FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hayes, MC Rubin, SP Reisenbichler, RR Wetzel, LA AF Hayes, Michael C. Rubin, Stephen P. Reisenbichler, Reginald R. Wetzel, Lisa A. TI Migratory Behavior of Chinook Salmon Microjacks Reared in Artificial and Natural Environments SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hatchery; microjacks; migration; precocious; volitional ID PRECOCIOUS MALE MATURATION; FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON; MATURE MALE PARR; BODY-SIZE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; HATCHERY PROGRAM; LIFE-HISTORIES; YAKIMA RIVER; SALAR L.; POPULATION AB Emigration was evaluated for hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) microjacks (age-1 mature males) and immature parr (age-1 juveniles, both sexes) released from both a hatchery and a natural stream (fish released as fry). In the hatchery, volitional releases (similar to 14 to 15 months post-fertilization) to an adjacent river occurred during October-November. The hatchery release was monitored by using an experimental volitional release that diverted fish to a neighboring raceway. Fish captured during the experimental release (range 361-4,321 volitional migrants) were made up of microjacks and immature parr. Microjacks were found only in the migrant samples, averaged 18% (range 0-52%) of all migrants, and were rarely found in non-migrant samples. In comparison, immature parr were common in both the migrant and non-migrant samples. Microjacks were significantly longer (9%), heavier (36%), and had a greater condition factor (16%) than migrant immature parr (P < 0.01). In addition, they differed significantly (P < 0.01) from non-migrant immature parr; 10% longer, 44% heavier and 14% greater condition factor. In natural streams, microjacks were captured significantly earlier (P < 0.01) than immature parr during the late-summer/ fall migration and comprised 9-89% of all fish captured. Microjacks have the potential to contribute to natural spawning populations but can also represent a loss of productivity to hatchery programs or create negative effects by introducing non-native genes to wild populations and should be monitored by fishery managers. C1 [Hayes, Michael C.; Rubin, Stephen P.; Reisenbichler, Reginald R.; Wetzel, Lisa A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hayes, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mhayes@usgs.gov OI HAYES, MICHAEL/0000-0002-9060-0565 FU Bonneville Power Administration [DE-AI79-91BP17760, 90-052]; U.S. Geological Survey FX The collection of field data was completed thanks to the assistance of numerous permanent and seasonal staff from the U.S. Geological Survey. Sampling could not have been completed without the cooperation of hatchery staff from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The manuscript was greatly improved by reviews from Patrick Connolly (U.S. Geological Survey) and reviewers from the Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management. Data presented in this paper were partly funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI79-91BP17760, Project No. 90-052) and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 176 EP 186 DI 10.3996/022014-JFWM-013 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400014 ER PT J AU Howe, KB Coates, PS AF Howe, Kristy B. Coates, Peter S. TI Observations of Territorial Breeding Common Ravens Caching Eggs of Greater Sage-Grouse SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cache; Centrocercus urophasianus; common raven; Corvus corax; eggs; greater sage-grouse ID NEST PREDATION; CORVUS-CORAX; SAGEBRUSH ECOSYSTEM; HABITAT; SUCCESS; FOOD; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Previous investigations using continuous video monitoring of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus nests have unambiguously identified common ravens Corvus corax as an important egg predator within the western United States. The quantity of greater sage-grouse eggs an individual common raven consumes during the nesting period and the extent to which common ravens actively hunt greater sage-grouse nests are largely unknown. However, some evidence suggests that territorial breeding common ravens, rather than nonbreeding transients, are most likely responsible for nest depredations. We describe greater sage-grouse egg depredation observations obtained opportunistically from three common raven nests located in Idaho and Nevada where depredated greater sage-grouse eggs were found at or in the immediate vicinity of the nest site, including the caching of eggs in nearby rock crevices. We opportunistically monitored these nests by counting and removing depredated eggs and shell fragments from the nest sites during each visit to determine the extent to which the common raven pairs preyed on greater sage-grouse eggs. To our knowledge, our observations represent the first evidence that breeding, territorial pairs of common ravens cache greater sage-grouse eggs and are capable of depredating multiple greater sage-grouse nests. C1 [Howe, Kristy B.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Howe, Kristy B.; Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Howe, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM howekri2@isu.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Department of Energy; Wildlife Conservation Society; Nevada Department of Wildlife; Idaho State University FX This project was possible through financial support from Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of Energy, Wildlife Conservation Society, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and Idaho State University. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.3996/042014-JFWM-030 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400015 ER PT J AU Von Bargen, J Smith, CT Rueth, J AF Von Bargen, Jennifer Smith, Christian T. Rueth, John TI Development of a Chinook Salmon Sex Identification SNP Assay Based on the Growth Hormone Pseudogene SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; sex identification; Taqman assay; winter-run ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA-RIVER; GENETIC SEX; MARKER; PCR AB Genotypic sex identification assays can provide valuable information about fish populations when phenotypic sex determination is difficult. Here we describe the development of a TaqManH (R) assay (Ots_SexID) designed to identify the genotypic sex by targeting a region previously examined in the growth hormone pseudogene for winter-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) collected from the Sacramento River and spawned at the Livingston Stone National Fish Hatchery. Accuracy of the marker was assessed by comparing genotypic sex assignments for Chinook salmon spawned at Livingston Stone National Fish hatchery in 2012 (n = 84) with phenotypic sex recorded during spawning. Genotypic sex was observed to be concordant with phenotypic sex identified using Ots_SexID in 83/84 individuals, suggesting that the assay could be used to predict phenotypic sex with similar to 99% accuracy. To evaluate the utility of the TaqMan assay in other parts of the species' range, we examined collections from 29 other populations ranging from Alaska to California. Genotypic sex assignments based on the assay were generally concordant with observed phenotypes, but there were some strong exceptions. These results suggest that the new assay will be very useful for Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon, but also highlight the importance of thoroughly testing any genotypic sex identification assay before application in a population of interest. C1 [Von Bargen, Jennifer; Smith, Christian T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Appl Res Program Conservat Genet, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Rueth, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Livingston Stone Natl Fish Hatchery, Shasta Lake, CA 96019 USA. RP Von Bargen, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Appl Res Program Conservat Genet, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Washington, DC USA. EM jennifer_vonbargen@fws.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was done within the context of a larger collaboration among staff at Red Bluff Fish and Wildlife Office, Coleman National Fish Hatchery, LSNFH, and Abernathy Fish Technology Center, and would not have been possible without the contributions of all. In particular, we thank Beau Hopkins, Robert Null, Laura Mahoney, Kevin Niemela, and Scott Hamelberg for their support of this work. Ken Warheit (Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife) provided aliquots of DNA representing the Genetic Analysis of Pacific Salmon Consortium's core populations. Patricia Crandell, two reviewers, and the Subject Editor provided helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.3996/012014-JFWM-004 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400019 ER PT J AU King, RS McKann, PC Gray, BR Putnam, MS AF King, Richard S. McKann, Patrick C. Gray, Brian R. Putnam, Michael S. TI Host-Parasite Behavioral Interactions in a Recently Introduced, Whooping Crane Population SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE introduction; comfort behaviors; black flies; nesting; central Wisconsin; whooping crane; sandhill crane ID DAVIES DIPTERA-SIMULIIDAE; GRUS-AMERICANA; BIRDS; ENVIRONMENT; SUCCESS AB The whooping crane Grus americana has a long conservation history, but despite multiple attempts across North America, introduction success is lacking. Recently introduced, captively reared whooping cranes have had periods of poor reproductive performance in central Wisconsin that sometimes coincided with black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) emergences. Sandhill crane Grus canadensis reproductive performance in central Wisconsin is approximately double that of whooping cranes. We used comfort behaviors as a measure of black fly harassment to infer whether behavioral differences existed between nesting sandhill cranes and nesting whooping cranes and between successful and unsuccessful whooping crane pairs. To further explore the interaction between black flies and incubating whooping cranes, we examined differences in behaviors between incubating birds and their off-nest mates. Compared to their off-nest mates, incubating whooping cranes exhibited elevated comfort behaviors, suggesting a bird at a nest may experience greater harassment from black flies. Sandhill cranes had elevated head-flicks over whooping cranes. Whooping cranes exhibited more head-rubs than sandhill cranes, and successful whooping crane pairs had elevated head-rubs over pairs that deserted their nests. Behavioral differences between sandhill cranes and whooping cranes as well as differences in reproductive performance, could be explained by exposure to local breeding conditions. Whereas sandhill cranes have nested in the area for hundreds, if not thousands, of years, whooping cranes were only recently introduced to the area. Behavioral differences between the species as well as those between successful and unsuccessful whooping crane pairs could also be explained by the effect of captive exposure, which could affect all whooping crane introductions. C1 [King, Richard S.] Necedah Natl Wildlife Refuge, Necedah, WI 54646 USA. [McKann, Patrick C.; Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Putnam, Michael S.] Int Crane Fdn, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. RP King, RS (reprint author), Upper Mississippi River Natl Wildlife & Fish Refu, 401 Business Highway 18 North, McGregor, IA 52157 USA. EM richard_king@fws.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture/U.S. Department of Agriculture [SC-1700433]; Operation Migration; Technical Contribution of the Clemson University Experiment Station [6075] FX We thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, International Crane Foundation, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Natural Resource Foundation of Wisconsin, Windway Capital Corporation, Clemson University (supported in part by National Institute of Food and Agriculture/U.S. Department of Agriculture under project SC-1700433; Technical Contribution 6075 of the Clemson University Experiment Station), and Operation Migration for providing financial support, in-kind services to make this research possible, or both. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.3996/042014-JFWM-032 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400020 ER PT J AU Bui, TVD Takekawa, JY Overton, CT Schultz, ER Hull, JM Casazza, ML AF Bui, Thuy-Vy D. Takekawa, John Y. Overton, Cory T. Schultz, Emily R. Hull, Joshua M. Casazza, Michael L. TI Movements of Radio-Marked California Ridgway's Rails During Monitoring Surveys: Implications for Population Monitoring SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California Ridgway's rail; call-count survey; radiotelemetry; monitoring; endangered species recovery ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; RALLUS-LONGIROSTRIS-OBSOLETUS; CALL-RESPONSE SURVEYS; CLAPPER RAILS; CONTAMINATION AB The California Ridgway's rail Rallus obsoletus obsoletus (hereafter California rail) is a secretive marsh bird endemic to tidal marshes in the San Francisco Bay (hereafter bay) of California. The California rail has undergone significant range contraction and population declines due to a variety of factors, including predation and the degradation and loss of habitat. Call-count surveys, which include call playbacks, based on the standardized North American marsh bird monitoring protocol have been conducted throughout the bay since 2005 to monitor population size and distribution of the California rail. However, call-count surveys are difficult to evaluate for efficacy or accuracy. To measure the accuracy of call-count surveys and investigate whether radio-marked California rails moved in response to call-count surveys, we compared locations of radio-marked California rails collected at frequent intervals (15 min) to California rail detections recorded during call-count surveys conducted over the same time periods. Overall, 60% of radio-marked California rails within 200 m of observers were not detected during call-count surveys. Movements of radio-marked California rails showed no directional bias (P = 0.92) irrespective of whether or not playbacks of five marsh bird species (including the California rail) were broadcast from listening stations. Our findings suggest that playbacks of rail vocalizations do not consistently influence California rail movements during surveys. However, call-count surveys may underestimate California rail presence; therefore, caution should be used when relating raw numbers of call-count detections to population abundance. C1 [Bui, Thuy-Vy D.; Schultz, Emily R.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Overton, Cory T.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Hull, Joshua M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bui, TVD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM tbui@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU Federal Endangered Species Act Traditional Section 6 Grant; California Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Our work was made possible by funding from the Federal Endangered Species Act Traditional Section 6 Grant and through collaboration with S. Estrella from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 20 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.3996/092014-JFWM-069 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400021 ER PT J AU Walsh, P Kaufman, D McDaniel, T Beeman, JC AF Walsh, Patrick Kaufman, Darrell McDaniel, Tess Beeman, Jai Chowdhry TI Historical Retreat of Alpine Glaciers in the Ahklun Mountains, Western Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ahklun Mountains; Alaska; glaciers; recession ID SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA; SEA-LEVEL AB The Ahklun Mountains support the only extant glaciers in southwestern Alaska north of the Alaska Peninsula. The glaciers were originally mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey using photogrammetry methods based on 1972-1973 aerial photos. We surveyed for presence or absence of the glaciers by fixed-wing aircraft in 2006. Of 109 glaciers originally mapped, 10 (9%) had disappeared. Using aerial imagery of a subset of 76 glaciers at three time steps between 1957 and 2009, we determined the average rate of areal loss was 45% over 52 y. At this rate, it is likely that all Ahklun Mountain glaciers will be extinguished by the end of the current century. C1 [Walsh, Patrick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Togiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. [Kaufman, Darrell; McDaniel, Tess; Beeman, Jai Chowdhry] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Walsh, P (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Togiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 270, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. EM patrick_walsh@fws.gov RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham, Alaska; National Science Foundation FX This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham, Alaska, and the National Science Foundation. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.3996/012014-JFWM-008 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400024 ER PT J AU Soster, FM Matisoff, G Schloesser, DW Edwards, WJ AF Soster, Frederick M. Matisoff, Gerald Schloesser, Donald W. Edwards, William J. TI Potential impact of Chironomus plumosus larvae on hypolimnetic oxygen in the central basin of Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chironomid; Microelectrode; Oxygen; Sediment; Hypoxia; Anoxia ID HEXAGENIA SPP.; SEDIMENTS; DEMAND; DEPLETION; MACROFAUNA; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; INSECTS; MODELS AB Previous studies have indicated that burrow-irrigating infauna can increase sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and impact hypolimnetic oxygen in stratified lakes. We conducted laboratory microcosm experiments and computer simulations with larvae of the burrowing benthic midge Chironomus plumosus to quantify burrow oxygen uptake rates and subsequent contribution to sediment oxygen demand in central Lake Erie. Burrow oxygen uptake and water flow velocities through burrows were measured using oxygen microelectrodes and hot film anemometry, respectively. Burrow oxygen consumption averaged 2.66 x 10(-10) (SE = +/- 7.82 x 10(-11)) mol O-2/burrow/s at 24 degrees C and 9.64 x 10(-10) (SE = +/- 4.86 x 10(-10)) mol O-2/burrow/s at 15 degrees C. In sealed microcosm experiments, larvae increased SOD 500% at 24 degrees C (density = 1508/m(2)) and 375% at 15 degrees C (density = 864/m(2)). To further evaluate effects of densities of C. plumosus burrows on SOD we developed a 3-D transport reaction model of the process. Using experimental data and chironomid abundance data in faunal surveys in 2009 and 2010, we estimated that bioirrigation by a population of 140 larvae/m(2) could account for between 2.54 x 10(-11) mol/L/s (model results) and 5.58 x 10(-11) mol/L/s (experimental results) of the average 4.22 x 10(-11) mol/L/s oxygen depletion rate between 1970 and 2003, which could have accounted for 60-132% of the oxygen decline. At present, it appears that the population density of this species may be an important factor in development of hypoxic or anoxic conditions in central Lake Erie. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Soster, Frederick M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Geosci, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Matisoff, Gerald] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Schloesser, Donald W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Edwards, William J.] Niagara Univ, Dept Biol, Lewiston, NY 14109 USA. RP Soster, FM (reprint author), Depauw Univ, Dept Geosci, 602 South Coll Ave, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. EM fsoster@depauw.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [ER-1750]; United States Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS; DePauw University Joan M. Battey Faculty Fellowship FX We thank Christina Wildt and Kate Welch for their help with some of the fieldwork and laboratory work. Model development was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Project ER-1750, United States Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. Support for work on this project for FMS was provided by a DePauw University Joan M. Battey Faculty Fellowship. We are grateful for editorial suggestions from Ashley Baldridge and two anonymous reviewers, which significantly improved the manuscript. This is contribution number 1923 of the Great Lakes Science Center, USGS, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000005 ER PT J AU Anderson, KR Chapman, DC Wynne, TT Masagounder, K Paukert, CP AF Anderson, Karl R. Chapman, Duane C. Wynne, Timothy T. Masagounder, Karthik Paukert, Craig P. TI Suitability of Lake Erie for bigheaded carps based on bioenergetic models and remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Microcystis; Bioenergetics; Asian carp; Invasive species ID HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX VAL; SUBTROPICAL CHINESE LAKE; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FILTER-FEEDING FISHES; SILVER CARP; WATER-QUALITY; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; PLANKTIVOROUS FISHES; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; NOBILIS RICHARDSON AB Algal blooms in the Great Lakes are a potential food source for silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis; together bigheaded carps). Understanding these blooms thus plays an important role in understanding the invasion potential of bigheaded carps. We used remote sensing imagery, temperatures, and improved species specific bioenergetics models to determine algal concentrations sufficient for adult bigheaded carps. Depending on water temperature we found that bigheaded carp require between 2 and 7 mu g/L chlorophyll or between 0.3 and 1.26 x 10(5) cells/mL Microcystis to maintain body weight. Algal concentrations in the western basin and shoreline were found to be commonly several times greater than the concentrations required for weight maintenance. The remote sensing images show that area of sufficient algal foods commonly encompassed several hundred square kilometers to several thousands of square kilometers when blooms form. From 2002 to 2011, mean algal concentrations increased 273%-411%. This indicates Lake Erie provides increasingly adequate planktonic algal food for bigheaded carps. The water temperatures and algal concentrations detected in Lake Erie from 2008 to 2012 support positive growth rates such that a 4 kg silver carp could gain between 19 and 57% of its body weight in a year. A 5 kg bighead carp modeled at the same water temperatures could gain 20-81% of their body weight in the same period. The remote sensing imagery and bioenergetic models suggest that bigheaded carps would not be food limited if they invaded Lake Erie. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Anderson, Karl R.; Chapman, Duane C.; Masagounder, Karthik] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Wynne, Timothy T.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Anderson, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM karlanderson@usgs.gov FU Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; US Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Curt Byrd, Joe Deters, Amy George, Gabe Nichols, Shannon Earhart, and Kathy Echols for the lab and computer assistance. We thank Dr. Jeffre Firman, Whitney Mahoney, and Elizabeth McGill with the calorie bomb calculations and assistance, and Steve Chipps for the input on the manuscript We thank Dr. James T. Lamer (Western Illinois University) for the fish specimens. MERIS imagery was provided by the European Space Agency (Category-1 Proposal C1P.9975). The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, The University of Missouri, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.029 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000006 ER PT J AU Amberg, JJ McCalla, SG Monroe, E Lance, R Baerwaldt, K Gaikowski, MP AF Amberg, Jon J. McCalla, S. Grace Monroe, Emy Lance, Richard Baerwaldt, Kelly Gaikowski, Mark P. TI Improving efficiency and reliability of environmental DNA analysis for silver carp SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eDNA; Asian carp; Invasive species; Bighead carp; Silver carp ID WATER SAMPLES; EXTRACTION; ABUNDANCE; KITS; PCR AB Natural resource agencies have established surveillance programs which use environmental DNA (eDNA) for the early detection of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix before they establish populations within the Great Lakes. This molecular monitoring technique must be highly accurate and precise for confident interpretation and also efficient, both in detection threshold and cost. Therefore, we compared two DNA extraction techniques and compared a new quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay with the conventional PCR (cPCR) assay used by monitoring programs. Both the qPCR and cPCR assays were able to amplify the DNA of silver carp present in environmental samples taken from locations where mixed populations of bigheaded carps existed. However, the qPCR assay had substantially fewer PCR positive samples which were subsequently determined not to contain DNA of bigheaded carps than the cPCR assay. Additionally, the qPCR assay was able to amplify the DNA of bigheaded carps even in the presence of inhibitors that blocked amplification with cPCR. Also, the selection of an appropriate DNA extraction method can significantly alter the efficiency of eDNA surveillance programs by lowering detection limits and by decreasing costs associated with sample processing. The results reported herein are presently being incorporated into eDNA surveillance programs to decrease the costs, increase DNA yield and increase the confidence that assays are amplifying the target DNA. These results are critical to enhancing our ability to accurately and confidently interpret the results reported from monitoring programs using eDNA for early detection of invasive species. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Amberg, Jon J.; McCalla, S. Grace; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Monroe, Emy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Resource Ctr, Whitney Genet Lab, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Lance, Richard] US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Baerwaldt, Kelly] US Army Corps Engineers, Rock Isl, IL 61204 USA. RP Amberg, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jamberg@usgs.gov OI McCalla, S. Grace/0000-0003-4292-8694; Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [DW14958229010] FX This project was funded through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (DW14958229010) and was part of the Environmental DNA Calibration Study managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The authors thank Dr. Peter Sorensen and staff of the University of Minnesota, Dr. Loren Miller and staff of Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Byron Karns of the National Park Service and James Lamer of Western Illinois University for collecting and processing water samples from Square Lake and below Lock and Dan 19 on the Mississippi River. The authors also thank the staffs of the molecular laboratory of the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, USFWS Whitney Genetics Laboratory, and the Environmental Laboratory at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center for helping to collect, process and analyze samples. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000007 ER PT J AU Garcia, T Murphy, EA Jackson, PR Garcia, MH AF Garcia, Tatiana Murphy, Elizabeth A. Jackson, P. Ryan Garcia, Marcelo H. TI Application of the FluEgg model to predict transport of Asian carp eggs in the Saint Joseph River (Great Lakes tributary) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FluEgg; Saint Joseph River; Invasive species; Asian carp eggs; Spawning; Hatching risk; Great Lakes ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; HATCHING SUCCESS; WATER HARDNESS; BIGHEAD CARP; SIZE; SUITABILITY; DISPERSION; BUOYANCY AB The Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator (FluEgg) is a three-dimensional Lagrangian model that simulates the movement and development of Asian carp eggs until hatching based on the physical characteristics of the flow field and the physical and biological characteristics of the eggs. This tool provides information concerning egg development and spawning habitat suitability including: egg plume location, egg vertical and travel time distribution, and egg-hatching risk. A case study of the simulation of Asian carp eggs in the Lower Saint Joseph River, a tributary of Lake Michigan, is presented. The river hydrodynamic input for FluEgg was generated in two ways using hydroacoustic data and using HEC-RAS model data. The HEC-RAS model hydrodynamic input data were used to simulate 52 scenarios covering a broad range of flows and water temperatures with the eggs at risk of hatching ranging from 0 to 93% depending on river conditions. FluEgg simulations depict the highest percentage of eggs at risk of hatching occurs at the lowest discharge and at peak water temperatures. Analysis of these scenarios illustrates how the interactive relation among river length, hydrodynamics, and water temperature influence egg transport and hatching risk. An improved version of FluEgg, which more realistically simulates dispersion and egg development, is presented. Also presented is a graphical user interface that facilitates the use of FluEgg and provides a set of post-processing analysis tools to support management decision-making regarding the prevention and control of Asian carp reproduction in rivers with or without Asian carp populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Garcia, Tatiana; Garcia, Marcelo H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Garcia, Tatiana; Murphy, Elizabeth A.; Jackson, P. Ryan] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Garcia, Marcelo H.] Natl Great Rivers Res & Educ Ctr, East Alton, IL 62024 USA. RP Garcia, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tgarcia@usgs.gov; emurphy@usgs.gov; pjackson@usgs.gov; mhgarcia@illinois.edu OI Jackson, P. Ryan/0000-0002-3154-6108 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant (IISG) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and the Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant (IISG). Special thanks to to Professor Albert J. Valocchi for useful discussions and comments on egg travel time. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 374 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000008 ER PT J AU Parker, AD Glover, DC Finney, ST Rogers, PB Stewart, JG Simmonds, RL AF Parker, Aaron D. Glover, David C. Finney, Samuel T. Rogers, P. Bradley Stewart, Jeffrey G. Simmonds, Robert L., Jr. TI Direct observations of fish incapacitation rates at a large electrical fish barrier in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Asian carp; Invasive species; Bighead carp; Silver carp; Navigation ID GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ROUND GOBY; MOVEMENT; CARP; NAVIGATION; ENTRAINMENT; PROPELLERS; MORTALITY AB The electric barrier system in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal was designed to eliminate interbasin transfer of aquatic nuisance species between the Mississippi River and Great Lakes Basins. Electrical output was recently increased in an effort to more effectively eliminate the upstream migration of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Using gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) as a surrogate species, we examined the effectiveness of the barrier at incapacitating fish by placing them in a non-conductive cage and transporting the fish through the barrier. This experiment was conducted before and after changes in operating parameters. Higher electrical output increased barrier effectiveness by decreasing the distance required to incapacitation. Overall, 97% and 100% of fish became incapacitated at the lower and higher electrical operating parameters, respectively. Fish were incapacitated the soonest during the winter and spring, which was likely influenced by the reduced movement activity in the cooler months and the larger fish available for testing later in the spring. Moreover, effectiveness was influenced by type of boat hull material used during testing. Fish that were transported through the barrier along an aluminum-hull boat were able to swim nearly twice the distance into the barrier as those transported with a fiberglass-hull boat during the summer. The delayed incapacitations along the aluminum boat were presumably due to distortion of the electrical field caused by the conductive hull. These results raise concerns regarding the effect that metal-hull barges might have on the effectiveness of the barrier during navigation. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Parker, Aaron D.; Finney, Samuel T.; Rogers, P. Bradley; Stewart, Jeffrey G.; Simmonds, Robert L., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carterville Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Marion, IL 62959 USA. [Parker, Aaron D.] Michigan Dept Environm Qual, Surface Water Assessment Sect, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Glover, David C.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Parker, AD (reprint author), Michigan Dept Environm Qual, Surface Water Assessment Sect, 525 W Allegan St, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. EM parkera7@michigan.gov RI Glover, David/M-5804-2014 OI Glover, David/0000-0001-6532-1815 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Interagency [DW-14-92392501]; USACE - Chicago; Rock Island Districts; U.S. Coast Guard - Lake Michigan Sector; Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago FX This work was funded by Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Interagency Agreement #DW-14-92392501. We thank USACE - Chicago and Rock Island Districts, the U.S. Coast Guard - Lake Michigan Sector, and the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago for the support. Numerous members of the Columbia and LaCrosse FWS Fish and Wildlife Conservation Offices assisted in the field. Brittany Ackerland, Nick Barkowski, Teresa Campbell, Jennifer Johnson, Kenson Kanczuzewski, Jose Rivera, Matthew Shanks, Eric Stadig, and John West provided field support and reviewed caged-fish footage. Rikki Rogers produced the schematic for Fig. 3. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This manuscript was greatly improved by reviews provided by Jan Dean, Carl Ruetz III, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 396 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000010 ER PT J AU Lynch, AJ Taylor, WW Beard, TD Lofgren, BM AF Lynch, Abigail J. Taylor, William W. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Lofgren, Brent M. TI Climate change projections for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) recruitment in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis); Recruitment; Climate change; 1836 Treaty Waters; Laurentian Great Lakes ID MICHIGAN; MODEL; ERIE; EGG; POPULATIONS; REGRESSION; SURVIVAL; FISHERY; IMPACTS; HABITAT AB Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) is an ecologically, culturally, and economically important species in the Laurentian Great lakes. Lake whitefish have been a staple food source for thousands of years and, since 1980, have supported the most economically valuable (annual catch value approximate to US$16.6 million) and productive (annual harvest approximate to 7 million kg) commercial fishery in the upper Great Lakes (Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior). Climate changes, specifically changes in temperature, wind, and ice cover, are expected to impact the ecology, production dynamics, and value of this fishery because the success of recruitment to the fishery has been linked with these climatic variables. We used linear regression to determine the relationship between fall and spring air temperature indices, fall wind speed, winter ice cover, and lake whitefish recruitment in 13 management units located in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes ceded by the Ottawa and Chippewa nations, a culturally and commercially important region for the lake whitefish fishery. In eight of the 13 management units evaluated, models including one or more climate variables (temperature, wind, ice cover) explained significantly more variation in recruitment than models with only the stock-recruitment relationship, using corrected Akaike's Information Criterion comparisons (Delta AICc > 3). Isolating the climate-recruitment relationship and projecting recruitment with the Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model (CHARM) indicated the potential for increased lake whitefish recruitment in the majority of the 1836 Treaty Waters management units. These results can inform adaptive management strategies by providing anticipated implications of climate on lake whitefish recruitment. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Lynch, Abigail J.; Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 12201 USA. [Lynch, Abigail J.; Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Lofgren, Brent M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Lynch, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 400, Reston, VA 12201 USA. EM Ajlynch@usgs.gov OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.015 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000012 ER PT J AU Kao, YC Madenjian, CP Bunnell, DB Lofgren, BM Perroud, M AF Kao, Yu-Chun Madenjian, Charles P. Bunnell, David B. Lofgren, Brent M. Perroud, Marjorie TI Potential effects of climate change on the growth of fishes from different thermal guilds in Lakes Michigan and Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics model; Climate change; Great Lakes; Yellow perch; Lake whitefish; Thermal guild ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; YELLOW PERCH; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; WATER TEMPERATURE; CHANGE SCENARIOS; WHITEFISH; CONSUMPTION; PATTERNS; IMPACTS AB We used a bioenergetics modeling approach to investigate potential effects of climate change on the growth of two economically important native fishes: yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a cool-water fish, and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), a cold-water fish, in deep and oligotrophic Lakes Michigan and Huron. For assessing potential changes in fish growth, we contrasted simulated fish growth in the projected future climate regime during the period 2043-2070 under different prey availability scenarios with the simulated growth during the baseline (historical reference) period 1964-1993. Results showed that effects of climate change on the growth of these two fishes are jointly controlled by behavioral thermoregulation and prey availability. With the ability of behavioral thermoregulation, temperatures experienced by yellow perch in the projected future climate regime increased more than those experienced by lake whitefish. Thus simulated future growth decreased more for yellow perch than for lake whitefish under scenarios where prey availability remains constant into the future. Under high prey availability scenarios, simulated future growth of these two fishes both increased but yellow perch could not maintain the baseline efficiency of converting prey consumption into body weight. We contended that thermal guild should not be the only factor used to predict effects of climate change on the growth of a fish, and that ecosystem responses to climate change should be also taken into account. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kao, Yu-Chun] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.; Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lofgren, Brent M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Perroud, Marjorie] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Kao, YC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kyuchun@umich.edu RI Kao, Yu-Chun/E-1496-2017; OI Kao, Yu-Chun/0000-0001-5552-909X; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU U.S. Geological National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX We thank professor James Diana and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on this manuscript. We also thank Lloyd Mohr and Steven Pothoven for sharing unpublished data. Yanni Liu assisted statistical analyses. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. This article is Contribution 1925 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000013 ER PT J AU Young, T Jensen, OP Weidel, BC Chandra, S AF Young, Talia Jensen, Olaf P. Weidel, Brian C. Chandra, Sudeep TI Natural trophic variability in a large, oligotrophic, near-pristine lake SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Hovsgol; Lake Khovsgol; Pristine; Stable isotope variability; Littoral-benthic; Mongolia ID PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; NORTH-TEMPERATE LAKES; PELAGIC FOOD-WEB; BENTHIC RESOURCES; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; LIPID CORRECTION AB Conclusions drawn from stable isotope data can be limited by an incomplete understanding of natural isotopic variability over time and space. We quantified spatial and temporal variability in fish carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia, a large, remote, oligotrophic lake with an unusually species-poor fish community. The fish community demonstrated a high degree of trophic level overlap. Variability in delta C-13 was inversely related to littoral-benthic dependence, with pelagic species demonstrating more PC variability than littoral-benthic species. A mixed effects model suggested that space (sampling location) had a greater impact than time (collection year) on both delta C-13 and delta N-15 variability. The observed variability in Lake Hovsgol was generally greater than isotopic variability documented in other large, oligotrophic lakes, similar to isotopic shifts attributed to introduced species, and less than isotopic shifts attributed to anthropogenic chemical changes such as eutrophication. This work complements studies on isotopic variability and changes in other lakes around the world. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, Talia] Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Chandra, Sudeep] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Young, T (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM tyoung@marine.rutgers.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF OISE: 1064843]; Trust for Mutual Understanding; Waitt Foundation [W21-08]; Graduate Research Fellowship from the National Science Foundation (NSF) [DGE: 0937373] FX This project was funded by a National Science Foundation grant (NSF OISE: 1064843) to O Jensen, the Trust for Mutual Understanding and the Waitt Foundation (W21-08). T Young was supported by a Graduate Research Fellowship from the National Science Foundation (NSF DGE: 0937373). We are grateful to the Taimen Conservation Fund, the Mongol Ecology Center and our Mongolian-American research team, including M Amaraa, N Bagdal, G Byford, Boidkhand, Boloroo, H Chantuu, L Chuluunchimeg, H DeBey, C Free, B Ganzorig, D Gilroy, A Hermes, T Hrabik, M Hickman, F Ianucci, G Jargalmaa, M Kessler, T and C Krabbenhoft, A Lahr, B Mendsaikhan, N McAuliffe, E McGinley, N Mercado-Silva, G Natsag, U Nemekhbayar, K Olson, M Provost, I Roman, J Waldman, and T Zimmerman. We thank the Jensen lab group at Rutgers, J Hoffman, M Sierszen, M Vinson, and an anonymous reviewer for manuscript comments. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This article is contribution number 1930 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 103 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 463 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000017 ER PT J AU Hrycik, AR Simonin, PW Rudstam, LG Parrish, DL Pientka, B Mihuc, TB AF Hrycik, Allison R. Simonin, Paul W. Rudstam, Lars G. Parrish, Donna L. Pientka, Bernard Mihuc, Timothy B. TI Mysis zooplanktivory in Lake Champlain: A bioenergetics analysis SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mysis; Bioenergetics; Hydroacoustics; Diet analysis ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; ISOTOPE MIXING MODELS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; PREY SELECTION; FISH COMMUNITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA AB Mysid shrimp are important both as predators on zooplankton and as prey for a variety of fish species across most of the Laurentian Great Lakes. In Lake Champlain, where little is known about mysids, this may also be true. We evaluated the role of Mysis diluviana as a planktivore in Lake Champlain using hydroacoustics, gut content analysis, stable isotopes, cohort analysis, and bioenergetics models to estimate Mysis density, diets, growth rates, and prey consumption rates. Density of Mysis in the water column of the deeper Main Lake was lower in July August of 2008-2011 (38, 38, 21, and 74 Mysis/m(2), respectively) than historical values from the 1970s. Mysis selectively foraged for cladocerans, but also consumed cyclopoid and calanoid copepods in 2011. Stable isotope data suggest a mostly carnivorous diet, although agreement between isotope mixing models and observed diets varied. Cohort analyses revealed growth rates ranging from 2.7 mm/month in late spring to 13 mm/month in late summer. In contrast to the offshore areas of Lake Ontario and Lake Huron, zooplankton consumption by the Mysis population was low relative to zooplankton density and production indicating that Mysis are not currently a major zooplanktivore in Lake Champlain. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hrycik, Allison R.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Simonin, Paul W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Pientka, Bernard] Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Mihuc, Timothy B.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Lake Champlain Res Inst, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. RP Hrycik, AR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ahrycik@purdue.edu; pws44@cornell.edu; lgr1@comell.edu; dparrish@uvm.edu; Bernie.Pientka@state.vt.us; mihuctb@plattsburgh.edu FU National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA16RG2206]; Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Act; U.S. Geological Survey; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; University of Vermont; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Dave Gibson, Bryan Curtis, and several Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife technicians for assistance in the field, as well as Chris Hotaling and Jim Watkins for assistance with laboratory procedures and analysis. This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from two reviewers, Associate Editor Dr. Michael Sierszen, Dr. Ellen Marsden, and members of the Hook lab at Purdue. This work was sponsored in part by a grant from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, to Lake Champlain Sea Grant under grant number NA16RG2206. This is publication number LCSG-2014-01. Funding for collection of acoustic data was available through the Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Act to the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, the University of Vermont and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000020 ER PT J AU Blakeslee, CJ Sweet, SA Galbraith, HS Honeyfield, DC AF Blakeslee, Carrie J. Sweet, Stephanie A. Galbraith, Heather S. Honeyfield, Dale C. TI Thiaminase activity in native freshwater mussels SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Unionid; Gravid; Thiamine; Nutrients; Invasive species ID GREAT-LAKES; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; UNITED-STATES; DEFICIENCY; TROUT; FISH; SALMONINES; BIVALVES; MIGRATION; UNIONIDS AB Thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency in the Great Lakes has been attributed to elevated levels of thiaminase I enzyme activity in invasive prey species; however, few studies have investigated thiaminase activity in native prey species. Some of the highest levels of thiaminase activity have been measured in invasive dreissenid mussels with little understanding of background levels contributed by native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). In this study, thiaminase activity was measured in two freshwater mussel species, Elliptio complanata and Strophitus undulatus, from the Delaware and Susquehanna River drainage basins located in north eastern United States. Thiaminase activity was also measured in gravid and non-gravid S. undulatus. Average thiaminase activity differed significantly between species (7.2 and 42.4 mu mol/g/min, for E. complanata and S. undulatus respectively) with no differences observed between drainage basins. Gravid S. undulatus had significantly lower thiaminase activity (28.0 mu mol/g/min) than non-gravid mussels (42.4 mu mol/g/min). Our results suggest that a suite of factors may regulate thiaminase activity in freshwater mussels and that native freshwater mussel thiaminase activity is within the range observed for invasive dreissenids. These results add to our understanding of the complexities in identifying the ecological conditions that set the stage for thiamine deficiency. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Blakeslee, Carrie J.; Sweet, Stephanie A.; Galbraith, Heather S.; Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Blakeslee, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM cblakeslee@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 516 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.024 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000023 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Riseng, CM Mason, LA Wehrly, KE Rutherford, ES McKenna, JE Castiglione, C Johnson, LB Infante, DM Sowa, S Robertson, M Schaeffer, J Khoury, M Gaiot, J Hollenhorst, T Brooks, C Coscarelli, M AF Wang, Lizhu Riseng, Catherine M. Mason, Lacey A. Wehrly, Kevin E. Rutherford, Edward S. McKenna, James E., Jr. Castiglione, Chris Johnson, Lucinda B. Infante, Dana M. Sowa, Scott Robertson, Mike Schaeffer, Jeff Khoury, Mary Gaiot, John Hollenhorst, Tom Brooks, Colin Coscarelli, Mark TI A spatial classification and database for management, research, and policy making: The Great Lakes aquatic habitat framework SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Database; Hierarchy; Spatial unit; Framework; Classification; Great Lakes ID SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL; FISH; MICHIGAN; NEARSHORE; ONTARIO; HURON; ERIE AB Managing the world's largest and most complex freshwater ecosystem, the Laurentian Great Lakes, requires a spatially hierarchical basin-wide database of ecological and socioeconomic information that is comparable across the region. To meet such a need, we developed a spatial classification framework and database-Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Framework (GLAHF). GLAHF consists of catchments, coastal terrestrial, coastal margin, nearshore, and offshore zones that encompass the entire Great Lakes Basin. The catchments captured in the database as river pour points or coastline segments are attributed with data known to influence physicochemical and biological characteristics of the lakes from the catchments. The coastal terrestrial zone consists of 30-m grid cells attributed with data from the terrestrial region that has direct connection with the lakes. The coastal margin and nearshore zones consist of 30-m grid cells attributed with data describing the coastline conditions, coastal human disturbances, and moderately to highly variable physicochemical and biological characteristics. The offshore zone consists of 1.8-km grid cells attributed with data that are spatially less variable compared with the other aquatic zones. These spatial classification zones. and their associated data are nested within lake sub-basins and political boundaries and allow the synthesis of information from grid cells to classification zones, within and among political boundaries, lake sub-basins, Great Lakes, or within the entire Great Lakes Basin. This spatially structured database could help the development of basin-wide management plans, prioritize locations for funding and specific management actions, track protection and restoration progress, and conduct research for science-based decision making. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great lakes Research. C1 [Wang, Lizhu] Int Joint Commiss, Great Lakes Off, Detroit, MI 48232 USA. [Riseng, Catherine M.; Mason, Lacey A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wehrly, Kevin E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wehrly, Kevin E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [McKenna, James E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Castiglione, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Basom, NY 14013 USA. [Johnson, Lucinda B.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Infante, Dana M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sowa, Scott] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Robertson, Mike; Gaiot, John] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada. [Schaeffer, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Khoury, Mary] Nature Conservancy, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Hollenhorst, Tom] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Brooks, Colin] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Coscarelli, Mark] Great Lakes Fishery Trust, Lansing, MI 48933 USA. RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Int Joint Commiss, Great Lakes Off, POB 32869, Detroit, MI 48232 USA. EM Wangl@windsor.ijc.org OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667; Mason, Lacey/0000-0003-1541-3134 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2010 1206]; University of Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; International Joint Commission; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Environment Canada; Nature Conservancy; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Michigan State University; University of Minnesota-Duluth; University of Windsor FX We thank Paul Seelbach, Michael Wiley, Jan Ciborowski, Scudder Mackey, Travis Brenden, John Dettmers, Karen Rodriguez, Mark Burrows, and Michael Laitta for their support and strategic thinking in the development of the Great Lakes spatial framework and database. We are grateful to the GIS and data acquisition support from Jason Breck, Danielle Forsyth, Beth Sparks-Jackson, and Gust Annis. This project was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (2010 1206) and received in-kind support from the University of Michigan, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, International Joint Commission, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environment Canada, The Nature Conservancy, The Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Michigan State University, University of Minnesota-Duluth, and University of Windsor. This is contribution 1914 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and contribution 1747 of the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 584 EP 596 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.017 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000030 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH McCullough, RD Farquhar, JF Mazzocchi, I AF Johnson, James H. McCullough, Russell D. Farquhar, James F. Mazzocchi, Irene TI Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario: Two decades of studies on the diet, fish consumption, and management of double-crested cormorants SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cormorants; Lake Ontario; Little Galloo Island ID GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; CHICK-REARING PERIOD; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; YELLOW PERCH; ROUND GOBY; BEAVER ARCHIPELAGO; EASTERN BASIN; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATION; PREDATION AB The double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) colony at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario has been a Great Lakes focal point of controversy regarding cormorant-fish interactions for over two decades. We examined cormorant diet and fish consumption at the colony from 1992 to 2013. During this time period, two events, management actions and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) invasion, occurred that affected the number of fish consumed by cormorants and their diet composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of round goby on the feeding ecology of cormorants and evaluate the efficacy of management actions on meeting cormorant population targets at the colony. Round goby first appeared in the diet in 2004 (0.8%) and within one year were the primary prey (293%). The presence of round goby in the diet of cormorants: (1) eliminated seasonal variability in diet composition, (2) reversed seasonal trends in the number of fish consumed daily, (3) increased daily fish consumption, and (4) significantly reduced the consumption of other species including yellow perch and smallmouth bass. Management actions, such as egg oiling and culling, were also effective in reducing nesting activity and the number of cormorant feeding days at the Little Galloo Island colony. There is evidence that the combination of management actions and round goby may have allowed some population recovery of yellow perch and smallmouth bass in eastern Lake Ontario. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Johnson, James H.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [McCullough, Russell D.; Farquhar, James F.; Mazzocchi, Irene] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Grade Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 652 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.030 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000036 ER PT J AU Chipault, JG White, CL Blehert, DS Jennings, SK Strom, SM AF Chipault, Jennifer G. White, C. LeAnn Blehert, David S. Jennings, Susan K. Strom, Sean M. TI Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010-2013 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Avian botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Great Lakes; Surveillance; Volunteer; Wildlife health ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; GREAT-LAKES; MORTALITY; DUCKS AB During 2010 to 2013, waterbird mortality surveillance programs used a shared protocol for shoreline walking surveys performed June to November at three areas in northern Lake Michigan. In 2010 and 2012, 1244 total carcasses (0.8 dead bird/km walked) and 2399 total carcasses (1.2 dead birds/km walked), respectively, were detected. Fewer carcasses were detected in 2011 (353 total carcasses, 0.2 dead bird/km walked) and 2013 (451 total carcasses, 0.3 dead bird/km walked). During 3 years, peak detection of carcasses occurred in October and involved primarily migratory diving and fish-eating birds, including long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis; 2010), common loons (Gavia immer; 2012), and red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator; 2013). In 2011, peak detection of carcasses occurred in August and consisted primarily of summer residents such as gulls (Larus spp.) and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). A subset of fresh carcasses was collected throughout each year of the study and tested for botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E). Sixty-one percent of carcasses (57/94) and 10 of 11 species collected throughout the sampling season tested positive for BoNT/E, suggesting avian botulism type E was a major cause of death for both resident and migratory birds in Lake Michigan. The variety of avian species affected by botulism type E throughout the summer and fall during all 4 years of coordinated surveillance also suggests multiple routes for bird exposure to BoNT/E in Lake Michigan. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Chipault, Jennifer G.; White, C. LeAnn; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Jennings, Susan K.] Natl Pk Serv, Sleeping Bear Dunes Natl Lakeshore, Empire, MI 49630 USA. [Strom, Sean M.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources Wildlife Hlth, Appleton, WI 54914 USA. RP White, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jchipault@usgs.gov; clwhite@usgs.gov; dblehert@usgs.gov; sue_jennings@nps.gov; sean.strom@wisconsin.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; United States Environmental Protection Agency FX Funding for this study was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through an interagency agreement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency. We thank the numerous volunteers and field biologists who performed surveys of Lake Michigan beaches and collected carcasses in support of this study. Special thanks to the National Park Service's Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore staff (A. Lipscomb, D. Ray, E. Tyner, and A. van Zoeren), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources staff (M. Clark and M. Cyr), US Geological Survey's National Wildlife Health Center staff (T. Beighley, B. Berlowski-Zier, D. Green, M. Harmon, D. Johnson, A. Klein, Z. Najacht, N. Ramsay, V. Shearn-Bochsler, S. Steinfeldt, and J. Tracey), and co-director of Common Coast Research and Conservation (D. McCormick) for their invaluable assistance with data collection and integration. The Ridges Sanctuary (M. Kaeske) and The Crossroads at Big Creek (C. Heeringa) provided volunteer coordination and logistical support that enabled surveillance in Door County, Wisconsin. Logistical support was also provided by Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Peninsula, Michigan. Thanks to J. Sleeman (USGS National Wildlife Health Center) and S. Riley (USGS Great Lakes Science Center) for coordinating the multi-agency research group. M. Reetz at University of Wisconsin-Madison helped create the map in this publication. We also thank K. Kenow for his helpful review of a previous draft. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.021 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000037 ER PT J AU Henry, EH Haddad, NM Wilson, J Hughes, P Gardner, B AF Henry, Erica H. Haddad, Nick M. Wilson, John Hughes, Phillip Gardner, Beth TI Point-count methods to monitor butterfly populations when traditional methods fail: a case study with Miami blue butterfly SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Distance sampling; Subtropics; Endangered species ID CYCLARGUS-THOMASI-BETHUNEBAKERI; DISTANCE SAMPLING SURVEYS; HABITAT EDGES; ABUNDANCE; SIZE; BOUNDARIES; RESPONSES; MODELS AB Established butterfly monitoring methods are designed for open habitats such as grasslands. Not all rare species occupy habitats that are easy to see across and navigate, in which cases a new approach to monitoring is necessary. We present a novel use of point transect distance sampling to monitor the Miami blue, a highly endangered butterfly that occupies dense shrub habitat. To monitor Miami blue density, we developed surveys consisting of butterfly counts in semi-circular plots. We examined the rate at which an observer detects new butterflies to determine the survey duration that meets the key assumption that butterflies are detected at their initial location. As a related secondary goal, we identified the determinants of adult flight phenology to target monitoring efforts during periods of high adult abundance. We observed peak Miami blue densities in April and July/August 2012, and July/August 2013. We estimated density using detections from a 10-sec survey, our most defensible and conservative estimate. Peak daily density estimates ranged from 592 to 680 butterflies per hectare. Adult density was related to precipitation patterns, with high densities occurring 4-6 weeks after particularly wet 4-week intervals. For butterfly species that exist in high enough densities, we recommend using point transect distance sampling in habitats where traditional methods are impossible to implement. C1 [Henry, Erica H.; Haddad, Nick M.; Wilson, John] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hughes, Phillip] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Keys Natl Wildlife Refuges, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Henry, EH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM erica_henry@ncsu.edu FU Florida Keys National Wildlife Refuges FX We thank numerous volunteers for assistance in the field including C. Anderson, K. Cardenas, M. Cove, A. Maurer, C. Knight, J. Padilla, M. McCarter, C. Lustic, K. Maxwell, and K. Killiam. Additionally, we thank T. Simons for his input on survey methodology as it developed. C. Schultz provided valuable feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank the Florida Keys National Wildlife Refuges for funding the project as well as for housing E. Henry and providing the boat and fuel necessary to access the islands. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 19 IS 3 BP 519 EP 529 DI 10.1007/s10841-015-9773-6 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA CK4BB UT WOS:000356161600009 ER PT J AU Chambert, T Kendall, WL Hines, JE Nichols, JD Pedrini, P Waddle, JH Tavecchia, G Walls, SC Tenan, S AF Chambert, Thierry Kendall, William L. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Pedrini, Paolo Waddle, J. Hardin Tavecchia, Giacomo Walls, Susan C. Tenan, Simone TI Testing hypotheses on distribution shifts and changes in phenology of imperfectly detectable species SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE closure assumption; detection; occupancy modelling; species distribution models; species phenology; staggered-entry model ID SITE-OCCUPANCY MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; CLOSURE ASSUMPTION; CITIZEN SCIENCE; ARRIVAL; BIRDS; PROBABILITY; BUTTERFLIES; CAPTURE; DESIGN AB With ongoing climate change, many species are expected to shift their spatial and temporal distributions. To document changes in species distribution and phenology, detection/non-detection data have proven very useful. Occupancy models provide a robust way to analyse such data, but inference is usually focused on species spatial distribution, not phenology. We present a multi-season extension of the staggered-entry occupancy model of Kendall etal. (2013, Ecology, 94, 610), which permits inference about the within-season patterns of species arrival and departure at sampling sites. The new model presented here allows investigation of species phenology and spatial distribution across years, as well as site extinction/colonization dynamics. We illustrate the model with two data sets on European migratory passerines and one data set on North American treefrogs. We show how to derive several additional phenological parameters, such as annual mean arrival and departure dates, from estimated arrival and departure probabilities. Given the extent of detection/non-detection data that are available, we believe that this modelling approach will prove very useful to further understand and predict species responses to climate change. C1 [Chambert, Thierry] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chambert, Thierry; Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pedrini, Paolo; Tenan, Simone] MUSE Museo Sci, Vertebrate Zool Sect, I-38122 Trento, Italy. [Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Tavecchia, Giacomo] CSIC UIB, Inst Estudis Avancats IMEDEA, Populat Ecol Grp, Esporles 07190, Mallorca, Spain. [Walls, Susan C.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Chambert, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM thierry.chambert@gmail.com RI Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009; OI Chambert, Thierry/0000-0002-9450-9080; Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133; Tavecchia, Giacomo/0000-0001-5435-2691; Tenan, Simone/0000-0001-5055-9193; Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 FU U.S. Geological Survey - Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI); Autonomous Province of Trento FX Funding for this research was primarily provided by the U.S. Geological Survey - Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). This is ARMI contribution number 505. J. Barichivich, M. Brown and J. Hefner assisted in the collection and examination of the frog calls. The passerine data sets analysed came from the 'Progetto Alpi' monitoring program. The research reported here is partially funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento. We are grateful to all the ringers involved in the project, the Italian Ringing Centre (ISPRA) represented by Fernando Spina, and Giuseppe Bogliani (University of Pavia). This is contribution number 1 of the 'Progetto Alpi' monitoring initiative. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 6 BP 638 EP 647 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12362 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL1QI UT WOS:000356718500002 ER PT J AU Hefley, TJ Hooten, MB AF Hefley, Trevor J. Hooten, Mevin B. TI On the existence of maximum likelihood estimates for presence-only data SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; Firth correction; Grus americana; inhomogeneous Poisson point process; MAXENT; maximum likelihood; resource selection; species distribution model; use-availability; whooping crane ID POINT PROCESS MODELS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; EQUIVALENCE; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; ABSENCE AB Presence-only data can be used to determine resource selection and estimate a species' distribution. Maximum likelihood is a common parameter estimation method used for species distribution models. Maximum likelihood estimates, however, do not always exist for a commonly used species distribution model - the Poisson point process. We demonstrate the issue with conventional maximum likelihood mathematically, using a data example, and a simulation experiment and show alternative estimation methods. We found that when habitat preferences are strong or the number of presence-only locations is small, by chance, maximum likelihood coefficient estimates for the Poisson point process model may not exist. We found that several alternative estimation methods can produce reliable estimates, but results will depend on the chosen method. It is important to identify conditions for which maximum likelihood estimates are unlikely to be identifiable from presence-only data. In data sets where the maximum likelihood estimates do not exist, penalized likelihood and Bayesian methods will produce coefficient estimates, but these are sensitive to the choice of estimation procedure and prior or penalty term. When sample size is small or it is thought that habitat preferences are strong, we propose a suite of estimation procedures researchers can consider using. C1 [Hefley, Trevor J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hefley, Trevor J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hefley, Trevor J.] Headwaters Corp, Platte River Recovery Implementat Program, Kearney, NE 68845 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, 234 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM thefley@huskers.unl.edu FU National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship [NSF-DGE-0903469] FX We thank the citizens who reported sightings of whooping cranes and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for maintaining the location records. We thank the Associate Editor, two anonymous reviewers, T. McDonald, D. Baasch, D. Tyre, E. Blankenship, M. Sliwinski, and J. Augustyn for comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. This research was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (NSF-DGE-0903469). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 6 BP 648 EP 655 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12340 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL1QI UT WOS:000356718500003 ER PT J AU Nadeau, CP Fuller, AK AF Nadeau, Christopher P. Fuller, Angela K. TI Accounting for multiple climate components when estimating climate change exposure and velocity SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bhattacharyya; climate similarity; extremes; global warming; index; Matusita; sensitivity; variation; vulnerability ID EXTREME WEATHER; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; SHIFTS; EVOLUTION; EVENTS; TRENDS AB The effect of anthropogenic climate change on organisms will likely be related to climate change exposure and velocity at local and regional scales. However, common methods to estimate climate change exposure and velocity ignore important components of climate that are known to affect the ecology and evolution of organisms. We develop a novel index of climate change (climate overlap) that simultaneously estimates changes in the means, variation and correlation between multiple weather variables. Specifically, we estimate the overlap between multivariate normal probability distributions representing historical and current or projected future climates. We provide methods for estimating the statistical significance of climate overlap values and methods to estimate velocity using climate overlap. We show that climates have changed significantly across 80% of the continental United States in the last 32 years and that much of this change is due to changes in the variation and correlation between weather variables (two statistics that are rarely incorporated into climate change studies). We also show that projected future temperatures are predicted to be locally novel (<15% overlap) across most of the global land surface and that exposure is likely to be highest in areas with low historical climate variation. Last, we show that accounting for changes in the variation and correlation between multiple weather variables can dramatically affect velocity estimates; mean velocity estimates in the continental United States were between 31 and 190kmyr(-1) when estimated using climate overlap compared to 14kmyr(-1) when estimated using traditional methods. Our results suggest that accounting for changes in the means, variation and correlation between multiple weather variables can dramatically affect estimates of climate change exposure and velocity. These climate components are known to affect the ecology and evolution of organisms, but are ignored by most measures of climate change. We conclude with a set of future directions and recommend future work to determine which measures of climate change exposure and velocity are most related to biological responses to climate change. C1 [Nadeau, Christopher P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish andWildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nadeau, CP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish andWildlife Res Unit, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cpn28@cornell.edu FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation through New York State Wildlife Grants by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program [T-18] FX The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation provided funding through New York State Wildlife Grants programme grant T-18 awarded to New York by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program. Previous versions of this manuscript benefited from comments by P. Sullivan, D. Rosenblatt, C. Sutherland, D. Hare and 3 anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 6 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12360 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL1QI UT WOS:000356718500008 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Peterson, SM Kramer, GR Andersen, DE AF Streby, H. M. Peterson, S. M. Kramer, G. R. Andersen, D. E. TI Post-independence fledgling ecology in a migratory songbird: implications for breeding-grounds conservation SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE forest ecology; forest management; early-successional forest; golden-winged warbler; habitat selection; juvenile; passerine; Vermivora chrysoptera ID GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS; MATURE-FOREST SONGBIRDS; HABITAT USE; POSTFLEDGING PERIOD; SITE SELECTION; VERMIVORA-CHRYSOPTERA; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; SOCIAL INFORMATION; JUVENILE SONGBIRDS AB For migratory songbirds, breeding-grounds conservation and management plans are generally focused on habitat associated with locations of singing males and sometimes nesting females. However, habitat structure is often different in areas used for raising fledglings compared with areas used for song territories, and very little is known about habitat use by fledglings after independence from adult care. From 2010 to 2012, we used radiotelemetry to monitor 68 fledgling golden-winged warblers Vermivora chrysoptera after independence from adult care in mixed managed forests of Minnesota, US and Manitoba, Canada. This species is of high conservation concern in the US, is listed as threatened in Canada and is listed as near threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. We assessed distance and orientation of independent fledgling movements and we used compositional analysis to test for selection among cover types. Fledglings of this species, commonly described as a shrubland specialist, selected mature forest (78% of locations) over all other cover types, and foraged in forest canopy and understory in mixed-species flocks. Fledgling golden-winged warbler movements were apparently associated with habitat optimization (although prioritizing foraging over predator avoidance), and likely not with commencement of migration, or scouting future breeding territories. Ten days after independence, fledglings were an average of 1238m north of their nest, which may be related to homing-target formation and the species' northward range expansion. We conclude that consideration for independent fledgling habitat associations is necessary for developing full-fledged forest management plans on the breeding grounds of migratory songbirds. C1 [Streby, H. M.; Peterson, S. M.; Kramer, G. R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM henrystreby@gmail.