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Overall, the introduced sediment from side-channel chute construction associated with SWH restoration accounts for a small portion of total nutrient and sediment transport in the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. River Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Heimann, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Lees Summit, MO USA. [Morris, D. M.; Gemeinhardt, T. R.] US Army Corps Engineers, Missouri River Water Qual Program, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. RP Morris, DM (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, Missouri River Water Qual Program, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. EM dane.m.morris@usace.army.mil FU USACE, Kansas City District FX This study was conducted with a financial support from the USACE, Kansas City District. We would like to thank the Kansas City District Drill Crew and Palmerton & Parrish, Inc. for their valuable help in collecting soil samples. For GIS analyses, orthophotograph analyses, and bathymetric survey data collection, the authors gratefully acknowledge Tracy Brown, Lisa Hook, Shahrzad Jalili, and Ben Johnson (USACE). Finally, for providing a technical review of the report, the authors gratefully acknowledge Chance Bitner (USACE) and Kyle Juracek (USGS). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 323 EP 334 DI 10.1002/rra.2742 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CD4LQ UT WOS:000351054600006 ER PT J AU Hand, BK Lowe, WH Kovach, RP Muhlfeld, CC Luikare, G AF Hand, Brian K. Lowe, Winsor H. Kovach, Ryan P. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Luikare, Gordon TI Landscape community genomics: understanding eco-evolutionary processes in complex environments SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE landscape genomics; community genetics; landscape genetics; species interactions; co-evolution; adaptation; population connectivity ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; ECOSYSTEM GENETICS; DISPERSAL; GENES; HYBRIDIZATION; COMPETITION; SPREAD; METAPOPULATION AB Extrinsic factors influencing evolutionary processes are often categorically lumped into interactions that are environmentally (e.g., climate, landscape) or community-driven, with little consideration of the overlap or influence of one on the other. However, genomic variation is strongly influenced by complex and dynamic interactions between environmental and community effects. Failure to consider both effects on evolutionary dynamics simultaneously can lead to incomplete, spurious, or erroneous conclusions about the mechanisms driving genomic variation. We highlight the need for a landscape community genomics (LCG) framework to help to motivate and challenge scientists in diverse fields to consider a more holistic, interdisciplinary perspective on the genomic evolution of multi-species communities in complex environments. C1 [Hand, Brian K.; Kovach, Ryan P.; Luikare, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Hand, BK (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM brian.hand@umontana.edu FU Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-1050459, DEB-1067613, DEB-1258203] FX We thank Dr Sam Banks for his very helpful reviews that helped guide the first major revision of the paper. We also thank an anonymous reviewer who provided helpful comments and questions that helped to clarify important concepts in the paper, including the use of different types of genomic sequencing in LCG. Our funding is from the Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and from National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DEB-1050459, DEB-1067613 and DEB-1258203. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 15 U2 100 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2015.01.005 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CD1MM UT WOS:000350839000006 PM 25650350 ER PT J AU Dinges, AJ Webb, EB Vrtiska, MP AF Dinges, Andrew J. Webb, Elisabeth B. Vrtiska, Mark P. TI Effects of the Light Goose Conservation Order on non-target waterfowl distribution during spring migration SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREATER SNOW GEESE; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; ARCTIC SALT-MARSH; RAINWATER BASIN; HUNTING DISTURBANCE; AVIAN CHOLERA; WETLAND BIRDS; HABITAT USE; NEBRASKA; MANAGEMENT AB The Light Goose Conservation Order (LGCO) was initiated in 1999 to reduce mid-continent populations of light geese (lesser snow geese Chen caerulescens and Ross's geese C. rossi). However, concern about potential for LGCO activities (i.e. hunting activities) to negatively impact non-target waterfowl species during spring migration in the Rainwater Basin (RWB) of Nebraska prompted agency personnel to limit the number of hunt days each week and close multiple public wetlands to LGCO activities entirely. To evaluate the effects of the LGCO in the RWB, we quantified waterfowl density at wetlands open and closed to LGCO hunting and recorded all hunter encounters during springs 2011 and 2012. We encountered a total of 70 hunting parties on 22 study wetlands, with over 90% of these encounters occurring during early season when the majority of waterfowl used the RWB region. We detected greater overall densities of dabbling ducks Anas spp., as well as for mallards A. platyrhynchos and northern pintails A. acuta on wetlands closed to the LGCO. We detected no effects of hunt day in the analyses of dabbling duck densities. We detected no differences in mean weekly dabbling duck densities among wetlands open to hunting, regardless of weekly or cumulative hunting encounter frequency throughout early season. Additionally, hunting category was not a predictor for the presence of greater white-fronted geese Anser albifrons in a logistic regression model. Given that dabbling duck densities were greater on wetlands closed to hunting, providing wetlands free from hunting disturbance as refugia during the LGCO remains an important management strategy at migration stopover sites. However, given that we did not detect an effect of hunt day or hunting frequency on dabbling duck density, our results suggest increased hunting frequency at sites already open to hunting would likely have minimal impacts on the distribution of non-target waterfowl species using the region for spring staging. C1 [Dinges, Andrew J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Webb, Elisabeth B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vrtiska, Mark P.] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Webb, EB (reprint author), 1213 S German St, New Ulm, MN 56073 USA. EM webbli@missouri.edu FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; E. K. Love Fellowship; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We would like to thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the E. K. Love Fellowship for providing funding and logistical support for this project. Additional logistical support was provided by the Rainwater Basin Joint Venture and Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District. We also gratefully acknowledge H. Modrow and E. Teter for their assistance collecting field data. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 21 IS 2 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.2981/wlb.00063 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CC6DM UT WOS:000350455100004 ER PT J AU Kirol, CP Sutphin, AL Bond, L Fuller, MR Maechtle, TL AF Kirol, Christopher P. Sutphin, Andrew L. Bond, Laura Fuller, Mark R. Maechtle, Thomas L. TI Mitigation effectiveness for improving nesting success of greater sage-grouse influenced by energy development SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; MODEL SELECTION; HABITAT; IMPACTS; POPULATION; PREDATORS; REGRESSION; MOVEMENT; ECOLOGY; FITNESS AB Sagebrush Artemisia spp. habitats being developed for oil and gas reserves are inhabited by sagebrush obligate species including the greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus (sage-grouse) that is currently being considered for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Numerous studies suggest increasing oil and gas development may exacerbate species extinction risks. Therefore, there is a great need for effective on-site mitigation to reduce impacts to co-occurring wildlife such as sage-grouse. Nesting success is a primary factor in avian productivity and declines in nesting success are also thought to be an important contributor to population declines in sage-grouse. From 2008 to 2011 we monitored 296 nests of radio-marked female sage-grouse in a natural gas (NG) field in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA, and compared nest survival in mitigated and non-mitigated development areas and relatively unaltered areas to determine if specific mitigation practices were enhancing nest survival. Nest survival was highest in relatively unaltered habitats followed by mitigated, and then non-mitigated NG areas. Reservoirs used for holding NG discharge water had the greatest support as having a direct relationship to nest survival. Within a 5-km(2) area surrounding a nest, the probability of nest failure increased by about 15% for every 1.5 km increase in reservoir water edge. Reducing reservoirs was a mitigation focus and sage-grouse nesting in mitigated areas were exposed to almost half of the amount of water edge compared to those in non-mitigated areas. Further, we found that an increase in sagebrush cover was positively related to nest survival. Consequently, mitigation efforts focused on reducing reservoir construction and reducing surface disturbance, especially when the surface disturbance results in sagebrush removal, are important to enhancing sage-grouse nesting success. C1 [Kirol, Christopher P.; Sutphin, Andrew L.; Maechtle, Thomas L.] Big Horn Environm Consultants, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. [Bond, Laura] Boise State Univ, Biomol Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Fuller, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Fuller, Mark R.] Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Kirol, CP (reprint author), Big Horn Environm Consultants, 730 E Burkitt, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. EM chris@bighornec.com FU Anadarko Petroleum Corporation; National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [P20GM103408] FX We thank Anadarko Petroleum Corporation for funding. Many Anadarko staff members including David Applegate, Tom Clayson, Charley Dien, Colleen Faber, Jerry Geer, Tammi Hitt, Jeff Maddox and Nick Owens provided logistical support and provided assistance with gathering GIS data on gas field infrastructure. We extend a special thanks to the Powder River Basin landowners for their cooperation and land access. Thank you to Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD) for providing our scientific research permit. WGFD staff members, Tom Christiansen, Lynn Jahnke, Bert Jellison and Tim Thomas provided field support and research suggestions. John Ensign from Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks helped us with obtaining needed field equipment. We would like to thank Diane Adams at the BLM-Buffalo Field Office for providing us with GIS energy development data. We want to extend special thanks to our crew of field biologists who spent long days in the field gathering data. Dr. Brett Walker allowed us to review the unpublished methods section of his paper, and answered our questions regarding field methods, ensuring that we closely followed protocols from previous efforts by University of Montana. Thank you to Dr. Bradley Fedy who provided valuable input on the statistical analysis. Suggestions from Dr. Jonathan Dinkins, Dr. Christian Hagen and Dr. Terry Messmer greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was made possible in part by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Grant no. P20GM103408. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 36 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 21 IS 2 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.2981/wlb.00002 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CC6DM UT WOS:000350455100005 PM 26366042 ER PT J AU Germano, JM Field, KJ Griffiths, RA Clulow, S Foster, J Harding, G Swaisgood, RR AF Germano, Jennifer M. Field, Kimberleigh J. Griffiths, Richard A. Clulow, Simon Foster, Jim Harding, Gemma Swaisgood, Ronald R. TI Mitigation-driven translocations: are we moving wildlife in the right direction? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID REINTRODUCTION BIOLOGY; POPULATION; STRATEGY; ENGLAND; DESERT; TOOL AB Despite rapid growth in the field of reintroduction biology, results from scientific research are often not applied to translocations initiated when human land-use change conflicts with the continued persistence of a species' population at a particular site. Such mitigation-driven translocations outnumber and receive more funding than science-based conservation translocations, yet the conservation benefit of the former is unclear. Because mitigation releases are economically motivated, outcomes may be less successful than those of releases designed to serve the biological needs of species. Translocation as a regulatory tool may be ill-suited for biologically mitigating environmental damage caused by development. Evidence suggests that many mitigation-driven translocations fail, although the application of scientific principles and best practices would probably improve the success rate. Lack of transparency and failure to document outcomes also hinder efforts to understand the scope of the problem. If mitigation-driven translocations are to continue as part of the growing billion-dollar ecological consulting industry, it is imperative that the scale and effects of these releases be reported and evaluated. C1 [Germano, Jennifer M.; Swaisgood, Ronald R.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Germano, Jennifer M.] Dept Conservat, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Field, Kimberleigh J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Reno, NV USA. [Griffiths, Richard A.; Harding, Gemma] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. [Clulow, Simon] Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Foster, Jim] Witley Ctr, Amphibian & Reptile Conservat, Witley, Surrey, England. RP Germano, JM (reprint author), San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. EM JGermano@doc.govt.nz NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 13 IS 2 BP 100 EP 105 DI 10.1890/140137 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC6NU UT WOS:000350482900017 ER PT J AU Heitmuller, FT Hudson, PF Asquith, WH AF Heitmuller, Franklin T. Hudson, Paul F. Asquith, William H. TI Lithologic and hydrologic controls of mixed alluvial-bedrock channels in flood-prone fluvial systems: Bankfull and macrochannels in the Llano River watershed, central Texas, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bankfull discharge; Channel geometry; Llano River; Macrochannels; Mixed alluvial-bedrock rivers; Texas ID DOWNSTREAM HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; STREAM POWER; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; EXTREME FLOODS; NEW-ZEALAND; PATTERNS; DISCHARGE; MAGNITUDE; FREQUENCY; BED AB The rural and unregulated Llano River watershed located in central Texas, USA, has a highly variable flow regime and a wide range of instantaneous peak flows. Abrupt transitions in surface lithology exist along the main-stem channel course. Both of these characteristics afford an opportunity to examine hydrologic, lithologic, and sedimentary controls on downstream changes in channel morphology. Field surveys of channel topography and boundary composition are coupled with sediment analyses, hydraulic computations, flood-frequency analyses, and geographic information system mapping to discern controls on channel geometry (profile, pattern, and shape) and dimensions along the mixed alluvial-bedrock Llano River and key tributaries. Four categories of channel classification in a downstream direction include: (i) uppermost ephemeral reaches, (ii) straight or sinuous gravel-bed channels in Cretaceous carbonate sedimentary zones, (iii) straight or sinuous gravel-bed or bedrock channels in Paleozoic sedimentary zones, and (iv) straight, braided, or multithread mixed alluvial-bedrock channels with sandy beds in Precambrian igneous and metamorphic zones. Principal findings include: (i) a nearly linear channel profile attributed to resistant bedrock incision checkpoints; (ii) statistically significant correlations of both alluvial sinuosity and valley confinement to relatively high! (mean depth) hydraulic geometry values; (iii) relatively high b (width) hydraulic geometry values in partly confined settings with sinuous channels upstream from a prominent incision checkpoint; (iv) different functional flow categories including frequently occurring events (<1.5-year return periods) that mobilize channel-bed material and less frequent events that determine bankfull channel (1.5- to 3-year return periods) and macrochannel (10- to 40-year return periods) dimensions; (v) macrochannels with high! values (mostly >= 0.45) that develop at sites with unit stream power values in excess of 200 watts per square meter (W/m(2)); and (vi) downstream convergence of hydraulic geometry exponents for bankfull and macrochannels, explained by co-increases of flood magnitude and noncohesive sandy sediments that collectively minimize development of alluvial bankfull indicators. Collectively, these findings indicate that mixed alluvial-bedrock channels exhibit first-order lithologic controls (lithologic resistance and valley confinement) of channel geometry, second-order hydrologic (flow regime) control of channel dimensions, and third-order sedimentary controls that exert subsidiary influence on channel shape and bed configuration. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, C1 [Heitmuller, Franklin T.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Geog & Geol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Hudson, Paul F.] Leiden Univ Coll Hague, NL-2501 EE The Hague, Netherlands. [Asquith, William H.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Heitmuller, FT (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Geog & Geol, 118 Coll Dr 5051, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM Franklin.Heitmuller@usm.edu; p.f.hudson@luc.leidenuniv.nl; wasquith@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation (DDRI Award) [0623230]; USGS, Texas Department of Transportation [0-4695]; LCRA, Braun & Associates and UT Environmental Science Institute Grant for Research on Private Lands; Robert E. Veselka Endowed Fellowship; David Bruton, Jr., Graduate Fellowship FX This research would not have been possible without support from the following agencies and contributors: National Science Foundation (DDRI Award 0623230), USGS, Texas Department of Transportation (Project 0-4695), LCRA, Braun & Associates and UT Environmental Science Institute Grant for Research on Private Lands, Robert E. Veselka Endowed Fellowship for Graduate Research Travel - and in memory of Stephen T. Moore, and the David Bruton, Jr., Graduate Fellowship. The authors also express gratitude to the following individuals for their assistance and encouragement: Karl W. Butzer, Francisco L. Perez, John M. Sharp, Kenneth R Young, Clay Spivey, George R. Herrmann, David B. Thompson, Theodore G. Cleveland, Xing Fang, K.H. Wang, Meghan C. Roussel, Lance Christian, Ben Connor, Delbert Humberson, Joe Beauchamp, Erin Atkinson, and Terry Hollister. Reviews of various stages of this manuscript were made by Victor R Baker, Paul M. Bradley, Johnathan R. Bumgarner, Paul A. Carling, John D. Gordon, Keith J. Lucey, John Pitlick, Karl E. Winters (who doubly served as pilot during a low-altitude aerial flight), and other anonymous peers who substantially improved the manuscript. Gratitude is expressed to these reviewers and Associate Editor Richard Marston for their helpful comments and suggestions. Additional gratitude is expressed to the landowners who hospitably permitted access to their properties. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 106 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 232 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.033 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CC2OL UT WOS:000350184400001 ER PT J AU Johnson, CD Swarzenski, PW Richardson, CM Smith, CG Kroeger, KD Ganguli, PM AF Johnson, Cordell D. Swarzenski, Peter W. Richardson, Christina M. Smith, Chris G. Kroeger, Kevin D. Ganguli, Priya M. TI Ground-truthing Electrical Resistivity Methods in Support of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Studies: Examples from Hawaii, Washington, and California SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL ZONE; DYNAMICS; OCEAN AB Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important conduit that links terrestrial and marine environments. SGD conveys both water and water-borne constituents into coastal waters, where these inflows may impact near-shore ecosystem health and sustainability. Multichannel electrical resistivity techniques have proven to be a powerful tool to examine scales and dynamics of SGD and SGD forcings. However, there are uncertainties both in data aquisition and data processing that must be addressed to maximize the effectiveness of this tool in estuarine or marine environments. These issues most often relate to discerning subtle nuances in the flow of electricity through variably saturated media that can also be highly conductive (i.e., seawater). Three contrasting field sites were examined for this study to assess the effectiveness of electrical resistivity techniques in varying coastal settings by comparing resistivity data to direct salinity and resistivity observations, quantifying changes in lithology and beach geomorphology, and fine-tuning inversion protocols. The three study sites all have substantial (up to 85 cm day(-1)) submarine groundwater discharge rates, but the hydrologic, oceanographic, and geologic characteristics of the sites are all very different. At a site in Pelekane Bay on the Big Island of Hawaii, seasonal flooding introduces very high concentrations of fine to coarse sediment into the bay. Near-shore circulation is limited in Pelekane Bay, so this newly introduced sediment can become deposited in the bay where it accumulates overtime. At a site in Hood Canal, a fjord within Puget Sound, Washington, SGD rates can be high because of the large tidal range, abundant recharge, and steep hydrologic gradients. At Younger Lagoon in northern California, the flow of groundwater towards the coast is much more parsimonious, but here marine processes, including recirculated seawater, are important in controlling the flow of material towards the coast. Rigorous ground-truthing at each field site showed that multi-channel electrcial resistivity techniques can reproduce the scales and dynamics of a seepage field when such data are correctly collected, and when the model inversions are tuned to field site characteristics. Such information can provide a unique perspective on the scales and dynamics of exchange processes within a coastal aquifer-information essential to scientists and resource managers alike. C1 [Johnson, Cordell D.; Swarzenski, Peter W.; Richardson, Christina M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Johnson, Cordell D.; Richardson, Christina M.; Ganguli, Priya M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Smith, Chris G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kroeger, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Johnson, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cordell_johnson@usgs.gov; pswarzen@usgs.gov; cmrich@hawaii.edu; cgsmith@usgs.gov; kkroeger@usgs.gov; pganguli@ucsc.edu OI Ganguli, Priya/0000-0002-5965-0230; Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 20 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.2113/JEEG20.1.81 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA CC8IQ UT WOS:000350612100007 ER PT J AU Foote, AD Liu, Y Thomas, GWC Vinar, T Alfoldi, J Deng, JX Dugan, S van Elk, CE Hunter, ME Joshi, V Khan, Z Kovar, C Lee, SL Lindblad-Toh, K Mancia, A Nielsen, R Qin, X Qu, JX Raney, BJ Vijay, N Wolf, JBW Hahn, MW Muzny, DM Worley, KC Gilbert, MTP Gibbs, RA AF Foote, Andrew D. Liu, Yue Thomas, Gregg W. C. Vinar, Tomas Alfoeldi, Jessica Deng, Jixin Dugan, Shannon van Elk, Cornelis E. Hunter, Margaret E. Joshi, Vandita Khan, Ziad Kovar, Christie Lee, Sandra L. Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin Mancia, Annalaura Nielsen, Rasmus Qin, Xiang Qu, Jiaxin Raney, Brian J. Vijay, Nagarjun Wolf, Jochen B. W. Hahn, Matthew W. Muzny, Donna M. Worley, Kim C. Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Gibbs, Richard A. TI Convergent evolution of the genomes of marine mammals SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCES; PROTEINS; LIKELIHOOD; MUTATIONS; DATABASE AB Marine mammals from different mammalian orders share several phenotypic traits adapted to the aquatic environment and therefore represent a classic example of convergent evolution. To investigate convergent evolution at the genomic level, we sequenced and performed de novo assembly of the genomes of three species of marine mammals (the killer whale, walrus and manatee) from three mammalian orders that share independently evolved phenotypic adaptations to a marine existence. Our comparative genomic analyses found that convergent amino acid substitutions were widespread throughout the genome and that a subset of these substitutions were in genes evolving under positive selection and putatively associated with a marine phenotype. However, we found higher levels of convergent amino acid substitutions in a control set of terrestrial sister taxa to the marine mammals. Our results suggest that, whereas convergent molecular evolution is relatively common, adaptive molecular convergence linked to phenotypic convergence is comparatively rare. C1 [Foote, Andrew D.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museurn Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Foote, Andrew D.; Vijay, Nagarjun; Wolf, Jochen B. W.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. [Liu, Yue; Deng, Jixin; Dugan, Shannon; Joshi, Vandita; Khan, Ziad; Kovar, Christie; Lee, Sandra L.; Qin, Xiang; Qu, Jiaxin; Muzny, Donna M.; Worley, Kim C.; Gibbs, Richard A.] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Thomas, Gregg W. C.; Hahn, Matthew W.] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN USA. [Vinar, Tomas] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Alfoeldi, Jessica; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin] Broad Inst Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. [van Elk, Cornelis E.] Dolfinarium Harderwijk, Harderwijk, Netherlands. [Hunter, Margaret E.] US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Wolf, Jochen B. W.] Uppsala Univ, Sci Life Lab, Uppsala, Sweden. [Mancia, Annalaura] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Mancia, Annalaura] Univ Ferrara, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Nielsen, Rasmus] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Evolutionary Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Raney, Brian J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hahn, Matthew W.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. [Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Trace & Environm DNA Lab, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Foote, AD (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museurn Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM footead@gmail.com; kworley@bcm.edu RI Nielsen, Rasmus/D-4405-2009; Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013; Vinar, Tomas/I-3695-2014; OI Nielsen, Rasmus/0000-0003-0513-6591; Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195; Vinar, Tomas/0000-0003-3898-3447; Mancia, Annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530 FU National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) [U54 HG003273, HG003067-08]; European Union Intra-European Fellowhip (IEF) [KWAF10]; Marie Curie IEF; Lawski Foundation fellowship; VEGA grant agency (grant agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic) [1/0719/14, 1/1085/12]; NHGRI; UPPMAX next-generation sequencing cluster and storage facility (UPPNEX); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing; [DNRF94] FX The Marine Mammals Genome Project was funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), including grant U54 HG003273 (R.A.G.) for the dolphin, walrus and killer whale and grant U54 HG003067-08 for the manatee (K.L.-T. and J.A.), with additional funding from grant DNRF94 for the walrus and killer whale (M.T.P.G.) and European Union Intra-European Fellowhip (IEF) grant KWAF10 (A.D.F.). A.D.F. was supported by a Marie Curie IEF 'KWAF10' and a Lawski Foundation fellowship, and T.V. was supported by grants 1/0719/14 and 1/1085/12 from the VEGA grant agency (grant agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic). We thank the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center production teams, including those who worked on the Sanger sequencing data production teams for the dolphin (K. Abraham, S. Ali, U. Anosike, T. Attaway, D. Bandaranaike, S. Bell, B. Beltran, C. Bickham, V. Cardenas, K. Carter, I. Cavazos, M. Chandrabose, A. Chavez, J. Chu, R. Cockrell, A. Cree, M. Dao, M.L. Davila, L. Davy-Carroll, S. Denson, H. Dinh, V. Ebong, S. Fernandez, P. Fernando, N. Flagg, L. Forbes, G. Fowler, R. Gabisi, R. Garcia, T. Garner, T. Garrett, E. Hawkins, K. Hirani, M. Hogues, B. Hollins, S. Jhangiani, B. Johnson, J. Kalu, H. Kisamo, L. Lago, Y. Lai, F. Lara, T. Le, S. Lee, F. LeGall, S. Lemon, L. Lewis, L. Liu, P. London, J. Lopez, E. Martinez, C. Mercadao, M. Morgan, M. Munidasa, L. Nazareth, N. Nguyen, P. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, O. Nwaokelemeh, M. Obregon, G. Okwuonu, C. Onwere, A. Parra, S. Patil, A. Perez, Y. Perez, C. Pham, E. Primus, L.-L. Pu, M. Puazo, J. Quiroz, S. Richards, M. Ruiz, S. J. Ruiz, J. Santibanez, S. Scherer, B. Schneider, D. Simmons, I. Sisson, Z. Trejos, S. Vattathil, D. Walker, C. White, A. Williams, K. Wilson, I. Woghiren, J. Woodworth and R. Wright), the Illumina library and production teams for the walrus and killer whale (Y. Liu, S. L. Lee, S. Dugan, S. Jhangiani, D. Bandaranaike, M. Batterton, M. Bellair, C. Bess, K. Blankenburg, H. Chao, S. Denson, H. Dinh, S. Elkadiri, Q. Fu, B. Hernandez, M. Javaid, J. C. Jayaseelan, S. Lee, M. Li, X. Liu, T. Matskevitch, M. Munidasa, R. Najjar, L. Nguyen, F. Ongeri, N. Osuji, L. Perales, L.-L. Pu, M. Puazo, S. Qi, J. Quiroz, R. Raj, J. Shafer, H. Shen, N. Tabassum, L.-Y. Tang, A. Taylor, G. Weissenberger, Y.-Q. Wu, Y. Xin, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhu and X. Zou) and the submissions team (K. Wilczek-Boney, M. Batterton and D. Kalra). Large-scale computational effort was made possible by the computing cluster administered by the Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering (CBSE) at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), funded primarily by the NHGRI, and the UPPMAX next-generation sequencing cluster and storage facility (UPPNEX), funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 19 U2 133 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 47 IS 3 BP 272 EP + DI 10.1038/ng.3198 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA CC4MQ UT WOS:000350327900020 PM 25621460 ER PT J AU Goldberg, CS Strickler, KM Pilliod, DS AF Goldberg, Caren S. Strickler, Katherine M. Pilliod, David S. TI Moving environmental DNA methods from concept to practice for monitoring aquatic macroorganisms SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Detection; eDNA; Fish; PCR inhibition ID WATER SAMPLES; EDNA AB The discovery that macroorganisms can be detected from their environmental DNA (eDNA) in aquatic systems has immense potential for the conservation of biological diversity. This special issue contains 11 papers that review and advance the field of eDNA detection of vertebrates and other macroorganisms, including studies of eDNA production, transport, and degradation; sample collection and processing to maximize detection rates; and applications of eDNA for conservation using citizen scientists. This body of work is an important contribution to the ongoing efforts to take eDNA detection of macroorganisms from technical breakthrough to established, reliable method that can be used in survey, monitoring, and research applications worldwide. While the rapid advances in this field are remarkable, important challenges remain, including consensus on best practices for collection and analysis, understanding of eDNA diffusion and transport, and avoidance of inhibition in sample collection and processing. Nonetheless, as demonstrated in this special issue, eDNA techniques for research and monitoring are beginning to realize their potential for contributing to the conservation of biodiversity globally. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goldberg, Caren S.; Strickler, Katherine M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Goldberg, CS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, 100 Dairy Rd, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM caren.goldberg@wsu.edu FU Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program under ESTCP [RC-201204] FX We thank Richard Primack and Karen Beard for their valuable editorial assistance and encouragement on this special issue. Many of the papers contained in this issue were part of the symposium "Detection of aquatic species using environmental DNA: an integrative new approach to inform conservation" at the 2013 International Congress for Conservation Biology. KMS and CSG were funded in part by the Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program under ESTCP Project RC-201204. We appreciate the work of all of the contributing authors as well as the many reviewers of these manuscripts. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 23 U2 121 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 183 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.040 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB8KO UT WOS:000349878700001 ER PT J AU Laramie, MB Pilliod, DS Goldberg, CS AF Laramie, Matthew B. Pilliod, David S. Goldberg, Caren S. TI Characterizing the distribution of an endangered salmonid using environmental DNA analysis SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE eDNA; Methow; Okanogan; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Spring Chinook ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WATER SAMPLES; TEMPERATURE; WASHINGTON; HATCHERY; PROGRAM; RIVER; EDNA AB Determining species distributions accurately is crucial to developing conservation and management strategies for imperiled species, but a challenging task for small populations. We evaluated the efficacy of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis for improving detection and thus potentially refining the known distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Methow and Okanogan Subbasins of the Upper Columbia River, which span the border between Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada. We developed an assay to target a 90 base pair sequence of Chinook DNA and used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify the amount of Chinook eDNA in triplicate 1-L water samples collected at 48 stream locations in June and again in August 2012. The overall probability of detecting Chinook with our eDNA method in areas within the known distribution was 0.77 (+/-0.05 SE). Detection probability was lower in June (0.62, +/-0.08 SE) during high flows and at the beginning of spring Chinook migration than during base flows in August (0.93, +/-0.04 SE). In the Methow subbasin, mean eDNA concentration was higher in August compared to June, especially in smaller tributaries, probably resulting from the arrival of spring Chinook adults, reduced discharge, or both. Chinook eDNA concentrations did not appear to change in the Okanogan subbasin from June to August. Contrary to our expectations about downstream eDNA accumulation, Chinook eDNA did not decrease in concentration in upstream reaches (0-120 km). Further examination of factors influencing spatial distribution of eDNA in lotic systems may allow for greater inference of local population densities along stream networks or watersheds. These results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of eDNA detection methods for determining landscape-level distribution of anadromous salmonids in large river systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Laramie, Matthew B.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Laramie, Matthew B.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Goldberg, Caren S.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Laramie, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mlaramie@usgs.gov; dpilliod@usgs.gov; caren.goldberg@wsu.edu FU Colville Confederated Tribes Fish & Wildlife Department (CCT FW); U.S. Geological Survey; USFWS Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Department of Defense Environmental Security Certification Program under ESTCP [RC-201204] FX Funding for this study was provided by Colville Confederated Tribes Fish & Wildlife Department (CCT F&W), U.S. Geological Survey, and the USFWS Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative. C.S. Goldberg was funded by the Department of Defense Environmental Security Certification Program under ESTCP Project RC-201204. We thank Katherine Strickler, Jim Smith, Peter Koetsier and others for their manuscript reviews. Laboratory space, equipment and training were provided by Lisette Waits & Jennifer Adams at University of Idaho Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences and Jim Smith & Kevin Feris at Boise State University Department of Biological Sciences. We are grateful for fish tissue sample contributions from Jeff Stephenson at Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station (CRITFC); Matthew Campbell (Idaho Department of Fish and Game); Brian Miller, Darin Hathaway & others at CCT F & W; Matt Cooper and Christian Smith at USFWS Abernathy Fish Technology Center. Joe Peone, John Arterburn, Keith Wolf, Brian Miller, Jennifer Panther (CCT F&W) provided data support, tissue samples and regional information. Charles Frady (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) provided regional information regarding site selection. The USFWS allowed us to collect water samples from WNFH. Jeffrey Williams (Alaska Department of Fish and Game) provided water samples from Peterson Creek and Herbert River. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 17 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 183 SI SI BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.025 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB8KO UT WOS:000349878700004 ER PT J AU McKee, AM Spear, SF Pierson, TW AF McKee, Anna M. Spear, Stephen F. Pierson, Todd W. TI The effect of dilution and the use of a post-extraction nucleic acid purification column on the accuracy, precision, and inhibition of environmental DNA samples SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE DNA-based monitoring; Real-time PCR; Quantitative PCR; PCR inhibition removal kit; Dilution ID REAL-TIME PCR; WATER SAMPLES; AMPLIFICATION; GUIDELINES; REMOVAL; SOIL AB Isolation of environmental DNA (eDNA) is an increasingly common method for detecting presence and assessing relative abundance of rare or elusive species in aquatic systems via the isolation of DNA from environmental samples and the amplification of species-specific sequences using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Co-extracted substances that inhibit qPCR can lead to inaccurate results and subsequent misinterpretation about a species' status in the tested system. We tested three treatments (5-fold and 10-fold dilutions, and spin-column purification) for reducing qPCR inhibition from 21 partially and fully inhibited eDNA samples collected from coastal plain wetlands and mountain headwater streams in the southeastern USA. All treatments reduced the concentration of DNA in the samples. However, column purified samples retained the greatest sensitivity. For stream samples, all three treatments effectively reduced qPCR inhibition. However, for wetland samples, the 5-fold dilution was less effective than other treatments. Quantitative PCR results for column purified samples were more precise than the 5-fold and 10-fold dilutions by 2.2x and 3.7x, respectively. Column purified samples consistently underestimated qPCR-based DNA concentrations by approximately 25%, whereas the directional bias in qPCR-based DNA concentration estimates differed between stream and wetland samples for both dilution treatments. While the directional bias of qPCR-based DNA concentration estimates differed among treatments and locations, the magnitude of inaccuracy did not. Our results suggest that 10-fold dilution and column purification effectively reduce qPCR inhibition in mountain headwater stream and coastal plain wetland eDNA samples, and if applied to all samples in a study, column purification may provide the most accurate relative qPCR-based DNA concentrations estimates while retaining the greatest assay sensitivity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McKee, Anna M.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Spear, Stephen F.] Orianne Soc, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Pierson, Todd W.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP McKee, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, 1770 Corp Dr Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM amckee@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Partnership (SSP); USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI); Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX Sample collection, processing, and analysis were funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Partnership (SSP), the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 183 SI SI BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.031 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB8KO UT WOS:000349878700009 ER PT J AU Klymus, KE Richter, CA Chapman, DC Paukert, C AF Klymus, Katy E. Richter, Catherine A. Chapman, Duane C. Paukert, Craig TI Quantification of eDNA shedding rates from invasive bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE eDNA; qPCR; Asian carp; Invasive species; Species detection ID ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; DIAGNOSTIC PCR; WATER SAMPLES; PLASTICITY; ABUNDANCE AB Wildlife managers can more easily mitigate the effects of invasive species if action takes place before a population becomes established. Such early detection requires sensitive survey tools that can detect low numbers of individuals. Due to their high sensitivity, environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys hold promise as an early detection method for aquatic invasive species. Quantification of eDNA amounts may also provide data on species abundance and timing of an organism's presence, allowing managers to successfully combat the spread of ecologically damaging species. To better understand the link between eDNA and an organism's presence, it is crucial to know how eDNA is shed into the environment. Our study used quantitative PCR (qPCR) and controlled laboratory experiments to measure the amount of eDNA that two species of invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) shed into the water. We first measured how much eDNA a single fish sheds and the variability of these measurements. Then, in a series of manipulative lab experiments, we studied how temperature, biomass (grams of fish), and diet affect the shedding rate of eDNA by these fish. We found that eDNA amounts exhibit a positive relationship with fish biomass, and that feeding could increase the amount of eDNA shed by ten-fold, whereas water temperature did not have an effect. Our results demonstrate that quantification of eDNA may be useful for predicting carp density, as well as densities of other rare or invasive species. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Klymus, Katy E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Richter, Catherine A.; Chapman, Duane C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Paukert, Craig] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Klymus, KE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ekate78@gmail.com OI Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU Missouri Department of Conservation, The University of Missouri; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative funds (EPA); USGS FX The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, The University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Technical assistance was provided by C. Byrd, A. Mueller, M. Pope, E. Skidmore, J. Deters, M. Anderson, N. Thompson, and M. Sun. We thank C. Goldberg, D. Pilliod and three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative funds (EPA) and USGS. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 21 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 183 SI SI BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.020 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB8KO UT WOS:000349878700010 ER PT J AU Romanach, SS McKelvy, M Suir, K Conzelmann, C AF Romanach, Stephanie S. McKelvy, Mark Suir, Kevin Conzelmann, Craig TI EverVIEW: A visualization platform for hydrologic and Earth science gridded data SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Data visualization; Environmental Decision Support Tool; Everglades; NASA World Wind; NetCDF; Spatial overlay ID EVERGLADES ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; COGNITIVE FIT; PRESENTATIONS; LESSONS; PROGRAM AB The EverVIEW Data Viewer is a cross-platform desktop application that combines and builds upon multiple open source libraries to help users to explore spatially-explicit gridded data stored in Network Common Data Form (NetCDF). Datasets are displayed across multiple side-by-side geographic or tabular displays, showing colorized overlays on an Earth globe or grid cell values, respectively. Time-series datasets can be animated to see how water surface elevation changes through time or how habitat suitability for a particular species might change over time under a given scenario. Initially targeted toward Florida's Everglades restoration planning, EverVIEW has been flexible enough to address the varied needs of large-scale planning beyond Florida, and is currently being used in biological planning efforts nationally and internationally. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Romanach, Stephanie S.; McKelvy, Mark] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Suir, Kevin; Conzelmann, Craig] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Romanach, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM sromanach@usgs.gov; mckelvym@usgs.gov; suirk@usgs.gov; conzelmannc@usgs.gov OI McKelvy, Mark/0000-0001-5465-2571; Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science FX Funding for software development was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We are grateful for comments by Leonard Pearlstine and two anonymous reviewers that helped improve this manuscript. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 76 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2014.12.004 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA CB6KM UT WOS:000349735900010 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Hagerty, MT Holland, J Gonzales, A Gee, LS Edwards, JD Wilson, D Baker, AM AF Ringler, A. T. Hagerty, M. T. Holland, J. Gonzales, A. Gee, L. S. Edwards, J. D. Wilson, D. Baker, A. M. TI The data quality analyzer: A quality control program for seismic data SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Data quality; Data metrics; Seismic Network Performance ID GLOBAL SEISMOGRAPHIC NETWORK; NOISE; PRESSURE; ERRORS AB The U.S. Geological Survey's Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL) has several initiatives underway to enhance and track the quality of data produced from ASL seismic stations and to improve communication about data problems to the user community. The Data Quality Analyzer (DQA) is one such development and is designed to characterize seismic station data quality in a quantitative and automated manner. The DQA consists of a metric calculator, a PostgreSQL database, and a Web interface: The metric calculator, SEEDscan, is a Java application that reads and processes miniSEED data and generates metrics based on a configuration file. SEEDscan compares hashes of metadata and data to detect changes in either and performs subsequent recalculations as needed. This ensures that the metric values are up to date and accurate. SEEDscan can be run as a scheduled task or on demand. The PostgreSQL database acts as a central hub where metric values and limited station descriptions are stored at the channel level with one-day granularity. The Web interface dynamically loads station data from the database and allows the user to make requests for time periods of interest, review specific networks and stations, plot metrics as a function of time, and adjust the contribution of various metrics to the overall quality grade of the station. The quantification of data quality is based on the evaluation of various metrics (e.g., timing quality, daily noise levels relative to long-term noise models, and comparisons between broadband data and event synthetics). Users may select which metrics contribute to the assessment and those metrics are aggregated into a "grade" for each station. The DQA is being actively used for station diagnostics and evaluation based on the completed metrics (availability, gap count, timing quality, deviation from a global noise model, deviation from a station noise model, coherence between co-located sensors, and comparison between broadband data and synthetics for earthquakes) on stations in the Global Seismographic Network and Advanced National Seismic System. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Holland, J.; Gee, L. S.; Wilson, D.; Baker, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Hagerty, M. T.] Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Gonzales, A.] Honeywell Technology Solut Inc, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Edwards, J. D.] Ed Craft Software Solut, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM aringler@usgs.gov OI Holland, James/0000-0002-6973-9722 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 76 BP 96 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2014.12.006 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA CB6KM UT WOS:000349735900011 ER PT J AU Miller, JJ Eackles, MS Stauffer, JR King, TL AF Miller, John J. Eackles, Michael S. Stauffer, Jay R. King, Tim L. TI Next-generation genomic shotgun sequencing indicates greater genetic variability in the mitochondria of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix relative to H-nobilis from the Mississippi River, USA and provides tools for research and detection SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Asian carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis; Mitochondrial genome; Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); Invasive ID SILVER CARP; ILLINOIS; IMPACT AB We characterized variation within the mitochondrial genomes of the invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) from the Mississippi River drainage by mapping our Next-Generation sequences to their publicly available genomes. Variant detection resulted in 338 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for H. molitrix and 39 for H. nobilis. The much greater genetic variation in H. molitrix mitochondria relative to H. nobilis may be indicative of a greater North American female effective population size of the former. When variation was quantified by gene, many tRNA loci appear to have little or no variability based on our results whereas protein-coding regions were more frequently polymorphic. These results provide biologists with additional regions of DNA to be used as markers to study the invasion dynamics of these species. C1 [Miller, John J.; Stauffer, Jay R.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, John J.; Eackles, Michael S.; King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Miller, JJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM millerjohnjames.miller@gmail.com FU Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area Invasive Species Program FX We would like to thank Duane Chapman, U.S. Geological Survey, for providing tissue samples and Joe Boland and Dave Roberson, National Cancer Institute, for providing access to the Ion Torrent Proton sequencing platform. In addition, we would like to acknowledge Jim Grazio of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Sharon Gross of the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area Invasive Species Program for funding this project. We wish to thank Dolly Coykendall for providing useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0296-3 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CB8UW UT WOS:000349908000003 ER PT J AU Miller, JJ Eackles, MS Stauffer, JR King, TL AF Miller, John J. Eackles, Michael S. Stauffer, Jay R. King, Tim L. TI Next-generation genomic shotgun sequencing indicates greater genetic variability in the mitochondria of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix relative to H. nobilis from the Mississippi River, USA and provides tools for research and detection (vol 7, pg 9, 2015) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Miller, John J.; Stauffer, Jay R.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, John J.; Eackles, Michael S.; King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Miller, JJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM millerjohnjames.miller@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 13 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0370-x PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CB8UW UT WOS:000349908000004 ER PT J AU Morrison, CL Springmann, MJ Iwanowicz, DD Wade, CM AF Morrison, C. L. Springmann, M. J. Iwanowicz, D. D. Wade, C. M. TI Development of ten microsatellite loci in the invasive giant African land snail, Achatina (=Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich, 1822 SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Achatina; Giant African land snail; Invasive species; Microsatellites ID PRIMERS AB A suite of tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci were developed for the invasive giant African land snail, Achatina (=Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich, 1822, from Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing data. Ten of the 96 primer sets tested amplified consistently in 30 snails from Miami, Florida, plus 12 individuals representative of their native East Africa, Indian and Pacific Ocean regions. The loci displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (average 5.6 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 42 %). Levels of genetic diversity were sufficient to produce unique multi-locus genotypes and detect phylogeographic structuring among regional samples. The invasive A. fulica can cause extensive damage to important food crops and natural resources, including native flora and fauna. The loci characterized here will be useful for determining the origins and tracking the spread of invasions, detecting fine-scale spatial structuring and estimating demographic parameters. C1 [Morrison, C. L.; Springmann, M. J.; Iwanowicz, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Wade, C. M.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Morrison, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cmorrison@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, Invasive Species Program FX Funding provided by the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, Invasive Species Program, and Sharon Gross. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 201 EP 202 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0332-3 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CB8UW UT WOS:000349908000053 ER PT J AU Fike, JA Oyler-McCance, SJ Zimmerman, SJ Castoe, TA AF Fike, Jennifer A. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Zimmerman, Shawna J. Castoe, Todd A. TI Development of 13 microsatellites for Gunnison Sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) using next-generation shotgun sequencing and their utility in Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Gunnison Sage-grouse; Greater Sage-grouse; Microsatellites; Centrocercus minimus; Centrocercus urophasianus AB Gunnison Sage-grouse are an obligate sagebrush species that has experienced significant population declines and has been proposed for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. In order to examine levels of connectivity among Gunnison Sage-grouse leks, we identified 13 novel microsatellite loci though next-generation shotgun sequencing, and tested them on the closely related Greater Sage-grouse. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 12. No loci were found to be linked, although 2 loci revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or evidence of null alleles. While these microsatellites were designed for Gunnison Sage-grouse, they also work well for Greater Sage-grouse and could be used for numerous genetic questions including landscape and population genetics. C1 [Fike, Jennifer A.; Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Zimmerman, Shawna J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Castoe, Todd A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Fike, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM fikej@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0336-z PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CB8UW UT WOS:000349908000056 ER PT J AU Stathakopoulos, A Riegl, BM AF Stathakopoulos, A. Riegl, B. M. TI Accretion history of mid-Holocene coral reefs from the southeast Florida continental reef tract, USA SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE SE Florida continental reef tract; Reef accretion; Holocene; Backstepping; Relict reef ID ACROPORA-PALMATA FRAMEWORK; INTERTIDAL MANGROVE PEAT; CALIBRATED C-14 DATES; SEA-LEVEL CURVE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; BEACH COUNTIES; MIAMI-DADE; ST-CROIX; TURN-OFF AB Sixteen new coral reef cores were collected to better understand the accretion history and composition of submerged relict reefs offshore of continental southeast (SE) Florida. Coral radiometric ages from three sites on the shallow inner reef indicate accretion initiated by 8,050 Cal BP and terminated by 5,640 Cal BP. The reef accreted up to 3.75 m of vertical framework with accretion rates that averaged 2.53 m kyr(-1). The reef was composed of a nearly even mixture of Acropora palmata and massive corals. In many cases, cores show an upward transition from massives to A. palmata and may indicate local dominance by this species prior to reef demise. Quantitative macroscopic analyses of reef clasts for various taphonomic and diagenetic features did not correlate well with depth/environmental-related trends established in other studies. The mixed coral framestone reef lacks a classical Caribbean reef zonation and is best described as an immature reef and/or a series of fused patch reefs; a pattern that is evident in both cores and reef morphology. This is in stark contrast to the older and deeper outer reef of the SE Florida continental reef tract. Accretion of the outer reef lasted from 10,695-8,000 Cal BP and resulted in a larger and better developed structure that achieved a distinct reef zonation. The discrepancies in overall reef morphology and size as well as the causes of reef terminations remain elusive without further study, yet they likely point to different climatic/environmental conditions during their respective accretion histories. C1 [Stathakopoulos, A.; Riegl, B. M.] Nova SE Univ, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Stathakopoulos, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM stathako@nova.edu FU NSU grant; PFRD grant; NOAA/NCCOS FX We thank numerous volunteers at the Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center who aided in various aspects of fieldwork and diving. Dr. Peter K. Swart, Monica Arienzo, Corey Schroeder, and Amel Saied at the Stable Isotope Laboratory at University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences are thanked for their assistance with XRD analyses and radiocarbon sample preparations. J. Fietzke provided U/Th ages. Beta Analytic Inc. graciously provided corrections and calendar calibrations for radiocarbon ages. This manuscript was improved considerably by thoughtful and enthusiastic comments provided by the reviewers and editors. This project was funded by NSU 2012 and 2013 PFRD grants and support to NCRI by NOAA/NCCOS. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 173 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s00338-014-1233-3 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC0MY UT WOS:000350031100022 ER PT J AU Pietruszka, AJ Heaton, DE Marske, JP Garcia, MO AF Pietruszka, Aaron J. Heaton, Daniel E. Marske, Jared P. Garcia, Michael O. TI Two magma bodies beneath the summit of Kilauea Volcano unveiled by isotopically distinct melt deliveries from the mantle SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hawai'i; Kilauea; volcano; lead isotopes; magma chamber; melt transport ID PUU OO ERUPTION; GEOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; LA REUNION; HAWAII; LAVAS; RESERVOIR; PITON; PLUME; CALDERA AB The summit magma storage reservoir of Kilauea Volcano is one of the most important components of the magmatic plumbing system of this frequently active basaltic shield-building volcano. Here we use new high-precision Pb isotopic analyses of Kilauea summit lavas-from 1959 to the active Halema'uma'u lava lake-to infer the number, size, and interconnectedness of magma bodies within the volcano's summit reservoir. From 1971 to 1982, the Pb-206/Pb-204 ratios of the lavas define two separate magma mixing trends that correlate with differences in vent location and/or pre-eruptive magma temperature. These relationships, which contrast with a single magma mixing trend for lavas from 1959 to 1968, indicate that Kilauea summit eruptions since at least 1971 were supplied from two distinct magma bodies. The locations of these magma bodies are inferred to coincide with two major deformation centers identified by geodetic monitoring of the volcano's summit region: (1) the main locus of the summit reservoir similar to 2-4 km below the southern rim of Kilauea Caldera and (2) a shallower magma body <2 km below the eastern rim of Halema'uma'u pit crater. Residence time modeling suggests that the total volume of magma within Kilauea's summit reservoir during the late 20th century (1959-1982) was exceedingly small (similar to 0.1-0.5 km(3)). Voluminous Kilauea eruptions, such as the ongoing, 32-yr old Pu'u '<(O)over bar>'(o) over bar rift eruption (>4 km(3) of lava erupted), must therefore be sustained by a nearly continuous supply of new melt from the mantle. The model results show that a minimum of four compositionally distinct, mantle-derived magma batches were delivered to the volcano (at least three directly to the summit reservoir) since 1959. These melt inputs correlate with the initiation of energetic (1959 Kilauea lki) and/or sustained (1969-1974 Mauna Ulu, 1983-present Pu'u '(O) over bar'(o) over bar and 2008-present Halema'uma'u) eruptions. Thus, Kilauea's eruptive behavior is partly tied to the delivery of new magma batches from the volcano's source region within the Hawaiian mantle plume. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pietruszka, Aaron J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pietruszka, Aaron J.; Heaton, Daniel E.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Marske, Jared P.; Garcia, Michael O.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Pietruszka, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM apietruszka@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [11-18738, 11-18741] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to A.P. (11-18738) and M.G. (11-18741). We thank L. Hale for locating lava samples and field notes from the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, and C. Thornber and T. Orr for providing the samples from the 2008 Halema'uma'u eruption. Comments on the manuscript by T. Elliott (editor), an anonymous reviewer, and especially M. Poland and C. Thornber, were greatly appreciated. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 413 BP 90 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.040 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CB8JI UT WOS:000349875300009 ER PT J AU Galbraith, HS Blakeslee, CJ Lellis, WA AF Galbraith, Heather S. Blakeslee, Carrie J. Lellis, William A. TI Behavioral responses of freshwater mussels to experimental dewatering SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE unionid; physiology; behavior; emersion ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; UNIONID MUSSELS; COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; COASTAL-PLAIN; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITIES; DROUGHT; STREAM; RIVER; BIODIVERSITY AB Understanding the effects of flow alteration on freshwater ecosystems is critical for predicting species responses and restoring appropriate flow regimes. We experimentally evaluated the effects of 3 dewatering rates on behavior of 6 freshwater mussel species in the context of water-removal rates observed in 21 Atlantic Coast rivers. Horizontal movement differed significantly among species and dewatering rates, but a significant species x dewatering interaction suggested that these factors influence movement in complex ways. Species differences in movement were evident only in controls and under slow dewatering rates, but these differences disappeared at moderate and fast dewatering rates. Burrowing behavior did not differ with respect to species identity or dewatering rate. The proportion of individuals that became stranded did not differ among species, but most individuals became stranded under low and moderate dewatering, and all individuals became stranded under fast dewatering. Mortality after stranding differed strongly among species along a gradient from 25% in Pyganodon cataracta to 92% in Alasmidonta marginata. Together, these results suggest that species behavior may differ under gradual dewatering, but all species in our study are poorly adapted for rapid dewatering. Most of the 21 rivers we assessed experienced dewatering events comparable to our moderate rate, and several experienced events comparable to our fast rate. Dewatering events that exceed the movement or survival capability of most mussel species can be expected to result in assemblage-wide impacts. Consequently, the rate of water level change may be important in refining target flow conditions for restoration. C1 [Galbraith, Heather S.; Blakeslee, Carrie J.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Lellis, William A.] US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Mission Area, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Galbraith, HS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM hgalbraith@usgs.gov; cblakeslee@usgs.gov; wlellis@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1086/679446 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB9ZV UT WOS:000349995000004 ER PT J AU Giersch, JJ Jordan, S Luikart, G Jones, LA Hauer, FR Muhlfeld, CC AF Giersch, J. Joseph Jordan, Steve Luikart, Gordon Jones, Leslie A. Hauer, F. Richard Muhlfeld, Clint C. TI Climate-induced range contraction of a rare alpine aquatic invertebrate SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Plecoptera; Zapada; environmental change; biogeography; alpine stream invertebrates; connectivity; population fragmentation; vulnerability assessment; phylogeography; DNA barcoding; Bayesian phylogenetics ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; STREAMS; BIODIVERSITY; PLECOPTERA; DIVERSITY; DISPERSAL; MIGRATION; PROGRAM; BARCODE AB Climate warming poses a serious threat to alpine-restricted species worldwide, yet few studies have empirically documented climate-induced changes in distributions. The rare stonefly, Zapada glacier (Baumann and Gaufin), endemic to alpine streams of Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, was recently petitioned for listing under the US Endangered Species Act because of climate-change-induced glacier loss, yet little was known about its current status and distribution. We resampled streams throughout the historical distribution of Z. glacier to investigate trends in occurrence associated with changes in temperature and glacial extent. The current geographic distribution of the species was assessed using morphological characteristics of adults and DNA barcoding of nymphs. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA data revealed 8 distinct clades of the genus corresponding with 7 known species from GNP, and one potentially cryptic species. Climate model simulations indicate that average summer air temperature increased (0.67-1.00 degrees C) during the study period (1960-2012), and glacial surface area decreased by approximate to 35% from 1966 to 2005. We detected Z. glacier in only 1 of the 6 historically occupied streams and at 2 new locations in GNP. These results suggest that an extremely restricted historical distribution of Z. glacier in GNP has been further reduced over the past several decades by an upstream retreat to higher, cooler sites as water temperatures increased and glacial masses decreased. More research is urgently needed to determine the status, distribution, and vulnerability of Z. glacier and other alpine stream invertebrates threatened by climate change in mountainous ecosystems. C1 [Giersch, J. Joseph; Jones, Leslie A.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Jordan, Steve] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Luikart, Gordon; Hauer, F. Richard; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Jones, Leslie A.] Univ Montana, Dept Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hauer, F. Richard] Univ Montana, Inst Ecosyst, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Giersch, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM jgiersch@usgs.gov; steve.jordan@bucknell.edu; gordon.luikart@mso.umt.edu; lajones@usgs.gov; ric.hauer@mso.umt.edu; cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GNLCC); Bucknell University Department of Biology; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DGE 1313190] FX Our study was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GNLCC), and the Bucknell University Department of Biology. LAJ was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship, grant DGE 1313190. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 12 U2 44 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1086/679490 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB9ZV UT WOS:000349995000005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Pinzon, R Ward, AS Hatch, CE Wlostowski, AN Singha, K Gooseff, MN Haggerty, R Harvey, JW Cirpka, OA Brock, JT AF Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo Ward, Adam S. Hatch, Christine E. Wlostowski, Adam N. Singha, Kamini Gooseff, Michael N. Haggerty, Roy Harvey, Judson W. Cirpka, Olaf A. Brock, James T. TI A field comparison of multiple techniques to quantify groundwater-surface-water interactions SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stream-groundwater; hyporheic exchange; transient storage; resazurin; tracers; distributed temperature sensing; DTS; heat as a tracer; electrical resistivity; hydraulic head ID TEMPERATURE SENSING DATA; TRANSIENT STORAGE MODEL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYPORHEIC ZONE; HEADWATER STREAMS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; TIME-SERIES; TRACER; EXCHANGE; RIVER AB Groundwater-surface-water (GW-SW) interactions in streams are difficult to quantify because of heterogeneity in hydraulic and reactive processes across a range of spatial and temporal scales. The challenge of quantifying these interactions has led to the development of several techniques, from centimeter-scale probes to whole-system tracers, including chemical, thermal, and electrical methods. We co-applied conservative and smart reactive solute-tracer tests, measurement of hydraulic heads, distributed temperature sensing, vertical profiles of solute tracer and temperature in the stream bed, and electrical resistivity imaging in a 450-m reach of a 3(rd)-order stream. GW-SW interactions were not spatially expansive, but were high in flux through a shallow hyporheic zone surrounding the reach. NaCl and resazurin tracers suggested different surface-subsurface exchange patterns in the upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 of the reach. Subsurface sampling of tracers and vertical thermal profiles quantified relatively high fluxes through a 10- to 20-cm deep hyporheic zone with chemical reactivity of the resazurin tracer indicated at 3-, 6-, and 9-cm sampling depths. Monitoring of hydraulic gradients along transects with MINIPOINT streambed samplers starting approximate to 40 m from the stream indicated that groundwater discharge prevented development of a larger hyporheic zone, which progressively decreased from the stream thalweg toward the banks. Distributed temperature sensing did not detect extensive inflow of ground water to the stream, and electrical resistivity imaging showed limited large-scale hyporheic exchange. We recommend choosing technique(s) based on: 1) clear definition of the questions to be addressed (physical, biological, or chemical processes), 2) explicit identification of the spatial and temporal scales to be covered and those required to provide an appropriate context for interpretation, and 3) maximizing generation of mechanistic understanding and reducing costs of implementing multiple techniques through collaborative research. C1 [Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ward, Adam S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Hatch, Christine E.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wlostowski, Adam N.; Gooseff, Michael N.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Singha, Kamini] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cirpka, Olaf A.] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany. [Brock, James T.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Gonzalez-Pinzon, R (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM gonzaric@unm.edu; adamward@indiana.edu; chatch@geo.umass.edu; adam.wlostowski@coloradostate.edu; ksingha@mines.edu; mgooseff@rams.colostate.edu; haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu; jwharvey@usgs.gov; olaf.cirpka@uni-tuebingen.de; jim.brock@dri.edu RI Ward, Adam/H-7668-2012; Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; Cirpka, Olaf/C-7178-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015; Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo/A-6877-2011 OI Ward, Adam/0000-0002-6376-0061; Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Cirpka, Olaf/0000-0003-3509-4118; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315; Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo/0000-0001-9387-6885 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0911435, EAR-0747629, EAR 08-38338, EAR-1331906, IIA-1301346, 07-53521]; Ministry of Science, Research and Arts of Baden-Wurttemberg [AZ Zu 33-721.3-2]; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig (UFZ); USGS Hydrologic Research and Development (HRD) program; National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program; CUAHSI FX We are very thankful to all of the participants of the workshop "Techniques to Quantify Stream-Groundwater Exchange and Shallow Subsurface Transport: a Hands-on Workshop" for their enthusiastic engagement with the lectures, discussions, and field and laboratory activities. Financial support for this collaborative effort was provided by the National Science Foundation through grants EAR-0911435, EAR-0747629, EAR 08-38338, EAR-1331906, and IIA-1301346 and grant 07-53521 to the Consortium for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science (CUAHSI). OAC was also supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science, Research and Arts of Baden-Wurttemberg (AZ Zu 33-721.3-2), and the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig (UFZ). JH was also supported by the USGS Hydrologic Research and Development (HRD) and National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) programs. We sincerely appreciate CUAHSI for its support and help with the logistics, the Center for Transformative Monitoring Programs (CTEMPs) for providing the FO-DTS unit for this workshop free of charge, the participation of the USGS HRD and USGS NAWQA Programs, and Elizabeth Boyer and her students at Pennsylvania State University for in-kind support and use of laboratory facilities during the workshop. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Last, we thank Aaron Packman, Scott Larned, and an anonymous referee for providing insightful comments that helped improve this manuscript. NR 81 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 106 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 139 EP 160 DI 10.1086/679738 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB9ZV UT WOS:000349995000012 ER PT J AU Stelzer, RS Scott, JT Bartsch, LA AF Stelzer, Robert S. Scott, J. Thad Bartsch, Lynn A. TI Buried particulate organic carbon stimulates denitrification and nitrate retention in stream sediments at the groundwater-surface water interface SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organic carbon; nitrogen; denitrification; groundwater-surface-water interactions; hyporheic; sediments; biogeochemistry; membrane-inlet mass spectrometry ID HYPORHEIC ZONE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; RIVER; DYNAMICS; FOREST; TRANSFORMATIONS; TERRESTRIAL; PATHWAYS; PATTERNS AB The interface between ground water and surface water in streams is a hotspot for N processing. However, the role of buried organic C in N transformation at this interface is not well understood, and inferences have been based largely on descriptive studies. Our main objective was to determine how buried particulate organic C (POC) affected denitrification and NO3- retention in the sediments of an upwelling reach in a sand-plains stream in Wisconsin. We manipulated POC in mesocosms inserted in the sediments. Treatments included low and high quantities of conditioned red maple leaves (buried beneath combusted sand), ambient sediment (sand containing background levels of POC), and a control (combusted sand). We measured denitrification rates in sediments by acetylene-block assays in the laboratory and by changes in N-2 concentrations in the field using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. We measured NO3-, NH4+, and dissolved organic N (DON) retention as changes in concentrations and fluxes along groundwater flow paths in the mesocosms. POC addition drove oxic ground water to severe hypoxia, led to large increases in dissolved organic C (DOC), and strongly increased denitrification rates and N (NO3- and total dissolved N) retention relative to the control. In situ denitrification accounted for 30 to 60% of NO3- retention. Our results suggest that buried POC stimulated denitrification and NO3- retention by producing DOC and by creating favorable redox conditions for denitrification. C1 [Stelzer, Robert S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Scott, J. Thad] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Bartsch, Lynn A.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Stelzer, RS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM stelzer@uwosh.edu; jts004@uark.edu; lbartsch@usgs.gov FU University of Wisconsin Water Resources Institute through the Wisconsin Groundwater Coordinating Council; Faculty Development Program at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh FX We are grateful for technical assistance from Jennifer Krueger and Alyssa McCumber. We thank John Campbell and Jeff Merriam at the US Forest Service for conducting the TDN analysis. This research was supported by a grant from the University of Wisconsin Water Resources Institute through the Wisconsin Groundwater Coordinating Council and a grant from the Faculty Development Program at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. We thank 2 anonymous referees, Associate Editor Scott Larned and Editor Pamela Silver for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 49 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1086/678249 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB9ZV UT WOS:000349995000013 ER PT J AU Larsen, LG Harvey, JW Maglio, MM AF Larsen, Laurel G. Harvey, Judson W. Maglio, Morgan M. TI Mechanisms of nutrient retention and its relation to flow connectivity in river-floodplain corridors SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrient retention; vegetation patch dynamics; hydrologic connectivity; patterned floodplains; differential hydrologic exchange; particulate nutrient redistribution; evapotranspiration focusing ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; TREE ISLANDS; PHOSPHORUS ACCUMULATION; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; NORTHERN EVERGLADES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ORGANIC-MATTER; PEAT ACCRETION AB Understanding heterogeneity or patchiness in the distribution of vegetation and retention of C and nutrients in river corridors is critical for setting priorities for river management and restoration. Several mechanisms of spatial differentiation in nutrient retention in river and floodplain corridors have been recognized, but few studies have distinguished their relative importance or established their role in long-term geomorphic change, nutrient retention, and connectivity with downstream systems. We evaluated the ability of 3 mechanisms (evapotranspiration focusing [EF], differential hydrologic exchange [DHE], and particulate nutrient redistribution [PNR]) to explain spatial patterns of P retention and function in the Everglades (Florida, USA). We used field measurements in sloughs and on slightly higher, more densely vegetated ridges to quantify P fluxes attributable to the 3 mechanisms. EF does not explain Everglades nutrient retention or P concentrations on ridges and in sloughs. However, DHE resulting from different periods of groundwater-surface-water connectivity across topographic elements is the primary cause of elevated P concentrations on ridges and completely explains interpatch differences in long-term P accumulation rates. With historical flow velocities, which were an order of magnitude higher than at present, PNR would have further increased the interpatch difference in long-term P retention rates nearly 2-fold. In conclusion, DHE and PNR are the dominant drivers of nutrient patchiness in the Everglades and are hypothesized to be important in P-limited river and floodplain corridors globally. C1 [Larsen, Laurel G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Larsen, Laurel G.; Harvey, Judson W.; Maglio, Morgan M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Maglio, Morgan M.