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources through Research Work at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [87]; National Science Foundation FX These data were collected during a project funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Geological Survey and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources through Research Work Order no. 87 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. H.S. was supported by the National Science Foundation during manuscript preparation. We collected data following Protocol #1004A80575, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Federal Government, University of Minnesota, or any other organization supporting this research. We thank P. Blackburn, W. Brininger, W. Faber, W. Ford, J. Loegering, M. McDowell, H. Saloka and R. Vallender for equipment and logistical support. We thank L. Arnold, S. Barlow, D. Bradshaw, J. Bruggman, R. Carr, M. Dawson, L. Deets, J. Feura, A. Fish, R. Franta, S. Germanotta, C. Gesmundo, A. Jensen, M. Johnson, J. Lehman, T. McAllister, D. McNeil, E. Pokrivka, R. Poole, A. Rehmann, J. Refsnider, R. Refsnider, N. Seeger, E. Sinnot and B. Vernasco for assistance with field data collection, and J. Refsnider, S. Loss for constructive comments on early drafts, and anonymous referees for comments improving the manuscript. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 18 IS 3 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1111/acv.12163 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK1YO UT WOS:000356005900002 ER PT J AU Chung, AI Cochran, ES Kaiser, AE Christensen, CM Yildirim, B Lawrence, JF AF Chung, Angela I. Cochran, Elizabeth S. Kaiser, Anna E. Christensen, Carl M. Yildirim, Battalgazi Lawrence, Jesse F. TI Improved Rapid Magnitude Estimation for a Community-Based, Low-Cost MEMS Accelerometer Network SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; EARTHQUAKE; DARFIELD; PERFORMANCE; CANTERBURY; TAIWAN AB Immediately following the M-w 7.2 Darfield, New Zealand, earthquake, over 180 Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) low-cost micro-electro-mechanical systems accelerometers were deployed in the Canterbury region. Using data recorded by this dense network from 2010 to 2013, we significantly improved the QCN rapid magnitude estimation relationship. The previous scaling relationship (Lawrence et al., 2014) did not accurately estimate the magnitudes of nearby (<35 km) events. The new scaling relationship estimates earthquake magnitudes within 1 magnitude unit of the GNS Science GeoNet earthquake catalog magnitudes for 99% of the events tested, within 0.5 magnitude units for 90% of the events, and within 0.25 magnitude units for 57% of the events. These magnitudes are reliably estimated within 3 s of the initial trigger recorded on at least seven stations. In this report, we present the methods used to calculate a new scaling relationship and demonstrate the accuracy of the revised magnitude estimates using a program that is able to retrospectively estimate event magnitudes using archived data. C1 [Chung, Angela I.; Christensen, Carl M.; Yildirim, Battalgazi; Lawrence, Jesse F.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cochran, Elizabeth S.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Kaiser, Anna E.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. RP Chung, AI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 397 Panama Mall,Mitchell Bldg 360, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM achung@seismo.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR 1027913] FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Grant EAR 1027913. The authors would like to thank everyone who has helped make the Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) New Zealand deployment possible, particularly GNS, students at the Victoria University of Wellington, and all of the QCN participants. The authors would like to thank our colleagues who provided useful comments to improve the manuscript, including Danielle Sumy and Susan Hough. We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 105 IS 3 BP 1314 EP 1323 DI 10.1785/0120140232 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK1WW UT WOS:000356000700002 ER PT J AU Hill, DP AF Hill, David P. TI On the Sensitivity of Transtensional Versus Transpressional Tectonic Regimes to Remote Dynamic Triggering by Coulomb Failure SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; FAULT; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; STRESSES; SECTION; STATES AB Accumulating evidence, although still strongly spatially aliased, indicates that although remote dynamic triggering of small-to-moderate (M-w < 5) earthquakes can occur in all tectonic settings, transtensional stress regimes with normal and subsidiary strike-slip faulting seem to be more susceptible to dynamic triggering than transpressional regimes with reverse and subsidiary strike-slip faulting. Analysis of the triggering potential of Love-and Rayleigh-wave dynamic stresses incident on normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults assuming Andersonian faulting theory and simple Coulomb failure supports this apparent difference for rapid-onset triggering susceptibility. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hill@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 105 IS 3 BP 1339 EP 1348 DI 10.1785/0120140292 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK1WW UT WOS:000356000700004 ER PT J AU Caprio, M Tarigan, B Worden, CB Wiemer, S Wald, DJ AF Caprio, Marta Tarigan, Bernadetta Worden, C. Bruce Wiemer, Stefan Wald, David J. TI Ground Motion to Intensity Conversion Equations (GMICEs): A Global Relationship and Evaluation of Regional Dependency SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS; SEISMIC INTENSITY; FELT INTENSITY; PARAMETERS; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE AB We analyzed the regional dependence of ground motion to intensity conversion equations and derived a new global relationship to improve ground motion and intensity estimates for earthquake hazard applications, including those related to the ShakeMap system. For this purpose, we merged several databases collected by other authors in different geographical regions to highlight any systematic regional effects in the relationship between macroseismic intensities and both peak ground velocity and peak ground acceleration. Our database contains macroseismic intensities derived from expert assignments or from the "Did You Feel It?" database, paired with peak ground motions (PGM) from seismic stations. We constrain our intensity-ground-motion pairs to those with a maximum 2 km separation. For each region, we derived invertible relationships between intensities and ground motion using an orthogonal regression. We also derived a global relationship to quantify the regional differences. We investigated the dependence of intensity on predictor variables such as PGM, magnitude, and hypocentral distance. Our analyses indicate that PGM is the most robust predictor variable of intensity. Within one standard deviation, our regional and global results are in agreement with the relations of Worden et al. (2012) for California, Faenza and Michelini (2010) for Italy, Tselentis and Danciu (2008) for Greece, and Atkinson and Kaka (2007) for central-eastern United States. The earthquakes in the study ranged in magnitude from 2.5 to 7.3, and the distances ranged from less than a kilometer to about 200 km from the epicenter. C1 [Caprio, Marta; Tarigan, Bernadetta; Wiemer, Stefan] ETH, Swiss Seismol Serv, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Worden, C. Bruce] Synerget Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Caprio, M (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Seismol Serv, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM caprio.marta@gmail.com NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 105 IS 3 BP 1476 EP 1490 DI 10.1785/0120140286 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK1WW UT WOS:000356000700014 ER PT J AU Boettcher, MS Kane, DL McGarr, A Johnston, MJS Reches, Z AF Boettcher, Margaret S. Kane, Deborah L. McGarr, Art Johnston, Malcolm J. S. Reches, Ze'ev TI Moment Tensors and Other Source Parameters of Mining-Induced Earthquakes in TauTona Mine, South Africa SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DEEP GOLD-MINES; GROUND-MOTION; INDUCED SEISMICITY; APPARENT STRESS; WITWATERSRAND BASIN; RADIATED ENERGY; TRAIL MOUNTAIN; FAULT ZONE; MECHANISMS; INVERSION AB Induced seismicity exhibits diverse source mechanisms that are often difficult to constrain for small events. Here, we use data from the in-mine seismic network, the Natural Earthquake Laboratory in South African Mines network, and a temporary Program for the Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere deployment in TauTona Mine, South Africa, to determine full moment tensors of 100 mining-induced earthquakes in the magnitude range -2.7 < M-w < 2.5. Ground displacement derived from velocity and acceleration data show clear near-field effects, indicating that the lowest frequencies are well resolved. Phase amplitudes of between 11 and 77 picks per event were inverted to obtain the six independent moment tensor components. The quality of each moment tensor solution is quantified using (1) the misfit between observed and synthetic waveforms, (2) bootstrap resampling to estimate uncertainties, and (3) the F-test to determine the need for including an isotropic component with an extra degree of freedom in the solution. The results indicate 82% of the events have well-constrained solutions, and 45% of the well-constrained events require an isotropic source term. Throughout the magnitude range, both deviatoric and implosive mechanisms are observed, with implosive ratios of volume change to shear deformation (Delta V/Sigma tau) of -1.03 to -0.15. Two explosive events are observed at M-w - 0.5 and -0.2, with Delta V/Sigma tau = 0.15 and 0.51, respectively. For the largest events, we determine maximum slip and apparent stress (tau(a)) and find values consistent with those of natural tectonic earthquakes, with 0.1 <= tau(a) <= 9.2 MPa. Our results support previous speculation on the nature of isotropic components of mining-induced earthquakes, in which events of all sizes begin as shear failure that may intersect a void (tunnel or stope) and cause collapse, whereas only small events result in explosive sources. C1 [Boettcher, Margaret S.; Kane, Deborah L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McGarr, Art; Johnston, Malcolm J. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reches, Ze'ev] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kane, Deborah L.] Risk Management Solut Inc, Newark, CA 94560 USA. RP Boettcher, MS (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, 56 Coll Rd,James Hall Room 214, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM margaret.boettcher@unh.edu; mcgarr@usgs.gov; mal@usgs.gov; reches@ou.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0409605, EAR-0944161]; U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship program FX We would like to thank Ray Durrheim, Steve Spottiswoode, and Alex Milev of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa, and the Rock Mechanics Departments of TauTona and Mponeng Mines for helping to make our 2007 field campaign efficient and successful. We thank and acknowledge Gerrie van Aswegen and the Institute for Mining Seismology (formerly ISSI), for answering many questions about the seismic waveform recording and processing, as well as for making the data available for the Natural Earthquakes Laboratory in South African Mines project. We thank Bill Ellsworth for the Azimi Q operator code and for insightful discussions. We also thank Yehuda Ben-Zion, Joe Fletcher, Associate Editor Cezar Trifu, and two anonymous reviewers who all provided useful reviews that improved the article. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (Grants EAR-0409605 and EAR-0944161) and U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship program. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 105 IS 3 BP 1576 EP 1593 DI 10.1785/0120140300 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK1WW UT WOS:000356000700021 ER PT J AU Chen, ZQ Wei, HQ Liu, YS Tilling, RI Xu, JD Wu, CZ Nie, BF AF Chen, Zhengquan Wei, Haiquan Liu, Yongshun Tilling, Robert I. Xu, Jiandong Wu, Chengzhi Nie, Baofeng TI A historical pyroclastic flow emplaced within a pre-existing Pleistocene lava tube: Silidong, Tianchi Volcano, Changbaishan, northeastern China SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyroclastic flow; Lava tube; Tianchi Volcano; Changbaishan ID PERU ERUPTION DYNAMICS; BP PLINIAN ERUPTION; EL MISTI VOLCANO; GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH 241-242; DENSITY CURRENTS; J.-C.; TOPOGRAPHY; IGNIMBRITE; DEPOSITS; SEDIMENTATION AB Pyroclastic flow deposits recently found within a pre-existing lava tube at Tianchi Volcano represent, to the best of our knowledge, the only such reported occurrence worldwide. In this case, pyroclastic flow of Tianchi's "Millennium eruption" (similar to 1 ka) traveled about 18 km from the summit eruptive source and poured successively into the similar to 560-m-long accessible segment of Silidong lava tube. Mapping of tube morphology, combined with detailed characterization of the features associated with the pumice flow deposits (e.g., adhering of pyroclastic materials on tube walls, fumarole pipes, rootless vents, and flow fronts of the deposit surface) has enabled plausible inferences regarding the original within-tube conditions and dynamic flow regime during emplacement. We propose a model of an aggrading pyroclastic flow which locally varies its sedimentation rate. The pyroclastic deposit is thicker in locations of reduced flow mobility, and the resultant variations in deposit thickness appear to control the distribution of fumarole pipes and rootless vents. C1 [Chen, Zhengquan; Wei, Haiquan; Xu, Jiandong] CEA, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yongshun; Nie, Baofeng] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Resource Environm & Tourism, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China. [Tilling, Robert I.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wu, Chengzhi] Earthquake Adm Jilin Prov, Changbaishan Volcano Observ, Jilin, Peoples R China. RP Wei, HQ (reprint author), CEA, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM 1375284615@qq.com FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41172304, 40172033, 40472039]; Earthquake Administration of China [8-27-7] FX This research was sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41172304, 40172033, 40472039) and the state volcano program from the Earthquake Administration of China (8-27-7). Colleagues in the Earthquake Administration of Jilin Province greatly helped with the fieldwork. Special thanks for discussion go to Mr. Jan Paul van der Pas, who provided very helpful discussions and comments for preparing an early version of the manuscript. Finally, we greatly appreciate the efforts of editor G. Giordano and two anonymous reviewers (or more) for their incisive but constructive comments and suggestions to improve this manuscript. CZQ wish to thank Dr. Zhao Bo for the discussion, and Mr. Li Wei and Liu Guodong for the field work. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 77 IS 6 AR 48 DI 10.1007/s00445-015-0933-z PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CK0WL UT WOS:000355926000003 ER PT J AU Lamanna, JA Hemenway, AB Boccadori, V Martin, TE AF Lamanna, Joseph A. Hemenway, Amy B. Boccadori, Vanna Martin, Thomas E. TI Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; community ecology; density; distribution; forest bird species; habitat selection; landscape-scale experiment; population ecology; predation; species turnover; vegetation gradient; western Montana, USA ID BREEDING-HABITAT SELECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; NEST PREDATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DYNAMICS; FITNESS; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; FRAGMENTATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB Turnover in animal species along vegetation gradients is often assumed to reflect adaptive habitat preferences that are narrower than the full gradient. Specifically, animals may decline in abundance where their reproductive success is low, and these poor-quality locations differ among species. Yet habitat use does not always appear adaptive. The crucial tests of how abundances and demographic costs of animals vary along experimentally manipulated vegetation gradients are lacking. We examined habitat use and nest predation rates for 16 bird species that exhibited turnover with shifts in deciduous and coniferous vegetation. For most bird species, decreasing abundance was associated with increasing predation rates along both natural and experimentally modified vegetation gradients. This landscape-scale approach strongly supports the idea that vegetation-mediated effects of predation are associated with animal distributions and species turnover. C1 [Lamanna, Joseph A.; Hemenway, Amy B.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Boccadori, Vanna] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Lamanna, JA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM joe.a.lamanna@gmail.com OI Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU Bair Foundation; Lewis and Clark National Forest; U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP-91747701-0]; University of Montana IACUC protocol AUP [059-10]; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks [2009-023, 2010-044, 2011-045, 2012-042, 2013-090] FX Many assistants helped with data collection. We also thank D. Morris, J. Maron, R. Callaway, the lab of T. Martin, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. We appreciate financial support and land access by the Bair Foundation, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, the Lewis and Clark National Forest, a private landowner, and the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program. This publication was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP-91747701-0 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors, but do represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was conducted under the auspices of the University of Montana IACUC protocol AUP 059-10 and permits 2009-023, 2010-044, 2011-045, 2012-042, and 2013-090 from Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1670 EP 1680 DI 10.1890/14-1333.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK2DV UT WOS:000356021700022 ER PT J AU Hostetler, JA Chandler, RB AF Hostetler, Jeffrey A. Chandler, Richard B. TI Improved state-space models for inference about spatial and temporal variation in abundance from count data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; Dail and Madsen model; density dependence; detectability; Gompertz model; immigration; North American Breeding Bird Survey; population dynamics; Ricker model; state-space model; zero-inflated distribution ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL POPULATIONS; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; SAMPLING-VARIANCE; OBSERVATION ERROR; PROCESS NOISE; POINT COUNTS AB Models of population dynamics are frequently used for purposes such as testing hypotheses about density dependence and predicting species' responses to future environmental change or conservation actions. Fitting models of population dynamics to field data is challenging because most data sets are characterized by observation error, which can inflate estimates of process variation if ignored. Recently, state-space models have been developed to deal with this problem by directly modeling both the observation error and the ecological process of interest. Conventional state-space models, however, have several important limitations: (1) they assume that random effects are Gaussian distributed, which implies that abundance can be negative and that false positive observation errors are equally likely as false negative errors; (2) they do not admit spatial variation in population dynamics; and (3) some of the parameters of the model are not estimable. We demonstrate how each of these problems can be resolved using a class of hierarchical models proposed by Dail and Madsen (2011) that attributes observation error to imperfect detection. We expand this class of models to accommodate classical growth models (e.g., exponential and Ricker-logistic), zero-inflation, and random effects. We also present methods for forecasting population size under future environmental conditions. Implementation of these ideas is possible using either frequentist or Bayesian methods, as demonstrated by accompanying R and JAGS code. Results of a simulation study suggest that bias is negligible and coverage nominal in most cases for the proposed model extensions. An analysis of data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey highlights how these methods can be readily applied to existing data, but it also suggests that precision will be low when direct information about detection probability (such as is collected using distance sampling or replicated counts) is lacking. C1 [Hostetler, Jeffrey A.] Natl Zool Pk, Migratory Bird Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Hostetler, JA (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jeffrey.hostetler@myfwc.com RI Hostetler, Jeffrey/A-3345-2011; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 OI Hostetler, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3669-1758; FU U.S. National Park Service; Smithsonian Institution; USGS's Breeding Bird Survey program FX We thank J. Andrew Royle, T. Scott Sillett, and John Sauer for helpful suggestions on our analysis. We gratefully acknowledge the U.S. National Park Service, the Smithsonian Institution, and USGS's Breeding Bird Survey program for funding support. We thank Keith Pardieck and David Ziolkowski for help with data acquisition. We are grateful for the numerous helpful suggestions for manuscript revision provided by J. Andrew Royle, T. Scott Sillett, and anonymous referees. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 73 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1713 EP 1723 DI 10.1890/14-1487.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK2DV UT WOS:000356021700026 ER PT J AU Kelly, V Stets, EG Crawford, C AF Kelly, Valerie Stets, Edward G. Crawford, Charlie TI Long-term changes in nitrate conditions over the 20th century in two Midwestern Corn Belt streams SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Nutrient transport; Stationarity; Corn Belt streams; Weighted regression ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; RIVER AB f Long-term changes in nitrate concentration and flux between the middle of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century were estimated for the Des Moines River and the Middle Illinois River, two Midwestern Corn Belt streams, using a novel weighted regression approach that is able to detect subtle changes in solute transport behavior over time. The results show that the largest changes in flow-normalized concentration and flux occurred between 1960 and 1980 in both streams, with smaller or negligible changes between 1980 and 2004. Contrasting patterns were observed between (1) nitrate export linked to non-point sources, explicitly runoff of synthetic fertilizer or other surface sources and (2) nitrate export presumably associated with point sources such as urban wastewater or confined livestock feeding facilities, with each of these modes of transport important under different domains of streamflow. Surface runoff was estimated to be consistently most important under high-flow conditions during the spring in both rivers. Nitrate export may also have been considerable in the Des Moines River even under some conditions during the winter when flows are generally lower, suggesting the influence of point sources during this time. Similar results were shown for the Middle Illinois River, which is subject to significant influence of wastewater from the Chicago area, where elevated nitrate concentrations were associated with at the lowest flows during the winter and fall. By modeling concentration directly, this study highlights the complex relationship between concentration and streamflow that has evolved in these two basins over the last 50 years. This approach provides insights about changing conditions that only become observable when stationarity in the relationship between concentration and streamflow is not assumed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kelly, Valerie] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Stets, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Crawford, Charlie] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Kelly, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM vjkelly@usgs.gov; estets@usgs.gov; cgcrawfo@usgs.gov OI Crawford, Charles/0000-0003-1653-7841; Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 525 BP 559 EP 571 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.062 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CK0HF UT WOS:000355885600047 ER PT J AU Gray, AB Pasternack, GB Watson, EB Warrick, JA Goni, MA AF Gray, Andrew B. Pasternack, Gregory B. Watson, Elizabeth B. Warrick, Jonathan A. Goni, Miguel A. TI Effects of antecedent hydrologic conditions, time dependence, and climate cycles on the suspended sediment load of the Salinas River, California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Suspended sediment; Non-stationary Effective discharge; El Nifio Southern Oscillation; Small mountainous rivers; Arid rivers ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; SMALL MOUNTAINOUS RIVERS; EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE; COASTAL RIVERS; RATING CURVES; CATCHMENT; FREQUENCY; MAGNITUDE; TRANSPORT; DELIVERY AB Previous estimations of sediment flux for the Salinas River of central California were based on data collected in the 1970s and assumptions of time invariant suspended sediment-discharge behavior. The goals of this study were to estimate sediment flux from the Salinas River using data from 1967-2011 by incorporating time dependent behavior and reassess the role of El Nino Southern Oscillation patterns in inter-decadal sediment load. This study builds on previous findings that time-dependent suspended sediment behavior in this system is controlled in part by antecedent hydrologic conditions. The condition of temporal dependence was further tested herein through comparison of flux estimates obtained using time-dependent formulations and a multivariate approach incorporating hydrologic factors. Longer sampling records and incorporation of decadal scale behavior or antecedent hydrologic conditions resulted in average annual load estimates of 2.0-2.9 Mt/yr with 95% confidence intervals of +/- 25 to 202%, in comparison to earlier estimates of similar to 3.3 Mt/yr. Previous overestimation of sediment load is due largely to the extrapolation of suspended sediment behavior from a decade of high sediment concentrations to the entire record, and the use of log-linear regression techniques on a non-linear system. The use of LOESS methods lowered Q(ss) estimates and decreased confidence interval size. The inclusion of time-stratified and antecedent flow indices further decreased Q(ss) estimates, but increased confidence interval size. However, temporal dependence of the C-ss-Q relationship violates the assumptions of single base period regression, which suggests that time-stratified rating curves provide more realistic estimates of sediment flux means and uncertainty. The majority of suspended sediment was transported by flows of similar to 25-90 times mean discharge depending on transport constituent (fines or sand) and estimation method. Periods of differential suspended sediment behavior changed the relative importance of rare floods due to changes in the relationship of suspended sediment concentration vs. discharge. El Nino years dominated the sediment budget by producing on average ten times more sediment than non-El Nino years. Sediment load estimates provided further evidence that antecedent hydrologic conditions appear to have caused much of the temporal dependence of suspended sediment behavior. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gray, Andrew B.; Pasternack, Gregory B.; Watson, Elizabeth B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Goni, Miguel A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gray, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM abgray@ucdavis.edu; gpast@ucdavis.edu; elizabeth.b.watson@drexel.edu; jwarrick@usgs.gov; mgoni@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Pasternack, Gregory/B-8619-2012 OI Pasternack, Gregory/0000-0002-1977-4175 FU National Science Foundation [0628385]; Ernest E. Hill Fellowship; William and Linda Sullivan Scholarship; Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group at the University of California, Davis; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project [CA-D-LAW-7034-H] FX This research was funded largely by the National Science Foundation under award No. 0628385. Additional support for the lead author was provided by an Ernest E. Hill Fellowship, a William and Linda Sullivan Scholarship, and support from the Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group at the University of California, Davis. This project was also supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project number #CA-D-LAW-7034-H. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We thank Peter Barnes, Sarah Greve, Duyen Ho, Olivia Oseguera, Larissa Salaki, and the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve for laboratory and field assistance. This manuscript was significantly improved by many key insights and recommendations offered by a thorough review from Murray Hicks. Conversations with Rocko Brown were much appreciated by the lead author. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 525 BP 632 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.025 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CK0HF UT WOS:000355885600053 ER PT J AU Lutz, CL Diefenbach, DR Rosenberry, CS AF Lutz, Clayton L. Diefenbach, Duane R. Rosenberry, Christopher S. TI Population density influences dispersal in female white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE density-dependent dispersal; dispersal distance; dispersal rate; female dispersal; Odocoileus virginianus; parturition; white-tailed deer ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; CENTRAL ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; FOREST REGENERATION AREAS; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; LOCALIZED MANAGEMENT; INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; NEW-YORK; SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; NATAL DISPERSAL AB Dispersal behavior in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) predominantly occurs in 1-year-old males; however, females of the same age also disperse. The timing of female dispersal during fawning season and low dispersal rates suggest that competition for mates and reduced inbreeding are not ultimate causes of female dispersal, as suggested for males. We proposed that female dispersal is the result of competition for space when pregnant females seek to isolate themselves before and after parturition. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a meta-analysis of female dispersal rates from 12 populations of white-tailed deer and predicted dispersal rate and distance were positively related to deer density. We found a positive relationship between dispersal rate and deer per forested km(2) and between dispersal distance and deer per forested km(2). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that female dispersal is density-dependent and caused by the exclusion of subordinate 1-year-olds as adult females seek isolation before and after parturition. C1 [Lutz, Clayton L.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rosenberry, Christopher S.] Penn Game Commiss, Bur Wildlife Management, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. RP Lutz, CL (reprint author), Penn Game Commiss, 8627 William Penn Highway, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. EM cllutz@pa.gov FU PGC; United States Geological Survey; Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank the many technicians for their indefatigable efforts in capturing and tracking deer. Also, we thank the many private landowners, along with the PGC and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, for facilitating the capture of deer on their properties. This paper benefited from constructive comments and edits provided by E. S. Long, and it was improved by 2 anonymous reviewers. Our work was supported by the PGC, United States Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and The Pennsylvania State University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 3 BP 494 EP 501 DI 10.1093/jmamma/gyv054 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CK3WI UT WOS:000356146800003 ER PT J AU Lee, DN Stark, RC Puckette, WL Hamilton, MJ Leslie, DM Van Den Bussche, RA AF Lee, Dana N. Stark, Richard C. Puckette, William L. Hamilton, Meredith J. Leslie, David M., Jr. Van Den Bussche, Ronald A. TI Population connectivity of endangered Ozark big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Corynorhinus townsendii ingens; endangered; gene flow; Ozark big-eared bat; population connectivity; swarming sites ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SWARMING SITES; CONSERVATION GENETICS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PLECOTUS-AURITUS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; FORAGING ACTIVITY; INFERENCE; SOFTWARE; FLOW AB The endangered Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) is restricted to eastern Oklahoma and western and north-central Arkansas, where populations may be susceptible to losses of genetic variation due to patchy distribution of colonies and potentially small effective population sizes. We used mitochondrial D-loop DNA sequences and 15 nuclear microsatellite loci to determine population connectivity among Ozark big-eared bat caves. Assessment of 7 caves revealed a haplotype not detected in a previous study (2002-2003) and gene flow among colonies in eastern Oklahoma. Our data suggest genetic mixing of individuals, which may be occurring at nearby swarming sites in the autumn. Further evidence of limited gene flow between caves in Oklahoma with a cave in Arkansas highlights the importance of including samples from geographically widespread caves to fully understand gene flow in this subspecies. It appears autumn swarming sites and winter hibernacula play an important role in providing opportunities for mating; therefore, we suggest protection of these sites, maternity caves, and surrounding habitat to facilitate gene flow among populations of Ozark big-eared bats. C1 [Lee, Dana N.; Hamilton, Meredith J.; Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Stark, Richard C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ozark Plateau Natl Wildlife Refuge, Tulsa, OK 74129 USA. [Puckette, William L.] Poteau Publ Sch Dist, Poteau, OK 74953 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Lee, DN (reprint author), McMurry Univ, Dept Biol, 1 McMurry Univ 368, Abilene, TX 79697 USA. EM lee.dana@mcm.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [E-77-R]; Oklahoma State University; Bat Conservation International Student Research Scholarship FX We thank landowners who provided cave access, and we thank S. Hensley, J. Lack, J. Howell, V. Stark, S. Hammond, J. van der Ploeg, and B. Fuller for assistance collecting bats and wing punch samples. T. Risch provided Arkansas samples; J. Dyer, T. Farris, and M. Trope provided laboratory assistance; M. Schwemm helped with data analysis; and L. Ammerman, A. Echelle, R. Perry, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation through the Endangered Species Act, Section 6, Project E-77-R, and Oklahoma State University, with additional support provided by a Bat Conservation International Student Research Scholarship. The project was administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 3 BP 522 EP 530 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyv057 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CK3WI UT WOS:000356146800006 ER PT J AU White, JT Karakhanian, A Connor, CS Connor, L Hughes, JD Malservisi, R Wetmore, P AF White, J. T. Karakhanian, A. Connor, C. S. Connor, L. Hughes, J. D. Malservisi, R. Wetmore, P. TI Coupling geophysical investigation with hydrothermal modeling to constrain the enthalpy classification of a potential geothermal resource SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geophysical inversion; Hydrothermal modeling; Armenia; Distributed volcanism; Karckar; Gravity ID GRAVITY TERRAIN CORRECTIONS; ARMENIA; TECTONICS; TRANSPORT; VOLCANISM; CAUCASUS; EXAMPLE; SOLUTE; EGYPT; FAULT AB An appreciable challenge in volcanology and geothermal resource development is to understand the relationships between volcanic systems and low-enthalpy geothermal resources. The enthalpy of an undeveloped geothermal resource in the Karckar region of Armenia is investigated by coupling geophysical and hydrothermal modeling. The results of 3-dimensional inversion of gravity data provide key inputs into a hydrothermal circulation model of the system and associated hot springs, which is used to evaluate possible geothermal system configurations. Hydraulic and thermal properties are specified using maximum a priori estimates. Limited constraints provided by temperature data collected from an existing down-gradient borehole indicate that the geothermal system can most likely be classified as low-enthalpy and liquid dominated. We find the heat source for the system is likely cooling quartz monzonite intrusions in the shallow subsurface and that meteoric recharge in the pull-apart basin circulates to depth, rises along basin-bounding faults and discharges at the hot springs. While other combinations of subsurface properties and geothermal system configurations may fit the temperature distribution equally well, we demonstrate that the low-enthalpy system is reasonably explained based largely on interpretation of surface geophysical data and relatively simple models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Hughes, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [White, J. T.; Connor, C. S.; Connor, L.; Malservisi, R.; Wetmore, P.] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Karakhanian, A.] Natl Acad Sci Armenia, Inst Geol Sci, Yerevan 0019, Armenia. RP White, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM jwhite@usgs.gov OI Hughes, Joseph/0000-0003-1311-2354 FU Armenia Geothermal Project part of the Armenia Renewable Resources and Energy Efficiency Fund (R2E2) FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Armenia Geothermal Project, which is part of the Armenia Renewable Resources and Energy Efficiency Fund (R2E2). The gravity station data used for the basin depth inversion were collected by WesternGeco, Integrated EM Center of Excellence Geosystem, Schlumberger Italiana SpA, Milan, Italy, during September October of 2011, for the Armenia Geothermal Project. Also, the authors thank Tom Roper and his team for the assistance in collection of gravity data. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 298 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.03.020 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CK4QK UT WOS:000356208100005 ER PT J AU Barker, FK Oyler-McCance, S Tomback, DF AF Barker, F. Keith Oyler-McCance, Sara Tomback, Diana F. TI Blood from a turnip: tissue origin of low-coverage shotgun sequencing libraries affects recovery of mitogenome sequences SO MITOCHONDRIAL DNA LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite; mitochondrial DNA; next-generation sequencing; NUMT ID COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES; AVIAN ERYTHROCYTE; PHYLOGENY; TECHNOLOGY; RADIATIONS; NUMBER; HAIR AB Next generation sequencing methods allow rapid, economical accumulation of data that have many applications, even at relatively low levels of genome coverage. However, the utility of shotgun sequencing data sets for specific goals may vary depending on the biological nature of the samples sequenced. We show that the ability to assemble mitogenomes from three avian samples of two different tissue types varies widely. In particular, data with coverage typical of microsatellite development efforts (similar to 1 x) from DNA extracted from avian blood failed to cover even 50% of the mitogenome, relative to at least 500-fold coverage from muscle-derived data. Researchers should consider possible applications of their data and select the tissue source for their work accordingly. Practitioners analyzing low-coverage shotgun sequencing data (including for microsatellite locus development) should consider the potential benefits of mitogenome assembly, including internal barcode verification of species identity, mitochondrial primer development, and phylogenetics. C1 [Barker, F. Keith] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Tomback, Diana F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Barker, FK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Bell Museum Nat Hist, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM barke042@umn.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1940-1736 EI 1940-1744 J9 MITOCHONDR DNA JI Mitochondrial DNA PD JUN PY 2015 VL 26 IS 3 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.3109/19401736.2013.840588 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA CK7SE UT WOS:000356431700010 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Bryant, JP Liu, RS Gourley, SA Krebs, CJ Reichardt, PB AF DeAngelis, Donald L. Bryant, John P. Liu, Rongsong Gourley, Stephen A. Krebs, Charles J. Reichardt, Paul B. TI A plant toxin mediated mechanism for the lag in snowshoe hare population recovery following cyclic declines SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID PINOSYLVIN METHYL-ETHER; WOODY-PLANTS; GREEN ALDER; BETULA; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; DEFENSE; MAMMALS; CANADA; BIRCH AB A necessary condition for a snowshoe hare population to cycle is reduced reproduction after the population declines. But the cause of a cyclic snowshoe hare population's reduced reproduction during the low phase of the cycle, when predator density collapses, is not completely understood. We propose that moderate-severe browsing by snowshoe hares upon preferred winter-foods could increase the toxicity of some of the hare's best winter-foods during the following hare low, with the result being a decline in hare nutrition that could reduce hare reproduction. We used a combination of modeling and experiments to explore this hypothesis. Using the shrub birch Betula glandulosa as the plant of interest, the model predicted that browsing by hares during a hare cycle peak, by increasing the toxicity B. glandulosa twigs during the following hare low, could cause a hare population to cycle. The model's assumptions were verified with assays of dammarane triterpenes in segments of B. glandulosa twigs and captive hare feeding experiments conducted in Alaska during February and March 1986. The model's predictions were tested with estimates of hare density and measurements of B. glandulosa twig growth made at Kluane, Yukon from 1988-2008. The empirical tests supported the model's predictions. Thus, we have concluded that a browsing-caused increase in twig toxicity that occurs during the hare cycle's low phase could reduce hare reproduction during the low phase of the hare cycle. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Bryant, John P.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Liu, Rongsong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Gourley, Stephen A.] Univ Surrey, Dept Math, Guildford GU2 7HX, Surrey, England. [Krebs, Charles J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Reichardt, Paul B.] Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM don_deangelis@usgs.gov FU USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science research program FX The Community Ecological Monitoring Program, CEMP, provided the Kluane data that made this study possible. Leonard Smith conducted the feeding experiments done in Alaska. Donna L. DiFolco (Cartographic Technician, US National Park Service Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve and Yukon-Charley Rivers National Park) provided the photograph used in Fig. 1. The unpublished estimates of hare density that are presented in Table 3 were provided by Suzanne Carrier (Government of the Northwest Territories), Frank Doyle (British Columbia), Nathan Berg (Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska), Toby Burke (Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska), Judy Putera (Wrangle-Saint Elias National Park, Alaska) and Knut Kielland (Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Project). The Alaska feeding trials were done by. DLD was supported by the USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science research program. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 2015 VL 124 IS 6 BP 796 EP 805 DI 10.1111/oik.01671 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK2AC UT WOS:000356010600014 ER PT J AU Haro, A Chelminski, M Dudley, RW AF Haro, A. Chelminski, M. Dudley, R. W. TI Computational Fluid Dynamics-Habitat Suitability Index (CFD-HSI) Modelling as an Exploratory Tool for Assessing Passability of Riverine Migratory Challenge Zones for Fish SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; habitat suitability index; fish passage; Penobscot River; dam removal ID HYDRAULIC ASSESSMENT; VELOCITY BARRIERS; SHOALHAVEN RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; TALLOWA DAM; PASSAGE; FLOW; AUSTRALIA; STREAMS; SALAR AB We developed two-dimensional computational fluid hydraulics-habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) models to identify and qualitatively assess potential zones of shallow water depth and high water velocity that may present passage challenges for five major anadromous fish species in a 2.63-km reach of the main stem Penobscot River, Maine, as a result of a dam removal downstream of the reach. Suitability parameters were based on distribution of fish lengths and body depths and transformed to cruising, maximum sustained and sprint swimming speeds. Zones of potential depth and velocity challenges were calculated based on the hydraulic models; ability of fish to pass a challenge zone was based on the percent of river channel that the contiguous zone spanned and its maximum along-current length. Three river flows (low: 99.1m(3) sec(-1); normal: 344.9m(3) sec(-1); and high:792.9m(3) sec(-1)) were modelled to simulate existing hydraulic conditions and hydraulic conditions simulating removal of a dam at the downstream boundary of the reach. Potential depth challenge zones were nonexistent for all low-flow simulations of existing conditions for deeper-bodied fishes. Increasing flows for existing conditions and removal of the dam under all flow conditions increased the number and size of potential velocity challenge zones, with the effects of zones being more pronounced for smaller species. The two-dimensional CFD-HSI model has utility in demonstrating gross effects of flow and hydraulic alteration, but may not be as precise a predictive tool as a three-dimensional model. Passability of the potential challenge zones cannot be precisely quantified for two-dimensional or three-dimensional models due to untested assumptions and incomplete data on fish swimming performance and behaviours. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Haro, A.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Chelminski, M.] Stantec, Topsham, ME USA. [Dudley, R. W.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Maine Off, Augusta, ME USA. RP Haro, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM aharo@usgs.gov OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172 FU Regional Executive Office of the Northeast Region of U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Jeff Reardon (Trout Unlimited), Matt Collins (National Marine Fisheries Service) and the Penobscot Restoration Trust with their help in acquiring the bathymetry data for some sections of the Great Works reach and flow allocation data for the lower Penobscot River main stem. Fred Seavey provided additional information on flow management for the river. Gail Wippelhauser (Maine Department of Marine Resources), Tim Sheehan (National Marine Fisheries Service) and Gayle Zydlewski (University of Maine) provided data on fish run timing, size distribution and body length-depth relationships. This work was funded by the Regional Executive Office of the Northeast Region of U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 5 BP 526 EP 537 DI 10.1002/rra.2911 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CK1WL UT WOS:000355999100002 ER PT J AU Erwin, SO Jacobson, RB AF Erwin, S. O. Jacobson, R. B. TI Influence of Channel Morphology and Flow Regime on Larval Drift of Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flow regime; channel morphology; Missouri River; pallid sturgeon; larval drift ID LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-ALBUS; FISH; PLATORYNCHUS; DOWNSTREAM; IMPACTS; HABITAT; MODEL AB The transition from drifting free embryo to exogenously feeding larvae has been identified as a potential life-stage bottleneck for the endangered Missouri River pallid sturgeon. Previous studies have indicated that river regulation and fragmentation may contribute to the mortality of larval pallid sturgeon by reducing the extent of free-flowing river available to free embryos to complete ontogenetic development. Calculations of total drift distance based on mean velocity, however, do not address the potential for complex channels and flow patterns to increase retention or longitudinal dispersion of free embryos. We use a one-dimensional advection-dispersion model to estimate total drift distance and employ the longitudinal dispersion coefficient as a metric to quantify the tendency towards dispersion or retention of passively drifting larvae. We describe the effects of different styles of channel morphology on larval dispersion and consider the implications of flow regime modifications on retention of free embryos within the Lower Missouri River. The results illustrate the complex interactions of local morphology, engineered structures, and hydraulics that determine patterns of dispersion in riverine environments and inform how changes to channel morphology and flow regime may alter dispersion of drifting organisms. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Erwin, S. O.; Jacobson, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Erwin, SO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM serwin@usgs.gov FU US Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery Integrated Science Program; US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area; Carleton College FX This project received funding from the US Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery Integrated Science Program, and the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. A preliminary analysis that informed this study was conducted by Laura Bazzetta with support from Carleton College. Carrie Elliott provided invaluable help with data processing and analysis. We also thank Roy Thorsby and Eric Allen for assistance with data processing. Lastly, we greatly appreciate the thoughtful and constructive reviews provided by Elizabeth Murphy, Joe Wheaton, and one anonymous reviewer. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 5 BP 538 EP 551 DI 10.1002/rra.2752 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CK1WL UT WOS:000355999100003 ER PT J AU Thorne, C Castro, J Cluer, B Skidmore, P Shea, C AF Thorne, C. Castro, J. Cluer, B. Skidmore, P. Shea, C. TI Project Risk Screening Matrix for River Management and Restoration SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE environmental impact assessment; permitting; project review; risk analysis; river management ID APPRAISALS; BASINS AB The project risk screening matrix' derives from a broader effort to assist US government agency staff in reviewing proposed stream management and restoration projects more efficiently and effectively. The River Restoration Analysis Tool (RiverRAT) developed through this effort provides a thorough, comprehensive and auditable approach to review and evaluate proposed stream actions and projects (). The matrix was initially developed as the first step in applying the RiverRAT, its purpose being to assist reviewers in assessing the risk to natural resources associated with a particular proposal and matching the intensity of their review to the severity of that risk. Hence, the primary application of the matrix to date has been to identify and screen out low risk projects that may be dealt with expeditiously, so freeing the time and technical resources needed to allow deep reviews of higher risk projects. A second form of screening emerged from this primary function because the matrix proved adept at identifying the minimum level of site and project characterization required to support initial risk assessment. On this basis, proposals lacking adequate information can also be screened out, being referred back to the proponent with a request for additional information. More recently, new and novel versions of the matrix, featuring modification and refinement of one or both of the original axes, have emerged to widen and refine its application to linear infrastructure (e.g. pipelines, roads, and electrical transmission lines), in-stream structures (e.g. large wood placement and culvert removal), and pre-application, regulatory, decision-support tools. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Thorne, C.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Castro, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97266 USA. [Cluer, B.] NOAA NMFS, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Skidmore, P.] Skidmore Restorat Consulting, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Shea, C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Thorne, C (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM colin.thorne@nottingham.ac.uk NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 5 BP 611 EP 626 DI 10.1002/rra.2753 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CK1WL UT WOS:000355999100009 ER PT J AU Hamilton, TS Enkin, RJ Riedel, M Rogers, GC Pohlman, JW Benway, HM AF Hamilton, T. S. Enkin, Randolph J. Riedel, Michael Rogers, Garry C. Pohlman, John W. Benway, Heather M. TI Slipstream: an early Holocene slump and turbidite record from the frontal ridge of the Cascadia accretionary wedge off western Canada and paleoseismic implications SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SUBDUCTION ZONE; GAS HYDRATE; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; NEOGLOBOQUADRINA-PACHYDERMA; CORE MD02-2494; SLOPE FAILURE; PUGET LOWLAND; ICE-SHEET AB Slipstream Slump, a well-preserved 3 km wide sedimentary failure from the frontal ridge of the Cascadia accretionary wedge 85 km off Vancouver Island, Canada, was sampled during Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) John P. Tully cruise 2008007PGC along a transect of five piston cores. Shipboard sediment analysis and physical property logging revealed 12 turbidites interbedded with thick hemipelagic sediments overlying the slumped glacial diamict. Despite the different sedimentary setting, atop the abyssal plain fan, this record is similar in number and age to the sequence of turbidites sampled farther to the south from channel systems along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, with no extra turbidites present in this local record. Given the regional physiographic and tectonic setting, megathrust earthquake shaking is the most likely trigger for both the initial slumping and subsequent turbidity currents, with sediments sourced exclusively from the exposed slump face of the frontal ridge. Planktonic foraminifera picked from the resedimented diamict of the underlying main slump have a disordered cluster of C-14 ages between 12.8 and 14.5 ka BP. For the post-slump stratigraphy, an event-free depth scale is defined by removing the turbidite sediment intervals and using the hemipelagic sediments. Nine C-14 dates from the most foraminifera-rich intervals define a nearly constant hemipelagic sedimentation rate of 0.021 cm/year. The combined age model is defined using only planktonic foraminiferal dates and Bayesian analysis with a Poisson-process sedimentation model. The age model of ongoing hemipelagic sedimentation is strengthened by physical property correlations from Slipstream events to the turbidites for the Barkley Canyon site 40 km south. Additional modelling addressed the possibilities of seabed erosion or loss and basal erosion beneath turbidites. Neither of these approaches achieves a modern seabed age when applying the commonly used regional marine 14C reservoir age of 800 years (marine reservoir correction Delta R = 400 years). Rather, the top of the core appears to be 400 years in the future. A younger marine reservoir age of 400 years (Delta R = 0 years) brings the top to the present and produces better correlations with the nearby Effingham Inlet paleo-earthquake chronology based only on terrestrial carbon requiring no reservoir correction. The high-resolution dating and facies analysis of Slipstream Slump in this isolated slope basin setting demonstrates that this is also a useful type of sedimentary target for sampling the paleoseismic record in addition to the more studied turbidites from submarine canyon and channel systems. The first 10 turbidites at Slipstream Slump were deposited between 10.8 and 6.6 ka BP, after which the system became sediment starved and only two more turbidites were deposited. The recurrence interval for the inferred frequent early Holocene megathrust earthquakes is 460 +/- 140 years, compatible with other estimates of paleoseismic megathrust earthquake occurrence rates along the subduction zone. C1 [Hamilton, T. S.] Camosun Coll, Dept Chem & Geosci, Victoria, BC V8P 5J2, Canada. [Enkin, Randolph J.; Riedel, Michael; Rogers, Garry C.] Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Benway, Heather M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Enkin, RJ (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada Pacific, POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM renkin@nrcan.gc.ca NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 405 EP 430 DI 10.1139/cjes-2014-0131 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CJ5TU UT WOS:000355554000005 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Barber-Meyer, S AF Mech, L. David Barber-Meyer, Shannon TI Yellowstone wolf (Canis lupus) density predicted by elk (Cervus elaphus) biomass SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gray wolf; Canis lupus; elk; Cervus elaphus; Yellowstone; population regulation; prey biomass; biomass index; intraspecific mortality ID POPULATION REGULATION; NATIONAL-PARK; WOLVES; COMMUNITY; HARVEST AB The Northern Range (NR) of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) hosts a higher prey biomass density in the form of elk (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) than any other system of gray wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) and prey reported. Therefore, it is important to determine whether that wolf-prey system fits a long-standing model relating wolf density to prey biomass. Using data from 2005 to 2012 after elk population fluctuations dampened 10 years subsequent to wolf reintroduction, we found that NR prey biomass predicted wolf density. This finding and the trajectory of the regression extend the validity of the model to prey densities 19% higher than previous data and suggest that the model would apply to wolf-prey systems of even higher prey biomass. C1 [Mech, L. David; Barber-Meyer, Shannon] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Mechx002@umn.edu OI Barber-Meyer, Shannon/0000-0002-3048-2616 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 26 U2 117 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1139/cjz-2015-0002 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CJ7LE UT WOS:000355675800010 ER PT J AU Chardon, NI Cornwell, WK Flint, LE Flint, AL Ackerly, DD AF Chardon, Nathalie I. Cornwell, William K. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. Ackerly, David D. TI Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of Pinus coulteri: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY; CONSEQUENCES; RESPONSES; MODELS; PINES AB With changing climate, many species are projected to move poleward or to higher elevations to track suitable climates. The prediction that species will move poleward assumes that geographically marginal populations are at the edge of the species' climatic range. We studied Pinus coulteri from the center to the northern (poleward) edge of its range, and examined three scenarios regarding the relationship between the geographic and climatic margins of a species' range. We used herbarium and records to identify P. coulteri sites, generated a species distribution model based on temperature, precipitation, climatic water deficit, and actual evapotranspiration, and projected suitability under future climate scenarios. In fourteen populations from the central to northern portions of the range, we conducted field studies and recorded elevation, slope and aspect (to estimate solar insolation) to examine relationships between local and regional distributions. We found that northern populations of P. coulteri do not occupy the cold or wet edge of the species' climatic range; mid-latitude, high elevation populations occupy the cold margin. Aspect and insolation of P. coulteri populations changed significantly across latitudes and elevations. Unexpectedly, northern, low-elevation stands occupy north-facing aspects and receive low insolation, while central, high-elevation stands grow on more south-facing aspects that receive higher insolation. Modeled future climate suitability is projected to be highest in the central, high elevation portion of the species range, and in low-lying coastal regions under some scenarios, with declining suitability in northern areas under most future scenarios. For P. coulteri, the lack of high elevation habitat combined with a major dispersal barrier may limit northward movement in response to a warming climate. Our analyses demonstrate the importance of distinguishing geographically vs. climatically marginal populations, and the importance of quantitative analysis of the realized climate space to understand species range limits. C1 [Chardon, Nathalie I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cornwell, William K.] Univ New S Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Ackerly, David D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol & Jepson Herbarium, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chardon, NI (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nathalie.chardon@colorado.edu OI Cornwell, Will/0000-0003-4080-4073 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We express our thanks to the Hastings and Big Creek Univ. of California Reserves, East Bay Parks, United States Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management for their help in locating P. coulteri stands and field work assistance, as well as for access to sites. We also thank the Jepson Herbarium for access to specimens, and Carla D'Antonia for her help in locating the central California P. coulteri stands. We thank Daniel F. Doak for advice on statistical analyses, and Adrian Das for helpful comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP3 and CMIP5, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Data for this article have been archived in figshare: doi: 10.6084/m9.fig-share.1060512 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 6 BP 590 EP 601 DI 10.1111/ecog.00780 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ7OA UT WOS:000355684500005 ER PT J AU Ennen, JR Lindeman, PV Lovich, JE AF Ennen, Joshua R. Lindeman, Peter V. Lovich, Jeffrey E. TI Intersexual allometry differences and ontogenetic shifts of coloration patterns in two aquatic turtles, Graptemys oculifera and Graptemys flavimaculata SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Allometry; coloration; epiphenomenon; Graptemys; sexual niche partitioning; sexual selection ID TAIL ORNAMENT SIZE; SEXUAL DICHROMATISM; HATCHLING TURTLES; TRACHEMYS-SCRIPTA; SPECIES-RECOGNITION; EVOLUTION; DIMORPHISM; SELECTION; EMYDIDAE; MIMICRY AB Coloration can play critical roles in a species' biology. The allometry of color patterns may be useful for elucidating the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for shaping the traits. We measured characteristics relating to eight aspects of color patterns from Graptemys oculifera and G.flavimaculata to investigate the allometric differences among male, female, and unsexed juvenile specimens. Additionally, we investigated ontogenetic shifts by incorporating the unsexed juveniles into the male and female datasets. In general, male color traits were isometric (i.e., color scaled with body size), while females and juvenile color traits were hypoallometric, growing in size more slowly than the increase in body size. When we included unsexed juveniles in our male and female datasets, our linear regression analyses found all relationships to be hypoallometric and our model selection analysis found support for nonlinear models describing the relationship between body size and color patterns, suggestive of an ontogenetic shift in coloration traits for both sexes at maturity. Although color is critical for many species' biology and therefore under strong selective pressure in many other species, our results are likely explained by an epiphenomenon related to the different selection pressures on body size and growth rates between juveniles and adults and less attributable to the evolution of color patterns themselves. C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.] Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Lindeman, Peter V.] Edinboro Univ Penn, Dept Biol & Hlth Serv, Edinboro, PA 16444 USA. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, 201 Chestnut St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM jre@tnaqua.org OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2296 EP 2305 DI 10.1002/ece3.1517 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CJ8DZ UT WOS:000355731300014 PM 26078863 ER PT J AU Welch, BC Boal, CW AF Welch, Brandi C. Boal, Clint W. TI PREY USE AND PROVISIONING RATES OF URBAN-NESTING MISSISSIPPI KITES IN WEST TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mississippi Kite; Ictinia mississippiensis; diet; nesting; parental care; prey; provisioning rates ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; COOPERS-HAWKS; ICTINIA-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; BREEDING ECOLOGY; SITE SELECTION; PARENTAL CARE; ARIZONA; ENVIRONMENT; FOOD; ABUNDANCE AB Urban ecosystems are attractive to several raptor species, including the Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis). To better understand the niche filled by urban-nesting Mississippi Kites, we observed nesting kites at 10 nests for a total of 269 hr during the breeding seasons of 2010 and 2011. We assessed prey delivery rates and prey use within and between years, evaluated the influences of nestling age, time of day, day of year, and local atmospheric conditions on delivery rates, and examined provisioning rates by male and female kites. A 62% decrease in the prey delivery rate, measured by the number of prey deliveries, from 2010 to 2011 was likely attributable to extreme heat and drought during the 2011 breeding season. However, total biomass of identified deliveries increased 38.9% in 2011 due to an increase in the percentage of avian prey (from 1% to 16% of identified deliveries). We suspect that differences in weather conditions between years influenced the type of prey delivered, and our modeling efforts indicated that year, nestling age, time of day, and temperature best explained the number of prey deliveries made per hour. On average, females delivered more prey items than males, but variability among nests suggested additional factors may influence parental effort. Our results suggest that Mississippi Kites exhibit prey switching under differing conditions. C1 [Welch, Brandi C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Welch, BC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM brandi.welch@ttu.edu NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 17 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CJ2LQ UT WOS:000355316700003 ER PT J AU Breyer, KE Getchell, RG Cornwell, ER Wooster, GA Ketola, HG Bowser, PR AF Breyer, Kate E. Getchell, Rodman G. Cornwell, Emily R. Wooster, Gregory A. Ketola, H. George Bowser, Paul R. TI Efficacy of an Extract from Garlic, Allium sativum, Against Infection with the Furunculosis Bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida, in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALLICIN; FISH; HYDROPHILA; VIRULENCE; SELECTION; WALBAUM; TILAPIA; GROWTH AB Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% of a garlic extract, challenged with a modified 50% lethal dose of Aeromonas salmonicida and monitored for 28 d. There were significant increases in survival of trout fed 0.5 and 1.0% garlic extract as compared to the control and 2.0% garlic extract groups. A target animal safety study was performed at varying increments using the target dose of 0.5% garlic extract at 0x (0% garlic extract), 1x (0.5% garlic extract), 3x (1.5% garlic extract), and 5x (2.5% garlic extract) for 3x (6wk) the duration of the original study. There was a significant increase in the level of circulating lymphocytes and a significant decrease in the level of circulating monocytes. The latter correlated to an increased level of pigment-containing macrophage centers within the renal tissue as garlic extract dosing increased, denoting a potential deleterious inflammatory effect as macrophage infiltration became severe at the highest dose. These studies suggest that feeding low-dose (0.5% or 1.0%) garlic extract improves survivability in rainbow trout when challenged with A. salmonicida and appears safe; however, higher levels do not appear to be effective and may cause deleterious effects on health. C1 [Breyer, Kate E.; Getchell, Rodman G.; Cornwell, Emily R.; Wooster, Gregory A.; Bowser, Paul R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ketola, H. George] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Breyer, KE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM keb245@cornell.edu FU Northeast Region of the National Research Support (NRSP7), The Minor Use Animal Drug Program through USDA CSREES [2010-34143-21171]; Residency Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Center for Animal Resources and Education, Ithaca, New York FX This work was funded in part by the Northeast Region of the National Research Support Project No. 7 (NRSP7), The Minor Use Animal Drug Program through USDA CSREES grant no. 2010-34143-21171. K. E. Breyer, DVM, was supported on a Residency Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine stipend from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine and the Center for Animal Resources and Education, Ithaca, New York. We thank the USGS Tunison Laboratory of Aquatic Science (Cortland, NY) for their collaboration and donation of fish and feed for this study, K. J. Maurer, DVM, DACLAM, PhD, for his assistance with statistical analysis and data interpretation, as well as L. L. Coffee, DVM, DACVP, for her gross pathology expertise, and H. Priest, DVM, DACVP, for her clinical pathology expertise. This article is contribution 1868 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-8849 EI 1749-7345 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 46 IS 3 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1111/jwas.12195 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ7MK UT WOS:000355679500004 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE Livieri, TM AF Eads, D. A. Biggins, D. E. Livieri, T. M. TI Spatial and temporal use of a prairie dog colony by coyotes and rabbits: potential indirect effects on endangered black-footed ferrets SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indirect effect; interaction modification; Mustela nigripes; Canis latrans; Sylvilagus; Cynomys ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; SIBERIAN POLECATS; HOME-RANGE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; RISK; MORTALITY; WOLVES; IDAHO; HARES AB In western North America, endangered black-footed ferrets Mustela nigripes are conserved via reintroduction to colonies of prairie dogs Cynomys spp., their primary prey. Predation is an important source of mortality; coyotes Canis latrans appear to be the most problematic predator, accounting for 67% of known predation events on radio-tagged ferrets. Little is known about what factors affect spatial use of prairie dog colonies by coyotes, or how other animals might affect interactions between coyotes and ferrets. During June-October 2007-2008, we used spotlight surveys to monitor coyotes and ferrets (both years) and rabbits Sylvilagus spp. (first year) on a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys ludovicianus in the Conata Basin, South Dakota. Coyotes appeared to select areas of the colony used by rabbits, suggesting coyotes hunted rabbits, a common item in their diet. Between midnight and sunrise, ferrets were most commonly observed during early morning (01:00-03:00h), whereas coyotes were observed mostly during dawn (04:00h - sunrise) when ferrets were rarely seen. These temporal differences in the timing of observations suggest ferrets tend to remain underground in burrows when coyotes are most active. Coyotes appeared to be attracted to rabbits in both space and time, suggesting the risk of predation for ferrets might relate to the abundance and locations of rabbits in prairie dog colonies. C1 [Eads, D. A.; Biggins, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, T. M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM david.eads@colostate.edu FU South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (State Wildlife Grant T35) [2435]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000] FX This research was made possible through the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (State Wildlife Grant T35, Study No. 2435), the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant No. 2006-0058-0000), the University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Denver Zoological Foundation and the Prairie Wildlife Research. Thanks to these supporters, and to W.F. Andelt, S.M. Grassel, J. Millspaugh, N. Bennett and three anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews of the paper. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 296 IS 2 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1111/jzo.12228 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CK1XX UT WOS:000356003900008 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG Young, CJ Dahal, D Sohl, TL Davis, B AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang Young, Claudia J. Dahal, Devendra Sohl, Terry L. Davis, Brian TI Projection of corn production and stover-harvesting impacts on soil organic carbon dynamics in the US Temperate Prairies SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE CHANGE; CROP RESIDUES; ECOSYSTEM; SEQUESTRATION; EROSION; PLAINS; TRENDS AB Terrestrial carbon sequestration potential is widely considered as a realistic option for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, this potential may be threatened by global changes including climate, land use, and management changes such as increased corn stover harvesting for rising production of cellulosic biofuel. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) at regional or global scale. This study simulated the corn production and spatiotemporal changes of SOC in the U.S. Temperate Prairies, which covers over one-third of the U.S. corn acreage, using a biogeochemical model with multiple climate and land-use change projections. The corn production (either grain yield or stover biomass) could reach 88.7-104.7 TgC as of 2050, 70-101% increase when compared to the base year of 2010. A removal of 50% stover at the regional scale could be a reasonable cap in view of maintaining SOC content and soil fertility especially in the beginning years. The projected SOC dynamics indicated that the average carbon sequestration potential across the entire region may vary from 12.7 to 19.6 g C/m(2)/yr (i.e., 6.6-10.2 g TgC/yr). This study not only helps understand SOC dynamics but also provides decision support for sustainable biofuel development. C1 [Wu, Yiping] US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang; Sohl, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Young, Claudia J.] Innovate Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Dahal, Devendra; Davis, Brian] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wu, YP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012; OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU U.S. Carbon Trends and Land Carbon (GEMS Modeling) projects FX This study was supported by the U.S. Carbon Trends and Land Carbon (GEMS Modeling) projects. The work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors thank Zhengxi Tan (ASRC Federal, contractor to USGS EROS) for performing internal review and Sandra Cooper (USGS) for further editing. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 10830 DI 10.1038/srep10830 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CJ6LU UT WOS:000355606100001 PM 26027873 ER PT J AU Martin, J Edwards, HH Fonnesbeck, CJ Koslovsky, SM Harmak, CW Dane, TM AF Martin, Julien Edwards, Holly H. Fonnesbeck, Christopher J. Koslovsky, Stacie M. Harmak, Craig W. Dane, Ted M. TI Combining information for monitoring at large spatial scales: First statewide abundance estimate of the Florida manatee SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Animal density; Bayesian approach; Distance sampling; Diving behavior; Marine mammals; Hierarchical models; Imperfect detection; Integrated population models; Marine mammals; N-mixture; Probability of availability; Population projection model ID AERIAL SURVEYS; DETECTION PROBABILITY; CETACEAN ABUNDANCE; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; AGGREGATION SITE; ATLANTIC COAST; MARINE MAMMALS; CONSERVATION; COUNTS; AVAILABILITY AB Monitoring abundance and distribution of organisms over large landscapes can be difficult. Because of challenges associated with logistics and data analyses uncorrected counts are often used as a proxy for abundance. We present the first statewide estimate of abundance for Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) using an innovative approach that combines multiple sources of information. We used a combination of a double-observer protocol, repeated passes, and collection of detailed diving behavior data to account for imperfect detection of animals. Our estimate of manatee abundance was 6350 (95%CI: 5310-7390). Specifically, we estimated 2790 (95%CI: 2160-3540) manatees on the west coast (2011), and 3560 (95%CI: 2850-4410) on the east coast (2012). Unlike uncorrected counts conducted since 1991, our estimation method considered two major sources of error: spatial variation in distribution and imperfect detection. The Florida manatee is listed as endangered, but its status is currently under review; the present study may become important for the review process. Interestingly, we estimated that 70% (95%Cl: 60-80%) of manatees on the east coast of Florida were aggregated in one county during our survey. Our study illustrates the value of combining information from multiple sources to monitor abundance at large scales. Integration of information can reduce cost, facilitate the use of data obtained from new technologies to increase accuracy, and contribute to encouraging coordination among survey teams from different organizations nationally or internationally. Finally, we discuss the applicability of our work to other conservation applications (e.g., risk assessment) and to other systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Martin, Julien; Edwards, Holly H.; Koslovsky, Stacie M.; Harmak, Craig W.; Dane, Ted M.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM julienmartin@usgs.gov; Holly.Edwards@MyFWC.com; chris.fonnesbeck@vanderbilt.edu; Stacie.Koslovsky@MyFWC.com; Craig.Harmak@MyFWC.com; teri_dane@yahoo.com FU Save the Manatee Trust Fund FX We are grateful to D. Fagan for spending a considerable amount of time processing data, creating maps and assisting with other key aspects of our surveys. We thank L. Ward-Geiger, R. Chandler, T. Gowan, E. Leone, B. Crowder, R. Mezich, S. Calleson, C. Knox, J.T. Fisher and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and insights. C. Boland, B. Mitchell and B. Combs helped with the creation of survey maps. C. Deutsch and A. Rycyk provided insights and information from their DTAG study. We thank pilots from Bay Air. This study was funded by Save the Manatee Trust Fund. Work was conducted under USFWS Federal research permit #MA773494. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 12 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 186 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.02.029 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI8ZX UT WOS:000355061300006 ER PT J AU Braham, M Miller, T Duerr, AE Lanzone, M Fesnock, A LaPre, L Driscoll, D Katzner, T AF Braham, Melissa Miller, Tricia Duerr, Adam E. Lanzone, Michael Fesnock, Amy LaPre, Larry Driscoll, Daniel Katzner, Todd TI Home in the heat: Dramatic seasonal variation in home range of desert golden eagles informs management for renewable energy development SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Aquila cluysaetos; Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan; Golden eagle; Home range; Mojave desert; Renewable energy ID RESOURCE SELECTION; HABITAT USE; WIND; ESTIMATORS; PATTERNS; RAPTOR AB Renewable energy is expanding quickly with sometimes dramatic impacts to species and ecosystems. To understand the degree to which sensitive species may be impacted by renewable energy projects, it is informative to know how much space individuals use and how that space may overlap with planned development. We used global positioning system global system for mobile communications (GPS-GSM) telemetry to measure year-round movements of golden eagles (Aquila cluysaetos) from the Mojave Desert of California, USA. We estimated monthly space use with adaptive local convex hulls to identify the temporal and spatial scales at which eagles may encounter renewable energy projects in the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan area. Mean size of home ranges was lowest and least variable from November through January and greatest in February March and May August. These monthly home range patterns coincided with seasonal variation in breeding ecology, habitat associations, and temperature. The expanded home ranges in hot summer months included movements to cooler, prey-dense, mountainous areas characterized by forest, grasslands, and scrublands. Breeding-season home ranges (October May) included more lowland semi-desert and rock vegetation. Overlap of eagle home ranges and focus areas for renewable energy development was greatest when eagle home ranges were smallest, during the breeding season. Golden eagles in the Mojave Desert used more space and a wider range of habitat types than expected and renewable energy projects could affect a larger section of the regional population than was previously thought. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Braham, Melissa] W Virginia Univ, Div Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Braham, Melissa; Miller, Tricia; Duerr, Adam E.; Katzner, Todd] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Lanzone, Michael] Cellular Tracking Technol, Somerset, PA 15501 USA. [Fesnock, Amy] Bur Land Management, Calif State Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [LaPre, Larry] Bur Land Management, Calif Desert Dist, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. [Driscoll, Daniel] Amer Eagle Res Inst, Apache Junction, AZ 85117 USA. [Katzner, Todd] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Katzner, Todd] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Braham, M (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Melissa.Braham@mail.wvu.edu OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU Bureau of Land Management [L11PX02237] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Bureau of Land Management, grant agreement L11PX02237. This research was approved by the West Virginia University Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) protocol #11-0304. At the time the research was conducted, T.K. and M.L. were owners of Cellular Tracking Technologies that manufactured the GPS-GSM transmitters used in this project. AF, TK, LL, TM, AED and ML developed the project; DD and colleagues trapped the eagles; MB, TIC, AED and TM analyzed the data; MB and TIC led writing and all authors contributed to revising and improving the manuscript. Brian Millsap, Dave Wiens and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments to improve the manuscript. This is Scientific Article No. 3243 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 186 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.020 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI8ZX UT WOS:000355061300026 ER PT J AU Crosby, AD Elmore, RD Leslie, DM Will, RE AF Crosby, Andrew D. Elmore, R. Dwayne Leslie, David M., Jr. Will, Rodney E. TI Looking beyond rare species as umbrella species: Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and conservation of grassland and shrubland birds SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Avian community; Bell's vireo; Dicksissel; Bewick's Wren; Grassland birds; Habitat restoration ID CAPERCAILLIE TETRAO-UROGALLUS; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; RESTORATION; OCCUPANCY; FORESTS; FLAGSHIPS; COMMUNITY; SELECTION AB Changes in land use and land cover throughout the eastern half of North America have caused substantial declines in populations of birds that rely on grassland and shrubland vegetation types, including socially and economically important game birds such as the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter bobwhites). As much attention is focused on habitat management and restoration for bobwhites, they may act as an umbrella species for other bird species with similar habitat requirements. We quantified the relationship of bobwhites to the overall bird community and evaluated the potential for bobwhites to act as an umbrella species for grassland and shrubland birds. We monitored bobwhite presence and bird community composition within 31 sample units on selected private lands in the south-central United States from 2009 to 2011. Bobwhites were strongly associated with other grassland and shrubland birds and were a significant positive predictor for 9 species. Seven of these, including Bell's Vireo (Vireo bell), Dicksissel (Spiza americana), and Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), are listed as species of conservation concern. Species richness and occupancy probability of grassland and shrubland birds were higher relative to the overall bird community in sample units occupied by bobwhites. Our results show that bobwhites can act as an umbrella species for grassland and shrubland birds, although the specific species in any given situation will depend on region and management objectives. These results suggest that efficiency in conservation funding can be increased by using public interest in popular game species to leverage resources to meet multiple conservation objectives. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crosby, Andrew D.; Elmore, R. Dwayne; Will, Rodney E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Crosby, AD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd,Room 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM crosbya1@msu.edu; dwayne.elmore@okstate.edu; cleslie@usgs.gov; rodney.will@okstate.edu RI Will, Rodney/G-8111-2011 FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation at Oklahoma State University [W-161-R (F10AF00180)]; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station at Oklahoma State University [W-161-R (F10AF00180)]; The Nature Conservancy's Weaver Grant Program; Oklahoma Ornithological Society; Payne County Audubon Society FX Funding was provided by the Pittman-Robertson Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act under project W-161-R (F10AF00180) of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station at Oklahoma State University with additional support from The Nature Conservancy's Weaver Grant Program, Oklahoma Ornithological Society, and Payne County Audubon Society. The project was administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). We thank all of the landowners who allowed us to conduct research on their property. Additionally, we thank M.G. Sams and E.M. Bartholomew of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, D.S. Wilson of the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University; E. F. Zipkin of the Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior program at Michigan State University; R.J.. Cervantes, C. Griffin, C.E. Chappell, and N. Hillis for assistance in the field; C. Park and M. Hough for assistance with data analysis; and M. Payton of the Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University for statistical consulting help. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although the software WinBUGS has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or the U.S. Government as to the accuracy and functioning of the program and related program material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 186 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.018 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI8ZX UT WOS:000355061300027 ER PT J AU Zarones, L Sussman, A Morton, JM Plentovich, S Faegre, S Aguon, C Amar, A Ha, RR AF Zarones, Lainie Sussman, Adrienne Morton, John M. Plentovich, Sheldon Faegre, Sarah Aguon, Celestino Amar, Arjun Ha, Renee Robinette TI Population status and nest success of the Critically Endangered Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi on Rota, Northern Mariana Islands SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BROWN TREE SNAKE; PACIFIC ISLAND; AVIFAUNA; TRENDS; PERSISTENCE; EXTINCTION; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; IMPACTS; BIRDS AB The Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi is a Critically Endangered species found only on the island of Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. It was extirpated from the neighbouring island of Guam by the introduced brown tree snake Boiga irregularis and the Rota population has been in decline since at least 1995. We identified only 60 pairs present on Rota in 2007 compared with an estimated 117 pairs in 1998, a decline of nearly 50% in nine years. The decline may be linked to proximity to human activities, though more data are needed. We monitored 204 crow nests between the 1996 and 2009 breeding seasons. Crows initiate clutches between August and April. The overall estimate of nest success was 25.7% (n = 204). On average 49% of pairs produced at least one fledgling per season. The mean number of fledglings per pair per year is 0.66. Mean clutch size was 2.6 (n = 82), mean number of nestlings was 1.4 (n = 106), and mean number of fledglings per nest was 1.3 (n = 68). Daily survival rates declined in later years, and increased during the nest cycle. The number of pairs with successful nests did not change during the study period, nor did the number of fledglings per pair. Predation appeared to be the primary cause of nest failure. The breeding season lasted around nine months and pairs re-nested after failure. Predation of adults and juveniles by cats, combined with possible inbreeding depression, habitat disturbance and human persecution appear to be the cause of decline of the Mariana Crow. We strongly recommend a programme of invasive predator control, habitat maintenance, and captive rearing to ensure the species' survival. C1 [Zarones, Lainie; Sussman, Adrienne; Faegre, Sarah; Ha, Renee Robinette] Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dededo, GU 96912 USA. [Plentovich, Sheldon] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Aguon, Celestino] USDA, Div Aquat & Wildlife Resources, Mangilao, GU 96913 USA. [Amar, Arjun] CNMI, Div Fish & Wildlife, Rota, CM 96951 USA. RP Zarones, L (reprint author), Dept Lands & Nat Resources, POB 10007, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. EM lainiezarones@gmail.com RI Amar, Arjun /F-3815-2011 OI Amar, Arjun /0000-0002-7405-1180 FU Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; Division of Fish and Wildlife; U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service FX We are grateful for the critical reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript by anonymous reviewers. This study was only possible because of the excellent professionalism shown by numerous biologists over the years: F. Amidon, M. Awasthy, M. Colon, G. Desy, B. Dicke, R. Dymzarov, J. Esselstyn, S. Farry, J. Graham, P. Hannon, J. Herriges, S. Holman, B. Hughes, J. Jackson, N. Johnson, M. Knight, S. Lawson, T. Lee, K. Levenstein, K. Livengood, B. Massey, B. O'Neil, M. Parker, M. Philippart, S. Pruett, L. Pulliam, J. Quitugua, R. Reed, E. Rehm, T. Reid, G. Robinson, D. Rollinson, M. Rogne, S. Seibel, T. Sharp, J. Shousky, N. Shutt, J. Stanaway, L. Tanino, R. Ulloa, M. Vamstad, E. Weiser, E. Wells, C. Willet, S. Wyshynski, and additional staff over the years from Guam's Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. L. Williams and S. Kremer provided logistical support, and S. Taisacan and D. Worthington provided field support, for work on Rota CNMI. We thank the many CNMI Department of Lands and Natural Resources Secretaries and Division of Fish and Wildlife Directors who have supported this work over the years, including A. Palacios, M. Pangelinan, I. Dela Cruz, S. Igisomar, R. Seman, and P. Hamilton. All research was conducted under Federal Endangered Species Permits FWSPIO-3, TE-032209-7/8 and TE-017352-14 Federal Bird Banding Permits 22570 and 22802, CNMI scientific collecting permit no. 01512, and an amended CNMI Fish and Game Permit 068-95-SPN. This work was financially supported by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Division of Fish and Wildlife and the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service (Endangered Species, Section 6). NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 2 BP 220 EP 233 DI 10.1017/S0959270914000045 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CJ2AY UT WOS:000355287800008 ER PT J AU Kraus, RT Knight, CT Farmer, TM Gorman, AM Collingsworth, PD Warren, GJ Kocovsky, PM Conroy, JD AF Kraus, Richard T. Knight, Carey T. Farmer, Troy M. Gorman, Ann Marie Collingsworth, Paris D. Warren, Glenn J. Kocovsky, Patrick M. Conroy, Joseph D. TI Dynamic hypoxic zones in Lake Erie compress fish habitat, altering vulnerability to fishing gears SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; TEMPORAL TRENDS; DEMERSAL FISHES; NORTH-CAROLINA; CENTRAL BASIN; BROWN SHRIMP; GREAT-LAKES; CONSEQUENCES AB Seasonal degradation of aquatic habitats from hypoxia occurs in numerous freshwater and coastal marine systems and can result in direct mortality or displacement of fish. Yet, fishery landings from these systems are frequently unresponsive to changes in the severity and extent of hypoxia, and population-scale effects have been difficult to measure except in extreme hypoxic conditions with hypoxia-sensitive species. We investigated fine-scale temporal and spatial variability in dissolved oxygen in Lake Erie as it related to fish distribution and catch efficiencies of both active (bottom trawls) and passive (trap nets) fishing gears. Temperature and dissolved oxygen loggers placed near the edge of the hypolimnion exhibited much higher than expected variability. Hypoxic episodes of variable durations were frequently punctuated by periods of normoxia, consistent with high-frequency internal waves. High-resolution interpolations of water quality and hydroacoustic surveys suggest that fish habitat is compressed during hypoxic episodes, resulting in higher fish densities near the edges of hypoxia. At fixed locations with passive commercial fishing gear, catches with the highest values occurred when bottom waters were hypoxic for intermediate proportions of time. Proximity to hypoxia explained significant variation in bottom trawl catches, with higher catch rates near the edge of hypoxia. These results emphasize how hypoxia may elevate catch rates in various types of fishing gears, leading to a lack of association between indices of hypoxia and fishery landings. Increased catch rates of fish at the edges of hypoxia have important implications for stock assessment models that assume catchability is spatially homogeneous. C1 [Kraus, Richard T.; Kocovsky, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Knight, Carey T.; Gorman, Ann Marie] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Fairport Fisheries Stn, Fairport Harbor, OH 44077 USA. [Farmer, Troy M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Collingsworth, Paris D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Warren, Glenn J.] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Conroy, Joseph D.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Inland Fisheries Res Unit, Hebron, OH 43025 USA. RP Kraus, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM rkraus@usgs.gov RI Conroy, Joseph/C-4463-2008 OI Conroy, Joseph/0000-0002-9561-7294 FU Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; Upper Midwest Great Lakes Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program [F-69-P] FX We are grateful for the cooperation and insights provided by commercial fishers, Joe and Jeff Herr, who provided coordinate data. We thank the numerous biological support staff and research vessel crew for their diligent contributions to obtain and process the data presented in this manuscript: Nick Agins, Stephanie Berkman, Betsy Bodamer-Scarbro, Tim Cherry, John Deller, Alex Ford, Theo Gover, Dale Hall, Kevin Keretz, Jeramy Pinkerton, Chelsea Schmit, Rachel Wirick, and Andrew Zimmerman. We are also grateful for a helpful review of this manuscript provided by Mark Vinson. Portions of this research were funded by the Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center and the Upper Midwest Great Lakes Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Support for ongoing and historical Lake Erie trawl recruitment assessments was funded by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (F-69-P, Fish Management in Ohio) administered jointly by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. The views expressed in this paper belong to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US-EPA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. This article is contribution number 1916 of the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 58 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 797 EP 806 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0517 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CJ1NW UT WOS:000355251400001 ER PT J AU Penaluna, BE Railsback, SF Dunham, JB Johnson, S Bilby, RE Skaugset, AE AF Penaluna, Brooke E. Railsback, Steve F. Dunham, Jason B. Johnson, Sherri Bilby, Robert E. Skaugset, Arne E. TI The role of the geophysical template and environmental regimes in controlling stream-living trout populations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS; RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; THERMAL REQUIREMENTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; HABITAT; SALMONIDS; FISH; ECOSYSTEMS AB The importance of multiple processes and instream factors to aquatic biota has been explored extensively, but questions remain about how local spatiotemporal variability of aquatic biota is tied to environmental regimes and the geophysical template of streams. We used an individual-based trout model to explore the relative role of the geophysical template versus environmental regimes on biomass of trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii). We parameterized the model with observed data from each of the four headwater streams (their local geophysical template and environmental regime) and then ran 12 simulations where we replaced environmental regimes (stream temperature, flow, turbidity) of a given stream with values from each neighboring stream while keeping the geophysical template fixed. We also performed single-parameter sensitivity analyses on the model results from each of the four streams. Although our modeled findings show that trout biomass is most responsive to changes in the geophysical template of streams, they also reveal that biomass is restricted by available habitat during seasonal low flow, which is a product of both the stream's geophysical template and flow regime. Our modeled results suggest that differences in the geophysical template among streams render trout more or less sensitive to environmental change, emphasizing the importance of local fish-habitat relationships in streams. C1 [Penaluna, Brooke E.; Johnson, Sherri] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Penaluna, Brooke E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Railsback, Steve F.] Lang Railsback & Associates, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bilby, Robert E.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. [Skaugset, Arne E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Penaluna, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bepenaluna@fs.fed.us OI Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 FU Environmental Protection Agency STAR Grant; J Frances Allen scholarship from American Fisheries Society; US Geological Survey to Oregon State University; Watersheds Research Cooperative; Oregon State University FX BEP was funded by an Environmental Protection Agency STAR Grant, a J Frances Allen scholarship from American Fisheries Society, a grant from the US Geological Survey to Oregon State University, the Watersheds Research Cooperative, and various scholarships at Oregon State University. I. Arismendi, L. Ganio, J. Hall, M. Betts, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. A. Evans gave statistical advice, and K. Ronnenberg helped with graphical illustrations. The use of trade or firm names here are for reader information only and do not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 893 EP 901 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0377 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CJ1NW UT WOS:000355251400009 ER PT J AU Read, EK Patil, VP Oliver, SK Hetherington, AL Brentrup, JA Zwart, JA Winters, KM Corman, JR Nodine, ER Woolway, RI Dugan, HA Jaimes, A Santoso, AB Hong, GS Winslow, LA Hanson, PC Weathers, KC AF Read, Emily K. Patil, Vijay P. Oliver, Samantha K. Hetherington, Amy L. Brentrup, Jennifer A. Zwart, Jacob A. Winters, Kirsten M. Corman, Jessica R. Nodine, Emily R. Woolway, R. Iestyn Dugan, Hilary A. Jaimes, Aline Santoso, Arianto B. Hong, Grace S. Winslow, Luke A. Hanson, Paul C. Weathers, Kathleen C. TI The importance of lake-specific characteristics for water quality across the continental United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE catchment geology; conductivity; drainage density; hydrogeology; hydrologic connectivity; land use; landscape limnology; morphology; National Lakes Assessment; nutrients; turbidity; water quality ID LAND-USE; FRESH-WATER; LANDSCAPE POSITION; PHOSPHORUS; ECOSYSTEMS; CLASSIFICATION; NITROGEN; FEATURES; STREAMS; SCALES AB Lake water quality is affected by local and regional drivers, including lake physical characteristics, hydrology, landscape position, land cover, land use, geology, and climate. Here, we demonstrate the utility of hypothesis testing within the landscape limnology framework using a random forest algorithm on a national-scale, spatially explicit data set, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's 2007 National Lakes Assessment. For 1026 lakes, we tested the relative importance of water quality drivers across spatial scales, the importance of hydrologic connectivity in mediating water quality drivers, and how the importance of both spatial scale and connectivity differ across response variables for five important in-lake water quality metrics (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, turbidity, and conductivity). By modeling the effect of water quality predictors at different spatial scales, we found that lake-specific characteristics (e.g., depth, sediment area-to-volume ratio) were important for explaining water quality (54-60% variance explained), and that regionalization schemes were much less effective than lake specific metrics (28-39% variance explained). Basin-scale land use and land cover explained between 45-62% of variance, and forest cover and agricultural land uses were among the most important basin-scale predictors. Water quality drivers did not operate independently; in some cases, hydrologic connectivity (the presence of upstream surface water features) mediated the effect of regional-scale drivers. For example, for water quality in lakes with upstream lakes, regional classification schemes were much less effective predictors than lake-specific variables, in contrast to lakes with no upstream lakes or with no surface inflows. At the scale of the continental United States, conductivity was explained by drivers operating at larger spatial scales than for other water quality responses. The current regulatory practice of using regionalization schemes to guide water quality criteria could be improved by consideration of lake-specific characteristics, which were the most important predictors of water quality at the scale of the continental United States. The spatial extent and high quality of contextual data available for this analysis makes this work an unprecedented application of landscape limnology theory to water quality data. Further, the demonstrated importance of lake morphology over other controls on water quality is relevant to both aquatic scientists and managers. C1 [Read, Emily K.; Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Patil, Vijay P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Oliver, Samantha K.; Dugan, Hilary A.; Hong, Grace S.; Winslow, Luke A.; Hanson, Paul C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hetherington, Amy L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brentrup, Jennifer A.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Zwart, Jacob A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Winters, Kirsten M.] Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Corman, Jessica R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Nodine, Emily R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Woolway, R. Iestyn] Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster LA1 4AP, Lancs, England. [Jaimes, Aline] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Santoso, Arianto B.] Univ Waikato, Dept Biol Sci, Hamilton 3420, New Zealand. RP Read, EK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM eread@usgs.gov OI Oliver, Samantha/0000-0001-5668-1165; Read, Emily/0000-0002-9617-9433; Corman, Jessica/0000-0002-2633-8080 FU National Science Foundation [1137353, 1137327] FX We offer special thanks to Pat Soranno, Emily Stanley, Shannon LaDeau, Jon Cole, and Clara Funk for valuable input on the results and interpretation. We are grateful to Cory McDonald and co-authors for the use of residence time data for the NLA lakes and to Corinna Gries for making the data publically accessible. This synthesis was supported by National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Awards # 1137353 and 1137327. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 61 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 BP 943 EP 955 DI 10.1890/14-0935.