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53562 USA. RP Larsen, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM laurel@berkeley.edu; jwharvey@usgs.gov; mmaglio@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU USGS National Research Program; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program; National Science Foundation [EAR-0636079]; National Park Service [F5284-08-0024] FX We thank Maarten Eppinga, Matt Cohen, Nathan de Jager, and an anonymous referee for thorough and helpful comments. This work was supported by the USGS National Research Program, USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program, the National Science Foundation (award EAR-0636079), and the National Park Service (interagency agreement F5284-08-0024). We gratefully acknowledge assistance from Jennifer O'Reilly and Leanna Westfall with laboratory analyses and field assistance from Dan Nowacki and Eddie Simonds. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 109 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 41 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 187 EP 205 DI 10.1086/680024 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB9ZV UT WOS:000349995000015 ER PT J AU Ganong, CN Small, GE Ardon, M McDowell, WH Genereux, DP Duff, JH Pringle, CM AF Ganong, Carissa N. Small, Gaston E. Ardon, Marcelo McDowell, William H. Genereux, David P. Duff, John H. Pringle, Catherine M. TI Interbasin flow of geothermally modified ground water stabilizes stream exports of biologically important solutes against variation in precipitation SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stream; geothermal; ground water; nutrient; nitrogen; phosphorus; DOC; flux; precipitation; stoichiometry; climate change; tropical ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ANNUAL NITRATE LOADS; COSTA-RICA; LA SELVA; SAMPLING FREQUENCY; WEATHERED SOILS; ORGANIC-CARBON; NUTRIENT LOADS; NEW-ZEALAND; MAJOR IONS AB Geothermally modified ground water (GMG) in tectonically active areas can be an important source of stream nutrients, and the relative importance of GMG inflows is likely to change with shifts in precipitation that are predicted to occur in response to climate change. However, few studies have quantified the influence of GMG inflows on export of biologically important solutes from watersheds across years differing in precipitation. We quantified N, soluble reactive P (SRP), and dissolved organic C (DOC) export during a year with high precipitation (6550 mm rain) and a year with average precipitation (4033 mm rain) in 2 gauged tropical streams at La Selva Biological Station in lowland Costa Rica. One stream receives extensive inputs of regional GMG, whereas the other is fed entirely by local runoff. In the stream fed only by local runoff, a 62% increase in precipitation from the dry year to the wet year led to a 68% increase in stream discharge, a 67% increase in export of SRP, DOC, dissolved organic N (DON), and NH4+, and a 91% increase in NO3- export. In contrast, in an adjacent stream where >1/3 of discharge consists of GMG, the same increase in precipitation from dry year to wet year led to a 14% increase in discharge, a 14 to 31% increase in export of NO3-, NH4+, DON, and DOC, and only a 2% increase in SRP export. We are unaware of an SRP export rate from a natural system that is higher than the export from the stream receiving interbasin flow of GMG (19 kg ha(-1) y(-1)). Our results illustrate that regional ground water, geothermally modified or not, can stabilize stream export of biologically relevant solutes and water across a varying precipitation regime. C1 [Ganong, Carissa N.; Pringle, Catherine M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Small, Gaston E.] Univ St Thomas, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Ardon, Marcelo] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Ardon, Marcelo] E Carolina Univ, North Carolina Ctr Biodivers, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [McDowell, William H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Genereux, David P.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Duff, John H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ganong, CN (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cganong1@uga.edu; gaston.small@stthomas.edu; ardonsayaom@ecu.edu; bill.mcdowell@unh.edu; genereux@ncsu.edu; jhduff@usgs.gov; cpringle@uga.edu RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Small, Gaston/0000-0002-9018-7555 FU NSF [DEB 0087248, 0108385, DEB 9528434, 0075339, 0545463, EAR 9800129, 9903243, 0049047, 0421178] FX We thank Minor Hidalgo and William Urena for assistance in the field and dedication to field sampling under arduous conditions. Laboratory analyses by Jeff Merriam and Jody Potter of the University of New Hampshire Water Quality Analysis Laboratory are gratefully acknowledged, and we are grateful to Marcia Snyder for assistance with mapping. We also thank Guest Editor Mike Gooseff and 3 anonymous referees for their feedback, which greatly improved this paper. Funding was provided by NSF DEB 0087248 and 0108385 to WHM, NSF DEB 9528434, 0075339, and 0545463 to CMP, and NSF EAR 9800129, 9903243, 0049047, and 0421178 to DPG. Fieldwork was conducted under Costa Rica MINAE permit 0142014SINAC. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 276 EP 286 DI 10.1086/679739 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB9ZV UT WOS:000349995000021 ER PT J AU Grant, EHC AF Grant, Evan H. Campbell TI Please don't misuse the museum: 'declines' may be statistical SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE availability; declines; detection probability; historic resurveys; museum data; shrinking salamanders; temporary emigration ID ESTIMATE TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ESTIMATING SURVIVAL; ROBUST DESIGN; PHENOLOGY; SIZE; CONSERVATION; PROBABILITY; COLLECTIONS; SALAMANDERS AB Detecting declines in populations at broad spatial scales takes enormous effort, and long-term data are often more sparse than is desired for estimating trends, identifying drivers for population changes, framing conservation decisions, or taking management actions. Museum records and historic data can be available at large scales across multiple decades, and are therefore an attractive source of information on the comparative status of populations. However, changes in populations may be real (e.g. in response to environmental covariates) or resulting from variation in our ability to observe the true population response (also possibly related to environmental covariates). This is a (statistical) nuisance in understanding the true status of a population. Evaluating statistical hypotheses alongside more interesting ecological ones is important in the appropriate use of museum data. Two statistical considerations are generally applicable to use of museum records: first without initial random sampling, comparison with contemporary results cannot provide inference to the entire range of a species, and second the availability of only some individuals in a population may respond to environmental changes. Changes in the availability of individuals may reduce the proportion of the population that is present and able to be counted on a given survey event, resulting in an apparent decline even when population size is stable. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 21 IS 3 BP 1018 EP 1024 DI 10.1111/gcb.12702 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB8QS UT WOS:000349896400002 ER PT J AU Lewis, TL Lindberg, MS Schmutz, JA Heglund, PJ Rover, J Koch, JC Bertram, MR AF Lewis, Tyler L. Lindberg, Mark S. Schmutz, Joel A. Heglund, Patricia J. Rover, Jennifer Koch, Joshua C. Bertram, Mark R. TI Pronounced chemical response of Subarctic lakes to climate-driven losses in surface area SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic nutrients; eutrophication; evapoconcentration; permafrost; shrinking lakes; subarctic; water chemistry ID INTERIOR ALASKA; SHALLOW LAKES; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; BOREAL FORESTS; YUKON FLATS; FIRE REGIME; FRESH-WATER; ICE COVER; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS AB Losses in lake area have been observed for several Arctic and Subarctic regions in recent decades, with unknown consequences for lake ecosystems. These reductions are primarily attributed to two climate-sensitive mechanisms, both of which may also cause changes in water chemistry: (i) increased imbalance of evaporation relative to inflow, whereby increased evaporation and decreased inflow act to concentrate solutes into smaller volumes; and (ii) accelerated permafrost degradation, which enhances sublacustrine drainage while simultaneously leaching previously frozen solutes into lakes. We documented changes in nutrients [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)] and ions (calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium) over a 25year interval in shrinking, stable, and expanding Subarctic lakes of the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Concentrations of all six solutes increased in shrinking lakes from 1985-1989 to 2010-2012, while simultaneously undergoing little change in stable or expanding lakes. This created a present-day pattern, much weaker or absent in the 1980s, in which shrinking lakes had higher solute concentrations than their stable or expanding counterparts. An imbalanced evaporation-to-inflow ratio (E/I) was the most likely mechanism behind such changes; all four ions, which behave semiconservatively and are prone to evapoconcentration, increased in shrinking lakes and, along with TN and TP, were positively related to isotopically derived E/I estimates. Moreover, the most conservative ion, chloride, increased >500% in shrinking lakes. Conversely, only TP concentration was related to probability of permafrost presence, being highest at intermediate probabilities. Overall, the substantial increases of nutrients (TN >200%, TP >100%) and ions (>100%) may shift shrinking lakes towards overly eutrophic or saline states, with potentially severe consequences for ecosystems of northern lakes. C1 [Lewis, Tyler L.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lewis, Tyler L.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schmutz, Joel A.; Koch, Joshua C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Rover, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bertram, Mark R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Lewis, TL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tllewis@alaska.edu OI Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center and Climate Effects Network; Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; George Melendez Wright Climate Change Fellowship, U.S. National Park Service FX Funding was provided by U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center and Climate Effects Network; Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; George Melendez Wright Climate Change Fellowship, U.S. National Park Service. A. Dubour, I. Isler, A. Simnor, C. Michaud, J. Rose, L. Payne, C. Parrish, M. Pfander, L. Marks, and C. Mandeville provided field assistance. J.R. Jones provided laboratory access and D. Obrecht analyzed water samples at University of Missouri-Columbia. J. Webster and A. Greenblatt provided air support. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 21 IS 3 BP 1140 EP 1152 DI 10.1111/gcb.12759 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB8QS UT WOS:000349896400012 PM 25294238 ER PT J AU Tan, ZX Liu, SG AF Tan, Zhengxi Liu, Shuguang TI Soil nutrient budgets following projected corn stover harvest for biofuel production in the conterminous United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biofuel feedstock; corn stover; minimum stover requirement; nutrient budget; soil nitrogen; soil organic carbon; soil phosphorus; soil potassium ID AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE REMOVAL; ORGANIC-CARBON; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; YIELD; CROP; FERTILIZER; BELT AB Increasing demand for food and biofuel feedstocks may substantially affect soil nutrient budgets, especially in the United States where there is great potential for corn (Zea mays L) stover as a biofuel feedstock. This study was designed to evaluate impacts of projected stover harvest scenarios on budgets of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) currently and in the future across the conterminous United States. The required and removed N, P, and K amounts under each scenario were estimated on the basis of both their average contents in grain and stover and from an empirical model. Our analyses indicate a small depletion of soil N (-4 +/- 35 kg ha(-1)) and K (-6 +/- 36 kg ha(-1)) and a moderate surplus of P (37 +/- 21 kg ha(-1)) currently on the national average, but with a noticeable variation from state to state. After harvesting both grain and projected stover, the deficits of soil N, P, and K were estimated at 114-127, 26-27, and 36-53 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, in 2006-2010; 131-173, 29-32, and 41-96 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, in 2020; and 161-207, 35-39, and 51-111 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, in 2050. This study indicates that the harvestable stover amount derived from the minimum stover requirement for maintaining soil organic carbon level scenarios under current fertilization rates can be sustainable for soil nutrient supply and corn production at present, but the deficit of P and K at the national scale would become larger in the future. C1 [Tan, Zhengxi] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci ERO, ASRC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci ERO, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci ERO, ASRC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ztan@usgs.gov OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 FU Renewable Energy-Biofuels Project of the Land Change Science Program; USGS [G13PC00028] FX This study was funded by the Renewable Energy-Biofuels Project of the Land Change Science Program. Work of Z. Tan was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-1693 EI 1757-1707 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD MAR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1111/gcbb.12139 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA CB8QI UT WOS:000349895300002 ER PT J AU Dyer, JJ Worthington, TA Brewer, SK AF Dyer, Joseph J. Worthington, Thomas A. Brewer, Shannon K. TI Response of crayfish to hyporheic water availability and excess sedimentation SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Stream drying; Fine sediment; Substrate; Land use ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; LAND-USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY; INVASIVE CRAYFISH; PIEDMONT STREAMS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH; HABITAT; QUALITY AB Crayfish in many headwater streams regularly cope with seasonal drought. However, it is unclear how landscape changes affect the long-term persistence of crayfish populations. We designed two laboratory experiments to investigate the acute effects of common landscape stressors on crayfish: water withdrawal and sedimentation. The first experiment tested the interaction among water withdrawals (four 24-h water reductions of 0, 15, 30, or 45 cm) and two substrate treatments (pebble and cobble) on the burrowing depth of crayfish. The second experiment evaluated the effects of excess fine sediment (three treatments of 0, 45, and 90% sediment) and substrate type (cobble and pebble) on crayfish burrowing depth. Crayfish were able to burrow deeper into the simulated hyporheic zone in cobble substrate when compared to pebble. Crayfish subjected to greater water withdrawals in the pebble treatment were not able to reach the simulated hyporheic zone. Excess fine sediment reduced the depth that crayfish burrowed, regardless of substrate type. Results from this study suggest excess fine sediment may reduce crayfish persistence, particularly when seeking refuge during prolonged dry conditions. C1 [Dyer, Joseph J.; Worthington, Thomas A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu RI Worthington, Thomas/N-5121-2015 OI Worthington, Thomas/0000-0002-8138-9075 FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [F11AF00031] FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Funding was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (F11AF00031). We thank Michi Tobler for the thoughtful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2015 VL 747 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10750-014-2126-8 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB9QR UT WOS:000349967400011 ER PT J AU Voss, C Currell, M AF Voss, Clifford Currell, Matthew TI Editors' Message: The 2014 Editors' Choice articles and the 2014 'Coolest Paper' award SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Editorial; Hydrogeology Journal; Editors' Choice; Coolest Paper C1 [Voss, Clifford] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Currell, Matthew] RMIT Univ, Sch Civil Environm & Chem Engn, Melbourne, Australia. RP Voss, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov; matthew.currell@rmit.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 23 IS 2 BP 215 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1237-2 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CC0PO UT WOS:000350038200001 ER PT J AU Beulig, F Heuer, VB Akob, DM Viehweger, B Elvert, M Herrmann, M Hinrichs, KU Kusel, K AF Beulig, Felix Heuer, Verena B. Akob, Denise M. Viehweger, Bernhard Elvert, Marcus Herrmann, Martina Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Kuesel, Kirsten TI Carbon flow from volcanic CO2 into soil microbial communities of a wetland mofette SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACIDIC PEAT BOG; FORMYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE SYNTHETASE; ACIDIPHILIC METHANOGEN; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; SUBSEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS; ARCHAEAL COMMUNITY; CENTRAL-EUROPE; SEQUENCE DATA; FATTY-ACIDS; GEN. NOV. AB Effects of extremely high carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on soil microbial communities and associated processes are largely unknown. We studied a wetland area affected by spots of subcrustal CO2 degassing (mofettes) with focus on anaerobic autotrophic methanogenesis and acetogenesis because the pore gas phase was largely hypoxic. Compared with a reference soil, the mofette was more acidic (Delta pH similar to 0.8), strongly enriched in organic carbon (up to 10 times), and exhibited lower prokaryotic diversity. It was dominated by methanogens and subdivision 1 Acidobacteria, which likely thrived under stable hypoxia and acidic pH. Anoxic incubations revealed enhanced formation of acetate and methane (CH4) from hydrogen (H-2) and CO2 consistent with elevated CH4 and acetate levels in the mofette soil. (CO2)-C-13 mofette soil incubations showed high label incorporations with similar to 512 ng (13)Cg (dry weight (dw)) soil(-1) d(-1) into the bulk soil and up to 10.7 ng (13)Cg (dw) soil(-1) d(-1) into almost all analyzed bacterial lipids. Incorporation of CO2-derived carbon into archaeal lipids was much lower and restricted to the first 10 cm of the soil. DNA-SIP analysis revealed that acidophilic methanogens affiliated with Methanoregulaceae and hitherto unknown acetogens appeared to be involved in the chemolithoautotrophic utilization of (CO2)-C-13. Subdivision 1 Acidobacteriaceae assimilated (CO2)-C-13 likely via anaplerotic reactions because Acidobacteriaceae are not known to harbor enzymatic pathways for autotrophic CO2 assimilation. We conclude that CO2-induced geochemical changes promoted anaerobic and acidophilic organisms and altered carbon turnover in affected soils. C1 [Beulig, Felix; Akob, Denise M.; Herrmann, Martina; Kuesel, Kirsten] Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Heuer, Verena B.; Elvert, Marcus; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, Organ Geochem Grp, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Heuer, Verena B.; Viehweger, Bernhard; Elvert, Marcus; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Akob, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Herrmann, Martina; Kuesel, Kirsten] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. RP Kusel, K (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Dornburger Str 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM Kirsten.Kuesel@uni-jena.de RI iDiv, Deutsches Zentrum/B-5164-2016; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/C-7675-2009; OI Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/0000-0002-0739-9291; Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KU1367/10-1]; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize FX We thank Xavier Prieto Mollar for assistance during lipid and stable isotope analysis; Jenny Wendt, Heike Geilmann and Martin Nowak for assistance with TOC and delta13C-TOC analysis; Alexander Schulze, Carsten Simon and Carolin Neubert for help during sampling; and Steffen Kolb and Anke Hadrich for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through grant KU1367/10-1 and through the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize to Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 60 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 9 IS 3 BP 746 EP 759 DI 10.1038/ismej.2014.148 PG 14 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA CB8AO UT WOS:000349850600018 PM 25216086 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Schueller, P Bassar, RD Nislow, KH Coombs, JA Sakrejda, K Morrissey, M Sigourney, DB Whiteley, AR O'Donnell, MJ Dubreuil, TL AF Letcher, Benjamin H. Schueller, Paul Bassar, Ronald D. Nislow, Keith H. Coombs, Jason A. Sakrejda, Krzysztof Morrissey, Michael Sigourney, Douglas B. Whiteley, Andrew R. O'Donnell, Matthew J. Dubreuil, Todd L. TI Robust estimates of environmental effects on population vital rates: an integrated capture-recapture model of seasonal brook trout growth, survival and movement in a stream network SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annual survival; Bayesian modelling; capture-mark-recapture; integrated model; movement; sensitivity; stream fish; stream network; survival ID AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; JOLLY-SEBER MODEL; ATLANTIC SALMON; MARK-RECAPTURE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; PROJECTION MODELS; UNIFIED APPROACH AB 1. Modelling the effects of environmental change on populations is a key challenge for ecologists, particularly as the pace of change increases. Currently, modelling efforts are limited by difficulties in establishing robust relationships between environmental drivers and population responses. We developed an integrated capture-recapture state-space model to estimate the effects of two key environmental drivers (stream flow and temperature) on demographic rates (body growth, movement and survival) using a long-term (11years), high-resolution (individually tagged, sampled seasonally) data set of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from four sites in a stream network. Our integrated model provides an effective context within which to estimate environmental driver effects because it takes full advantage of data by estimating (latent) state values for missing observations, because it propagates uncertainty among model components and because it accounts for the major demographic rates and interactions that contribute to annual survival. We found that stream flow and temperature had strong effects on brook trout demography. Some effects, such as reduction in survival associated with low stream flow and high temperature during the summer season, were consistent across sites and age classes, suggesting that they may serve as robust indicators of vulnerability to environmental change. Other survival effects varied across ages, sites and seasons, indicating that flow and temperature may not be the primary drivers of survival in those cases. Flow and temperature also affected body growth rates; these responses were consistent across sites but differed dramatically between age classes and seasons. Finally, we found that tributary and mainstem sites responded differently to variation in flow and temperature. Annual survival (combination of survival and body growth across seasons) was insensitive to body growth and was most sensitive to flow (positive) and temperature (negative) in the summer and fall. These observations, combined with our ability to estimate the occurrence, magnitude and direction of fish movement between these habitat types, indicated that heterogeneity in response may provide a mechanism providing potential resilience to environmental change. Given that the challenges we faced in our study are likely to be common to many intensive data sets, the integrated modelling approach could be generally applicable and useful. C1 [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Schueller, Paul; Bassar, Ronald D.; Sakrejda, Krzysztof; Morrissey, Michael; Sigourney, Douglas B.; O'Donnell, Matthew J.; Dubreuil, Todd L.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Schueller, Paul; Sakrejda, Krzysztof] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.; Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Morrissey, Michael] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. [Whiteley, Andrew R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM bletcher@usgs.gov RI Morrissey, Michael/F-3226-2010 OI Morrissey, Michael/0000-0001-6209-0177 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Conservation Cooperative; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Environmental Conservation Department of the University of Massachusetts Amherst [14] FX Many thanks to all the students and interns who have helped sample the West Brook. Partial funding was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Conservation Cooperative and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the Environmental Conservation Department of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, under project number MAS # 14. Thanks also to Jeff Falgout of the USGS Core Science Analytics and Synthesis Center in Denver CO, USA, for facilitating computer runs on the USGS computer cluster in Denver. We thank two anonymous reviewers, Dan Hocking and Will Fields, for helpful comments on a manuscript draft. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 84 IS 2 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12308 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CB9RB UT WOS:000349968700003 PM 25327608 ER PT J AU Hansen, AG Beauchamp, DA AF Hansen, Adam G. Beauchamp, David A. TI Latitudinal and photic effects on diel foraging and predation risk in freshwater pelagic ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antipredation window; diel; light; pelagic; piscivore; planktivore; predation risk; predator-prey interactions; turbidity; visual foraging ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; VISUAL PREY DETECTION; VERTICAL MIGRATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; LAKE-SUPERIOR; CHINOOK SALMON; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; PLANKTIVOROUS FISH AB 1. Clark & Levy (American Naturalist, 131, 1988, 271-290) described an antipredation window for smaller planktivorous fish during crepuscular periods when light permits feeding on zooplankton, but limits visual detection by piscivores. Yet, how the window is influenced by the interaction between light regime, turbidity and cloud cover over a broad latitudinal gradient remains unexplored. We evaluated how latitudinal and seasonal shifts in diel light regimes alter the foraging-risk environment for visually feeding planktivores and piscivores across a natural range of turbidities and cloud covers. Pairing a model of aquatic visual feeding with a model of sun and moon illuminance, we estimated foraging rates of an idealized planktivore and piscivore over depth and time across factorial combinations of latitude (0-70 degrees), turbidity (01-5 NTU) and cloud cover (clear to overcast skies) during the summer solstice and autumnal equinox. We evaluated the foraging-risk environment based on changes in the magnitude, duration and peak timing of the antipredation window. The model scenarios generated up to 10-fold shifts in magnitude, 24-fold shifts in duration and 55-h shifts in timing of the peak antipredation window. The size of the window increased with latitude. This pattern was strongest during the solstice. In clear water at low turbidity (01-05 NTU), peaks in the magnitude and duration of the window formed at 57-60 degrees latitude, before falling to near zero as surface waters became saturated with light under a midnight sun and clear skies at latitudes near 70 degrees. Overcast dampened the midnight sun enough to allow larger windows to form in clear water at high latitudes. Conversely, at turbidities 2 NTU, greater reductions in the visual range of piscivores than planktivores created a window for long periods at high latitudes. Latitudinal dependencies were essentially lost during the equinox, indicating a progressive compression of the window from early summer into autumn. Model results show that diel-seasonal foraging and predation risk in freshwater pelagic ecosystems changes considerably with latitude, turbidity and cloud cover. These changes alter the structure of pelagic predator-prey interactions, and in turn, the broader role of pelagic consumers in habitat coupling in lakes. C1 [Hansen, Adam G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hansen, AG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aghans@uw.edu FU Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship; Gerald J. Paulik Memorial Fund; Fisheries Graduate Fund; University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences FX We thank Daniel Schindler, Tim Essington and Aaron Wirsing for their valuable discussion and useful comments that improved this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship and the Gerald J. Paulik Memorial Fund and Fisheries Graduate Fund to A. Hansen, and the Worthington Endowed Professorship to D. Beauchamp, all granted by the University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 84 IS 2 BP 532 EP 544 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12295 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CB9RB UT WOS:000349968700020 PM 25266197 ER PT J AU Brown, AJ Michaels, TI Byrne, S Sun, WB Titus, TN Colaprete, A Wolff, MJ Videen, G Grund, CJ AF Brown, Adrian J. Michaels, Timothy I. Byrne, Shane Sun, Wenbo Titus, Timothy N. Colaprete, Anthony Wolff, Michael J. Videen, Gorden Grund, Christian J. TI The case for a modern multiwavelength, polarization-sensitive LIDAR in orbit around Mars SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Mars; LIDAR; Polarization; Muller matrix; Symmetry; Light scattering ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CLOUDS; MARTIAN POLAR CAPS; WATER-ICE CLOUDS; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; CO2 ICE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; LASER ALTIMETER AB We present the scientific case to build a multiple-wavelength, active, near-infrared (NIR) instrument to measure the reflected intensity and polarization characteristics of back-scattered radiation from planetary surfaces and atmospheres. We focus on the ability of such an instrument to enhance, potentially revolutionize, our understanding of climate, volatiles and astrobiological potential of modern-day Mars. Such an instrument will address the following three major science themes, which we address in this paper: Science Theme I. Surface. This would include global, night and day mapping of H2O and CO2 surface ice properties. Science Theme 2. Ice Clouds. This would including unambiguous discrimination and seasonal mapping of CO2 and H2O ice clouds. Science Theme 3. Dust Aerosols. This theme would include multiwavelength polarization measurements to infer dust grain shapes and size distributions. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Adrian J.; Michaels, Timothy I.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sun, Wenbo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Colaprete, Anthony] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Mountain View, CA USA. [Wolff, Michael J.; Videen, Gorden] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Grund, Christian J.] Lightworks LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Brown, AJ (reprint author), SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM abrown@seti.org RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 FU NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics [NNX11AP23G, NNX13AN21G]; NASA Mars Data Analysis Program [NNX11AN41G, NNX13AJ73G] FX AJB acknowledges support from two grants (NNX11AP23G and NNX13AN21G) from the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics program run by Dr. Mike Kelley and two grants from the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program (NNX11AN41G and NNX13AJ73G) administered by Dr. Mitch Schulte. We would also like to thank Jeff Applegate, Rich Dissly, Sara Tucker, Jonathan Weinberg and Carl Weimer at Ball Aerospace for their invaluable efforts on this project. NR 119 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 153 SI SI BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.10.021 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA CB8MH UT WOS:000349883200015 ER PT J AU Macias-Duarte, A Conway, CJ AF Macias-Duarte, Alberto Conway, Courtney J. TI DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES IN THE WESTERN BURROWING OWL (ATHENE CUNICULARIA HYPUGAEA) IN NORTH AMERICA FROM 1967 TO 2008 SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Burrowing Owl; Athene cunicularia; Fourier series; geographic range; logistic regression; North American Breeding Bird Survey ID RANGES; ISSUES; BIRDS AB The quantification of shifts in bird distributions in response to climate change provides an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the processes that influence species persistence. We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) to document changes in the distributional limits of the western Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) from 1967 to 2008. We used logistic regression to model presence probability (p) as a function of longitude, latitude, and year. We modeled a linear trend in logit(p) through time with slope and intercept modeled as a double Fourier series of longitude and latitude. We found that the western Burrowing Owl has experienced an intriguing southward shift in the northern half of its breeding range, contrary to what is predicted by most species niche models and what has been observed for many other species in North America. The breeding range of the Burrowing Owl has been shrinking near its northern, western, and eastern edges. Our model detected the population declines that were observed in California and eastern Washington, in locations where maps based on route-specific estimating equations had predicted significant population increases. We suggest that the northern boundary of the breeding distribution of the western Burrowing Owl has contracted southward and the southern boundary of the species' breeding distribution has expanded southward into areas of northern Mexico that were formerly used only by wintering migrants. C1 [Macias-Duarte, Alberto] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Macias-Duarte, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM alberto.macias@ues.mx FU Russell E. Train Education for Nature Program of the World Wildlife Fund; iPlant Collaborative; U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Legacy program; Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory; U.S. National Park Service; American Ornithologists' Union; University of Arizona (UA); Sonoran Joint Venture of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Silliman Memorial Research Award, TE, Inc.; UA PAN-GAS project; Wallace Research Foundation; Tinker Foundation; William A. Calder III Memorial Scholarship; International Wildlife Foundation; National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT) FX This report was made possible due to the financial support of Russell E. Train Education for Nature Program of the World Wildlife Fund, iPlant Collaborative, U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Legacy program, Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory, U.S. National Park Service, American Ornithologists' Union, The University of Arizona (UA), Sonoran Joint Venture of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Silliman Memorial Research Award, T&E, Inc., the UA PAN-GAS project, Wallace Research Foundation, Tinker Foundation, William A. Calder III Memorial Scholarship, and the International Wildlife Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. A. Macias-Duarte was a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT). G.L. Holroyd, S.R. Sheffield, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that greatly improved the paper. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 76 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CB7VO UT WOS:000349836800007 ER PT J AU Srisuwan, C Work, PA AF Srisuwan, Chatchawin Work, Paul A. TI Beach Profile Model with Size-Selective Sediment Transport. II: Numerical Modeling SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Beach profile model; Size-selective sediment transport; Sediment grain sorting; Random wave flume experiment; Cross-shore morphodynamics; Equilibrium beach profile ID NEARSHORE SANDBAR MIGRATION; BREAKING WAVES; CURRENTS AB Beach profile evolution is a dynamic phenomenon that often leads to threatening consequences such as severe beach erosion and shoreline retreat. A new comprehensive morphodynamic model is introduced in this study that includes representation of bedload and suspended size-selective sediment transport and cross-shore sediment grain-sorting models. The model is capable of simulating the changes in cross-shore bathymetry and sediment grain size composition observed under laboratory conditions for both erosive-and accretive-type equilibrium beach profiles. The new model is most advantageous for scenarios with poorly sorted sediments or sites with strong cross-shore variability in sediment grain sizes. Information on sediment size composition in the domain and its history is also provided by the new model, which can be useful for engineering, recreational, or biological considerations. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Srisuwan, Chatchawin] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand. [Work, Paul A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. [Work, Paul A.] USGS Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Srisuwan, C (reprint author), Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand. EM chatchawin.s@psu.ac.th; pwork@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X EI 1943-5460 J9 J WATERW PORT COAST JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 141 IS 2 AR 04014033 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000274 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CB8BT UT WOS:000349854000005 ER PT J AU Srisuwan, C Work, PA Karasu, S Ozolcer, IH AF Srisuwan, Chatchawin Work, Paul A. Karasu, Servet Ozolcer, Ismail Hakki TI Beach Profile Model with Size-Selective Sediment Transport. I: Laboratory Experiment and Sensitivity Study SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Beach profile evolution; Size-selective sediment transport; Sediment grain sorting; Wave flume experiment; Nearshore hydrodynamics ID OSCILLATORY SHEET FLOW; SANDBAR MIGRATION; BREAKING WAVES; GRADED SANDS; RUN-UP; EVOLUTION; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; VELOCITIES; QUASI-3D AB The response of physical models of beach profiles to random breaking waves was studied to investigate size-selective sediment transport and cross-shore profile evolution. Three types of beach profiles with different sediment mixtures were considered and subjected to waves until profiles reached equilibrium. Size-selective sediment transport was evident in the experiments, with the mean sediment size varying up to 20% along the beach profiles. Consistent coarsening and fining of the surface sediment in the experiments revealed size-selective sediment transport governed by cross-shore variations in energy dissipation, affecting important beach profile features such as sandbar structures and offshore and foreshore slopes. The theoretical basis of the transport phenomenon was described by analyzing the relationship between the transport processes and essential wave and hydrodynamic parameters obtained using a new set of numerical models. The results showed that beach profile changes and associated sediment grain sorting are most sensitive to instantaneous total water velocity and local energy flux under propagating waves. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Srisuwan, Chatchawin] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand. [Work, Paul A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. [Work, Paul A.] USGS Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Karasu, Servet] Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-53100 Rize, Turkey. [Ozolcer, Ismail Hakki] Bulent Ecevit Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-67100 Zonguldak, Turkey. RP Srisuwan, C (reprint author), Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand. EM chatchawin.s@psu.ac.th; pwork@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X EI 1943-5460 J9 J WATERW PORT COAST JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 141 IS 2 AR 04014032 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000255 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CB8BT UT WOS:000349854000001 ER PT J AU Pimiento, C Nifong, JC Hunter, ME Monaco, E Silliman, BR AF Pimiento, Catalina Nifong, James C. Hunter, Margaret E. Monaco, Eric Silliman, Brian R. TI Habitat use patterns of the invasive red lionfish Pterois volitans: a comparison between mangrove and reef systems in San Salvador, Bahamas SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Apex predator; feeding habits; isotopic niche; nursery habitat; predator-prey interactions ID INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; CORAL-REEFS; MILES; INVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT; ASSUMPTIONS; ESTUARINE; PREDATION AB The Indo-Pacific red lionfish Pterois volitans is widespread both in its native and its non-native habitats. The rapid invasion of this top predator has had a marked negative effect on fish populations in the Western Atlantic and the Caribbean. It is now well documented that lionfish are invading many tropical and sub-tropical habitats. However, there are fewer data available on the change in lionfish abundance over time and the variation of body size and diet across habitats. A recent study in San Salvador, Bahamas, found body size differences between individuals from mangrove and reef systems. That study further suggested that ontogenetic investigation of habitat use patterns could help clarify whether lionfish are using the mangrove areas of San Salvador as nurseries. The aim of the present study is to determine temporal trends in lionfish relative abundance in mangrove and reef systems in San Salvador, and to further assess whether there is evidence suggesting an ontogenetic shift from mangroves to reef areas. Accordingly, we collected lionfish from mangrove and reef habitats and calculated catch per unit effort (a proxy for relative abundance), compared body size distributions across these two systems, and employed a combination of stable isotope, stomach content, and genetic analyses of prey, to evaluate differences in lionfish trophic interactions and habitat use patterns. Our results show that populations may have increased in San Salvador during the last 4 years, and that there is a strong similarity in body size between habitats, stark differences in prey items, and no apparent overlap in the use of habitat and/or food resources. These results suggest that there is not evidence an for ontogenetic shift from mangroves to reefs, and support other studies that propose lionfish are opportunistic forages with little movement across habitats. C1 [Pimiento, Catalina; Nifong, James C.; Monaco, Eric; Silliman, Brian R.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pimiento, Catalina] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pimiento, Catalina] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Hunter, Margaret E.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Pimiento, C (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol, POB 110600, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pimientoc@ufl.edu RI Nifong, James/D-4137-2015 OI Nifong, James/0000-0003-3607-0441 NR 51 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-9565 EI 1439-0485 J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 36 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1111/maec.12114 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB7CK UT WOS:000349783500003 ER PT J AU De Graff, JV Gallegos, AJ Reid, ME LaHusen, RG Denlinger, RP AF De Graff, Jerome V. Gallegos, Alan J. Reid, Mark E. LaHusen, Richard G. Denlinger, Roger P. TI Using monitoring and modeling to define the hazard posed by the reactivated Ferguson rock slide, Merced Canyon, California SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Rock slide; Real-time monitoring; Simulation modeling; Emergency response; California ID IRREGULAR 3-DIMENSIONAL TERRAIN; GRANULAR AVALANCHES; GEOMORPHOLOGY AB Rapid onset natural disasters such as large landslides create a need for scientific information about the event, which is vital to ensuring public safety, restoring infrastructure, preventing additional damage, and resuming normal economic activity. At the same time, there is limited data available upon which to base reliable scientific responses. Monitoring movement and modeling runout are mechanisms for gaining vital data and reducing the uncertainty created about a rapid onset natural disaster. We examine the effectiveness of this approach during the 2006 Ferguson rock slide disaster, which severed California Highway 140. Even after construction of a bypass restoring normal access to the community of El Portal, CA and a major entrance to Yosemite National Park, significant scientific questions remained. The most important for the affected public and emergency service agencies was the likelihood that access would again be severed during the impending rainy season and the possibility of a landslide dam blocking flow in the Merced River. Real-time monitoring of the Ferguson rock slide yielded clear information on the continuing movement of the rock slide and its implications for emergency response actions. Similarly, simulation of runout deposits using a physically based model together with volumes and slope steepness information demonstrated the conditions necessary for a landslide dam-forming event and the possible consequences of such an event given the dimensions of potential rock slide deposits. C1 [De Graff, Jerome V.; Gallegos, Alan J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. [Reid, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [LaHusen, Richard G.; Denlinger, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP De Graff, JV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. EM jdegraff@csufresno.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAR PY 2015 VL 76 IS 2 BP 769 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1518-4 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CC4SL UT WOS:000350343600003 ER PT J AU Stewart, NL Konar, B Tinker, MT AF Stewart, Nathan L. Konar, Brenda Tinker, M. Tim TI Testing the nutritional-limitation, predator-avoidance, and storm-avoidance hypotheses for restricted sea otter habitat use in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Prey quality; Habitat complexity; Predation risk ID POPULATION DECLINES; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; KELP FORESTS; PATCH USE; ARCHIPELAGO; RISK; SELECTION; PATTERNS; LIONS; AVAILABILITY AB Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) inhabiting the Aleutian Islands have stabilized at low abundance levels following a decline and currently exhibit restricted habitat-utilization patterns. Possible explanations for restricted habitat use by sea otters can be classified into two fundamentally different processes, bottom-up and top-down forcing. Bottom-up hypotheses argue that changes in the availability or nutritional quality of prey resources have led to the selective use of habitats that support the highest quality prey. In contrast, top-down hypotheses argue that increases in predation pressure from killer whales have led to the selective use of habitats that provide the most effective refuge from killer whale predation. A third hypothesis suggests that current restricted habitat use is based on a need for protection from storms. We tested all three hypotheses for restricted habitat use by comparing currently used and historically used sea otter foraging locations for: (1) prey availability and quality, (2) structural habitat complexity, and (3) exposure to prevailing storms. Our findings suggest that current use is based on physical habitat complexity and not on prey availability, prey quality, or protection from storms, providing further evidence for killer whale predation as a cause for restricted sea otter habitat use in the Aleutian Islands. C1 [Stewart, Nathan L.; Konar, Brenda] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Long Marine Lab, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Konar, B (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 217 ONeill,POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM nlstewar@bu.edu; bhkonar@alaska.edu; ttinker@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [0647635]; Robert Byrd Research Award; Frances and Alfred Baker Memorial Scholarship in Marine Biology; Ken Turner Memorial Research Grant; Alaska Maritime Wildlife Refuge; R/V Tiglax FX We would like to thank J. A. Estes for valuable comments and logistical support during this study. Contributions from D. M. Thomas, B. P. Kelly, and M. J. Wooller contributed greatly to earlier drafts of this manuscript. Special thanks to T. Efird, M. Stewart, S. Beaudreault, and J. P. Smelter for their assistance in the field. This research was primarily funded by the National Science Foundation (to B. K., award no. 0647635). Other financial support (to N. S.) was provided by the Robert Byrd Research Award, the Frances and Alfred Baker Memorial Scholarship in Marine Biology, and the Ken Turner Memorial Research Grant. This work would not have been possible without the support of the Alaska Maritime Wildlife Refuge, the R/V Tiglax, and US Fish and Wildlife Service staff at the Adak field office. All work reported in this paper was done in compliance with US law. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2015 VL 177 IS 3 BP 645 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-3149-6 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC0NV UT WOS:000350033500003 PM 25416538 ER PT J AU Martinez, KA Gibson, DJ Middleton, BA AF Martinez, Kelsey A. Gibson, David J. Middleton, Beth A. TI Core-satellite species hypothesis and native versus exotic species in secondary succession SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Old fields; Secondary succession; Core-satellite species hypothesis; Parallel dynamics hypothesis; Exotic species ID OLD-FIELD SUCCESSION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; INVASION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SCALE; GRASSLANDS; RICHNESS AB A number of hypotheses exist to explain species' distributions in a landscape, but these hypotheses are not frequently utilized to explain the differences in native and exotic species distributions. The core-satellite species (CSS) hypothesis predicts species occupancy will be bimodally distributed, i.e., many species will be common and many species will be rare, but does not explicitly consider exotic species distributions. The parallel dynamics (PD) hypothesis predicts that regional occurrence patterns of exotic species will be similar to native species. Together, the CSS and PD hypotheses may increase our understanding of exotic species' distribution relative to natives. We selected an old field undergoing secondary succession to study the CSS and PD hypotheses in conjunction with each other. The ratio of exotic to native species (richness and abundance) was observed through 17 years of secondary succession. We predicted species would be bimodally distributed and that exotic:native species ratios would remain steady or decrease through time under frequent disturbance. In contrast to the CSS and PD hypotheses, native species occupancies were not bimodally distributed at the site, but exotic species were. The exotic:native species ratios for both richness (E:N-richness) and abundance (E:N-cover) generally decreased or remained constant throughout supporting the PD hypothesis. Our results suggest exotic species exhibit metapopulation structure in old field landscapes, but that metapopulation structures of native species are disrupted, perhaps because these species are dispersal limited in the fragmented landscape. C1 [Martinez, Kelsey A.; Gibson, David J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Martinez, KA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM kelsey.anne.martinez@gmail.com OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 FU National Science Foundation [DUE 9554807] FX Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding provided by the National Science Foundation (DUE 9554807). NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 216 IS 3 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s11258-015-0446-z PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA CB9TF UT WOS:000349975000006 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Loftus, WF AF Schofield, Pamela J. Loftus, William F. TI Non-native fishes in Florida freshwaters: a literature review and synthesis SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Population control; Effects of nonnatives; Invasive species; Pterois spp. ID INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA-VAL; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SCREENING KIT FISK; INVASIVE LIONFISH; PTEROIS-VOLITANS; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; CORAL-REEF AB Non-native fishes have been known from freshwater ecosystems of Florida since the 1950s, and dozens of species have established self-sustaining populations. Nonetheless, no synthesis of data collected on those species in Florida has been published until now. We searched the literature for peer-reviewed publications reporting original data for 42 species of non-native fishes in Florida that are currently established, were established in the past, or are sustained by human intervention. Since the 1950s, the number of non-native fish species increased steadily at a rate of roughly six new species per decade. Studies documented (in decreasing abundance): geographic location/range expansion, life- and natural-history characteristics (e.g., diet, habitat use), ecophysiology, community composition, population structure, behaviour, aquatic-plant management, and fisheries/aquaculture. Although there is a great deal of taxonomic uncertainty and confusion associated with many taxa, very few studies focused on clarifying taxonomic ambiguities of non-native fishes in the State. Most studies were descriptive; only 15 % were manipulative. Risk assessments, population-control studies and evaluations of effects of non-native fishes were rare topics for research, although they are highly valued by natural-resource managers. Though some authors equated lack of data with lack of effects, research is needed to confirm or deny conclusions. Much more is known regarding the effects of lionfish (Pterois spp.) on native fauna, despite its much shorter establishment time. Natural-resource managers need biological and ecological information to make policy decisions regarding non-native fishes. Given the near-absence of empirical data on effects of Florida non-native fishes, and the lengthy time-frames usually needed to collect such information, we provide suggestions for data collection in a manner that may be useful in the evaluation and prediction of non-native fish effects. C1 [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Loftus, William F.] Aquat Res & Commun LLC, Vero Beach, FL 32967 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pschofield@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program; Southeast Ecological Science Center FX This study was funded by the US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program and the Southeast Ecological Science Center. D. Gregoire-Lucente (USGS) provided technical assistance on many aspects of the project, for which we are grateful. We thank R. Robins, Florida Museum of Natural History, for his patience and helpfulness in accessing specimens and information from the UF collection. M. Neilson assisted us in collating many records of non-native fishes in the USGS-NAS database. The USGS (Reston) library staff was indispensable, and we are grateful for their doggedness in obtaining literature for us, often from inconvenient sources. Several of our colleagues (P. Fuller, J. Hill, J. Kline, V. Engel, C. Kolar, E. Garcia-Berthou, J. Trexler, N. Aumen) were kind enough to serve as early readers of the manuscript, and provided thoughtful, constructive comments that lead to marked improvements. Additionally, the reviews of three journal referees and the editor substantially improved the manuscript. This paper originated from discussions with J. Langston, and we are thankful for her insights and comments during the formative stages of this project. While writing this paper, we queried many (possibly all) of our colleagues who study fishes in Florida, and without exception, they were generous with their time, advice, and data. We are immensely grateful for their collegiality. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 196 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 BP 117 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9373-7 PG 29 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB6WH UT WOS:000349767000007 ER PT J AU Bowker, JD Trushenski, JT Glover, DC Carty, DG Wandelear, N AF Bowker, James D. Trushenski, Jesse T. Glover, David C. Carty, Daniel G. Wandelear, Niccole TI Sedative options for fish research: a brief review with new data on sedation of warm-, cool-, and coldwater fishes and recommendations for the drug approval process SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Anesthetic; Benzocaine; Drug approval; Eugenol; Sedative; Tricaine methanesulfonate ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; CLOVE OIL; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY; GRASS CARP; EFFICACY; ANESTHESIA; METOMIDATE; INDUCTION AB The absence of a suitable sedative allowing treated fish to be released immediately after recovery constrains research and poses a risk to fish and those handling them. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's reliance on multi-taxon datasets represents a major hurdle in the approval process. Experiments were conducted with twelve freshwater taxa to assess time to induction and recovery of fish sedated with different doses of AQUI-S 20E (10 % eugenol), Benzoak (20 % benzocaine), or MS-222 (99.5 % tricaine methanesulfonate) administered under various conditions. A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine whether sedative dose, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and fish length or weight contributed to variation in induction and recovery times. A subsequent experiment with eugenol was conducted to further assess time to sedation as a function of water temperature and sedative dose. Generally, higher doses and warmer temperatures were associated with faster inductions. Warmer temperatures were also associated with more rapid recoveries, however, high doses tended to delay recovery. Positive relationships linking estimated respiration rates and times to induction and recovery suggest the effects of temperature and body size on sedation timing may be a function of oxygen consumption. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the response of fish to chemical sedatives is primarily a function of sedative dose and water temperature, and, to a lesser extent, fish size and dissolved oxygen, not taxonomic classification. Accordingly, we suggest that as much information could be gained from a single taxon evaluated under different conditions as experiments involving multiple fishes. We recommend those establishing data requirements for fish drug approvals review these findings and consider alternative experimental designs as means of addressing regulatory requirements more efficiently and with greater rigor. C1 [Bowker, James D.; Carty, Daniel G.; Wandelear, Niccole] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Trushenski, Jesse T.] Southern Illinois Univ Carbondale, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Glover, David C.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), Southern Illinois Univ Carbondale, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Life Sci 2,Room 251, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu RI Glover, David/M-5804-2014 OI Glover, David/0000-0001-6532-1815 FU BFTC; CFAAS; UMESC; RFCRF FX We gratefully acknowledge the BFTC, CFAAS, UMESC, and RFCRF for supporting the work described herein. Specifically, we thank Molly Bowman, Curtis Crouse, Bonnie Mulligan, Franklin Woitel, John Bowzer, Brian Gause, Jeffrey Meinertz, Karina Hess, Aaron Cupp, Sue Schlies, Mike Boogaard, and Alan Johnson for their assistance with project coordination and data collection. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 BP 147 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9374-6 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CB6WH UT WOS:000349767000008 ER PT J AU Osnas, EE Hurtado, PJ Dobson, AP AF Osnas, Erik E. Hurtado, Paul J. Dobson, Andrew P. TI Evolution of Pathogen Virulence across Space during an Epidemic SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE trade-off; invasion; movement; house finch; mycoplasma ID IN-HOUSE FINCHES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; CARPODACUS-MEXICANUS; PARASITE VIRULENCE; TRANSMISSION RATE; SPATIAL SPREAD; TRADE-OFFS; POPULATION; HOST; DYNAMICS AB We explore pathogen virulence evolution during the spatial expansion of an infectious disease epidemic in the presence of a novel host movement trade-off, using a simple, spatially explicit mathematical model. This work is motivated by empirical observations of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum invasion into North American house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) populations; however, our results likely have important applications to other emerging infectious diseases in mobile hosts. We assume that infection reduces host movement and survival and that across pathogen strains the severity of these reductions increases with pathogen infectiousness. Assuming these trade-offs between pathogen virulence (host mortality), pathogen transmission, and host movement, we find that pathogen virulence levels near the epidemic front (that maximize wave speed) are lower than those that have a short-term growth rate advantage or that ultimately prevail (i.e., are evolutionarily stable) near the epicenter and where infection becomes endemic (i.e., that maximize the pathogen basic reproductive ratio). We predict that, under these trade-offs, less virulent pathogen strains will dominate the periphery of an epidemic and that more virulent strains will increase in frequency after invasion where disease is endemic. These results have important implications for observing and interpreting spatiotemporal epidemic data and may help explain transient virulence dynamics of emerging infectious diseases. C1 [Osnas, Erik E.; Dobson, Andrew P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hurtado, Paul J.] Ohio State Univ, Math Biosci Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hurtado, Paul J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Osnas, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM erik.osnas@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation (NSF)-Emerging Frontiers grant under the NSF-National Institutes of Health (NIH) Ecology of Infectious Diseases program [0622705]; Mathematical Biosciences Institute at Ohio State University (NSF Division of Mathematical Sciences) [0931642]; NIH as part of the joint NIH-NSF-USDA Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases program [R01GM085232] FX Discussion with M. Cortez, T. Day, S. Ellner, D. Hawley, J. Murray, J. Tien, and C. Torney and comments from two reviewers improved the manuscript. Work was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF)-Emerging Frontiers grant 0622705 to A. Dhondt under the NSF-National Institutes of Health (NIH) Ecology of Infectious Diseases program. P.J.H. was supported by the Mathematical Biosciences Institute at Ohio State University (NSF Division of Mathematical Sciences award 0931642). Partial support for A.P.D. was provided by NIH grant R01GM085232 as part of the joint NIH-NSF-USDA Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases program. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 44 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 185 IS 3 BP 332 EP 342 DI 10.1086/679734 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CB5NO UT WOS:000349674700005 PM 25674688 ER PT J AU Martin, TE Oteyza, JC Mitchell, AE Potticary, AL Lloyd, P AF Martin, Thomas E. Oteyza, Juan C. Mitchell, Adam E. Potticary, Ahva L. Lloyd, Penn TI Postnatal Growth Rates Covary Weakly with Embryonic Development Rates and Do Not Explain Adult Mortality Probability among Songbirds on Four Continents SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE life history; adult mortality; nest predation; nestling growth rates; incubation periods ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; NEST PREDATION; ANNUAL CYCLE; SURVIVAL; BIRDS; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; MAMMALS; SPAN AB Growth and development rates may result from genetic programming of intrinsic processes that yield correlated rates between life stages. These intrinsic rates are thought to affect adult mortality probability and longevity. However, if proximate extrinsic factors (e.g., temperature, food) influence development rates differently between stages and yield low covariance between stages, then development rates may not explain adult mortality probability. We examined these issues based on study of 90 songbird species on four continents to capture the diverse life-history strategies observed across geographic space. The length of the embryonic period explained little variation (ca. 13%) in nestling periods and growth rates among species. This low covariance suggests that the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic influences on growth and development rates differs between stages. Consequently, nestling period durations and nestling growth rates were not related to annual adult mortality probability among diverse songbird species within or among sites. The absence of a clear effect of faster growth on adult mortality when examined in an evolutionary framework across species may indicate that species that evolve faster growth also evolve physiological mechanisms for ameliorating costs on adult mortality. Instead, adult mortality rates of species in the wild may be determined more strongly by extrinsic environmental causes. C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Oteyza, Juan C.; Mitchell, Adam E.; Potticary, Ahva L.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, Dept Sci & Technol, Natl Res Fdn Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178]; US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program FX We are grateful to R. M. Callaway, R. Ton, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to M. Lakim, Sabah Parks, and the Sabah Biodiversity Centre for their help in Malaysia; G. Greeff, Eskom, and the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board in South Africa; and C. Bosque, Instituto Nacional de Parques, and Fonacit in Venezuela. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178) and the US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program. This work was conducted under University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee 059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 185 IS 3 BP 380 EP 389 DI 10.1086/679612 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CB5NO UT WOS:000349674700009 PM 25674692 ER PT J AU Byrd, K Ratliff, J Bliss, N Wein, A Sleeter, B Sohl, T Li, ZP AF Byrd, Kristin Ratliff, Jamie Bliss, Norman Wein, Anne Sleeter, Ben Sohl, Terry Li, Zhengpeng TI Quantifying climate change mitigation potential in the United States Great Plains wetlands for three greenhouse gas emission scenarios SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Wetland avoided loss; Biological carbon sequestration; Land-use land-cover change; Soil organic carbon; Woody biomass; Agricultural land value ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-USE CHANGE; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; ANCILLARY DATA SOURCES; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; MANAGEMENT IMPACTS; SEQUESTRATION; CONSERVATION; EROSION; STORAGE AB We examined opportunities for avoided loss of wetland carbon stocks in the Great Plains of the United States in the context of future agricultural expansion through analysis of land-use land-cover (LULC) change scenarios, baseline carbon datasets and biogeochemical model outputs. A wetland map that classifies wetlands according to carbon pools was created to describe future patterns of carbon loss and potential carbon savings. Wetland avoided loss scenarios, superimposed upon LULC change scenarios, quantified carbon stocks preserved under criteria of carbon densities or land value plus cropland suitability. Up to 3420 km(2) of wetlands may be lost in the region by 2050, mainly due to conversion of herbaceous wetlands in the Temperate Prairies where soil organic carbon (SOC) is highest. SOC loss would be approximately 0.20 +/- 0.15 megagrams of carbon per hectare per year (MgC ha(-1) yr(-1)), depending upon tillage practices on converted wetlands, and total ecosystem carbon loss in woody wetlands would be approximately 0.81 +/- 0.41 MgC ha(-1) yr(-1), based on biogeochemical model results. Among wetlands vulnerable to conversion, wetlands in the Northern Glaciated Plains and Lake Agassiz Plains ecoregions exhibit very high mean SOC and on average, relatively low land values, potentially creating economically competitive opportunities for avoided carbon loss. This mitigation scenarios approach may be adapted by managers using their own preferred criteria to select sites that best meet their objectives. Results can help prioritize field-based assessments, where site-level investigations of carbon stocks, land value, and consideration of local priorities for climate change mitigation programs are needed. C1 [Byrd, Kristin; Ratliff, Jamie; Wein, Anne; Sleeter, Ben] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bliss, Norman] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Sohl, Terry] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Li, Zhengpeng] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Byrd, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kbyrd@usgs.gov OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU USGS [G08PC91508] FX Work performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 EI 1573-1596 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 20 IS 3 BP 439 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s11027-013-9500-0 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB4ZM UT WOS:000349637200007 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Coblentz, WK Thomas, AL Brye, KR Brauer, DK Skinner, JV Van Brahana, J DeFauw, SL Hays, PD Moffitt, DC Robinson, JL James, TA Hickie, KA AF Sauer, Thomas J. Coblentz, Wayne K. Thomas, Andrew L. Brye, Kris R. Brauer, David K. Skinner, J. Vaughn Van Brahana, J. DeFauw, Sherri L. Hays, Phillip D. Moffitt, David C. Robinson, James L. James, Travis A. Hickie, Kevin A. TI Nutrient cycling in an agroforestry alley cropping system receiving poultry litter or nitrogen fertilizer SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Agroforestry; Poultry litter; Nutrient cycling; Eastern black walnut; Pecan; Northern red oak; Orchardgrass ID RUNOFF WATER-QUALITY; BROILER-LITTER; BLACK-WALNUT; TALL FESCUE; OZARK HIGHLANDS; MANAGEMENT; NITRATE; SOIL; USA; ORCHARDGRASS AB Optimal utilization of animal manures as a plant nutrient source should also prevent adverse impacts on water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term poultry litter and N fertilizer application on nutrient cycling following establishment of an alley cropping system with eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) trees and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). One half of a 4.25-ha site in northwestern Arkansas USA received broadcast applications of 3.9-6.7 Mg ha(-1) fresh poultry litter and the other half 50-76 kg ha(-1) N as NH4NO3 fertilizer each spring from 2001 to 2008. Macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and micronutrient (Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) concentrations in soil, forage, and tree leaf tissue were monitored along with NO3-N in soil water and groundwater. Poultry litter application resulted in significantly increased concentrations of each macronutrient except S with increases from 6.3 (N) to 121 % (P). Nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in decreased concentrations from 2.1 (N) to 60.9 % (S) for all macronutrients except Ca. Patterns of nutrient content in forage and tree leaf tissue did not generally follow patterns of soil nutrient concentrations suggesting nutrient sufficiency in most years and that climate and plant growth had a greater effect on nutrient uptake. Soil P with litter application increased 41.3 mg kg(-1) over 7 years (from 34.1 to 75.4), which may necessitate a lower litter application rate to avoid excessive P runoff. C1 [Sauer, Thomas J.] ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Coblentz, Wayne K.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Marshfield, WI USA. [Thomas, Andrew L.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Southwest Res Ctr, Mt Vernon, MO USA. [Brye, Kris R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Brauer, David K.] ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX USA. [Skinner, J. Vaughn] Univ Arkansas, Agr Expt Stn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Van Brahana, J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [DeFauw, Sherri L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ Sociol & Educ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hays, Phillip D.] US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Moffitt, David C.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Robinson, James L.] NRCS, USDA, Ft Worth, TX USA. [James, Travis A.] NRCS, USDA, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Hickie, Kevin A.] Arkansas Forestry Commiss, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.sauer@ars.usda.gov OI Hays, Phillip/0000-0001-5491-9272 FU U.S. Forest Service; Natural Resources Conservation Service FX The authors are grateful to Paul Doi, Amy Morrow, Anna Myhre, and Kevin Jensen (National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment), Nancy Wolf (Univ. of Arkansas Agricultural Diagnostics Lab), Tammy Horton (Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center), Amanda Pirani (Univ. of Arkansas, Dept. of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences) and Robert Rhein, Dr. Keith Lusby, and Dr. Dirk Philipp (Univ. of Arkansas, Dept. of Animal Science) for their assistance in completion of this study. Financial support from the U.S. Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 EI 1573-0867 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 101 IS 2 BP 167 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s10705-014-9667-0 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA CB4OB UT WOS:000349606200002 ER PT J AU Raghunandan, M Liel, AB Luco, N AF Raghunandan, Meera Liel, Abbie B. Luco, Nicolas TI Aftershock collapse vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE aftershocks; reinforced concrete moment frames; collapse; post-earthquake safety; incremental dynamic analysis ID PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; REPEATED EARTHQUAKE; DUCTILITY DEMAND; GROUND MOTIONS; STEEL FRAMES; BUILDINGS; SEQUENCES; MAINSHOCK; DAMAGE AB In a seismically active region, structures may be subjected to multiple earthquakes, due to mainshock-aftershock phenomena or other sequences, leaving no time for repair or retrofit between the events. This study quantifies the aftershock vulnerability of four modern ductile reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings in California by conducting incremental dynamic analysis of nonlinear MDOF analytical models. Based on the nonlinear dynamic analysis results, collapse and damage fragility curves are generated for intact and damaged buildings. If the building is not severely damaged in the mainshock, its collapse capacity is unaffected in the aftershock. However, if the building is extensively damaged in the mainshock, there is a significant reduction in its collapse capacity in the aftershock. For example, if an RC frame experiences 4% or more interstory drift in the mainshock, the median capacity to resist aftershock shaking is reduced by about 40%. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of different measures of physical damage observed in the mainshock-damaged buildings for predicting the reduction in collapse capacity of the damaged building in subsequent aftershocks. These physical damage indicators for the building are chosen such that they quantify the qualitative red tagging (unsafe for occupation) criteria employed in post-earthquake evaluation of RC frames. The results indicated that damage indicators related to the drift experienced by the damaged building best predicted the reduced aftershock collapse capacities for these ductile structures. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Raghunandan, Meera] RSE Associates, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Liel, Abbie B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn CEAE, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Raghunandan, M (reprint author), RSE Associates, 63 Pleasant St,Suite 300, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM meera.raghunandan@colorado.edu FU USGS; University of Colorado [G10AC00100]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794] FX Funding for this study came from a USGS cooperative agreement with the University of Colorado (Grant #G10AC00100). The authors would like to thank Oliver Boyd, Keith Porter, Hyeuk Ryu, and S. R. Uma. The aftershock analysis utilizes the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Award #CNS-0821794), the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The Janus supercomputer is operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0098-8847 EI 1096-9845 J9 EARTHQ ENG STRUCT D JI Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 44 IS 3 BP 419 EP 439 DI 10.1002/eqe.2478 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CB0JZ UT WOS:000349313300006 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CM Thogmartin, WE Radeloff, VC Plantinga, AJ Heglund, PJ Martinuzzi, S Pidgeon, AM AF Hamilton, Christopher M. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Radeloff, Volker C. Plantinga, Andrew J. . Heglund, Patricia J. Martinuzzi, Sebastian Pidgeon, Anna M. TI Change in agricultural land use constrains adaptation of national wildlife refuges to climate change SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; conservation estate; econometric modelling; land-use change ID PROTECTED AREAS; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; IMPACTS; DIVERSITY; HABITAT; POLICY AB Land-use change around protected areas limits their ability to conserve biodiversity by altering ecological processes such as natural hydrologic and disturbance regimes, facilitating species invasions, and interfering with dispersal of organisms. This paper informs USA National Wildlife Refuge System conservation planning by predicting future land-use change on lands within 25 km distance of 461 refuges in the USA using an econometric model. The model contained two differing policy scenarios, namely a 'business-as-usual' scenario and a 'pro-agriculture' scenario. Regardless of scenario, by 2051, forest cover and urban land use were predicted to increase around refuges, while the extent of range and pasture was predicted to decrease; cropland use decreased under the business-as-usual scenario, but increased under the pro-agriculture scenario. Increasing agricultural land value under the pro-agriculture scenario slowed an expected increase in forest around refuges, and doubled the rate of range and pasture loss. Intensity of land-use change on lands surrounding refuges differed by regions. Regional differences among scenarios revealed that an understanding of regional and local land-use dynamics and management options was an essential requirement to effectively manage these conserved lands. Such knowledge is particularly important given the predicted need to adapt to a changing global climate. C1 [Hamilton, Christopher M.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Pidgeon, Anna M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Plantinga, Andrew J. .] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 53 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 42 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1017/S0376892914000174 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB2LG UT WOS:000349458300002 ER PT J AU van der Burg, MP Tangen, BA AF van der Burg, Max Post Tangen, Brian A. TI Monitoring and modeling wetland chloride concentrations in relationship to oil and gas development SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian modeling; Hydraulic fracturing; Prairie Pothole Region; Produced water; Water chemistry; Williston Basin ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; ENVIRONMENTAL-ISSUES; WATER; BRINE; GROUNDWATER; MONTANA; COUNTY; SITE; USA AB Extraction of oil and gas via unconventional methods is becoming an important aspect of energy production worldwide. Studying the effects of this development in countries where these technologies are being widely used may provide other countries, where development may be proposed, with some insight in terms of concerns associated with development. A fairly recent expansion of unconventional oil and gas development in North America provides such an opportunity. Rapid increases in energy development in North America have caught the attention of managers and scientists as a potential stressor for wildlife and their habitats. Of particular concern in the Northern Great Plains of the U.S. is the potential for chloride-rich produced water associated with unconventional oil and gas development to alter the water chemistry of wetlands. We describe a landscape scale modeling approach designed to examine the relationship between potential chloride contamination in wetlands and patterns of oil and gas development. We used a spatial Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach to assess multiple models explaining chloride concentrations in wetlands. These models included effects related to oil and gas wells (e.g. age of wells, number of wells) and surficial geology (e.g. glacial till, outwash). We found that the model containing the number of wells and the surficial geology surrounding a wetland best explained variation in chloride concentrations. Our spatial predictions showed regions of localized high chloride concentrations. Given the spatiotemporal variability of regional wetland water chemistry, we do not regard our results as predictions of contamination, but rather as a way to identify locations that may require more intensive sampling or further investigation. We suggest that an approach like the one outlined here could easily be extended to more of an adaptive monitoring approach to answer questions about chloride contamination risk that are of interest to managers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [van der Burg, Max Post; Tangen, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP van der Burg, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov OI Post van der Burg, Max/0000-0002-3943-4194; Tangen, Brian/0000-0001-5157-9882 FU U.S. Geological Survey; DOI FX Our work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey with DOI on the Landscape Funding. We would like to thank Chelsea Johnson, Matt Johnson and Brett Goehner for their work in collecting water samples, numerous private landowners for granting us access to wetlands on their property and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Staff for assistance in the field. We would also like to thank Mike Ell at the North Dakota Department of Health for providing us with sampling equipment and processing our water samples. Finally, we would like to thank K. Ryberg and four anonymous reviewers for their comments on this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 150 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.028 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB3BX UT WOS:000349504300013 ER PT J AU Wittenberg, RD Jadin, RC Fenwick, AM Gutberlet, RL AF Wittenberg, Rod D. Jadin, Robert C. Fenwick, Allyson M. Gutberlet, Ronald L., Jr. TI Recovering the evolutionary history of Africa's most diverse viper genus: morphological and molecular phylogeny of Bitis (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) SO ORGANISMS DIVERSITY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Osteology; Parsimony; Snake; Systematics; Viperinae ID MISSING DATA; SERPENTES VIPERIDAE; MIXED MODELS; TRUE VIPERS; PUFF ADDER; PITVIPERS; ACCURACY; TAXA; RESPONSES; FOSSILS AB Assessing evolutionary relationships among wide-ranging species can be particularly beneficial to our understanding of speciation patterns and biogeography of taxa, with broad implications for conservation and applications for human health. Integrative phylogenetic analyses that incorporate multiple independent datasets (e.g., DNA, protein, phenotype) can resolve many problematic issues in systematics such as cryptic diversity and incongruence between datasets. Vipers in the genus Bitis are widely distributed throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa, filling a variety of ecological niches and presenting an important public health problem. However, evolutionary relationships among this medically and ecologically important genus have not been fully resolved due to inadequate taxon sampling and lack of informative characters. Here, we conduct the first phylogenetic study incorporating complete sampling of known species within the genus Bitis. Using morphological, molecular, and combined approaches under multiple criteria, we recovered many of the species groups detected by previous investigators, further validating four currently recognized subgenera. Bitis arietans and Bitis worthingtoni appear to be early-diverging, monotypic lineages, while the "big Bitis" group and the small southern African species form distinct clades. Although our study provides additional information regarding the interspecific relationships within Bitis, the placement of Bitis albanica, Bitis heraldica, and Bitis inornata remains problematic. This study enhances our understanding of the evolutionary history of species within the genus Bitis incorporating a combined evidence approach to phylogenetics. C1 [Wittenberg, Rod D.; Jadin, Robert C.; Fenwick, Allyson M.; Gutberlet, Ronald L., Jr.] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. [Wittenberg, Rod D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Crescent Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Ellsworth, NE 69340 USA. [Jadin, Robert C.] NE Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. [Fenwick, Allyson M.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. [Gutberlet, Ronald L., Jr.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. RP Jadin, RC (reprint author), NE Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. EM rod_wittenberg@fws.gov FU University of Texas at Tyler Fund for Excellence grant; East Texas Herpetological Society grant; NSF GK-12 Fellowship [DGE 0742544] FX We thank the following curators who kindly made specimens or other material under their care available to us: L.S. Ford (AMNH); N. Gilmore (ANSP); S. Rogers and J.J. Wiens (CM); A. Resetar (FMNH); J.E. Simmons, E. Greenbaum, and L. Trueb (KU); A.D. Leache, F.T. Burbrink, and J.A. McGuire (LSUMZ); J. Rosado and J. Hanken (MCZ); C. Cicero and D.B. Wake (MVZ); W.R. Branch (PEM); G. Schneider and A.G. Kluge (UMMZ); R. Reynolds, J. Poindexter III, S.W. Gotte, and R.W. McDiarmid (USNM); R. Ackley and J.A. Campbell (UTA); and J.B. Rasmussen (ZMUC). We thank A. Saunders and B. Shipley of the Denver Zoo for graciously providing us photographs of live Bitis specimens for our figures. We thank D. Killebrew, D. Pogue, N.B. Ford, and S.A. Orlofske for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. Stephen Spawls was an invaluable field companion as RDW and RLG conducted research in the southwestern forests of Ethiopia. Bill Branch graciously contributed correspondence and advice to RDW during this study. Funding for a trip to Ethiopia by RDW and RLG in search of Bitis parviocula was provided through a University of Texas at Tyler Fund for Excellence grant and an East Texas Herpetological Society grant. RCJ received funding through an NSF GK-12 Fellowship (DGE 0742544). NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 32 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-6092 EI 1618-1077 J9 ORG DIVERS EVOL JI Org. Divers. Evol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s13127-014-0185-3 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA CB0PO UT WOS:000349329000006 ER PT J AU Work, PA Haas, KA Warren, DA Elci, S AF Work, P. A. Haas, K. A. Warren, D. A. Elci, S. TI Assessment and Transport of Sediment-Bound Estuarine Contaminants SO WATER QUALITY EXPOSURE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Estuaries; Contaminant transport; Metals; Advection; diffusion; bioturbation; Munitions; Sea level rise AB Estuaries and coastal bays frequently receive anthropogenically sourced contaminants. Many of these contaminants (e.g. most metals) have low solubility and tend to sorb to sediment particles, so that sediment transport driven by fluid mechanics becomes an important part of the contaminant transport problem. The chosen strategy for mitigation of the contaminant(s) will depend on the potential for migration away from the affected region, or the build-up of concentrations within the receiving area if loading rate exceeds decay or transport rates, and the potential impact on environmental and human health both within and outside the receiving area. Two case studies are considered here in which data describing instantaneous contaminant concentrations in estuarine environments were acquired via field sampling. Both sites feature estuaries dominated by tidal forcing, with smaller, adjacent upland regions also impacted. Metals, particularly copper and lead, are the primary focus in each case. Contaminant transport processes, including diffusion, advection, and bioturbation, are treated together to develop analytical and numerical solutions for time-dependent contaminant concentrations using a spatially varying, time-dependent, effective diffusion coefficient that is influenced by local surface water flow speeds. Different initial, boundary, and loading conditions are considered to illustrate the relative importance of the various transport processes. Implications of future contaminant loading and sea level rise scenarios are demonstrated and discussed. C1 [Work, P. A.; Haas, K. A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Eng, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Warren, D. A.] Univ S Carolina, Beaufort, SC USA. [Elci, S.] Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Izmir, Urla, Turkey. RP Work, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM pwork@usgs.gov; khaas@gatech.edu; dwarren@uscb.edu; sebnemelci@iyte.edu.tr RI Elci, Sebnem/E-3735-2010 FU US Marine Corps [W31RY072216980] FX This work was funded by the US Marine Corps under contract no. W31RY072216980 to DAW and administered through the Piedmont-South Atlantic Coast Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, of which DoD is a member agency. The authors could like to acknowledge assitance from Hannuman Bull, Kemal Cambazoglu, Zafer Defne, Thomas Gay, Heidi Hammerstein, Ashley Randall, Adam Sapp, Hampton Simpkins, and Stephanie Smallegan in completing the field work and subsequent sample and data analysis. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-1658 EI 1876-1666 J9 WATER QUAL EXPOS HEA JI Water Qual. Expos. Health PD MAR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s12403-013-0101-7 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CB2HM UT WOS:000349447800002 ER PT J AU Sparling, DW Bickham, J Cowman, D Fellers, GM Lacher, T Matson, CW McConnell, L AF Sparling, Donald W. Bickham, John Cowman, Deborah Fellers, Gary M. Lacher, Thomas Matson, Cole W. McConnell, Laura TI In situ effects of pesticides on amphibians in the Sierra Nevada SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Amphibian decline; Sierra Nevada; California; Pesticides; Organochlorines; Flame retardants; Pseudacris regilla; Contaminant residues; In situ experiment ID FROG RANA-PIPIENS; RED-LEGGED FROG; POPULATION DECLINES; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; MOUNTAIN-RANGE; CENTRAL VALLEY; HYLA-REGILLA; CALIFORNIA; USA; TADPOLES AB For more than 20 years, conservationists have agreed that amphibian populations around the world are declining. Results obtained through laboratory or mesocosm studies and measurement of contaminant concentrations in areas experiencing declines have supported a role of contaminants in these declines. The current study examines the effects of contaminant exposure to amphibians in situ in areas actually experiencing declines. Early larval Pseudacris regilla were translocated among Lassen Volcanic, Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks, California, USA and caged in wetlands in 2001 and 2002 until metamorphosis. Twenty contaminants were identified in tadpoles with an average of 1.3-5.9 (maximum = 10) contaminants per animal. Sequoia National Park, which had the greatest variety and concentrations of contaminants in 2001, also had tadpoles that experienced the greatest mortality, slowest developmental rates and lowest cholinesterase activities. Yosemite and Sequoia tadpoles and metamorphs had greater genotoxicity than those in Lassen during 2001, as determined by flow cytometry. In 2001 tadpoles at Yosemite had a significantly higher rate of malformations, characterized as hemimelia (shortened femurs), than those at the other two parks but no significant differences were observed in 2002. Fewer differences in contaminant types and concentrations existed among parks during 2002 compared to 2001. In 2002 Sequoia tadpoles had higher mortality and slower developmental rates but there was no difference among parks in cholinesterase activities. Although concentrations of most contaminants were below known lethal concentrations, simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals and other stressors may have resulted in lethal and sublethal effects. C1 [Sparling, Donald W.; Cowman, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Bickham, John] Battelle Mem Inst, Houston, TX 77079 USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Life Sci 2,MS 6504, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM dsparl@siu.edu; bickhamj@battelle.org; dcowman@brazosvalleymuseum.org RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010 OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357 FU United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Division; Caesar Kleberg Chair in Wildlife Ecology at Texas AM University FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey project "The Role of Pesticides in the Decline of Amphibians in the Sierra Nevada Mountains," Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (USGS) from 2000-2003. Additional support was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Division, and the Caesar Kleberg Chair in Wildlife Ecology at Texas A&M University. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 BP 262 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s10646-014-1375-7 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CB0RI UT WOS:000349334000002 PM 25381462 ER PT J AU Jackson, AK Evers, DC Adams, EM Cristol, DA Eagles-Smith, C Edmonds, ST Gray, CE Hoskins, B Lane, OP Sauer, A Tear, T AF Jackson, Allyson K. Evers, David C. Adams, Evan M. Cristol, Daniel A. Eagles-Smith, Collin Edmonds, Samuel T. Gray, Carrie E. Hoskins, Bart Lane, Oksana P. Sauer, Amy Tear, Timothy TI Songbirds as sentinels of mercury in terrestrial habitats of eastern North America SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; Mercury; Passeriformes; Sentinel; Songbird ID SPARROWS AMMODRAMUS-NELSONI; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; METAL CONTAMINATION; MARSH SPARROWS; TREE SWALLOWS; FOOD WEBS; EXPOSURE; BIRDS AB Mercury (Hg) is a globally distributed environmental contaminant with a variety of deleterious effects in fish, wildlife, and humans. Breeding songbirds may be useful sentinels for Hg across diverse habitats because they can be effectively sampled, have well-defined and small territories, and can integrate pollutant exposure over time and space. We analyzed blood total Hg concentrations from 8,446 individuals of 102 species of songbirds, sampled on their breeding territories across 161 sites in eastern North America [geometric mean Hg concentration = 0.25 mu g/g wet weight (ww), range <0.01-14.60 mu g/g ww]. Our records span an important time period-the decade leading up to implementation of the USEPA Mercury and Air Toxics Standards, which will reduce Hg emissions from coal-fired power plants by over 90 %. Mixed-effects modeling indicated that habitat, foraging guild, and age were important predictors of blood Hg concentrations across species and sites. Blood Hg concentrations in adult invertebrate-eating songbirds were consistently higher in wetland habitats (freshwater or estuarine) than upland forests. Generally, adults exhibited higher blood Hg concentrations than juveniles within each habitat type. We used model results to examine species-specific differences in blood Hg concentrations during this time period, identifying potential Hg sentinels in each region and habitat type. Our results present the most comprehensive assessment of blood Hg concentrations in eastern songbirds to date, and thereby provide a valuable framework for designing and evaluating risk assessment schemes using sentinel songbird species in the time after implementation of the new atmospheric Hg standards. C1 [Jackson, Allyson K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jackson, Allyson K.; Evers, David C.; Adams, Evan M.; Edmonds, Samuel T.; Gray, Carrie E.; Lane, Oksana P.; Sauer, Amy] Biodivers Res Inst, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Cristol, Daniel A.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin] Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Edmonds, Samuel T.] TRC Companies Inc, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Hoskins, Bart] US EPA, New England Reg Lab, Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. RP Jackson, AK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM allyson.jackson@oregonstate.edu OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU Nature Conservancy (TNC) Rodney Johnson and Katherine Ordway Stewardship Endowment; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); National Parks Service (NPS); Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); U.S. Geological Survey; NYSERDA; USFWS FX Funding and in kind support for this synthesis project came from a variety of sources including The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Rodney Johnson and Katherine Ordway Stewardship Endowment, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Parks Service (NPS), and the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the U.S. Geological Survey. Special thanks to those people who helped secure funding, including Greg Lampman at NYSERDA, and Ken Karwowski, Ann Secord, Anne Condon and John Schmerfeld at USFWS. Many researchers contributed data or logistical support for this project, including: David Braun (Sound Science), Chris Rimmer and Kent McFarland (Vermont Center for Ecostudies), Greg Shriver (University of Delaware), Jeff Loukmas (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation), Chad Seewagen (WCS), Bill DeLuca, Bill Schuster (Black Rock Forest), Bob Mulvihill (Powdermill Avian Research Center), Mike Fowles (Army Corp of Engineers), Tom LeBlanc (Allegany State Park), Bruce Connery (Acadia National Park), Dr. Mark Ford (Fernow Experimental Forest), and Henry Caldwell (Dome Island). We are indebted to those that provided site access, including staff at Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Rachel Carson NWR, Wertheim NWR, Parker River NWR, Ninigret NWR, McKinney NWR, Great Meadows NWR, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Tonawanda Wildlife Management Area, Marine Nature Study Area and the town of Hempstead, NY, and everyone at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. R.L. Brasso and A. Condon helped revise a previous draft of this manuscript. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 BP 453 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s10646-014-1394-4 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CB0RI UT WOS:000349334000020 PM 25492585 ER PT J AU Goetz, D Miranda, LE Kroger, R Andrews, C AF Goetz, D. Miranda, L. E. Kroeger, R. Andrews, C. TI The role of depth in regulating water quality and fish assemblages in oxbow lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Fish assemblage; Water quality; Depth; Tolerance ID FLOODPLAIN LAKES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ORINOCO RIVER; CONNECTIVITY; RESTORATION; SEDIMENT; PATTERNS; HABITAT AB We evaluated water quality and fish assemblages in deep (> 3.0 m; N = 7) and shallow (< 1.5 m; N = 6) floodplain lakes in the intensively cultivated Yazoo River Basin (Mississippi, USA) using indirect gradient multivariate procedures. Shallow lakes displayed wide diel oxygen fluctuations, some reaching hypoxic/anoxic conditions for extended periods of time, high suspended solids, and extreme water temperatures. Conversely, deeper lakes were represented by higher visibility, stable oxygen levels, and cooler water temperatures. Fish assemblages in shallow lakes were dominated by tolerant, small-bodied fishes and those able to breathe atmospheric oxygen. Deeper lakes had a greater representation of predators and other large-bodied fishes. Our evaluation suggests fish assemblages are reflective of oxbow lakes water quality, which is shaped by depth. Understanding the interactions between depth, water quality, and fish assemblages may facilitate development of effective management plans for improving conditions necessary to sustain diverse fish assemblages in agriculturally dominated basins. C1 [Goetz, D.; Kroeger, R.; Andrews, C.] Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Goetz, D (reprint author), Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, 1132 Thomas Jefferson Rd, Forest, VA 24551 USA. EM dan.goetz@dgif.virginia.gov RI Miranda, Luisa/N-6353-2013 OI Miranda, Luisa/0000-0002-7553-6059 FU Mississippi Agricultural Forestry Experiment Station; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Forest and Wildlife Research Center FX We thank the Mississippi Agricultural Forestry Experiment Station, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Forest and Wildlife Research Center for their support. We also thank Seiji Miyazono and Brian Henning for their constructive reviews. Specimen collections were authorized under Mississippi State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number 08-034. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2015 VL 98 IS 3 BP 951 EP 959 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0330-z PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CA6NA UT WOS:000349029800018 ER PT J AU Viola, D McEwen, AS Dundas, CM Byrne, S AF Viola, Donna McEwen, Alfred S. Dundas, Colin M. Byrne, Shane TI Expanded secondary craters in the Arcadia Planitia region, Mars: Evidence for tens of Myr-old shallow subsurface ice SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Ices; Impact processes; Mars, climate; Mars, surface ID MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS; GROUND ICE; PEDESTAL CRATERS; AGE CONSTRAINTS; UTOPIA PLANITIA; PERCHED CRATERS; EJECTA CRATERS; NEAR-SURFACE; DEPOSITS; RICH AB A range of observations indicates widespread subsurface ice throughout the mid and high latitudes of Mars in the form of both pore-filling and excess ice. It is generally thought that this ice was recently emplaced and is not older than a hundred thousand to a few millions of years old based on ice stability and orbital-induced climate change. We analyze the distribution of subsurface ice in Arcadia Planitia, located in the northern mid latitudes, by mapping thermokarstically expanded secondary craters, providing additional evidence for extensive excess ice down to fairly low latitudes (less than 40 degrees N). We further infer the minimum age of this subsurface ice based on the ages of the four primary craters that are thought to be the source of a large portion of these secondaries, which yields estimates on the order of tens of millions of years old - much more ancient than anticipated. This estimated ancient age suggests that ice can be preserved in the shallow subsurface for long periods of time, at least in some parts of Arcadia Planitia where expanded secondary craters are especially abundant. We estimate the amount of ice lost to sublimation during crater expansion based on measurements of expanded secondary craters in HiRISE Digital Terrain Models. The loss is equivalent to a volume of ice between 140 and 360 km(3), which would correspond to a global layer of 1-2.5 mm thick. We further argue that much more ice (at least 6000 km(3)) is likely preserved beneath the un-cratered regions of Arcadia Planitia since significant loss of this excess ice would have caused extensive terrain dissection and the removal of the expanded secondary craters. Both the loss of ice due to secondary crater expansion and the presence of this ice today have implications for the martian climate. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Viola, Donna; McEwen, Alfred S.; Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Viola, D (reprint author), 1629 E Univ Blvd,Rm 324, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dviola@lpl.arizona.edu OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project FX We thank Sarah Mattson and student workers at the University of Arizona for the production of HiRISE Digital Terrain Models. Hanna Sizemore and Mikhail Kreslavsky provided detailed, constructive reviews. Funding for this research was provided by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project. NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 248 BP 190 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.032 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AZ7PR UT WOS:000348411000010 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Leonard, GJ Platz, T Tanaka, KL Kargel, JS Fairen, AG Gulick, V Baker, VR Glines, N Miyamoto, H Jianguo, Y Oguma, M AF Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. Leonard, Gregory J. Platz, Thomas Tanaka, Kenneth L. Kargel, Jeffrey S. Fairen, Alberto G. Gulick, Virginia Baker, Victor R. Glines, Natalie Miyamoto, Hideaki Jianguo, Yan Oguma, Midori TI New insights into the Late Amazonian zonal shrinkage of the martian south polar plateau SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Polar caps; Polar geology; Ices ID GLOBAL SURVEYOR DATA; LAYERED DEPOSITS; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; MARS; REGIONS; FLOW; ACCUMULATION; TOPOGRAPHY; MECHANISMS; ORIGIN AB The martian south polar plateau, Planum Australe, comprises the largest known water-ice surface deposit on the planet. Here, we present evidence for an episode of extensive polar plateau retreat during the Late Amazonian, which affected regions flanking circum-polar terrains located between Cavi Angusti and Sisyphi Montes. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Gulick, Virginia; Glines, Natalie] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Platz, Thomas] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Leonard, Gregory J.; Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Platz, Thomas] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fairen, Alberto G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gulick, Virginia] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Miyamoto, Hideaki; Oguma, Midori] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Jianguo, Yan] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Platz, Thomas/F-7539-2013; Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008 OI Platz, Thomas/0000-0002-1253-2034; FU DFG grant [PL613/2-1]; Helmholtz association; KAKENHI [23340126] FX Funding provided by NASA's NPP program to J. Alexis P. Rodriguez and by MRO HiRISE Co-Investigator funds to V.C. Gulick. T. Platz was supported by a DFG grant (PL613/2-1) and the Helmholtz association through the research alliance "Planetary Evolution and Life". HiRISE images were analyzed using HiView developed by the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona. The participation of Hideaki Miyamoto was supported by grant KAKENHI 23340126. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 248 BP 407 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.047 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AZ7PR UT WOS:000348411000028 ER PT J AU Corsi, SR De Cicco, LA Lutz, MA Hirsch, RM AF Corsi, Steven R. De Cicco, Laura A. Lutz, Michelle A. Hirsch, Robert M. TI River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Chloride; Road salt; Urbanization; Water quality trends; Aquatic toxicity ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; ROAD-SALT APPLICATION; QUALITY TRENDS; DEICING SALTS; FRESH-WATER; LAND-USE; IMPACTS; STREAMS; GROUNDWATER; USA AB Chloride concentrations in northern U.S. included in this study have increased substantially over time with average concentrations approximately doubling from 1990 to 2011, outpacing the rate of urbanization in the northern U.S. Historical data were examined for 30 monitoring sites on 19 streams that had chloride concentration and flow records of 18 to 49 years. Chloride concentrations in most studied streams increased in all seasons (13 of 19 in all seasons; 16 of 19 during winter); maximum concentrations occurred during winter. Increasing concentrations during non-deicing periods suggest that chloride was stored in hydrologic reservoirs, such as the shallow groundwater system, during the winter and slowly released in baseflow throughout the year. Streamflow dependency was also observed with chloride concentrations increasing as streamflow decreased, a result of dilution during rainfall- and snowmelt-induced high-flow periods. The influence of chloride on aquatic life increased with time; 29% of sites studied exceeded the concentration for the USEPA chronic water quality criteria of 230 mg/L by an average of more than 100 individual days per year during 2006-2011. The rapid rate of chloride concentration increase in these streams is likely due to a combination of possible increased road salt application rates, increased baseline concentrations, and greater snowfall in the Midwestern U.S. during the latter portion of the study period. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Corsi, Steven R.; De Cicco, Laura A.; Lutz, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Hirsch, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Corsi, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM srcorsi@usgs.gov; ldecicco@usgs.gov; malutz@usgs.gov; rhirsch@usgs.gov OI Lutz, Michelle/0000-0003-3968-7586; De Cicco, Laura/0000-0002-3915-9487 FU Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) [11E4WI24910031]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Support for this research was provided by the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD; 11E4WI24910031) and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Christopher Magruder, Matthew Magruder, Bre McDonald of MMSD and the many people who collected chloride data for MMSD. We thank the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and multiple Water Science Centers in the U.S. Geological Survey for providing chloride and streamflow data. We also thank Benjamin Sleeter of the USGS for providing national land cover change data, and Benjamin Siebers for providing original artwork for the Table of Contents. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 508 BP 488 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA8TZ UT WOS:000349195100052 PM 25514764 ER PT J AU Preston, TM Chesley-Preston, TL AF Preston, Todd M. Chesley-Preston, Tara L. TI Risk assessment of brine contamination to aquatic resources from energy development in glacial drift deposits: Williston Basin, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Williston Basin; Prairie Pothole Region; Energy development; Risk assessment; Water quality; Saline contamination ID GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT; OIL; MONTANA; AQUIFER AB Contamination to aquatic resources from co-produced water (brine) associated with energy development has been documented in the northeastern portion of the Williston Basin; an area mantled by glacial drift. The presence and magnitude of brine contamination can be determined using the contamination index (CI) value from water samples. Recently, the U.S. Geological Survey published a section (similar to 2.59 km(2)) level risk assessment of brine contamination to aquatic resources for Sheridan County, Montana, using oilfield and hydrogeological parameters. Our goal was to improve the Sheridan County assessment (SCA) and evaluate the use of this new Williston Basin assessment (WBA) across 31 counties mantled by glacial drift in the Williston Basin. To determine if the WBA model improved the SCA model, results from both assessments were compared to Cl values from 37 surface and groundwater samples collected to evaluate the SCA. The WBA (R-2 = 0.65) outperformed the SCA (R2 = 0.52) indicating improved model performance. Applicability across the Williston Basin was evaluated by comparing WBA results to CI values from 123 surface water samples collected from 97 sections. Based on the WBA, the majority (83.5%) of sections lacked an oil well and had minimal risk. Sections with one or more oil wells comprised low (8.4%), moderate (6.5%), or high (1.7%) risk areas. The percentage of contaminated water samples, percentage of sections with at least one contaminated sample, and the average CI value of contaminated samples increased from low to high risk indicating applicability across the Williston Basin. Furthermore, the VVBA performed better compared to only the contaminated samples (R-2 = 0.62) versus all samples (R-2 = 0.38). This demonstrates that the WBA was successful at identifying sections, but not individual aquatic resources, with an increased risk of contamination; therefore, WBA results can prioritize future sampling within areas of increased risk. (C) 2014 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Preston, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Parallel Inc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Chesley-Preston, Tara L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Preston, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Parallel Inc, 2327 Univ Way Ste 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM tmpreston@usgs.gov; tchesleypreston@usgs.gov OI Preston, Todd/0000-0002-8812-9233 FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program [4500049737] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program (Grant Number 4500049737). The authors wish to thank Jane Holzer, Scott Brown, and Tera Ryan (Montana Salinity Control) for the installation of the groundwater monitoring wells and Fred Bailey (USGS) for the collection of surface water and groundwater samples for the Sheridan County assessment Additional thanks go to Brian Tangen and Max Post van der Burg (USGS), as well as Chelsea Johnson, Brett Goehner, and Matt Johnson for collecting the surface water samples for the regional characterization of water quality in the PPR of the Williston Basin. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 508 BP 534 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.054 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA8TZ UT WOS:000349195100057 PM 25468531 ER PT J AU Miles, AK Van Vuren, DH Tsao, DC Yee, JL AF Miles, A. Keith Van Vuren, Dirk H. Tsao, Danika C. Yee, Julie L. TI Experimental enhancement of pickleweed, Suisun Bay, California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article DE experimental wetlands; pickleweed; restoration; San Francisco Bay; Sarcocornia pacifica ID SALT-MARSH; WETLAND RESTORATION; PLANT; COMPETITION; VEGETATION; NITROGEN AB As mitigation for habitat impacted by the expansion of a pier on Suisun Bay, California, two vehicle parking lots (0.36 ha and 0.13 ha) were restored by being excavated, graded, and contoured using dredged sediments to the topography or elevation of nearby wetlands. We asked if pickleweed (Sarcocornia pacifica L, [Amaranthaceae]) colonization could be enhanced by experimental manipulation on these new wetlands. Pickleweed dominates ecologically important communities at adjacent San Francisco Bay, but is not typically dominant at Suisun Bay probably because of widely fluctuating water salinity and is outcompeted by other brackish water plants. Experimental treatments (1.0-m(2) plots) included mulching with pickleweed cuttings in either the fall or the spring, tilling in the fall, or applying organic enrichments in the fall. Control plots received no treatment. Pickleweed colonization was most enhanced at treatment plots that were mulched with pickleweed in the fall. Since exotic vegetation can colonize bare sites within the early phases of restoration and reduce habitat quality, we concluded that mulching was most effective in the fall by reducing invasive plant cover while facilitating native plant colonization. C1 [Miles, A. Keith] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr East,Modoc Hall,Room 4003, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Van Vuren, Dirk H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tsao, Danika C.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, 3500 Ind Blvd, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Miles, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr East,Modoc Hall,Room 4003, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM keith_miles@usgs.gov FU U.S Navy (MIPR) [N62474-97-MPC7W05]; U.S. Geological Survey FX The U.S Navy (MIPR number N62474-97-MPC7W05) and U.S. Geological Survey supported this study. We thank M. Disney for assistance with design and field data collection, and M. Law and S. Spring who assisted in the field. Thanks also to B. Franklin, J. Hemstock, N. Roster, and R. Rugen (former members of the Naval Facilities, Engineering Field Activity West) for their foresight and support. The U.S. Navy provided the land for these restoration efforts. Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2015 VL 101 IS 2 BP 87 EP 100 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA DC3JX UT WOS:000369116700002 ER PT J AU Braun, CE Tomlinson, RE AF Braun, Clait E. Tomlinson, Roy E. TI TIMING OF HATCHING IN A MOURNING DOVE POPULATION IN TUCSON, ARIZONA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We calculated hatching dates for 2,479 immature mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) captured and banded in a suburban area of Tucson, Arizona, during 2000-2012. Hatching commenced in February and continued into late September. Frequency of hatching peaked during 21-31 May and gradually declined to the end of September. Mourning doves in the Tucson area have hatching distribution similar to those of populations in other parts of the United States. Our data show no measurable differences in length of the mourning dove breeding season among varied locations throughout the United States over a 70-year period. C1 [Braun, Clait E.] Grouse Inc, 5572 North Ventana Vista Rd, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. [Tomlinson, Roy E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87193 USA. RP Braun, CE (reprint author), Grouse Inc, 5572 North Ventana Vista Rd, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. EM sgwtp66@gmail.com NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 60 IS 1 BP 80 EP 84 DI 10.1894/EKL-10.1 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NQ UT WOS:000370893200012 ER PT J AU Cooke, M Longley, G Gibson, R AF Cooke, Maria Longley, Glenn Gibson, Randy TI SPRING ASSOCIATION AND MICROHABITAT PREFERENCES OF THE COMAL SPRINGS RIFFLE BEETLE (HETERELMIS COMALENSIS) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA; TEXAS; ELMIDAE AB The Comal Springs riffle beetle (Heterelmis comalensis) is an endangered species inhabiting springs of the Edwards Aquifer. It is known to exist only in Comal spring in Guadalupe and Comal Counties, Texas, and San Marcos spring in Caldwell and Hays counties, Texas. This species is threatened by decreased water quality and quantity. We tested the association of H. comalensis to spring openings and assessed preference for several habitat variables in an effort to describe the determinants of the narrow range of the species. To test the association of beetles with the spring outlets, we buried meter-long cotton strips over spring habitat as lures and, after 4 wk, collected adults and larvae from the strips. We found beetle abundance was highest within 20 cm of the spring outlet and decreased gradually with distance from the spring source. We tested preferences for the following variables: well water, flow, carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature, and light, using H. comalensis and Heterelmis vulnerata, a more-widespread species, as a comparison. Both species showed significant preferences for low flow, elevated CO2, temperatures similar to 238 degrees C, and darkness. They differed in that H. comalensis preferred well water while H. vulnerata did not. Based on our results, H. comalensis was found primarily in spring source habitat and preferred the water quality conditions found in these habitats. C1 [Cooke, Maria; Longley, Glenn] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Gibson, Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Cooke, M (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM mariacooke2002@gmail.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 60 IS 1 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1894/SWNAT-D-14-00017R1.1 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NQ UT WOS:000370893200020 ER PT J AU Herring, G Herring, HK Gawlik, DE AF Herring, Garth Herring, Heidi K. Gawlik, Dale E. TI Social Cues and Environmental Conditions Influence Foraging Flight Distances of Breeding Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Everglades; foraging site selection; Mycteria americana; Wood Stork ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; HABITAT SELECTION; WADING BIRDS; PREY AVAILABILITY; STRATEGIES AB The influence of both environmental conditions and social cues on the distance flown to foraging sites was examined for breeding Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) in the Florida Everglades, USA. Adult Wood Storks (n = 73) were followed in a small plane from their nesting colony to their foraging locations during the time when adult Wood Storks were incubating and feeding chicks. On average, foraging sites were close to the nesting colony (mean = 9.6 km +/- 1.1), and in shallow water (mean = 9.9 cm +/- 0.7) that was receding at a moderate rate (-0.36 cm/day +/- 0.13). Wood Storks landed at foraging sites already occupied by other white wading birds 99% of the time, with a mean flock size of 64 +/- 14 birds. Model selection identified flock size and water recession rate as the most important variables that influenced Wood Stork foraging flight distances. Distances flown to foraging sites increased with increasing flock sizes and decreased with increasing recession rates (increasing by 39% and decreasing by 18% across the observed range of data, respectively) while accounting for colony location and water depths. These findings are particularly important because they demonstrate that both social and environmental factors play critical roles in the foraging site selection process Wood Storks use during the breeding season. Further, these results in part can be linked to management activities because at least in the case of water recession rates, managers can actively influence recession rates across much of the Everglades landscape. C1 [Herring, Garth; Herring, Heidi K.; Gawlik, Dale E.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gherring@usgs.gov FU Everglades National Park; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding was provided by Everglades National Park and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We are grateful to S. Bass and T. Dean for facilitating support and sharing knowledge of wading bird ecology. R. Auringer flew all aerial following flights. J. Beerens, N. Dorn, J. Lorenz, and Z. Xie commented on earlier versions of this manuscript. Research techniques were approved by the Florida Atlantic University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol A05-31) and conducted under Everglades National Park Research Permit 2005-SCI-0004. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2015 VL 38 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1675/063.038.0105 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DE8NM UT WOS:000370892800004 ER PT J AU Irvine, KM Miller, SW Al-Chokhachy, RK Archer, EK Roper, BB Kershner, JL AF Irvine, Kathryn M. Miller, Scott W. Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. Archer, Eric K. Roper, Brett B. Kershner, Jeffrey L. TI Empirical evaluation of the conceptual model underpinning a regional aquatic long-term monitoring program using causal modelling SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive monitoring; Grazing; Heterogeneous landscapes; Long-term monitoring; Mediator; Moderator; Macroinvertebrates; Path analysis; Roads; Sedimentation ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; STREAM HABITAT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; NATURAL-RESOURCES; HEADWATER STREAMS; PREDICTIVE MODELS; SEDIMENT CRITERIA; MOUNTAIN STREAMS AB Conceptual models are an integral facet of long-term monitoring programs. Proposed linkages between drivers, stressors, and ecological indicators are identified within the conceptual model of most mandated programs. We empirically evaluate a conceptual model developed for a regional aquatic and riparian monitoring program using causal models (i.e., Bayesian path analysis). We assess whether data gathered for regional status and trend estimation can also provide insights on why a stream may deviate from reference conditions. We target the hypothesized causal pathways for how anthropogenic drivers of road density, percent grazing, and percent forest within a catchment affect instream biological condition. We found instream temperature and fine sediments in arid sites and only fine sediments in mesic sites accounted for a significant portion of the maximum possible variation explainable in biological condition among managed sites. However, the biological significance of the direct effects of anthropogenic drivers on instream temperature and fine sediments were minimal or not detected. Consequently, there was weak to no biological support for causal pathways related to anthropogenic drivers' impact on biological condition. With weak biological and statistical effect sizes, ignoring environmental contextual variables and covariates that explain natural heterogeneity would have resulted in no evidence of human impacts on biological integrity in some instances. For programs targeting the effects of anthropogenic activities, it is imperative to identify both land use practices and mechanisms that have led to degraded conditions (i.e., moving beyond simple status and trend estimation). Our empirical evaluation of the conceptual model underpinning the long-term monitoring program provided an opportunity for learning and, consequently, we discuss survey design elements that require modification to achieve question driven monitoring, a necessary step in the practice of adaptive monitoring. We suspect our situation is not unique and many programs may suffer from the same inferential disconnect. Commonly, the survey design is optimized for robust estimates of regional status and trend detection and not necessarily to provide statistical inferences on the causal mechanisms outlined in the conceptual model, even though these relationships are typically used to justify and promote the long-term monitoring of a chosen ecological indicator. Our application demonstrates a process for empirical evaluation of conceptual models and exemplifies the need for such interim assessments in order for programs to evolve and persist. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Irvine, Kathryn M.; Al-Chokhachy, Robert K.; Kershner, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Miller, Scott W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, BLM Natl Aquat Monitoring Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Archer, Eric K.; Roper, Brett B.] USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Irvine, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM kirvine@usgs.gov RI Miller, Scott/H-6548-2011 NR 104 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 50 BP 8 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.10.011 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ5MO UT WOS:000348265200002 ER PT J AU Daniel, WM Infante, DM Hughes, RM Tsang, YP Esselman, PC Wieferich, D Herreman, K Cooper, AR Wang, LZ Taylor, WW AF Daniel, Wesley M. Infante, Dana M. Hughes, Robert M. Tsang, Yin-Phan Esselman, Peter C. Wieferich, Daniel Herreman, Kyle Cooper, Arthur R. Wang, Lizhu Taylor, William W. TI Characterizing coal and mineral mines as a regional source of stress to stream fish assemblages SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Threshold analysis; Fish functional traits; Landscape influences; Game fishes; Mining; Rivers ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; VALLEY FILLS; RIVER-BASIN; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES; DATABASE AB Mining impacts on stream systems have historically been studied over small spatial scales, yet investigations over large areas may be useful for characterizing mining as a regional source of stress to stream fishes. The associations between co-occurring stream fish assemblages and densities of various "classes" of mining occurring in the same catchments were tested using threshold analysis. Threshold analysis identifies the point at which fish assemblages change substantially from best available habitat conditions with increasing disturbance. As this occurred over large regions, species comprising fish assemblages were represented by various functional traits as well as other measures of interest to management (characterizing reproductive ecology and life history, habitat preferences, trophic ecology, assemblage diversity and evenness, tolerance to anthropogenic disturbance and state-recognized game species). We used two threshold detection methods: change-point analysis with indicator analysis and piecewise linear regression. We accepted only those thresholds that were highly statistically significant (p <= 0.01) for both techniques and overlapped within <5% error. We found consistent, wedge-shaped declines in multiple fish metrics with increasing levels of mining in catchments, suggesting mines are a regional source of disturbance. Threshold responses were consistent across the three ecoregions occurring at low mine densities. For 47.2% of the significant thresholds, a density of only <= 0.01 mines/km(2) caused a threshold response. In fact, at least 25% of streams in each of our three study ecoregions have mine densities in their catchments with the potential to affect fish assemblages. Compared to other anthropogenic impacts assessed over large areas (agriculture, impervious surface or urban land use), mining had a more pronounced and consistent impact on fish assemblages. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Daniel, Wesley M.; Infante, Dana M.; Tsang, Yin-Phan; Wieferich, Daniel; Herreman, Kyle; Cooper, Arthur R.; Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Esselman, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Esselman, Peter C.] Michigan State Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wang, Lizhu] Int Joint Commiss Great Lakes Reg Off, Detroit, MI 48232 USA. RP Daniel, WM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM Danielwe@msu.edu; infanted@anr.msu.edu; hughes.bob@amnisopes.com; tsangyp@msu.edu; pesselman@usgs.gov; Danielwe@msu.edu; kyle.herreman@gmail.com; coopera6@msu.edu; wangl@windsor.ijc.org; taylorw@anr.msu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We first wish to acknowledge the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey for funding this effort. Next, we acknowledge members of National Fish Habitat Partnership's Science and Data Committee co-chaired by Andrea Ostroff (U.S. Geological Survey, USGS) and Gary Whelan (Michigan Department of Natural Resources, MIDNR) who supported this research. We like to thank Kenneth M. Brown (Louisiana State University) for his review of this work. We wish to acknowledge the following individuals that contributed to the creation of the game fish metric: Evan Shields (Michigan State University, MSU), Darren Thornbrugh (MSU), Jim McKenna (USGS) and Cecil Rich (Alaska Department of Fish and Game). We also would like to acknowledge the analytical consultation of Kevin Wehrly (MIDNR) and Michael Kaller (Louisiana State University). The following organizations also made substantive contributions to the effort: Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership, Rushing Rivers Institute, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Department of Conservation, Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership, Kentucky Department for Fish and Wildlife, Kentucky Division of Water, Oklahoma Conservation Commission, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Massachusetts Department of Fish and Wildlife, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, North Carolina Division of Water Quality, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission and Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 50 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.10.018 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ5MO UT WOS:000348265200006 ER PT J AU Gara, BD Stapanian, MA AF Gara, Brian D. Stapanian, Martin A. TI A candidate vegetation index of biological integrity based on species dominance and habitat fidelity SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Wetland; Vegetation; Index of biological integrity; Diversity; Dominance AB Indices of biological integrity of wetlands based on vascular plants (VIBIs) have been developed in many areas of the USA and are used in some states to make critical management decisions. An underlying concept of all VIBIs is that they respond negatively to disturbance. The Ohio VIBI (OVIBI) is calculated from 10 metrics, which are different for each wetland vegetation class. We present a candidate vegetation index of biotic integrity based on floristic quality (VIBI-FQ) that requires only two metrics to calculate an overall score regardless of vegetation class. These metrics focus equally on the critical ecosystem elements of diversity and dominance as related to a species' degree of fidelity to habitat requirements. The indices were highly correlated but varied among vegetation classes. Both indices responded negatively with a published index of wetland disturbance in 261 Ohio wetlands. Unlike VIBI-FQ however, errors in classifying wetland vegetation may lead to errors in calculating OVIBI scores. This is especially critical when assessing the ecological condition of rapidly developing ecosystems typically associated with wetland restoration and creation projects. Compared to OVIBI, the VIBI-FQ requires less field work, is much simpler to calculate and interpret, and can potentially be applied to all habitat types. This candidate index, which has been "standardized" across habitats, would make it easier to prioritize funding because it would score the "best" and "worst" of all habitats appropriately and allow for objective comparison across different vegetation classes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gara, Brian D.] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 50 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.10.029 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ5MO UT WOS:000348265200022 ER PT J AU Ewing, SA Paces, JB O'Donnell, JA Jorgenson, MT Kanevskiy, MZ Aiken, GR Shur, Y Harden, JW Striegl, R AF Ewing, S. A. Paces, J. B. O'Donnell, J. A. Jorgenson, M. T. Kanevskiy, M. Z. Aiken, G. R. Shur, Y. Harden, J. W. Striegl, R. TI Uranium isotopes and dissolved organic carbon in loess permafrost: Modeling the age of ancient ice SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BOREAL CATCHMENT UNDERLAIN; CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEM; LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; ARCTIC TUNDRA SOILS; U-SERIES NUCLIDES; INTERIOR ALASKA; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EASTERN BERINGIA AB The residence time of ice in permafrost is an indicator of past climate history, and of the resilience and vulnerability of high-latitude ecosystems to global change. Development of geochemical indicators of ground-ice residence times in permafrost will advance understanding of the circumstances and evidence of permafrost formation, preservation, and thaw in response to climate warming and other disturbance. We used uranium isotopes to evaluate the residence time of segregated ground ice from ice-rich loess permafrost cores in central Alaska. Activity ratios of U-234 vs. U-238 (U-234/U-238) in water from thawed core sections ranged between 1.163 and 1.904 due to contact of ice and associated liquid water with mineral surfaces over time. Measured (U-234/U-238) values in ground ice showed an overall increase with depth in a series of five neighboring cores up to 21 m deep. This is consistent with increasing residence time of ice with depth as a result of accumulation of loess over time, as well as characteristic ice morphologies, high segregated ice content, and wedge ice, all of which support an interpretation of syngenetic permafrost formation associated with loess deposition. At the same time, stratigraphic evidence indicates some past sediment redistribution and possibly shallow thaw among cores, with local mixing of aged thaw waters. Using measures of surface area and a leaching experiment to determine U distribution, a geometric model of (U-234/U-238) evolution suggests mean ages of up to similar to 200 ky BP in the deepest core, with estimated uncertainties of up to an order of magnitude. Evidence of secondary coatings on loess grains with elevated (U-234/U-238) values and U concentrations suggests that refinement of the geometric model to account for weathering processes is needed to reduce uncertainty. We suggest that in this area of deep ice-rich loess permafrost, ice bodies have been preserved from the last glacial period (10-100 ky BP), despite subsequent fluctuations in climate, fire disturbance and vegetation. Radiocarbon (C-14) analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in thaw waters supports ages greater than similar to 40 ky BP below 10 m. DOC concentrations in thaw waters increased with depth to maxima of >1000 ppm, despite little change in ice content or cryostructures. These relations suggest time-dependent production of old DOC that will be released upon permafrost thaw at a rate that is mediated by sediment transport, among other factors. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ewing, S. A.; O'Donnell, J. A.; Aiken, G. R.; Striegl, R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ewing, S. A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Paces, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [O'Donnell, J. A.; Kanevskiy, M. Z.; Shur, Y.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [O'Donnell, J. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Jorgenson, M. T.] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ewing, SA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept LRES, 334 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM stephanie.ewing@montana.edu FU USGS climate program; NSF Carbon-Water program (NSF) [0630319]; Montana State University Vice President of Research FX We thank Joshua Koch for ongoing discussion and review of the manuscript. We also thank Leonid Neymark for useful discussion and insight, Kenna Butler for fast and excellent DOC analysis, David Butman and Peter Raymond for DOC-14C analysis, Paul Schuster and Kathy Kelsey for IC analysis, Tom Oliver for ICP analysis, Merith Reheis and Harland Goldstein for particle size analysis, and Kyungsoo Yoo for surface area analysis. Funding for this work was provided by the USGS climate program, the NSF Carbon-Water program (NSF EAR No. 0630319), and the Montana State University Vice President of Research. We thank six anonymous reviewers for detailed and insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 107 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 152 BP 143 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.11.008 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CA2TH UT WOS:000348760100008 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Kus, J AF Hackley, Paul C. Kus, Jolanta TI Thermal maturity of Tasmanites microfossils from confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Laser confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy; Thermal maturity; Tasmanites; Devonian shale; Appalachian Basin ID SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; APPALACHIAN BASIN; OIL SHALES; ALGAE; BIOMARKERS; INSIGHTS; COAL AB We report here, for the first time, spectral properties of Tasmanites microfossils determined by confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSM, using Ar 458 nm excitation). The Tasmanites occur in a well-characterized natural maturation sequence (R-0 0.48-0.74%) of Devonian shale (n = 3 samples) from the Appalachian Basin. Spectral property lambda(max) shows excellent agreement (r(2) = 0.99) with extant spectra from interlaboratory studies which used conventional fluorescence microscopy techniques. This result suggests spectral measurements from CLSM can be used to infer thermal maturity of fluorescent organic materials in geologic samples. Spectra of regions with high fluorescence intensity at fold apices and flanks in individual Tasmanites are blue-shifted relative to less-deformed areas in the same body that have lower fluorescence intensity. This is interpreted to result from decreased quenching moiety concentration at these locations, and indicates caution is needed in the selection of measurement regions in conventional fluorescence microscopy, where it is common practice to select high intensity regions for improved signal intensity and better signal to noise ratios. This study also documents application of CLSM to microstructural characterization of Tasmanites microfossils. Finally, based on an extant empirical relation between conventional lambda(max) values and bitumen reflectance, lambda(max) values from CLSM of Tasmanites microfossils can be used to calculate a bitumen reflectance equivalent value. The results presented herein can be used as a basis to broaden the future application of CLSM in the geological sciences into hydrocarbon prospecting and basin analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kus, Jolanta] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources Geochem Energy Re, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources FX Bob Ryder of USGS contributed the samples used for this study. Reviews by Robert C. Burruss of USGS and an anonymous journal reviewer benefitted the paper. The prior study by Carla Araujo of Petrobras and her colleagues laid the foundation for this work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names herein is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 143 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.052 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AY6PS UT WOS:000347688700041 ER PT J AU Wang, ZL Yang, LQ Guo, LN Marsh, E Wang, JP Liu, Y Zhang, C Li, RH Zhang, L Zheng, XL Zhao, RX AF Wang, Zhong-Liang Yang, Li-Qiang Guo, Lin-Nan Marsh, Erin Wang, Jian-Ping Liu, Yue Zhang, Chao Li, Rui-Hong Zhang, Liang Zheng, Xiao-Li Zhao, Rong-Xin TI Fluid immiscibility and gold deposition in the Xincheng deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: A fluid inclusion study SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Fluid inclusion; Fluid immiscibility; Gold deposition; Xincheng gold deposit; Jiaodong ID ORE-FORMING FLUIDS; BEARING QUARTZ-VEINS; U-PB ZIRCON; EASTERN CHINA; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SHANDONG PROVINCE; GREENSTONE-BELT; NORTH CHINA; HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS; SANSHANDAO DEPOSIT AB The Xincheng gold deposit, located in west Jiaodong Peninsula in southeast North China Craton, is a representative mesothermal lode deposit hosted in Late Mesozoic granitoids in Jiaodong. Gold mineralization occurs as disseminated- and stocicwork-style ores within the hydrothermal breccias and cataclastic zones controlled by the Jiaojia fault, whereas echelon tensile auriferous veins hosted in the NE- and NNE-trending subsidiary faults cutting the granitoids occur subordinately. According to crosscutting relationships and mineral paragenesis, four paragenetic stages were identified, which are pyrite-quartz-sericite (stage 1), quartz-pyrite (stage 2), quartz-polysulfide (stage 3) and quartz-carbonate (stage 4). Gold was deposited during the quartz-pyrite and quartz-polysulfide stages. On the basis of microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy on fluid inclusions contained within the quartz veins from stages 2 and 3, three types of fluid inclusions were recognized: (1) type 1 H2O-CO2 inclusions that show high temperatures (ca. 260 degrees C), low salinities (2.4-8.9 wt.% equiv. NaCl) and variable XCO2 (0.03 to 0.20), (2) type 2 aqueous inclusions with medium temperatures (ca. 220 degrees C) and low to moderate salinities (3.1-13.3 wt.% equiv. NaCl); (3) type 3 pure CO2 inclusions with a carbonic phase density of 0.712 +/- 0.03 g/cm(3). Types 1 and 2 inclusions appear in the same growth phase of the quartz grains from the breccias and tensile auriferous veins. These coexisting inclusions are likely formed by fluid immiscibility due to unmixing from a single homogeneous H2O-CO2 parent fluid at trapping P-T conditions of 221 to 304 degrees C (average 261 +/- 19 degrees C) and 780 to 2080 bar. The fluid immiscibility is interpreted to be initiated by fluid pressure decrease at ca. 300 C. The ore-fluid P-T-X conditions of the Xincheng gold deposit are the same as those for mesothermal deposits. Gold was most probably transported as a Au(HS)(-)(2) complex at Xincheng. Fluid immiscibility over the temperature interval of 221-304 degrees C resulted in significant H2S loss from the hydrothermal solution, thereby reducing Au(HS)I solubility with concomitant deposition of gold. The mineralizing process of the granitoid-hosted Xincheng lode-gold deposit is likely related to the fluid immiscibility. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Zhong-Liang; Yang, Li-Qiang; Guo, Lin-Nan; Wang, Jian-Ping; Liu, Yue; Zhang, Chao; Li, Rui-Hong; Zhang, Liang] China Univ Geosci, Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Marsh, Erin] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zheng, Xiao-Li] Shandong Gold Min Stock Co Ltd, Laizhou City 261400, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Rong-Xin] Shandong Gold Min Stock Co Ltd, Jiaojia Gold Co, Laizhou City 261438, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, ZL (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, 29 XueYuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM Iqyang@cugb.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41230311, 40872068, 40672064, 40572063]; National Science and Technology Support Program [2011BAB04B09]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents [NCET-09-0710]; 111 Project [B07011]; Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, the Ministry of Education, China [IRT0755] FX We thank Professor Richard J. Goldfarb and Doctor Ryan Taylor from the USGS for their help in the field. The comments and suggestions made by Professor Yusheng Zhai, Jun Deng, Dehui Zhang and Qingjie Gong from the China University of Geosciences (Beijing), and Professor Jiuhua Xu from the University of Science and Technology Beijing helped to greatly improve the manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41230311, 40872068, 40672064 and 40572063), the National Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No. 2011BAB04B09), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents (Grant No. NCET-09-0710), 111 Project (Grant No. B07011) and Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, the Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. IRT0755). NR 87 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 65 SI SI BP 701 EP 717 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.06.006 PN 3 PG 17 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AZ1SH UT WOS:000348017600011 ER PT J AU Wang, YS DeAngelis, DL Holland, JN AF Wang, Yuanshi DeAngelis, Donald L. Holland, J. Nathaniel TI Dynamics of an ant-plant-pollinator model SO COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Mutualism; Persistence; Acyclicity; Stability; Extended Beddington-DeAngelis functional response ID EXTRAFLORAL NECTAR; PERSISTENCE; SYSTEMS; MUTUALISM; INTERFERENCE; DISTRACTION; FORMICIDAE; EVOLUTION; SATIATION; PREDATOR AB In this paper, we consider plant-pollinator-ant systems in which plant-pollinator interaction and plant-ant interaction are both mutualistic, but there also exists interference of pollinators by ants. The plant-pollinator interaction can be described by a Beddington-DeAngelis formula, so we extend the formula to characterize plant-pollinator mutualisms, including the interference by ants, and form a plant-pollinator-ant model. Using dynamical systems theory, we show uniform persistence of the model. Moreover, we demonstrate conditions under which boundary equilibria are globally asymptotically stable. The dynamics exhibit mechanisms by which the three species could coexist when ants interfere with pollinators. We define a threshold in ant interference. When ant interference is strong, it can drive plant-pollinator mutualisms to extinction. Furthermore, if the ants depend on pollination mutualism for their persistence, then sufficiently strong ant interference could lead to their own extinction as well. Yet, when ant interference is weak, plant-ant and plant-pollinator mutualisms can promote the persistence of one another. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Yuanshi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Holland, J. Nathaniel] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM mcswys@mail.sysu.edu.cn FU NSF of Guangdong [S2012010010320]; NSF [DEB-0814523, DEB-1147630]; US Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center FX This work was supported by NSF of Guangdong S2012010010320 to Y. Wang, and was supported by NSF Grants DEB-0814523 and DEB-1147630 to J. N. Holland and D. L. DeAngelis. D. L. DeAngelis acknowledges the support of the US Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1007-5704 EI 1878-7274 J9 COMMUN NONLINEAR SCI JI Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 20 IS 3 BP 950 EP 964 DI 10.1016/j.cnsns.2014.06.024 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA AO5CC UT WOS:000341358200030 ER PT J AU Doherty, KE Evans, JS Walker, J Devries, JH Howerter, DW AF Doherty, Kevin E. Evans, Jeffrey S. Walker, Johann Devries, James H. Howerter, David W. TI Building the Foundation for International Conservation Planning for Breeding Ducks across the US and Canadian Border SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; NORTH-DAKOTA; SPATIAL SCALES; HABITAT SELECTION; GRASSLAND BIRDS; WATERFOWL NESTS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; LAND-USE AB We used publically available data on duck breeding distribution and recently compiled geospatial data on upland habitat and environmental conditions to develop a spatially explicit model of breeding duck populations across the entire Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). Our spatial population models were able to identify key areas for duck conservation across the PPR and predict between 62.1 - 79.1% (68.4% avg.) of the variation in duck counts by year from 2002 - 2010. The median difference in observed vs. predicted duck counts at a transect segment level was 4.6 ducks. Our models are the first seamless spatially explicit models of waterfowl abundance across the entire PPR and represent an initial step toward joint conservation planning between Prairie Pothole and Prairie Habitat Joint Ventures. Our work demonstrates that when spatial and temporal variation for highly mobile birds is incorporated into conservation planning it will likely increase the habitat area required to support defined population goals. A major goal of the current North American Waterfowl Management Plan and subsequent action plan is the linking of harvest and habitat management. We contend incorporation of spatial aspects will increase the likelihood of coherent joint harvest and habitat management decisions. Our results show at a minimum, it is possible to produce spatially explicit waterfowl abundance models that when summed across survey strata will produce similar strata level population estimates as the design-based Waterfowl Breeding Pair and Habitat Survey (r(2) = 0.977). This is important because these design-based population estimates are currently used to set duck harvest regulations and to set duck population and habitat goals for the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. We hope this effort generates discussion on the important linkages between spatial and temporal variation in population size, and distribution relative to habitat quantity and quality when linking habitat and population goals across this important region. C1 [Doherty, Kevin E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Walker, Johann] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Great Plains Reg, Bismarck, ND USA. [Devries, James H.; Howerter, David W.] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Stonewall, MB, Canada. RP Doherty, KE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 134 Union Blvd, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. EM kevin_doherty@fws.gov FU United States Fish & Wildlife Service; Ducks Unlimited; Ducks Unlimited Canada FX Funding for this research came from the United States Fish & Wildlife Service, Ducks Unlimited, and Ducks Unlimited Canada. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 25 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 2 AR e0116735 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0116735 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CC2IM UT WOS:000350168700022 PM 25714747 ER PT J AU Reeves, AB Smith, MM Meixell, BW Fleskes, JP Ramey, AM AF Reeves, Andrew B. Smith, Mathew M. Meixell, Brandt W. Fleskes, Joseph P. Ramey, Andrew M. TI Genetic Diversity and Host Specificity Varies across Three Genera of Blood Parasites in Ducks of the Pacific Americas Flyway SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AVIAN MALARIA; HAEMOSPORIDA; BIRDS; LEUCOCYTOZOON; HAEMOPROTEUS; PREVALENCE AB Birds of the order Anseriformes, commonly referred to as waterfowl, are frequently infected by Haemosporidia of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon via dipteran vectors. We analyzed nucleotide sequences of the Cytochrome b (Cytb) gene from parasites of these genera detected in six species of ducks from Alaska and California, USA to characterize the genetic diversity of Haemosporidia infecting waterfowl at two ends of the Pacific Americas Flyway. In addition, parasite Cytb sequences were compared to those available on a public database to investigate specificity of genetic lineages to hosts of the order Anseriformes. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of Haemoproteus Cytb sequences was lower than was detected for Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon parasites. Although waterfowl are presumed to be infected by only a single species of Leucocytozoon, L. simondi, diversity indices were highest for haplotypes from this genus and sequences formed five distinct clades separated by genetic distances of 4.9%-7.6%, suggesting potential cryptic speciation. All Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon haplotypes derived from waterfowl samples formed monophyletic clades in phylogenetic analyses and were unique to the order Anseriformes with few exceptions. In contrast, waterfowl-origin Plasmodium haplotypes were identical or closely related to lineages found in other avian orders. Our results suggest a more generalist strategy for Plasmodium parasites infecting North American waterfowl as compared to those of the genera Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon. C1 [Reeves, Andrew B.; Smith, Mathew M.; Meixell, Brandt W.; Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. RP Reeves, AB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM areeves@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 FU USGS through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Central Valley Joint Venture and Avian Health and Disease Program; California Department of Fish and Wildlife via California Waterfowl Association FX This work was funded by the USGS through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Central Valley Joint Venture and Avian Health and Disease Program and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife via a contract with California Waterfowl Association. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 24 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 2 AR e0116661 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0116661 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CC9IY UT WOS:000350683900012 PM 25710468 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Van Metre, PC Pribil, MJ Horowitz, AJ AF Gray, John E. Van Metre, Peter C. Pribil, Michael J. Horowitz, Arthur J. TI Tracing historical trends of Hg in the Mississippi River using Hg concentrations and Hg isotopic compositions in a lake sediment core, Lake Whittington, Mississippi, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury concentrations; Mercury isotopes; Sediment core; Anthropogenic mercury ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; OAK-RIDGE; MERCURY; DEPOSITION; CONTAMINATION; TRANSPORT; ELEMENT; SYSTEMS; RATIOS; CANADA AB Concentrations and isotopic compositions of mercury (Hg) in a sediment core collected from Lake Whittington, an oxbow lake on the Lower Mississippi River, were used to evaluate historical sources of Hg in the Mississippi River basin. Sediment Hg concentrations in the Lake Whittington core have a large 10-15 y peak centered on the 1960s, with a maximum enrichment factor relative to Hg in the core of 4.8 in 1966. The Hg concentration profile indicates a different Hg source history than seen in most historical reconstructions of Hg loading. The timing of the peak is consistent with large releases of Hg from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), primarily in the late 1950s and 1960s. Mercury was used in a lithium isotope separation process by ORNL and an estimated 128 Mg (megagrams) of Hg was discharged to a local stream that flows into the Tennessee River and, eventually, the Mississippi River. Mass balance analyses of Hg concentrations and isotopic compositions in the Lake Whittington core fit a binary mixing model with a Hg-rich upstream source contributing about 70% of the Hg to Lake Whittington at the height of the Hg peak in 1966. This upstream Hg source is isotopically similar to Hg isotope compositions of stream sediment collected downstream near ORNL. It is estimated that about one-half of the Hg released from the ORNL potentially reached the Lower Mississippi River basin in the 1960s, suggesting considerable downstream transport of Hg. It is also possible that upstream urban and industrial sources contributed some proportion of Hg to Lake Whittington in the 1960s and 1970s. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gray, John E.; Pribil, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Horowitz, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Horowitz, Arthur J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov OI Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program; USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program and the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program. We thank John Peryam (Dept. of Defense, Oak Ridge, TN) for collection of stream sediment samples in the ORNL area and Danny Rutherford (USGS, Denver) for assistance with Hg isotopic analyses. We thank reviewers from the USGS and those for Chemical Geology for comments that improved this paper. Any use of trade, product, firm names, or graphical images is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 24 PY 2015 VL 395 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.005 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CB8EN UT WOS:000349861600007 ER PT J AU McGarr, A Bekins, B Burkardt, N Dewey, J Earle, P Ellsworth, W Ge, S Hickman, S Holland, A Majer, E Rubinstein, J Sheehan, A AF McGarr, A. Bekins, B. Burkardt, N. Dewey, J. Earle, P. Ellsworth, W. Ge, S. Hickman, S. Holland, A. Majer, E. Rubinstein, J. Sheehan, A. TI Coping with earthquakes induced by fluid injection SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INDUCED SEISMICITY; CENTRAL OKLAHOMA; ARKANSAS; SWARM; TEXAS C1 [McGarr, A.; Ellsworth, W.; Hickman, S.; Rubinstein, J.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bekins, B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Burkardt, N.] US Geol Survey, Powell Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Dewey, J.; Earle, P.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Ctr, Golden, CO 80225 USA. [Ge, S.; Sheehan, A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Holland, A.] Oklahoma Geol Survey, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Majer, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcgarr@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 12 U2 53 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 20 PY 2015 VL 347 IS 6224 BP 830 EP 831 DI 10.1126/science.aaa0494 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CB6UB UT WOS:000349761100025 PM 25700505 ER PT J AU Kowalski, KP Bacon, C Bickford, W Braun, H Clay, K Leduc-Lapierre, M Lillard, E McCormick, MK Nelson, E Torres, M White, J Wilcox, DA AF Kowalski, Kurt P. Bacon, Charles Bickford, Wesley Braun, Heather Clay, Keith Leduc-Lapierre, Michele Lillard, Elizabeth McCormick, Melissa K. Nelson, Eric Torres, Monica White, James Wilcox, Douglas A. TI Advancing the science of microbial symbiosis to support invasive species management: a case study on Phragmites in the Great Lakes SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE symbiosis; Phragmites; invasive species management; fungi; bacteria; collaborative; endophyte; Great Lakes Region ID COMMON REED; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; GUT MICROBIOTA; AUSTRALIS POPULATIONS; AMMOPHILA-ARENARIA; RHIZOSPHERE MICROBIOME; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM; OOMYCETE COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; BIOMASS PRODUCTION AB A growing body of literature supports microbial symbiosis as a foundational principle for the competitive success of invasive plant species. Further exploration of the relationships between invasive species and their associated microbiomes, as well as the interactions with the microbiomes of native species, can lead to key new insights into invasive success and potentially new and effective control approaches. In this manuscript, we review microbial relationships with plants, outline steps necessary to develop invasive species control strategies that are based on those relationships, and use the invasive plant species Phragmites australis (common reed) as an example of how development of microbial-based control strategies can be enhanced using a collective impact approach. The proposed science agenda, developed by the Collaborative for Microbial Symbiosis and Phragmites Management, contains a foundation of sequential steps and mutually-reinforcing tasks to guide the development of microbial-based control strategies for Phragmites and other invasive species. Just as the science of plant-microbial symbiosis can be transferred for use in other invasive species, so too can the model of collective impact be applied to other avenues of research and management. C1 [Kowalski, Kurt P.; Bickford, Wesley] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bacon, Charles] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Braun, Heather; Leduc-Lapierre, Michele; Lillard, Elizabeth] Great Lakes Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Clay, Keith] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. [McCormick, Melissa K.