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ0TT UT WOS:000355191900006 PM 26465035 ER PT J AU Rattray, G AF Rattray, Gordon TI Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Mud Lake area, Eastern Idaho, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geochemistry; Evaporite deposits; Geochemical modeling; PHREEQC; Groundwater AB Groundwater with elevated dissolved-solids concentrations-containing large concentrations of chloride, sodium, sulfate, and calcium-is present in the Mud Lake area of Eastern Idaho. The source of these solutes is unknown; however, an understanding of the geochemical sources and processes controlling their presence in groundwater in the Mud Lake area is needed to better understand the geochemical sources and processes controlling the water quality of groundwater at the Idaho National Laboratory. The geochemical sources and processes controlling the water quality of groundwater in the Mud Lake area were determined by investigating the geology, hydrology, land use, and groundwater geochemistry in the Mud Lake area, proposing sources for solutes, and testing the proposed sources through geochemical modeling with PHREEQC. Modeling indicated that sources of water to the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer were groundwater from the Beaverhead Mountains and the Camas Creek drainage basin; surface water from Medicine Lodge and Camas Creeks, Mud Lake, and irrigation water; and upward flow of geothermal water from beneath the aquifer. Mixing of groundwater with surface water or other groundwater occurred throughout the aquifer. Carbonate reactions, silicate weathering, and dissolution of evaporite minerals and fertilizer explain most of the changes in chemistry in the aquifer. Redox reactions, cation exchange, and evaporation were locally important. The source of large concentrations of chloride, sodium, sulfate, and calcium was evaporite deposits in the unsaturated zone associated with Pleistocene Lake Terreton. Large amounts of chloride, sodium, sulfate, and calcium are added to groundwater from irrigation water infiltrating through lake bed sediments containing evaporite deposits and the resultant dissolution of gypsum, halite, sylvite, and bischofite. C1 US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Rattray, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1955 Fremont, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM grattray@usgs.gov OI Rattray, Gordon/0000-0002-1690-3218 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 73 IS 12 BP 8251 EP 8269 DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3988-9 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA CJ0DG UT WOS:000355142800050 ER PT J AU Kurth, L Kolker, A Engle, M Geboy, N Hendryx, M Orem, W McCawley, M Crosby, L Tatu, C Varonka, M DeVera, C AF Kurth, Laura Kolker, Allan Engle, Mark Geboy, Nicholas Hendryx, Michael Orem, William McCawley, Michael Crosby, Lynn Tatu, Calin Varonka, Matthew DeVera, Christina TI Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: sources and potential environmental and human health impacts SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Mountaintop removal mining; Atmospheric particulate matter; Lithogenic sources; Inorganic analysis; Organic analysis ID AIR-POLLUTION; WEST-VIRGINIA; MINING AREAS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; APPALACHIA; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY; HEART AB Mountaintop removal mining (MTM) is a widely used approach to surface coal mining in the US Appalachian region whereby large volumes of coal overburden are excavated using explosives, removed, and transferred to nearby drainages below MTM operations. To investigate the air quality impact of MTM, the geochemical characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from five surface mining sites in south central West Virginia, USA, and five in-state study control sites having only underground coal mining or no coal mining whatsoever were determined and compared. Epidemiologic studies show increased rates of cancer, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality in Appalachian surface mining areas compared to Appalachian non-mining areas. In the present study, 24-h coarse (> 2.5 A mu m) and fine (a parts per thousand currency sign2.5 A mu m) PM samples were collected from two surface mining sites in June 2011 showed pronounced enrichment in elements having a crustal affinity (Ga, Al, Ge, Rb, La, Ce) contributed by local sources, relative to controls. Follow-up sampling in August 2011 lacked this enrichment, suggesting that PM input from local sources is intermittent. Using passive samplers, dry deposition total PM elemental fluxes calculated for three surface mining sites over multi-day intervals between May and August 2012 were 5.8 +/- A 1.5 times higher for crustal elements than at controls. Scanning microscopy of 2,249 particles showed that primary aluminosilicate PM was prevalent at surface mining sites compared to secondary PM at controls. Additional testing is needed to establish any link between input of lithogenic PM and disease rates in the study area. C1 [Kurth, Laura; Hendryx, Michael; McCawley, Michael] W Virginia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Kolker, Allan; Engle, Mark; Geboy, Nicholas; Orem, William; Crosby, Lynn; Tatu, Calin; Varonka, Matthew; DeVera, Christina] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Engle, Mark] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Hendryx, Michael] Indiana Univ, Dept Appl Hlth Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Tatu, Calin] Univ Med & Pharm, Timisoara, Romania. RP Kurth, L (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, POB 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM lesch@mix.wvu.edu OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374; Varonka, Matthew/0000-0003-3620-5262 FU USGS Energy Resources Program FX We acknowledge the support of the USGS Energy Resources Program for participation in the study by USGS authors. For use of SEM-EDX facilities, we acknowledge the WVU Shared Research Facilities. We thank Ruth Wolf, analyst, for trace element data obtained at the USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center Laboratories, Denver, CO. Initial reviews by Madalyn Blondes and James L. Coleman, USGS, helped improve the manuscript as did subsequent reviews by Journal reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 15 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 EI 1573-2983 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD JUN PY 2015 VL 37 IS 3 BP 529 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s10653-014-9669-5 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA CJ2LY UT WOS:000355317500009 PM 25537164 ER PT J AU Funk, CC Hoell, A AF Funk, Chris C. Hoell, Andrew TI The Leading Mode of Observed and CMIP5 ENSO-Residual Sea Surface Temperatures and Associated Changes in Indo-Pacific Climate SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CIRCULATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; WARMING HIATUS; INDIAN-OCEAN; LONG RAINS; VARIABILITY; 20TH-CENTURY; REANALYSIS; DROUGHT; PROJECT AB SSTs in the western Pacific Ocean have tracked closely with CMIP5 simulations despite recent hiatus cooling in the eastern Pacific. This paper quantifies these similarities and associated circulation and precipitation variations using the first global 1900-2012 ENSO-residual empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of 35 variables: observed SSTs; 28 CMIP5 SST simulations; Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) 25-, 70-, and 171-m ocean temperatures and sea surface heights (SSHs); and Twentieth Century Reanalysis, version 2 (20CRv2), surface winds and precipitation. While estimated independently, these leading EOFs across all variables fit together in a meaningful way, and the authors refer to them jointly as the west Pacific warming mode (WPWM). WPWM SST EOFs correspond closely in space and time. Their spatial patterns form a "western V" extending from the Maritime Continent into the extratropical Pacific. Their temporal principal components (PCs) have increased rapidly since 1990; this increase has been primarily due to radiative forcing and not natural decadal variability. WPWM circulation changes appear consistent with a Matsuno-Gill-like atmospheric response associated with an ocean-atmosphere dipole structure contrasting increased (decreased) western (eastern) Pacific precipitation, SSHs, and ocean temperatures. These changes have enhanced the Walker circulation and modulated weather on a global scale. An AGCM experiment and the WPWM of global boreal spring precipitation indicate significant drying across parts of East Africa, the Middle East, the southwestern United States, southern South America, and Asia. Changes in the WPWM have tracked closely with precipitation and the increase in drought frequency over the semiarid and water-insecure areas of East Africa, the Middle East, and southwest Asia. C1 [Funk, Chris C.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat Syst Data Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Funk, Chris C.; Hoell, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Funk, CC (reprint author), Univ Santa Barbara, UCSB Climate Hazards Grp, 4716 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM chris@geog.ucsb.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [G09AC000001]; U.S. Agency for International Development Office of Food for Peace Award [AID-FFP-P-10-00002]; SERVIR Award [NNX13AQ95A]; USAID Famine Early Warning Systems Network; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Used Change program; NASA SERVIR Award [NNX13AQ95A]; NOAA Technical Transitions Grant [NA11OAR4310151] FX This research was supported by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Agreement G09AC000001 "Monitoring and Forecasting Climate, Water and Land Use for Food Production in the Developing World" with funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development Office of Food for Peace Award AID-FFP-P-10-00002 for "Famine Early Warning Systems Network Support" and SERVIR Award NNX13AQ95A for "Using CMIP5 and NASA GMAO Model Simulations to Improve East African Climate Predictions." This research was also supported by the USAID Famine Early Warning Systems Network, the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Used Change program, NASA SERVIR Award NNX13AQ95A, and NOAA Technical Transitions Grant NA11OAR4310151. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 11 BP 4309 EP 4329 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00334.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI9YE UT WOS:000355125900001 ER PT J AU Rossman, S Ostrom, PH Stolen, M Barros, NB Gandhi, H Stricker, CA Wells, RS AF Rossman, Sam Ostrom, Peggy H. Stolen, Megan Barros, Nelio B. Gandhi, Hasand Stricker, Craig A. Wells, Randall S. TI Individual specialization in the foraging habits of female bottlenose dolphins living in a trophically diverse and habitat rich estuary SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Individual specialization; Stable isotopes; Individual niche ID SARASOTA BAY; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ECOLOGY; PREY; SELECTION; FLORIDA; TEETH; DELTA-C-13; PATTERNS AB We examine individual specialization in foraging habits (foraging habitat and trophic level) of female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) resident in Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA, by analyzing time series of stable isotope (delta N-15 and delta C-13) values in sequential growth layer groups within teeth. The isotope data provide a chronology of foraging habits over the lifetime of the individual and allowed us to show that female bottlenose dolphins exhibit a high degree of individual specialization in both foraging habitat and trophic level. The foraging habits used by adult females are similar to those they used as calves and may be passed down from mother to calf through social learning. We also characterized the foraging habits and home range of each individual by constructing standard ellipses from isotope values and dolphin sightings data (latitude and longitude), respectively. These data show that Sarasota Bay bottlenose dolphins forage within a subset of the habitats in which they are observed. Moreover, females with similar observational standard ellipses often possessed different foraging specializations. Female bottlenose dolphins may demonstrate individual specialization in foraging habits because it reduces some of the cost of living in groups, such as competition for prey. C1 [Rossman, Sam; Ostrom, Peggy H.; Gandhi, Hasand] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rossman, Sam; Stolen, Megan] Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, Melbourne Beach, FL 32951 USA. [Barros, Nelio B.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rossman, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rossmans@msu.edu FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [0802267]; Marine Mammal Commission [E4047334] FX We thank the many Mote Marine Laboratory and Chicago Zoological Society staff members, interns, and volunteers who made this work. We especially thank Sarasota Dolphin Research Program staff Jason Allen, Elizabeth Berens McCabe, Krystan Wilkinson, Katie McHugh, Aaron Barleycorn and the Mote Marine Laboratory's Stranding Investigations Program staff for samples from dolphin carcasses. Samples from dolphins were collected under a series of National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permits since 1984 and Mote Marine Laboratory IACUC approvals. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (0802267) as well as Marine Mammal Commission Contract #E4047334. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government, Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zoological Society or Michigan State University. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2015 VL 178 IS 2 BP 415 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3241-6 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI6VF UT WOS:000354900700010 PM 25656585 ER PT J AU Mushet, DM Calhoun, AJK Alexander, LC Cohen, MJ DeKeyser, ES Fowler, L Lane, CR Lang, MW Rains, MC Walls, SC AF Mushet, David M. Calhoun, Aram J. K. Alexander, Laurie C. Cohen, Matthew J. DeKeyser, Edward S. Fowler, Laurie Lane, Charles R. Lang, Megan W. Rains, Mark C. Walls, Susan C. TI Geographically Isolated Wetlands: Rethinking a Misnomer SO WETLANDS LA English DT Review DE Adjacency; Connectivity gradients; Hydrogeomorphic classification; HGM; Rapanos; SWANCC; Wetland classification; Wetland connectivity ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE WETLANDS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-DAKOTA; GULF-COAST; CLASSIFICATION; CONNECTIVITY; WATER; COMPLEX; PERSPECTIVE; LANDSCAPE AB We explore the category "geographically isolated wetlands" (GIWs; i.e., wetlands completely surrounded by uplands at the local scale) as used in the wetland sciences. As currently used, the GIW category (1) hampers scientific efforts by obscuring important hydrological and ecological differences among multiple wetland functional types, (2) aggregates wetlands in a manner not reflective of regulatory and management information needs, (3) implies wetlands so described are in some way "isolated," an often incorrect implication, (4) is inconsistent with more broadly used and accepted concepts of "geographic isolation," and (5) has injected unnecessary confusion into scientific investigations and discussions. Instead, we suggest other wetland classification systems offer more informative alternatives. For example, hydrogeomorphic (HGM) classes based on well-established scientific definitions account for wetland functional diversity thereby facilitating explorations into questions of connectivity without an a priori designation of "isolation." Additionally, an HGM-type approach could be used in combination with terms reflective of current regulatory or policymaking needs. For those rare cases in which the condition of being surrounded by uplands is the relevant distinguishing characteristic, use of terminology that does not unnecessarily imply isolation (e.g., "upland embedded wetlands") would help alleviate much confusion caused by the "geographically isolated wetlands" misnomer. C1 [Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Calhoun, Aram J. K.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Alexander, Laurie C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cohen, Matthew J.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [DeKeyser, Edward S.] N Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Fowler, Laurie] Univ Georgia, Sch Law, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lane, Charles R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rains, Mark C.] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Walls, Susan C.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Mushet, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM dmushet@usgs.gov OI Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2015 VL 35 IS 3 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s13157-015-0631-9 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ2WU UT WOS:000355346200001 ER PT J AU Micacchion, M Stapanian, MA Adams, JV AF Micacchion, Mick Stapanian, Martin A. Adams, Jean V. TI Site-Scale Disturbance and Habitat Development Best Predict an Index of Amphibian Biotic Integrity in Ohio Shrub and Forested Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Wetlands; Disturbance; Habitat alteration; Holdout validation ID POPULATION DECLINES; SPECIES RICHNESS; POND OCCUPANCY; LANDSCAPE; FROGS; CONSERVATION; INDICATOR; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY; DISEASE AB We determined the best predictors of an index of amphibian biotic integrity calculated from 54 shrub and forested wetlands in Ohio, USA using a two-step sequential holdout validation procedure. We considered 13 variables as predictors: four metrics of wetland condition from the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM), a wetland vegetation index of biotic integrity, and eight metrics from a landscape disturbance index. For all iterations, the best model included the single ORAM metric that assesses habitat alteration, substrate disturbance, and habitat development within a wetland. Our results align with results of similar studies that have associated high scores for wetland vegetation indices of biotic integrity with low habitat alteration and substrate disturbance within wetlands. Thus, implementing similar management practices (e.g., not removing downed woody debris, retaining natural morphological features, decreasing nutrient input from surrounding agricultural lands) could concurrently increase ecological integrity of both plant and amphibian communities in a wetland. Further, our results have the unexpected effect of making progress toward a more unifying theory of ecological indices. C1 [Micacchion, Mick] Midwest Biodivers Inst, Hilliard, OH 43026 USA. [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2015 VL 35 IS 3 BP 509 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s13157-015-0638-2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ2WU UT WOS:000355346200008 ER PT J AU Glisson, WJ Conway, CJ Nadeau, CP Borgmann, KL Laxson, TA AF Glisson, Wesley J. Conway, Courtney J. Nadeau, Christopher P. Borgmann, Kathi L. Laxson, Thomas A. TI Range-wide Wetland Associations of the King Rail: A Multi-scale Approach SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Estuaries; Habitat use; Marsh bird; National Wetland Inventory; Species range; Spatial scale ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEYS; MANAGED COASTAL MARSHES; HABITAT USE; RALLUS-ELEGANS; NORTH-CAROLINA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIRDS; SELECTION; OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE AB King Rail populations have declined and identifying wetland features that influence King Rail occupancy can help prevent further population declines. We integrated continent-wide marsh bird survey data with spatial wetland data from the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) to examine wetland features that influenced King Rail occupancy throughout the species' range. We analyzed wetland data at 7 spatial scales to examine the scale(s) at which 68 wetland features were most strongly related to King Rail occupancy. Occupancy was most strongly associated with estuarine features and brackish and tidal saltwater regimes. King Rail occupancy was positively associated with emergent and scrub-shrub wetlands and negatively associated with forested wetlands. The best spatial scale for assessing King Rail occupancy differed among wetland features; we could not identify one spatial scale (among all wetland features) that best explained variation in occupancy. Future research on King Rail habitat that includes multiple spatial scales is more likely to identify the suite of features that influence occupancy. Our results indicate that NWI data may be useful for predicting occupancy based on broad habitat features across the King Rail's range, which may help inform management decisions for this and other wetland-dependent birds. C1 [Glisson, Wesley J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Nadeau, Christopher P.; Borgmann, Kathi L.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Laxson, Thomas A.] Univ Idaho, Gap Anal Program, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Glisson, WJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM wjglisson@gmail.com FU Department of Defense Legacy Program [W9132T-12-2-0026]; Gap Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by the Department of Defense Legacy Program (# W9132T-12-2-0026) and the Gap Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. K. Koch of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided marsh bird survey data from Indiana. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2015 VL 35 IS 3 BP 577 EP 587 DI 10.1007/s13157-015-0648-0 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ2WU UT WOS:000355346200014 ER PT J AU Ramskov, T Croteau, MN Forbes, VE Selck, H AF Ramskov, Tina Croteau, Marie-Noele Forbes, Valery E. Selck, Henriette TI Biokinetics of different-shaped copper oxide nanoparticles in the freshwater gastropod, Potamopyrgus antipodarum SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biokinetics; Copper; Invertebrate; Nanoecotoxicity; Particle shape; Sediment exposure ID DEPOSIT-FEEDING SNAIL; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; HEDISTE-DIVERSICOLOR; SCROBICULARIA-PLANA; CUO NANOPARTICLES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; MICRO-CUO; IN-VITRO; TOXICITY AB Sediment is recognized as a major environmental sink for contaminants, including engineered nanoparticles (NPs). Consequently, sediment-living organisms are likely to be exposed to NPs. There is evidence that both accumulation and toxicity of metal NPs to sediment-dwellers increase with decreasing particle size, although NP size does not always predict effects. In contrast, not much is known about the influence of particle shape on bioaccumulation and toxicity. Here, we examined the influence of copper oxide (CuO) NP shape (rods, spheres, and platelets) on their bioaccumulation kinetics and toxicity to the sediment-dwelling gastropod, Potamopyrgus antipodarum. The influence of Cu added as CuCl2 (i.e., aqueous Cu treatment) was also examined. Exposure to sediment mixed with aqueous Cu or with different-shaped CuO NPs at an average measured exposure concentration of 207 mu g Cu per g dry weight sediment for 14 days did not significantly affect snail mortality. However, growth decreased for snails exposed to sediment amended with CuO NP spheres and platelets. P. antipodarum accumulated Cu from all Cu forms/shapes in significant amounts compared to control snails. In addition, once accumulated, Cu was efficiently retained (i.e., elimination rate constants were generally not significantly different from zero). Consequently, snails are likely to concentrate Cu over time, from both aqueous and NP sources, resulting in a high potential for toxicity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramskov, Tina; Selck, Henriette] Roskilde Univ, Dept Environm Social & Spatial Change, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Croteau, Marie-Noele] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Forbes, Valery E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Ramskov, T (reprint author), Roskilde Univ, Dept Environm Social & Spatial Change, POB 260,Univ Vej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM tramskov@hotmail.com; mcroteau@usgs.gov; vforbes3@unl.edu; selck@ruc.dk OI Forbes, Valery/0000-0001-9819-9385 FU Roskilde University (Denmark); Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [214478 (NanoReTox)] FX The authors thank Superb Misra, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom for providing and characterizing the nanoparticles used. The PhD research leading to these results received funding from Roskilde University (Denmark), The Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation, and the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 214478 (NanoReTox). We are grateful to Cindy Brown (US Geological Survey, USA) and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 163 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.020 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA CI8VX UT WOS:000355050900007 PM 25863028 ER PT J AU Bernal, NA DeAngelis, DL Schofield, PJ Sealey, KS AF Bernal, Nicholas A. DeAngelis, Donald L. Schofield, Pamela J. Sealey, Kathleen Sullivan TI Predicting spatial and temporal distribution of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay through habitat suitability modeling SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Lionfish; GIS; Habitat suitability modeling; Invasive species; Biscayne Bay ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; BAHAMIAN CORAL-REEFS; INVASIVE LIONFISH; FLORIDA; FISHES; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; COMPLEX; COAST; MILES AB Invasive species may exhibit higher levels of growth and reproduction when environmental conditions are most suitable, and thus their effects on native fauna may be intensified. Understanding potential impacts of these species, especially in the nascent stages of a biological invasion, requires critical information concerning spatial and temporal distributions of habitat suitability. Using empirically supported environmental variables (e.g., temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, rugosity, and benthic substrate), our models predicted habitat suitability for the invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay, Florida. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a platform for the modeling process allowed us to quantify correlations between temporal (seasonal) fluctuations in the above variables and the spatial distribution of five discrete habitat quality classes, whose ranges are supported by statistical deviations from the apparent best conditions described in prior studies. Analysis of the resulting models revealed little fluctuation in spatial extent of the five habitat classes on a monthly basis. Class 5, which represented the area with environmental variables closest to the best conditions for lionfish, occupied approximately one-third of Biscayne Bay, with subsequent habitats declining in area. A key finding from this study was that habitat suitability increased eastward from the coastline, where higher quality habitats were adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and displayed marine levels of ambient water quality. Corroboration of the models with sightings from the USGS-NAS database appeared to support our findings by nesting 79 % of values within habitat class 5; however, field testing (i.e., lionfish surveys) is necessary to confirm the relationship between habitat classes and lionfish distribution. C1 [Bernal, Nicholas A.; DeAngelis, Donald L.; Sealey, Kathleen Sullivan] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Bernal, NA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM nbernal@bio.miami.edu FU National Science Foundation [DG1E-0951782]; USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science program; USGS Invasives Program FX The authors thank Dr. Vanessa McDonough (Biscayne National Park), Judd Patterson (National Park Service), and Omar Abdelrahman (DERM) for generously providing raw data used as model inputs. A special thanks to Dr. Shouraseni Sen Roy (University of Miami) and Chris Hanson (University of Miami) for all of their help in constructing, formatting, and troubleshooting our GIS models. We appreciate comments of Dr. Craig Layman (North Carolina State University) and an anonymous USGS reviewer. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DG1E-0951782. Don DeAngelis was supported by the USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science program. Pam Schofield was supported by the USGS Invasives Program. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1603 EP 1614 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0819-6 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH9RJ UT WOS:000354373500003 ER PT J AU Klug, PE Reed, RN Mazzotti, FJ McEachern, MA Vinci, JJ Craven, KK Adams, AAY AF Klug, Page E. Reed, Robert N. Mazzotti, Frank J. McEachern, Michelle A. Vinci, Joy J. Craven, Katelin K. Adams, Amy A. Yackel TI The influence of disturbed habitat on the spatial ecology of Argentine black and white tegu (Tupinambis merianae), a recent invader in the Everglades ecosystem (Florida, USA) SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Invasive species; Movement; Radio telemetry; Road ecology; Wetland restoration ID SOUTHERN BRAZIL; UNITED-STATES; CANE TOADS; INVASION; TEIIDAE; LIZARD; LANDSCAPE; SPREAD; AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS AB The threat of invasive species is often intensified in disturbed habitat. To optimize control programs, it is necessary to understand how degraded habitat influences the behavior of invasive species. We conducted a radio telemetry study to characterize movement and habitat use of introduced male Argentine black and white tegus (Tupinambis merianae) in the Everglades of southern Florida from May to August 2012 at the core and periphery of the introduced range. Tegus at the periphery moved farther per day (mean 131.7 +/- 11.6 m, n = 6) compared to tegus at the core (mean 50.3 +/- 12.4 m, n = 6). However, activity ranges were not significantly smaller in the core (mean 19.4 +/- 8.4 ha, n = 6) compared to periphery (mean 29.1 +/- 5.2 ha, n = 6). Peripheral activity ranges were more linear due to activity being largely restricted to levee habitat surrounded by open water or marsh. Tegus were located in shrub or tree habitat (mean 96%) more often than expected based on random locations (mean 58%), and the percent cover of trees and shrubs was higher in activity ranges (mean 61%) than the general study area (17%). Our study highlighted the ability of tegus to spread across the Florida landscape, especially in linear disturbed habitats where increased movement occurred and in areas of altered hydrology where movement is not restricted by water. C1 [Klug, Page E.; Reed, Robert N.; McEachern, Michelle A.; Craven, Katelin K.; Adams, Amy A. Yackel] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Vinci, Joy J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Klug, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pklug@usgs.gov OI Klug, Page/0000-0002-0836-3901 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USGS Invasive Species Program; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program; U.S. National Park Service FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USGS Invasive Species Program, USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program, and the U.S. National Park Service. We thank the staff of the Everglades National Park for their support. We thank R. Rozar, E. Metzger, M. Curtis, J. Duquesnel, S. Goetz, S. Farris, S. Williams, M. Squires, D. Smith, B. Smith, S. McKinley, T. Pernas, J. Edwards, E. Larrivee, M. Serota, R. Bijlani, V. Briggs, C. Speroterra, P. Campbell, and E. Lavergne for assistance. L. Bonewell provided project management. We thank M. Hayes and L. Fitzgerald for providing comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Research was approved by the USGS Fort Collins Science Center Institutional Animal Care and Use (IACUC) committee. Research permits were provided by Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission and South Florida Water Management District. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1785 EP 1797 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0834-7 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH9RJ UT WOS:000354373500017 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Long, AL Decker, C Johnson, KA Walsh, K Miller, ME AF Munson, Seth M. Long, A. Lexine Decker, Cheryl Johnson, Katie A. Walsh, Kathleen Miller, Mark E. TI Repeated landscape-scale treatments following fire suppress a non-native annual grass and promote recovery of native perennial vegetation SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; Cheatgrass; Colorado Plateau; Herbicide and seeding restoration treatments; Imazapic; Invasive species control; Pinyon-juniper woodland; Semi-arid; Zion National Park ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; GREAT-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CHEATGRASS; RANGELAND; DYNAMICS; USA; INVASIBILITY AB Invasive non-native species pose a large threat to restoration efforts following large-scale disturbances. Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is a non-native annual grass in the western U.S. that both spreads quickly following fire and accelerates the fire cycle. Herbicide and seeding applications are common restoration practices to break the positive fire-invasion feedback loop and recover native perennial species, but their interactive effects have infrequently been tested at the landscape-scale and repeated in time to encourage long-lasting effects. We determined the efficacy of repeated post-fire application of the herbicide imazapic and seeding treatments to suppress Bromus abundance and promote perennial vegetation recovery. We found that the selective herbicide reduced Bromus cover by similar to 30 % and density by > 50 % across our study sites, but had a strong initial negative effect on seeded species. The most effective treatment to promote perennial seeded species cover was seeding them alone followed by herbicide application 3 years later when the seeded species had established. The efficacy of the treatments was strongly influenced by water availability, as precipitation positively affected the density and cover of Bromus; soil texture and aspect secondarily influenced Bromus abundance and seeded species cover by modifying water retention in this semi-arid region. Warmer temperatures positively affected the non-native annual grass in the cool-season, but negatively affected seeded perennial species in the warm-season, suggesting an important role of seasonality in a region projected to experience large increases in warming in the future. Our results highlight the importance of environmental interactions and repeated treatments in influencing restoration outcomes at the landscape-scale. C1 [Munson, Seth M.; Long, A. Lexine] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Decker, Cheryl; Miller, Mark E.] Natl Pk Serv, Southeast Utah Grp, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Johnson, Katie A.] Natl Pk Serv, Lassen Volcanic Natl Pk, Mineral, CA 96063 USA. [Walsh, Kathleen] Natl Pk Serv, Zion Natl Pk, Springdale, UT 84767 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov FU National Park; U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was supported by funding from the National Park and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Linda Kerr, Kristin Legg, and Nate Benson for their support of this project. We also thank seasonal field crews at Zion National Park for taking vegetation measurements, and Matt Van Scoyoc, Jered Hansen, Harland Goldstein, and Jane Zelikova for technical assistance. Author contributions: M.E.M., C.D., and K.A.J. acquired funding and designed the research, K.W. collected the data, S.M.M. and A.L.L. analyzed the data and led the writing, and all authors contributed to the writing. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1915 EP 1926 DI 10.1007/s10530-015-0847-x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH9RJ UT WOS:000354373500026 ER PT J AU Shaffer, M AF Shaffer, Mark TI Changing filters SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Shaffer, M (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM mark_shaffer@fws.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 BP 611 EP 612 DI 10.1111/cobi.12507 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI1CD UT WOS:000354477300001 PM 25925872 ER PT J AU Comer, PJ Pressey, RL Hunter, ML Schloss, CA Buttrick, SC Heller, NE Tirpak, JM Faith, DP Cross, MS Shaffer, ML AF Comer, Patrick J. Pressey, Robert L. Hunter, Malcolm L., Jr. Schloss, Carrie A. Buttrick, Steven C. Heller, Nicole E. Tirpak, John M. Faith, Daniel P. Cross, Molly S. Shaffer, Mark L. TI Incorporating geodiversity into conservation decisions SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abiotic diversity; adaptive management; conservation planning; conservation policy; ecological diversity; diversidad abiotica; diversidad ecologica; manejo adaptativo; planeacion de la conservacion; politica de conservacion ID CAPE FLORISTIC REGION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; LAND FACETS; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; HIERARCHICAL APPROACH; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-AFRICA; CLASSIFICATION; ECOREGIONS AB In a rapidly changing climate, conservation practitioners could better use geodiversity in a broad range of conservation decisions. We explored selected avenues through which this integration might improve decision making and organized them within the adaptive management cycle of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring. Geodiversity is seldom referenced in predominant environmental law and policy. With most natural resource agencies mandated to conserve certain categories of species, agency personnel are challenged to find ways to practically implement new directives aimed at coping with climate change while retaining their species-centered mandate. Ecoregions and ecological classifications provide clear mechanisms to consider geodiversity in plans or decisions, the inclusion of which will help foster the resilience of conservation to climate change. Methods for biodiversity assessment, such as gap analysis, climate change vulnerability analysis, and ecological process modeling, can readily accommodate inclusion of a geophysical component. We adapted others' approaches for characterizing landscapes along a continuum of climate change vulnerability for the biota they support from resistant, to resilient, to susceptible, and to sensitive and then summarized options for integrating geodiversity into planning in each landscape type. In landscapes that are relatively resistant to climate change, options exist to fully represent geodiversity while ensuring that dynamic ecological processes can change over time. In more susceptible landscapes, strategies aiming to maintain or restore ecosystem resilience and connectivity are paramount. Implementing actions on the ground requires understanding of geophysical constraints on species and an increasingly nimble approach to establishing management and restoration goals. Because decisions that are implemented today will be revisited and amended into the future, increasingly sophisticated forms of monitoring and adaptation will be required to ensure that conservation efforts fully consider the value of geodiversity for supporting biodiversity in the face of a changing climate. Incorporacion de la Geodiversidad en las Decisiones de Conservacion En un clima que cambia rapidamente, quienes practican la conservacion podrian usar la geodiversidad de mejor manera en una gama amplia de deciones de conservacion. Exploramos vias selectas por medio de las cuales esta integracion puede mejorar la toma de decisiones y las organizamos dentro del ciclo de manejo adaptativo de evaluacion, planeacion, implementacion y monitoreo. En pocas ocasiones se menciona a la geodiversidad en las leyes y la politica ambiental predominantes. Como la mayoria de las agencias de recursos naturales bajo mandato de conservar ciertas categorias de especies, el personal de las agencias se ve enfrentado a encontrar formas de implementar de manera practica nuevas directivas con miras a salir adelante frente al cambio climatico mientras se retienen los mandatos centrados en especies. Las ecoregiones y las clasificaciones ecologicas proporcionan mecanismos claros para considerar a la geodiversidad en los planes o decisiones. Esta inclusion ayudara a fomentar la resiliencia de la conservacion ante el cambio climatico. Los metodos para la evaluacion de la biodiversidad, como el analisis de intervalo, el analisis de vulnerabilidad ante el cambio climatico, y el modelado de procesos ecologicos, pueden adaptarse pronto a la inclusion del componente geofisico. Adaptamos las estrategias de otros para caracterizar paisajes de resistente, a resiliente, a susceptible, y hasta sensible, a lo largo de un continuo de vulnerabilidad ante el cambio climatico de la biota que presentan y despues resumimos las opciones para integrar a la geodiversidad en la planeacion en cada tipo de paisaje. En los paisajes que son relativamente resistentes al cambio climatico, existen opciones para representar completamente a la geodiversidad mientras se asegura que los procesos ecologicos dinamicos pueden cambiar a lo largo del tiempo. En los paisajes mas susceptibles, las estrategias que buscan mantener o restaurar la resiliencia ambiental y la conectividad son primordiales. Implementar acciones sobre el suelo requiere del entendimiento de las restricciones geofisicas sobre las especies y un enfoque cada vez mas agil para establecer objetivos de manejo y restauracion. Ya que las decisiones que se implementan hoy en dia seran reconsideradas y modificadas hacia el futuro, se requeriran de formas de monitoreo y adaptacion cada vez mas sofisticadas para asegurar que los esfuerzos de conservacion consideren de lleno el valor de la geodiversidad para apoyar a la biodiversidad de frente al clima cambiante. Resumen C1 [Comer, Patrick J.] NatureServe, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Shaffer, Mark L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Sci Advisor, Dept Interior, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Pressey, Robert L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Hunter, Malcolm L., Jr.