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Nelson, Eric] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Torres, Monica; White, James] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Wilcox, Douglas A.] SUNY Coll Brockport, Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. RP Kowalski, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM kkowalski@usgs.gov OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701 FU U.S. Geological Survey; NOAA Maryland SeaGrant; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative allowed the research team FX Financial support from the U.S. Geological Survey, NOAA Maryland SeaGrant, and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative allowed the research team to complete this project. We thank Katherine Hollins and other staff at the Great Lakes Commission for scientific and administrative contributions. We thank Aubrey Scott for background materials and formatting assistance. We thank Ellen Crocker for her early contributions to the process. Finally, we thank the known and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1912 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 159 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 53 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD FEB 19 PY 2015 VL 6 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00095 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CC4GC UT WOS:000350309100001 ER PT J AU Swindle, AL Cozzarelli, IM Madden, ASE AF Swindle, Andrew L. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Madden, Andrew S. Elwood TI Using Chromate to Investigate the Impact of Natural Organics on the Surface Reactivity of Nanoparticulate Magnetite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; IRON-OXIDE; HUMIC-ACID; REDUCTION; COLLOIDS; WATERS; SIZE; ADSORPTION; MATTER AB Chromate was used as a chemical probe to investigate the size-dependent influence of organics on nanoparticle surface reactivity. Magnetitechromate sorption experiments were conducted with similar to 90 and similar to 6 nm magnetite nanoparticles in the presence and absence of fulvic acid (FA), natural organic matter (NOM), and isolated landfill leachate (LL). Results indicated that low concentrations (1 mg/L) of organics had no noticeable impact on chromate sorption, whereas concentrations of 50 mg/L or more resulted in decreased amounts of chromate sorption. The adsorption of organics onto the magnetite surfaces interfered equally with the ability of the 6 and 90 nm particles to sorb chromate from solution, despite the greater surface area of the smaller particles. Results indicate the presence of organics did not impact the redox chemistry of the magnetite-chromate system over the duration of the experiments (8 h), nor did the organics interact with the chromate in solution. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that the organics blocked the surface reactivity by occupying surface sites on the particles. The similarity of results with FA and NOM suggests that coverage of the reactive mineral surface is the main factor behind the inhibition of surface reactivity in the presence of organics. C1 [Swindle, Andrew L.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Geol, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Madden, Andrew S. Elwood] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Swindle, AL (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Geol, 1845 Fairmount Ave, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM andrew.swindle@wichita.edu OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS National Research Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge USGS scientists Jeanne Jaeschke for analytical support along with Jason Masoner and Kevin Smith for field support. This research was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USGS National Research Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 4 BP 2156 EP 2162 DI 10.1021/es504831d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB7KT UT WOS:000349806400023 PM 25607467 ER PT J AU Selbig, WR AF Selbig, William R. TI Characterizing the distribution of particles in urban stormwater: advancements through improved sampling technology SO URBAN WATER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sediment; runoff; urban stormwater; particle size distribution ID SOLIDS STRATIFICATION BIAS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HIGHWAY RUNOFF; ROAD RUNOFF; RAINFALL; EVENTS; ARM AB A new sample collection system was developed to improve the representation of sediment in stormwater by integrating the entire water column. The depth-integrated sampler arm (DISA) was able to mitigate sediment stratification bias in storm water, thereby improving the characterization of particle size distribution from urban source areas. Collector streets had the lowest median particle diameter of 8 mu m, followed by parking lots, arterial streets, feeder streets, and residential and mixed land use (32, 43, 50, 80 and 95 mu m, respectively). Results from this study suggest there is no single distribution of particles that can be applied uniformly to runoff in urban environments; however, integrating more of the entire water column during the sample collection can address some of the shortcomings of a fixed-point sampler by reducing variability and bias caused by the stratification of solids in a water column. C1 US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wrselbig@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-062X EI 1744-9006 J9 URBAN WATER J JI Urban Water J. PD FEB 17 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1080/1573062X.2013.820334 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AY4DQ UT WOS:000347528800002 ER PT J AU Carr, MH Head, JW AF Carr, M. H. Head, J. W. TI Martian surface/near-surface water inventory: Sources, sinks, and changes with time SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; water ID VALLES MARINERIS; GLACIER DEPOSITS; LAYERED DEPOSITS; CLIMATE HISTORY; GROUND ICE; EARLY MARS; EVOLUTION; SHERGOTTITES; HYDROLOGY; VOLCANISM AB Today, a 34m global equivalent water layer (GEL) lies in the Martian polar-layered deposits and shallow ground ice. During the Amazonian, 3m was outgassed, and 31m was lost to space and to the surface, leaving 62m at the end of Hesperian. During the Hesperian, volcanic outgassing added 5m, 7m was lost, and 40m GEL of groundwater was added to form outflow channels, leaving 24m carryover of surface water from the Noachian into the Hesperian. The Hesperian budget is incompatible with a northern ocean during this era. These figures are for near-surface water; substantial amounts of water may have existed as deep ground ice and groundwater. Our estimate of approximately 24m near-surface water in the Late Noachian is insufficient to support an ocean at that time also and favors episodic melting of an icy highlands to produce the fluvial and lacustrine features. C1 [Carr, M. H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Head, J. W.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Carr, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM carr@usgs.gov FU NASA Mars Data Analysis Program [NNX11AI81G]; Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera Team [JPL 1488322] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program (NNX11AI81G) and the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera Team (JPL 1488322) to J.W.H. NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 3 BP 726 EP 732 DI 10.1002/2014GL062464 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CD8OT UT WOS:000351355600008 ER PT J AU Geboy, NJ Tripathy, GR Ruppert, LF Eble, CF Blake, BM Hannah, JL Stein, HJ AF Geboy, N. J. Tripathy, G. R. Ruppert, L. F. Eble, C. F. Blake, B. M. Hannah, J. L. Stein, H. J. TI Re-Os age for the Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian Boundary and comparison with associated palynoflora SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Re-Os geochronolgy; Palynology; Matewan; Betsie Shale Member ID ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS; CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN; OSMIUM ISOTOPE; BLACK SHALES; KANAWHA FORMATION; PEAT FORMATION; WEST-VIRGINIA; U-PB; COAL; SYSTEMATICS AB The Betsie Shale Member is a relatively thick and continuous unit that serves as a marker bed across the central Appalachian basin, in part because it includes an organic-rich shale unit at its base that is observable in drill logs. Deposited during a marine transgression, the Betsie Shale Member has been correlated to units in both Wales and Germany and has been proposed to mark the boundary between the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian Series within North America. This investigation assigns a new Re-Os date to the base of the Betsie and examines the palynoflora and maceral composition of the underlying Matewan coal bed in the context of that date. The Matewan coal bed contains abundant lycopsid tree spores along its base with assemblage diversity and inertinite content increasing upsection, as sulfur content and ash yield decrease. Taken together, these palynologic and organic petrographic results suggest a submerged paleomire that transitioned to an exposed peat surface. Notably, separating the lower and upper benches of the Matewan it a parting with very high sulfur content (28 wt.%), perhaps representing an early marine pulse prior to the full on transgression responsible for depositing the Betsie. Results from Re-Os geochronology date the base of the Betsie at 323 +/- 7.8 Ma, consistent with previously determined age constraints as well as the palynoflora assemblage presented herein. The Betsie Shale Member is also highly enriched in Re (ranging from 319.7 to 1213 ng/g), with high Re-187/Os-188 values ranging from 3644 to 5737 likely resultant from varying redox conditions between the pore water and overlying water column during deposition and early condensing of the section. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Geboy, N. J.; Ruppert, L. F.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Tripathy, G. R.; Hannah, J. L.; Stein, H. J.] Colorado State Univ, AIRIE Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tripathy, G. R.] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Dept Earth & Climate Sci, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Eble, C. F.] Kentucky Geol Survey, Lexington, KY USA. [Blake, B. M.] West Virginia Geol & Econ Survey, Morgantown, WV USA. [Hannah, J. L.; Stein, H. J.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Earth Evolut & Dynam, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Geboy, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM ngeboy@usgs.gov OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 FU Energy Resources Program within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This study was funded by the Energy Resources Program within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Joe Harrison of PVR Partners provided contact information and geologic data. Samples and geologic data were generously provided by Cliffs Natural Resources of Cleveland, OH. The manuscript was greatly strengthened by reviews from Clinton Scott of the USGS and from those assigned by the journal. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 140 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2015.01.002 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA CH9FI UT WOS:000354341000003 ER PT J AU Counts, RC Murari, MK Owen, LA Mahan, SA Greenan, M AF Counts, Ronald C. Murari, Madhav K. Owen, Lewis A. Mahan, Shannon A. Greenan, Michele TI Late Quaternary chronostratigraphic framework of terraces and alluvium along the lower Ohio River, southwestern Indiana and western Kentucky, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Lower Ohio River; Geomorphology; Fluvial terraces; Optically-stimulated luminescence; Holocene climate ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; MISSISSIPPI VALLEY LOESS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LOWER WABASH VALLEY; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; UNITED-STATES; FLUVIAL DEPOSITS AB The lower Ohio River valley is a terraced fluvial landscape that has been profoundly influenced by Quaternary climate change and glaciation. A modern Quaternary chronostratigraphic framework was developed for the lower Ohio River valley using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and allostratigraphic mapping to gain insights into the nature of fluvial responses to glacial interglacial/stadial-interstadial transitions and Holocene climate change. River deposits, TO (youngest) to T7 (oldest), were mapped along a 75 km reach of the lower Ohio River and were dated using 46 OSL and 5 radiocarbon samples. The examination of cores combined with OSL and radiocarbon dating shows that fluvial sediments older than marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 2 are present only in the subsurface. Aggradation during MIS 6 (Illinoian glaciation) filled the valley to within similar to 7 m of the modem floodplain, and by similar to 114 ka (MIS 5e/Sangamon interglacial) the Ohio River had scoured the MIS 6 sediments to similar to 22 m below the modern fioodplain surface. There were no fluvial sediments in the valley with ages between MIS 5e and the middle of MIS 3. The MIS 3 ages (similar to 39 ka) and stratigraphic position of T5 deposits suggest the Ohio River aggraded 8-14 m during MIS 4 or MIS 3. Near the end of MIS 3, the Ohio River incised the mid Last Glacial (mid-Wisconsinan) deposits similar to 10 m and began aggrading again by similar to 30 ka. Aggradation continued into MIS 2, with maximum MIS 2 aggradation occurring before similar to 21 ka, which is coincident with the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). As the Ohio River adjusted to changing fluxes in sediment load and discharge following the LGM, it formed a sequence of fill-cut terraces in the MIS 2 outwash that get progressively younger with decreasing elevation, ranging in age from similar to 21 ka to similar to 13 ka. From similar to 14 ka to similar to 13 ka the Ohio River rapidly incised similar to 3 m to form a new terrace, and by -12 ka at the onset of the Holocene, the Ohio River established a meandering channel pattern. The river formed a broad floodplain surface from similar to 12 ka to similar to 6 ka, and then incised similar to 1 m and formed a fill-cut terrace from similar to 6 ka to similar to 5 ka. After similar to 5 ka, likely in response to mid-Holocene drought in North America, the Ohio River incised similar to 5 m, and by similar to 4 ka the river began aggrading again. The Ohio River has aggraded similar to 4 m since aggradation began at similar to 4 ka. The chronostratigraphic framework and reconstructed history developed here suggest that the lower Ohio River is highly sensitive to glacial-interglacial transitions and abrupt Holocene climate change and responds rapidly to these allogenic forcings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Counts, Ronald C.; Murari, Madhav K.; Owen, Lewis A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Counts, Ronald C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Greenan, Michele] Indiana State Museum, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Counts, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS-926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rcounts@usgs.gov OI Counts, Ronald/0000-0002-8426-1990; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP award); U.S. Geological Survey's National Earthquakes Hazard Reduction Program [06HQGR0192, 07HGGR0052, G11AP20011]; Kentucky Geological Survey; University of Cincinnati; U.S. Geological Survey's National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (FEDMAP award) [03HQPA003, 04HQPA003, 05HQAG0007, 06HQAG0003, 07HQAG0062, 08HQPA0003, 09HQPA0003, 11HQPA003] FX This research was supported by multiple funding sources, including the U.S. Geological Survey's National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP and FEDMAP awards 03HQPA003, 04HQPA003, 05HQAG0007, 06HQAG0003, 07HQAG0062, 08HQPA0003, 09HQPA0003, and 11HQPA003), the U.S. Geological Survey's National Earthquakes Hazard Reduction Program (awards 06HQGR0192, 07HGGR0052, and G11AP20011), the Kentucky Geological Survey, and the University of Cincinnati. We thank Matt McCauley and Steve Neyhouse from the National Resource Conservation Service, Scott Waninger and Amy Bleithcroft from the Kentucky Geological Survey, and William Monaghan from the Indiana Geological Survey for help with coring and field mapping. We also thank Kristina Brady and Amy Myrbo from the Limnological Research Center, where some of the cores from this study were processed. We appreciate and acknowledge Kevin Kincare and an anonymous reviewer, whose comments and suggestions improved the quality of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 119 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 110 BP 72 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.11.011 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CB6IJ UT WOS:000349730400006 ER PT J AU Deeds, DA Kulongoski, JT Muhle, J Weiss, RF AF Deeds, Daniel A. Kulongoski, Justin T. Muehle, Jens Weiss, Ray F. TI Tectonic activity as a significant source of crustal tetrafluoromethane emissions to the atmosphere: Observations in groundwaters along the San Andreas Fault SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tetrafluoromethane; tectonic emissions; San Andreas Fault; crustal weathering; groundwater ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MOJAVE DESERT; NOBLE-GASES; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; SF6; CALIFORNIA; WATER; AIR; HALOCARBONS; RELEASE AB Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) concentrations were measured in 14 groundwater samples from the Cuyama Valley, Mil Potrero and Cuddy Valley aquifers along the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS) in California to assess whether tectonic activity in this region is a significant source of crustal CF4 to the atmosphere. Dissolved CF4 concentrations in all groundwater samples but one were elevated with respect to estimated recharge concentrations including entrainment of excess air during recharge (C-re; similar to 30 fmol kg(-1) H2O), indicating subsurface addition of CF4 to these groundwaters. Groundwaters in the Cuyama Valley contain small CF4 excesses (0.1-9 times C-re), which may be attributed to an in situ release from weathering and a minor addition of deep crustal CF4 introduced to the shallow groundwater through nearby faults. CF4 excesses in groundwaters within 200 m of the SAFS are larger (10-980 times C-re) and indicate the presence of a deep crustal flux of CF4 that is likely associated with the physical alteration of silicate minerals in the shear zone of the SAFS. Extrapolating CF4 flux rates observed in this study to the full extent of the SAFS (1300 km x 20-100 km) suggests that the SAFS potentially emits (0.3-1) x 10(-1) kg CF4 yr(-1) to the Earth's surface. For comparison, the chemical weathering of similar to 7.5 x 10(4) km(2) of granitic rock in California is estimated to release (0.019-3.2) x 10(-1) kg CF4 yr(-1). Tectonic activity is likely an important, and potentially the dominant, driver of natural emissions of CF4 to the atmosphere. Variations in preindustrial atmospheric CF4 as observed in paleo-archives such as ice cores may therefore represent changes in both continental weathering and tectonic activity, including changes driven by variations in continental ice cover during glacial-interglacial transitions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Deeds, Daniel A.; Kulongoski, Justin T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Muehle, Jens; Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Deeds, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM ddeeds@usgs.gov OI Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154 FU United States Geological Survey California Water Science Center, California State bonds; AGAGE program under NASA [NAG5-12807] FX The authors thank the cooperating well owners and water purveyors for allowing access to wells for sampling. Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey California Water Science Center, California State bonds administered by the State Water Resources Control Board Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program, and in part by the AGAGE program under NASA grant NAG5-12807. This manuscript benefited greatly from the comments of K. Haase and 2 anonymous reviewers. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 412 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.016 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CB1YW UT WOS:000349424900018 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM George, DL Allstadt, K Reid, ME Collins, BD Vallance, JW Schilling, SP Godt, JW Cannon, CM Magirl, CS Baum, RL Coe, JA Schulz, WH Bower, JB AF Iverson, R. M. George, D. L. Allstadt, K. Reid, M. E. Collins, B. D. Vallance, J. W. Schilling, S. P. Godt, J. W. Cannon, C. M. Magirl, C. S. Baum, R. L. Coe, J. A. Schulz, W. H. Bower, J. B. TI Landslide mobility and hazards: implications of the 2014 Oso disaster SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE landslide; debris avalanche; mobility; liquefaction; numerical modeling; hazards ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; DEBRIS FLOWS; WASHINGTON; AVALANCHE; DYNAMICS AB Landslides reflect landscape instability that evolves over meteorological and geological timescales, and they also pose threats to people, property, and the environment. The severity of these threats depends largely on landslide speed and travel distance, which are collectively described as landslide "mobility". To investigate causes and effects of mobility, we focus on a disastrous landslide that occurred on 22 March 2014 near Oso, Washington, USA, following a long period of abnormally wet weather. The landslide's impacts were severe because its mobility exceeded that of prior historical landslides at the site, and also exceeded that of comparable landslides elsewhere. The similar to 8 x 10(6) m(3) landslide originated on a gently sloping (<20 degrees) riverside bluff only 180 m high, yet it traveled across the entire similar to 1 km breadth of the adjacent floodplain and spread laterally a similar distance. Seismological evidence indicates that highspeed, flowing motion of the landslide began after about 50 s of preliminary slope movement, and observational evidence supports the hypothesis that the high mobility of the landslide resulted from liquefaction of water-saturated sediment at its base. Numerical simulation of the event using a newly developed model indicates that liquefaction and high mobility can be attributed to compression- and/or shear-induced sediment contraction that was strongly dependent on initial conditions. An alternative numerical simulation indicates that the landslide would have been far less mobile if its initial porosity and water content had been only slightly lower. Sensitive dependence of landslide mobility on initial conditions has broad implications for assessment of landslide hazards. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Iverson, R. M.; George, D. L.; Vallance, J. W.; Schilling, S. P.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Allstadt, K.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reid, M. E.; Collins, B. D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Godt, J. W.; Baum, R. L.; Coe, J. A.; Schulz, W. H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cannon, C. M.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. [Magirl, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA. [Bower, J. B.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov; dgeorge@usgs.gov; kallstadt@usgs.gov; mreid@usgs.gov; bcollins@usgs.gov; vallance@usgs.gov; sschilli@usgs.gov; jgodt@usgs.gov; ccannon@usgs.gov; magirl@usgs.gov; baum@usgs.gov; jcoe@usgs.gov; wschulz@usgs.gov; brentbower@noaa.gov OI Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549; Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 11 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 412 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.020 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CB1YW UT WOS:000349424900021 ER PT J AU Karlstrom, L Wright, HM Bacon, CR AF Karlstrom, Leif Wright, Heather M. Bacon, Charles R. TI The effect of pressurized magma chamber growth on melt migration and pre-caldera vent locations through time at Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mount Mazama; magma chambers; eruptive history; Crater Lake ID ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; FORMING ERUPTION; LOCAL STRESSES; EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION; VOLCANO; HISTORY; MODEL; ZONE AB The pattern of eruptions at long-lived volcanic centers provides a window into the co-evolution of crustal magma transport, tectonic stresses, and unsteady magma generation at depth. Mount Mazama in the Oregon Cascades has seen variable activity over the last 400 ky, including the 50 km(3) climactic eruption at ca. 7.7 ka that produced Crater Lake caldera. The physical mechanisms responsible for the assembly of silicic magma reservoirs that are the precursors to caldera-forming eruptions are poorly understood. Here we argue that the spatial and temporal distribution of geographically clustered volcanic vents near Mazama reflects the development of a centralized magma chamber that fed the climactic eruption. Time-averaged eruption rates at Mount Mazama imply an order of magnitude increase in deep magma influx prior to the caldera-forming event, suggesting that unsteady mantle melting triggered a chamber growth episode that culminated in caldera formation. We model magma chamber-dike interactions over similar to 50 ky preceding the climactic eruption to fit the observed distribution of surface eruptive vents in space and time, as well as petrologically estimated deep influx rates. Best fitting models predict an expanding zone of dike capture caused by a growing, oblate spheroidal magma chamber with 10-30 MPa of overpressure. This growing zone of chamber influence causes closest approaching regional mafic vent locations as well as more compositionally evolved Mazama eruptions to migrate away from the climactic eruptive center, returning as observed to the center after the chamber drains during the caldera-forming eruption. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Karlstrom, Leif] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Wright, Heather M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Bacon, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Karlstrom, L (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, 1272 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM leif@uoregon.edu OI Wright, Heather/0000-0001-9013-507X FU NSF [EAR1143623] FX We thank editor Tim Elliott, Manuel Nathenson, Shanaka L. de Silva, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. L.K. acknowledges support from NSF postdoctoral fellowship EAR1143623. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 412 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.001 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CB1YW UT WOS:000349424900022 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Thompson, A Chadwick, OA AF Bern, Carleton R. Thompson, Aaron Chadwick, Oliver A. TI Quantification of colloidal and aqueous element transfer in soils: The dual-phase mass balance model SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; MAJOR ELEMENTS; CRITICAL ZONE; TRANSPORT; MOBILIZATION; FRACTIONATION; PEDOGENESIS AB Mass balance models have become standard tools for characterizing element gains and losses and volumetric change during weathering and soil development. However, they rely on the assumption of complete immobility for an index element such as Ti or Zr. Here we describe a dual-phase mass balance model that eliminates the need for an assumption of immobility and in the process quantifies the contribution of aqueous versus colloidal element transfer. In the model, the high field strength elements Ti and Zr are assumed to be mobile only as suspended solids (colloids) and can therefore be used to distinguish elemental redistribution via colloids from redistribution via dissolved aqueous solutes. Calculations are based upon element concentrations in soil, parent material, and colloids dispersed from soil in the laboratory. We illustrate the utility of this model using a catena in South Africa. Traditional mass balance models systematically distort elemental gains and losses and changes in soil volume in this catena due to significant redistribution of Zr-bearing colloids. Applying the dual-phase model accounts for this colloidal redistribution and we find that the process accounts for a substantial portion of the major element (e. g., Al, Fe and Si) loss from eluvial soil. In addition, we find that in illuvial soils along this catena, gains of colloidal material significantly offset aqueous elemental loss. In other settings, processes such as accumulation of exogenous dust can mimic the geochemical effects of colloid redistribution and we suggest strategies for distinguishing between the two. The movement of clays and colloidal material is a major process in weathering and pedogenesis; the mass balance model presented here is a tool for quantifying effects of that process over time scales of soil development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bern, Carleton R.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thompson, Aaron] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Chadwick, Oliver A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov FU Andrew Mellon Foundation FX Funding was provided by the Andrew Mellon Foundation. We thank staff at Kruger National Park for access and logistical support. We thank Tony Hartshorn, Liaming Huang, Lesego Khomo, Nehru Mantripragada and Julie Pett-Ridge for assistance both in the laboratory and in the field. Anthony Dosseto, George Hilley, Corey Lawrence, Simon Mudd and Cliff Reibe supplied comments that improved this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 151 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.12.008 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ9DK UT WOS:000348511600001 ER PT J AU Desai, AR Xu, K Tian, H Weishampel, P Thom, J Baumann, D Andrews, AE Cook, BD King, JY Kolka, R AF Desai, Ankur R. Xu, Ke Tian, Hanqin Weishampel, Peter Thom, Jonathan Baumann, Dan Andrews, Arlyn E. Cook, Bruce D. King, Jennifer Y. Kolka, Randall TI Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methane; Eddy covariance; Regional flux; Land-atmosphere ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; PROCESS-BASED MODEL; EDDY-COVARIANCE; NATURAL WETLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEM; INTEGRATED MODEL; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; UPPER MIDWEST AB Simulating the magnitude and variability of terrestrial methane sources and sinks poses a challenge to ecosystem models because the biophysical and biogeochemical processes that lead to methane emissions from terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems are, by their nature, episodic and spatially disjunct. As a consequence, model predictions of regional methane emissions based on field campaigns from short eddy covariance towers or static chambers have large uncertainties, because measurements focused on a particular known source of methane emission will be biased compared to regional estimates with regards to magnitude, spatial scale, or frequency of these emissions. Given the relatively large importance of predicting future terrestrial methane fluxes for constraining future atmospheric methane growth rates, a clear need exists to reduce spatiotemporal uncertainties. In 2010, an Ameriflux tower (US-PFa) near Park Falls, WI, USA, was instrumented with closed-path methane flux measurements at 122 m above ground in a mixed wetland-upland landscape representative of the Great Lakes region. Two years of flux observations revealed an average annual methane (CH4) efflux of 785 +/- 75 mg C-CH4 m(-2) yr(-1), compared to a mean CO2 sink of -80g C-CO2 m(-2) yr(-1), a ratio of 1% in magnitude on a mole basis. Interannual variability in methane flux was 30% of the mean flux and driven by suppression of methane emissions during dry conditions in late summer 2012. Though relatively small, the magnitude of the methane source from the very tall tower measurements was mostly within the range previously measured using static chambers at nearby wetlands, but larger than a simple scaling of those fluxes to the tower footprint. Seasonal patterns in methane fluxes were similar to those simulated in the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), but magnitude depends on model parameterization and input data, especially regarding wetland extent. The model was unable to simulate short-term (sub-weekly) variability. Temperature was found to be a stronger driver of regional CH4 flux than moisture availability or net ecosystem production at the daily to monthly scale. Taken together, these results emphasize the multi-timescale dependence of drivers of regional methane flux and the importance of long, continuous time series for their characterization. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Desai, Ankur R.; Xu, Ke; Thom, Jonathan] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Weishampel, Peter] Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Great Lakes Domain, Land O Lakes, WI USA. [Baumann, Dan] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cook, Bruce D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [King, Jennifer Y.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kolka, Randall] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Desai, AR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM desai@aos.wisc.edu RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; King, Jennifer Y./I-5986-2015; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012 OI Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; King, Jennifer Y./0000-0003-3433-5952; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) biology directorate [DEB-0845166, DBI-1062204]; NASA NACP Project [NNG05GD51G]; USDA Forest Service Northern Global Change program; NOAA FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) biology directorate grants DEB-0845166 and DBI-1062204. We also acknowledge the contributions of R. Strand and J. Ayers at State of Wisconsin Educational Communications Board, K. Davis at The Pennsylvania State University, and P. Bolstad at the University of Minnesota. Static chamber measurements were supported by NASA NACP Project # NNG05GD51G and the USDA Forest Service Northern Global Change program. Jonathan Kofler and Jonathan Williams were funded by NOAA to provide site and CO2 and CH4 profile instrument support. This project contributes to the North American Carbon Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 114 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 201 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.017 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY9IN UT WOS:000347863900007 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ Clarke, RT Merten, GH AF Horowitz, Arthur J. Clarke, Robin T. Merten, Gustavo Henrique TI The effects of sample scheduling and sample numbers on estimates of the annual fluxes of suspended sediment in fluvial systems SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; annual fluxes; sample numbers; sample scheduling; rating curves; monitoring programmes ID TRACE-ELEMENT; RATING CURVES; METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WATER MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENT FLUXES; LOAD ESTIMATION; PROGRAM; STREAM; GEORGIA AB Since the 1970s, there has been both continuing and growing interest in developing accurate estimates of the annual fluvial transport (fluxes and loads) of suspended sediment and sediment-associated chemical constituents. This study provides an evaluation of the effects of manual sample numbers (from 4 to 12year(-1)) and sample scheduling (random-based, calendar-based and hydrology-based) on the precision, bias and accuracy of annual suspended sediment flux estimates. The evaluation is based on data from selected US Geological Survey daily suspended sediment stations in the USA and covers basins ranging in area from just over 900km(2) to nearly 2millionkm(2) and annual suspended sediment fluxes ranging from about 4Ktyear(-1) to about 200Mtyear(-1). The results appear to indicate that there is a scale effect for random-based and calendar-based sampling schemes, with larger sample numbers required as basin size decreases. All the sampling schemes evaluated display some level of positive (overestimates) or negative (underestimates) bias. The study further indicates that hydrology-based sampling schemes are likely to generate the most accurate annual suspended sediment flux estimates with the fewest number of samples, regardless of basin size. This type of scheme seems most appropriate when the determination of suspended sediment concentrations, sediment-associated chemical concentrations, annual suspended sediment and annual suspended sediment-associated chemical fluxes only represent a few of the parameters of interest in multidisciplinary, multiparameter monitoring programmes. The results are just as applicable to the calibration of autosamplers/suspended sediment surrogates currently used to measure/estimate suspended sediment concentrations and ultimately, annual suspended sediment fluxes, because manual samples are required to adjust the sample data/measurements generated by these techniques so that they provide depth-integrated and cross-sectionally representative data. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Horowitz, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Horowitz, Arthur J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Clarke, Robin T.; Merten, Gustavo Henrique] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Hydraul Res, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Suite 500,1770 Corp Dr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1002/hyp.10172 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AY9DD UT WOS:000347848900005 ER PT J AU Stewart, RD Abou Najm, MR Rupp, DE Lane, JW Uribe, HC Arumi, JL Selker, JS AF Stewart, Ryan D. Abou Najm, Majdi R. Rupp, David E. Lane, John W. Uribe, Hamil C. Luis Arumi, Jose Selker, John S. TI Hillslope run-off thresholds with shrink-swell clay soils SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hillslope; hydrology; vertisols; shrink-swell soils; run-off; infiltration ID VOLUME CHANGE; WATER-CONTENT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SURFACE RUNOFF; MODEL; INFILTRATION; CRACKING; SCALE; DRY; SENSITIVITY AB Irrigation experiments on 12 instrumented field plots were used to assess the impact of dynamic soil crack networks on infiltration and run-off. During applications of intensity similar to a heavy rainstorm, water was seen being preferentially delivered within the soil profile. However, run-off was not observed until soil water content of the profile reached field capacity, and the apertures of surface-connected cracks had closed >60%. Electrical resistivity measurements suggested that subsurface cracks persisted and enhanced lateral transport, even in wet conditions. Likewise, single-ring infiltration measurements taken before and after irrigation indicated that infiltration remained an important component of the water budget at high soil water content values, despite apparent surface sealing. Overall, although the wetting and sealing of the soil profile showed considerable complexity, an emergent property at the hillslope scale was observed: all of the plots demonstrated a strikingly similar threshold run-off response to the cumulative precipitation amount. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Stewart, Ryan D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Abou Najm, Majdi R.] Amer Univ Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. [Rupp, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lane, John W.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT USA. [Uribe, Hamil C.] Inst Nacl Invest Agr, Quilamapu, Chile. [Luis Arumi, Jose] Univ Concepcion, Dept Recursos Hidr, Chillan, Chile. [Stewart, Ryan D.; Selker, John S.] Oregon State Univ, Biol & Ecol Engn Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Stewart, RD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ryan.stewart@vt.edu RI Rupp, David/G-8171-2014; OI Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094; Stewart, Ryan/0000-0002-9700-0351 FU National Science Foundation [0943682] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. 0943682. The authors wish to thank Sra. Irene Acevedo for generously providing the use of her property for purposes of this study. Likewise, the authors would like to recognize the contributions of Dr Diego Rivera, Mr Carlos Cea, Alejandra Lavados Carrasco, Abraham Arevalo Neira, and Viviana Gavilan Pino of the Department of Recursos Hidricos at the Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan; Dr J. Reed Glassman of Willamette Geological Service; Brian Dougherty and John Hesseltine of Oregon State University; and Emeline Perret and Lifang Xie of INP-ENSEEIHT. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 557 EP 571 DI 10.1002/hyp.10165 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AY9DD UT WOS:000347848900007 ER PT J AU Michel, RL Aggarwal, P Araguas-Araguas, L Kurttas, T Newman, BD Vitvar, T AF Michel, Robert L. Aggarwal, Pradeep Araguas-Araguas, Luis Kurttas, Turker Newman, Brent D. Vitvar, Tomas TI A simplified approach to analysing historical and recent tritium data in surface waters SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE tritium; timescales; river basin ID RIVER-BASINS; NEW-ZEALAND; TIME; STREAMFLOW; HYDROLOGY; RECORDS; STORAGE; VALLEY AB Tritium concentrations in river and stream waters from different locations can be compared by normalizing them using the ratio of tritium concentrations in precipitation and surface water (C-p/C-s) in the study area. This study uses these ratios in a hydrological residence time context to make regional- and global-scale comparisons about river basin dynamics. Prior to the advent of nuclear weapons testing, the C-p/C-s ratio was greater than or equal to 1 everywhere because of the decay of tritium in the watershed after it was deposited by precipitation. After an initial increase in the ratios during the bomb peak, the ratio dropped to less than 1 for most surface waters in the following years. This post-bomb change in the ratio is due to the retention of the bomb-pulse water in watersheds on timescales that are long relative to the residence time of tritium in the atmosphere. Ratios were calculated for over 6500 measurements of tritium in river and stream waters compiled by the International Atomic Energy Agency. These measurements span the post-nuclear era (1940s to present) and include many long-term datasets, which make it possible to examine residence times of waters in watersheds on a global basis. Plotting C-p/C-s versus time shows that ratios tended to reach a minimum in approximately one to two decades after the bomb peak for most locations. This result suggests that changes affecting quantity and quality of river flows need to be assessed on a multi-decadal timescale. These long lag times have significant implications for assessing climate or land-use change impacts on a large number of river systems around the world. The continuing value of tritium in studying surface water systems for both the Southern and Northern Hemisphere is also demonstrated. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Michel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94024 USA. [Aggarwal, Pradeep; Araguas-Araguas, Luis; Kurttas, Turker; Newman, Brent D.; Vitvar, Tomas] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Michel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94024 USA. EM rlmichel@usgs.gov RI aggarwal, pradeep/C-8367-2016; Kurttas, Turker/E-7511-2013 OI aggarwal, pradeep/0000-0001-5970-1408; NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 572 EP 578 DI 10.1002/hyp.10174 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AY9DD UT WOS:000347848900008 ER PT J AU Reimann, C Englmaier, P Fabian, K Gough, L Lamothe, P Smith, D AF Reimann, C. Englmaier, P. Fabian, K. Gough, L. Lamothe, P. Smith, D. TI Biogeochemical plant-soil interaction: Variable element composition in leaves of four plant species collected along a south-north transect at the southern tip of Norway SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Transect; Birch; Willow; Juniper; Heather; Critical zone ID O-HORIZON SAMPLES; NORWEGIAN FOREST SOILS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; GEOCHEMICAL GRADIENTS; HEAVY-METALS; REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MOSS; TOXICITY; EARTHS AB Leaves from four different plant species (birch, willow, juniper, and heather) together with samples of the soil O and C horizons were collected at 44-46 sites along a south-to-north transect extending inland for 200 km from the southern tip of Norway. The transect covers one of the steepest vegetation gradients on Earth, crossing six vegetation zones. Juniper and heather are evergreen, and preferably exclude potentially toxic elements to avoid their accumulation in assimilating tissues, birch and willow shed their leaves in autumn together with the load of potentially toxic elements, and thus can tolerate the uptake of such elements. The plant leaves show the highest concentrations for B, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, P, Rb and S. In the soil O-horizon Ag, Au, As, Bi, Cu, Ge, Hg, In, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te and W are enriched with respect to the C-horizon, whilst Mn and Rb are depleted. Cadmium, Sr and Zn are enriched in willow and Cs, Na and Tl in heather. In terms of concentration gradients from the coast inland, two different patterns are detected: 1) short range with an almost exponential decrease of concentrations from the coast, which appears to be typical for seaspray-related element input, and 2) long range with an almost linear decrease of concentrations with distance from the coast. These patterns differ among the four species, even for one and the same element. Inter-element correlation is different from material to material. Along the transect each of the different plants at the same site individually adapts to the available element combination. High linear correlations in the plants occur between the lanthanides (La, Ce,Y), and interestingly, between P and Ti. The plant/soil system appears highly non-linear and self-regulated. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reimann, C.; Fabian, K.] Geol Survey Norway NGU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Englmaier, P.] Univ Vienna, Fac Life Sci, Dept Freshwater Ecol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Gough, L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lamothe, P.; Smith, D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reimann, C (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway NGU, POB 6315 Sluppen, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM clemens.reimann@ngu.no NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 506 BP 480 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.079 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY4WW UT WOS:000347576800050 PM 25437765 ER PT J AU Breitburg, DL Hondorp, D Audemard, C Carnegie, RB Burrell, RB Trice, M Clark, V AF Breitburg, Denise L. Hondorp, Darryl Audemard, Corinne Carnegie, Ryan B. Burrell, Rebecca B. Trice, Mark Clark, Virginia TI Landscape-Level Variation in Disease Susceptibility Related to Shallow-Water Hypoxia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; PARASITE PERKINSUS-MARINUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; HYPERCAPNIC HYPOXIA; VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; OYSTER POPULATIONS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DYNAMICS AB Diel-cycling hypoxia is widespread in shallow portions of estuaries and lagoons, especially in systems with high nutrient loads resulting from human activities. Far less is known about the effects of this form of hypoxia than deeper-water seasonal or persistent low dissolved oxygen. We examined field patterns of diel-cycling hypoxia and used field and laboratory experiments to test its effects on acquisition and progression of Perkinsus marinus infections in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, as well as on oyster growth and filtration. P. marinus infections cause the disease known as Dermo, have been responsible for declines in oyster populations, and have limited success of oyster restoration efforts. The severity of diel-cycling hypoxia varied among shallow monitored sites in Chesapeake Bay, and average daily minimum dissolved oxygen was positively correlated with average daily minimum pH. In both field and laboratory experiments, diel-cycling hypoxia increased acquisition and progression of infections, with stronger results found for younger (1-year-old) than older (2-3-year-old) oysters, and more pronounced effects on both infections and growth found in the field than in the laboratory. Filtration by oysters was reduced during brief periods of exposure to severe hypoxia. This should have reduced exposure to waterborne P. marinus, and contributed to the negative relationship found between hypoxia frequency and oyster growth. Negative effects of hypoxia on the host immune response is, therefore, the likely mechanism leading to elevated infections in oysters exposed to hypoxia relative to control treatments. Because there is considerable spatial variation in the frequency and severity of hypoxia, diel-cycling hypoxia may contribute to landscape-level spatial variation in disease dynamics within and among estuarine systems. C1 [Breitburg, Denise L.; Hondorp, Darryl; Burrell, Rebecca B.; Clark, Virginia] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Hondorp, Darryl] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Audemard, Corinne; Carnegie, Ryan B.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Trice, Mark] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Breitburg, DL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM breitburgd@si.edu FU MD Sea Grant [SA7528085-CC]; Smithsonian Institution Johnson Fund; Smithsonian Women's Committee FX Research was funded by Award # SA7528085-CC from MD Sea Grant to DLB and CA, Smithsonian Institution Johnson Fund to DH, and Smithsonian Women's Committee funding to VC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 11 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 2 AR e0116223 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0116223 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CB3RF UT WOS:000349545300018 PM 25671595 ER PT J AU King, DA Bachelet, DM Symstad, AJ Ferschweiler, K Hobbins, M AF King, David A. Bachelet, Dominique M. Symstad, Amy J. Ferschweiler, Ken Hobbins, Michael TI Estimation of potential evapotranspiration from extraterrestrial radiation, air temperature and humidity to assess future climate change effects on the vegetation of the Northern Great Plains, USA SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; MCI; Great Plains USA; Potential evapotranspiration; Vegetation dynamics ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; SOLAR-RADIATION; EXPANSION; DROUGHT; FIRE; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; EVAPORATION AB The potential evapotranspiration (PET) that would occur with unlimited plant access to water is a central driver of simulated plant growth in many ecological models. PET is influenced by solar and longwave radiation, temperature, wind speed, and humidity, but it is often modeled as a function of temperature alone. This approach can cause biases in projections of future climate impacts in part because it confounds the effects of warming due to increased greenhouse gases with that which would be caused by increased radiation from the sun. We developed an algorithm for linking PET to extraterrestrial solar radiation (incoming top-of atmosphere solar radiation), as well as temperature and atmospheric water vapor pressure, and incorporated this algorithm into the dynamic global vegetation model MC1. We tested the new algorithm for the Northern Great Plains, USA, whose remaining grasslands are threatened by continuing woody encroachment. Both the new and the standard temperature-dependent MC1 algorithm adequately simulated current PET, as compared to the more rigorous PenPan model of Rotstayn et al. (2006). However, compared to the standard algorithm, the new algorithm projected a much more gradual increase in PET over the 21st century for three contrasting future climates. This difference led to lower simulated drought effects and hence greater woody encroachment with the new algorithm, illustrating the importance of more rigorous calculations of PET in ecological models dealing with climate change. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [King, David A.; Bachelet, Dominique M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bachelet, Dominique M.; Ferschweiler, Ken] Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Symstad, Amy J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. [Hobbins, Michael] NOAA, ESRL, Natl Integrated Drought Informat Syst, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP King, DA (reprint author), 845 SW 10th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kingda@onid.oregonstate.edu RI Hobbins, Mike/N-4630-2014 OI Hobbins, Mike/0000-0001-5789-5229 FU U.S. Department of Interior's North Central Climate Science Center FX We thank Richard Waring, Joe Barsugli, Andrea Ray and David Turner for helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Interior's North Central Climate Science Center. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2015 VL 297 BP 86 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.10.037 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB1ZA UT WOS:000349425300011 ER PT J AU Craine, JM Elmore, AJ Wang, LX Augusto, L Baisden, WT Brookshire, ENJ Cramer, MD Hasselquist, NJ Hobbie, EA Kahmen, A Koba, K Kranabetter, JM Mack, MC Marin-Spiotta, E Mayor, JR McLauchlan, KK Michelsen, A Nardoto, GB Oliveira, RS Perakis, SS Peri, PL Quesada, CA Richter, A Schipper, LA Stevenson, BA Tumer, BL Viani, RAG Wanek, W Zeller, B AF Craine, Joseph M. Elmore, Andrew J. Wang, Lixin Augusto, Laurent Baisden, W. Troy Brookshire, E. N. J. Cramer, Michael D. Hasselquist, Niles J. Hobbie, Erik A. Kahmen, Ansgar Koba, Keisuke Kranabetter, J. Marty Mack, Michelle C. Marin-Spiotta, Erika Mayor, Jordan R. McLauchlan, Kendra K. Michelsen, Anders Nardoto, Gabriela B. Oliveira, Rafael S. Perakis, Steven S. Peri, Pablo L. Quesada, Carlos A. Richter, Andreas Schipper, Louis A. Stevenson, Bryan A. Tumer, Benjamin L. Viani, Ricardo A. G. Wanek, Wolfgang Zeller, Bernd TI Convergence of soil nitrogen isotopes across global climate gradients SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; INORGANIC NITROGEN; TROPICAL FORESTS; CARBON; PATTERNS; MODEL; FRACTIONATION; AVAILABILITY AB Quantifying global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling is central to predicting future patterns of primary productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient fluxes to aquatic systems, and climate forcing. With limited direct measures of soil N cycling at the global scale, syntheses of the N-15 : N-14 ratio of soil organic matter across climate gradients provide key insights into understanding global patterns of N cycling. In synthesizing data from over 6000 soil samples, we show strong global relationships among soil N isotopes, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and the concentrations of organic carbon and clay in soil. In both hot ecosystems and dry ecosystems, soil organic matter was more enriched in N-15 than in corresponding cold ecosystems or wet ecosystems. Below a MAT of 9.8 degrees C, soil delta N-15 was invariant with MAT. At the global scale, soil organic C concentrations also declined with increasing MAT and decreasing MAP. After standardizing for variation among mineral soils in soil C and clay concentrations, soil delta N-15 showed no consistent trends across global climate and latitudinal gradients. Our analyses could place new constraints on interpretations of patterns of ecosystem N cycling and global budgets of gaseous N loss. C1 [Craine, Joseph M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Elmore, Andrew J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Wang, Lixin] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Augusto, Laurent] Bordeaux Sci Agro, INRA, UMR TCEM 1220, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Baisden, W. Troy] GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Brookshire, E. N. J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cramer, Michael D.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Rondebosch, South Africa. [Hasselquist, Niles J.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Hobbie, Erik A.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kahmen, Ansgar] Dept Environm Sci Bot, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Koba, Keisuke] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Inst Agr, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan. [Kranabetter, J. Marty] British Columbia Minist Forests, Lands & Nat Resource Operat, Victoria, BC V8Z 5J3, Canada. [Mack, Michelle C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. [Marin-Spiotta, Erika] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mayor, Jordan R.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [McLauchlan, Kendra K.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Nardoto, Gabriela B.] Univ Brasilia, Fac UnB Planaltina, BR-73345010 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Oliveira, Rafael S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Vegetal, BR-13083862 Campinas, Brazil. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peri, Pablo L.] Univ Nacl Patagonia, Austral INTA CONICET, RA-9400 Santa Cruz, CA, Argentina. [Quesada, Carlos A.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69011 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Richter, Andreas] Univ Vienna, Dept Terr Ecosyst Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Schipper, Louis A.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Stevenson, Bryan A.] Landcare Res Hamilton, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Tumer, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Viani, Ricardo A. G.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, DBPVA, Ctr Ciencias Agr, BR-13600970 Araras, SP, Brazil. [Zeller, Bernd] INRA Nancy, Biogeochim Ecosyst Forestiers, F-54280 Champenoux, France. RP Craine, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM josephmcraine@gmail.com RI Schipper, Louis/F-1605-2010; Craine, Joseph/D-4569-2009; Oliveira, Rafael/B-3422-2013; Wang, Lixin/A-2572-2008; Koba, Keisuke/A-3699-2012; Richter, Andreas/D-8483-2012; Elmore, Andrew/D-4341-2012; Wanek, Wolfgang/E-7001-2012; Michelsen, Anders/L-5279-2014; Nardoto, Gabriela/J-7459-2012; OI Schipper, Louis/0000-0001-9899-1276; Craine, Joseph/0000-0001-6561-3244; Oliveira, Rafael/0000-0002-6392-2526; Wang, Lixin/0000-0003-0968-1247; Koba, Keisuke/0000-0003-1942-9811; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3282-4808; Elmore, Andrew/0000-0002-9697-9457; Wanek, Wolfgang/0000-0003-2178-8258; Michelsen, Anders/0000-0002-9541-8658; Nardoto, Gabriela/0000-0001-8062-7417; Marin-Spiotta, Erika/0000-0001-7343-9354 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 11 U2 101 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 6 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 8280 DI 10.1038/srep08280 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA4VJ UT WOS:000348903800001 PM 25655192 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Qualls, WA Marshall, JM Arheart, KL DeAngelis, DL McManus, JW Traore, SF Doumbia, S Schlein, Y Muller, GC Beier, JC AF Zhu, Lin Qualls, Whitney A. Marshall, John M. Arheart, Kris L. DeAngelis, Donald L. McManus, John W. Traore, Sekou F. Doumbia, Seydou Schlein, Yosef Mueller, Guenter C. Beier, John C. TI A spatial individual-based model predicting a great impact of copious sugar sources and resting sites on survival of Anopheles gambiae and malaria parasite transmission SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Anopheles gambiae; Sugar-feeding; Resting; Behavior; Individual-based model; Agent-based model ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; SENSU-STRICTO DIPTERA; VECTORIAL CAPACITY; WEST-AFRICA; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; INOCULATION RATES; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; KENYAN COAST; HOST-SEEKING; CULICIDAE AB Background: Agent-based modelling (ABM) has been used to simulate mosquito life cycles and to evaluate vector control applications. However, most models lack sugar-feeding and resting behaviours or are based on mathematical equations lacking individual level randomness and spatial components of mosquito life. Here, a spatial individual-based model (IBM) incorporating sugar-feeding and resting behaviours of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae was developed to estimate the impact of environmental sugar sources and resting sites on survival and biting behaviour. Methods: A spatial IBM containing An. gambiae mosquitoes and humans, as well as the village environment of houses, sugar sources, resting sites and larval habitat sites was developed. Anopheles gambiae behaviour rules were attributed at each step of the IBM: resting, host seeking, sugar feeding and breeding. Each step represented one second of time, and each simulation was set to run for 60 days and repeated 50 times. Scenarios of different densities and spatial distributions of sugar sources and outdoor resting sites were simulated and compared. Results: When the number of natural sugar sources was increased from 0 to 100 while the number of resting sites was held constant, mean daily survival rate increased from 2.5% to 85.1% for males and from 2.5% to 94.5% for females, mean human biting rate increased from 0 to 0.94 bites per human per day, and mean daily abundance increased from 1 to 477 for males and from 1 to 1,428 for females. When the number of outdoor resting sites was increased from 0 to 50 while the number of sugar sources was held constant, mean daily survival rate increased from 77.3% to 84.3% for males and from 86.7% to 93.9% for females, mean human biting rate increased from 0 to 0.52 bites per human per day, and mean daily abundance increased from 62 to 349 for males and from 257 to 1120 for females. All increases were significant (P < 0.01). Survival was greater when sugar sources were randomly distributed in the whole village compared to clustering around outdoor resting sites or houses. Conclusions: Increases in densities of sugar sources or outdoor resting sites significantly increase the survival and human biting rates of An. gambiae mosquitoes. Survival of An. gambiae is more supported by random distribution of sugar sources than clustering of sugar sources around resting sites or houses. Density and spatial distribution of natural sugar sources and outdoor resting sites modulate vector populations and human biting rates, and thus malaria parasite transmission. C1 [Zhu, Lin; Qualls, Whitney A.; Arheart, Kris L.; Beier, John C.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Marshall, John M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, USGS Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [McManus, John W.] Univ Miami, Dept Marine Biol & Ecol, Miami, FL USA. [Traore, Sekou F.; Doumbia, Seydou] Univ Bamako, Fac Med Pharm & Odonto Stomatol, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Schlein, Yosef; Mueller, Guenter C.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IMRIC, Fac Med, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis,Dept Microbiol, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM l.zhu3@med.miami.edu FU National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [R01AI100968] FX We would like to thank Professor Chris Cosner, Professor Robert Cantrell, Professor Shigui Ruan and Harold Gill for the discussion on developing the model. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01AI100968. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD FEB 5 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 59 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0555-0 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CB7HG UT WOS:000349796900001 PM 25652678 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Adame, MF Bennion, V Hayes, M Reef, R Santini, N Cahoon, DR AF Lovelock, Catherine E. Adame, Maria Fernanda Bennion, Vicki Hayes, Matthew Reef, Ruth Santini, Nadia Cahoon, Donald R. TI Sea level and turbidity controls on mangrove soil surface elevation change SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Avicenna marina; Rhizophora stylosa; sedimentation; subsidence; subtropical; Moreton Bay ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; WETLAND SEDIMENT ELEVATION; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL WETLANDS; MORETON BAY; AUSTRALIA; FORESTS; RISE; QUEENSLAND AB Increases in sea level are a threat to seaward fringing mangrove forests if levels of inundation exceed the physiological tolerance of the trees; however, tidal wetlands can keep pace with sea level rise if soil surface elevations can increase at the same pace as sea level rise. Sediment accretion on the soil surface and belowground production of roots are proposed to increase with increasing sea level, enabling intertidal habitats to maintain their position relative to mean sea level, but there are few tests of these predictions in mangrove forests. Here we used variation in sea level and the availability of sediments caused by seasonal and inter-annual variation in the intensity of La Nina-El Nino to assess the effects of increasing sea level on surface elevation gains and contributing processes (accretion on the surface, subsidence and root growth) in mangrove forests. We found that soil surface elevation increased with mean sea level (which varied over 250 mm during the study) and with turbidity at sites where fine sediment in the water column is abundant. In contrast, where sediments were sandy, rates of surface elevation gain were high, but not significantly related to variation in turbidity, and were likely to be influenced by other factors that deliver sand to the mangrove forest. Root growth was not linked to soil surface elevation gains, although it was associated with reduced shallow subsidence, and therefore may contribute to the capacity of mangroves to keep pace with sea level rise. Our results indicate both surface (sedimentation) and subsurface (root growth) processes can influence mangrove capacity to keep pace with sea level rise within the same geographic location, and that current models of tidal marsh responses to sea level rise capture the major feature of the response of mangroves where fine, but not coarse, sediments are abundant. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lovelock, Catherine E.; Bennion, Vicki; Hayes, Matthew; Reef, Ruth; Santini, Nadia] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Adame, Maria Fernanda] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Cahoon, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012 OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855 NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 79 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2015 VL 153 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.11.026 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CA9VH UT WOS:000349272400002 ER PT J AU Horner, TJ Williams, HM Hein, JR Saito, MA Burton, KW Halliday, AN Nielsen, SG AF Horner, Tristan J. Williams, Helen M. Hein, James R. Saito, Mak A. Burton, Kevin W. Halliday, Alex N. Nielsen, Sune G. TI Persistence of deeply sourced iron in the Pacific Ocean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE marine chemistry; micronutrient cycling; iron biogeochemistry; isotopic fingerprinting; ferromanganese oxides ID FE ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; INORGANIC AQUEOUS FE(III); MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; DISSOLVED IRON; ORGANIC COMPLEXATION; SIDEROPHORE COMPLEX; HYDROTHERMAL PLUME; SURFACE WATERS; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Biological carbon fixation is limited by the supply of Fe in vast regions of the global ocean. Dissolved Fe in seawater is primarily sourced from continental mineral dust, submarine hydrothermalism, and sediment dissolution along continental margins. However, the relative contributions of these three sources to the Fe budget of the open ocean remains contentious. By exploiting the Fe stable isotopic fingerprints of these sources, it is possible to trace distinct Fe pools through marine environments, and through time using sedimentary records. We present a reconstruction of deep-sea Fe isotopic compositions from a Pacific Fe-Mn crust spanning the past 76 My. We find that there have been large and systematic changes in the Fe isotopic composition of seawater over the Cenozoic that reflect the influence of several, distinct Fe sources to the central Pacific Ocean. Given that deeply sourced Fe from hydrothermalism and marginal sediment dissolution exhibit the largest Fe isotopic variations in modern oceanic settings, the record requires that these deep Fe sources have exerted a major control over the Fe inventory of the Pacific for the past 76 My. The persistence of deeply sourced Fe in the Pacific Ocean illustrates that multiple sources contribute to the total Fe budget of the ocean and highlights the importance of oceanic circulation in determining if deeply sourced Fe is ever ventilated at the surface. C1 [Horner, Tristan J.; Saito, Mak A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nielsen, Sune G.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Williams, Helen M.; Burton, Kevin W.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Williams, Helen M.; Burton, Kevin W.; Halliday, Alex N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Horner, TJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Tristan.Horner@whoi.edu; h.m.williams2@durham.ac.uk OI Nielsen, Sune/0000-0002-0458-3739; Horner, Tristan/0000-0003-1784-0391 FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Doherty Foundation; Ocean and Climate Change Institute; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F014295/1]; European Research Council (ERC) [306655]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [3782] FX We thank D. N. Schmidt, T. van de Flierdt, T. M. Conway, W. B. Homoky, P. E. Lerner, J. D. Owens, S. Severmann, and-in particular-J. N. Fitzsimmons for some lively discussions; K. E. Egan and F. Poitrasson for constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript; and the editor and several anonymous reviewers for helping us to craft a substantially improved paper. T.J.H. was supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the Doherty Foundation and the Ocean and Climate Change Institute. H.M.W. was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/F014295/1) and the European Research Council (ERC) (306655, HabitablePlanet). M.A.S. is grateful for support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (3782). A.N.H. acknowledges the ERC for supporting isotopic research at the University of Oxford. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 58 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 3 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1292 EP 1297 DI 10.1073/pnas.1420188112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA7HF UT WOS:000349087700032 PM 25605900 ER PT J AU McIntyre, PJ Thorne, JH Dolanc, CR Flint, AL Flint, LE Kelly, M Ackerly, DD AF McIntyre, Patrick J. Thorne, James H. Dolanc, Christopher R. Flint, Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Kelly, Maggi Ackerly, David D. TI Twentieth-century shifts in forest structure in California: Denser forests, smaller trees, and increased dominance of oaks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE global change; forest; historical ecology; climatic water deficit ID SPECIES OPTIMUM ELEVATIONS; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; DRIVE DOWNHILL SHIFTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; WATER-BALANCE; VEGETATION MORTALITY; SEVERE DROUGHT AB We document changes in forest structure between historical (1930s) and contemporary (2000s) surveys of California vegetation through comparisons of tree abundance and size across the state and within several ecoregions. Across California, tree density in forested regions increased by 30% between the two time periods, whereas forest biomass in the same regions declined, as indicated by a 19% reduction in basal area. These changes reflect a demographic shift in forest structure: larger trees (>61 cm diameter at breast height) have declined, whereas smaller trees (<30 cm) have increased. Large tree declines were found in all surveyed regions of California, whereas small tree increases were found in every region except the south and central coast. Large tree declines were more severe in areas experiencing greater increases in climaticwater deficit since the 1930s, based on a hydrologic model of water balance for historical climates through the 20th century. Forest composition in California in the last century has also shifted toward increased dominance by oaks relative to pines, a pattern consistent with warming and increased water stress, and also with paleohistoric shifts in vegetation in California over the last 150,000 y. C1 [McIntyre, Patrick J.; Ackerly, David D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Initiat Global Change Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McIntyre, Patrick J.; Ackerly, David D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thorne, James H.; Dolanc, Christopher R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Informat Ctr Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dolanc, Christopher R.] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Flint, Alan L.; Flint, Lorraine E.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kelly, Maggi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ackerly, David D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol & Jepson Herbarium, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McIntyre, PJ (reprint author), Biogeog Data Branch, Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. EM Patrick.McIntyre@wildlife.ca.gov FU Berkeley Holos Ecoinformatics Engine (ecoengine.berkeley.edu) project; W. M. Keck Foundation [032510]; Gordon and BettyMoore Foundation [2983, 2984]; California Energy Commission [CEC PIR-08-006]; National Science Foundation [0819493]; US Forest Service; Berkeley Initiative for Global Change Biology (via the office of the Vice-Chancellor for Research) FX We thank C. Ramirez and D. Beardsly of the US Forest Service for help with FIA data; and S. Maher, G. Rapacciuolo, V. Bowie, S. Hinman, and N. I. Cacho for valuable feedback and discussion. C. Marshall and R. Gillespie provided support through the Berkeley Holos Ecoinformatics Engine (ecoengine.berkeley.edu) project. Funding was provided by the W. M. Keck Foundation (032510) and the Gordon and BettyMoore Foundation (2983 and 2984), California Energy Commission CEC PIR-08-006, National Science Foundation Grant 0819493, US Forest Service, and Berkeley Initiative for Global Change Biology (via the office of the Vice-Chancellor for Research). NR 58 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 13 U2 83 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 3 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1458 EP 1463 DI 10.1073/pnas.1410186112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA7HF UT WOS:000349087700060 PM 25605888 ER PT J AU Lebarbenchon, C Pedersen, JC Sreevatsan, S Ramey, AM Dugan, VG Halpin, RA Ferro, PJ Lupiani, B Enomoto, S Poulson, RL Smeltzer, M Cardona, CJ Tompkins, SM Wentworth, DE Stallknecht, DE Brown, JD AF Lebarbenchon, Camille Pedersen, Janice C. Sreevatsan, Srinand Ramey, Andrew M. Dugan, Vivien G. Halpin, Rebecca A. Ferro, Pamela J. Lupiani, Blanca Enomoto, Shinichiro Poulson, Rebecca L. Smeltzer, Martin Cardona, Carol J. Tompkins, S. Mark Wentworth, David E. Stallknecht, David E. Brown, Justin D. TI H7N9 influenza A virus in turkeys in Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RECEPTOR-BINDING; HUMAN INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; WILD BIRDS; ORIGIN; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; SUBTYPES AB Introductions of H7 influenza A virus (IAV) from wild birds into poultry have been documented worldwide, resulting in varying degrees of morbidity and mortality. H7 IAV infection in domestic poultry has served as a source of human infection and disease. We report the detection of H7N9 subtype IAVs in Minnesota (MN) turkey farms during 2009 and 2011. The full genome was sequenced from eight isolates as well as the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments of H7 and N9 virus subtypes for 108 isolates from North American wild birds between 1986 and 2012. Through maximum-likelihood and coalescent phylogenetic analyses, we identified the recent H7 and N9 IAV ancestors of the turkey-origin H7N9 IAVs, estimated the time and geographical origin of the ancestral viruses, and determined the relatedness between the 2009 and 2011 turkey-origin H7N9 IAVs. Analyses supported that the 2009 and 2011 viruses were distantly related genetically, suggesting that the two outbreaks arose from independent introduction events from wild birds. Our findings further supported that the 2011 MN turkey-origin H7N9 virus was closely related to H7N9 IAVs isolated in poultry in Nebraska during the same year. Although the precise origin of the wild-bird donor of the turkey-origin H7N9 IAVs could not be determined, our findings suggested that, for both the NA and HA gene segments, the MN turkey-origin H7N9 viruses were related to viruses circulating in wild birds between 2006 and 2011 in the Mississippi Flyway. C1 [Lebarbenchon, Camille; Ramey, Andrew M.; Poulson, Rebecca L.; Stallknecht, David E.; Brown, Justin D.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pedersen, Janice C.; Smeltzer, Martin] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sreevatsan, Srinand; Enomoto, Shinichiro] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dugan, Vivien G.; Halpin, Rebecca A.; Wentworth, David E.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Ferro, Pamela J.; Lupiani, Blanca] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tompkins, S. Mark] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jubrown1@uga.edu RI Lebarbenchon, Camille/H-7245-2013; Tompkins, Stephen/A-3317-2008; OI Lebarbenchon, Camille/0000-0002-0922-7573; Tompkins, Stephen/0000-0002-1523-5588; Wentworth, David/0000-0002-5190-980X; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C, HHSN272200900007C]; National Research Initiative of the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service AICAP [2005-3560515388 (Z507201)] FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under contract nos HHSN266200700007C and HHSN272200900007C, and the National Research Initiative of the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service AICAP grant 2005-3560515388 (Z507201). This manuscript was prepared whilst D. E. W. was employed at the J. Craig Venter Institute. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors' own and do not reflect the view of the Centers for Disease Control, the Department of Health and Human Services or the US Government. The funding agencies did not have any involvement in the study design, implementation or publishing of this study and the research presented herein represents the opinions of the authors, but not necessarily the opinions of the funding agencies. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 96 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1099/vir.0.067504-0 PN 2 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA CJ8WR UT WOS:000355784700005 PM 25351723 ER PT J AU Ferrenberg, S Kane, JM Langenhan, JM AF Ferrenberg, Scott Kane, Jeffrey M. Langenhan, Joseph M. TI To grow or defend? Pine seedlings grow less but induce more defences when a key resource is limited SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PLANT DEFENSE; BARK BEETLES; CHEMICAL DEFENSES; GENETIC-VARIATION; NORWAY SPRUCE; RESIN DUCTS; RESISTANCE; HYPOTHESIS; ATTACK C1 [Ferrenberg, Scott] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kane, Jeffrey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Langenhan, Joseph M.] Seattle Univ, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Ferrenberg, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM sferrenberg@usgs.gov OI Ferrenberg, Scott/0000-0002-3542-0334 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpv015 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CI5EQ UT WOS:000354776700001 PM 25721367 ER PT J AU Predeanu, G Panaitescu, C Balanescu, M Bieg, G Borrego, AG Diez, MA Hackley, P Kwiecinska, B Marques, M Mastalerz, M Misz-Kennan, M Pusz, S Ruiz, IS Rodrigues, S Singh, AK Varma, AK Zdravkov, A Zivotic, D AF Predeanu, G. Panaitescu, C. Balanescu, M. Bieg, G. Borrego, A. G. Diez, M. A. Hackley, P. Kwiecinska, B. Marques, M. Mastalerz, M. Misz-Kennan, M. Pusz, S. Ruiz, I. Suarez Rodrigues, S. Singh, A. K. Varma, A. K. Zdravkov, A. Zivotic, D. TI Microscopical characterization of carbon materials derived from coal and petroleum and their interaction phenomena in making steel electrodes, anodes and cathode blocks for the Microscopy of Carbon Materials Working Group of the ICCP SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of ICCP / 30th Annual Meeting of TSOP CY AUG 23-SEP 04, 2013 CL Fac Earth Sci, Sosnowiec, POLAND HO Fac Earth Sci DE Carbon material; Steel electrode; Anode; Cathode block; Round robin; ICCP ID TAR PITCH; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MESOPHASE PITCH; CARBONIZATION; BEHAVIOR; PYROLYSIS; KINETICS; BLENDS; COKES AB This paper describes the evaluation of petrographic textures representing the structural organization of the organic matter derived from coal and petroleum and their interaction phenomena in the making of steel electrodes, anodes and cathode blocks. This work represents the results of the Microscopy of Carbon Materials Working Group in Commission HI of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology between the years 2009 and 2013. The round robin exercises were run on photomicrograph samples. For textural characterization of carbon materials the existing ASTM classification system for metallurgical coke was applied. These round robin exercises involved 15 active participants from 12 laboratories who were asked to assess the coal and petroleum based carbons and to identify the morphological differences, as optical texture (isotropic/ anisotropic), optical type (punctiform, mosaic, fibre, ribbon, domain), and size. Four sets of digital black and white microphotographs comprising 151 photos containing 372 fields of different types of organic matter were examined. Based on the unique ability of carbon to form a wide range of textures, the results showed an increased number of carbon occurrences which have crucial role in the chosen industrial applications. The statistical method used to evaluate the results was based on the "raw agreement indices". It gave a new and original view on the analysts' opinion by not only counting the correct answers, but also all of the knowledge and experience of the participants. Comparative analyses of the average values of the level of overall agreement performed by each analyst in the exercises during 2009-2013 showed a great homogeneity in the results, the mean value being 90.36%, with a minimum value of 83% and a maximum value of 95%. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Predeanu, G.] UPB, Res Ctr Environm Protect & Ecofriendly Technol UP, Bucharest 011061, Romania. [Predeanu, G.] Met Res Inst, Bucharest 060543, Romania. [Panaitescu, C.] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Bucharest 011061, Romania. [Balanescu, M.] Univ Folitehn Bucharest, Ctr Res & Ecometallurg Expertise, Bucharest 060042, Romania. [Bieg, G.] Mikroskop Untersuchungen, D-45721 Haltern Am See, Germany. [Borrego, A. G.; Diez, M. A.; Ruiz, I. Suarez] CSIC, Inst Nacl Carbon, INCAR, E-33080 Oviedo, Spain. [Hackley, P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kwiecinska, B.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Marques, M.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Geol, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Mastalerz, M.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Misz-Kennan, M.] Univ Silesia, Fac Earth Sci, PL-41200 Sosnowiec, Poland. [Pusz, S.] Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Polymer & Carbon Mat, PL-41819 Zabrze, Poland. [Rodrigues, S.] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Rodrigues, S.] Univ Porto, Ctro Geol, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Varma, A. K.] Cent Inst Min & Fuel Res, Dhanbad, Bihar, India. [Varma, A. K.] Indian Sch Mines, Dept Appl Geol, Dhanbad 826004, Bihar, India. [Zdravkov, A.] Univ Min & Geol St Ivan Rilski, Dept Econ Geol, Sofia 1700, Bulgaria. [Zivotic, D.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Min & Geol, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Predeanu, G (reprint author), UPB, Res Ctr Environm Protect & Ecofriendly Technol UP, Polizu St 1,Sector 1, Bucharest 011061, Romania. EM gpredeanu@yahoo.com RI Diez, Maria Antonia/L-7743-2014; Rodrigues, Sandra/I-3988-2013; Zdravkov, Alexander/C-6314-2014; OI Diez, Maria Antonia/0000-0003-4630-0669; Rodrigues, Sandra/0000-0002-3275-0020; Zdravkov, Alexander/0000-0002-3730-3203; Balanescu, Mihaela/0000-0003-4479-8459 NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 139 SI SI BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.011 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA CH9FG UT WOS:000354340800007 ER PT J AU Swanson, SM Mastalerz, MD Engle, MA Valentine, BJ Warwick, PD Hackley, PC Belkin, HE AF Swanson, Sharon M. Mastalerz, Maria D. Engle, Mark A. Valentine, Brett J. Warwick, Peter D. Hackley, Paul C. Belkin, Harvey E. TI Pore characteristics of Wilcox Group Coal, US Gulf Coast Region: Implications for the occurrence of coalbed gas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of ICCP / 30th Annual Meeting of TSOP CY AUG 23-SEP 04, 2013 CL Fac Earth Sci, Sosnowiec, POLAND HO Fac Earth Sci DE Porosity; Micropore; Mesopore; Wilcox Group; Biogenic gas; Microbial gas ID VOLATILE BITUMINOUS COALS; METHANE SORPTION; PALEOCENE-EOCENE; OF-MEXICO; MACERAL COMPOSITION; AMERICAN COALS; BURIAL HISTORY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOWEN BASIN; BED GAS AB Pore characteristics of 27 subbituminous coal samples (16 mesh splits) from the Paleocene-Eocene Wilcox Group of north Louisiana (Ouachita and Caldwell Parishes) and south Texas (Zavala County) were examined in relation to desorbed gas content. Coal gas of the Wilcox Group is primarily biogenic in origin; thermogenic gas also may be present in some areas. On an as-received basis, desorbed gas contents range from 0.59 to 1.28 m(3)/t for Ouachita Parish samples, 0.37 to 5.19 m(3)/t for the Caldwell Parish samples, and 0.02 to 0.06 m(3)/t for the Zavala County samples. For Louisiana coal samples, micropore surface area and volume are correlated to the desorbed gas content of the Wilcox Group coal (correlations: r = 0.50 and 0.47, respectively), suggesting that micropore surface area and volume are important in terms of gas-holding capacity. Adsorption by micropores appears to be the primary form of gas storage for the Louisiana coal samples. Micropore surface area and volumes also are strongly correlated with the carbon/ash yield ratio (r = 0.97 and 0.94, respectively), indicating that gas sorption occurs primarily on organic matter. Mineral matter appears to reduce the sorption capacity of the coal. Micropore width decreases with depth (r = -0.63), probably as the result of increasing pressure and coal rank with depth. For the Louisiana coal samples, mesopore surface area is negatively correlated with the carbon/ash yield ratio (r = -0.70), suggesting that mesopores are preferentially associated with mineral matter. Average mesopore size is correlated with desorbed gas (r = 0.80) for the relatively shallow Ouachita Parish samples (average depth = 441 m, 1446 ft); these results suggest that the permeability of the Wilcox coal is greater in the shallow stratigraphic intervals compared to deeper intervals. Additionally, mesopore size decreases with depth (r = -0.80). For Ouachita Parish coal samples, negative correlations of gas with mesopore surface area (r = -0.74) and mesopore volume (r = -0.56) strongly suggest that gas is not adsorbed in mesopores, and that free gas may be present in larger mesopores, macropores, or fractures of the Wilcox coal. Results also suggest that moisture in Ouachita Parish samples is present in mesopores; moisture in mesopores may have blocked gas adsorption. The low-gas south Texas samples (average depth = 313 m, 1026 ft) are markedly different from the Louisiana samples. Specifically, micropore surface area and micropore volume are negatively correlated with desorbed gas for the Texas samples (r = -0.21 and -0.36, respectively). Geologic or environmental conditions probably were not conducive to the generation or storage of microbial gas in the Zavala County coals. The geologic settings (i.e., salinity of formation water, groundwater recharge, permeability of coal) of each study area are important factors that need to be considered in relation to the potential for generation or storage of microbial gas. In south Texas, tectonic stress may have led to a reduction in permeability in the Wilcox Group coal, creating an unfavorable environment for the generation or preservation of microbial gas. The subbituminous rank of the Zavala coals is also too low for significant thermogenic gas generation to have occurred. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Swanson, Sharon M.; Engle, Mark A.; Valentine, Brett J.; Warwick, Peter D.; Hackley, Paul C.; Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mastalerz, Maria D.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Swanson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM smswanson@usgs.gov OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783; Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551; Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374; Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Indiana Geological Survey FX This work was completed in a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and Indiana Geological Survey. We would like to thank all those involved in the collection of coal samples used in this study, which involved partnerships with the USGS, Louisiana Geological Survey, and industry. The authors also would like to thank Dr. Tina Roberts-Ashby and two unidentified reviewers for their comments and suggestions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 139 SI SI BP 80 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.012 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA CH9FG UT WOS:000354340800008 ER PT J AU Bonaccorso, FJ Todd, CM Miles, AC Gorresen, PM AF Bonaccorso, Frank J. Todd, Christopher M. Miles, Adam C. Gorresen, P. Marcos TI Foraging range movements of the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE core-use area; foraging range; Hawai'i; home range; insectivorous bats; radiotelemetry; rainforest ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT USE; CORYNORHINUS-RAFINESQUII; SYCONYCTERIS-AUSTRALIS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; RAIN-FOREST; INDIANA BAT; BROWN BATS; SIZE; BEHAVIOR AB We documented nightly movements of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) on the island of Hawai'i. Based on data from 28 radiotagged individuals mean foraging range (FR) was 230.7 +/- 72.3 ha, coreuse area (CUA) was 25.5 +/- 6.9 ha (or 11.1% of mean FR), and the mean long axis (LAX) across the FR was 3,390.8 +/- 754.3 m. There was almost no overlap in CUAs among 4 adult males having overlapping foraging areas and tracked simultaneously or within a 90-day window of each other. CUAs of subadults partially overlapped with multiple adult males or with one other subadult. High variance in FRs, cores use areas, and LAX across the FR perhaps reflect localized stochastic variables such as weather, habitat, and food resources. Hawaiian hoary bats use moderately large FRs among insectivorous bats studied with comparable methodologies; however, foraging activity indicated by documentation of acoustic feeding buzzes is concentrated within one or a few disjunct areas cumulatively forming the 50% fixed kernel of CUA. The concentration of feeding activity, low values of individual overlap, and agonistic chasing behavior within CUAs all demonstrate a structured use of individual space by Hawaiian hoary bats. C1 [Bonaccorso, Frank J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Todd, Christopher M.; Miles, Adam C.; Gorresen, P. Marcos] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. RP Bonaccorso, FJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM fbonaccorso@usgs.gov FU Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey Project [ZB00BP7.9]; Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo grant [HI.666390]; Bat Conservation International; Hawai'i Department of Forestry and Wildlife FX This research has been supported with financial, administrative, and logistical support provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey Project ZB00BP7.9, and by the Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo grant number HI.666390. Additional funds to conduct this research were provided by Bat Conservation International and the Hawai'i Department of Forestry and Wildlife. We thank the following landowners and managers for permission to observe bats on their lands: Island Princess Estates (D. Schell, General Manager), Umikoa Ranch (D. Matsuura, Managing Steward), and the Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hilo Branch Office (R. Imoto). Our research was facilitated by conscientious field assistance offered by A. Bies, C. Cornett, N. Cortez-Delgado, D. Guey-Lee, G. Parrish, A. Costello, and T. Zinn. Y. Castaneda and 3 anonymous reviewers made numerous suggestions that improved manuscript. We thank the members of the Hawaiian Bat Research Cooperative for their support and guidance throughout this research project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyu003 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CG5LV UT WOS:000353334300009 ER PT J AU Roberts, SL Kelt, DA van Wagtendonk, JW Miles, AK Meyer, MD AF Roberts, Susan L. Kelt, Douglas A. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Miles, A. Keith Meyer, Marc D. TI Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE fire effects; frequent-fire forests; nonparametric multiplicative modeling; reintroduced fire; small mammal community; species diversity ID NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; SEVERITY; HABITAT; USA; ABUNDANCE AB Fire is a natural, dynamic process that is integral to maintaining ecosystem function. The reintroduction of fire (e.g., prescribed fire, managed wildfire) is a critical management tool for protecting many frequent-fire forests against stand-replacing fires while restoring an essential ecological process. Understanding the effects of fire on forests and wildlife communities is important in natural resource planning efforts. Small mammals are key components of forest food webs and essential to ecosystem function. To investigate the relationship of fire to small mammal assemblages, we live trapped small mammals in 10 burned and 10 unburned forests over 2 years in the central Sierra Nevada, California. Small mammal abundance was higher in unburned forests, largely reflecting the greater proportion of closed-canopy species such as Glaucomys sabrinus in unburned forests. The most abundant species across the entire study area was the highly adaptable generalist species, Peromyscus maniculatus. Species diversity was similar between burned and unburned forests, but burned forests were characterized by greater habitat heterogeneity and higher small mammal species evenness. The use and reintroduction of fire to maintain a matrix of burn severities, including large patches of unburned refugia, creates a heterogeneous and resilient landscape that allows for fire-sensitive species to proliferate and, as such, may help maintain key ecological functions and diverse small mammal assemblages. C1 [Roberts, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Yosemite, CA 95389 USA. [Roberts, Susan L.; Kelt, Douglas A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Miles, A. Keith] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Meyer, Marc D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. RP Roberts, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, POB 2163, Yosemite, CA 95389 USA. EM sroberts.sierra@gmail.com FU Yosemite National Park Fee Program; US Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program; University of California, Merced FX We thank Yosemite National Park Fee Program and the US Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program for funding the project. We also thank S. Thompson, E. Berlow, and the University of California, Merced, for additional support. J. Miller and A. Thode graciously provided the classified satellite imagery. We are grateful to R. Anthony for loaning us traps, S. Eyes for her analytical help, and to J. Yee for her review of the analyses. The project would not have been possible without the dedicated efforts of the field crews. The suggestions from 2 anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 47 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyu011 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CG5LV UT WOS:000353334300014 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Stabile, FA AF Woodman, Neal Stabile, Frank A. TI Variation in the myosoricine hand skeleton and its implications for locomotory behavior (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE anatomy; Insectivora; manus; Myosoricinae; postcranial; ray; semifossorial; Soricomorpha ID NEW-SPECIES MAMMALIA; SMALL-EARED SHREWS; GENUS CRYPTOTIS; MYOSOREX MAMMALIA; DIVERSITY; PROPORTIONS; MORPHOLOGY; GUATEMALA; HIGHLANDS; ADAPTATIONS AB Substrate use and locomotory behavior of mammals are typically reflected in external characteristics of the forefeet, such as the relative proportions of the digits and claws. Although skeletal anatomy of the forefeet can be more informative than external characters, skeletons remain rare in systematic collections. This is particularly true for the Myosoricinae (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae), a small clade of African shrews that includes both ambulatory forest shrews (Myosorex) and semifossorial mole shrews (Surdisorex). Most species in this subfamily have restricted distributions, and their behavior and ecology are mostly unstudied. To better understand the potential range of locomotory behavior among myosoricines, we used digital x-rays to image and facilitate measuring the forefoot skeletons of 9 species. As a gauge of potential variation, we compared them with the ambulatory talpid Uropsilus (Talpidae) and the semifossorial talpid Neurotrichus. The hand morphologies of myosoricines show a graded range of potential substrate use between ambulatory and semifossorial. Some of these shrews exhibit adaptations for increased burrowing efficiency that are similar to those seen in talpids and other mammals, such as longer, broader distal phalanges and claws and shorter, wider metacarpals and proximal and middle phalanges. They also, however, have characteristics that are distinct from talpids, such as maintenance of forefoot asymmetry and an increased emphasis of ray III. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Stabile, Frank A.] Coll New Jersey, Dept Biol, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 FU National Science Foundation through the Natural History Research Experiences program of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C FX We thank the following curators and collections managers for access to specimens under their care: N. B. Simmons, R. S. Voss, and E. Westwig (American Museum of Natural History, New York); and L. R. Heaney, B. D. Patterson, and W. T. Stanley (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago). We are particularly grateful to W. T. Stanley and J. Kerbis Peterhans for graciously permitting us to examine recently collected series of specimens of poorly documented species that resulted from their field work. FAS was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation through the Natural History Research Experiences program of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. A. L. Gardner, J. Kerbis Peterhans, and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyu017 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CG5LV UT WOS:000353334300020 ER PT J AU Read, JS Rose, KC Winslow, LA Read, EK AF Read, Jordan S. Rose, Kevin C. Winslow, Luke A. Read, Emily K. TI A method for estimating the diffuse attenuation coefficient from paired temperature sensors SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER TEMPERATURE; LAKES; STRATIFICATION; VARIABILITY; BUDGET AB A new method for estimating the diffuse attenuation coefficient for photosynthetically active radiation (K-dPAR) from paired temperature sensors was derived. We show that during cases where the attenuation of penetrating shortwave solar radiation is the dominant source of temperature changes, time series measurements of water temperatures at multiple depths (z(1) and z(2)) are related to one another by a linear scaling factor (alpha). K-dPAR can then be estimated by the simple equation K-dPAR = ln(alpha)/(z(2)-z(1)). A suggested workflow is presented that outlines procedures for calculating K-dPAR according to this paired temperature sensor (PTS) method. This method is best suited for conditions when radiative temperature gains are large relative to physical noise. These conditions occur frequently on water bodies with low wind and/ or high K(dPAR)s but can be used for other types of lakes during time periods of low wind and/or where spatially redundant measurements of temperatures are available. The optimal vertical placement of temperature sensors according to a priori knowledge of K-dPAR is also described. This information can be used to inform the design of future sensor deployments using the PTS method or for campaigns where characterizing sub-daily changes in temperatures is important. The PTS method provides a novel method to characterize light attenuation in aquatic ecosystems without expensive radiometric equipment or the user subjectivity inherent in Secchi depth measurements. This method also can enable the estimation of K-dPAR at higher frequencies than many manual monitoring programs allow. C1 [Read, Jordan S.; Winslow, Luke A.; Read, Emily K.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Rose, Kevin C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Read, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM jread@usgs.gov OI Read, Jordan/0000-0002-3888-6631 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [0822700, 0702395, 0903560]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [1182] FX This research was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grants 0822700, 0702395, and 0903560 and assistance from C. Williamson, K. McMahon, E. Stanley, P. Hanson, A. Shade, T. Meinke, K. Morrison, S. Yeo, J. Lenters, and C. Watras. This article was improved by incorporating valuable feedback received at the 12th Global Lakes Ecological Observatory (GLEON) meeting, where travel and lodging costs for authors were covered by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (award 1182). We thank M. Pace and R. Batt for providing input on an earlier version of this article. This manuscript was improved with the feedback from two helpful reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 13 IS 2 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1002/lom3.10006 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CG8KN UT WOS:000353556500001 ER PT J AU Shi, YR Allen, K John, A Song, TR Li, LL Sun, HY AF Shi Yuruo Allen, Kennedy John, Aleinikoff Song Tianrui Li Linlin Sun Huiyi TI In-Situ SHRIMP U-Pb Dating of Xenotime Outgrowth on Detrital Zircon Grains from the Changzhougou Formation of the Ming Tomb District, Beijing SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIAGENETIC XENOTIME; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; GEOCHRONOLOGY C1 [Shi Yuruo; Song Tianrui; Li Linlin; Sun Huiyi] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing SHRIMP Ctr, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. [Allen, Kennedy] Curtin Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [John, Aleinikoff] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Shi, YR (reprint author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing SHRIMP Ctr, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. EM shiyuruo@bjshrimp.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41173065]; Ministry of Land and Natural Resources [201311116]; Ministry of Science and Technology [J1403] FX This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41173065), Ministry of Land and Natural Resources (grant No. 201311116), and the Basic Outlay of Scientific Research Work from the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. J1403). NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1000-9515 EI 1755-6724 J9 ACTA GEOL SIN-ENGL JI Acta Geol. Sin.-Engl. Ed. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 89 IS 1 BP 304 EP 305 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF8RD UT WOS:000352828700026 ER PT J AU van Gerven, LPA Brederveld, RJ de Klein, JJM DeAngelis, DL Downing, AS Faber, M Gerla, DJ 't Hoen, J Janse, JH Janssen, ABG Jeuken, M Kooi, BW Kuiper, JJ Lischke, B Liu, S Petzoldt, T Schep, SA Teurlincx, S Thiange, C Trolle, D van Nes, EH Mooij, WM AF van Gerven, Luuk P. A. Brederveld, Robert J. de Klein, Jeroen J. M. DeAngelis, Don L. Downing, Andrea S. Faber, Michiel Gerla, Daan J. 't Hoen, Jochem Janse, Jan H. Janssen, Annette B. G. Jeuken, Michel Kooi, Bob W. Kuiper, Jan J. Lischke, Betty Liu, Sien Petzoldt, Thomas Schep, Sebastiaan A. Teurlincx, Sven Thiange, Christophe Trolle, Dennis van Nes, Egbert H. Mooij, Wolf M. TI Advantages of concurrent use of multiple software frameworks in water quality modelling using a database approach SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Database Approach To Modelling; DATM; PCLake; PCDitch; OSIRIS; ACSL; R; GRIND; DUFLOW; DELWAQ; Modelling Framework; Model Implementation; Model Analysis; Differential Equations; Community-based Modelling ID NUMERICAL BIFURCATION-ANALYSIS; SHALLOW LAKES; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SIMULATION LANGUAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PCLAKE; DYNAMICS; STATE; EUTROPHICATION; UNCERTAINTY AB Water quality modelling deals with multidisciplinary questions ranging from fundamental to applied. Addressing this broad range of questions requires multiple analysis techniques and therefore multiple frameworks. Through the recently developed database approach to modelling (DATM), it has become possible to run a model in multiple software frameworks without much overhead. Here we apply DATM to the ecosystem model for ditches PCDitch and its twin model for shallow lakes PCLake. Using DATM, we run these models in six frameworks (ACSL, DELWAQ, DUFLOW, GRIND for MATLAB, OSIRIS and R), and report on the possible model analyses with tools provided by each framework. We conclude that the dynamic link between frameworks and models resulting from DATM has the following main advantages: it allows one to use the framework one is familiar with for most model analyses and eases switching between frameworks for complementary model analyses, including the switch between a 0-D and 1-D to 3-D setting. Moreover, the strength of each framework - including runtime performance - can now be easily exploited. We envision that a community-based further development of the concept can contribute to the future development of water quality modelling, not only by addressing multidisciplinary questions but also by facilitating the exchange of models and process formulations within the community of water quality modellers. C1 [van Gerven, Luuk P. A.; Janse, Jan H.; Janssen, Annette B. G.; Kuiper, Jan J.; Teurlincx, Sven; Mooij, Wolf M.] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. [van Gerven, Luuk P. A.; de Klein, Jeroen J. M.; 't Hoen, Jochem; Janssen, Annette B. G.; Kuiper, Jan J.; van Nes, Egbert H.; Mooij, Wolf M.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Brederveld, Robert J.; Faber, Michiel; Schep, Sebastiaan A.] Witteveen Bos, NL-7400 AV Deventer, Netherlands. [DeAngelis, Don L.] Univ Miami, USGS Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Don L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Downing, Andrea S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gerla, Daan J.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Ecosyst Studies, NL-4400 AC Yerseke, Netherlands. [Janse, Jan H.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, PBL, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Jeuken, Michel; Liu, Sien; Thiange, Christophe] Deltares, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Kooi, Bob W.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Theoret Biol, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lischke, Betty] Univ Potsdam, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Modelling, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Petzoldt, Thomas] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrobiol, Fac Environm Sci, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Trolle, Dennis] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. RP van Gerven, LPA (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, POB 50, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM l.vangerven@nioo.knaw.nl RI van Nes, Egbert/F-2681-2011; Kooi, Bob/B-6343-2012; Petzoldt, Thomas/C-6198-2009; Trolle, Dennis/B-5465-2008; Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008; Teurlincx, Sven/B-8490-2016; OI van Nes, Egbert/0000-0002-6345-104X; Petzoldt, Thomas/0000-0002-4951-6468; Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200; Teurlincx, Sven/0000-0001-6740-6521; KNAW, NIOO-KNAW/0000-0002-3835-159X; Kuiper, Jan J./0000-0002-6655-9355 FU Netherlands Foundation for Applied Water Research (STOWA) [443237]; China-Netherlands Joint Scientific Thematic Research Programme (JSTP) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [842.00.009] FX We thank Peter Leffelaar, Huub Scholten, Anne van Dam and Martin Droog for their helpful discussions and comments during the development of this paper. This work is financed by the Netherlands Foundation for Applied Water Research (STOWA) project no. 443237 and the China-Netherlands Joint Scientific Thematic Research Programme (JSTP) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) project no. 842.00.009. This is manuscript 5750 of the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW). NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1863-9135 J9 FUND APPL LIMNOL JI Fundam. Appl. Limnol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 186 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1127/fal/2015/0631 PG 16 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE8NR UT WOS:000352100400002 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Talbert, CB Cole, JC Galbraith, HS Blakeslee, CJ Hanson, L Holmquist-Johnson, CL AF Maloney, Kelly O. Talbert, Colin B. Cole, Jeffrey C. Galbraith, Heather S. Blakeslee, Carrie J. Hanson, Leanne Holmquist-Johnson, Christopher L. TI An integrated Riverine Environmental Flow Decision Support System (REFDSS) to evaluate the ecological effects of alternative flow scenarios on river ecosystems SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological flow; management tool; hydrodynamic modeling; habitat suitability criteria; instream flow incremental methodology; fish; mussels; REFDSS v1.1.2 ID DELAWARE RIVER; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY; REGIMES; TOOLS AB In regulated rivers, managers must evaluate competing flow release scenarios that attempt to balance both human and natural needs. Meeting these natural flow needs is complex due to the myriad of interacting physical and hydrological factors that affect ecosystems. Tools that synthesize the voluminous scientific data and models on these factors will facilitate management of these systems. Here, we present the Riverine Environmental Flow Decision Support System (REFDSS), a tool that enables evaluation of competing flow scenarios and other variables on instream habitat. We developed a REFDSS for the Upper Delaware River, USA, a system that is regulated by three headwater reservoirs. This version of the REFDSS has the ability to integrate any set of spatially explicit data and synthesizes modeled discharge for three competing management scenarios, flow-specific 2-D hydrodynamic modeled estimates of local hydrologic conditions (e.g., depth, velocity, shear stress, etc.) at a fine pixel-scale (1 m(2)), and habitat suitability criteria (HSC) for a variety of taxa. It contains all individual model outputs, computationally integrates these data, and outputs the amount of potentially available habitat for a suite of species of interest under each flow release scenario. Users have the flexibility to change the time period of interest and vary the HSC. The REFDSS was developed to enable side-by-side evaluation of different flow management scenarios and their effects on potential habitat availability, allowing managers to make informed decisions on the best flow scenarios. An exercise comparing two alternative flow scenarios to a baseline scenario for several key species is presented. The Upper Delaware REFDSS was robust to minor changes in HSC (+/- 10 %). The general REFDSS platform was developed as a user-friendly Windows desktop application that was designed to include other potential parameters of interest (e.g., temperature) and for transferability to other riverine systems. C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.; Cole, Jeffrey C.; Galbraith, Heather S.; Blakeslee, Carrie J.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Talbert, Colin B.; Hanson, Leanne; Holmquist-Johnson, Christopher L.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM kmaloney@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior's WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) program; U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Census FX We thank many users, in particular James Serio, Erik Silldorff, Hernan Quinodoz, and Peter Kolesar, for feedback and improvements to the original EDSS. Hernan Quinodoz also provided OASIS output for the REFDSS. We also thank Athena Clark (USGS), Mathias Kuemmerlen, and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior's WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) program and the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Census. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 13 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1863-9135 J9 FUND APPL LIMNOL JI Fundam. Appl. Limnol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 186 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 171 EP 192 DI 10.1127/fal/2015/0611 PG 22 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE8NR UT WOS:000352100400010 ER PT J AU Rashid, HM Clark, BR Mahdi, HH Rifai, HS Al-Shukri, HJ AF Rashid, Haveen M. Clark, Brian R. Mahdi, Hanan H. Rifai, Hanadi S. Al-Shukri, Haydar J. TI Simulations of Potential Future Conditions in the Cache Critical Groundwater Area, Arkansas SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Aquifer; Calibration; Pilot Point; MODFLOW AB A three-dimensional finite-difference model for part of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the Cache Critical Groundwater Area of eastern Arkansas was constructed to simulate potential future conditions of groundwater flow. The objectives of this study were to test different pilot point distributions to find reasonable estimates of aquifer properties for the alluvial aquifer, to simulate flux from rivers, and to demonstrate how changes in pumping rates for different scenarios affect areas of long-term water-level declines over time. The model was calibrated using the parameter estimation code. Additional calibration was achieved using pilot points with regularization and singular value decomposition. Pilot point parameter values were estimated at a number of discrete locations in the study area to obtain reasonable estimates of aquifer properties. Nine pumping scenarios for the years 2011 to 2020 were tested and compared to the simulated water-level heads from 2010. Hydraulic conductivity values from pilot point calibration ranged between 42 and 173 m/d. Specific yield values ranged between 0.19 and 0.337. Recharge rates ranged between 0.00009 and 0.0006 m/d. The model was calibrated using 2,322 hydraulic head measurements for the years 2000 to 2010 from 150 observation wells located in the study area. For all scenarios, the volume of water depleted ranged between 5.7 and 23.3 percent, except in Scenario 2 (minimum pumping rates), in which the volume increased by 2.5 percent. C1 [Rashid, Haveen M.] Univ Sulaimani, Dams & Water Resources Dept, Fac Engn, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. [Rashid, Haveen M.; Al-Shukri, Haydar J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Appl Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Clark, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Fayetteville Field Off, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Mahdi, Hanan H.] Univ Arkansas, Grad Inst Technol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Rifai, Hanadi S.] Univ Houston, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Rashid, HM (reprint author), Univ Sulaimani, Dams & Water Resources Dept, Fac Engn, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 EI 1558-9161 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA CE8LW UT WOS:000352094900001 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Theodorakos, PM Fey, DL Krabbenhoft, DP AF Gray, John E. Theodorakos, Peter M. Fey, David L. Krabbenhoft, David P. TI Mercury concentrations and distribution in soil, water, mine waste leachates, and air in and around mercury mines in the Big Bend region, Texas, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Soil; Stream water; Air; Leachates ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ALMADEN DISTRICT SPAIN; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATIONS; ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES; MINING DISTRICT; METHYLMERCURY; EMISSIONS; SEDIMENTS; AREAS; CHINA AB Samples of soil, water, mine waste leachates, soil gas, and air were collected from areas mined for mercury (Hg) and baseline sites in the Big Bend area, Texas, to evaluate potential Hg contamination in the region. Soil samples collected within 300 m of an inactive Hg mine contained elevated Hg concentrations (3.8-11 mu g/g), which were considerably higher than Hg in soil collected from baseline sites (0.03-0.05 mu g/g) distal (as much as 24 km) from mines. Only three soil samples collected within 300 m of the mine exceeded the probable effect concentration for Hg of 1.06 mu g/g, above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of Hg in mine water runoff (7.9-14 ng/L) were generally higher than those found in springs and wells (0.05-3.1 ng/L), baseline streams (1.1-9.7 ng/L), and sources of drinking water (0.63-9.1 ng/L) collected in the Big Bend region. Concentrations of Hg in all water samples collected in this study were considerably below the 2,000 ng/L drinking water Hg guideline and the 770 ng/L guideline recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to protect aquatic wildlife from chronic effects of Hg. Concentrations of Hg in water leachates obtained from leaching of mine wastes varied widely from <0.001 to 760 mu g of Hg in leachate/g of sample leached, but only one leachate exceeded the USEPA Hg industrial soil screening level of 31 mu g/g. Concentrations of Hg in soil gas collected at mined sites (690-82,000 ng/m(3)) were highly elevated compared to soil gas collected from baseline sites (1.2-77 ng/m(3)). However, air collected from mined areas at a height of 2 m above the ground surface contained concentrations of Hg (4.9-64 ng/m(3)) that were considerably lower than Hg in soil gas from the mined areas. Although concentrations of Hg emitted from mine-contaminated soils and mine wastes were elevated, persistent wind in southwest Texas disperses Hg in the air within a few meters of the ground surface. C1 [Gray, John E.; Theodorakos, Peter M.; Fey, David L.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, Mineral Resources Program) FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, Mineral Resources Program). We thank John DeWild (USGS, Middleton, Wisconsin) for Hg analysis of air and soil gas samples and Brenda Lasorsa (Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sequim, Washington) for providing Hg and methyl-Hg analyses on soil and water samples. We thank Geoff Plumlee (USGS) and anonymous reviewers for Environmental Geochemistry and Health for constructive comments that helped to improve this paper. Greg Lee (USGS) assisted with graphics and Karl Ellefsen (USGS) helped with statistical calculations. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 EI 1573-2983 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD FEB PY 2015 VL 37 IS 1 BP 35 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s10653-014-9628-1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA CE3TK UT WOS:000351751600003 PM 24974151 ER PT J AU Howard, KA House, PK Dorsey, RJ Pearthree, PA AF Howard, Keith A. House, P. Kyle Dorsey, Rebecca J. Pearthree, Phillip A. TI River-evolution and tectonic implications of a major Pliocene aggradation on the lower Colorado River: The Bullhead Alluvium SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CARVING GRAND-CANYON; ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; BOUSE FORMATION; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SALTON TROUGH; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AB The similar to 200-m-thick riverlaid Bullhead Alluvium along the lower Colorado River downstream of Grand Canyon records massive early Pliocene sediment aggradation following the integration of the upper and lower Colorado River basins. The distribution and extent of the aggraded sediments record (1) evolving longitudinal profiles of the river valley with implications for changing positions of the river's mouth and delta; (2) a pulse of rapid early drainage-basin erosion and sediment supply; and (3) constraints on regional and local deformation. The Bullhead Alluvium is inset into the Hualapai and Bouse Formations along a basal erosional unconformity. Its base defines a longitudinal profile interpreted as the incised end result after the Colorado River integrated through lake basins. Subsequent Bullhead aggradation, at ca. 4.5-3.5 Ma, built up braid plains as wide as 50 km as it raised the Colorado River's grade. We interpret the aggradation to record a spike in sediment supply when river integration and base-level fall destabilized and eroded relict landscapes and Tertiary bedrock in the Colorado River's huge catchment. Longitudinal profiles of the Bullhead Alluvium suggest >= 200 m post-Bullhead relative fault uplifts in the upper Lake Mead area, >100 m local subsidence in the Blythe Basin, and deeper subsidence of correlative deltaic sequences in the Salton Trough along the Pacific-North American plate boundary. However, regionally, for >500 km along the river corridor from Yuma, Arizona, to Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, the top of the Bullhead Alluvium appears to be neither uplifted nor tilted, sloping 0.5-0.6 m/km downstream like the gradient of a smaller late Pleistocene aggradation sequence. Perched outcrops tentatively assigned to the Bullhead Alluvium near the San Andreas fault system project toward a Pliocene seashore or bayline twice as distant (300-450 km) as either the modern river's mouth or a tectonically restored 4.25 Ma paleoshore. We conclude that Bullhead aggradation peaked after 4.25 Ma, having lengthened the delta plain seaward by outpacing both 2 mm/yr delta subsidence and 43-45 mm/yr transform-fault offset of the delta. Post-Bullhead degradation started before 3.3 Ma and implies that the river profile lowered and shortened because sediment supply declined, and progradation was unable to keep up with subsidence and plate motion in the delta. C1 [Howard, Keith A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [House, P. Kyle] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dorsey, Rebecca J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Pearthree, Phillip A.] Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. RP Howard, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 120 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1130/GES01059.1 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE7KF UT WOS:000352017500001 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Wentworth, CM Graymer, RW Stanley, RG McLaughlin, RJ Simpson, RW Williams, RA Andersen, DW Ponce, DA AF Langenheim, V. E. Jachens, R. C. Wentworth, C. M. Graymer, R. W. Stanley, R. G. McLaughlin, R. J. Simpson, R. W. Williams, R. A. Andersen, D. W. Ponce, D. A. TI A summary of the late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley, California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; NORTHWESTWARDLY YOUNGER AGE; WEST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; ANDREAS FAULT; NORTH-AMERICA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; GROUND-MOTION; COAST RANGES; DISPLACEMENT AB The late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley illustrates the dynamic nature of the North American-Pacific plate boundary and its effect on basin and landscape development. Prior to early Miocene time, the area that became Santa Clara Valley consisted of eroding Franciscan complex basement structurally interleaved in places with Coast Range ophiolite and Mesozoic Great Valley sequence, and locally overlapped by Paleogene strata. During early to middle Miocene time, this landscape was flooded by the sea and was deformed locally into deeper depressions such as the Cupertino Basin in the southwestern part of the valley. Marine deposition during the middle and late Miocene laid down thin deposits in shallow water and thick deeper-water deposits in the Cupertino Basin. During this sedimentation, the San Andreas fault system encroached into the valley, with most offset partitioned onto the San Andreas fault southwest of the valley and the southern Calaveras-Silver Creek-Hayward fault system in the northeastern part of the valley. A 6-km-wide right step between the Hayward and Silver Creek faults formed the 40-km-long Evergreen pullapart basin along the northeastern margin of the valley, leaving a basement ridge between it and the Cupertino Basin. The Silver Creek fault was largely abandoned ca. 2.5 Ma in favor of a compressional left step between the Calaveras and Hayward fault, although some slip continued to at least mid-Quaternary time. Gravity, seismic, stratigraphic, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data indicate no other major San Andreas system faults within the central block between the present-day range-front faults bounding the valley and the Silver Creek fault. Sometime between 9 and 4 Ma (9 and 1 Ma for the central block), the area rose above sea level, and a regional surface of erosion was carved into the Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks. Alluvial gravels were deposited on this surface along the margins of the valley beginning ca. 4 Ma, but they may not have prograded onto the central block until ca. 1 Ma, because no older equivalents of the Pliocene-Quaternary Santa Clara gravels have been found there. Thus, either the central block was high enough relative to the surrounding areas that Santa Clara gravels were never deposited on it, or any Santa Clara gravels deposited there were stripped away before ca. 1 Ma. Analysis of alluvium on the central block implies a remarkably uniform, piston-like, subsidence of the valley of similar to 0.4 mm/yr since ca. 0.8 Ma, possibly extending north to northern San Francisco Bay. Today, the central block continues to subside, the range-front reverse faults are active, and the major active faults of the San Andreas system are mostly outside the valley. C1 [Langenheim, V. E.; Jachens, R. C.; Wentworth, C. M.; Graymer, R. W.; Stanley, R. G.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Simpson, R. W.; Ponce, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Williams, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Andersen, D. W.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey; Santa Clara Valley Water District FX This work would not have been possible without funding from the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Earthquake Hazards Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey and from the Santa Clara Valley Water District. Reviews by Joseph Clark, Andrei Sarna-Wojcicki, and Richard Sedlock improved the manuscript. We also appreciate the comments by guest editor Randy Hanson. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1130/GES01093.1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE7KF UT WOS:000352017500003 ER PT J AU Graymer, RW Stanley, RG Ponce, DA Jachens, RC Simpson, RW Wentworth, CM AF Graymer, R. W. Stanley, R. G. Ponce, D. A. Jachens, R. C. Simpson, R. W. Wentworth, C. M. TI Structural superposition in fault systems bounding Santa Clara Valley, California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; ANDREAS FAULT; TECTONICS; HAYWARD AB Santa Clara Valley is bounded on the southwest and northeast by active strike-slip and reverse-oblique faults of the San Andreas fault system. On both sides of the valley, these faults are superposed on older normal and/or right-lateral normal oblique faults. The older faults comprised early components of the San Andreas fault system as it formed in the wake of the northward passage of the Mendocino Triple Junction. On the east side of the valley, the great majority of fault displacement was accommodated by the older faults, which were almost entirely abandoned when the presently active faults became active after ca. 2.5 Ma. On the west side of the valley, the older faults were abandoned earlier, before ca. 8 Ma and probably accumulated only a small amount, if any, of the total right-lateral offset accommodated by the fault zone as a whole. Apparent contradictions in observations of fault offset and the relation of the gravity field to the distribution of dense rocks at the surface are explained by recognition of superposed structures in the Santa Clara Valley region. C1 [Graymer, R. W.; Stanley, R. G.; Ponce, D. A.; Jachens, R. C.; Simpson, R. W.; Wentworth, C. M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Graymer, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey; Santa Clara Valley Water District FX This work would not have been possible without funding from the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Earthquake Hazards Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey and from the Santa Clara Valley Water District. Reviews by Paul Stone, Darcy McPhee, Victoria Langenheim, Keith Kelson, and Scott Minor greatly improved the manuscript. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1130/GES01100.1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE7KF UT WOS:000352017500004 ER PT J AU Moore, TE O'Sullivan, PB Potter, CJ Donelick, RA AF Moore, Thomas E. O'Sullivan, Paul B. Potter, Christopher J. Donelick, Raymond A. TI Provenance and detrital zircon geochronologic evolution of lower Brookian foreland basin deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for early Brookian tectonism SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID BERING STRAIT REGION; U-PB AGES; ARCTIC ALASKA; FISSION-TRACK; NORTHERN ALASKA; PACIFIC MARGIN; SCHIST BELT; NE RUSSIA; CHUKOTKA; SYSTEMS AB The Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous part of the Brookian sequence of northern Alaska consists of syntectonic deposits shed from the north-directed, early Brookian orogenic belt. We employ sandstone petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb age analysis, and zircon fission-track double-dating methods to investigate these deposits in a succession of thin regional thrust sheets in the western Brooks Range and in the adjacent Colville foreland basin to determine sediment provenance, sedimentary dispersal patterns, and to reconstruct the evolution of the Brookian orogen. The oldest and structurally highest deposits are allochthonous Upper Jurassic volcanic arc-derived sandstones that rest on accreted ophiolitic and/or subduction assemblage mafic igneous rocks. These strata contain a nearly unimodal Late Jurassic zircon population and are interpreted to be a fragment of a forearc basin that was emplaced onto the Brooks Range during arc-continent collision. Synorogenic deposits found at structurally lower levels contain decreasing amounts of ophiolite and arc debris, Jurassic zircons, and increasing amounts of continentally derived sedimentary detritus accompanied by broadly distributed late Paleozoic and Triassic (359-200 Ma), early Paleozoic (542-359 Ma), and Paleoproterozoic (2000-1750 Ma) zircon populations. The zircon populations display fission-track evidence of cooling during the Brookian event and evidence of an earlier episode of cooling in the late Paleozoic and Triassic. Surprisingly, there is little evidence for erosion of the continental basement of Arctic Alaska, its Paleozoic sedimentary cover, or its hinterland metamorphic rocks in early foreland basin strata at any structural and/or stratigraphic level in the western Brooks Range. Detritus from exhumation of these sources did not arrive in the foreland basin until the middle or late Albian in the central part of the Colville Basin. These observations indicate that two primary provenance areas provided detritus to the early Brookian foreland basin of the western Brooks Range: (1) local sources in the oceanic Angayucham terrane, which forms the upper plate of the orogen, and (2) a sedimentary source region outside of northern Alaska. Pre-Jurassic zircons and continental grain types suggest the latter detritus was derived from a thick succession of Triassic turbidites in the Russian Far East that were originally shed from source areas in the Uralian-Taimyr orogen and deposited in the South Anyui Ocean, interpreted here as an early Mesozoic remnant basin. Structural thickening and northward emplacement onto the continental margin of Chukotka during the Brookian structural event are proposed to have led to development of a highland source area located in eastern Chukotka, Wrangel Island, and Herald Arch region. The abundance of detritus from this source area in most of the samples argues that the Colville Basin and ancestral foreland basins were supplied by longitudinal sediment dispersal systems that extended eastward along the Brooks Range orogen and were tectonically recycled into the active foredeep as the thrust front propagated toward the foreland. Movement of clastic sedimentary material from eastern Chukotka, Wrangel Island, and Herald Arch into Brookian foreland basins in northern Alaska confirms the interpretations of previous workers that the Brookian deformational belt extends into the Russian Far East and demonstrates that the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate was a unified geologic entity by the Early Cretaceous. C1 [Moore, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [O'Sullivan, Paul B.; Donelick, Raymond A.] Apatite Zircon Inc, Viola, ID 83872 USA. [Potter, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Moore, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS969, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This study benefited from discussions with Ken Bird, Dwight Bradley, Julie Dumoulin, Elizabeth Miller, David Houseknecht, Chad Hults, Karen Kelley, Richard Lease, Gil Mull, Alison Till, Marwan Wartes, and Joe Wooden. We thank Margaret Donelick and Jim McMillan for sample preparation and Charles Knaack for technical assistance with LA-ICP-MS data collection procedures. The manuscript was sharpened and significantly improved by the thoughtful comments and advice of U.S. Geological Survey reviewers Kenneth J. Bird and Richard Lease and Geosphere reviewers Jaime Toro and Tim Lawton. Art Grantz, Paul Stone, Sarah Nagorsen, and Mike Diggles kindly read and edited the manuscript. The work was funded by the Energy Resources and Mineral Resources programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Teck, the owner and operator of the Red Dog Mine, for graciously allowing us to use their facilities for our research. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 104 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 93 EP 122 DI 10.1130/GES01043.1 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE7KF UT WOS:000352017500006 ER PT J AU Ferguson, KM Armstrong, PA Arkle, JC Haeussler, PJ AF Ferguson, Kelly M. Armstrong, Phillip A. Arkle, Jeanette C. Haeussler, Peter J. TI Focused rock uplift above the subduction decollement at Montague and Hinchinbrook Islands, Prince William Sound, Alaska SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ST-ELIAS OROGEN; FISSION-TRACK ANALYSIS; APATITE (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; LATE-CENOZOIC EXHUMATION; ACTIVE MOUNTAIN BELTS; RANGES FAULT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN ALASKA; CHUGACH MOUNTAINS; CRUSTAL TRANSECT; SPATIAL VARIATIONS AB Megathrust splay fault systems in accretionary prisms have been identified as conduits for long-term plate motion and significant coseismic slip during subduction earthquakes. These fault systems are important because of their role in generating tsunamis, but rarely are emergent above sea level where their long-term (million year) history can be studied. We present 32 apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) and 27 apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from rocks along an emergent megathrust splay fault system in the Prince William Sound region of Alaska above the shallowly subducting Yakutat microplate. The data show focused exhumation along the Patton Bay megathrust splay fault system since 3-2 Ma. Most AHe ages are younger than 5 Ma; some are as young as 1.1 Ma. AHe ages are youngest at the southwest end of Montague Island, where maximum fault displacement occurred on the Hanning Bay and Patton Bay faults and the highest shoreline uplift occurred during the 1964 earthquake. AFT ages range from ca. 20 to 5 Ma. Age changes across the Montague Strait fault, north of Montague Island, suggest that this fault may be a major structural boundary that acts as backstop to deformation and may be the westward mechanical continuation of the Bagley fault system backstop in the Saint Elias orogen. The regional pattern of ages and corresponding cooling and exhumation rates indicate that the Montague and Hinchinbrook Island splay faults, though separated by only a few kilometers, accommodate kilometer-scale exhumation above a shallowly subducting plate at million year time scales. This long-term pattern of exhumation also reflects short-term seismogenic uplift patterns formed during the 1964 earthquake. The increase in rock uplift and exhumation rate ca. 3-2 Ma is coincident with increased glacial erosion that, in combination with the fault-bounded, narrow width of the islands, has limited topographic development. Increased exhumation starting ca. 3-2 Ma is interpreted to be due to rock uplift caused by increased underplating of sediments derived from the Saint Elias orogen, which was being rapidly eroded at that time. C1 [Ferguson, Kelly M.; Armstrong, Phillip A.; Arkle, Jeanette C.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Ferguson, KM (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Geol Sci, 800 N State Coll Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU Petroleum Research Fund; John T. Dillon Alaska Research Fund FX We thank K. Farley and L. Hedges (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena) for (U-Th)/He analyses. We also thank Matan Salmon for his help as field assistant in the Prince William Sound. Insightful reviews by J. Benowitz, C. Davidson, Associate Editor T. Pavlis, and an anonymous reviewer helped us focus and improve this paper. Funding was provided by Donors of the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society and the John T. Dillon Alaska Research Fund administered by the Geologic Society of America. NR 110 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 144 EP 159 DI 10.1130/GES01036.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE7KF UT WOS:000352017500008 ER PT J AU Ellis, MA Barnes, JB Colgan, JP AF Ellis, Magdalena A. Barnes, Jason B. Colgan, Joseph P. TI Geomorphic evidence for enhanced Pliocene-Quaternary faulting in the northwestern Basin and Range SO LITHOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN WALKER LANE; CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; ACTIVE MOUNTAIN-RANGES; PINE FOREST RANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; EROSION RATES; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; LANDSCAPE RESPONSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN AB Mountains in the U.S. Basin and Range Province are similar in form, yet they have different histories of deformation and uplift. Unfortunately, chronicling fault slip with techniques like thermochronology and geodetics can still leave sizable, yet potentially important gaps at Pliocene-Quaternary (similar to 10(5)-10(6) yr) time scales. Here, we combine existing geochronology with new geomorphic observations and approaches to investigate the Miocene to Quaternary slip history of active normal faults that are exhuming three footwall ranges in northwestern Nevada: the Pine Forest Range, the Jackson Mountains, and the Santa Rosa Range. We use the National Elevation Dataset (10 m) digital elevation model (DEM) to measure bedrock river profiles and hillslope gradients from these ranges. We observe a prominent suite of channel convexities (knickpoints) that segment the channels into upper reaches with low steepness (mean k(sn) = similar to 182; theta(ref) = 0.51) and lower, fault-proximal reaches with high steepness (mean k(sn) = similar to 361), with a concomitant increase in hillslope angles of similar to 6 degrees-9 degrees. Geologic maps and field-based proxies for rock strength allow us to rule out static causes for the knickpoints and interpret them as transient features triggered by a drop in base level that created similar to 20% of the existing relief (similar to 220 m of similar to 1050 m total). We then constrain the timing of base-level change using paleochannel profile reconstructions, catchment-scale volumetric erosion fluxes, and a stream-power-based knickpoint celerity (migration) model. Low-temperature thermochronology data show that faulting began at ca. 11-12 Ma, yet our results estimate knickpoint initiation began in the last 5 Ma and possibly as recently as 0.1 Ma with reasonable migration rates of 0.5-2 mm/yr. We interpret the collective results to be evidence for enhanced Pliocene-Quaternary fault slip that may be related to tectonic reorganization in the American West, although we cannot rule out climate as a contributing mechanism. We propose that similar studies, which remain remarkably rare across the region, be used to further test how robust this Plio-Quaternary landscape signal may be throughout the Great Basin. C1 [Ellis, Magdalena A.; Barnes, Jason B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Colgan, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ellis, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, 104 South Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM maellis@live.unc.edu RI Curry, Magdalena/F-7169-2011; Barnes, Jason/I-1795-2012; OI Curry, Magdalena/0000-0001-5185-5779; Barnes, Jason/0000-0001-9928-1428; Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 FU University of North Carolina Department of Geological Sciences Martin Fund; Geological Society of America; Sigma Xi FX M. Ellis thanks the University of North Carolina Department of Geological Sciences Martin Fund, Geological Society of America, and Sigma Xi for financial support. Julia Ellis and Jim Mize provided valuable help in the field. We thank Andy Cyr, Karl Wegmann, and Sean Gallen for their advice and input and reviewers Nancye Dawers, Scott Miller, Michael Oskin, and an anonymous reviewer for their very constructive reviews. NR 120 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1941-8264 EI 1947-4253 J9 LITHOSPHERE-US JI Lithosphere PD FEB PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.1130/L401.1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA CE6AA UT WOS:000351916600006 ER PT J AU Tote, C Patricio, D Boogaard, H van der Wijngaart, R Tarnavsky, E Funk, C AF Tote, Carolien Patricio, Domingos Boogaard, Hendrik van der Wijngaart, Raymond Tarnavsky, Elena Funk, Chris TI Evaluation of Satellite Rainfall Estimates for Drought and Flood Monitoring in Mozambique SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WEST-AFRICA; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; MICROWAVE; CLIMATE; DATASET; GAGES; SAHEL; TRMM AB Satellite derived rainfall products are useful for drought and flood early warning and overcome the problem of sparse, unevenly distributed and erratic rain gauge observations, provided their accuracy is well known. Mozambique is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events such as major droughts and floods and thus, an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of different rainfall products is valuable. Three dekadal (10-day) gridded satellite rainfall products (TAMSAT African Rainfall Climatology And Time-series (TARCAT) v2.0, Famine Early Warning System NETwork (FEWS NET) Rainfall Estimate (RFE) v2.0, and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS)) are compared to independent gauge data (2001-2012). This is done using pairwise comparison statistics to evaluate the performance in estimating rainfall amounts and categorical statistics to assess rain-detection capabilities. The analysis was performed for different rainfall categories, over the seasonal cycle and for regions dominated by different weather systems. Overall, satellite products overestimate low and underestimate high dekadal rainfall values. The RFE and CHIRPS products perform as good, generally outperforming TARCAT on the majority of statistical measures of skill. TARCAT detects best the relative frequency of rainfall events, while RFE underestimates and CHIRPS overestimates the rainfall events frequency. Differences in products performance disappear with higher rainfall and all products achieve better results during the wet season. During the cyclone season, CHIRPS shows the best results, while RFE outperforms the other products for lower dekadal rainfall. Products blending thermal infrared and passive microwave imagery perform better than infrared only products and particularly when meteorological patterns are more complex, such as over the coastal, central and south regions of Mozambique, where precipitation is influenced by frontal systems. C1 [Tote, Carolien] Flemish Inst Technol Res VITO, Remote Sensing Unit, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Patricio, Domingos] Inst Nacl Meteorol INAM, Maputo 256, Mozambique. [Boogaard, Hendrik; van der Wijngaart, Raymond] Wageningen Univ, Alterra, NL-3708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Tarnavsky, Elena] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazard Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Tote, C (reprint author), Flemish Inst Technol Res VITO, Remote Sensing Unit, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM carolien.tote@vito.be; domingos.mosquito@gmail.com; hendrik.boogaard@wur.nl; raymond.vanderwijngaart@wur.nl; e.tarnavsky@reading.ac.uk; chris@geog.ucsb.edu OI Tarnavsky, Elena/0000-0003-3403-0411 FU European Union [282621]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [G09AC000001]; U.S. Agency for International Development Office of Food for Peace [AID-FFP-P-10-00002]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA11OAR4310151] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No 282621. Support was also provided by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) cooperative agreement #G09AC000001 "Monitoring and Forecasting Climate, Water and Land Use for Food Production in the Developing World" with funding from: U.S. Agency for International Development Office of Food for Peace, award #AID-FFP-P-10-00002 for "Famine Early Warning Systems Network Support" and The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award NA11OAR4310151 for "A Global Standardized Precipitation Index supporting the US Drought Portal and the Famine Early Warning System Network". Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 53 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 1758 EP 1776 DI 10.3390/rs70201758 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CF1AZ UT WOS:000352277200001 ER PT J AU Morfitt, R Barsi, J Levy, R Markham, B Micijevic, E Ong, L Scaramuzza, P Vanderwerff, K AF Morfitt, Ron Barsi, Julia Levy, Raviv Markham, Brian Micijevic, Esad Ong, Lawrence Scaramuzza, Pat Vanderwerff, Kelly TI Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Radiometric Performance On-Orbit SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Expectations of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) radiometric performance onboard Landsat-8 have been met or exceeded. The calibration activities that occurred prior to launch provided calibration parameters that enabled ground processing to produce imagery that met most requirements when data were transmitted to the ground. Since launch, calibration updates have improved the image quality even more, so that all requirements are met. These updates range from detector gain coefficients to reduce striping and banding to alignment parameters to improve the geometric accuracy. This paper concentrates on the on-orbit radiometric performance of the OLI, excepting the radiometric calibration performance. Topics discussed in this paper include: signal-to-noise ratios that are an order of magnitude higher than previous Landsat missions; radiometric uniformity that shows little residual banding and striping, and continues to improve; a dynamic range that limits saturation to extremely high radiance levels; extremely stable detectors; slight nonlinearity that is corrected in ground processing; detectors that are stable and 100% operable; and few image artifacts. C1 [Morfitt, Ron; Micijevic, Esad; Scaramuzza, Pat; Vanderwerff, Kelly] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Barsi, Julia; Levy, Raviv; Ong, Lawrence] NASA GSFC Code 618, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Markham, Brian] NASA GSFC Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Morfitt, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rmorfitt@usgs.gov; julia.barsi@nasa.gov; raviv.levy@nasa.gov; brian.l.markham@nasa.gov; emicijevic@usgs.gov; Lawrence.Ong@nasa.gov; pscar@usgs.gov; kvanderwerff@usgs.gov FU Sigma Space/SSAI Contract: NASA [NNG09HP18C]; SGT Contract: USGS contract [G10PC00044] FX This work was performed under the Sigma Space/SSAI Contract: NASA contract NNG09HP18C and the SGT Contract: USGS contract G10PC00044. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 2208 EP 2237 DI 10.3390/rs70202208 PG 30 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CF1AU UT WOS:000352276700001 ER PT J AU Lutter, R Abbott, L Becker, R Borgert, C Bradley, A Charnley, G Dudley, S Felsot, A Golden, N Gray, G Juberg, D Mitchell, M Rachman, N Rhomberg, L Solomon, K Sundlof, S Willett, K AF Lutter, Randall Abbott, Linda Becker, Rick Borgert, Chris Bradley, Ann Charnley, Gail Dudley, Susan Felsot, Alan Golden, Nancy Gray, George Juberg, Daland Mitchell, Mary Rachman, Nancy Rhomberg, Lorenz Solomon, Keith Sundlof, Stephen Willett, Kate TI Improving Weight of Evidence Approaches to Chemical Evaluations SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Chemical evaluation; hypothesis; weight of evidence ID HYPOTHESIS-BASED WEIGHT; IPCS FRAMEWORK; MODE; RELEVANCE; HUMANS AB Federal and other regulatory agencies often use or claim to use a weight of evidence (WoE) approach in chemical evaluation. Their approaches to the use of WoE, however, differ significantly, rely heavily on subjective professional judgment, and merit improvement. We review uses of WoE approaches in key articles in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, and find significant variations. We find that a hypothesis-based WoE approach, developed by Lorenz Rhomberg et al., can provide a stronger scientific basis for chemical assessment while improving transparency and preserving the appropriate scope of professional judgment. Their approach, while still evolving, relies on the explicit specification of the hypothesized basis for using the information at hand to infer the ability of an agent to cause human health impacts or, more broadly, affect other endpoints of concern. We describe and endorse such a hypothesis-based WoE approach to chemical evaluation. C1 [Lutter, Randall] Univ Virginia, Batten Sch Leadership & Publ Policy, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Abbott, Linda] USDA, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC USA. [Becker, Rick] Amer Chem Council, Washington, DC USA. [Borgert, Chris] Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Bradley, Ann] Integral Consulting Inc, Seattle, WA USA. [Charnley, Gail] Hlth Risk Strategies, Washington, DC USA. [Dudley, Susan; Gray, George] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Felsot, Alan] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Golden, Nancy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Juberg, Daland] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Mitchell, Mary] Pest Management Regulatory Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Rachman, Nancy] ILSI North Amer, Washington, DC USA. [Rhomberg, Lorenz] Gradient Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. [Solomon, Keith] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Sundlof, Stephen] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Baltimore, MD USA. [Willett, Kate] Humane Soc United States, Washington, DC USA. RP Lutter, R (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Frank Batten Sch Leadership & Publ Policy, B007 Garrett Hall,235 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM randall.lutter@virginia.edu FU CropLife America FX Dr. Lutter received financial support from CropLife America to moderate a forum and serve as principal author. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of their employers or other organizations with which they may be associated, including the USDA, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or the Pest Management Regulatory Agency of Canada. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1111/risa.12277 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA CE2XD UT WOS:000351684000003 PM 25516407 ER PT J AU Wild, TC Kendall, SJ Guldager, N Powell, AN AF Wild, Teri C. Kendall, Steven J. Guldager, Nikki Powell, Abby N. TI Breeding habitat associations and predicted distribution of an obligate tundra-breeding bird, Smith's Longspur SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Calcarius pictus; sub-Arctic; predictive distribution model; climate change; Brooks Range; Alaska ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; BOOSTED REGRESSION TREES; POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ALASKA; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; VEGETATION; RICHNESS; ACCURACY; ECOLOGY AB Smith's Longspur (Calcarius pictus) is a species of conservation concern which breeds in Arctic habitats that are expected to be especially vulnerable to climate change. We used bird presence and habitat data from point-transect surveys conducted at 12 sites across the Brooks Range, Alaska, 2003-2009, to identify breeding areas, describe local habitat associations, and identify suitable habitat using a predictive model of Smith's Longspur distribution. Smith's Longspurs were observed at seven sites, where they were associated with a variety of sedge-shrub habitats composed primarily of mosses, sedges, tussocks, and dwarf shrubs; erect shrubs were common but sparse. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination of ground cover revealed positive associations of Smith's Longspur presence with sedges and mosses and a negative association with high cover of shrubs. To model predicted distribution, we used boosted regression trees to relate landscape variables to occurrence. Our model predicted that Smith's Longspurs may occur in valleys and foothills of the northeastern and southeastern mountains and in upland plateaus of the western mountains, and farther west than currently documented, over a predicted area no larger than 15% of the Brooks Range. With climate change, shrubs are expected to grow larger and denser, while soil moisture and moss cover are predicted to decrease. These changes may reduce Smith's Longspur habitat quality and limit distribution in the Brooks Range to poorly drained lowlands and alpine plateaus where sedge-shrub tundra is likely to persist. Conversely, northward advance of shrubs into sedge tundra may create suitable habitat, thus supporting a northward longspur distribution shift. C1 [Wild, Teri C.; Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kendall, Steven J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hakalau Forest Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hilo, HI USA. [Guldager, Nikki] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wild, TC (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM teri.wild@alaska.edu; abby.powell@alaska.edu OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, National Park Service Gates of the Arctic National Park; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Cooperative Research Unit FX Estelle Howe's generous bequest to the Arctic Refuge was the impetus for this study. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, National Park Service Gates of the Arctic National Park, and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Cooperative Research Unit all provided funding and logistical support. This manuscript went through USGS FSP review; other than this, no funders required approval of the manuscript before submission or publication. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2015 VL 117 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-77.1 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CE0FF UT WOS:000351479200002 ER PT J AU Rivera-Milan, FF Bertuol, P Simal, F Rusk, BL AF Rivera-Milan, Frank F. Bertuol, Paulo Simal, Fernando Rusk, Bonnie L. TI Distance sampling survey and abundance estimation of the critically endangered Grenada Dove (Leptotila wellsi) SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE abundance; distance sampling; Grenada Dove; Leptotila wellsi ID SCALY-NAPED PIGEONS; PUERTO-RICO; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BIRD ABUNDANCE; PLAIN PIGEONS; CONSERVATION; DENSITY; VIEQUES; IMPROVE; ISLAND AB The Grenada Dove (Leptotila wellsi) is critically endangered; its abundance, as estimated by territory mapping, ranges from 68 to 91 calling males (or 136-182 individuals, assuming a census of paired males). However, an accurate census is unlikely in dry and moist forests, unpaired males may be more detectable than paired males, and sex ratio may be male biased. Because methodology can limit the value of monitoring, we used a systematic grid of survey points and distance sampling to estimate abundance (density and population size), accounting for covariates that may influence detection. Time of day was the most important covariate (e.g., individuals were detected at larger distances early than late in the morning). Density was negatively influenced by disturbance level (deforestation) and positively influenced by food abundance and vegetation cover (leguminous trees). None of the covariates caused extreme heterogeneity; and conventional and multiple-covariate analyses generated similar detection and density estimates, which suggests that model selection was of secondary importance for abundance inferences. Detection probability (mean +/- SE) was 0.166 +/- 0.031 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.114-0.242) within 340 m, density was 0.021 +/- 0.004 individuals ha(-1) (95% CI: 0.014-0.030), and population size was 160 +/- 30 individuals (95% CI: 107-229) in 7,621 ha. Although spatial distribution was slightly clumped (dispersion parameter: b similar to 1.31), we recommend surveying 150 points twice between late July and early August for abundance coefficient of variation (CV) <= 0.15, even if spatial distribution becomes more clumped (e.g., b = 2.5). More survey data are needed to better understand spatial and temporal density variation, test hypotheses about survey design (e.g., road bias in density estimation) and Grenada Dove ecology (rainfall, food, cover, and density correlations), and evaluate management actions (predator removal in nesting areas). With <250 Grenada Doves in the survey region, our data highlight the precarious conservation status of this island endemic, and the urgent need for effective management and targeted monitoring. C1 [Rivera-Milan, Frank F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Bertuol, Paulo; Simal, Fernando] STINAPA Bonaire, Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean, Netherlands. [Simal, Fernando] WILDCONSCIENCE, Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean, Netherlands. [Rusk, Bonnie L.] Grenada Dove Conservat Programme, Forestry & Natl Pk Dept, Queens Pk, Grenada. RP Rivera-Milan, FF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM frank_rivera@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Branch of Population and Habitat Assessment; STINAPA Bonaire, Natural and Historic Resources Unit; Forestry and National Parks Department, Government of Grenada FX Our work was possible thanks to support given by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Branch of Population and Habitat Assessment; STINAPA Bonaire, Natural and Historic Resources Unit; and the Forestry and National Parks Department, Government of Grenada. Thanks to Chief Forestry Officer A. Forteau, Conservation Officer A. Jeremiah, and department staff for their support and assistance with fieldwork. The use of trade, firm, or product names does not imply endorsement; and the findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views, determinations, or policies of our respective organizations. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 29 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2015 VL 117 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-131.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CE0FF UT WOS:000351479200009 ER PT J AU Uher-Koch, BD Schmutz, JA Wright, KG AF Uher-Koch, Brian D. Schmutz, Joel A. Wright, Kenneth G. TI Nest visits and capture events affect breeding success of Yellow-billed and Pacific loons SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE capture effects; investigator disturbance; research impacts; nest visit; breeding success; nest survival; Yellow-billed Loon; Pacific Loon ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; INVESTIGATOR DISTURBANCE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; METAANALYSIS; PREDATION; ECOLOGY; ALASKA; LAKE; POPULATIONS AB Accurate estimates of breeding success are essential for understanding population dynamics and for managing populations. Unfortunately, research activities to collect these data can negatively impact the breeding success of the study species and bias estimates of breeding success. Despite the potential for negative impacts, few studies have documented the effect of capturing incubating adults on nest survival or compared nest survival following different capture methods. In this study we evaluate the impacts of investigator disturbance associated with captures and nest visits on nest survival of Yellow-billed Loons (Gavia adamsii) and Pacific Loons (Gavia pacifica) in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A), an area of conservation concern, in 2011-2013. In an effort to reduce capture-related nest failures, we developed a new suspended dive net technique to catch territorial aquatic birds while off their nests. We then compared nest survival following suspended dive net captures to bow-net trap captures of breeding adult loons. Daily nest survival following bow-net trap or suspended dive net capture was about 30% lower than when adults were not captured. The effect of captures on nest survival was similar between bow-net trap and suspended dive net capture methods. Nest visits without captures also negatively impacted nest survival, although less than captures. If not accounted for, nest visitation biased daily survival rates of nests downward 6%. Effects of investigator disturbance did not differ by species or between years. Our results suggest that any source of disturbance that displaces incubating adult loons could potentially reduce nest survival. To maximize breeding success, human disturbance factors should be limited near loon nests. C1 [Uher-Koch, Brian D.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Wright, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wright, Kenneth G.] Biodivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME USA. RP Uher-Koch, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM buher-koch@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative; Wildlife Program of the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Mission Area FX Funding Statement: This work is part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and is supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Mission Area. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 27 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2015 VL 117 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-102.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CE0FF UT WOS:000351479200012 ER PT J AU Ramalho, RS da Silveira, AB Fonseca, PE Madeira, J Cosca, M Cachao, M Fonseca, MM Prada, SN AF Ramalho, Ricardo S. da Silveira, Antonio Brum Fonseca, Paulo E. Madeira, Jose Cosca, Michael Cachao, Mario Fonseca, Maria M. Prada, Susana N. TI The emergence of volcanic oceanic islands on a slow-moving plate: The example of Madeira Island, NE Atlantic SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Madeira; ocean island volcanoes; emergence; uplift; slow-moving plates; intrusions ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; PORTO-SANTO; EVOLUTION; ARCHIPELAGO; AR-40/AR-39; PALAGONITE; BIOFACIES; PORTUGAL; CANARY AB The transition from seamount to oceanic island typically involves surtseyan volcanism. However, the geological record at many islands in the NE Atlanticall located within the slow-moving Nubian platedoes not exhibit evidence for an emergent surtseyan phase but rather an erosive unconformity between the submarine basement and the overlying subaerial shield sequences. This suggests that the transition between seamount and island may frequently occur by a relative fall of sea level through uplift, eustatic changes, or a combination of both, and may not involve summit volcanism. In this study, we explore the consequences for island evolutionary models using Madeira Island (Portugal) as a case study. We have examined the geologic record at Madeira using a combination of detailed fieldwork, biostratigraphy, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology in order to document the mode, timing, and duration of edifice emergence above sea level. Our study confirms that Madeira's subaerial shield volcano was built upon the eroded remains of an uplifted seamount, with shallow marine sediments found between the two eruptive sequences and presently located at 320-430 m above sea level. This study reveals that Madeira emerged around 7.0-5.6 Ma essentially through an uplift process and before volcanic activity resumed to form the subaerial shield volcano. Basal intrusions are a likely uplift mechanism, and their emplacement is possibly enhanced by the slow motion of the Nubian plate relative to the source of partial melting. Alternating uplift and subsidence episodes suggest that island edifice growth may be governed by competing dominantly volcanic and dominantly intrusive processes. C1 [Ramalho, Ricardo S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Ramalho, Ricardo S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [da Silveira, Antonio Brum; Fonseca, Paulo E.; Madeira, Jose; Cachao, Mario] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Dept Geol, Lisbon, Portugal. [da Silveira, Antonio Brum; Fonseca, Paulo E.; Madeira, Jose; Cachao, Mario] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Inst Dom Luiz, Lisbon, Portugal. [Cosca, Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fonseca, Maria M.] Inst Super Agron, Inst Invest Cient Trop Bio Trop, Lisbon, Portugal. [Prada, Susana N.] Univ Madeira, Madeira, Portugal. [Prada, Susana N.] Univ Acores, Dept Ciencias Exactas & Engn, Ctr Vulcanol & Avaliacao Riscos Geol, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. RP Ramalho, RS (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. EM ric.ramalho@bristol.ac.uk RI Cachao, Mario/E-6037-2012; Ramalho, Ricardo/I-6031-2012; Brum da Silveira, Antonio/K-3055-2012; Madeira, Jose/K-4067-2012 OI Cachao, Mario/0000-0002-9490-4128; Ramalho, Ricardo/0000-0002-2338-5535; Brum da Silveira, Antonio/0000-0001-7140-0050; Madeira, Jose/0000-0003-4729-8994 FU Rota da Cal, within their musealization initiative; PRODERAM (Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e Recursos Naturais) under the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD/FEADER); FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship; FCT [LA-0019 IDL] FX Data supporting Figure 6 are available as supporting information data set 1. The old quarry and lime kilns at Lameiros have been preserved and integrated in a Museum Centre by the initiative of Rota da Cal-Associacao de Investigacao e Divulgacao de Fornos de Cal, a private NGO, to whom we acknowledge and commend for their work in preserving this geological and cultural heritage. The 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology presented in this paper was partially funded by Rota da Cal, within their musealization initiative cofunded by PRODERAM (Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e Recursos Naturais) under the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD/FEADER). R. Ramalho was funded by an FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship, which is gratefully acknowledged. A.B.S., P.E.F., J.M. and M.C. acknowledge FCT funding trough Project LA-0019 IDL. We thank T. Becken (Editor), A. Klugel, K. Turner, and an anonymous reviewer for their very helpful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 16 IS 2 BP 522 EP 537 DI 10.1002/2014GC005657 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE2BY UT WOS:000351619100010 ER PT J AU Suhardja, SK Grand, SP Wilson, D Guzman-Speziale, M Gomez-Gonzalez, JM Dominguez-Reyes, T Ni, J AF Suhardja, Sandy Kurniawan Grand, Stephen P. Wilson, David Guzman-Speziale, Marco Martin Gomez-Gonzalez, Juan Dominguez-Reyes, Tonatiuh Ni, James TI Crust and subduction zone structure of Southwestern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Rivera and Cocos plate; receiver function; crust structure; subduction zone; basalt to eclogite; MARS ID JALISCO BLOCK; WESTERN MEXICO; VOLCANIC BELT; RIVERA PLATE; S-WAVES; MANTLE; BENEATH; NORTH; RATIO; MOHO AB Southwestern Mexico is a region of complex active tectonics with subduction of the young Rivera and Cocos plates to the south and widespread magmatism and rifting in the continental interior. Here we use receiver function analysis on data recorded by a 50 station temporary deployment of seismometers known as the MARS (MApping the Rivera Subduction zone) array to investigate crustal structure as well as the nature of the subduction interface near the coast. The array was deployed in the Mexican states of Jalisco, Colima, and Michoacan. Crustal thickness varies from 20km near the coast to 42km in the continental interior. The Rivera plate has steeper dip than the Cocos plate and is also deeper along the coast than previous estimates have shown. Inland, there is not a correlation between the thickness of the crust and topography indicating that the high topography in northern Jalisco and Michoacan is likely supported by buoyant mantle. High crustal V-p/V-s ratios (greater than 1.82) are found beneath the trenchward edge of magmatism including below the Central Jalisco Volcanic Lineament and the Michoacan-Guanajuato Volcanic Field implying a new arc is forming closer to the trench than the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt. Elsewhere in the region, crustal V-p/V-s ratios are normal. The subducting Rivera and Cocos plates are marked by a dipping shear wave low-velocity layer. We estimate the thickness of the low-velocity layer to be 3 to 4km with an unusually high V-p/V-s ratio of 2.0 to 2.1 and a drop in S velocity of 25%. We postulate that the low-velocity zone is the upper oceanic crust with high pore pressures. The low-velocity zone ends from 45 to 50km depth and likely marks the basalt to eclogite transition. C1 [Suhardja, Sandy Kurniawan; Grand, Stephen P.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wilson, David] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Guzman-Speziale, Marco; Martin Gomez-Gonzalez, Juan] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro, Mexico. [Dominguez-Reyes, Tonatiuh] Univ Colima, Observ Vulcanol, Colima, Mexico. [Ni, James] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Grand, SP (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM steveg@jsg.utexas.edu RI Grand, Stephen/B-4238-2011 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0335782]; Geology Foundation of the Jackson School of Geosciences at the University of Texas; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [IN 117205] FX We thank all participants in the MARS experiment, especially Alejandro Martinez for leading the field work including siting and maintaining the instruments. Discussions with Luca Ferrari were greatly appreciated and beneficial. Two anonymous reviewers made suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Financial support for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation through grant EAR-0335782, the Geology Foundation of the Jackson School of Geosciences at the University of Texas, and grant IN 117205 from Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instrumentation and field support were provided by the IRIS-PASSCAL Instrumentation Center. The Observatorio Vulcanologico of the Universidada de Colima kindly provided space throughout the course of the field work and helped with customs. Finally, we thank Mike West for sharing data from the CODEX experiment. The MARS seismic data are available for download at the IRIS Data Management Center. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB PY 2015 VL 120 IS 2 BP 1020 EP 1035 DI 10.1002/2014JB011573 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE0BD UT WOS:000351466000023 ER PT J AU Munoz-Saez, C Manga, M Hurwitz, S Rudolph, ML Namiki, A Wang, CY AF Munoz-Saez, Carolina Manga, Michael Hurwitz, Shaul Rudolph, Maxwell L. Namiki, Atsuko Wang, Chi-Yuen TI Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geysers; Eruptions; Geothermal systems; Bubble trap; Conduit; Choked flow ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER; EARTH TIDAL FORCES; NORTHERN CHILE; GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; BAROMETRIC-PRESSURE; TECTONIC STRESSES; KAMCHATKA; FLUCTUATIONS; SEISMICITY AB Despite more than 200 years of scientific study, the internal dynamics of geyser systems remain poorly characterized. As a consequence, there remain fundamental questions about what processes initiate and terminate eruptions, and where eruptions begin. Over a one-week period in October 2012, we collected down-hole measurements of pressure and temperature in the conduit of an exceptionally regular geyser (132 s/cycle) located in the Chilean desert. We identified four stages in the geyser cycle: (1) recharge of water into the conduit after an eruption, driven by the pressure difference between water in the conduit and in a deeper reservoir; (2) a pre-eruptive stage that follows the recharge and is dominated by addition of steam from below; (3) the eruption, which occurs by rapid boiling of a large mass of water at the top of the water column, and decompression that propagates boiling conditions downward; and (4) a relaxation stage during which pressure and temperature decrease until conditions preceding the recharge stage are restored. Eruptions are triggered by the episodic addition of steam coming from depth, suggesting that the dynamics of the eruptions are dominated by geometrical and thermodynamic complexities in the conduit and reservoir. Further evidence favoring the dominance of internal processes in controlling periodicity is also provided by the absence of responses of the geyser to environmental perturbations (air pressure, temperature and probably also Earth tides). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Munoz-Saez, Carolina; Manga, Michael; Wang, Chi-Yuen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hurwitz, Shaul] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rudolph, Maxwell L.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Namiki, Atsuko] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. RP Munoz-Saez, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM carolimunoz@berkeley.edu RI Namiki, Atsuko/F-6711-2015; OI Namiki, Atsuko/0000-0002-1321-3780; Rudolph, Maxwell/0000-0001-7721-4224; Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU National Science Foundation [EAR1114184]; CEGA, University of Chile FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR1114184), and CEGA, University of Chile. We thank El Tatio team members who provided essential help in the laboratory and in the field: Fred Murphy, Ameeta Patel, Angello Negri, Pablo Ortega, Alberto Ardid, Cyndi Kelly, and Sarah Barrett. Eric King built the video camera system and took videos in the field. The fieldwork was performed with the permission of the Amayras Communities of Caspana and Toconce. We also thank Professor Lionel Wilson, Editor of Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, the reviewers Dr. Atsushi Toramaru, Dr. Alexander Belousov, Fred Murphy, internal reviewer for USGS, and Jenny Baca for first edition. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 292 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.01.002 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE4HP UT WOS:000351792000003 ER PT J AU Bergfeld, D Evans, WC Howle, JF Hunt, AG AF Bergfeld, Deborah Evans, William C. Howle, James F. Hunt, Andrew G. TI Magmatic gas emissions at Holocene volcanic features near Mono Lake, California, and their relation to regional magmatism SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Long Valley Caldera; CO2 emissions; Mono Craters; Mammoth Mountain; Mono Lake ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; CARBON-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; HELIUM-ISOTOPES; CO2 EMISSIONS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; SOIL CO2; USA; CA AB Silicic lavas have erupted repeatedly in the Mono Basin over the past few thousand years, forming the massive domes and coulees of the Mono Craters chain and the smaller island vents in Mono Lake. We report here on the first systematic study of magmatic CO2 emissions from these features, conducted during 2007-2010. Most notably, a known locus of weak steam venting on the summit of North Coulee is actually enclosed in a large area (similar to 025 km(2)) of diffuse gas discharge that emits 10-14 t/d of CO2, mostly at ambient temperature. Subsurface gases sampled here are heavily air-contaminated, but after standard corrections are applied, show average delta C-13-CO2 of -4.72 parts per thousand, He-3/He-4 of 5.89R(A), and CO2/He-3 of 0.77 x 10(10), very similar to the values in fumarolic gas from Mammoth Mountain and the Long Valley Caldera immediately to the south of the basin. If these values also characterize the magmatic gas source at Mono Lake, where CO2 is captured by the alkaline lake water, a magmatic CO2 upflow beneath the lake of similar to 4 t/d can be inferred. Groundwater discharge from the Mono Craters area transports similar to 13 t/d of C-14-dead CO2 as free gas and dissolved carbonate species, and adding in this component brings the estimated total magmatic CO2 output to 29 t/d for the two silicic systems in the Mono Basin. If these emissions reflect intrusion and degassing of underlying basalt with 0.5 wt.% CO2, a modest intrusion rate of 0.00075 km(3)/yr is indicated. Much higher intrusion rates are required to account for CO2 emissions from Mammoth Mountain and the West Moat of the Long Valley Caldera. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bergfeld, Deborah; Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Howle, James F.] US Geol Survey, Truckee, CA 96161 USA. [Hunt, Andrew G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bergfeld, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dbergfel@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program FX Our work is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program. We thank John Kazmerski (U.S. Forest Service) for field support and other logistical help on Paoha Island. Isotopic and chemical analyses were provided by several USGS laboratories, John Fitzpatrick (87Sr/86Sr) Menlo Park, CA; Andy Hunt (3He/4He) Denver, CO; Kinga Revesz (delta13C), Reston VA; Jack McGeehin (14C) Reston, VA; and Mark Huebner (anion chemistry, Menlo Park, CA). Helpful reviews were provided by Wes Hildreth, USGS, Menlo Park, CA and Loic Peiffer, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Access to the Mono tunnel entrance was provided by Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 292 BP 70 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.01.008 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE4HP UT WOS:000351792000005 ER PT J AU Verdin, A Rajagopalan, B Kleiber, W Funk, C AF Verdin, Andrew Rajagopalan, Balaji Kleiber, William Funk, Chris TI A Bayesian kriging approach for blending satellite and ground precipitation observations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; precipitation; satellite estimates; kriging; Central America; blending ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; RECURSIVE ESTIMATION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; SOUTH-AMERICA; MODEL; SCALE; RESOLUTION; SPACE AB Drought and flood management practices require accurate estimates of precipitation. Gauge observations, however, are often sparse in regions with complicated terrain, clustered in valleys, and of poor quality. Consequently, the spatial extent of wet events is poorly represented. Satellite-derived precipitation data are an attractive alternative, though they tend to underestimate the magnitude of wet events due to their dependency on retrieval algorithms and the indirect relationship between satellite infrared observations and precipitation intensities. Here we offer a Bayesian kriging approach for blending precipitation gauge data and the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation satellite-derived precipitation estimates for Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela. First, the gauge observations are modeled as a linear function of satellite-derived estimates and any number of other variablesfor this research we include elevation. Prior distributions are defined for all model parameters and the posterior distributions are obtained simultaneously via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The posterior distributions of these parameters are required for spatial estimation, and thus are obtained prior to implementing the spatial kriging model. This functional framework is applied to model parameters obtained by sampling from the posterior distributions, and the residuals of the linear model are subject to a spatial kriging model. Consequently, the posterior distributions and uncertainties of the blended precipitation estimates are obtained. We demonstrate this method by applying it to pentadal and monthly total precipitation fields during 2009. The model's performance and its inherent ability to capture wet events are investigated. We show that this blending method significantly improves upon the satellite-derived estimates and is also competitive in its ability to represent wet events. This procedure also provides a means to estimate a full conditional distribution of the true observed precipitation value at each grid cell. C1 [Verdin, Andrew; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kleiber, William] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Verdin, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andrew.verdin@colorado.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 FU NOAA [NA11OAR4310151]; Climate Hazards Group at the University of California, Santa Barbara FX The authors thankfully acknowledge: three anonymous reviewers for their detailed and insightful reviews that improved this manuscript; NOAA Award NA11OAR4310151 for funding this research; and the Climate Hazards Group at the University of California, Santa Barbara, for the data and the support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 908 EP 921 DI 10.1002/2014WR015963 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CD9ET UT WOS:000351401200008 ER PT J AU Bhaskar, AS Welty, C Maxwell, RM Miller, AJ AF Bhaskar, Aditi S. Welty, Claire Maxwell, Reed M. Miller, Andrew J. TI Untangling the effects of urban development on subsurface storage in Baltimore SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE cloud simulations; convection; microphysics; precipitation; emulation; uncertainty ID SOIL-SAPROLITE SEQUENCE; BASE-FLOW TRENDS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; NEW-YORK; LAND-USE; STORMWATER MANAGEMENT; SOLUTE-TRANSPORT; WATER-BUDGET; RIVER-BASIN AB The impact of urban development on surface flow has been studied extensively over the last half century, but effects on groundwater systems are still poorly understood. Previous studies of the influence of urban development on subsurface storage have not revealed any consistent pattern, with results showing increases, decreases, and negligible change in groundwater levels. In this paper, we investigated the effects of four key features that impact subsurface storage in urban landscapes. These include reduced vegetative cover, impervious surface cover, infiltration and inflow (I&I) of groundwater and storm water into wastewater pipes, and other anthropogenic recharge and discharge fluxes including water supply pipe leakage and well and reservoir withdrawals. We applied the integrated groundwater-surface water-land surface model ParFlow.CLM to the Baltimore metropolitan area. We compared the base case (all four features) to simulations in which an individual urban feature was removed. For the Baltimore region, the effect of infiltration of groundwater into wastewater pipes had the greatest effect on subsurface storage (I&I decreased subsurface storage 11.1% relative to precipitation minus evapotranspiration after 1 year), followed by the impact of water supply pipe leakage and lawn irrigation (combined anthropogenic discharges and recharges led to a 7.4% decrease) and reduced vegetation (1.9% increase). Impervious surface cover led to a small increase in subsurface storage (0.56% increase) associated with decreased groundwater discharge as base flow. The change in subsurface storage due to infiltration of groundwater into wastewater pipes was largest despite the smaller spatial extent of surface flux modifications, compared to other features. C1 [Bhaskar, Aditi S.; Welty, Claire] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Bhaskar, Aditi S.; Welty, Claire; Miller, Andrew J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Bhaskar, Aditi S.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Maxwell, Reed M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Maxwell, Reed M.] ReNUWIt, Urban Water Engn Res Ctr, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO USA. [Miller, Andrew J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Bhaskar, AS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM abhaskar@usgs.gov RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DGE-0549469, EF-0709659, DEB-0948944, CBET-1058038, CBET-0854307, EEC-1028968]; NOAA [NA10OAR431220]; NSF [DEB-0423476, DEB-1027188, OCI-1053575]; NSF through the MRI program [CNS-0821258, CNS-1228778]; SCREMS program [DMS-0821311] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DGE-0549469, EF-0709659, DEB-0948944, CBET-1058038, CBET-0854307, EEC-1028968, and NOAA grant NA10OAR431220. In addition, this work builds upon field and data infrastructure supported by the NSF Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program (Baltimore Ecosystem Study) under NSF grants DEB-0423476 and DEB-1027188. The study used a number of computational resources, including the UMBC High Performance Computing Facility (HPCF). This facility is supported by NSF through the MRI program (grants CNS-0821258 and CNS-1228778) and the SCREMS program (grant DMS-0821311), with additional substantial support from UMBC. The study also utilized the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by NSF grant OCI-1053575, and simulations were conducted on Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences. NLDAS-2 forcing data used in this study were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). This work benefited from data queried by Wendy McPherson (USGS). We are grateful for the assistance of Joshua Cole, Roxanne Sanderson, Kelsey Weaver, Thomas Myers, Cynthia Ward, and Dakota Smith of the Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education at UMBC in obtaining and processing model input data. We had beneficial discussions with Jeff Raffensperger (USGS) and Dean Cowherd (Maryland NRCS). David Bayer (Baltimore County), Carlos A. Espinosa (KCI), and Gould Charshee (BMC) helpfully provided data. The modeling work also benefited from discussions with Michael Barnes and Alimatou Seck. The data used to produce the results in this article are freely available at https://knb.ecoinformatics.org/#view/knb.473.2. NR 106 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 1158 EP 1181 DI 10.1002/2014WR016039 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CD9ET UT WOS:000351401200022 ER PT J AU Swanson, RD Binley, A Keating, K France, S Osterman, G Day-Lewis, FD Singha, K AF Swanson, Ryan D. Binley, Andrew Keating, Kristina France, Samantha Osterman, Gordon Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Singha, Kamini TI Anomalous solute transport in saturated porous media: Relating transport model parameters to electrical and nuclear magnetic resonance properties SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NMR; electrical resistivity; complex conductivity; solute transport; dual-domain mass transfer; DDMT ID SPECTRAL INDUCED POLARIZATION; NON-FICKIAN TRANSPORT; MASS-TRANSFER; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MACRODISPERSION EXPERIMENT; INTRAGRANULAR DIFFUSION; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE-REACTIONS; AQUIFER MATERIAL AB The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) fails to describe commonly observed non-Fickian solute transport in saturated porous media, necessitating the use of other models such as the dual-domain mass-transfer (DDMT) model. DDMT model parameters are commonly calibrated via curve fitting, providing little insight into the relation between effective parameters and physical properties of the medium. There is a clear need for material characterization techniques that can provide insight into the geometry and connectedness of pore spaces related to transport model parameters. Here, we consider proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), direct-current (DC) resistivity, and complex conductivity (CC) measurements for this purpose, and assess these methods using glass beads as a control and two different samples of the zeolite clinoptilolite, a material that demonstrates non-Fickian transport due to intragranular porosity. We estimate DDMT parameters via calibration of a transport model to column-scale solute tracer tests, and compare NMR, DC resistivity, CC results, which reveal that grain size alone does not control transport properties and measured geophysical parameters; rather, volume and arrangement of the pore space play important roles. NMR cannot provide estimates of more-mobile and less-mobile pore volumes in the absence of tracer tests because these estimates depend critically on the selection of a material-dependent and flow-dependent cutoff time. Increased electrical connectedness from DC resistivity measurements are associated with greater mobile pore space determined from transport model calibration. CC was hypothesized to be related to length scales of mass transfer, but the CC response is unrelated to DDMT. C1 [Swanson, Ryan D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Binley, Andrew; France, Samantha] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Keating, Kristina; Osterman, Gordon] Rutgers Univ Newark, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT USA. [Singha, Kamini] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Singha, Kamini] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn Hydrol Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Swanson, RD (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ryaswans@mymail.mines.edu OI Keating, Kristina/0000-0002-5531-8716; Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X; Binley, Andrew/0000-0002-0938-9070 FU Department of Energy Environmental Remediation Science Program [DE-SC0001773]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0750756, DGE-1057607, EAR-0747629]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy Environmental Remediation Science Program grant DE-SC0001773, National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship DGE-0750756 and DGE-1057607, National Science Foundation grant EAR-0747629, and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology and Groundwater Resources Programs. We are grateful to Richard Wilbraham (Department of Engineering, Lancaster University) for SEM analysis. The data for this paper are available upon request by emailing ryaswans@mines.edu. The views and conclusions in this article represent the views solely of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies, but do represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 1264 EP 1283 DI 10.1002/2014WR015284 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CD9ET UT WOS:000351401200027 ER PT J AU Wang, C Schaller, H AF Wang, Christina Schaller, Howard TI Conserving Pacific Lamprey through Collaborative Efforts SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ENTOSPHENUS-TRIDENTATUS; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; RIVER; RISK AB Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) have been an important part of the ecological community and co-evolved with aquatic species of the western rivers of the United States. Scarce information on Pacific Lamprey has hindered conservation and management efforts. To assess and conserve Pacific Lamprey, we developed a conservation initiative composed of three parts: assessment, conservation agreement, and regional implementation plans. We applied a novel ranking system that characterized risk to Pacific Lamprey throughout the U.S. range. We found that the majority of watersheds are at relatively high risk of extirpation, with few secure. The risk assessment results were instrumental in gaining partners' support for a conservation agreement, with the goal of achieving long-term persistence and supporting traditional tribal cultural use of Pacific Lamprey. This extensive support has led to a collaborative effort in developing implementation plans and delivering numerous conservation actions. This approach for assessing Pacific Lamprey status and identifying restoration priorities is easily transferrable to other species. La lamprea del Pacifico (Entosphenus tridentatus) ha sido parte esencial de la comunidad ecologica y ha co-evolucionado con especies acuaticas de los rios del oeste de los EE.UU. La falta de informacion sobre la lamprea del Pacifico ha entorpecido los esfuerzos de manejo y conservacion. Con el fin de evaluar y conservar la lamprea del Pacifico, se desarrollo una iniciativa de conservacion que se compone de tres partes: evaluacion, acuerdos de conservacion y planes regionales de implementacion. Se aplica un sistema nuevo de ordenacion que caracteriza el riesgo de la lamprea del Pacifico a lo largo de los EE.UU. Se encontro que, con algunas excepciones, en la mayor parte de las cuencas hidrologicas, la especie esta en riesgo de extirpacion. Los resultados de la evaluacion del riesgo fueron esenciales para adquirir el apoyo de los participantes en los acuerdos de conservacion, con el objetivo de lograr la persistencia de largo plazo y apoyo del uso cultural de la lamprea del Pacifico. Este amplio apoyo ha dado como resultado un esfuerzo de colaboracion para desarrollar planes de implementacion y la puesta en practica de numerosas acciones de conservacion. Este enfoque para evaluar el estado de la lamprea del Pacifico y para identificar prioridades de restauracion se puede transferir facilmente a otras especies. C1 [Wang, Christina; Schaller, Howard] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM Christina_Wang@fws.gov FU USFWS FX The USFWS provided funding. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2015 VL 40 IS 2 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.996871 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CC7SU UT WOS:000350569500008 ER PT J AU Talling, PJ Allin, J Armitage, DA Arnott, RWC Cartigny, MJB Clare, MA Felletti, F Covault, JA Girardclos, S Hansen, E Hill, PR Hiscott, RN Hogg, AJ Clarke, JH Jobe, ZR Malgesini, G Mozzato, A Naruse, H Parkinson, S Peel, FJ Piper, DJW Pope, E Postma, G Rowley, P Sguazzini, A Stevenson, CJ Sumner, EJ Sylvester, Z Watts, C Xu, JP AF Talling, Peter J. Allin, Joshua Armitage, Dominic A. Arnott, Robert W. C. Cartigny, Matthieu J. B. Clare, Michael A. Felletti, Fabrizio Covault, Jacob A. Girardclos, Stephanie Hansen, Ernst Hill, Philip R. Hiscott, Richard N. Hogg, Andrew J. Clarke, John Hughes Jobe, Zane R. Malgesini, Giuseppe Mozzato, Alessandro Naruse, Hajime Parkinson, Sam Peel, Frank J. Piper, David J. W. Pope, Ed Postma, George Rowley, Pete Sguazzini, Andrea Stevenson, Christopher J. Sumner, Esther J. Sylvester, Zoltan Watts, Camilla Xu, Jingping TI KEY FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH ON TURBIDITY CURRENTS AND THEIR DEPOSITS SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT DENSITY FLOWS; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDE OCCURRENCE; LEVEL-INDUCED SEISMICITY; DEEP-SEA; GRAVITY FLOWS; MONTEREY CANYON; CHANNEL EVOLUTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HYDRAULIC JUMPS; CYCLIC STEPS AB Turbidity currents, and other types of submarine sediment density flow, redistribute more sediment across the surface of the Earth than any other sediment flow process, yet their sediment concentration has never been measured directly in the deep ocean. The deposits of these flows are of societal importance as imperfect records of past earthquakes and tsunamogenic landslides and as the reservoir rocks for many deep-water petroleum accumulations. Key future research directions on these flows and their deposits were identified at an informal workshop in September 2013. This contribution summarizes conclusions from that workshop, and engages the wider community in this debate. International efforts are needed for an initiative to monitor and understand a series of test sites where flows occur frequently, which needs coordination to optimize sharing of equipment and interpretation of data. Direct monitoring observations should be combined with cores and seismic data to link flow and deposit character, whilst experimental and numerical models play a key role in understanding field observations. Such an initiative may be timely and feasible, due to recent technological advances in monitoring sensors, moorings, and autonomous data recovery. This is illustrated here by recently collected data from the Squamish River delta, Monterey Canyon, Congo Canyon, and offshore SE Taiwan. A series of other key topics are then highlighted. Theoretical considerations suggest that supercritical flows may often occur on gradients of greater than, similar to 0.6 degrees. Trains of up-slope-migrating bedforms have recently been mapped in a wide range ofmarine and freshwater settings. They may result from repeated hydraulic jumps in supercritical flows, and dense (greater than approximately 10% volume) near-bed layers may need to be invoked to explain transport of heavy (25 to 1,000 kg) blocks. Future work needs to understand how sediment is transported in these bedforms, the internal structure and preservation potential of their deposits, and their use in facies prediction. Turbulence damping may be widespread and commonplace in submarine sediment density flows, particularly as flows decelerate, because it can occur at low (< 0.1%) volume concentrations. This could have important implications for flow evolution and deposit geometries. Better quantitative constraints are needed on what controls flow capacity and competence, together with improved constraints on bed erosion and sediment resuspension. Recent advances in understanding dilute or mainly saline flows in submarine channels should be extended to explore how flow behavior changes as sediment concentrations increase. The petroleum industry requires predictive models of longer-term channel system behavior and resulting deposit architecture, and for these purposes it is important to distinguish between geomorphic and stratigraphic surfaces in seismic datasets. Validation of models, including against full-scale field data, requires clever experimental design of physical models and targeted field programs. C1 [Talling, Peter J.; Allin, Joshua; Cartigny, Matthieu J. B.; Clare, Michael A.; Malgesini, Giuseppe; Mozzato, Alessandro; Peel, Frank J.; Pope, Ed; Watts, Camilla] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Armitage, Dominic A.] Conoco Phillips, Houston, TX 77079 USA. [Arnott, Robert W. C.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Felletti, Fabrizio; Sguazzini, Andrea] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Covault, Jacob A.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX USA. [Girardclos, Stephanie] Univ Geneva, Sect Earth & Environm Sci, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. [Girardclos, Stephanie] Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. [Hansen, Ernst] Complex Flow Design, NO-7462 Trondheim, Norway. [Hill, Philip R.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Hiscott, Richard N.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. [Hogg, Andrew J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. [Clarke, John Hughes] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geodesy & Geomat Engn, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Jobe, Zane R.; Sylvester, Zoltan] Shell Projects & Technol, Houston, TX 77082 USA. [Naruse, Hajime] Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Parkinson, Sam] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Piper, David J. W.] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Nat Resources Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Postma, George] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Rowley, Pete] Univ London, Royal Holloway, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Stevenson, Christopher J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Sumner, Esther J.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Sumner, Esther J.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Xu, Jingping] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Talling, PJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RI Girardclos, Stephanie/K-4671-2012; Clare, Michael/C-7937-2016; Rowley, Peter/M-1069-2016; Cartigny, Matthieu/N-2683-2014; Naruse, Hajime/J-2524-2013; Sylvester, Zoltan/F-1817-2010; OI Pope, Ed/0000-0002-2090-2971; FELLETTI, FABRIZIO/0000-0002-6613-658X; Allin, Joshua/0000-0002-4003-7495; Girardclos, Stephanie/0000-0001-5885-3733; Rowley, Peter/0000-0002-8322-5808; Cartigny, Matthieu/0000-0001-6446-5577; Naruse, Hajime/0000-0003-3863-3404; Sylvester, Zoltan/0000-0002-4890-4063; Jobe, Zane/0000-0002-7654-4528 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K011480/1, NE/M017540/1] NR 142 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 13 U2 65 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 85 IS 2 BP 153 EP 169 DI 10.2110/jsr.2015.03 PG 17 WC Geology SC Geology GA CC3YS UT WOS:000350288000007 ER PT J AU Clark, AM Harper, JT Fagre, DB AF Clark, Adam M. Harper, Joel T. Fagre, Daniel B. TI Glacier-derived August runoff in northwest Montana SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; MASS-BALANCE; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; BULL TROUT; TEMPERATURE; MELT; STREAMFLOW; CANADA; RADIATION; SPERRY AB The second largest concentration of glaciers in the U.S. Rocky Mountains is located in Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana. The total glacier-covered area in this region decreased by similar to 35% over the past 50 years, which has raised substantial concern about the loss of the water derived from glaciers during the summer. We used an innovative weather station design to collect in situ measurements on five remote glaciers, which are used to parameterize a regional glacier melt model. This model offered a first-order estimate of the summer meltwater production by glaciers. We find, during the normally dry month of August, glaciers in the region produce approximately 25 x 10(6) m(3) of potential runoff. We then estimated the glacier runoff component in five gaged streams sourced from GNP basins containing glaciers. Glacier-melt contributions range from 5% in a basin only 0.12% glacierized to >90% in a basin 28.5% glacierized. Glacier loss would likely lead to lower discharges and warmer temperatures in streams draining basins >20% glacier-covered. Lower flows could even be expected in streams draining basins as little as 1.4% glacierized if glaciers were to disappear. C1 [Clark, Adam M.; Harper, Joel T.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Clark, Adam M.; Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Clark, AM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, 32 Campus Dr 1296, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM amclark@usgs.gov FU Montana Water Center; American Alpine Club; Geological Society of America; Patrick McDonough Foundation; Inland Northwest Research Alliance FX The authors would like to thank the Montana Water Center, the American Alpine Club, the Geological Society of America, the Patrick McDonough Foundation, and the Inland Northwest Research Alliance their financial support. We also thank multiple reviewers for their helpful comments, which significantly improved this paper. This work is also a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Clark would especially like to thank the many volunteers who worked so hard to haul weather station equipment across some of Glacier Park's most rugged terrain. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 28 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1657/AAAR0014-033 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CC3BK UT WOS:000350219000001 ER PT J AU Sollmann, R Gardner, B Chandler, RB Royle, JA Sillett, TS AF Sollmann, Rahel Gardner, Beth Chandler, Richard B. Royle, J. Andrew Sillett, T. Scott TI An open-population hierarchical distance sampling model SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphelocoma insularis; demography; distance sampling; Island Scrub-Jay; Markov model; population trend estimation; power analysis; Santa Cruz Island; California; USA; temporal autocorrelation ID ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; COUNTS; SIZE AB Modeling population dynamics while accounting for imperfect detection is essential to monitoring programs. Distance sampling allows estimating population size while accounting for imperfect detection, but existing methods do not allow for estimation of demographic parameters. We develop a model that uses temporal correlation in abundance arising from underlying population dynamics to estimate demographic parameters from repeated distance sampling surveys. Using a simulation study motivated by designing a monitoring program for Island Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma insularis), we investigated the power of this model to detect population trends. We generated temporally autocorrelated abundance and distance sampling data over six surveys, using population rates of change of 0.95 and 0.90. We fit the data generating Markovian model and a mis-specified model with a log-linear time effect on abundance, and derived post hoc trend estimates from a model estimating abundance for each survey separately. We performed these analyses for varying numbers of survey points. Power to detect population changes was consistently greater under the Markov model than under the alternatives, particularly for reduced numbers of survey points. The model can readily be extended to more complex demographic processes than considered in our simulations. This novel framework can be widely adopted for wildlife population monitoring. C1 [Sollmann, Rahel; Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Sillett, T. Scott] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sollmann, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rsollma@ncsu.edu RI Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU U.S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline FX The U.S. National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline jointly funded this study via the Park Oriented Biological Support program. This manuscript was improved by comments and advice from S. A. Morrison, Courtney Amundson, David L. Miller, Steve Buckland, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2015 VL 96 IS 2 BP 325 EP 331 DI 10.1890/14-1625.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC6OI UT WOS:000350484600003 PM 26240853 ER PT J AU Chambert, T Miller, DAW Nichols, JD AF Chambert, Thierry Miller, David A. W. Nichols, James D. TI Modeling false positive detections in species occurrence data under different study designs SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detection error; false negative; false positive; misidentification; observation error; occupancy modeling; species distribution modeling ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; OCCUPANCY MODELS; PATTERNS; ERRORS; DETECTABILITY; COOCCURRENCE; DYNAMICS AB The occurrence of false positive detections in presence-absence data, even when they occur infrequently, can lead to severe bias when estimating species occupancy patterns. Building upon previous efforts to account for this source of observational error, we established a general framework to model false positives in occupancy studies and extend existing modeling approaches to encompass a broader range of sampling designs. Specifically, we identified three common sampling designs that are likely to cover most scenarios encountered by researchers. The different designs all included ambiguous detections, as well as some known-truth data, but their modeling differed in the level of the model hierarchy at which the known-truth information was incorporated (site level or observation level). For each model, we provide the likelihood, as well as R and BUGS code needed for implementation. We also establish a clear terminology and provide guidance to help choosing the most appropriate design and modeling approach. C1 [Chambert, Thierry; Miller, David A. W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. [Chambert, Thierry; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Chambert, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. EM thierry.chambert@gmail.com RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 FU U.S. Geological Survey-Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (AR-MI) FX We are very grateful to Marc Kery, who provided useful comments that greatly helped improving the manuscript. Funding for T. Chambert was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey-Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (AR-MI). This is ARMI contribution number 493. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2015 VL 96 IS 2 BP 332 EP 339 DI 10.1890/14-1507.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC6OI UT WOS:000350484600004 PM 26240854 ER PT J AU Chambert, T Rotella, JJ Garrott, RA AF Chambert, Thierry Rotella, Jay J. Garrott, Robert A. TI Female Weddell seals show flexible strategies of colony attendance related to varying environmental conditions SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal movement; colony attendance; Leptonychotes weddellii; life history; mark-recapture; Ross Sea; Antarctica; sea-ice extent; seasonal migration; temporary emigration; unobservable state; Weddell seal ID LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLII; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; PARTIAL MIGRATION; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR; 1ST REPRODUCTION; BREEDING SUCCESS; MARINE PREDATOR; DIVING BEHAVIOR; RECAPTURE DATA AB Many animal life cycles involve movements among different habitats to fulfill varying resource demands. There are inherent costs associated with such movements, and the decision to leave or stay at a given location ought to be motivated by the benefits associated with potential target habitats. Because movement patterns, especially those associated with reproduction, can have important implications for the success (survival, reproduction) of individual animals, and therefore a population's dynamics, it is important to identify and understand their sources of variation (environmental and individual). Here, using a mark-recapture, multistate modeling approach, we investigated a set of a priori hypotheses regarding sources and patterns of variation in breeding-colony attendance for Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) females on sabbatical from pup production. For such females, colony attendance might be motivated by predation avoidance and positive social interactions related to reproduction, but some costs, such as reduced foraging opportunities or aggressive interactions with conspecifics, might also exist. We expected these benefits and costs to vary with a female's condition and the environment. Results revealed that the probability of being absent from colonies was higher (1) in years when the extent of local sea ice was larger, (2) for the youngest and oldest individuals, and (3) for females with less reproductive experience. We also found substantial levels of residual individual heterogeneity in these rates. Based on our a priori predictions, we postulate that the decision to attend breeding colonies or not is directly influenced by an individual's physiological condition, as well as by the ice-covered distance to good foraging areas, availability of predator-free haul-out sites, and the level of negative interactions with conspecifics inside colonies. Our results support the idea that in iteroparous species, and colonial animals in particular, seasonal and temporary movements from/to reproductive sites represent flexible behavioral strategies that can play an important role in coping with environmental variability. C1 [Chambert, Thierry; Rotella, Jay J.; Garrott, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Chambert, Thierry] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Chambert, Thierry] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Chambert, T (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM Thierry.chambert@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs [ANT-1141326]; NSF FX We thank the many individuals who have supervised and worked on the Erebus Bay Weddell seal population project since the 1960s, and particularly Donald B. Siniff, who started the long-term mark-recapture program on this population. The project was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs (grant no ANT-1141326 to J. J. Rotella, R. A. Garrott, and D. B. Siniff) and prior NSF grants to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, D. B. Siniff, and J. W. Testa. Logistical support for fieldwork in Antarctica was provided by Lockheed Martin, Raytheon Polar Services Company, Antarctic Support Associates, the U.S. Navy and Air Force, and Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated. Animal captures and handling protocols were approved by Montana State University's Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #2011-38) and conducted under permits from the Marine Mammal Protection Act (permit No. 17236) and Antarctic Conservation Act (permit ACA 2013-007). NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2015 VL 96 IS 2 BP 479 EP 488 DI 10.1890/14-0911.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC6OI UT WOS:000350484600019 PM 26240869 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Sutherland, C Fuller, AK Sun, CC AF Royle, J. Andrew Sutherland, Chris Fuller, Angela K. Sun, Catherine C. TI Likelihood analysis of spatial capture-recapture models for stratified or class structured populations SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; categorical covariates; class structure; density; missing data; sex assignment; spatial capture-recapture; stratified populations ID BLACK BEAR; GRIZZLY BEARS; DENSITY; SIZE; ABUNDANCE; SEX AB We develop a likelihood analysis framework for fitting spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models to data collected on class structured or stratified populations. Our interest is motivated by the necessity of accommodating the problem of missing observations of individual class membership. This is particularly problematic in SCR data arising from DNA analysis of scat, hair or other material, which frequently yields individual identity but fails to identify the sex. Moreover, this can represent a large fraction of the data and, given the typically small sample sizes of many capture-recapture studies based on DNA information, utilization of the data with missing sex information is necessary. We develop the class structured likelihood for the case of missing covariate values, and then we address the scaling of the likelihood so that models with and without class structured parameters can be formally compared regardless of missing values. We apply our class structured model to black bear data collected in New York in which sex could be determined for only 62 of 169 uniquely identified individuals. The models containing sex-specificity of both the intercept of the SCR encounter probability model and the distance coefficient, and including a behavioral response are strongly favored by log-likelihood. Estimated population sex ratio is strongly influenced by sex structure in model parameters illustrating the importance of rigorous modeling of sex differences in capture-recapture models. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Sutherland, Chris; Sun, Catherine C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, USGS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD FEB PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 AR 22 DI 10.1890/ES14-00148.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC5YN UT WOS:000350441300002 ER PT J AU Thorne, JH Boynton, RM Flint, LE Flint, AL AF Thorne, James H. Boynton, R. M. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. TI The magnitude and spatial patterns of historical and future hydrologic change in California's watersheds SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Basin Characterization Model; California; climate change; climatic water deficit; downscaling; exposure analysis; hydroclimatology; process-based model; recharge; runoff; snowpack; water balance ID CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; MODELS; TRENDS; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB Process-based models that link climate and hydrology permit improved assessments of climate change impacts among watersheds. We used the Basin Characterization Model (BCM), a regional water balance model to (1) ask what is the magnitude of historical and projected future change in the hydrology of California's watersheds; (2) test the spatial congruence of watersheds with the most historical and future hydrologic change; and (3) identify watersheds with high levels of hydrologic change under drier and wetter future climates. We assessed change for 5135 watersheds over a 60-year historical period and compared it to 90-year future projections. Watershed change was analyzed for climatic water deficit, April 1st snowpack, recharge, and runoff. Watersheds were ranked by change for the historical and two future scenarios. We developed a normalized index of hydrologic change that combined the four variables, and identified which watersheds show the most spatial congruence of large historical change and continued change under the two futures. Of the top 20% of all watersheds (1028), 591 in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and Northwestern ecoregions have high spatial congruence across all time periods. Among watersheds where change accelerates in the future, but not historically, a majority are congruent between both climate models, predominantly in the Sierra Nevada, Cascade Ranges and the Northwestern ecoregions. This congruence of impacts in watersheds under drier or wetter scenarios is driven by snowpack, but in areas with low snowpack, hydrologic change varied spatially depending on projected precipitation and temperature, with 151 watersheds in Northwestern California showing high levels of drying under the drier scenario, while 103 watersheds in Central western and Southwestern California show increasing hydrologic activity under the wetter scenario. In some regions, the loss of snowpack allows the cycle of runoff and recharge to function without delay represented by springtime snow melt, causing these watersheds to become more immediately hydrologically responsive to changing climate. The study also found watersheds with low rainfall that have already passed through their highest response to changing climate, and show less future change. The methods used here can also be used to identify watersheds resilient to changing climate. C1 [Thorne, James H.; Boynton, R. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Thorne, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jhthorne@ucdavis.edu FU California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research program [500-09-037] FX Research was supported by grant 500-09-037 of the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research program. J. H. Thorne, L. E. Flint and A. L. Flint designed the project; R. M. Boynton, A. L. Flint, L. E. Flint, and J. H. Thorne conducted the modeling and analysis; J. H. Thorne, L. E. Flint and A. L. Flint wrote the manuscript; and R. M. Boynton provided the graphics. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD FEB PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 AR 24 DI 10.1890/ES14-00300.1 PG 30 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC5YN UT WOS:000350441300004 ER PT J AU Orben, RA Irons, DB Paredes, R Roby, DD Phillips, RA Shaffer, SA AF Orben, Rachael A. Irons, David B. Paredes, Rosana Roby, Daniel D. Phillips, Richard A. Shaffer, Scott A. TI North or south? Niche separation of endemic red-legged kittiwakes and sympatric black-legged kittiwakes during their non-breeding migrations SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; ecological segregation; geolocation; non-breeding habitat; North Pacific; resource partitioning; Rissa brevirostris; Rissa tridactyla; seabird; sibling species ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PISCIVOROUS SEABIRDS; FORAGING HABITATS; FUTURE CLIMATE; FUR SEALS; PATTERNS; WINTER; OCEAN; SEGREGATION AB Aim Species that breed sympatrically often occupy different foraging niches to mitigate competition for prey. When resource availability declines at the end of the breeding season, some animals migrate to regions with more favourable environmental conditions. When these life-history traits combine, foraging habitat preferences may continue to influence migration patterns and habitat utilization. The Bering Sea is home to the red-legged kittiwake (RLKI), Rissa brevirostris, which is endemic, and the black-legged kittiwake (BLKI), Rissa tridactyla, which has a circumpolar breeding distribution. Since the 1970s, numbers of RLKIs at the largest colony have declined and then recovered, whilst the BLKI population has remained stable. Knowledge of the migration ecology of kittiwakes is key to understanding differences in population trajectories, and predicting possible future responses of these species to climate change. Location Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, subarctic North Pacific. Methods Using geolocation loggers, we tracked adult RLKIs and BLKIs during their non-breeding migrations. We used iterative methods to assess suitable sample sizes for determining space use. Kittiwakes are surface foragers; therefore we used wet-dry data to distinguish active foraging behaviour and to test the species' responses to environmental conditions. Stable isotope ratios of feathers grown during the non-breeding period were used to assess dietary niche. Results RLKIs remained largely in the Bering Sea, where they experienced colder conditions and shorter days; individual birds used multiple habitats, including the continental shelves, the sea-ice edge and pelagic waters. In contrast, BLKIs migrated to the subarctic North Pacific, where they dispersed laterally across the basin; the majority of birds travelled to the western subarctic. RLKIs spent less time actively foraging than BLKIs, and consumed higher trophic-level prey. Main conclusions The disparate wintering ranges and foraging behaviour of BLKIs and RLKIs suggest distinct environmental factors drive variation in over-winter survival. A strong association with sea ice, and specialization both in diet and foraging behaviour, may make RLKIs particularly vulnerable to climatic change. C1 [Orben, Rachael A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Paredes, Rosana; Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Phillips, Richard A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Shaffer, Scott A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Orben, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM raorben@gmail.com RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009; OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059; Orben, Rachael/0000-0002-0802-407X FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [911, B63]; UCSC; NPRB; Friends of Long Marine Lab and Earl; Ethyl Meyers Oceanographic Trust; RLKI work FX This research was approved by the animal care and use committee of the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) and by permit from the US Fish and Wildlife Service (US-FWS). We are highly indebted to a team of field biologists including S.D. Kildaw, B. Drummond, J. Harley, C. Kroeger, D. Lyons, K. McKay, V. Patel, R. Steenweg and J. Warzybok. We also thank the Alaska Marine National Wildlife for their continued and long-term efforts to monitor seabird populations in Alaska. R. Young and A. Kitaysky provided laboratory assistance in sexing study birds. We are grateful to two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. This research was predominantly funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) project 911 to D.B.I., D. A. R. and S.A.S., and project B63 to D.B.I. and D. D. R. R.A.O. was supported by a UCSC Regents fellowship, a NPRB graduate fellowship and a UCSC Chancellor's dissertation year fellowship. Grants from Friends of Long Marine Lab and Earl and Ethyl Meyers Oceanographic Trust to R.A.O. supported the RLKI work. This is NPRB contribution number 507. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 42 IS 2 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1111/jbi.12425 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CC7OX UT WOS:000350558900018 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Rose, BP AF Mesa, M. G. Rose, B. P. TI An assessment of morphometric indices, blood chemistry variables and an energy meter as indicators of the whole body lipid content in Micropterus dolomieu, Sander vitreus and Ictalurus punctatus SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Columbia River; condition; fat content; fat meter; nutritional status; piscivores ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; CHINOOK SALMON; NONLETHAL; FISH; RELIABILITY; MORTALITY AB The effectiveness of several non-lethal techniques as indicators of total lipid content in smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, walleye Sander vitreus and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was investigated. The techniques included (1) the Fulton and relative condition factors, (2) relative mass, (3) plasma indicators of nutritional status (alkaline phosphatase, calcium, cholesterol, protein, triglycerides and glucose) and (4) readings from a hand-held, microwave energy meter. Although simple linear regression analysis showed that lipid content was significantly correlated with several predictor variables in each species, the r(2) values for the relations ranged from 017 to 050 and no single approach was consistent for all species. Only one model, between energy-meter readings and lipid content in I. punctatus, had an r(2) value (083) high enough to justify using it as a predictive tool. Results indicate that no single variable was an accurate and reliable indicator of whole body lipid content in these fishes, except the energy meter for I. punctatus. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Mesa, M. G.; Rose, B. P.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM mmesa@usgs.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration FX C. Dixon, G. Hansen, H. Christiansen and L. Weiland (Columbia River Research Laboratory) provided technical assistance. This project was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration under the direction of J. Skidmore. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 755 EP 764 DI 10.1111/jfb.12600 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC6DV UT WOS:000350456000020 ER PT J AU Stewart, JP Douglas, J Javanbarg, M Bozorgnia, Y Abrahamson, NA Boore, DM Campbell, KW Delavaud, E Erdik, M Stafford, PJ AF Stewart, Jonathan P. Douglas, John Javanbarg, Mohammad Bozorgnia, Yousef Abrahamson, Norman A. Boore, David M. Campbell, Kenneth W. Delavaud, Elise Erdik, Mustafa Stafford, Peter J. TI Selection of Ground Motion Prediction Equations for the Global Earthquake Model SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC-HAZARD ANALYSIS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; NONLINEAR SITE AMPLIFICATION; SUBDUCTION-ZONE EARTHQUAKES; SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; HYBRID EMPIRICAL-METHOD; NGA MODELS; ATTENUATION RELATIONS; MEDITERRANEAN REGION AB Ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) relate ground motion intensity measures to variables describing earthquake source, path, and site effects. From many available GMPEs, we select those models recommended for use in seismic hazard assessments in the Global Earthquake Model. We present a GMPE selection procedure that evaluates multidimensional ground motion trends (e.g., with respect to magnitude, distance, and structural period), examines functional forms, and evaluates published quantitative tests of GMPE performance against independent data. Our recommendations include: four models, based principally on simulations, for stable continental regions; three empirical models for interface and in-slab subduction zone events; and three empirical models for active shallow crustal regions. To approximately incorporate epistemic uncertainties, the selection process accounts for alternate representations of key GMPE attiibutes, such as the rate of distance attenuation, which are defensible from available data. Recommended models for each domain will change over time as additional GMPEs are developed. C1 [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Douglas, John] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, Orleans, France. [Javanbarg, Mohammad] AIG, New York, NY USA. [Bozorgnia, Yousef] Univ Calif Berkeley, PEER Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Abrahamson, Norman A.] PG&E, San Francisco, CA USA. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] EQECAT Inc, Beaverton, OR USA. [Delavaud, Elise] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Erdik, Mustafa] KOERI, Istanbul, Turkey. [Stafford, Peter J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu RI Douglas, John/A-3098-2011 OI Douglas, John/0000-0003-3822-0060 FU GEM Foundation as part of PEER's Global GMPEs project FX This study was funded by the GEM Foundation as part of PEER's Global GMPEs project. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsors. Constructive feedback and comments received from many international experts involved in the GEM-PEER project and two anonymous reviewers are gratefully appreciated. We thank Carola Di Alessandro for her assistance with the collection and synthesis of data for this study and Emel Seyhan for her assistance with the preparation of the site amplification figures in this article. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 32 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 19 EP 45 DI 10.1193/013013EQS017M PG 27 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CB7KY UT WOS:000349807100002 ER PT J AU Welcker, J Speakman, JR Elliott, KH Hatch, SA Kitaysky, AS AF Welcker, Jorg Speakman, John R. Elliott, Kyle H. Hatch, Scott A. Kitaysky, Alexander S. TI Resting and daily energy expenditures during reproduction are adjusted in opposite directions in free-living birds SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BMR; body temperature; daily energy expenditure; doubly labelled water; endothermy; field metabolic rate; hypothermia; oxidative stress; resting metabolic rate; thyroid hormones ID BASAL METABOLIC-RATE; DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; KITTIWAKES RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; LIFE-HISTORY; LABORATORY MICE; THYROID-HORMONE; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; POPULATION PROCESSES; FOOD AVAILABILITY AB Reproduction is energetically expensive, and daily energy expenditure (DEE) often peaks during the period of rearing young. The potentiation' hypothesis predicts that high DEE needs to be sustained by a corresponding up-regulation of metabolic machinery; thus, a concomitant increase in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) is expected. Alternatively, the compensation' hypothesis predicts that DEE and RMR are regulated independently and animals may maintain low RMR to maximize the energy available for reproduction. This might particularly be the case if DEE was limited, for example, by extrinsic food supply or intrinsic physiological factors. We tested these hypotheses in free-living seabirds by manipulating their energy demands (experimentally reduced or increased brood size) and supplies (providing supplemental food), and simultaneously measuring their DEE and RMR (by the doubly labelled water method and an indirect hormonal proxy, respectively). In support of the compensation' hypothesis, metabolic rates were adjusted independently and in opposite directions with an increase in DEE and a decrease in the hormonal proxy for RMR in individuals rearing young compared to birds with removed broods. Energy expenditure of unfed birds with chicks appeared to be limited as experimental brood enlargement did not cause an increase in DEE. Supplemental feeding did not allow DEE to exceed this apparent limitation. We propose that a reduction in the resting metabolism is a strategy to increase allocation of energy to reproduction when DEE is constrained and that this constraint is unlikely to be related to food supply. C1 [Welcker, Jorg] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Welcker, Jorg; Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Speakman, John R.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Speakman, John R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, State Key Lab Mol Dev Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Elliott, Kyle H.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Welcker, J (reprint author), Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. EM jorg.welcker@gmail.com RI John, Speakman/A-9494-2008 OI John, Speakman/0000-0002-2457-1823 FU Research Council of Norway [197192/V40]; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks FX This study was funded by the Research Council of Norway (project 197192/V40). Additional support was provided by the Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks. We are grateful to Chris Barger for his help in the field, Catherine Hambly and Peter Thomson for technical assistance with the DLW analyses and Evgenia Kitaiskaia for performing the CORT assays. USGS volunteers Lena Agdere, Lucy Brooks-Marchant, Mike Johns and Sharon Van den Eertwegh provided fed kittiwakes their daily ration of capelin. The study was conducted with approval of the University of Alaska IACUC and required state and federal government permits. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 29 IS 2 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12321 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC0UF UT WOS:000350051900011 ER PT J AU Hoell, A Funk, C Barlow, M AF Hoell, Andrew Funk, Chris Barlow, Mathew TI The Forcing of Southwestern Asia Teleconnections by Low-Frequency Sea Surface Temperature Variability during Boreal Winter SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN PRECIPITATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; CLIMATE MODELS; LA-NINA; PART I; DROUGHT; ENSO; REGION; TRENDS AB Southwestern Asia, defined here as the domain bounded by 20 degrees-40 degrees N and 40 degrees-70 degrees E, which includes the nations of Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, is a water-stressed and semiarid region that receives roughly 75% of its annual rainfall during November-April. The November-April climate of southwestern Asia is strongly influenced by tropical Indo-Pacific variability on intraseasonal and interannual time scales, much of which can be attributed to sea surface temperature (SST) variations. The influences of lower-frequency SST variability on southwestern Asia climate during November-April Pacific decadal SST (PDSST) variability and the long-term trend in SST (LTSST) is examined. The U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CLIVAR) Drought Working Group forced global atmospheric climate models with PDSST and LTSST patterns, identified using empirical orthogonal functions, to show the steady atmospheric response to these modes of decadal to multidecadal SST variability. During November-April, LTSST forces an anticyclone over southwestern Asia, which results in reduced precipitation and increases in surface temperature. The precipitation and tropospheric circulation influences of LTSST are corroborated by independent observed precipitation and circulation datasets during 1901-2004. The decadal variations of southwestern Asia precipitation may be forced by PDSST variability, with two of the three models indicating that the cold phase of PDSST forces an anticyclone and precipitation reductions. However, there are intermodel circulation variations to PDSST that influence subregional precipitation patterns over the Middle East, southwestern Asia, and subtropical Asia. Changes in wintertime temperature and precipitation over southwestern Asia forced by LTSST and PDSST imply important changes to the land surface hydrology during the spring and summer. C1 [Hoell, Andrew; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Barlow, Mathew] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA USA. RP Hoell, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, 4717 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hoell@geog.ucsb.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office; U.S. Agency for International Development FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments. We thank the U.S. CLIVAR Drought Working Group for making their model output available at http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/clivar_drought_wg/. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. This research builds upon a multiyear research project carried out under a U.S. Agency for International Development-funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1511 EP 1526 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00344.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB5LX UT WOS:000349670000010 ER PT J AU Roubinet, D Irving, J Day-Lewis, FD AF Roubinet, Delphine Irving, James Day-Lewis, Frederick D. TI Development of a new semi-analytical model for cross-borehole flow experiments in fractured media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Fractures and faults; Groundwater; Cross-borehole flow experiment; Semi-analytical model ID TOMOGRAPHY EXPERIMENTS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ABANDONED WELLS; TESTS; CONNECTIONS; LEAKAGE AB Analysis of borehole flow logs is a valuable technique for identifying the presence of fractures in the subsurface and estimating properties such as fracture connectivity, transmissivity and storativity. However, such estimation requires the development of analytical and/ or numerical modeling tools that are well adapted to the complexity of the problem. In this paper, we present a new semi-analytical formulation for cross-borehole flow in fractured media that links transient vertical-flow velocities measured in one or a series of observation wells during hydraulic forcing to the transmissivity and storativity of the fractures intersected by these wells. In comparison with existing models, our approach presents major improvements in terms of computational expense and potential adaptation to a variety of fracture and experimental configurations. After derivation of the formulation, we demonstrate its application in the context of sensitivity analysis for a relatively simple two-fracture synthetic problem, as well as for field-data analysis to investigate fracture connectivity and estimate fracture hydraulic properties. These applications provide important insights regarding (i) the strong sensitivity of fracture property estimates to the overall connectivity of the system; and (ii) the non-uniqueness of the corresponding inverse problem for realistic fracture configurations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roubinet, Delphine; Irving, James] Univ Lausanne, Inst Earth Sci, Appl & Environm Geophys Grp, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Roubinet, D (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Inst Earth Sci, Appl & Environm Geophys Grp, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM delphine.roubinet@unil.ch RI Roubinet, Delphine/O-5303-2016; OI Roubinet, Delphine/0000-0002-1757-9173; Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Frederick L. Paillet and John H. Williams for helpful discussions and for providing the field data considered in this study, along with five anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 76 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.12.002 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CB5NE UT WOS:000349673500008 ER PT J AU Zhu, XY Song, CC Swarzenski, CM Guo, YD Zhang, XH Wang, JY AF Zhu, Xiaoyan Song, Changchun Swarzenski, Christopher Martin Guo, Yuedong Zhang, Xinhou Wang, Jiaoyue TI Ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 in a temperate herbaceous peatland in the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem respiration; Environmental factors; Peatland; Soil respiration; Sanjiang Plain ID FRESH-WATER MARSHES; CARBON-CYCLE; SOIL RESPIRATION; MOISTURE CONDITIONS; METHANE EMISSIONS; ROOT RESPIRATION; BOREAL PEATLAND; FLUXES; CH4; WETLAND AB Northern peatlands contain a considerable share of the terrestrial carbon pool, which will be affected by future climatic variability. Using the static chamber technique, we investigated ecosystem respiration and soil respiration over two growing seasons (2012 and 2013) in a Carex lasiocarpa-dominated peatland in the Sanjiang Plain in China. We synchronously monitored the environmental factors controlling CO2 fluxes. Ecosystem respiration during these two growing seasons ranged from 33.3 to 506.7mg CO2-Cm (2) h (1). Through step-wise regression, variations in soil temperature at 10 cm depth alone explained 73.7% of the observed variance in log(10)(ER). The mean Q(10) values ranged from 2.1 to 2.9 depending on the choice of depth where soil temperature was measured. The Q(10) value at the 10cm depth (2.9) appears to be a good representation for herbaceous peatland in the Sanjiang Plain when applying field-estimation based Q(10) values to current terrestrial ecosystem models due to the most optimized regression coefficient (63.2%). Soil respiration amounted to 57% of ecosystem respiration and played a major role in peatland carbon balance in our study. Emphasis on ecosystem respiration from temperate peatlands in the Sanjiang Plain will improve our basic understanding of carbon exchange between peatland ecosystem and the atmosphere. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Xiaoyan; Song, Changchun; Guo, Yuedong; Zhang, Xinhou; Wang, Jiaoyue] Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130102, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Xiaoyan; Zhang, Xinhou; Wang, Jiaoyue] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Swarzenski, Christopher Martin] USGS, Louisiana Water Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. RP Song, CC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, 4888 Shengbei Rd, Changchun 130102, Jilin, Peoples R China. EM songcc@neigae.ac.cn FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05020502, XDA05050508]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125001] FX This research was financially supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05020502, XDA05050508) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41125001). We thank the staff of the Sanjiang Experimental Station of Wetland Ecology for facilitating this study, Dr. Krauss K.W. providing language help, Yanyu Song for the laboratory analyses, and the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and time. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 75 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.11.035 PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA CB4LC UT WOS:000349598200003 ER PT J AU Mahan, CG Young, JA Miller, BJ Saunders, MC AF Mahan, Carolyn G. Young, John A. Miller, Bruce J. Saunders, Michael C. TI Using Ecological Indicators and a Decision Support System for Integrated Ecological Assessment at Two National Park Units in the Mid-Atlantic Region, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Decision support system; Ecological assessment; Landscape condition; National park; Water quality; Biological indicators; Ecological thresholds; Natural resource management ID WATER-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE PATTERN METRICS; LAND-COVER; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; QUALITY INDEX; FUZZY-LOGIC; STREAMS; RIVER AB We implemented an integrated ecological assessment using a GIS-based decision support system model for Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River (UPDE) and Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA)-national park units with the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Our assessment examined a variety of aquatic and terrestrial indicators of ecosystem components that reflect the parks' conservation purpose and reference condition. Our assessment compared these indicators to ecological thresholds to determine the condition of park watersheds. Selected indicators included chemical and physical measures of water quality, biologic indicators of water quality, and landscape condition measures. For the chemical and physical measures of water quality, we used a water quality index and each of its nine components to assess the condition of water quality in each watershed. For biologic measures of water quality, we used the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera aquatic macroinvertebrate index and, secondarily, the Hilsenhoff aquatic macroinvertebrate index. Finally, for the landscape condition measures of our model, we used percent forest and percent impervious surface. Based on our overall assessment, UPDE and DEWA watersheds had an ecological assessment score of 0.433 on a -1 to 1 fuzzy logic scale. This score indicates that, in general, the natural resource condition within watersheds at these parks is healthy or ecologically unimpaired; however, we had only partial data for many of our indicators. Our model is iterative and new data may be incorporated as they become available. These natural parks are located within a rapidly urbanizing landscape-we recommend that natural resource managers remain vigilant to surrounding land uses that may adversely affect natural resources within the parks. C1 [Mahan, Carolyn G.] Penn State Univ, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. [Young, John A.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Saunders, Michael C.