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Schloss, Carrie A.] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Buttrick, Steven C.] Nature Conservancy, Portland, OR 97214 USA. [Heller, Nicole E.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tirpak, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Faith, Daniel P.] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Cross, Molly S.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, North Amer Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Comer, PJ (reprint author), NatureServe, 2108 55th St,Suite 220, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM pat_comer@natureserve.org RI CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014 FU Doris Duke Charitable Trust FX We thank the Doris Duke Charitable Trust for providing support for the 2013 symposium and P. Beier, M. Hunter, and M. Anderson for coordinating the symposium and this special section. We also thank J. M. Scott, J. Pierce, P. Beier, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 BP 692 EP 701 DI 10.1111/cobi.12508 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI1CD UT WOS:000354477300010 PM 25923052 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Stern, H Kovacs, KM Lowry, L Moore, SE Regehr, EV Ferguson, SH Wiig, O Boveng, P Angliss, RP Born, EW Litovka, D Quakenbush, L Lydersen, C Vongraven, D Ugarte, F AF Laidre, Kristin L. Stern, Harry Kovacs, Kit M. Lowry, Lloyd Moore, Sue E. Regehr, Eric V. Ferguson, Steven H. Wiig, Oystein Boveng, Peter Angliss, Robyn P. Born, Erik W. Litovka, Dennis Quakenbush, Lori Lydersen, Christian Vongraven, Dag Ugarte, Fernando TI Arctic marine mammal population status, sea ice habitat loss, and conservation recommendations for the 21st century SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE circumpolar assessment; climate change; management; subsistence harvest; cambio climatico; caza para la subsistencia; evaluacion circumpolar; manejo ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOWHEAD WHALES; POLAR BEARS; RINGED SEAL; FUTURE; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY; CANADA; MITIGATION AB Arctic marine mammals (AMMs) are icons of climate change, largely because of their close association with sea ice. However, neither a circumpolar assessment of AMM status nor a standardized metric of sea ice habitat change is available. We summarized available data on abundance and trend for each AMM species and recognized subpopulation. We also examined species diversity, the extent of human use, and temporal trends in sea ice habitat for 12 regions of the Arctic by calculating the dates of spring sea ice retreat and fall sea ice advance from satellite data (1979-2013). Estimates of AMM abundance varied greatly in quality, and few studies were long enough for trend analysis. Of the AMM subpopulations, 78% (61 of 78) are legally harvested for subsistence purposes. Changes in sea ice phenology have been profound. In all regions except the Bering Sea, the duration of the summer (i.e., reduced ice) period increased by 5-10 weeks and by >20 weeks in the Barents Sea between 1979 and 2013. In light of generally poor data, the importance of human use, and forecasted environmental changes in the 21st century, we recommend the following for effective AMM conservation: maintain and improve comanagement by local, federal, and international partners; recognize spatial and temporal variability in AMM subpopulation response to climate change; implement monitoring programs with clear goals; mitigate cumulative impacts of increased human activity; and recognize the limits of current protected species legislation. Estado de las Poblaciones de Mamiferos Marinos del artico, la Perdida del Habitats de Hielo Marino y Recomendaciones de Conservacion para el Siglo XXI Los mamiferos marinos del artico (MMA) son emblemas del cambio climatico, principalmente por su asociacion cercana con el hielo marino. Sin embargo, no se encuentran disponibles ni una evaluacion circumpolar del estado de los MMA ni una medida estandarizada del cambio en el habitat de hielo marino. Resumimos los datos disponibles sobre la abundancia y la tendencia de cada especie de MMA y reconocimos subpoblaciones. Tambien examinamos la diversidad de especies, la extension del uso por parte de los humanos y las tendencias temporales en el habitat de hielo marino para doce regiones del artico al calcular las fechas del retroceso de los hielos en la primavera y de su avance en el otono a partir de datos satelitales (1979-2013). Los estimados de abundancia de MMA variaron enormemente en calidad y pocos estudios fueron lo suficientemente largos como para realizar un analisis de tendencia. De las subpoblaciones de MMA, el 78% (61 de 78) son cazadas legalmente por razones de subsistencia. Los cambios en la fenologia del hielo marino han sido profundos. En todas las regiones, salvo el Mar de Bering, la duracion del periodo de verano (es decir, la reduccion del hielo) incremento por 5-10 semanas y por >20 semanas en el Mar de Barents entre 1979 y 2013. A razon de los datos generalmente pobres, la importancia del uso por parte de los humanos y los cambios ambientales pronosticados para el Siglo XX1, recomendamos lo siguiente para la conservacion efectiva de los MMA: mantener y mejorar el co-manejo por parte de los socios locales, federales e internacionales; reconocer la variabilidad temporal y espacial en la respuesta de las sub-poblaciones de MMA al cambio climatico; implementar el monitoreo de programas con objetivos claros; mitigar los impactos acumulativos del incremento de la actividad humana; y reconocer los limites de la legislacion actual para las especies protegidas. Resumen C1 [Laidre, Kristin L.; Stern, Harry] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Kovacs, Kit M.; Lydersen, Christian; Vongraven, Dag] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Lowry, Lloyd] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ferguson, Steven H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Boveng, Peter; Angliss, Robyn P.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.; Born, Erik W.; Ugarte, Fernando] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Litovka, Dennis] ChukotTINRO, Anadyr 689000, Chukotka, Russia. [Quakenbush, Lori] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM klaidre@uw.edu RI Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012 OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251 FU Danish Ministry of the Environment; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; NASA [NNX13AN28G, NNX11AO63G] FX Thanks to CAFF Arctic Biodiversity Assessment mammal chapter coleaders, D. Reid and D. Berteaux, and authors J. Garlich-Miller, E. Peacock, and M. Simpkins who contributed to that work. K.L.L. was supported by the Danish Ministry of the Environment, the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, and, together with H.S., supported by NASA grants NNX13AN28G and NNX11AO63G. J. Estes, M. Robards, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided useful input. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or NOAA. NR 68 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 68 U2 236 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 BP 724 EP 737 DI 10.1111/cobi.12474 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI1CD UT WOS:000354477300013 PM 25783745 ER PT J AU Gabriel, MC Axelrad, D Orem, W Osborne, TZ AF Gabriel, Mark C. Axelrad, Don Orem, William Osborne, Todd Z. TI Response to Julian et al. (2015) "Comment on and Reinterpretation of Gabriel et al. (2014) 'Fish Mercury and Surface Water Sulfate Relationships in the Everglades Protection Area'" SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Everglades; Sulfate; Mercury; Fish ID CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE CYPERACEAE; SEDIMENT PORE WATERS; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; METHYLATING BACTERIA; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; SULFUR; SULFIDE; WETLAND; AVAILABILITY; SPECIATION AB The purpose of this forum is to respond to a rebuttal submitted by Julian et al., Environ Manag 55:1-5, 2015 where they outlined their overall disagreement with the data preparation, methods, and interpretation of results presented in Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583-593, 2014). Here, we provide background information on the research premise presented in Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583-593, 2014) and provide a defense for this work using five themes. In spite of what Julian et al. perceive as limitations in the sampling methods and analytical tools used for this work, the relationships found between fish total mercury and surface water sulfate concentrations in Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583-593, 2014) are comparable to relationships between pore water methylmercury (MeHg) and pore water sulfate found in past studies indicating that sulfate is important to MeHg production and bioaccumulation in the Everglades. Julian et al. state "aEuro broken vertical bar there is no way to justify any ecosystem-wide sulfur strategy as a management approach to reduce mercury risk in the (Everglades) as suggested by Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583-593, 2014), Corrales et al. (Sci Tot Environ 409:2156-2162, 2011) and Orem et al. (Rev Environ Sci Technol 41 (S1):249-288, 2011)." We disagree, and having stated why sulfate input reduction to the Everglades may be the most effective means of reducing mercury in Everglades fish, it is important that research on sulfur and mercury biogeochemistry continues. If further studies support the relationship between sulfate loading reduction and MeHg reduction, sulfur mass balance studies should commence to (1) better quantify agricultural and connate seawater sulfate inputs and (2) define opportunities to reduce sulfate inputs to the Everglades ecosystem. C1 [Gabriel, Mark C.] Int Joint Commiss, Washington, DC 20440 USA. [Axelrad, Don] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Orem, William] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Osborne, Todd Z.] Univ Florida, Wetland Biogeochem Lab, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Osborne, Todd Z.] Univ Florida, Whitney Lab Marine Biosci, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. RP Gabriel, MC (reprint author), Int Joint Commiss, 2000 L St NW,Suite 615, Washington, DC 20440 USA. EM marklive02@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1227 EP 1231 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0486-0 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI4ON UT WOS:000354730700002 PM 25860595 ER PT J AU Laub, BG Jimenez, J Budy, P AF Laub, Brian G. Jimenez, Justin Budy, Phaedra TI Application of Science-Based Restoration Planning to a Desert River System SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Native fish; Riparian vegetation; River restoration; Site prioritization; Systematic planning ID STRATEGIC ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; SAN RAFAEL RIVER; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; COLORADO RIVER; FLOW REGIMES; NEW-MEXICO; ECOLOGY; STREAM; HABITAT AB Persistence of many desert river species is threatened by a suite of impacts linked to water infrastructure projects that provide human water security where water is scarce. Many desert rivers have undergone regime shifts from spatially and temporally dynamic ecosystems to more stable systems dominated by homogenous physical habitat. Restoration of desert river systems could aid in biodiversity conservation, but poses formidable challenges due to multiple threats and the infeasibility of recovery to pre-development conditions. The challenges faced in restoring desert rivers can be addressed by incorporating scientific recommendations into restoration planning efforts at multiple stages, as demonstrated here through an example restoration project. In particular, use of a watershed-scale planning process can identify data gaps and irreversible constraints, which aid in developing achievable restoration goals and objectives. Site-prioritization focuses limited the resources for restoration on areas with the greatest potential to improve populations of target organisms. Investment in research to understand causes of degradation, coupled with adoption of a guiding vision is critical for identifying feasible restoration actions that can enhance river processes. Setting monitoring as a project goal, developing hypotheses for expected outcomes, and implementing restoration as an experimental design will facilitate adaptive management and learning from project implementation. Involvement of scientists and managers during all planning stages is critical for developing process-based restoration actions and an implementation plan to maximize learning. The planning process developed here provides a roadmap for use of scientific recommendations in future efforts to recover dynamic processes in imperiled riverine ecosystems. C1 [Laub, Brian G.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jimenez, Justin] Utah State Off, Bur Land Management, Salt Lake City, UT 84101 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Laub, BG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Ctr Ecol, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM laubbriang@gmail.com FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Bring Back the Natives Program [0901.11.027140]; U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Restoration planning was supported by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Bring Back the Natives Program, Project 0901.11.027140. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind). The efforts of all individuals on the San Rafael Restoration team made restoration planning possible, particularly J. Bottcher, S. Fortney, and T. Walsworth through their detailed scientific investigations. The manuscript was substantially improved by comments from P. Belmont and two reviewers on previous drafts. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1246 EP 1261 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0481-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI4ON UT WOS:000354730700004 PM 25850614 ER PT J AU Meier, JR Lazorchak, JM Mills, M Wernsing, P Baumann, PC AF Meier, John R. Lazorchak, James M. Mills, Marc Wernsing, Paul Baumann, Paul C. TI Monitoring exposure of brown bullheads and benthic macroinvertebrates to sediment contaminants in the Ashtabula river before, during, and after remediation SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Genotoxicity; Sediment chemistry; Sediment remediation ID AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; COMET ASSAY; DNA-DAMAGE; TUMORS; FISH; BIOMARKERS; OHIO; BAY AB In 2007, approximately 420500 cubic meters of contaminated sediment were removed from the Ashtabula River by dredging. The primary objective of the present study was to monitor contaminant exposure in fish and macroinvertebrates before, during, and after dredging. This was done by measuring tissue concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in brown bullhead catfish (Ameriurus nebulosa) and in benthic macroinvertebrates, assessing changes in DNA damage in fish liver and blood, and scoring external and histopathological lesions and anomalies in the fish. In surficial sediment PCBs and PAHs were also quantified in conjunction with the biological sampling. The results show a significant reduction in contaminant levels in both fish and macroinvertebrates following dredging, indicating the effectiveness of the remediation in reducing exposure of biota to the primary contaminants of concern. Similarly, DNA damage levels in fish collected from the Ashtabula River significantly declined following dredging; however, a similar reduction in DNA damage over time was seen in fish collected from a reference site (Conneaut Creek), making interpretation difficult. Macroinvertebrate PCB concentrations were reflective of the sediment concentrations in the areas where Hester-Dendy samplers were deployed for macroinvertebrate collection. The present study demonstrates that these methods can be used to evaluate and assess the effectiveness of remediation techniques at contaminated sediment sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1267-1276. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Meier, John R.] US EPA, Natl Council Aging, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lazorchak, James M.; Mills, Marc; Wernsing, Paul] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Baumann, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. RP Lazorchak, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lazorchak.jim@epa.gov RI Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017; OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086; Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The research reported in this document was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This manuscript has been subjected to the agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Battelle Memorial Institute (Columbus, OH) assisted in the collection and retrieval of Hester-Dendy samplers and surficial sediment samples. Chemical analyses were performed by Battelle Memorial Institute (Duxbury, MA). Statistical analyses were performed by S. Fitchett of Neptune. The authors thank A. Biales for his review and comments on the manuscript. The authors acknowledge the technical review and editing provided by J. Rhodus, CSS-Dynamac. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1276 DI 10.1002/etc.2877 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CJ0FY UT WOS:000355152400009 PM 25565098 ER PT J AU Elskus, AA Ingersoll, CG Kemble, NE Echols, KR Brumbaugh, WG Henquinet, JW Watten, BJ AF Elskus, Adria A. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kemble, Nile E. Echols, Kathy R. Brumbaugh, William G. Henquinet, Jeffrey W. Watten, Barnaby J. TI An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide-based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hyalella azteca; Invasive species; Ballast discharge permit; Aquatic toxicology; Water quality ID HYALELLA-AZTECA; GREAT-LAKES; SEDIMENTS; NITRITE; INVERTEBRATES; CLADOCERANS; BICARBONATE; ALKALINITY; DIESEL; ENGINE AB Nonnative organisms in the ballast water of freshwater ships must be killed to prevent the spread of invasive species. The ideal ballast water treatment system (BWTS) would kill 100% of ballast water organisms with minimal residual toxicity to organisms in receiving waters. In the present study, the residual toxicity and chemistry of a BWTS was evaluated. Sodium hydroxide was added to elevate pH to >11.5 to kill ballast water organisms, then reduced to pH <9 by sparging with wet-scrubbed diesel exhaust (the source of CO2). Cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia), amphipods (Hyalella azteca), and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 2 d to BWTS water under an air atmosphere (pH drifted to 9) or a 2.5% CO2 atmosphere (pH 7.5-8.2), then transferred to control water for 5d to assess potential delayed toxicity. Chemical concentrations in the BWTS water met vessel discharge guidelines with the exception of concentrations of copper. There was little to no residual toxicity to cladocerans or fish, but the BWTS water was toxic to amphipods. Maintaining a neutral pH and diluting BWTS water by 50% eliminated toxicity to the amphipods. The toxicity of BWTS water would likely be minimal because of rapid dilution in the receiving water, with subsurface release likely preventing pH rise. This BWTS has the potential to become a viable method for treating ballast water released into freshwater systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1405-1416. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Elskus, Adria A.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Field Off, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kemble, Nile E.; Echols, Kathy R.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Henquinet, Jeffrey W.] Henquinet Consulting, Houghton, MI USA. [Watten, Barnaby J.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Elskus, AA (reprint author), Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Field Off, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM aelskus@usgs.gov FU USEPA's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the National Parks of Lake Superior Foundation FX Expert technical assistance was provided by J. Zajicek, D. Hardesty, B. Stahlschmidt, and J. Besser (Columbia Environmental Research Center). C. Mebane (US Geological Survey, Idaho) graciously provided biotic ligand model-based criteria for copper for Lake Ontario and Lake Superior. Helpful comments were provided by D. Mount (USEPA, Duluth, MN), P. Sibrell (US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center), D. Soucek (Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL, USA), A. Farag (Columbia Environmental Research Center), and 2 anonymous reviewers. J. Besser (Columbia Environmental Research Center) and D. Smith (US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center) provided expert statistical advice. The present study was funded by the USEPA's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the National Parks of Lake Superior Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1416 DI 10.1002/etc.2943 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CJ0FY UT WOS:000355152400024 PM 25693486 ER PT J AU Buckler, J Candrl, JS McKee, MJ Papoulias, DM Tillitt, DE Galat, DL AF Buckler, Justin Candrl, James S. McKee, Michael J. Papoulias, Diana M. Tillitt, Donald E. Galat, David L. TI Sensitivity of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and pallid sturgeon (S-albus) early life stages to 3,3,4,4,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Persistent organic pollutant; Dioxin; Dose-response modeling; Early life stage; Developmental abnormality ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; LAKE TROUT; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; ATLANTIC STURGEON; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; TCDD; DIOXIN AB Concern exists that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may be contributing to the current decline of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and the US federally endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Waterborne exposures with newly fertilized eggs were used to assess developmental and morphological effects of 2 of the most potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, 3,3,4,4,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), on early life stage shovelnose and pallid sturgeon. No dose-related effects of PCB-126 were observed on percent development or hatch in either species at concentrations as high as 1711 ng/g egg. Effects of TCDD on percent development were not assessed in shovelnose sturgeon. However, percent development was not affected by TCDD in pallid sturgeon, and percent hatch was unaffected by TCDD doses as high as 60 ng/g egg to 81 ng/g egg in either species. Morphological pathologies such as yolk sac edema and craniofacial deformities were typical of AhR agonist exposure and were similar in both species. Calculated PCB-126 50% lethal dose (LD50, 95% fiducial limits) values were 196ng/g egg (188-203ng/g) for shovelnose and 159ng/g egg (122-199ng/g) for pallid sturgeon. Likewise, calculated TCDD LD50 values were 13ng/g egg (11-15ng/g) for shovelnose and 12ng/g egg (10-14ng/g) for pallid sturgeon. These LD50 values are among the highest recorded in early life stage fish, suggesting that early life stage Scaphirhynchus sturgeon may be comparatively insensitive to AhR agonists. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1417-1424. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Buckler, Justin; Galat, David L.] Univ Missouri, Univ Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Candrl, James S.; Papoulias, Diana M.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [McKee, Michael J.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Cent Reg Off, Columbia, MO USA. [McKee, Michael J.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Buckler, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Univ Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Justin.Buckler@dnr.mo.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Missouri Department of Conservation FX We thank M. Coffey of the US Fish and Wildlife Service for funding for the 2003 exposure study. Funding for the 2009 exposure studies was provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation to the University of Missouri. M. Annis, R. Claunch, D. Nicks, L. Tracy, and V. Velez-Rivera provided technical assistance. M. Ellersieck provided assistance in statistical analysis. R. Hayward provided initial comments on the manuscript, and K. Buhl reviewed an earlier version. We thank the River Studies Program at Columbia Environmental Research Center and the Missouri Department of Conservation for fish collection and permission to use them. This paper is a contribution from the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Missouri Department of Conversation, University of Missouri, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1424 DI 10.1002/etc.2950 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CJ0FY UT WOS:000355152400025 PM 25703836 ER PT J AU Klein, ZB Quist, MC Rhea, DT Senecal, AC AF Klein, Z. B. Quist, M. C. Rhea, D. T. Senecal, A. C. TI Sampling techniques for burbot in a western non-wadeable river SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; detectability; gear evaluation; Green River; non-wadeable river ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; HABITAT USE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; MISSOURI RIVER; LOTA-LOTA; OCCUPANCY; STREAMS; LAKES; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE AB Burbot, Lota lota (L.), populations are declining throughout much of their native distribution. Although numerous aspects of burbot ecology are well understood, less is known about effective sampling techniques for burbot in lotic systems. Occupancy models were used to estimate the probability of detection ((p) over bar) for three gears (6.4- and 19-mm bar mesh hoop nets, night electric fishing), within the context of various habitat characteristics. During the summer, night electric fishing had the highest estimated detection probability for both juvenile ((p) over bar, 95% C.I.; 0.35, 0.26-0.46) and adult (0.30, 0.20-0.41) burbot. However, small-mesh hoop nets (6.4-mm bar mesh) had similar detection probabilities to night electric fishing for both juvenile (0.26, 0.17-0.36) and adult (0.27, 0.18-0.39) burbot during the summer. In autumn, a similar overlap between detection probabilities was observed for juvenile and adult burbot. Small-mesh hoop nets had the highest estimated probability of detection for both juvenile and adult burbot (0.46, 0.33-0.59), whereas night electric fishing had a detection probability of 0.39 (0.28-0.52) for juvenile and adult burbot. By using detection probabilities to compare gears, the most effective sampling technique can be identified, leading to increased species detections and more effective management of burbot. C1 [Klein, Z. B.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, M. C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Rhea, D. T.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY USA. [Senecal, A. C.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Green River, WY USA. RP Klein, ZB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM klei7686@vandals.uidaho.edu FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department; U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho, Idaho Department of Fish and Game and Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank J. Johnson and S. Opitz for the assistance with field research. We also thank R. Keith, H. Sexauer, M. Smith and T. Neebling of Wyoming Game and Fish Department for their assistance in the planning and implementation of field research. We thank E. Buzbas, A. Dux, F. Wilhelm and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Assistance with occupancy models was received from D. MacKenzie, J. Nichols, J. Hines and L. Bailey. Funding for the project was provided by Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho, Idaho Department of Fish and Game and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2011-33. The use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1111/fme.12118 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CI1GR UT WOS:000354492100003 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Brunelle, A Thompson, RS AF Anderson, Lesleigh Brunelle, Andrea Thompson, Robert S. TI A multi-proxy record of hydroclimate, vegetation, fire, and post-settlement impacts for a subalpine plateau, central Rocky Mountains, USA SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE Bison Lake; charcoal; Colorado; grasslands; pollen; subalpine; X-ray fluorescence ID SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHARCOAL ACCUMULATION; COLORADO; LAKE; HISTORY; POLLEN; SEDIMENT; REGIME; CARBON AB Apparent changes in vegetation distribution, fire, and other disturbance regimes throughout western North America have prompted investigations of the relative importance of human activities and climate change as potential causal mechanisms. Assessing the effects of Euro-American settlement is difficult because climate changes occur on multi-decadal to centennial time scales and require longer time perspectives than historic observations can provide. Here, we report vegetation and environmental changes over the past 13,000 years as recorded in a sediment record from Bison Lake, a subalpine lake on a high plateau in northwestern Colorado. Results are based on multiple independent proxies, which include pollen, charcoal, and elemental geochemistry, and are compared with previously reported interpretations of hydroclimatic changes from oxygen isotope ratios. The pollen data indicate a slowly changing vegetation sequence from sagebrush steppe during the late glacial to coniferous forest through the late Holocene. The most dramatic vegetation changes of the Holocene occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly' (MCA) and Little Ice Age' (LIA) with rapid replacement of conifer forest by grassland followed by an equally rapid return to conifer forest. Late Holocene vegetation responses are mirrored by changes in fire, lake biological productivity, and watershed erosion. These combined records indicate that subsequent disturbance related to Euro-American settlement, although perhaps significant, had acted upon a landscape that was already responding to MCA-LIA hydroclimatic change. Results document both rapid and long-term subalpine grassland ecosystem dynamics driven by agents of change that can be anticipated in the future and simulated by ecosystem models. C1 [Anderson, Lesleigh; Thompson, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Brunelle, Andrea] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046 MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM land@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program FX The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program provided the support for this research. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 30 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD JUN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 6 BP 932 EP 943 DI 10.1177/0959683615574583 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CI6IC UT WOS:000354861200005 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SM Grasby, SE McIntosh, JC Osborn, SG AF Hamilton, Stewart M. Grasby, Stephen E. McIntosh, Jennifer C. Osborn, Stephen G. TI The effect of long-term regional pumping on hydrochemistry and dissolved gas content in an undeveloped shale-gas-bearing aquifer in southwestern Ontario, Canada SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hydrochemistry; Shale gas; Water supply; Methane; Canada ID SOUTHERN ONTARIO; FORMATION WATERS; MICHIGAN BASIN; IODINE; GEOCHEMISTRY; METHANE; ORIGIN; DIAGENESIS; DEPOSITS; BROMINE AB Baseline groundwater geochemical mapping of inorganic and isotopic parameters across 44,000 km(2) of southwestern Ontario (Canada) has delineated a discreet zone of natural gas in the bedrock aquifer coincident with an 8,000-km(2) exposure of Middle Devonian shale. This study describes the ambient geochemical conditions in these shales in the context of other strata, including Ordovician shales, and discusses shale-related natural and anthropogenic processes contributing to hydrogeochemical conditions in the aquifer. The three Devonian shales-the Kettle Point Formation (Antrim equivalent), Hamilton Group and Marcellus Formation-have higher DOC, DIC, HCO3, CO2(aq), pH and iodide, and much higher CH4(aq). The two Ordovician shales-the Queenston and Georgian-Bay/Blue Mountain Formations-are higher in Ca, Mg, SO4 and H2S. In the Devonian shale region, isotopic zones of Pleistocene-aged groundwater have halved in size since first identified in the 1980s; potentiometric data implicate regional groundwater extraction in the shrinkage. Isotopically younger waters invading the aquifer show rapid increases in CH4(aq), pH and iodide with depth and rapid decrease in oxidized carbon species including CO2, HCO3 and DIC, suggesting contemporary methanogenesis. Pumping in the Devonian shale contact aquifer may stimulate methanogenesis by lowering TDS, removing products and replacing reactants, including bicarbonate, derived from overlying glacial sedimentary aquifers. C1 [Hamilton, Stewart M.] Ontario Geol Survey, Sudbury, ON P3E 2G9, Canada. [Grasby, Stephen E.] Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada. [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hamilton, SM (reprint author), Ontario Geol Survey, 933 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 2G9, Canada. EM stew.hamilton@ontario.ca FU Ontario Geological Survey; Geological Survey of Canada; United States Geological Survey, New York State Energy Research Development Authority, NSF [EAR-0635685]; American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund [45284-G2] FX The authors would like to thank the 24 students who have diligently worked on field data collection for the Ambient Groundwater Program to date and, in particular, Candace Freckelton for helping to supervise them for 5 out of the 7 years the program has been in existence. Fieldwork was carried out and fully funded by the Ontario Geological Survey, as was geochemical analytical work. The Geological Survey of Canada funded and provided stable isotope analysis for waters and isotopic and compositional analysis of gas samples. Aspects of this work were partly the subjects of a number of graduate and undergraduate theses including those of Kathryn Mellor, Edward Matheson, Hanna Burke and Candace Freckelton. Hamilton would like to thank his colleagues Frank Brunton and Derek Armstrong for their insight and many discussions on the Paleozoic geology of southwestern Ontario. McIntosh would like to acknowledge funding from the United States Geological Survey, New York State Energy Research Development Authority, NSF (EAR-0635685) and the American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund (No. 45284-G2). NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 23 IS 4 BP 719 EP 739 DI 10.1007/s10040-014-1229-7 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CI3AW UT WOS:000354620800008 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Johnson, FA Williams, BK Boomer, GS AF Nichols, James D. Johnson, Fred A. Williams, Byron K. Boomer, G. Scott TI On formally integrating science and policy: walking the walk SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; decision-making; hunting; science; waterfowl ID ADAPTIVE-MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK; UNCERTAINTY; WATERFOWL; HARVEST C1 [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Williams, Byron K.