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Mahan, CG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 209 Hawthorn Bldg, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. EM cgm2@psu.edu FU U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service (NPS) FX This project was funded by a Research Grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service (NPS). We wish to thank the NPS staff who assisted in many aspects of this effort. J. Karish and J. Albright provided funding and contract management. The staff at UPDE and DEWA, including P. Lynch, D. Hamilton, J. Shreiner, L. Morlock, A. Ambler, R. Evans, and K. Commisso, provided oversight, review, comment, and support throughout the project. M. Marshall and A. Ellsworth also provided valuable assistance throughout the project. For assistance with NPSpecies datasets, we thank J. Keefer. We thank P. Sharpe of the NPS Natural Resources and Science Division for providing comments on the final version of the report and project. M. Slep and S. Tanner (Penn State) assisted with manuscript formatting. Several professionals, including the UPDE and DEWA park staff, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 55 IS 2 BP 508 EP 522 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0391-y PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB3UI UT WOS:000349554100020 PM 25371192 ER PT J AU Addington, RN Greene, TA Harrison, WC Sorrell, GG Elmore, ML Hermann, SM AF Addington, Robert N. Greene, Thomas A. Harrison, Wade C. Sorrell, Geoffrey G. Elmore, Michele L. Hermann, Sharon M. TI Restoring Longleaf Pine: Effects of Seasonal Prescribed Fire and Overstory Density on Vegetation Structure of a Young Longleaf Pine Plantation SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecological restoration; woody midstory; herbaceous understory; litter; fall line ID RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; PALUSTRIS ECOSYSTEMS; GROWING-SEASON; FLORIDA; RESPONSES; SAVANNAS; HISTORY; FORESTS; PRODUCTIVITY AB Young longleaf pine (Pinus pulustris Mill.) plantations provide an important starting point for restoration of longleaf pine ecosystems in the southeastern United States, with management goals often emphasizing restoration of vegetation composition and structure, as well as reestablishment of important ecological processes such as fire. We evaluated the influence of seasonal prescribed fire and overstory density on vegetation structure across overstory, midstory, and understory vegetation strata of a 23-year-old longleaf pine plantation in west-central Georgia. After three prescribed fire cycles through 8 years, we found significantly fewer broad-leaved woody stems in the midstory on both winter- and summer-burned plots compared to unburned plots, as well as fourfold greater herbaceous vegetation cover on burned plots compared to unburned plots. While we predicted that summer burning may be more important in controlling woody plants on low-density overstory plots compared to high-density plots, we found no meaningful interactions between fire seasonality and overstory density. Reductions in litter cover via prescribed fire appeared to be an important mechanism regulating herbaceous vegetation, suggesting that restoration should emphasize management of the forest floor to reduce litter cover and enhance opportunities for herbaceous plant establishment. C1 [Addington, Robert N.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Greene, Thomas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Hermann, Sharon M.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Addington, RN (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM addingtonrob@gmail.com FU Rodney Johnson/Katherine Ordway Stewardship Endowment (RJKOSE); Fort Benning's Environmental Management Division FX We thank Lee Bailey, Erick Brown, Trevor Cutsinger, Kevin Elmore, Malcolm Hodges, Don Imm, Courtney James, George Matusick, Catherine Prior, Brant Slay, and Randy Tate for help with data collection and prescribed fire treatments. We thank Jim zumBrunnen for helpful advice regarding the statistical analyses. The manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor. Funding for the project was provided by a Rodney Johnson/Katherine Ordway Stewardship Endowment (RJKOSE) grant to The Nature Conservancy. We also thank Fort Benning's Environmental Management Division for supporting longleaf pine restoration activities and research both on and off the military installation. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 106 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 61 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.5849/forsci.13-618 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CB4HZ UT WOS:000349590100015 ER PT J AU Boyte, SP Wylie, BK Major, DJ Brown, JF AF Boyte, Stephen P. Wylie, Bruce K. Major, Donald J. Brown, Jesslyn F. TI The integration of geophysical and enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data into a rule-based, piecewise regression-tree model to estimate cheatgrass beginning of spring growth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; invasive species; ecological model; Great Basin; phenology ID BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BASIN; TIME-SERIES; SAGEBRUSH ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHENOLOGY; COVER; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB Cheatgrass exhibits spatial and temporal phenological variability across the Great Basin as described by ecological models formed using remote sensing and other spatial data-sets. We developed a rule-based, piecewise regression-tree model trained on 99 points that used three data-sets - latitude, elevation, and start of season time based on remote sensing input data - to estimate cheatgrass beginning of spring growth (BOSG) in the northern Great Basin. The model was then applied to map the location and timing of cheatgrass spring growth for the entire area. The model was strong (R-2 = 0.85) and predicted an average cheatgrass BOSG across the study area of 29 March-4 April. Of early cheatgrass BOSG areas, 65% occurred at elevations below 1452 m. The highest proportion of cheatgrass BOSG occurred between mid-April and late May. Predicted cheatgrass BOSG in this study matched well with previous Great Basin cheatgrass green-up studies. C1 [Boyte, Stephen P.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Boyte, Stephen P.; Wylie, Bruce K.; Brown, Jesslyn F.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Major, Donald J.] US Bur Land Management, Great Basin Restorat Initiat, Boise, ID USA. RP Boyte, SP (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sboyte@usgs.gov OI Boyte, Stephen/0000-0002-5462-3225; Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU US Geological Survey Northwest Climate Science Center, US Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing project; US Bureau of Land Management FX The authors thank Michelle Bouchard, Thomas Adamson, Thomas Maiersperger, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript. Funding for the research and manuscript development came from the US Geological Survey Northwest Climate Science Center, US Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing project, and the US Bureau of Land Management. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 EI 1753-8955 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 118 EP 132 DI 10.1080/17538947.2013.860196 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA AZ9CA UT WOS:000348507600003 ER PT J AU Collett, T Bahk, JJ Baker, R Boswell, R Divins, D Frye, M Goldberg, D Husebo, J Koh, C Malone, M Morell, M Myers, G Shipp, C Torres, M AF Collett, Tim Bahk, Jang-Jun Baker, Rick Boswell, Ray Divins, David Frye, Matt Goldberg, Dave Husebo, Jarle Koh, Carolyn Malone, Mitch Morell, Margo Myers, Greg Shipp, Craig Torres, Marta TI Methane Hydrates in Nature-Current Knowledge and Challenges SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH8) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID STRATIGRAPHIC TEST WELL; ALASKA NORTH SLOPE; STOREGGA SLIDE; GAS; SEDIMENT; DISSOCIATION; AREA AB Recognizing the importance of methane hydrate research and the need for a coordinated effort, the United States Congress enacted the Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000. At the same time, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in Japan launched a research program to develop plans for a methane hydrate exploratory drilling project in the Nankai Trough. India, China, the Republic of Korea, and other nations also have established large methane hydrate research and development programs. Government-funded scientific research drilling expeditions and production test studies have provided a wealth of information on the occurrence of methane hydrates in nature. Numerous studies have shown that the amount of gas stored as methane hydrates in the world may exceed the volume of known organic carbon sources. However, methane hydrates represent both a scientific and technical challenge, and much remains to be learned about their characteristics and occurrence in nature. Methane hydrate research in recent years has mostly focused on: (1) documenting the geologic parameters that control the occurrence and stability of methane hydrates in nature, (2) assessing the volume of natural gas stored within various methane hydrate accumulations, (3) analyzing the production response and characteristics of methane hydrates, (4) identifying and predicting natural and induced environmental and climate impacts of natural methane hydrates, (5) analyzing the methane hydrate role as a geohazard, (6) establishing the means to detect and characterize methane hydrate accumulations using geologic and geophysical data, and (7) establishing the thermodynamic phase equilibrium properties of methane hydrates as a function of temperature, pressure, and gas composition. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Consortium for Ocean Leadership (COL) combined their efforts in 2012 to assess the contributions that scientific drilling has made and could continue to make to advance our understanding of methane hydrates in nature. COL assembled a Methane Hydrate Project Science Team with members from academia, industry, and government. This Science Team worked with COL and DOE to develop and host the Methane Hydrate Community Workshop, which surveyed a substantial cross section of the methane hydrate research community for input on the most important research developments in our understanding of methane hydrates in nature and their potential role as an energy resource, a geohazard, and/or as an agent of global climate change. Our understanding of how methane hydrates occur in nature is still growing and evolving, and it is known with certainty that field, laboratory, and modeling studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of hydrates in nature and will continue to be a critical source of the information needed to advance our understanding of methane hydrates. C1 [Collett, Tim] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Bahk, Jang-Jun] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Baker, Rick; Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Divins, David; Morell, Margo; Myers, Greg] Consortium Ocean Leadership, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Frye, Matt] US Bur Ocean Energy Management, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [Goldberg, Dave] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Husebo, Jarle] Statoil ASA, N-4035 Stavanger, Norway. [Koh, Carolyn] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Malone, Mitch] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Shipp, Craig] Shell Int Explorat & Prod Inc, Houston, TX 77079 USA. [Torres, Marta] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Collett, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West 6th Ave & Kipling St, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tcollett@usgs.gov OI Boswell, Ray/0000-0002-3824-2967 NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD FEB PY 2015 VL 60 IS 2 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1021/je500604h PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CB4BX UT WOS:000349574300018 ER PT J AU Ruppel, C AF Ruppel, C. TI Permafrost-Associated Gas Hydrate: Is It Really Approximately 1 % of the Global System? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH8) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID ALASKA NORTH SLOPE; ARCTIC CANADA; PROSPECT; SHELF AB Permafrost-associated gas hydrates are often assumed to contain similar to 1 % of the global gas-in-place in gas hydrates based on a study(26) published over three decades ago. As knowledge of permafrost-associated gas hydrates has grown, it has become clear that many permafrost-associated gas hydrates are inextricably linked to an associated conventional petroleum system, and that their formation history (trapping of migrated gas in situ during Pleistocene cooling) is consistent with having been sourced at least partially in nearby thermogenic gas deposits. Using modern data sets that constrain the distribution of continuous permafrost onshore(5) and subsea permafrost on circum-Arctic Ocean continental shelves offshore and that estimate undiscovered conventional gas within arctic assessment units,16 the analysis done here reveals where permafrost-associated gas hydrates are most likely to occur, concluding that Arctic Alaska and the West Siberian Basin are the best prospects. A conservative estimate is that 20 Gt C (2.7 10(13) kg CH4) may be sequestered in permafrost-associated gas hydrates if methane were the only hydrate-former. This value is slightly more than 1 % of modern estimates (corresponding to 1600 Gt C to 1800 Gt C-2,C-22) for global gas-in-place in methane hydrates and about double the absolute estimate (11.2 Gt C) made in 1981.(26) C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ruppel, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cruppel@usgs.gov OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-FE0002911]; U.S. Geological Survey [DE-FE0002911] FX This work was supported by interagency agreement DE-FE0002911 between the U.S. Dept. of Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD FEB PY 2015 VL 60 IS 2 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1021/je500770m PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA CB4BX UT WOS:000349574300034 ER PT J AU Sutherland, C Fuller, AK Royle, JA AF Sutherland, Chris Fuller, Angela K. Royle, J. Andrew TI Modelling non-Euclidean movement and landscape connectivity in highly structured ecological networks SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE abundance; animal movement; dendritic ecological network; density; ecological distance; functional connectivity; habitat network; stream distance; structural connectivity ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; STREAM NETWORKS; EXTINCTION RISK; CORRIDORS; DENSITY AB Movement is influenced by landscape structure, configuration and geometry, but measuring distance as perceived by animals poses technical and logistical challenges. Instead, movement is typically measured using Euclidean distance, irrespective of location or landscape structure, or is based on arbitrary cost surfaces. A recently proposed extension of spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models resolves this issue using spatial encounter histories of individuals to calculate least-cost paths (ecological distance: Ecology, 94, 2013, 287) thereby relaxing the Euclidean assumption. We evaluate the consequences of not accounting for movement heterogeneity when estimating abundance in highly structured landscapes, and demonstrate the value of this approach for estimating biologically realistic space-use patterns and landscape connectivity. We simulated SCR data in a riparian habitat network, using the ecological distance model under a range of scenarios where space-use in and around the landscape was increasingly associated with water (i.e. increasingly less Euclidean). To assess the influence of miscalculating distance on estimates of population size, we compared the results from the ecological and Euclidean distance based models. We then demonstrate that the ecological distance model can be used to estimate home range geometry when space use is not symmetrical. Finally, we provide a method for calculating landscape connectivity based on modelled species-landscape interactions generated from capture-recapture data. Using ecological distance always produced unbiased estimates of abundance. Explicitly modelling the strength of the species-landscape interaction provided a direct measure of landscape connectivity and better characterised true home range geometry. Abundance under the Euclidean distance model was increasingly (negatively) biased as space use was more strongly associated with water and, because home ranges are assumed to be symmetrical, produced poor characterisations of home range geometry and no information about landscape connectivity. The ecological distance SCR model uses spatially indexed capture-recapture data to estimate how activity patterns are influenced by landscape structure. As well as reducing bias in estimates of abundance, this approach provides biologically realistic representations of home range geometry, and direct information about species-landscape interactions. The incorporation of both structural (landscape) and functional (movement) components of connectivity provides a direct measure of species-specific landscape connectivity. C1 [Sutherland, Chris] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Sutherland, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Bruckner Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM chrissuthy@gmail.com OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife; Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees FX We thank Jay Ver Hoef, Cat Sun and at least two anonymous referees for very helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife and the Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees. The conclusions and opinions presented here are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of any of the funding agencies, the Hudson River Trustees, or the United States of America. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 12 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12316 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB4WD UT WOS:000349628100006 ER PT J AU DeNinno, LH Cronin, TM Rodriguez-Lazaro, J Brenner, A AF DeNinno, L. H. Cronin, T. M. Rodriguez-Lazaro, J. Brenner, A. TI An early to mid-Pleistocene deep Arctic Ocean ostracode fauna with North Atlantic affinities SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Ostracoda CY JUL 23-26, 2013 CL Univ Roma Tre, Rome, ITALY HO Univ Roma Tre DE Arctic Ocean; Quaternary ostracodes; Mid-Pleistocene Transition; Mid-Brunhes Event ID SEA-ICE; QUATERNARY PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; LATE PLIOCENE; LAPTEV SEA; ASSEMBLAGES; RECONSTRUCTIONS; VARIABILITY; GREENLAND; TAXONOMY AB An early to middle Pleistocene ostracode fauna was discovered in sediment core P1-93-AR-23 (P23, 76.95 degrees N, 155.07 degrees W) from 951 meter water depth from the Northwind Ridge, western Arctic Ocean. Piston core P23 yielded more than 30,000 specimens and a total of about 30 species. Several early to mid-Pleistocene species in the genera Krithe, Echinogthereis, Pterygocythereis, and Arcacythere are now extinct in the Arctic and show taxonomic affinities to North Atlantic Ocean species. Our results suggest that there was a major ostracode faunal turnover during the global climate transitions known as the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT, similar to 12 to 0.7 Ma) and the Mid-Brunhes Event (MBE, similar to 400 ka) reflecting the development of perennial sea ice during interglacial periods and large ice shelves during glacial periods over the last 400,000 years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeNinno, L. H.; Cronin, T. M.; Brenner, A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleodimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rodriguez-Lazaro, J.] Univ Basque Country, Fac Ciencia & Tecnol, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, Bilbao 48080, Spain. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleodimate Sci Ctr, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov RI Rodriguez-Lazaro, Julio/F-8583-2016 OI Rodriguez-Lazaro, Julio/0000-0002-7437-6110 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use RD Program FX Our study benefited greatly from discussions with various ostracode experts including C. Alvarez Zarikian, S. Brandao, W. M. Briggs, Jr., E. Brouwers, E. Schornikov, A. Stepanova, and M. Yasuhara. We acknowledge the contributions to Arctic stratigraphy and assistance with core P23 from A. Grantz, L Phillips, L. Polyak, R. Z. Poore, and M. Torresan. Lab assistance was provided by E. Caverly and L Gemery; SEM assistance from H. Belkin. Funding was from the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use R&D Program. M. Yasuhara and J. Repetski kindly provided useful reviews of the paper. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 419 SI SI BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.07.026 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA CB4DD UT WOS:000349577500008 ER PT J AU Turner, W Rondinini, C Pettorelli, N Mora, B Leidner, AK Szantoi, Z Buchanan, G Dech, S Dwyer, J Herold, M Koh, LP Leimgruber, P Taubenboeck, H Wegmann, M Wikelski, M Woodcock, C AF Turner, W. Rondinini, C. Pettorelli, N. Mora, B. Leidner, A. K. Szantoi, Z. Buchanan, G. Dech, S. Dwyer, J. Herold, M. Koh, L. P. Leimgruber, P. Taubenboeck, H. Wegmann, M. Wikelski, M. Woodcock, C. TI Free and open-access satellite data are key to biodiversity conservation SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Satellite; Remote sensing; Biodiversity; Conservation; Monitoring; Landsat ID LANDSAT IMAGERY; COVER CHANGE; SCIENCE; OPPORTUNITIES; CHALLENGES; SUPPORT; SYSTEM AB Satellite remote sensing is an important tool for monitoring the status of biodiversity and associated environmental parameters, including certain elements of habitats. However, satellite data are currently underused within the biodiversity research and conservation communities. Three factors have significant impact on the utility of remote sensing data for tracking and understanding biodiversity change. They are its continuity, affordability, and access. Data continuity relates to the maintenance of long-term satellite data products. Such products promote knowledge of how biodiversity has changed over time and why. Data affordability arises from the cost of the imagery. New data policies promoting free and open access to government satellite imagery are expanding the use of certain imagery but the number of free and open data sets remains too limited. Data access addresses the ability of conservation biologists and biodiversity researchers to discover, retrieve, manipulate, and extract value from satellite imagery as well as link it with other types of information. Tools are rapidly improving access. Still, more cross-community interactions are necessary to strengthen ties between the biodiversity and remote sensing communities. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Turner, W.; Leidner, A. K.] NASA Headquarters, Div Earth Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Rondinini, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Rome, Italy. [Pettorelli, N.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London, England. [Mora, B.; Herold, M.] GOFC GOLD Land Cover Off, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Leidner, A. K.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA. [Szantoi, Z.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Land Resources Management Unit, Ispra, Italy. [Buchanan, G.] Royal Soc Protect Birds, Ctr Conservat Sci, Sandy, Beds, England. [Dech, S.; Taubenboeck, H.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, German Remote Sensing Data Ctr, Cologne, Germany. [Dwyer, J.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Koh, L. P.] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Leimgruber, P.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Wegmann, M.] Univ Wurzburg, German Aerosp Ctr DLR, CEOS Biodivers German Remote Sensing Data Ctr, Wurzburg, Germany. [Wegmann, M.] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Remote Sensing, Wurzburg, Germany. [Wikelski, M.] Univ Konstanz, Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Constance, Germany. [Wikelski, M.] Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, Constance, Germany. [Woodcock, C.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Turner, W (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Div Earth Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM woody.turner@nasa.gov RI Koh, Lian Pin/A-5794-2010; Trivedi, Kruti/E-7558-2015; Herold, Martin/F-8553-2012; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015; OI Koh, Lian Pin/0000-0001-8152-3871; Herold, Martin/0000-0003-0246-6886; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153; Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896; Szantoi, Zoltan/0000-0003-2580-4382 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 182 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.048 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB3AY UT WOS:000349501400022 ER PT J AU Lebuhn, G Droege, S Connor, EF Gemmill-Herren, B Potts, SG Minckley, RL Jean, RP Kula, E Roubik, DW Wright, KW Frankie, G Parker, F AF Lebuhn, Gretchen Droege, Sam Connor, Edward F. Gemmill-Herren, Barbara Potts, Simon G. Minckley, Robert L. Jean, Robert P. Kula, Emanuel Roubik, David W. Wright, Karen W. Frankie, Gordon Parker, Frank TI Evidence-based conservation: reply to Tepedino et al. SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lebuhn, Gretchen; Connor, Edward F.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Droege, Sam] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Gemmill-Herren, Barbara] Food & Agr Org United Nations, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Potts, Simon G.] Univ Reading, Sch Agr Policy & Dev, Ctr Agri Environm Res CAER, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England. [Minckley, Robert L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Jean, Robert P.] St Mary Of The Woods Coll, Dept Sci & Math, St Mary Of The Woods, IN 47876 USA. [Kula, Emanuel] Mendel Univ Brno, Fac Forestry & Wood Technol, Brno 134127, Czech Republic. [Roubik, David W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa Ancon, Panama. [Wright, Karen W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Sevilleta LTER, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Frankie, Gordon] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parker, Frank] Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Lebuhn, G (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM lebuhn@sfsu.edu FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 29 IS 1 BP 283 EP 285 DI 10.1111/cobi.12438 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA2AX UT WOS:000348712400031 PM 25545768 ER PT J AU Aunins, A Petty, J King, T Schilz, M Mazik, P AF Aunins, Aaron W. Petty, J. Todd King, Timothy L. Schilz, Mariya Mazik, Patricia M. TI River mainstem thermal regimes influence population structuring within an appalachian brook trout population SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Salvelinus; Microsatellite DNA; Population structure; Genetic clustering; Brook trout ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BULL TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY; FRAGMENTATION; SOFTWARE; PROGRAM; METAPOPULATIONS; CONSERVATION; INDIVIDUALS AB Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) often exist as highly differentiated populations, even at small spatial scales, due either to natural or anthropogenic sources of isolation and low rates of dispersal. In this study, we used molecular approaches to describe the unique population structure of brook trout inhabiting the Shavers Fork watershed, located in eastern West Virginia, and contrast it to nearby populations in tributaries of the upper Greenbrier River and North Fork South Branch Potomac Rivers. Bayesian and maximum likelihood clustering methods identified minimal population structuring among 14 collections of brook trout from throughout the mainstem and tributaries of Shavers Fork, highlighting the role of the cold-water mainstem for connectivity and high rates of effective migration among tributaries. In contrast, the Potomac and Greenbrier River collections displayed distinct levels of population differentiation among tributaries, presumably resulting from tributary isolation by warm-water mainstems. Our results highlight the importance of protecting and restoring cold-water mainstem habitats as part of region-wide brook trout conservation efforts. In addition, our results from Shavers Fork provide a contrast to previous genetic studies that characterize Appalachian brook trout as fragmented isolates rather than well-mixed populations. Additional study is needed to determine whether the existence of brook trout as genetically similar populations among tributaries is truly unique and whether connectivity among brook trout populations can potentially be restored within other central Appalachian watersheds. C1 [Aunins, Aaron W.] Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Petty, J. Todd; Schilz, Mariya] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Mazik, Patricia M.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, WV Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Petty, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jtpetty@mail.wvu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for financial support for this study. We also thank Pete Lamothe, Jesse Bopp, Jason Clingerman and Jason Freund for their help with sample collection. Comments from Amy Welsh and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. Eric Merriam designed and drafted Fig. 1. We also thank Mike Shingleton and Steve Brown from the WVDNR for sharing their expertise and ideas. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0636-6 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AZ6XF UT WOS:000348360700002 ER PT J AU Kelson, S Kapuscinski, A Timmins, D Ardren, W AF Kelson, Suzanne J. Kapuscinski, Anne R. Timmins, Dianne Ardren, William R. TI Fine-scale genetic structure of brook trout in a dendritic stream network SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Metapopulation; Isolated population; Salvelinus fontinalis; Hatchery; One-way gene flow; Landscape genetics ID CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION GENETICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; F-STATISTICS; RIVER; LANDSCAPE; HISTORY AB Conservation management of threatened species requires identifying the landscape features that shape population structure. Within river ecosystems, the dendritic nature of river networks and physical barriers, such as waterfalls, can strongly shape population structure. We examined population structure of native brook trout in a river network in northern New Hampshire, USA, including above and below waterfalls. We genotyped fish at 12 microsatellite loci including samples from six tributaries, mobile adults from three mainstem rivers, and fish from the hatchery broodstock that had been earlier stocked in the study region. We found that two subpopulations in tributaries above waterfalls were distinguished as unique genetic clusters with high levels of among population genetic diversity (average pairwise F-ST = 0.20) and low levels of within population genetic diversity (average allelic richness A(R) = 3.55), including one sub-population above a waterfall. With only one exception, subpopulations below waterfalls exhibited patterns of genetic diversity within and among populations consistent with contemporary gene flow among these subpopulations (average F-ST = 0.03; A(R) = 5.83). Most mobile adult fish caught in the mainstem rivers were genetically similar to those found in tributaries without waterfalls, suggesting that mobile individuals are likely connecting below-barrier subpopulations. Despite recent hatchery stocking in this system, we did not observe evidence of hatchery introgression with wild-caught fish. The complex metapopulation of naturally isolated and connected subpopulations of brook trout described in this study highlights the importance of considering fine scale genetic structure in conservation management. C1 [Kelson, Suzanne J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dartmouth Coll, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kapuscinski, Anne R.] Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Timmins, Dianne] New Hampshire Fish & Game, Lancaster, NH 03584 USA. [Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Kelson, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dartmouth Coll, 130 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM skelson@berkeley.edu; Anne.Kapuscinski@dartmouth.edu; Dianne.Timmins@wildlife.nh.gov; William_Ardren@fws.gov FU Kaminsky Family Fund Award; Trout Unlimited; Dartmouth Outing Club Northern Studies Internship; James O. Freedman Presidential Scholar Assistantship; Sherman Fairchild Professorship in Sustainability Science FX This project was made possible with funds from the Kaminsky Family Fund Award, Trout Unlimited, the Dartmouth Outing Club Northern Studies Internship, the James O. Freedman Presidential Scholar Assistantship, and the Sherman Fairchild Professorship in Sustainability Science of A.R. Kapuscinski. We thank R. Piampiano and K. Evans for supporting research at the Second College Grant, F.J. Kull for the use of his lab at Dartmouth College, NHFG staff for help with electrofishing, S. Julian with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for donating PCR primers, and D. Seiders and D. Boucher with Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife and J. Martell from Antioch College for sharing scale samples. We also thank M. Ayres, M. Bogan, S. Carlson, J. C. Garza, A. Sturrock, B. Taylor, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that improved this paper. The findings and conclusions in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0637-5 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AZ6XF UT WOS:000348360700003 ER PT J AU Richmond, J Jacobs, D Backlin, A Swift, C Dellith, C Fisher, R AF Richmond, Jonathan Q. Jacobs, David K. Backlin, Adam R. Swift, Camm C. Dellith, Chris Fisher, Robert N. TI Ephemeral stream reaches preserve the evolutionary and distributional history of threespine stickleback in the Santa Clara and Ventura River watersheds of southern California SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Threespine stickleback; Santa Clara River; Conservation genetics; Phylogeography; Natural selection ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; PELVIC REDUCTION; PACIFIC COAST AB Much remains to be understood about the evolutionary history and contemporary landscape genetics of unarmored threespine stickleback in southern California, where populations collectively referred to as Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni have severely declined over the past 70+ years and are now endangered. We used mitochondrial sequence and microsatellite data to assess the population genetics and phylogeography of unarmored populations sampled immediately downstream from the type locality of G. a. williamsoni in the upper Santa Clara River, and assessed their distinctiveness with respect to low-armor populations in the downstream sections of the river and the adjacent Ventura River. We also characterized the geographic limits of different plate morphs and evaluated the congruence of those boundaries with barriers to dispersal in both river systems and to neutral genetic variation. We show substantial population structuring within the upper reach of the Santa Clara River, but little partitioning between the lower Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers-we attribute these patterns to different ancestry between spatially subdivided populations within the same drainage, a predominance of downstream gene flow, and ability for coastal dispersal between the Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers. We also show that alleles from introduced low-plate stock have infiltrated a native population in at least one upper Santa Clara River tributary, causing this formerly unarmored population to become gradually low-plated over a 30 + year time period. Measures of genetic diversity, census surveys, and severe habitat disturbance all indicate that unarmored stickleback near the type locality are currently at high risk of extinction. C1 [Richmond, Jonathan Q.; Backlin, Adam R.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Jacobs, David K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Swift, Camm C.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Sect Fishes, Cumming, GA 30028 USA. [Dellith, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Richmond, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jrichmond@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Ventura, CA); U. S. Forest Service, Angeles National Forest, Arcadia CA FX We thank Tim Hovey (CA Dept. of Fish and Wildlife) for sharing personal knowledge on stickleback in southern California and for assisting us with field collections. We are also grateful for Steve Howards' (United Water District) sampling efforts in the Ventura River, for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript, and for general insight on California native fish. Other invaluable field contributors include the following: Jonathan Baskin (San Marino Environmental Associates), Tom Haglund (San Marino Environmental Associates), Elizabeth Gallegos (USGS), Sara Schuster (former USGS), Manna Warburton (former USGS), and Osborne Cox. Kelly Barr provided helpful comments on analyses and an early draft manuscript. Thanks to Hannu Makinen for contributing DNA sequence data and Katie Peichel for contributing DNA samples. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Ventura, CA) and by the U. S. Forest Service, Angeles National Forest, Arcadia CA. We thank Matt Carpenter of the Newhall Ranch Conservancy for permission to work on ranch property and for providing field assistance. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Federal Government. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 85 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0643-7 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AZ6XF UT WOS:000348360700007 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, S Tibbitts, T Gill, R Williams, I Talbot, S AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Tibbitts, T. Lee Gill, Robert E., Jr. Williams, Ian Talbot, Sandra L. TI Spatial genetic structure of bristle-thighed curlews (Numenius tahitiensis): breeding area differentiation not reflected on the non-breeding grounds SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bristle-thighed curlew; Migratory connectivity; Numenius; Oceania; Population genetic structure ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COALESCENT APPROACH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ALASKA; SELECTION; BIODIVERSITY; INDIVIDUALS; INFERENCE AB Migratory birds occupy geographically and ecologically disparate areas during their annual cycle with conditions on breeding and non-breeding grounds playing separate and important roles in population dynamics. We used data from nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA control region loci to assess the breeding and non-breeding spatial genetic structure of a transoceanic migrant shorebird, the bristle-thighed curlew. We found spatial variance in the distribution of allelic and haplotypic frequencies between the curlew's two breeding areas in Alaska but did not observe this spatial structure throughout its non-breeding range on low-lying tropical and subtropical islands in the Central Pacific (Oceania). This suggests that the two breeding populations do not spatially segregate during the non-breeding season. Lack of migratory connectivity is likely attributable to the species' behavior, as bristle-thighed curlews exhibit differential timing of migration and some individuals move among islands during non-breeding months. Given the detrimental impact of many past and current human activities on island ecosystems, admixture of breeding populations in Oceania may render the bristle-thighed curlew less vulnerable to perturbations there, as neither breeding population will be disproportionally affected by local habitat losses or by stochastic events. Furthermore, lack of migratory connectivity may enable bristle-thighed curlews to respond to changing island ecosystems by altering their non-breeding distribution. However, availability of suitable non-breeding habitat for curlews in Oceania is increasingly limited on both low-lying and high islands by habitat loss, sea level rise, and invasive mammalian predators that pose a threat to flightless and flight-compromised curlews during the molting period. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Tibbitts, T. Lee; Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Williams, Ian; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.] Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sonsthagen, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center and Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Technological support was provided the University of Alaska Life Science Informatics computer cluster (NIH P20RR016466). Richard Lanctot, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, helped design the study and Sue Thomas, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, procured initial funding. We thank the James Dean, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, for subsampling specimens. George Sage and Judy Gust, U.S. Geological Survey, provided laboratory assistance. David Douglas, U.S. Geological Survey, provided advice on the spatial analysis. Comments by Robert Wilson, University of Alaska Fairbanks, John Pearce, U.S. Geological Survey, and three anonymous reviewers, improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0654-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AZ6XF UT WOS:000348360700017 ER PT J AU Hooten, MB Hobbs, NT AF Hooten, M. B. Hobbs, N. T. TI A guide to Bayesian model selection for ecologists SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Akaike information criterion; Bayes factors; cross-validation; deviance information criterion; model averaging; multi-model inference; regularization; shrinkage ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; PREDICTIVE MODEL; INFORMATION CRITERION; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; VARIABLE SELECTION; REGRESSION; CHOICE; UNCERTAINTY; PROBABILITIES AB The steady upward trend in the use of model selection and Bayesian methods in ecological research has made it clear that both approaches to inference are important for modern analysis of models and data. However, in teaching Bayesian methods and in working with our research colleagues, we have noticed a general dissatisfaction with the available literature on Bayesian model selection and multimodel inference. Students and researchers new to Bayesian methods quickly find that the published advice on model selection is often preferential in its treatment of options for analysis, frequently advocating one particular method above others. The recent appearance of many articles and textbooks on Bayesian modeling has provided welcome background on relevant approaches to model selection in the Bayesian framework, but most of these are either very narrowly focused in scope or inaccessible to ecologists. Moreover, the methodological details of Bayesian model selection approaches are spread thinly throughout the literature, appearing in journals from many different fields. Our aim with this guide is to condense the large body of literature on Bayesian approaches to model selection and multimodel inference and present it specifically for quantitative ecologists as neutrally as possible. We also bring to light a few important and fundamental concepts relating directly to model selection that seem to have gone unnoticed in the ecological literature. Throughout, we provide only a minimal discussion of philosophy, preferring instead to examine the breadth of approaches as well as their practical advantages and disadvantages. This guide serves as a reference for ecologists using Bayesian methods, so that they can better understand their options and can make an informed choice that is best aligned with their goals for inference. C1 [Hooten, M. B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, M. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, M. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, M. B.; Hobbs, N. T.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hobbs, N. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hobbs, N. T.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hooten, MB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mevin.hooten@colostate.edu RI Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016; OI Ellison, Aaron/0000-0003-4151-6081 FU NSF [000347455, EF1241856] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers as well as several colleagues, including David Anderson, Brian Brost, Frances Buderman, Ken Burnham, Alison Cartwright, Bob Dorazio, Brian Gerber, Tabitha Graves, Ephraim Hanks, Megan Higgs, Jennifer Hoeting, Devin Johnson, Shannon Kay, Bill Link, Kiona Ogle, Ann Raiho, Jay Rotella, Andy Royle, Viviana Ruiz-Gutierrez, Maria Uriarte, Jay Ver Hoef, and Perry Williams for valuable insight and early discussions about this work. Support for this work was provided by NSF 000347455 and NSF EF1241856. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 23 U2 122 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 85 IS 1 BP 3 EP 28 DI 10.1890/14-0661.1 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB1LT UT WOS:000349389800002 ER PT J AU Walsh, DP Dreitz, VJ Heisey, DM AF Walsh, Daniel P. Dreitz, Victoria J. Heisey, Dennis M. TI Integrated survival analysis using an event-time approach in a Bayesian framework SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Charadrius montanus; continuous time; detection probability; event time; hazard rate; mountain plover; simulation; survival; unknown fate ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; INFERENCE; RADIOTELEMETRY; CONVERGENCE; ANIMALS AB Event-time or continuous-time statistical approaches have been applied throughout the biostatistical literature and have led to numerous scientific advances. However, these techniques have traditionally relied on knowing failure times. This has limited application of these analyses, particularly, within the ecological field where fates of marked animals may be unknown. To address these limitations, we developed an integrated approach within a Bayesian framework to estimate hazard rates in the face of unknown fates. We combine failure/survival times from individuals whose fates are known and times of which are interval-censored with information from those whose fates are unknown, and model the process of detecting animals with unknown fates. This provides the foundation for our integrated model and permits necessary parameter estimation. We provide the Bayesian model, its derivation, and use simulation techniques to investigate the properties and performance of our approach under several scenarios. Lastly, we apply our estimation technique using a piece-wise constant hazard function to investigate the effects of year, age, chick size and sex, sex of the tending adult, and nesting habitat on mortality hazard rates of the endangered mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) chicks. Traditional models were inappropriate for this analysis because fates of some individual chicks were unknown due to failed radio transmitters. Simulations revealed biases of posterior mean estimates were minimal ( 4.95%), and posterior distributions behaved as expected with RMSE of the estimates decreasing as sample sizes, detection probability, and survival increased. We determined mortality hazard rates for plover chicks were highest at <5days old and were lower for chicks with larger birth weights and/or whose nest was within agricultural habitats. Based on its performance, our approach greatly expands the range of problems for which event-time analyses can be used by eliminating the need for having completely known fate data. C1 [Walsh, Daniel P.; Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Dreitz, Victoria J.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Dreitz, Victoria J.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Avian Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Walsh, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dwalsh@usgs.gov OI Walsh, Daniel/0000-0002-7772-2445 FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife; Colorado Chapter of the Wildlife Society; Audubon Society of Greater Denver FX Financial support for the mountain plover data was provided by Colorado Parks and Wildlife, the Colorado Chapter of the Wildlife Society, and the Lois Webster Fund of the Audubon Society of Greater Denver. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 5 IS 3 BP 769 EP 780 DI 10.1002/ece3.1399 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CB1KK UT WOS:000349386000020 PM 25691997 ER PT J AU Carr, MH AF Carr, Michael H. TI ROVING ACROSS MARS: SEARCHING FOR EVIDENCE OF FORMER HABITABLE ENVIRONMENTS SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Carr, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-973 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM carr@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 EI 1811-5217 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD FEB PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA CB5ES UT WOS:000349650900004 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Haig, SM Mullins, TD Ruan, LZ Casler, B Dondua, A Gates, HR Johnson, JM Kendall, S Tomkovich, PS Tracy, D Valchuk, OP Lanctot, RB AF Miller, Mark P. Haig, Susan M. Mullins, Thomas D. Ruan, Luzhang Casler, Bruce Dondua, Alexei Gates, H. River Johnson, J. Matthew Kendall, Steve Tomkovich, Pavel S. Tracy, Diane Valchuk, Olga P. Lanctot, Richard B. TI Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Calidris alpina; Dunlin; genetic structure; highly pathogenic avian influenza; human disease; influenza A; migratory connectivity; migratory short-stopping ID CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; A H7N9 VIRUS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; MICROSATELLITE DNA; MIGRANT SHOREBIRD; PACIFIC COAST; NORTH-AMERICA; H5N1 AB Waterfowl (Anseriformes) and shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are the most common wild vectors of influenza A viruses. Due to their migratory behavior, some may transmit disease over long distances. Migratory connectivity studies can link breeding and nonbreeding grounds while illustrating potential interactions among populations that may spread diseases. We investigated Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a shorebird with a subspecies (C.a.arcticola) that migrates from nonbreeding areas endemic to avian influenza in eastern Asia to breeding grounds in northern Alaska. Using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA, we illustrate genetic structure among six subspecies: C.a.arcticola, C.a.pacifica, C.a.hudsonia, C.a.sakhalina, C.a.kistchinski, and C.a.actites. We demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA can help distinguish C.a.arcticola on the Asian nonbreeding grounds with >70% accuracy depending on their relative abundance, indicating that genetics can help determine whether C.a.arcticola occurs where they may be exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) during outbreaks. Our data reveal asymmetric intercontinental gene flow, with some C.a.arcticola short-stopping migration to breed with C.a.pacifica in western Alaska. Because C.a.pacifica migrates along the Pacific Coast of North America, interactions between these subspecies and other taxa provide route for transmission of HPAI into other parts of North America. C1 [Miller, Mark P.; Haig, Susan M.; Mullins, Thomas D.; Ruan, Luzhang; Johnson, J. Matthew] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ruan, Luzhang] Nanchang Univ, Sch Life Sci & Food Engn, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Casler, Bruce] Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cold Bay, AK USA. [Dondua, Alexei] Beringia Natl Pk, Providenia, Russia. [Gates, H. River; Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kendall, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Tomkovich, Pavel S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Zool Museum, Moscow 117234, Russia. [Valchuk, Olga P.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol & Soil Sci, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; USFWS's Avian Health and Disease Program; Region 7 Migratory Bird Management Division; Arctic Expedition of the Institute of Ecology and Evolution in Moscow; Amur-Ussuri Centre for Avian Biodiversity FX We are grateful to the many individuals that provided samples for this study, including S. Drovetski, D. Edwards, D. Hope, J. Liebezeit, T. Miller, Y. Red'kin, B. Schwartz, C. Gratto-Trevor, U. Somjee, and V. Sotnikov. Samples were collected under the USFWS IACUC and salvage permits 2009012, MB085371-0, and MB025076-0, and the State of Alaska scientific permit #09-071. Dunlin were collected in Russia under permit 87 # 01/2009, Division for Conservation and Use of Animals, Department of Agricultural Policy and Use of Nature Resources, Chukotskiy Autonomous Area. We thank the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture for providing tissue samples from their collections and H. Draheim for additional project assistance. P. Beerli and D. Dalthorp provided helpful discussion and guidance on some of the statistical approaches that were employed. S. Saalfeld graciously produced Fig. 1. J. Busch provided helpful comments on an earlier manuscript draft. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, USFWS's Avian Health and Disease Program and the Region 7 Migratory Bird Management Division, Arctic Expedition of the Institute of Ecology and Evolution in Moscow, and Amur-Ussuri Centre for Avian Biodiversity. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 104 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 149 EP 171 DI 10.1111/eva.12239 PG 23 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA CA7SL UT WOS:000349117300004 PM 25685191 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SL Rhodes, JR Runge, MC Possingham, HP Ng, CF McDonald-Madden, E AF Maxwell, Sean L. Rhodes, Jonathan R. Runge, Michael C. Possingham, Hugh P. Ng, Chooi Fei McDonald-Madden, Eve TI How much is new information worth? Evaluating the financial benefit of resolving management uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE action; budget; conservation; cost efficiency; decision; koala; Phascolarctos cinereus; Queensland; strategy; value-of-information analysis ID REGIONAL KOALA POPULATION; SOUTH-EAST QUEENSLAND; SAMPLE INFORMATION; EXPECTED VALUE; CONSERVATION; TIME; COST; DECISIONS; FUTURE; STOCK AB Conservation decision-makers face a trade-off between spending limited funds on direct management action, or gaining new information in an attempt to improve management performance in the future. Value-of-information analysis can help to resolve this trade-off by evaluating how much management performance could improve if new information was gained. Value-of-information analysis has been used extensively in other disciplines, but there are only a few examples where it has informed conservation planning, none of which have used it to evaluate the financial value of gaining new information. We address this gap by applying value-of-information analysis to the management of a declining koala Phascolarctos cinereus population. Decision-makers responsible for managing this population face uncertainty about survival and fecundity rates, and how habitat cover affects mortality threats. The value of gaining new information about these uncertainties was calculated using a deterministic matrix model of the koala population to find the expected population growth rate if koala mortality threats were optimally managed under alternative model hypotheses, which represented the uncertainties faced by koala managers. Gaining new information about survival and fecundity rates and the effect of habitat cover on mortality threats will do little to improve koala management. Across a range of management budgets, no more than 17% of the budget should be spent on resolving these uncertainties. The value of information was low because optimal management decisions were not sensitive to the uncertainties we considered. Decisions were instead driven by a substantial difference in the cost efficiency of management actions. The value of information was up to forty times higher when the cost efficiencies of different koala management actions were similar. Synthesis and applications. This study evaluates the ecological and financial benefits of gaining new information to inform a conservation problem. We also theoretically demonstrate that the value of reducing uncertainty is highest when it is not clear which management action is the most cost efficient. This study will help expand the use of value-of-information analyses in conservation by providing a cost efficiency metric by which to evaluate research or monitoring. This study evaluates the ecological and financial benefits of gaining new information to inform a conservation problem. We also theoretically demonstrate that the value of reducing uncertainty is highest when it is not clear which management action is the most cost efficient. This study will help expand the use of value-of-information analyses in conservation by providing a cost efficiency metric by which to evaluate research or monitoring. C1 [Maxwell, Sean L.; Rhodes, Jonathan R.; Possingham, Hugh P.; Ng, Chooi Fei; McDonald-Madden, Eve] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Maxwell, Sean L.; Rhodes, Jonathan R.; McDonald-Madden, Eve] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Rhodes, Jonathan R.; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, NERP Environm Decis Hub, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Possingham, Hugh P.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Possingham, Hugh P.; Ng, Chooi Fei] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Ng, Chooi Fei; McDonald-Madden, Eve] CSIRO, Ecosyst Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia. RP Maxwell, SL (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM smaxwell@uq.edu.au RI McDonald-Madden, Eve/A-5186-2012; Rhodes, Jonathan/C-4841-2008; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; OI McDonald-Madden, Eve/0000-0001-7755-2338; Rhodes, Jonathan/0000-0001-6746-7412; Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; National Environmental Research Program FX This research had funding support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions and the National Environmental Research Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We are grateful to David Pannell and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive feedback on this article. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12373 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA2LU UT WOS:000348740800003 ER PT J AU McNally, A Husak, GJ Brown, M Carroll, M Funk, C Yatheendradas, S Arsenault, K Peters-Lidard, C Verdin, JP AF McNally, Amy Husak, Gregory J. Brown, Molly Carroll, Mark Funk, Chris Yatheendradas, Soni Arsenault, Kristi Peters-Lidard, Christa Verdin, James P. TI Calculating Crop Water Requirement Satisfaction in the West Africa Sahel with Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE ESTIMATED RAINFALL; LAND-SURFACE MODELS; DROUGHT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION; ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM; MAIZE; RETRIEVALS; SIMULATION AB The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission will provide soil moisture data with unprecedented accuracy, resolution, and coverage, enabling models to better track agricultural drought and estimate yields. In turn, this information can be used to shape policy related to food and water from commodity markets to humanitarian relief efforts. New data alone, however, do not translate to improvements in drought and yield forecasts. New tools will be needed to transform SMAP data into agriculturally meaningful products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility and efficiency of replacing the rainfall-derived soil moisture component of a crop water stress index with SMAP data. The approach is demonstrated with 0.1 degrees-resolution, similar to 10-day microwave soil moisture from the European Space Agency and simulated soil moisture from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network Land Data Assimilation System. Over a West Africa domain, the approach is evaluated by comparing the different soil moisture estimates and their resulting Water Requirement Satisfaction Index values from 2000 to 2010. This study highlights how the ensemble of indices performs during wet versus dry years, over different land-cover types, and the correlation with national-level millet yields. The new approach is a feasible and useful way to quantitatively assess how satellite-derived rainfall and soil moisture track agricultural water deficits. Given the importance of soil moisture in many applications, ranging from agriculture to public health to fire, this study should inspire other modeling communities to reformulate existing tools to take advantage of SMAP data. C1 [McNally, Amy; Husak, Gregory J.; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McNally, Amy; Husak, Gregory J.; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McNally, Amy; Yatheendradas, Soni] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [McNally, Amy; Yatheendradas, Soni; Arsenault, Kristi; Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Carroll, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brown, Molly] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Arsenault, Kristi] SAIC Inc, Beltsville, MD USA. [Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP McNally, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Ctr 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM amy.l.mcnally@nasa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314 FU USGS [G09AC000001]; NASA [NN10AN26I]; Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI [DMR-1121053]; NSF [CNS-0960316]; Center for Scientific Computing at MRL [DMR-1121053] FX This work was supported USGS Cooperative Agreement G09AC000001 "Monitoring and Forecasting Climate, Water and Land Use for Food Production in the Developing World," with funding from the NASA Applied Sciences Program, Award NN10AN26I for "A Land Data Assimilation System for Famine Early Warning." We acknowledge support from the Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI and MRL for NSF MRSEC (DMR-1121053) and NSF CNS-0960316. The authors thank Laura Harrison for assistance with WRSI inputs; Pete Peterson for rainfall analysis; and Shraddhanand Shukla, Libby White, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0049.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB1DR UT WOS:000349367500020 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH Kauffman, LJ Widdowson, MA AF Chapelle, Francis H. Kauffman, Leon J. Widdowson, Mark A. TI MODELING LONG-TERM TRENDS OF CHLORINATED ETHENE CONTAMINATION AT A PUBLIC SUPPLY WELL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE microbiological processes; biogeochemistry; environmental impacts; groundwater hydrology; aquifer characteristics ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER AB A mass-balance solute-transport modeling approach was used to investigate the effects of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) volume, composition, and generation of daughter products on simulated and measured long-term trends of chlorinated ethene (CE) concentrations at a public supply well. The model was built by telescoping a calibrated regional three-dimensional MODFLOW model to the capture zone of a public supply well that has a history of CE contamination. The local model was then used to simulate the interactions between naturally occurring organic carbon that acts as an electron donor, and dissolved oxygen (DO), CEs, ferric iron, and sulfate that act as electron acceptors using the Sequential Electron Acceptor Model in three dimensions (SEAM3D) code. The modeling results indicate that asymmetry between rapidly rising and more gradual falling concentration trends over time suggests a DNAPL rather than a dissolved source of CEs. Peak concentrations of CEs are proportional to the volume and composition of the DNAPL source. The persistence of contamination, which can vary from a few years to centuries, is proportional to DNAPL volume, but is unaffected by DNAPL composition. These results show that monitoring CE concentrations in raw water produced by impacted public supply wells over time can provide useful information concerning the nature of contaminant sources and the likely future persistence of contamination. C1 [Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, South Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Kauffman, Leon J.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Widdowson, Mark A.] Virginia Tech Univ, Charles E Via Jr Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, South Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM chapelle@usgs.gov FU National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA); Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1111/jawr.12230 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CA8FF UT WOS:000349151900001 ER PT J AU Christensen, VG Maki, RP AF Christensen, Victoria G. Maki, Ryan P. TI TROPHIC STATE IN VOYAGEURS NATIONAL PARK LAKES BEFORE AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF A REVISED WATER-LEVEL MANAGEMENT PLAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; chlorophyll; phosphorus; trophic state index; Voyageurs National Park; water-level fluctuations ID NORTHERN MINNESOTA; FLORIDA LAKES; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; VARIABLES; RESERVOIR; KINNERET; CHINA AB We compiled Secchi depth, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a (Chla) data from Voyageurs National Park lakes and compared datasets before and after a new water-level management plan was implemented in January 2000. Average Secchi depth transparency improved (from 1.9 to 2.1m, p=0.020) between 1977-1999 and 2000-2011 in Kabetogama Lake for August samples only and remained unchanged in Rainy, Namakan, and Sand Point Lakes, and Black Bay in Rainy Lake. Average open-water season Chla concentration decreased in Black Bay (from an average of 13 to 6.0g/l, p=0.001) and Kabetogama Lake (from 9.9 to 6.2g/l, p=0.006) between 1977-1999 and 2000-2011. Trophic state index decreased significantly in Black Bay from 59 to 51 (p=0.006) and in Kabetogama Lake from 57 to 50 (p=0.006) between 1977-1999 and 2000-2011. Trophic state indices based on Chla indicated that after 2000, Sand Point, Namakan, and Rainy Lakes remained oligotrophic, whereas eutrophication has decreased in Kabetogama Lake and Black Bay. Although nutrient inputs from inflows and internal sources are still sufficient to produce annual cyanobacterial blooms and may inhibit designated water uses, trophic state has decreased for Kabetogama Lake and Black Bay and there has been no decline in lake ecosystem health since the implementation of the revised water-level management plan. C1 [Christensen, Victoria G.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Maki, Ryan P.] Natl Pk Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Christensen, VG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. EM vglenn@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1111/jawr.12234 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CA8FF UT WOS:000349151900007 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE AF Juracek, Kyle E. TI THE AGING OF AMERICA'S RESERVOIRS: IN-RESERVOIR AND DOWNSTREAM PHYSICAL CHANGES AND HABITAT IMPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE reservoir aging; dam; sedimentation; classification; flow regime; sediment transport; substrate; channel morphology; habitat; fluvial processes; environmental impacts ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; MISSOURI RIVER; DAM REMOVAL; TRAP EFFICIENCY; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; SEASONAL PATTERNS; PLANT DISPERSAL; COLORADO RIVER; UNITED-STATES AB Reservoirs are important for various purposes including flood control, water supply, power generation, and recreation. The aging of America's reservoirs and progressive loss of water storage capacity resulting from ongoing sedimentation, coupled with increasing societal needs, will cause the social, economic, environmental, and political importance of reservoirs to continually increase. The short- and medium-term (<50years) environmental consequences of reservoir construction and operation are well known and include an altered flow regime, lost connectivity (longitudinal, floodplain), an altered sediment regime, substrate compositional change, and downstream channel degradation. In general, reservoir-related changes have had adverse consequences for the natural ecosystem. Longer term (>50years) environmental changes as reservoirs enter old age are less understood. Additional research is needed to help guide the future management of aging reservoir systems and support the difficult decisions that will have to be made. Important research directions include assessment of climate change effects on aging and determination of ecosystem response to ongoing aging and various management actions that may be taken with the intent of minimizing or reversing the physical effects of aging. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM kjuracek@usgs.gov NR 139 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 168 EP 184 DI 10.1111/jawr.12238 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CA8FF UT WOS:000349151900012 ER PT J AU McLellan, E Robertson, D Schilling, K Tomer, M Kostel, J Smith, D King, K AF McLellan, Eileen Robertson, Dale Schilling, Keith Tomer, Mark Kostel, Jill Smith, Doug King, Kevin TI REDUCING NITROGEN EXPORT FROM THE CORN BELT TO THE GULF OF MEXICO: AGRICULTURAL STRATEGIES FOR REMEDIATING HYPOXIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE watershed management; nutrients; best management practices (BMPs); non-point source pollution; eutrophication; rivers; streams; wetlands ID MISSISSIPPI/ATCHAFALAYA RIVER-BASIN; WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; RIPARIAN FOREST; NITRATE LOSS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; TILE DRAINAGE; CONSERVATION PRACTICES; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; NUTRIENT TRANSPORT AB SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed models developed for the Upper Midwest were used to help evaluate the nitrogen-load reductions likely to be achieved by a variety of agricultural conservation practices in the Upper Mississippi-Ohio River Basin (UMORB) and to compare these reductions to the 45% nitrogen-load reduction proposed to remediate hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Our results indicate that nitrogen-management practices (improved fertilizer management and cover crops) fall short of achieving this goal, even if adopted on all cropland in the region. The goal of a 45% decrease in loads to the GoM can only be achieved through the coupling of nitrogen-management practices with innovative nitrogen-removal practices such as tile-drainage treatment wetlands, drainage-ditch enhancements, stream-channel restoration, and floodplain reconnection. Combining nitrogen-management practices with nitrogen-removal practices can dramatically reduce nutrient export from agricultural landscapes while minimizing impacts to agricultural production. With this approach, it may be possible to meet the 45% nutrient reduction goal while converting less than 1% of cropland in the UMORB to nitrogen-removal practices. Conservationists, policy makers, and agricultural producers seeking a workable strategy to reduce nitrogen export from the Corn Belt will need to consider a combination of nitrogen-management practices at the field scale and diverse nitrogen-removal practices at the landscape scale. C1 [McLellan, Eileen] Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Robertson, Dale] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Schilling, Keith] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Tomer, Mark] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kostel, Jill] Wetlands Initiat, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Smith, Doug] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [King, Kevin] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP McLellan, E (reprint author), Environm Def Fund, 1875 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20009 USA. EM emclellan@edf.org OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 FU Keith Campbell Foundation; McKnight Foundation; Walton Family Foundation FX We would like to thank Ralph Heimlich of Agricultural Conservation Economics for analyzing the various conservation scenarios, and gratefully acknowledge the support by the Keith Campbell Foundation, the McKnight Foundation, and the Walton Family Foundation. Dave Saad, Lisa Schulte Moore, Dave Kovacic, and Chris Craft offered helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Finally, we appreciate the efforts of the three anonymous reviewers whose constructive criticism greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 263 EP 289 DI 10.1111/jawr.12246 PG 27 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CA8FF UT WOS:000349151900019 ER PT J AU McDowell, NG Coops, NC Beck, PSA Chambers, JQ Gangodagamage, C Hicke, JA Huang, CY Kennedy, R Krofcheck, DJ Litvak, M Meddens, AJH Muss, J Negron-Juarez, R Peng, CH Schwantes, AM Swenson, JJ Vernon, LJ Williams, AP Xu, CG Zhao, MS Running, SW Allen, CD AF McDowell, Nate G. Coops, Nicholas C. Beck, Pieter S. A. Chambers, Jeffrey Q. Gangodagamage, Chandana Hicke, Jeffrey A. Huang, Cho-ying Kennedy, Robert Krofcheck, Dan J. Litvak, Marcy Meddens, Arjan J. H. Muss, Jordan Negron-Juarez, Robinson Peng, Changhui Schwantes, Amanda M. Swenson, Jennifer J. Vernon, Louis J. Williams, A. Park Xu, Chonggang Zhao, Maosheng Running, Steve W. Allen, Craig D. TI Global satellite monitoring of climate-induced vegetation disturbances SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE climate change; die-off; drought; forests; landscape; mortality; satellite ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION IMAGERY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FOREST COVER CHANGE; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; TREE MORTALITY; BARK BEETLE; LANDSAT IMAGERY; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; MULTITEMPORAL ANALYSIS AB Terrestrial disturbances are accelerating globally, but their full impact is not quantified because we lack an adequate monitoring system. Remote sensing offers a means to quantify the frequency and extent of disturbances globally. Here, we review the current application of remote sensing to this problem and offer a framework for more systematic analysis in the future. We recommend that any proposed monitoring system should not only detect disturbances, but also be able to: identify the proximate cause(s); integrate a range of spatial scales; and, ideally, incorporate process models to explain the observed patterns and predicted trends in the future. Significant remaining challenges are tied to the ecology of disturbances. To meet these challenges, more effort is required to incorporate ecological principles and understanding into the assessments of disturbance worldwide. C1 [McDowell, Nate G.; Gangodagamage, Chandana; Muss, Jordan; Vernon, Louis J.; Xu, Chonggang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Coops, Nicholas C.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Beck, Pieter S. A.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Chambers, Jeffrey Q.; Negron-Juarez, Robinson] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.; Meddens, Arjan J. H.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Huang, Cho-ying] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Kennedy, Robert] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Krofcheck, Dan J.; Litvak, Marcy] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr CEF ESCER, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Peng, Changhui] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Schwantes, Amanda M.; Swenson, Jennifer J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Williams, A. Park] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Zhao, Maosheng] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Running, Steve W.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov RI Chambers, Jeffrey/J-9021-2014; Huang, Cho-ying/E-6573-2012; Williams, Park/B-8214-2016; Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012; Vernon, Louis/K-9729-2016; Negron-Juarez, Robinson/I-6289-2016; OI Chambers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3983-7847; Xu, Chonggang/0000-0002-0937-5744; Huang, Cho-ying/0000-0002-9174-7542; Williams, Park/0000-0001-8176-8166; Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; Vernon, Louis/0000-0001-5379-7488; Schwantes, Amanda/0000-0002-7791-1078 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory's Interplanetary Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) program; EU project EUFOR-INNO FX This manuscript resulted from a workshop supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory's Interplanetary Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) program with additional support from the EU project EUFOR-INNO. NR 110 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 20 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 20 IS 2 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.10.008 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CB3CD UT WOS:000349504900009 PM 25500552 ER PT J AU Masoner, JR Cozzarelli, IM AF Masoner, Jason R. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. TI Spatial and Temporal Migration of a Landfill Leachate Plume in Alluvium SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Landfills; Plumes; Contaminant transport; Temporal; Migration; Groundwater contamination ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; MUNICIPAL LANDFILL; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; GROUNDWATER POLLUTION; NATURAL ATTENUATION; AQUIFER INTERFACE; HOT MOMENTS; WATER; CONTAMINANTS; OKLAHOMA AB Leachate from unlined or leaky landfills can create groundwater contaminant plumes that last decades to centuries. Understanding the dynamics of leachate movement in space and time is essential for monitoring, planning and management, and assessment of risk to groundwater and surface-water resources. Over a 23.4-year period (1986-2010), the spatial extent of the Norman Landfill leachate plume increased at a rate of 7800 m(2)/year and expanded by 878 %, from an area of 20,800 m(2) in 1986 to 203,400 m(2) in 2010. A linear plume velocity of 40.2 m/year was calculated that compared favorably to a groundwater-seepage velocity of 55.2 m/year. Plume-scale hydraulic conductivity values representative of actual hydrogeological conditions in the alluvium ranged from 7.0x10(-5) to 7.5x10(-4) m/s, with a median of 2.0x10(-4) m/s. Analyses of field-measured and calculated plume-scale hydraulic conductivity distributions indicate that the upper percentiles of field-measured values should be considered to assess rates of plume-scale migration, spreading, and biodegradation. A pattern of increasing Cl-concentrations during dry periods and decreasing Cl-concentrations during wet periods was observed in groundwater beneath the landfill. The opposite occurred in groundwater downgradient from the landfill; that is, Cl-concentrations in groundwater downgradient from the landfill decreased during dry periods and increased during wet periods. This pattern of changing Cl-concentrations in response to wet and dry periods indicates that the landfill retains or absorbs leachate during dry periods and produces lower concentrated leachate downgradient. During wet periods, the landfill receives more recharge which dilutes leachate in the landfill but increases leachate migration from the landfill and produces a more concentrated contaminant plume. This approach of quantifying plume expansion, migration, and concentration during variable hydrologic conditions provides increased understanding of plume behavior and migration potential and may be applied at less monitored landfill sites to evaluate potential risks of contamination to downgradient receptors. C1 [Masoner, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Masoner, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, 202 NW 66th Bldg 7, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. EM jmasoner@usgs.gov OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program FX This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and National Research Program. Appreciation is extended to Kevin A. Smith and Jeanne B. Jaeschke of the USGS for their assistance with well installation, sampling, and data analysis. The authors also thank Dr. Stanley T. Paxton, Dr. William Andrews, and Jerrod Smith for their reviews of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 226 IS 2 AR 18 DI 10.1007/s11270-014-2261-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CA6NB UT WOS:000349029900006 ER PT J AU Rowan, EL Engle, MA Kraemer, TF Schroeder, KT Hammack, RW Doughten, MW AF Rowan, Elisabeth L. Engle, Mark A. Kraemer, Thomas F. Schroeder, Karl T. Hammack, Richard W. Doughten, Michael W. TI Geochemical and isotopic evolution of water produced from Middle Devonian Marcellus shale gas wells, Appalachian basin, Pennsylvania SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; SEAWATER CHEMISTRY; ILLINOIS BASIN; SEDIMENTARY BASIN; FLUID INCLUSIONS; ORIGIN; BRINES; HALITE; GROUNDWATER; EVAPORATION AB The number of Marcellus Shale gas wells drilled in the Appalachian basin has increased rapidly over the past decade, leading to increased interest in the highly saline water produced with the natural gas which must be recycled, treated, or injected into deep disposal wells. New geochemical and isotopic analyses of produced water for 3 time-series and 13 grab samples from Marcellus Shale gas wells in southwest and north central Pennsylvania (PA) are used to address the origin of the water and solutes produced over the long term (>12 months). The question of whether the produced water originated within the Marcellus Shale, or whether it may have been drawn from adjacent reservoirs via fractures is addressed using measurements of Ra-228/Ra-226 and Ra-226 activity. These parameters indicate that the water originated in the Marcellus Shale, and can be more broadly used to trace water of Marcellus Shale origin. During the first 1-2 weeks of production, rapid increases in salinity and positive shifts in delta O-18 values were observed in the produced water, followed by more gradual changes until a compositional plateau was reached within approximately 1 yr. The delta O-18 values and relationships between Na, Cl, and Br provide evidence that the water produced after compositional stabilization is natural formation water, the salinity for which originated primarily from evaporatively concentrated paleoseawater. The rapid transition from injected water to chemically and isotopically distinct water while <50% of the injected water volume had been recovered, supports the hypothesis that significant volumes of injected water were removed from circulation by imbibition. C1 [Rowan, Elisabeth L.; Doughten, Michael W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] Univ Texas El Paso, US Geol Survey, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Kraemer, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Schroeder, Karl T.; Hammack, Richard W.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Rowan, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12207 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM erowan@usgs.gov; engle@usgs.gov; tkraemer@usgs.gov; Karl.Schroeder@netl.doe.gov; richard.hammack@netl.doe.gov; doughten@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the staff of the operating companies for generously granting access to their wells for sample collection. We also thank the Department of Energy for facilitating collaboration through an ongoing research program, and for assisting with sample collection and analyses. We are grateful to Yousif Kharaka, Jennifer McIntosh, and an anonymous reviewer whose comments significantly improved the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the Energy Resources and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 59 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 EI 1558-9153 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 99 IS 2 BP 181 EP 206 DI 10.1306/07071413146 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA2QA UT WOS:000348751300001 ER PT J AU DuRoss, CB Hylland, MD AF DuRoss, Christopher B. Hylland, Michael D. TI Synchronous Ruptures along a Major Graben-Forming Fault System: Wasatch and West Valley Fault Zones, Utah SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLEISTOCENE LAKE BONNEVILLE; EASTERN GREAT-BASIN; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; PROVO SHORELINE; UNITED-STATES; EARTHQUAKE; USA; MAGNITUDE; DISPLACEMENT; CHRONOLOGY AB The Salt Lake City segment (SLCS) of the Wasatch fault zone and the antithetic West Valley fault zone (WVFZ) form a large, Holocene-active, intrabasin graben in northern Salt Lake Valley, Utah. We integrate previous paleoseismic data with new data from recent trench investigations and compare earthquake timing and displacement for both the master and antithetic faults of this major graben-forming system to address whether the WVFZ ruptures simultaneously with the SLCS or is a separate, independent source of earthquakes. Nine SLCS surface-faulting earthquakes postdate the Lake Bonneville highstand (similar to 18 ka); however, the record is most complete since similar to 14 ka, yielding latest Pleistocene and Holocene mean recurrence estimates of similar to 1.5 ky and similar to 1.3-1.6 ky, respectively. Six post-Bonneville-highstand WVFZ earthquakes yield a mean recurrence of similar to 2.0-3.6 ky; however, we consider the WVFZ earthquake record incomplete because of distributed faulting and limited paleoseismic data. Five of six WVFZ earthquakes have mean and 2 sigma times that are very similar to those of SLCS earthquakes. WVFZ earthquake W5 lacks an apparent temporal correlation with an SLCS earthquake but occurred during a period for which the SLCS chronology may be incomplete. Mean WVFZ per-event vertical displacement (similar to 0.5 m) is 26%-42% of that for the SLCS (similar to 1.2-1.9 m), consistent with that predicted by previous mechanical modeling of antithetic faulting triggered by slip on a listricmaster fault. We conclude that large WVFZ earthquakes are likely synchronous with, or triggered shortly after, SLCS surface-faulting earthquakes. Although earthquake-timing uncertainties preclude determining an unequivocal coseismic link between the WVFZ and SLCS, structural models suggest a high likelihood for synchronous rupture. These results have important implications for forecasting earthquake probabilities in complex normal-faulting environments. C1 [DuRoss, Christopher B.; Hylland, Michael D.] Utah Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. RP DuRoss, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cduross@usgs.gov; mikehylland@utah.gov FU Utah Geological Survey (UGS); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program [G10AP00068] FX Our paleoseismic studies of the Salt Lake City segment and West Valley fault zone were funded by the Utah Geological Survey (UGS) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, Award Number G10AP00068. The Penrose Drive (PD) and Baileys Lake trench investigations were collaborative efforts involving substantial contributions on the part of numerous individuals, including Greg McDonald (UGS), Anthony Crone and Stephen Personius (USGS), Susan Olig (URS Corporation), and Charles (Jack) Oviatt (Kansas State University). Shannon Mahan (USGS) performed the luminescence dating and provided helpful advice for interpreting the results. We thank Ian and Annette Cummings and the Salt Lake City Department of Airports for interest in our project and for granting permission to trench at the PD and Baileys Lake sites, respectively. Constructive reviews by Steve Bowman and Robert Ressetar (UGS), Richard Briggs (USGS), and Susan Olig (URS Corporation) strengthened this article. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 105 IS 1 BP 14 EP 37 DI 10.1785/0120140064 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CA4TQ UT WOS:000348898700002 ER PT J AU Barnett, EA Sherrod, BL Hughes, JF Kelsey, HM Czajkowski, JL Walsh, TJ Contreras, TA Schermer, ER Carson, RJ AF Barnett, Elizabeth A. Sherrod, Brian L. Hughes, Jonathan F. Kelsey, Harvey M. Czajkowski, Jessica L. Walsh, Timothy J. Contreras, Trevor A. Schermer, Elizabeth R. Carson, Robert J. TI Paleoseismic Evidence for Late Holocene Tectonic Deformation along the Saddle Mountain Fault Zone, Southeastern Olympic Peninsula, Washington SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA FORE-ARC; SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; SEATTLE FAULT; WESTERN WASHINGTON; QUATERNARY FAULTS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEISMIC HAZARDS; SAN-ANDREAS; ICE-SHEET AB Trench and wetland coring studies show that northeast-striking strands of the Saddle Mountain fault zone ruptured the ground about 1000 years ago, generating prominent scarps. Three conspicuous subparallel fault scarps can be traced for 15 km on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) imagery, traversing the foothills of the southeast Olympic Mountains: the Saddle Mountain east fault, the Saddle Mountain west fault, and the newly identified Sund Creek fault. Uplift of the Saddle Mountain east fault scarp impounded stream flow, forming Price Lake and submerging an existing forest, thereby leaving drowned stumps still rooted in place. Stratigraphy mapped in two trenches, one across the Saddle Mountain east fault and the other across the Sund Creek fault, records one and two earthquakes, respectively, as faulting juxtaposed Miocene-age bedrock against glacial and postglacial deposits. Although the stratigraphy demonstrates that reverse motion generated the scarps, slip indicators measured on fault surfaces suggest a component of left-lateral slip. From trench exposures, we estimate the postglacial slip rate to be 0.2 mm/yr and between 0.7 and 3.2 mm/yr during the past 3000 years. Integrating radiocarbon data from this study with earlier Saddle Mountain fault studies into an OxCal Bayesian statistical chronology model constrains the most recent paleoearthquake age of rupture across all three Saddle Mountain faults to 1170-970 calibrated years (cal B.P.), which overlaps with the nearby M-w 7.5 1050-1020 cal B.P. Seattle fault earthquake. An earlier earthquake recorded in the Sund Creek trench exposure, dates to around 3500 cal B.P. The geometry of the Saddle Mountain faults and their near-synchronous rupture to nearby faults 1000 years ago suggest that the Saddle Mountain fault zone forms a western boundary fault along which the fore-arc blocks migrate northward in response to margin-parallel shortening across the Puget Lowland. C1 [Barnett, Elizabeth A.; Sherrod, Brian L.] US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hughes, Jonathan F.] Univ Fraser Valley, Dept Geog, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada. [Kelsey, Harvey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Czajkowski, Jessica L.; Walsh, Timothy J.; Contreras, Trevor A.] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Div Geol & Earth Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Schermer, Elizabeth R.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Carson, Robert J.] Whitman Coll, Dept Geol, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Barnett, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM elibee@uw.edu; bsherrod@usgs.gov; jonathan.hughes@ufv.ca; Harvey.Kelsey@humboldt.edu; Jessica.Czajkowski@dnr.wa.gov; tim.walsh@dnr.wa.gov; Trevor.Contreras@dnr.wa.gov; schermer@geol.wwu.edu; carsonrj@whitman.edu NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 105 IS 1 BP 38 EP 71 DI 10.1785/0120140086 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CA4TQ UT WOS:000348898700003 ER PT J AU Rizza, M Ritz, JF Prentice, C Vassallo, R Braucher, R Larroque, C Arzhannikova, A Arzhannikov, S Mahan, S Massault, M Michelot, JL Todbileg, M AF Rizza, M. Ritz, J. -F. Prentice, C. Vassallo, R. Braucher, R. Larroque, C. Arzhannikova, A. Arzhannikov, S. Mahan, S. Massault, M. Michelot, J. -L. Todbileg, M. CA ASTER Team TI Earthquake Geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRIKE-SLIP-FAULT; RANGE GOBI-ALTAY; STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; RATES; BE-10; RADIONUCLIDES; DEFORMATION; TECTONICS; EURASIA; INDIA AB The Bulnay earthquake of 23 July 1905 (M-w 8.3-8.5), in north-central Mongolia, is one of the world's largest recorded intracontinental earthquakes and one of four great earthquakes that occurred in the region during the twentieth century. The 375 km long surface rupture of the left-lateral, strike-slip, N095 degrees E-trending Bulnay fault associated with this earthquake is remarkable for its pronounced expression across the landscape and for the size of features produced by previous earthquakes. Our field observations suggest that in many areas the width and geometry of the rupture zone is the result of repeated earthquakes; however, in those areas where it is possible to determine that the geomorphic features are the result of the 1905 surface rupture alone, the size of the features produced by this single earthquake are singular in comparison to most other historical strike-slip surface ruptures worldwide. Along the 80 km stretch, between 97.18 degrees E and 98.33 degrees E, the fault zone is characterized by several meters width and the mean left-lateral 1905 offset is 8.9 +/- 0.6 m with two measured cumulative offsets that are twice the 1905 slip. These observations suggest that the displacement produced during the penultimate event was similar to the 1905 slip. Morphotectonic analyses carried out at three sites along the eastern part of the Bulnay fault allow us to estimate a mean horizontal slip rate of 3.1 +/- 1.7 mm/yr over the Late Pleistocene-Holocene period. In parallel, paleoseismological investigations show evidence for two earthquakes prior to the 1905 event, with recurrence intervals of similar to 2700-4000 yrs. C1 [Rizza, M.; Ritz, J. -F.] Univ Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Prentice, C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Braucher, R.; ASTER Team] Aix Marseille Univ, Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement Geosci Environne, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. [Larroque, C.] Geoazur 7329, F-06560 Valbonne, France. [Arzhannikova, A.; Arzhannikov, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Earths Crust, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. [Mahan, S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Massault, M.; Michelot, J. -L.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Todbileg, M.] Mongolian Univ Sci & Technol, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Rizza, M (reprint author), Aix Marseille Unisite, CNRS IRD Coll France, CEREGE, UMR 34, BP80, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. EM rizza@cerege.fr RI Arzhannikova, Anastasia/O-1996-2013; OI Bourles, Didier/0000-0001-5991-6126; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774; Braucher, Regis/0000-0002-4637-4302 FU French INSU 3F program; Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers (OSU) Observatoire de REcherche Mediterraneen de l'Environnement (OREME) in Montpellier; Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); French Ministry of Research and Higher Education, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) FX This work was supported by the French INSU 3F 2009 program and by the Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers (OSU) Observatoire de REcherche Mediterraneen de l'Environnement (OREME) in Montpellier. SPOT-5 imagery has been acquired with the Incitation a l'utilisation Scientifique des Images SPOT (ISIS)/Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) number 101 program. ASTER Team members (M. Arnold, G. Aumaitre, D. Bourles, and K. Keddadouche) are thanked for their valuable assistance during 10Be measurements at the Accelerateur pour les Sciences de la Terre, Environnement, Risques (ASTER) national facility (Centre Europeen de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Geosciences de l'Environnement [CEREGE], Aix en Provence), which is supported by the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the French Ministry of Research and Higher Education, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) and Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA). In this project, carbon-14 (14C) measurements were performed in the framework of the Accelerateur pour la Recherche en sciences de la Terre, Environnement et Museologie (ARTEMIS)/INSU service. We would like to acknowledge our drivers and cook for the technical support during the field. We thank David Schwartz for providing us aerial photographs and suggestions for paleoseismological sites and for fruitful discussions. We are grateful to Sally McGill, Ryan Gold, Kate Scharer, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments and their help to improve the manuscript. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 105 IS 1 BP 72 EP 93 DI 10.1785/0120140119 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CA4TQ UT WOS:000348898700004 ER PT J AU McLaskey, GC Lockner, DA Kilgore, BD Beeler, NM AF McLaskey, Gregory C. Lockner, David A. Kilgore, Brian D. Beeler, Nicholas M. TI A Robust Calibration Technique for Acoustic Emission Systems Based on Momentum Transfer from a Ball Drop SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL GREENS-FUNCTION; SOURCE PARAMETERS; EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; SENSORS; EVENTS; TENSOR; PULSE AB We describe a technique to estimate the seismic moment of acoustic emissions and other extremely small seismic events. Unlike previous calibration techniques, it does not require modeling of the wave propagation, sensor response, or signal conditioning. Rather, this technique calibrates the recording system as a whole and uses a ball impact as a reference source or empirical Green's function. To correctly apply this technique, we develop mathematical expressions that link the seismic moment M-0 of internal seismic sources (i.e., earthquakes and acoustic emissions) to the impulse, or change in momentum Delta p, of externally applied seismic sources (i.e., meteor impacts or, in this case, ball impact). We find that, at low frequencies, moment and impulse are linked by a constant, which we call the force-moment-rate scale factor C-FM = M-0/Delta p. This constant is equal to twice the speed of sound in the material from which the seismic sources were generated. Next, we demonstrate the calibration technique on two different experimental rock mechanics facilities. The first example is a saw-cut cylindrical granite sample that is loaded in a triaxial apparatus at 40 MPa confining pressure. The second example is a 2 m long fault cut in a granite sample and deformed in a large biaxial apparatus at lower stress levels. Using the empirical calibration technique, we are able to determine absolute source parameters including the seismic moment, corner frequency, stress drop, and radiated energy of these magnitude -2:5 to -7 seismic events. C1 [McLaskey, Gregory C.; Lockner, David A.; Kilgore, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beeler, Nicholas M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP McLaskey, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gcm8ster@gmail.com RI Kilgore, Brian/K-3433-2012 OI Kilgore, Brian/0000-0003-0530-7979 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 105 IS 1 BP 257 EP 271 DI 10.1785/0120140170 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CA4TQ UT WOS:000348898700017 ER PT J AU Barbour, AJ Agnew, DC Wyatt, FK AF Barbour, Andrew J. Agnew, Duncan Carr Wyatt, Frank K. TI Coseismic Strains on Plate Boundary Observatory Borehole Strainmeters in Southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TELESEISMIC DISTANCES; TIDAL CALIBRATION; TIME-SERIES; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; IDENTIFICATION; OFFSETS; METERS; STEPS; MODEL AB Strainmeters can record offsets coincident with earthquakes, but how much these represent strain changes from elastic rebound, and how much they are contaminated by local effects, remains an open question. To study this, we use a probabilistic detection method to estimate coseismic offsets on nine borehole strainmeters (BSMs) operated by the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) in southern California, from 34 earthquakes with a wide range of magnitudes and distances. In general, the offsets estimated for the BSM data differ substantially from the static strain predicted by elastic dislocation theory, which is well supported by other techniques, though 10% of the observed offsets agree well with theory. For one earthquake, the BSM offsets significantly disagree with collocated long-base laser strainmeter data. Comparisons with collocated seismic data provide strong evidence that the absolute errors between the observed and predicted strains scale with the level of seismic energy density but also that relative errors (normalized by the model size) do not. We conclude that apparent strain offsets are induced by seismic waves, occurring presumably because of irreversible deformation, whether in the rock or cementing materials close to the BSMs, or in the instruments themselves. Coseismic offsets seen in PBO BSM data should therefore be viewed with caution before being used as a measure of large-scale coseismic deformation. C1 [Barbour, Andrew J.; Agnew, Duncan Carr; Wyatt, Frank K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Barbour, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM abarbour@usgs.gov OI Agnew, Duncan/0000-0002-2360-7783 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR08-43878, EAR10-53208, EAR12-51568] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants EAR08-43878, EAR10-53208, and EAR12-51568. We thank Billy Hatfield for constructive comments. We also thank an anonymous reviewer, and John Langbein, for reviews that led to improvements in this paper. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 105 IS 1 BP 431 EP 444 DI 10.1785/0120140199 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CA4TQ UT WOS:000348898700030 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, JL AF Hardebeck, Jeanne L. TI Comment on "Models of Stochastic, Spatially Varying Stress in the Crust Compatible with Focal-Mechanism Data, and How Stress Inversions Can Be Biased toward the Stress Rate" by Deborah Elaine Smith and Thomas H. Heaton SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALIFORNIA; FAULT; SEQUENCE C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 105 IS 1 BP 447 EP 451 DI 10.1785/0120130127 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CA4TQ UT WOS:000348898700032 ER PT J AU Smith, DE Heaton, TH AF Smith, Deborah Elaine Heaton, Thomas H. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Models of Stochastic, Spatially Varying Stress in the Crust Compatible with Focal-Mechanism Data, and How Stress Inversions Can Be Biased toward the Stress Rate' by Deborah Elaine Smith and Thomas H. Heaton" by Jeanne L. Hardebeck SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID EARTHQUAKE C1 [Smith, Deborah Elaine] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Heaton, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Smith, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM desmith144@gmail.com; heaton@caltech.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 105 IS 1 BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1785/0120140132 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CA4TQ UT WOS:000348898700033 ER PT J AU Field, EH Jordan, TH AF Field, Edward H. Jordan, Thomas H. TI Time-Dependent Renewal-Model Probabilities When Date of Last Earthquake is Unknown SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB We derive time-dependent, renewal-model earthquake probabilities for the case in which the date of the last event is completely unknown, and compare these with the time-independent Poisson probabilities that are customarily used as an approximation in this situation. For typical parameter values, the renewal-model probabilities exceed Poisson results by more than 10% when the forecast duration exceeds similar to 20% of the mean recurrence interval. We also derive probabilities for the case in which the last event is further constrained to have occurred before historical record keeping began (the historic open interval), which can only serve to increase earthquake probabilities for typically applied renewal models. We conclude that accounting for the historic open interval can improve long-term earthquake rupture forecasts for California and elsewhere. C1 [Field, Edward H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jordan, Thomas H.] Univ So Calif, Southern Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1033462]; USGS [G12AC20038] FX We thank Morgan Page for a very helpful review on behalf of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and William Ellsworth and an anonymous reviewer for their equally helpful reviews. Delphine Fitzenz also provided useful comments. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1991. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 105 IS 1 BP 459 EP 463 DI 10.1785/0120140096 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CA4TQ UT WOS:000348898700034 ER PT J AU Schaefer, WF Schmitz, MH Blazer, VS Ehlinger, TJ Berges, JA AF Schaefer, Wayne F. Schmitz, Mark H. Blazer, Vicki S. Ehlinger, Timothy J. Berges, John A. TI Localization and seasonal variation of blue pigment (sandercyanin) in walleye (Sander vitreus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; EPIDERMAL CLUB CELLS; FISH; LAKES; COLORATION; FUTURE; SKIN; CHROMATOPHORES; BILIVERDIN; DISPERSAL AB Several fish species, including the walleye (Sander vitreus), have "yellow" and "blue" color morphs. In S. vitreus, one source of the blue color has been identified as a bili-binding protein pigment (sandercyanin), found in surface mucus of the fish. Little is known about the production of the pigment or about its functions. We examined the anatomical localization and seasonal variation of sandercyanin in S. vitreus from a population in McKim Lake, northwestern Ontario, Canada. Skin sections were collected from 20 fish and examined histologically. Mucus was collected from 306 fish over 6 years, and the amount of sandercyanin was quantified spectrophotometrically. Sandercyanin was found solely on dorsal surfaces of the fish and was localized to novel cells in the epidermis, similar in appearance to secretory sacciform cells. Sandercyanin concentrations were significantly higher in fish collected in summer versus other seasons. Yellow and blue morphs did not differ in amounts of sandercyanin, suggesting that the observed blue color, in fact, arises from lack of yellow pigmentation in blue morphs. The function of the sandercyanin remains unclear, but roles in photoprotection and countershading are consistent with available data. C1 [Schaefer, Wayne F.] Univ Wisconsin Washington Cty, West Bend, WI 53095 USA. [Schmitz, Mark H.] Univ Wisconsin Sheboygan Cty, Sheboygan, WI 53081 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ehlinger, Timothy J.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Berges, John A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Berges, John A.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Schaefer, WF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Washington Cty, 400 Univ Dr, West Bend, WI 53095 USA. EM wayne.schaefer@uwc.edu FU US Geological Survey's Ecosystem program; University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee's (UWM) Clifford Mortimer award; University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee's (UWM) Ruth Walker award; Open-Access Publication Fund; Campus Foundation of UW-Sheboygan County; Campus Foundation of UW-Washington County FX We thank David Gibson, S. Ramaswamy, Chi-Li Yu, and Dan Ferraro from the University of Iowa for their tireless and gratis work in identification and chemical characterization of sandercyanin. The study was partially funded by the US Geological Survey's Ecosystem program and by University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee's (UWM) Clifford Mortimer and Ruth Walker awards. We thank the UWM Libraries for support from the Open-Access Publication Fund and the Campus Foundations of UW-Sheboygan and UW-Washington County for additional open-access funding. We thank Kathy Spring and Adam Sperry for histological preparations and Carol Stepien at the University of Toledo for her continued encouragement and for providing direction to the unpublished genetic portion of this research. We are grateful to Toye Ekunsanmi of the UW - Washington County for helping us to early rule out a possible symbiotic relationship with a microorganism in production of sandercyanin. Numerous other faculty and students have helped with this long study; to them we are most grateful. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 72 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0139 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CA3GX UT WOS:000348795800012 ER PT J AU Falke, JA Flitcroft, RL Dunham, JB McNyset, KM Hessburg, PF Reeves, GH AF Falke, Jeffrey A. Flitcroft, Rebecca L. Dunham, Jason B. McNyset, Kristina M. Hessburg, Paul F. Reeves, Gordon H. TI Climate change and vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a fire-prone landscape SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; NATIVE FISHES; STREAM TEMPERATURES; WASHINGTON-STATE; THERMAL REGIMES; WILDFIRE AB Linked atmospheric and wildfire changes will complicate future management of native coldwater fishes in fire-prone landscapes, and new approaches to management that incorporate uncertainty are needed to address this challenge. We used a Bayesian network (BN) approach to evaluate population vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Wenatchee River basin, Washington, USA, under current and future climate and fire scenarios. The BN was based on modeled estimates of wildfire, water temperature, and physical habitat prior to, and following, simulated fires throughout the basin. We found that bull trout population vulnerability depended on the extent to which climate effects can be at least partially offset by managing factors such as habitat connectivity and fire size. Moreover, our analysis showed that local management can significantly reduce the vulnerability of bull trout to climate change given appropriate management actions. Tools such as our BN that explicitly integrate the linked nature of climate and wildfire, and incorporate uncertainty in both input data and vulnerability estimates, will be vital in effective future management to conserve native coldwater fishes. C1 [Falke, Jeffrey A.; McNyset, Kristina M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Flitcroft, Rebecca L.; Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Hessburg, Paul F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Falke, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jeffrey.falke@alaska.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; DOI Northwest Climate Science Center; National Research Council; Oregon State University FX This project was partially funded by a grant from the Joint Fire Science Program to G.H.R. and R.L.F., the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the DOI Northwest Climate Science Center. Additional support for J.A.F. and K.M.M. was provided by the National Research Council and Oregon State University. The authors thank L. Benda, P. Bisson, W. Elliot, and S. Wondzell for advice on an early version of the project and K. Pearse for editorial assistance. A. Brookes, C. Jordan, K. Vance-Borland, and M. Weber assisted with study design and analysis. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 42 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 72 IS 2 BP 304 EP 318 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0098 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CA3GX UT WOS:000348795800014 ER PT J AU Churchill, AC Turetsky, MR McGuire, AD Hollingsworth, TN AF Churchill, Amber C. Turetsky, Merritt R. McGuire, A. David Hollingsworth, Teresa N. TI Response of plant community structure and primary productivity to experimental drought and flooding in an Alaskan fen SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE primary productivity; peatland; hydrologic manipulation; drying; flooding ID WATER-TABLE MANIPULATIONS; CARBON-CYCLE; CO2 EXCHANGE; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; BOREAL PEATLANDS; LEVEL VARIATION; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; SEQUESTRATION AB Northern peatlands represent a long-term net sink for atmospheric CO2, but these ecosystems can shift from net carbon (C) sinks to sources based on changing climate and environmental conditions. In particular, changes in water availability associated with climate control peatland vegetation and carbon uptake processes. We examined the influence of changing hydrology on plant species abundance and ecosystem primary production in an Alaskan fen by manipulating the water table in field treatments to mimic either sustained flooding (raised water table) or drought (lowered water table) conditions for 6 years. We found that water table treatments altered plant species abundance by increasing sedge and grass cover in the raised water table treatment and reducing moss cover while increasing vascular green area in the lowered water table treatment. Gross primary productivity was lower in the lowered treatment than in the other plots, although there were no differences in total biomass or vascular net primary productivity among the treatments. Overall, our results indicate that vegetation abundance was more sensitive to variation in water table than total biomass and vascular biomass accrual. Finally, in our experimental peatland, drought had stronger consequences for change in vegetation abundance and ecosystem function than sustained flooding. C1 [Churchill, Amber C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Churchill, AC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Amber.Churchill@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0425328, DEB-0724514, DEB-0830997]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program - NSF [DEB-0620579]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program - USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research [PNW01-JV11261952-231] FX Previous versions of this manuscript were improved by comments from the CU EBIO Writing Seminar, Kim Wickland, and Gauis Shaver. Jennifer Harden helped design the study and provided thoughtful comments on this manuscript. We thank Katie Shea, Nicole McConnell, Caitlin Lawrence, Bill Cable, Molly Chivers, Claire Treat, Grant Austin, Chris Dorich, Katie Neufeld, Sara Klapstein, Dana Nossov, Collin Maachel, Nick Brehm, Korlyn Bolster, Matthew Smith, Mike Waddington, and Mark Waldrop for field and laboratory assistance. We are grateful to the Bonanza Creek LTER for laboratory space and logistics. This research was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants supporting the APEX project (DEB-0425328, DEB-0724514, and DEB-0830997) and by the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0620579 and USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research grant PNW01-JV11261952-231). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 51 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 45 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0100 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AZ9IB UT WOS:000348526000006 ER PT J AU Hobson, EA John, DJ Mcintosh, TL Avery, ML Wright, TF AF Hobson, Elizabeth A. John, Darlene J. Mcintosh, Tiffany L. Avery, Michael L. Wright, Timothy F. TI The effect of social context and social scale on the perception of relationships in monk parakeets SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Affiliative; Agonistic; Dominance; Eigenvector centrality; Emergent social property; Myiopsitta monachus; Parrot; Popularity; Rank; Social network analysis ID BUDGERIGARS MELOPSITTACUS-UNDULATUS; DOMINANCE NETWORK STRUCTURE; CONTACT CALLS; HIERARCHY FORMATION; FEMALE PRIMATES; BABOONS; RANK; DYNAMICS; RECOGNITION; MACAQUES AB Social relationships formed within a network of interacting group members can have a profound impact on an individual's behavior and fitness. However, we have little understanding of how individuals perceive their relationships and how this perception relates to our external measures of interactions. We investigated the perception of affiliative and agonistic relationships at both the dyadic and emergent social levels in two captive groups of monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus, n = 21 and 19) using social network analysis and playback experiments. At the dyadic social scale, individuals directed less aggression towards their strong affiliative partners and more aggression towards non-partner neighbors. At the emergent social scale, there was no association between relationships in different social contexts and an individual's dominance rank did not correlate with its popularity rank. Playback response patterns were mainly driven by relationships in affiliative social contexts at the dyadic scale. In both groups, individual responses to playback experiments were significantly affected by strong affiliative relationships at the dyadic social scale, albeit in different directions in the two groups. Response patterns were also affected by affiliative relationships at the emergent social scale, but only in one of the two groups. Within affiliative relationships, those at the dyadic social scale were perceived by individuals in both groups, but those at the emergent social scale only affected responses in one group. These results provide preliminary evidence that relationships in affiliative social contexts may be perceived as more important than agonistic relationships in captive monk parakeet groups. Our approach could be used in a wide range of social species and comparative analyses could provide important insight into how individuals perceive relationships across social contexts and social scales C1 [Hobson, Elizabeth A.] Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hobson, Elizabeth A.; John, Darlene J.; Mcintosh, Tiffany L.; Wright, Timothy F.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Avery, Michael L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Hobson, EA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ehobson@nimbios.org FU New Mexico Higher Education Graduate fellowship; Loustaunau Fellowship from NMSU; NSF GK-12 DISSECT Fellowship [DGE-0947465]; New Mexico State University; American Ornithologists' Union; Sigma Xi; NMSU Biology Graduate Student Organization; NSF [IOS-0725032]; REU; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858, DBI-1300426]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX We thank the staff of the USDA/NWRC Florida Field Station for their support, especially Kandy Keacher for assistance in animal husbandry and data record-keeping. We also thank A. Hobson for help with data collection. Comments from W. Boecklen, A. Ilany, A. Kershenbaum, members of the Wright, Mabry, and Freeberg labs, and three anonymous reviewers significantly improved this manuscript. This study was funded by a New Mexico Higher Education Graduate fellowship, a Loustaunau Fellowship from NMSU, and a NSF GK-12 DISSECT (#DGE-0947465) Fellowship to E.A.H., research grants from the Associated Students of New Mexico State University, American Ornithologists' Union, Sigma Xi, and the NMSU Biology Graduate Student Organization to E.A.H., and NSF #IOS-0725032 and associated REU supplement to T.F.W. A portion of this work was conducted while E.A.H. was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, an Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF Awards #EF-0832858 and #DBI-1300426, with additional support from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 39 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 61 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CA6EZ UT WOS:000349003500007 ER PT J AU Hand, BK Hether, TD Kovach, RP Muhlfeld, CC Amish, SJ Boyer, MC O'Rourke, SM Miller, MR Lowe, WH Hohenlohe, PA Luikart, G AF Hand, Brian K. Hether, Tyler D. Kovach, Ryan P. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Amish, Stephen J. Boyer, Matthew C. O'Rourke, Sean M. Miller, Michael R. Lowe, Winsor H. Hohenlohe, Paul A. Luikart, Gordon TI Genomics and introgression: Discovery and mapping of thousands of species-diagnostic SNPs using RAD sequencing SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation genetics; Hybridization; Invasive species; Next generation sequencing; Salmonid fish; SNP discovery ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; NORTH-ATLANTIC EELS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; SPREAD; POPULATIONS AB Invasive hybridization and introgression pose a serious threat to the persistence of many native species. Understanding the effects of hybridization on native populations (e.g., fitness consequences) requires numerous species-diagnostic loci distributed genome-wide. Here we used RAD sequencing to discover thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are diagnostic between rainbow trout (RBT, Oncorhynchus mykiss), the world's most widely introduced fish, and native westslope cutthroat trout (WCT, O. clarkii lewisi) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We advanced previous work that identified 4,914 species-diagnostic loci by using longer sequence reads (100 bp vs. 60 bp) and a larger set of individuals (n = 84). We sequenced RAD libraries for individuals from diverse sampling sources, including native populations of WCT and hatchery broodstocks of WCT and RBT. We also took advantage of a newly released reference genome assembly for RBT to align our RAD loci. In total, we discovered 16,788 putatively diagnostic SNPs, 10,267 of which we mapped to anchored chromosome locations on the RBT genome. A small portion of previously discovered putative diagnostic loci (325 of 4,914) were no longer diagnostic (i.e., fixed between species) based on our wider survey of non-hybridized RBT and WCT individuals. Our study suggests that RAD loci mapped to a draft genome assembly could provide the marker density required to identify genes and chromosomal regions influencing selection in admixed populations of conservation concern and evolutionary interest C1 [Hand, Brian K.; Kovach, Ryan P.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Hether, Tyler D.; Hohenlohe, Paul A.] Univ Idaho, Inst Bioinformat & Evolutionary Studies, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Amish, Stephen J.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Boyer, Matthew C.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [O'Rourke, Sean M.; Miller, Michael R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Hohenlohe, PA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Inst Bioinformat & Evolutionary Studies, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM hohenlohe@uidaho.edu FU NSF [DEB-1258203]; Bonneville Power Administration [199101903]; NIH [S10RR029668, S10RR027303, P30GM103324]; Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center; NASA [NNX14AB84G] FX Thanks to Morten Limborg for a helpful review of the manuscript. This work was supported by NSF (DEB-1258203), Bonneville Power Administration (199101903), and used the Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Laboratory at UC Berkeley, supported by NIH (S10 Instrumentation Grants S10RR029668 and S10RR027303). BKH was supported in part by funding from the Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center. BKH and GL were supported by NASA grant number NNX14AB84G. TDH and PAH received support for data analysis from NIH grant P30GM103324. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 88 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 61 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CA6EZ UT WOS:000349003500015 ER PT J AU Riley, JD Rhoads, BL Parsons, DR Johnson, KK AF Riley, James D. Rhoads, Bruce L. Parsons, Daniel R. Johnson, Kevin K. TI Influence of junction angle on three-dimensional flow structure and bed morphology at confluent meander bends during different hydrological conditions SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE confluent meander bends; confluences; flow structure; bed morphology; junction angle ID RIVER CHANNEL CONFLUENCES; ASYMMETRICAL STREAM CONFLUENCE; SECONDARY CIRCULATION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; BRAID BAR; DISCORDANCE; BANGLADESH; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; CUTOFFS AB Recent field and modeling investigations have examined the fluvial dynamics of confluent meander bends where a straight tributary channel enters a meandering river at the apex of a bend with a 90 degrees junction angle. Past work on confluences with asymmetrical and symmetrical planforms has shown that the angle of tributary entry has a strong influence on mutual deflection of confluent flows and the spatial extent of confluence hydrodynamic and morphodynamic features. This paper examines three-dimensional flow structure and bed morphology for incoming flows with high and low momentum-flux ratios at two large, natural confluent meander bends that have different tributary entry angles. At the high-angle (90 degrees) confluent meander bend, mutual deflection of converging flows abruptly turns fluid from the lateral tributary into the downstream channel and flow in the main river is deflected away from the outer bank of the bend by a bar that extends downstream of the junction corner along the inner bank of the tributary. Two counter-rotating helical cells inherited from upstream flow curvature flank the mixing interface, which overlies a central pool. A large influx of sediment to the confluence from a meander cutoff immediately upstream has produced substantial morphologic change during large, tributary-dominant discharge events, resulting in displacement of the pool inward and substantial erosion of the point bar in the main channel. In contrast, flow deflection is less pronounced at the low-angle (36 degrees) confluent meander bend, where the converging flows are nearly parallel to one another upon entering the confluence. A large helical cell imparted from upstream flow curvature in the main river occupies most of the downstream channel for prevailing low momentum-flux ratio conditions and a weak counter-rotating cell forms during infrequent tributary-dominant flow events. Bed morphology remains relatively stable and does not exhibit extensive scour that often occurs at confluences with concordant beds. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Riley, James D.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Geol Geog, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Rhoads, Bruce L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog & Geog Informat Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Parsons, Daniel R.] Univ Hull, Dept Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Fac Sci & Engn, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. [Johnson, Kevin K.] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL USA. RP Riley, JD (reprint author), Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Geol Geog, Phys Sci Bldg,600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. EM jdriley@eiu.edu RI Parsons, Daniel/G-9101-2011 OI Parsons, Daniel/0000-0002-5142-4466 FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0453316] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (BCS-0453316). Thanks to the United States Geological Survey Illinois Water Science Center for use of a boat and data collection equipment, and to Barry Vessels of the Louisville District of the United States Army Corps of Engineers for channel bed data collected in the aftermath of the development of the Wabash River meander cutoff. Frank Engel, Rob Ferguson, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved the clarity of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 40 IS 2 BP 252 EP 271 DI 10.1002/esp.3624 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CA4UX UT WOS:000348902200008 ER PT J AU Gray, AB Pasternack, GB Watson, EB Warrick, JA Goni, MA AF Gray, Andrew B. Pasternack, Gregory B. Watson, Elizabeth B. Warrick, Jonathan A. Goni, Miguel A. TI The effect of El Nino Southern Oscillation cycles on the decadal scale suspended sediment behavior of a coastal dry-summer subtropical catchment SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; long-term memory; El Nino Southern Oscillation; arid rivers; non-stationarity ID SMALL MOUNTAINOUS RIVERS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; TIME-SERIES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WORLDS RIVERS; TRANSPORT; BASIN; DISCHARGE; EROSION; EVENTS AB Rivers display temporal dependence in suspended sediment-water discharge relationships. Although most work has focused on multi-decadal trends, river sediment behavior often displays sub-decadal scale fluctuations that have received little attention. The objectives of this study were to identify inter-annual to decadal scale fluctuations in the suspended sediment-discharge relationship of a dry-summer subtropical river, infer the mechanisms behind these fluctuations, and examine the role of El Nino Southern Oscillation climate cycles. The Salinas River (California) is a moderate sized (11 000km(2)), coastal dry-summer subtropical catchment with a mean discharge (Q(mean)) of 11.6m(3)s(-1). This watershed is located at the northern most extent of the Pacific coastal North America region that experiences increased storm frequency during El Nino years. Event to inter-annual scale suspended sediment behavior in this system was known to be influenced by antecedent hydrologic conditions, whereby previous hydrologic activity regulates the suspended sediment concentration-water discharge relationship. Fine and sand suspended sediment in the lower Salinas River exhibited persistent, decadal scale periods of positive and negative discharge corrected concentrations. The decadal scale variability in suspended sediment behavior was influenced by inter-annual to decadal scale fluctuations in hydrologic characteristics, including: elapsed time since small (0.1xQ(mean)), and moderate (10xQ(mean)) threshold discharge values, the number of preceding days that low/no flow occurred, and annual water yield. El Nino climatic activity was found to have little effect on decadal-scale fluctuations in the fine suspended sediment-discharge relationship due to low or no effect on the frequency of moderate to low discharge magnitudes, annual precipitation, and water yield. However, sand concentrations generally increased in El Nino years due to the increased frequency of moderate to high magnitude discharge events, which generally increase sand supply. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gray, Andrew B.; Pasternack, Gregory B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Watson, Elizabeth B.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. [Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Goni, Miguel A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gray, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM abgray@ucdavis.edu RI Pasternack, Gregory/B-8619-2012 OI Pasternack, Gregory/0000-0002-1977-4175 FU National Science Foundation [0628385]; Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group at the University of California at Davis; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [CA-D-LAW-7034-H] FX This research was funded largely by the National Science Foundation under award No. 0628385 and secondarily by the Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group at the University of California at Davis. This project was also supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project number #CA-D-LAW-7034-H. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. The authors thank Peter Barnes, Sarah Greve, Duyen Ho, Olivia Oseguera, Larissa Salaki, and the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve for laboratory and field assistance, and Rocko Brown for valuable discussion. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 40 IS 2 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.1002/esp.3627 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CA4UX UT WOS:000348902200009 ER PT J AU Vandeberg, GS Dixon, CS Vose, B Fisher, MR AF Vandeberg, Gregory S. Dixon, Cami S. Vose, Brian Fisher, Mark R. TI Spatial assessment of water quality in the vicinity of Lake Alice National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs); Water quality; Nutrients; North Dakota ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; LAND-COVER; RIVER-BASIN; WASTE-WATER; IMPACTS; GIS; ANTIBIOTICS; CATCHMENT; MANURE; DAIRY AB Runoff from concentrated animal feeding operations and croplands in the Upper Devils Lake Basin (Towner and Ramsey Counties), North Dakota, has the potential to impact the water quality and wildlife of the Lake Alice National Wildlife Refuge. Water samples were collected at eight locations upstream and downstream of the refuge, beginning in June 2007 through March 2011, to identify the spatial distribution of water quality parameters and assess the potential impacts from the upstream land use practices. Geographic Information Systems, statistical analysis, and regulatory standards were used to differentiate between sample locations, and identify potential impacts to water quality for the refuge based on 20 chemical constituents. KruskalWallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences between sample locations based on boron, calcium, Escherichia coli, phosphorus, aluminum, manganese, and nickel. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis of these constituents identified four distinct water quality groupings in the study area. Furthermore, this study found a significant positive correlation between the nutrient measures of nitrate-nitrite and total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and the percentage of concentrated animal feeding operation nutrient management areas using the non-parametric Spearman rho method. Significant correlations were also noted between total organic carbon and nearness to concentrated animal feeding operations. Finally, dissolved oxygen, pH, sulfate, E. coli, total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrite, and aluminum exceeded state of North Dakota and/or US Environmental Protection Agency water quality standards and/or guidelines. Elevated concentrations of phosphorus, nitrate-nitrite, and E. coli from upstream sources likely have the greatest potential impact on the Lake Alice Refuge. C1 [Vandeberg, Gregory S.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Geog, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Dixon, Cami S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Woodworth, ND 58496 USA. [Vose, Brian; Fisher, Mark R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Devils Lake, ND 58301 USA. RP Vandeberg, GS (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Geog, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gregory.vandeberg@und.edu; cami_dixon@fws.gov; brian_vose@fws.gov; mark_fisher@fws.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service [62580-7-J002, 601818J414]; North Dakota Department of Health; EPSCoR through National Science Foundation [EPS-0447679]; ND EPSCoR AURA Program FX This study was funded in part by the US Fish and Wildlife Service under agreements 62580-7-J002 and 601818J414; the North Dakota Department of Health, who provided laboratory analysis for many samples; and ND EPSCoR through National Science Foundation grant EPS-0447679 and the ND EPSCoR AURA Program. We would like to thank Mike Ell from the North Dakota Department of Health for his continual support and guidance on this project. We would also like to thank the many people who helped in gathering the field data including Sheri Anderson, Brooks Hansen, Mark Blore, Matthew Dinger, and Dusty Vanthuyne. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions greatly improved this paper. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 187 IS 2 AR 40 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4222-7 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA6HP UT WOS:000349012200040 PM 25632895 ER PT J AU Handel, CM Van Hemert, C AF Handel, Colleen M. Van Hemert, Caroline TI ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS AND CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH BEAK DEFORMITIES IN A RESIDENT NORTH AMERICAN PASSERINE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Beak deformity; Black-capped chickadee; Dioxin; Genotoxicity; Organochlorine pesticide; Polychlorinated biphenyl ID CHICKADEES POECILE-ATRICAPILLUS; AVIAN KERATIN DISORDER; PARUS-MAJOR; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; WILD BIRDS; GREAT TITS; EXPOSURE; EGGS; TRANSPORT; ALASKA AB A large cluster of beak abnormalities among black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in Alaska raised concern about underlying environmental factors in this region. Metals and trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD-Fs) were analyzed in adults, nestlings, and eggs of the affected population; local bird seed was also tested for organochlorine pesticides. The results offered no support for the hypothesis that selenium or any other inorganic element was responsible for beak deformities among chickadees, but some evidence that organochlorine compounds may be contributing factors. Adults with beak deformities had an elevated level of chromosomal damage, which was correlated with lipid level and concentrations of several organochlorine compounds. Multivariate analyses of pesticides and PCBs did not distinguish abnormal from normal adults, but subsequent univariate analysis demonstrated higher concentrations of heptachlor epoxide and PCB-123 in abnormal adults. Concentrations of all organochlorine compounds were low, and none is known to cause beak or keratin abnormalities. Patterns of PCB congener concentrations differed between nestlings with normal and abnormal parents. Eggs from clutches with low hatchability had higher concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and PCDD-Fs than those with high hatching success, and hexachlorobenzene was found in seeds. Additional testing for PCDD-Fs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other emerging contaminants, including brominated compounds, is needed to rule out environmental contaminants as a cause of beak deformities in chickadees in Alaska. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1-14. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Handel, Colleen M.; Van Hemert, Caroline] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Handel, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cmhandel@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU US Geological Survey; Environmental Contaminants Program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank J. Pearce and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on our manuscript. We thank K. Trust for assistance in study design, tissue collection, catalog preparation, and data interpretation. L. Pajot, S. Matsuoka, and M. Cady contributed significantly to field data collection, specimen preparation, and data management. M. Easton analyzed flow cytometry samples. We thank J. Stotts, N. Dau, S. Stroka, M. Speirs, B. Friest, C. Maack, C. Eldermire, T. Parsons, and J. Stout for field and laboratory assistance and A. Matz for statistical advice. D. Derksen, A. Rappoport, and P. Johnson provided essential support for our research. We are grateful to the the members of the public who granted access to their property and provided key observations of birds. The present study was funded by the US Geological Survey and the Environmental Contaminants Program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 314 EP 327 DI 10.1002/etc.2799 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CA6BU UT WOS:000348994200014 PM 25376148 ER PT J AU Sackett, DK Pow, CL Rubino, MJ Aday, DD Cope, WG Kullman, S Rice, JA Kwak, TJ Law, M AF Sackett, Dana K. Pow, Crystal Lee Rubino, Matthew J. Aday, D. Derek Cope, W. Gregory Kullman, Seth Rice, James A. Kwak, Thomas J. Law, Mac TI SOURCES OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS IN NORTH CAROLINA WATERWAYS: A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPROACH SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ecotoxicology; Endocrine disrupting compound; Estrogenicity; Geographic information system prediction; Surface water ID ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; WASTE-WATER; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; STEROID ESTROGENS; DIRECT PHOTOLYSIS; UNITED-STATES; FISH; EXPOSURE; USA; DEGRADATION AB The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), particularly estrogenic compounds, in the environment has drawn public attention across the globe, yet a clear understanding of the extent and distribution of estrogenic EDCs in surface waters and their relationship to potential sources is lacking. The objective of the present study was to identify and examine the potential input of estrogenic EDC sources in North Carolina water bodies using a geographic information system (GIS) mapping and analysis approach. Existing data from state and federal agencies were used to create point and nonpoint source maps depicting the cumulative contribution of potential sources of estrogenic EDCs to North Carolina surface waters. Water was collected from 33 sites (12 associated with potential point sources, 12 associated with potential nonpoint sources, and 9 reference), to validate the predictive results of the GIS analysis. Estrogenicity (measured as 17-estradiol equivalence) ranged from 0.06ng/L to 56.9ng/L. However, the majority of sites (88%) had water 17-estradiol concentrations below 1ng/L. Sites associated with point and nonpoint sources had significantly higher 17-estradiol levels than reference sites. The results suggested that water 17-estradiol was reflective of GIS predictions, confirming the relevance of landscape-level influences on water quality and validating the GIS approach to characterize such relationships. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1-9. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Sackett, Dana K.; Aday, D. Derek; Cope, W. Gregory; Rice, James A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pow, Crystal Lee; Kullman, Seth] N Carolina State Univ, Program Environm & Mol Toxicol, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rubino, Matthew J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Law, Mac] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Sackett, DK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM danas4@hawaii.edu FU North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) through Sport Fish Restoration Funds; North Carolina State University; NCWRC; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The present project was funded by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) through Sport Fish Restoration Funds. We thank the US Environmental Protection Agency, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, and the North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (NCDENR) for access to and assistance with data compilation. Special thanks go to C. McNutt and M. Fleahman of NCDENR. Additional thanks go to B. Tracy and C. Cranford of the North Carolina Division of Water Quality; C. Bryan of the Endangered Species Branch at Fort Bragg, NC; and P. Super of the Great Smokey Mountains National Park for assisting with site access and sampling. We also thank E. Yost for help with field sampling and laboratory analysis. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, NCWRC, US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1002/etc.2797 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CA6BU UT WOS:000348994200027 PM 25378272 ER PT J AU Monger, C Sala, OE Duniway, MC Goldfus, H Meir, IA Poch, RM Throop, HL Vivoni, ER AF Monger, Curtis Sala, Osvaldo E. Duniway, Michael C. Goldfus, Haim Meir, Isaac A. Poch, Rosa M. Throop, Heather L. Vivoni, Enrique R. TI Legacy effects in linked ecological-soil-geomorphic systems of drylands SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SEMIARID BASIN; PRECIPITATION; DEGRADATION; ECOSYSTEMS; ENCROACHMENT; PRODUCTIVITY; DIVERSITY; CARBONATE AB A legacy effect refers to the impacts that previous conditions have on current processes or properties. Legacies have been recognized by many disciplines, from physiology and ecology to anthropology and geology. Within the context of climatic change, ecological legacies in drylands (eg vegetative patterns) result from feedbacks between biotic, soil, and geomorphic processes that operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Legacy effects depend on (1) the magnitude of the original phenomenon, (2) the time since the occurrence of the phenomenon, and (3) the sensitivity of the ecological-soil-geomorphic system to change. Here we present a conceptual framework for legacy effects at short-term (days to months), medium-term (years to decades), and long-term (centuries to millennia) timescales, which reveals the ubiquity of such effects in drylands across research disciplines. C1 [Monger, Curtis] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Goldfus, Haim] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Archaeol Div, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Meir, Isaac A.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. [Poch, Rosa M.] Univ Lleida, Lleida, Spain. [Throop, Heather L.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Vivoni, Enrique R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Vivoni, Enrique R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Monger, C (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM cmonger@nmsu.edu RI Vivoni, Enrique/E-1202-2012; Poch, Rosa/O-2357-2014; Throop, Heather/D-6391-2012; OI Vivoni, Enrique/0000-0002-2659-9459; Poch, Rosa/0000-0001-8639-4204; Throop, Heather/0000-0002-7963-4342; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU US National Science Foundation through New Mexico State University [DEB 1235828] FX Funding was provided by the US National Science Foundation to the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program through New Mexico State University (DEB 1235828). Use of trade, product, or firm names is for information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government. We thank S Sidhu for creating Figure 4. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 10 U2 44 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 SI SI BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1890/140269 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA5UT UT WOS:000348974000003 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Okin, GS Duniway, MC Archer, SR Sayre, NF Williamson, JC Herrick, JE AF Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Okin, Gregory S. Duniway, Michael C. Archer, Steven R. Sayre, Nathan F. Williamson, Jebediah C. Herrick, Jeffrey E. TI Desertification, land use, and the transformation of global drylands SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; TRANSITION MODELS; SOIL QUALITY; COVER CHANGE; RANGELANDS; MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE; STATE; 21ST-CENTURY AB Desertification is an escalating concern in global drylands, yet assessments to guide management and policy responses are limited by ambiguity concerning the definition of "desertification" and what processes are involved. To improve clarity, we propose that assessments of desertification and land transformation be placed within a state change-land-use change (SC-LUC) framework. This framework considers desertification as state changes occurring within the context of particular land uses (eg rangeland, cropland) That interact with land-use change. State changes that can be readily reversed are distinguished from regime shifts, which are state changes involving persistent alterations to vegetation or soil properties. Pressures driving the transformation of rangelands to other types of land uses may be low, fluctuating, or high, and may influence and be influenced by state change. We discuss how the SC-LUC perspective can guide more effective assessment of desertification and management of drylands. C1 [Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Williamson, Jebediah C.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Archer, Steven R.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sayre, Nathan F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program [DEB-1235828]; USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range; Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station [ARZT- 1 360540-H1 2- 99] FX This contribution was supported by Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program (DEB-1235828) and the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range. SRA acknowledges support from the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station (ARZT- 1 360540-H1 2- 99). We thank DPC Peters for comments that improved the paper. NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 12 U2 75 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 SI SI BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1890/140162 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA5UT UT WOS:000348974000005 ER PT J AU Whitney, JW Breit, GN Buckingham, SE Reynolds, RL Bogle, RC Luo, L Goldstein, HL Vogel, JM AF Whitney, J. W. Breit, G. N. Buckingham, S. E. Reynolds, R. L. Bogle, R. C. Luo, L. Goldstein, H. L. Vogel, J. M. TI Aeolian responses to climate variability during the past century on Mesquite Lake Playa, Mojave Desert SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sandsheets; Winderosion; Sand cementation; PDO; Yardangs ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ENSO VARIABILITY; WHITE SANDS; DUST SOURCE; NEW-MEXICO; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; DUNE; YARDANGS AB The erosion and deposition of sediments by wind from 1901 to 2013 have created large changes in surface features of Mesquite Lake playa in the Mojave Desert. The decadal scale recurrence of sand-sheet development migration, and merging with older dunes appears related to decadal climatic changes of drought and wetness as recorded in the precipitation history of the Mojave Desert, complemented by modeled soil-moisture index values. Historical aerial photographs, repeat land photographs, and satellite images document the presence and northward migration of a mid-20th century sand sheet that formed during a severe regional drought that coincided with a multi-decadal cool phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The sand sheet slowly eroded during the wetter conditions of the subsequent PDO warm phase (1977-1998) due to a lack of added sediment. Sand cohesion gradually increased in the sand sheet by seasonal additions of salt and clay and by re-precipitation of gypsum, which resulted in the wind-carving of yardangs in the receding sand sheet. Smaller yardangs were aerodynamically shaped from coppice dunes with salt-clay crusts, and larger yardangs were carved along the walls and floor of trough blowouts. Evidence of a 19th century cycle of sand-sheet formation and erosion is indicated by remnants of yardangs, photographed in 1901 and 1916, that were found buried in the mid-20th century sand sheet Three years of erosion measurements on the playa, yardangs, and sand sheets document relatively rapid wind erosion. The playa has lowered 20 to 40 cm since the mid-20th century and a shallow deflation basin has developed since 1999. Annually, 5-10 cm of surface sediment was removed from yardang flanks by a combination of wind abrasion, deflation, and mass movement. The most effective erosional processes are wind stripping of thin crusts that form on the yardang surfaces after rain events and the slumping of sediment blocks from yardang flanks. These wind-eroded landforms persist several decades to a century before eroding away or being buried by younger sands. On Mesquite Lake playa the climatic history of alternating PDO phases of multi-decadal drought and wetness is recorded twice by the presence of yardangs formed nearly a century apart. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Whitney, J. W.; Breit, G. N.; Reynolds, R. L.; Goldstein, H. L.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bogle, R. C.; Vogel, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Luo, L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Whitney, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jwhitney@usgs.gov; gbreit@usgs.gov; sbuckingham@colorado.edu; rreynolds@usgs.gov; rbogle@usgs.gov; lluo@msu.edu; hgolstein@usgs.gov; jvogel@usgs.gov OI Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change program FX Plants were identified by L Strickland and R. Thompson. Particle size analyses were performed by E. Fisher and XRD mineralogy analyses by G. Skipp. Graphics were created by J. Havens and D. Van Sistine. We thank M. Reheis, J. Yount, A. Hudson, and R. Bryant for field discussions. R. Madole, R. Schumann and two anonymous reviewers provided careful and useful reviews. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 230 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.024 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CA5QU UT WOS:000348963700002 ER PT J AU Black, BA Dunham, JB Blundon, BW Brim-Box, J Tepley, AJ AF Black, Bryan A. Dunham, Jason B. Blundon, Brett W. Brim-Box, Jayne Tepley, Alan J. TI Long-term growth-increment chronologies reveal diverse influences of climate forcing on freshwater and forest biota in the Pacific Northwest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; freshwater mussels; river discharge; sclerochronology; winter climate ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; STREAMFLOW TRENDS; DRIVEN SYNCHRONY; TREE; VARIABILITY; MUSSELS; AMERICA; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; SNOWPACK AB Analyses of how organisms are likely to respond to a changing climate have focused largely on the direct effects of warming temperatures, though changes in other variables may also be important, particularly the amount and timing of precipitation. Here, we develop a network of eight growth-increment width chronologies for freshwater mussel species in the Pacific Northwest, United States and integrate them with tree-ring data to evaluate how terrestrial and aquatic indicators respond to hydroclimatic variability, including river discharge and precipitation. Annual discharge averaged across water years (October 1-September 30) was highly synchronous among river systems and imparted a coherent pattern among mussel chronologies. The leading principal component of the five longest mussel chronologies (1982-2003; PC1(mussel)) accounted for 47% of the dataset variability and negatively correlated with the leading principal component of river discharge (PC1(discharge); r=-0.88; P<0.0001). PC1(mussel) and PC1(discharge) were closely linked to regional wintertime precipitation patterns across the Pacific Northwest, the season in which the vast majority of annual precipitation arrives. Mussel growth was also indirectly related to tree radial growth, though the nature of the relationships varied across the landscape. Negative correlations occurred in forests where tree growth tends to be limited by drought while positive correlations occurred in forests where tree growth tends to be limited by deep or lingering snowpack. Overall, this diverse assemblage of chronologies illustrates the importance of winter precipitation to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and suggests that a complexity of climate responses must be considered when estimating the biological impacts of climate variability and change. C1 [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Blundon, Brett W.] Eugene Dist, Bur Land Management, Springfield, OR 97477 USA. [Brim-Box, Jayne] Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Tepley, Alan J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM bryan.black@utexas.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; OI Tepley, Alan/0000-0002-5701-9613 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This study was funded by support from the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. We are grateful to the contributors of the International Tree-ring Databank and thank J. Jones and F. Swanson for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Use of trade or firm names in this document is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 21 IS 2 BP 594 EP 604 DI 10.1111/gcb.12756 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA1DE UT WOS:000348652400009 PM 25258169 ER PT J AU Speckman, HN Frank, JM Bradford, JB Miles, BL Massman, WJ Parton, WJ Ryan, MG AF Speckman, Heather N. Frank, John M. Bradford, John B. Miles, Brianna L. Massman, William J. Parton, William J. Ryan, Michael G. TI Forest ecosystem respiration estimated from eddy covariance and chamber measurements under high turbulence and substantial tree mortality from bark beetles SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; chambers; disturbance; EC; ecosystem respiration; respiration modeling; soil efflux; turbulence; u* filtering ID ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; SOIL RESPIRATION; CARBON EXCHANGE; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; BLACK SPRUCE; CO2 EXCHANGE; WOODY-TISSUE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS AB Eddy covariance nighttime fluxes are uncertain due to potential measurement biases. Many studies report eddy covariance nighttime flux lower than flux from extrapolated chamber measurements, despite corrections for low turbulence. We compared eddy covariance and chamber estimates of ecosystem respiration at the GLEES Ameriflux site over seven growing seasons under high turbulence [summer night mean friction velocity (u*)=0.7ms(-1)], during which bark beetles killed or infested 85% of the aboveground respiring biomass. Chamber-based estimates of ecosystem respiration during the growth season, developed from foliage, wood, and soil CO2 efflux measurements, declined 35% after 85% of the forest basal area had been killed or impaired by bark beetles (from 7.1 +/- 0.22molm(-2)s(-1) in 2005 to 4.6 +/- 0.16molm(-2)s(-1) in 2011). Soil efflux remained at 3.3molm(-2)s(-1) throughout the mortality, while the loss of live wood and foliage and their respiration drove the decline of the chamber estimate. Eddy covariance estimates of fluxes at night remained constant over the same period, 3.0molm(-2)s(-1) for both 2005 (intact forest) and 2011 (85% basal area killed or impaired). Eddy covariance fluxes were lower than chamber estimates of ecosystem respiration (60% lower in 2005, and 32% in 2011), but the mean night estimates from the two techniques were correlated within a year (r(2) from 0.18 to 0.60). The difference between the two techniques was not the result of inadequate turbulence, because the results were robust to a u* filter of >0.7ms(-1). The decline in the average seasonal difference between the two techniques was strongly correlated with overstory leaf area (r(2)=0.92). The discrepancy between methods of respiration estimation should be resolved to have confidence in ecosystem carbon flux estimates. C1 [Speckman, Heather N.; Parton, William J.; Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Speckman, Heather N.; Parton, William J.; Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Speckman, Heather N.; Frank, John M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Speckman, Heather N.; Frank, John M.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Frank, John M.; Massman, William J.; Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Miles, Brianna L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Speckman, HN (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hspeckma@uwyo.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 FU US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station through the Forest Service National Climate Change Program; NASA [CARBON/04-0225-0191]; CSIRO's McMaster Fellowship FX We thank Raechel Owens, Erik Skeie, Chase Jones, and Lance Asherin for data collection and Ben Bird, Kristen Scott, and Kurt Speckman for assistance with data analysis and prose. This research was funded by US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station through the Forest Service National Climate Change Program. Plot data collection, including soil respiration prior to 2010 was funded by NASA grants CARBON/04-0225-0191. Further thanks to A. Scott Denning and Jay Ham MG Ryan acknowledges the support of CSIRO's McMaster Fellowship during manuscript preparation. NR 91 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 21 IS 2 BP 708 EP 721 DI 10.1111/gcb.12731 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA1DE UT WOS:000348652400018 PM 25205425 ER PT J AU Yang, LQ Deng, J Qiu, KF Ji, XZ Santosh, M Song, KR Song, YH Geng, JZ Zhang, C Hua, B AF Yang, Li-Qiang Deng, Jun Qiu, Kun-Feng Ji, Xing-Zhong Santosh, M. Song, Kai-Rui Song, Yao-Hui Geng, Jian-Zhen Zhang, Chuang Hua, Bei TI Magma mixing and crust-mantle interaction in the Triassic monzogranites of Bikou Terrane, central China: Constraints from petrology, geochemistry, and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic systematics SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Monzogranite; Mafic microgranular enclaves; Zircon Hf isotope; U-Pb geochronology; Zoning plagioclase; Magma mixing ID MAFIC MICROGRANULAR ENCLAVES; QINLING OROGENIC BELT; DAMOQUJIA GOLD DEPOSIT; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; LACHLAN FOLD BELT; S-TYPE GRANITES; SOUTH CHINA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; NORTHEAST CHINA AB Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are common in the monzogranites from the Yangba pluton in the Bikou Terrane of central China. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yields ages of 208.7 +/- 0.7 Ma and 209.3 +/- 0.9 Ma for the host monzogranites, and 211.9 +/- 0.8 Ma for the MMEs, indicating formation from coeval magmas. The field occurrence and textures including spheroidal shapes, transitional contacts, igneous mineral assemblages, acicular apatites, and oscillatory zoning with repeated resorption surfaces in plagioclase, indicate that the MMEs crystallized from mafic magma that was injected into and mingled with the host felsic magma. The host monzogranites are intermediate-felsic, metaluminous, and lack typical peraluminous minerals or alkaline mafic minerals, suggesting their I-type affinity. The monzogranites display depletion in high field strength elements, with Nb and Ta anomalies, and enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements (LREE), with slightly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/ Eu* = 0.72-0.93). The MMEs from the Yangba pluton are intermediate, metaluminous, and have higher K2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3T, MgO, Ni, and Cr contents than the pluton. The MMEs also display much higher total rare earth element (REE) concentrations and REE patterns that are sub-parallel to those of the host rocks, enrichments in Rb, Th, U, K, and LREE, and depletions in Ba, Nb, Ta, and Ti. These features are similar to those of the host rocks, indicating crust-mantle interaction during their petrogenesis. Zircons from the MMEs have highly variable epsilon(Hf)(t) values (-5.5 to +8.7) with corresponding two-stage Hf model ages (T-DM2) of 1.14 to 1.42 Ga, indicating they were derived from depleted mantle with crustal contamination. In contrast, zircons from host monzogranite show epsilon(Hf)(t) values ranging from 1.7 to +2.7, with T-Dm2 of 1.13 to 1.21 Ga, corresponding to that of the basement rocks in the Bikou Terrane, which indicates that these granitic magmas were probably derived from the Neoproterozoic juvenile lower crust with minor contribution of Mesoproterozoic ancient lower crust. The integrated petrology and elemental and isotopic geochemistry suggest that the MMEs and host monzogranites were generated by the interaction of a granitic magma and a mafic magma in the lower crust. We envisage that Neoproterozoic subcontinental lithosphere mantle-derived mafic magma intruded the lower continental crust during Late Triassic, following the Late Permian to Early Triassic collision between the South China and North China Blocks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Li-Qiang; Deng, Jun; Qiu, Kun-Feng; Ji, Xing-Zhong; Santosh, M.; Song, Kai-Rui; Song, Yao-Hui; Zhang, Chuang; Hua, Bei] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Kun-Feng] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Geng, Jian-Zhen] Tianjin Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Tianjin 300170, Peoples R China. RP Yang, LQ (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, 29 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM lqyang@cugb.edu.cn; djun@cugb.edu.cn RI Santosh, M/B-2563-2012 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421008]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41030423]; Public Welfare Scientific Research [201411048]; 111 Project [B07011]; Geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey [1212011121090]; China Scholarship Council FX This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421008), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41030423), the Public Welfare Scientific Research Funding (Grant No. 201411048), the 111 Project (Grant No. B07011), the Geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 1212011121090) and China Scholarship Council. NR 170 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1367-9120 EI 1878-5786 J9 J ASIAN EARTH SCI JI J. Asian Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 98 BP 320 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.11.023 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA5NT UT WOS:000348955800026 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Hay, LE Bock, A Markstrom, SL Atkinson, RD AF McCabe, Gregory J. Hay, Lauren E. Bock, Andy Markstrom, Steven L. Atkinson, R. Dwight TI Inter-annual and spatial variability of Hamon potential evapotranspiration model coefficients SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Potential evapotranspiration; Hamon; Water balance; Surface water hydrology ID WATER-BALANCE; CLIMATE; EVAPORATION; INDEX AB Monthly calibrated values of the Hamon PET coefficient (C) are determined for 109,951 hydrologic response units (HRUs) across the conterminous United States (U.S.). The calibra