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Boomer, G. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 52 IS 3 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12406 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI5PW UT WOS:000354811700001 ER PT J AU Rosenfield, RN Sonsthagen, SA Stout, WE Talbot, SL AF Rosenfield, Robert N. Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Stout, William E. Talbot, Sandra L. TI High frequency of extra-pair paternity in an urban population of Cooper's Hawks SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Accipiter cooperii; floaters; pioneer population ID GOSHAWK ACCIPITER-GENTILIS; COPULATORY-BEHAVIOR; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CROSS-AMPLIFICATION; RAPTOR; DENSITY; BIRDS; HAWKS,COOPERS; RELATEDNESS; INTRUSIONS AB Raptors exhibit some of the highest rates of intra-pair copulations among birds, perhaps in an attempt by males to reduce the risk of being cuckolded. Indeed, the frequency of extra-pair fertilizations reported in studies of raptors to date is relatively low (0-11.2%). Socially monogamous Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) exhibit one of the highest copulation rates among birds, yet there are no published accounts of extra-pair copulations (or paternity). We studied a population of Cooper's Hawks in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during three breeding seasons (2003, 2004, and 2007), examining the possible effects of age (1 yr old vs. 2 yr old), adult mass, and brood size on the frequency of extra-pair paternity (EPP). We found that 19.3% of nestlings (N = 27/140) were extra-pair young (EPY), and 34% of all broods (N = 15/44) had at least one EPY. The sires of the EPY in our study were identified for only two broods, suggesting that floater males may have engaged in extra-pair copulations with territorial females. We found that brood size was a good predictor of the occurrence of EPP (EPP) in nests, but adult mass and female age were not. To our knowledge, these possible correlates of the occurrence of EPP in raptors had not previously been investigated. Male Cooper's Hawks provide food for females during the pre-nesting period, and delivery of food is, in contrast to other raptor species, typically followed by copulation. Thus, one possible explanation of the relatively high rates of EPP in our study is that females might accept or even solicit extra-pair copulations from males other than their mates as a means of maximizing energy intake for egg production. Such behavior might be particularly likely in our study area, i.e., a food-rich urban setting with a high breeding density of Cooper's Hawks. RESUMEN Alta frecuencia de paternidad con mas de una hembra en una poblacion urbana de los halcones de Cooper Entre las aves, los rapaces machos presentan algunas de las tasas mas altas de copulacion con mas de una hembra, tal vez en un intento de los machos para reducir el riesgo de ser enganado. De hecho, la frecuencia de fertilizaciones con mas de una hembra reportado en estudios de rapaces hasta hoy en dia es relativamente baja (0 - 11.2%). Halcones de Cooper (Accipiter cooperii) son socialmente monogamos y presentan una de las tasas mas altas de copulacion entre las aves, sin embargo, no hay cuentas publicadas de copulas fuera de la pareja (o paternidad). Se estudio una poblacion de halcones de cooper en Milwaukee, Wisconsin, durante tres temporadas de cria (2003, 2004, y 2007). Examinamos los efectos posibles de la edad (un ano de edad hasta dos anos de edad), la masa corporal de adultos, y el numero de pollos en el nido contra la frecuencia de paternidad con mas de una hembra. Se encontro que el 19.3% de los polluelos (N = 27/140) eran de una pareja en que el macho copulo con mas de una hembra (EPY), y el 34% de todos los nidos (N = 15/44) tuvieron al menos una EPY. Se identificaron los padres de la EPY en nuestro estudio para solo dos crias, lo que sugiere que los machos flotantes (aparean con mas de un individuo) pudieron haber participado en copulaciones con mas de una hembra territorial. Se encontro que el tamano de la nidada fue un buen factor predictivo de la incidencia de la EPP en los nidos, pero la masa corporal de los adultos y la edad de la hembra no fueron factores importantes. A nuestro entender, no han hecho investigaciones de estos correlatos en la ocurrencia de EPP en rapaces. Los machos de los halcones de Cooper proporcionan alimento para las hembras durante el periodo previo a la anidacion, y la entrega de alimentos es normalmente seguida por la copulacion, lo cual es en contraste de otras especies de rapaces. Por lo tanto en nuestro estudio, una posible explicacion de relativamente altas tasas de paternidad con mas de una hembra, es que las hembras pueden aceptar o incluso solicitar EPCs de machos que no son sus companeros como un medio para maximizar el consumo de energia para la produccion de huevos. Tal comportamiento puede ser particularmente probable en nuestra area de estudio, es decir, un entorno urbano rico en alimentos con una alta densidad de cria de halcones de Cooper. C1 [Rosenfield, Robert N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Rosenfield, RN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM rrosenfi@uwsp.edu FU Personnel Development Committee; Letters and Science Foundation, University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center FX Funding was provided by the Personnel Development Committee and the Letters and Science Foundation, University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. We thank all of the technicians and volunteers associated with the project over the years as well as G. K. Sage, U.S. Geological Survey, for laboratory assistance, and P. Lemons (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for assistance with statistical analysis. The manuscript was improved by comments from T. L. Booms, B. A. Millsap, J. Coulson, G. Ritchison, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 13 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1111/jofo.12097 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CI8DK UT WOS:000354998900005 ER PT J AU Dillon, KG Conway, CJ AF Dillon, Kristen G. Conway, Courtney J. TI Elevational gradient in clutch size of Red-faced Warblers SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding season length; breeding phenology; Cardellina rubrifrons; initiation date ID NEST PREDATION; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; DIFFERENT ALTITUDES; BREEDING BIOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE SWALLOWS; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; NORTH AB Our understanding of life history evolution has benefited from debates regarding the underlying causes, and geographic ubiquity, of spatial patterns in avian clutch sizes. Past studies have revealed that birds lay smaller clutch sizes at higher elevation. However, in most previous studies, investigators have failed to adequately control for elevational differences in breeding phenology. To better understand the elevational gradient in avian clutch size, we need to know how clutch size changes across the entire elevational breeding range of a species (i.e., the shape of the relationship between elevation and clutch size), and whether the elevational gradient in clutch size is merely an artifact of elevational gradients in breeding phenology or breeding season length. We examined the relationship between breeding elevation and clutch size of Red-faced Warblers (Cardellina rubrifrons) along a 1000-m elevational gradient in Arizona. Our objectives were to determine how clutch size changed with elevation, and if the relationship between clutch size and elevation merely reflected elevational changes in breeding season length or phenology. The proportion of 5-egg clutches decreased and the proportion of 3- and 4-egg clutches increased non-linearly with increasing elevation, even after controlling for the elevational gradient in nest initiation date. Thus, average clutch size declined across the elevational breeding range of Red-faced Warblers, but this decline was not due to elevational variation in breeding phenology. Timing of breeding changed, but the duration of the breeding season did not change appreciably across the elevational gradient. Hence, elevational differences in breeding season length or breeding phenology cannot explain why Red-faced Warblers (and perhaps other birds) breeding at higher elevations have smaller clutches. RESUMEN Gradiente de elevacion en tamano de la nidada de Cardellina rubrifrons Nuestro entendimiento sobre la evolucion de las historias de vida se ha beneficiado de debates acerca de las causas y la ubicuidad geografica de los patrones espaciales en los tamanos del nidada de las aves. Estudios pasados han revelado que las aves tienen tamanos de nidadas mas pequenos a mayor elevacion. Sin embargo, en muchos estudios, los investigadores no han contralado adecuadamente por las diferencias en elevacion en fenologia de la reproduccion. Con el fin de comprender el gradiente de elevacion en tamanos de la nidada de las aves, necesitamos saber como el tamano de la nidada cambia a lo largo del rango completo de elevacion y reproduccion de una especie (i.e., la forma de la relacion entre elevacion y tamano de la nidada), y si el gradiente de elevacion en el tamano de la nidada es puramente un artefacto del gradiente de elevacion en la fenologia de la reproduccion o de la longitud de la temporada de reproduccion. Examinamos la relacion entre elevacion y tamano de la nidada en Cardellina rubrifrons a lo largo de un gradiente de elevacion de 1000-m en Arizona. Nuestros objetivos eran determinar como cambia el tamano de la nidada con la elevacion y si la relacion entre tamano de la nidada y elevacion refleja cambios elevacionales en la longitud de la temporada reproductiva o la fenologia. La proporcion de nidadas de 5 huevos disminuyo y la proporcion de nidadas de 3 y 4 huevos incremento no linealmente con la elevacion, aun despues de controlar por el gradiente de elevacion en la fecha de iniciacion de la anidacion. Por lo tanto, el tamano promedio de la nidada disminuyo a lo largo del rango de reproduccion elevacional de Cardellina rubrifrons, pero esta disminucion no fue debido a la variacion en la fenologia de la reproduccion. Los periodos de reproduccion variaron pero la duracion de la temporada de reproduccion no cambio apreciablemente a lo largo del gradiente de elevacion. De esta forma, las diferencias por elevacion en la longitud de la temporada reproductiva o la fenologia no explican por que Cardellina rubrifrons (y probablemente otras aves) tienen tamanos de nidada mas pequenos a elevaciones mayores. C1 [Dillon, Kristen G.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Dillon, KG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM dillon@uidaho.edu FU National Science Foundation [GFK095]; University of Arizona IACUC [11-265] FX We thank K. Decker, C. Kirkpatrick, D. LaRoche, and M. Conway for providing data and many hours of field assistance. U.S. Forest Service provided permits. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This material is based upon work supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant No. GFK095. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Arizona IACUC protocol #11-265. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1111/jofo.12099 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CI8DK UT WOS:000354998900007 ER PT J AU Banko, PC AF Banko, Paul C. TI Flight Ways: Life and Loss at the Edge of Extinction SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Banko, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Banko, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM pbanko@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 2 DI 10.1111/jofo.12101 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CI8DK UT WOS:000354998900009 ER PT J AU Henn, B Cao, Q Lettenmaier, DP Magirl, CS Mass, C Bower, JB St Laurent, M Mao, YX Perica, S AF Henn, Brian Cao, Qian Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Magirl, Christopher S. Mass, Clifford Bower, J. Brent St Laurent, Michael Mao, Yixin Perica, Sanja TI Hydroclimatic Conditions Preceding the March 2014 Oso Landslide* SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The 22 March 2014 Oso landslide was one of the deadliest in U.S. history, resulting in 43 fatalities and the destruction of more than 40 structures. We examine synoptic conditions, precipitation records, and soil moisture reconstructions in the days, months, and years preceding the landslide. Atmospheric reanalysis shows a period of enhanced moisture transport to the Pacific Northwest beginning on 11 February 2014. The 21-42-day periods prior to the landslide had anomalously high precipitation; we estimate that 300-400 mm of precipitation fell at Oso in the 21 days prior to the landslide. Relative only to historical periods ending on 22 March, the return periods of these precipitation accumulations are large (25-88 yr). However, relative to the largest accumulations from any time of the year (annual maxima), return periods are more modest (2-6 yr). In addition to the 21-42 days prior to the landslide, there is a secondary maximum in the precipitation return periods for the 4 yr preceding the landslide. Reconstructed soil moisture was also anomalously high prior to the landslide, with return periods relative to the particular day that exceeded 40 yr about a week before the event. C1 [Henn, Brian; Mao, Yixin] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cao, Qian; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Magirl, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Mass, Clifford] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bower, J. Brent] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [St Laurent, Michael; Perica, Sanja] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrometeorol Design Studies Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Henn, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 201 More Hall,Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bhenn@u.washington.edu OI Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549 FU University of Washington Valle Scholarship; Federal Emergency Management Agency FX Support for the lead author was provided by a University of Washington Valle Scholarship. Additional funding was provided to the U.S. Geological Survey by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1243 EP 1249 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0008.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI9YI UT WOS:000355126500017 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Torchetti, MK Winker, K Ip, HS Song, CS Swayne, DE AF Lee, Dong-Hun Torchetti, Mia Kim Winker, Kevin Ip, Hon S. Song, Chang-Seon Swayne, David E. TI Intercontinental Spread of Asian-Origin H5N8 to North America through Beringia by Migratory Birds SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; SOUTH-KOREA; WILD BIRDS; VIRUS; PATTERNS; FLYWAY; ALASKA AB Phylogenetic network analysis and understanding of waterfowl migration patterns suggest that the Eurasian H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza virus emerged in late 2013 in China, spread in early 2014 to South Korea and Japan, and reached Siberia and Beringia by summer 2014 via migratory birds. Three genetically distinct subgroups emerged and subsequently spread along different flyways during fall 2014 into Europe, North America, and East Asia, respectively. All three subgroups reappeared in Japan, a wintering site for waterfowl from Eurasia and parts of North America. C1 [Lee, Dong-Hun; Swayne, David E.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, US Natl Poultry Res Ctr Agr,USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Torchetti, Mia Kim] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Sci Technol & Anal Serv, Vet Serv,Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Dept Interior, Madison, WI USA. [Song, Chang-Seon] Konkuk Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul, South Korea. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, US Natl Poultry Res Ctr Agr,USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014; OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104; Ip, Hon/0000-0003-4844-7533 NR 20 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 89 IS 12 BP 6521 EP 6524 DI 10.1128/JVI.00728-15 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA CI3OU UT WOS:000354657900034 PM 25855748 ER PT J AU Kelly, CN Calderon, FC Acosta-Martinez, V Mikha, MM Benjamin, J Rutherford, DW Rostad, CE AF Kelly, Charlene N. Calderon, Francisco C. Acosta-Martinez, Vernica Mikha, Maysoon M. Benjamin, Joseph Rutherford, David W. Rostad, Colleen E. TI Switchgrass Biochar Effects on Plant Biomass and Microbial Dynamics in Two Soils from Different Regions SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE correction factor; extraction efficiency; fatty acid methyl ester profile; nitrogen mineralization; soil microbial community; soil nutrient availability; wheat ID HIGHLY WEATHERED SOILS; BLACK CARBON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WHEAT CROP; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; AMENDMENT; CHARCOAL; TROPICS; QUALITY AB Biochar amendments to soils may alter soil function and fertility in various ways, including through induced changes in the microbial community. We assessed microbial activity and community composition of two distinct clayey soil types, an Aridisol from Colorado (CO) in the U.S. Central Great Plains, and an Alfisol from Virginia (VA) in the southeastern USA following the application of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) biochar. The switchgrass biochar was applied at four levels, 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, approximately equivalent to biochar additions of 0, 25, 50, and 100 t ha(-1), respectively, to the soils grown with wheat (Triticum aestivum) in an eight-week growth chamber experiment. We measured wheat shoot biomass and nitrogen (N) content and soil nutrient availability and N mineralization rates, and characterized the microbial fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of the soils. Net N mineralization rates decreased in both soils in proportion to an increase in biochar levels, but the effect was more marked in the VA soil, where net N mineralization decreased from -2.1 to -38.4 mg kg(-1). The 10% biochar addition increased soil pH, electrical conductivity, Mehlich- and bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (P), and extractable potassium (K) in both soil types. The wheat shoot biomass decreased from 17.7 to 9.1 g with incremental additions of biochar in the CO soil, but no difference was noted in plants grown in the VA soil. The FAME recovery assay indicated that the switchgrass biochar addition could introduce artifacts in analysis, so the results needed to be interpreted with caution. Non-corrected total FAME concentrations indicated a decline by 45% and 34% with 10% biochar addition in the CO and VA soils, respectively, though these differences became nonsignificant when the extraction efficiency correction factor was applied. A significant decline in the fungi:bacteria ratio was still evident upon correction in the CO soil with biochar. Switchgrass biochar had the potential to cause short-term negative impacts on plant biomass and alter soil microbial community structure unless measures were taken to add supplemental N and labile carbon (C). C1 [Kelly, Charlene N.] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosczences & Nat Resources, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. [Calderon, Francisco C.; Mikha, Maysoon M.; Benjamin, Joseph] USDA ARS, Akron, OH USA. [Acosta-Martinez, Vernica] USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Kelly, Charlene N.; Rutherford, David W.; Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kelly, CN (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosczences & Nat Resources, 331 Stillwell Hall, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. EM cnkelly@email.wcu.edu NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 71 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 EI 2210-5107 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 BP 329 EP 342 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA CI5WT UT WOS:000354831200001 ER PT J AU Deines, AM Bunnell, DB Rogers, MW Beard, TD Taylor, WW AF Deines, Andrew M. Bunnell, David B. Rogers, Mark W. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Taylor, William W. TI A review of the global relationship among freshwater fish, autotrophic activity, and regional climate SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Chlorophyll A; Meta-analysis; Correlation; Climate; Lakes; Fisheries ID LAKE FOOD WEBS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; RESERVOIR FISHERIES; PREDICTIVE MODELS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHLOROPHYLL-A; GREAT-LAKES; YIELD; PONDS; NUTRIENT AB The relationship between autotrophic activity and freshwater fish populations is an important consideration for ecologists describing trophic structure in aquatic communities, fisheries managers tasked with increasing sustainable fisheries development, and fish farmers seeking to maximize production. Previous studies of the empirical relationships of autotrophic activity and freshwater fish yield have found positive relationships but were limited by small sample sizes, small geographic scopes, and the inability to compare patterns among many types of measurement techniques. Individual studies and reviews have also lacked consistent consideration of regional climate factors which may inform relationships between fisheries and autotrophic activity. We compiled data from over 700 freshwater systems worldwide and used meta-analysis and linear models to develop a comprehensive global synthesis between multiple metrics of autotrophic activity, fisheries, and climate indicators. Our results demonstrate that multiple metrics of fish (i.e., catch per unit effort, yield, and production) increase with autotrophic activity across a variety of fisheries. At the global scale additional variation in this positive relationship can be ascribed to regional climate differences (i.e., temperature and precipitation) across systems. Our results provide a method and proof-of-concept for assessing inland fisheries production at the global scale, where current estimates are highly uncertain, and may therefore inform the continued sustainable use of global inland fishery resources. C1 [Deines, Andrew M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rogers, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Deines, AM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 115 Manly Miles, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM andrewdeines@gmail.com OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU US Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX David Bennion, Colin Brooks, Ian Cowx, Jillian Deines, Amanda Grimm, Zachary Raymer, Michael Sayers, Robert Shuchman, Whitney Woelmer, and Dave Warner provided useful insight, discussion, comments and geospatial support. We thank Devin Bartley and two anonymous reviews for their comments and suggestions on an earlier version. Funding support was provided by the US Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This article is Contribution 1924 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 2 BP 323 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s11160-015-9384-z PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CI0EO UT WOS:000354409300003 ER PT J AU Seal, RR Nordstrom, DK AF Seal, Robert R., II Nordstrom, D. Kirk TI Applied Geochemistry Special Issue on Environmental geochemistry of modern mining Preface SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Seal, Robert R., II] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nordstrom, D. Kirk] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rseal@usgs.gov; dkn@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.019 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200001 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK Blowes, DW Ptacek, CJ AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk Blowes, David W. Ptacek, Carol J. TI Hydrogeochemistry and microbiology of mine drainage: An update SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTICOMPONENT REACTIVE TRANSPORT; AQUEOUS PYRITE OXIDATION; RATE-DETERMINING STEP; ACID-SULFATE WATERS; WASTE ROCK PILE; TAILINGS IMPOUNDMENT; IRON MOUNTAIN; RICH TAILINGS; FERRIC IRON; PYRRHOTITE DISSOLUTION AB The extraction of mineral resources requires access through underground workings, or open pit operations, or through drillholes for solution mining. Additionally, mineral processing can generate large quantities of waste, including mill tailings, waste rock and refinery wastes, heap leach pads, and slag. Thus, through mining and mineral processing activities, large surface areas of sulfide minerals can be exposed to oxygen, water, and microbes, resulting in accelerated oxidation of sulfide and other minerals and the potential for the generation of low-quality drainage. The oxidation of sulfide minerals in mine wastes is accelerated by microbial catalysis of the oxidation of aqueous ferrous iron and sulfide. These reactions, particularly when combined with evaporation, can lead to extremely acidic drainage and very high concentrations of dissolved constituents. Although acid mine drainage is the most prevalent and damaging environmental concern associated with mining activities, generation of saline, basic and neutral drainage containing elevated concentrations of dissolved metals, non-metals, and metalloids has recently been recognized as a potential environmental concern. Acid neutralization reactions through the dissolution of carbonate, hydroxide, and silicate minerals and formation of secondary aluminum and ferric hydroxide phases can moderate the effects of acid generation and enhance the formation of secondary hydrated iron and aluminum minerals which may lessen the concentration of dissolved metals. Numerical models provide powerful tools for assessing impacts of these reactions on water quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nordstrom, D. Kirk] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Blowes, David W.; Ptacek, Carol J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov FU National Research Program of the USGS FX We thank Kate Campbell, Jeff Bain, and Krista Paulson for assistance with the preparation of this manuscript. One of the authors (DKN) is grateful for the support of the National Research Program of the USGS. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS. NR 147 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 14 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.008 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200002 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk TI Baseline and premining geochemical characterization of mined sites SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID REACTIVE SOLUTE-TRANSPORT; NATURAL BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; PORPHYRY-CU DEPOSITS; ACID ROCK DRAINAGE; MINERALIZED AREAS; ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY; ATACAMA DESERT; WATER-QUALITY; RED MOUNTAIN AB A rational goal for environmental restoration of new, active, or inactive mine sites would be 'natural background' or the environmental conditions that existed before any mining activities or other related anthropogenic activities. In a strictly technical sense, there is no such thing as natural background (or entirely non-anthropogenic) existing today because there is no part of the planet earth that has not had at least some chemical disturbance from anthropogenic activities. Hence, the terms 'baseline' and 'pre-mining' are preferred to describe these conditions. Baseline conditions are those that existed at the time of the characterization which could be pre-mining, during mining, or post-mining. Protocols for geochemically characterizing pre-mining conditions are not well-documented for sites already mined but there are two approaches that seem most direct and least ambiguous. One is characterization of analog sites along with judicious application of geochemical modeling. The other is reactive-transport modeling (based on careful synoptic sampling with tracer-injection) and subtracting inputs from known mining and mineral processing. Several examples of acidic drainage are described from around the world documenting the range of water compositions produced from pyrite oxidation in the absence of mining. These analog sites provide insight to the processes forming mineralized waters in areas untouched by mining. Natural analog water-chemistry data is compared with the higher metal concentrations, metal fluxes, and weathering rates found in mined areas in the few places where comparisons are possible. The differences are generally 1-3 orders of magnitude higher for acid mine drainage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USGS, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), USGS, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov FU National Research Program of the USGS FX I wish to thank Alisa Mast for providing data from the 10-year USGS study on the Animas River drainage basin, Blaine McCleskey for advice when Excel did not excel, and most importantly I thank the issue editor, Bob Seal and the executive editor, Michael Kersten, for their patience with my numerous delays. This paper benefitted greatly from reviews by Dr. Philip Verplanck, an anonymous reviewer, and Dr. Robert Seal. This paper would not have been possible were it not for the numerous geochemists who have collected quality data on waters from mined and mineralized unmined sites and interpreted the results. This work was supported by the National Research Program of the USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 123 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 17 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.12.010 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200003 ER PT J AU Gammons, CH Nimick, DA Parker, SR AF Gammons, Christopher H. Nimick, David A. Parker, Stephen R. TI Diel cycling of trace elements in streams draining mineralized areas-A review SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAM; ABANDONED MINE LANDS; CLARK FORK RIVER; HIGH ORE CREEK; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; IRON PHOTOREDUCTION; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; INORGANIC CARBON; WATER CHEMISTRY; ACIDIC STREAM AB Many trace elements exhibit persistent diel, or 24-h, concentration cycles in streams draining mineralized areas. These cycles can be caused by various physical and biogeochemical mechanisms including streamflow variation, photosynthesis and respiration, as well as reactions involving photochemistry, adsorption and desorption, mineral precipitation and dissolution, and plant assimilation. Iron is the primary trace element that exhibits diel cycling in acidic streams. In contrast, many cationic and anionic trace elements exhibit diel cycling in near-neutral and alkaline streams. Maximum reported changes in concentration for these diel cycles have been as much as a factor of 10 (988% change in Zn concentration over a 24-h period). Thus, monitoring and scientific studies must account for diel trace-element cycling to ensure that water-quality data collected in streams appropriately represent the conditions intended to be studied. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gammons, Christopher H.] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Parker, Stephen R.] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.05.008 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200004 ER PT J AU Smith, KS Balistrieri, LS Todd, AS AF Smith, Kathleen S. Balistrieri, Laurie S. Todd, Andrew S. TI Using biotic ligand models to predict metal toxicity in mineralized systems SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ACUTE COPPER TOXICITY; WATER-QUALITY CRITERIA; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CHEMICAL SPECIATION AB The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a numerical approach that couples chemical speciation calculations with toxicological information to predict the toxicity of aquatic metals. This approach was proposed as an alternative to expensive toxicological testing, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency incorporated the BLM into the 2007 revised aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria for Cu. Research BLMs for Ag, Ni, Pb, and Zn are also available, and many other BLMs are under development. Current BLMs are limited to 'one metal, one organism' considerations. Although the BLM generally is an improvement over previous approaches to determining water quality criteria, there are several challenges in implementing the BLM, particularly at mined and mineralized sites. These challenges include: (1) historically incomplete datasets for BLM input parameters, especially dissolved organic carbon (DOC), (2) several concerns about DOC, such as DOC fractionation in Fe- and Al-rich systems and differences in DOC quality that result in variations in metal-binding affinities, (3) water-quality parameters and resulting metal-toxicity predictions that are temporally and spatially dependent, (4) additional influences on metal bioavailability, such as multiple metal toxicity, dietary metal toxicity, and competition among organisms or metals, (5) potential importance of metal interactions with solid or gas phases and/or kinetically controlled reactions, and (6) tolerance to metal toxicity observed for aquatic organisms living in areas with elevated metal concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. C1 [Smith, Kathleen S.; Todd, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Smith, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Denver Fed Ctr MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ksmith@usgs.gov; balistri@usgs.gov; atodd@usgs.gov FU USGS FX The authors would like to acknowledge the USGS Mineral Resources Program for providing the funding to prepare this report. Detailed and insightful comments by Christopher Mebane (USGS) on an earlier draft of this paper are greatly appreciated. We thank Robert Seal (USGS) for his helpful review and editorial comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 135 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.005 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200006 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Brumbaugh, WG Ingersoll, CG AF Besser, John M. Brumbaugh, William G. Ingersoll, Christopher G. TI Characterizing toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments from mining areas SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; CLARK-FORK RIVER; AMPHIPOD HYALELLA-AZTECA; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; QUALITY GUIDELINES; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; TECHNICAL BASIS; NICKEL AB This paper reviews methods for testing the toxicity of metals associated with freshwater sediments, linking toxic effects with metal exposure and bioavailability, and developing sediment quality guidelines. The most broadly applicable approach for characterizing metal toxicity is whole-sediment toxicity testing, which attempts to simulate natural exposure conditions in the laboratory. Standard methods for whole-sediment testing can be adapted to test a wide variety of taxa. Chronic sediment tests that characterize effects on multiple endpoints (e.g., survival, growth, and reproduction) can be highly sensitive indicators of adverse effects on resident invertebrate taxa. Methods for testing of aqueous phases (pore water, overlying water, or elutriates) are used less frequently. Analysis of sediment toxicity data focuses on statistical comparisons between responses in sediments from the study area and responses in one or more uncontaminated reference sediments. For large or complex study areas, a greater number of reference sediments is recommended to reliably define the normal range of responses in uncontaminated sediments - the 'reference envelope'. Data on metal concentrations and effects on test organisms across a gradient of contamination may allow development of concentration-response models, which estimate metal concentrations associated with specified levels of toxic effects (e.g. 20% effect concentration or EC20). Comparisons of toxic effects in laboratory tests with measures of impacts on resident benthic invertebrate communities can help document causal relationships between metal contamination and biological effects. Total or total-recoverable metal concentrations in sediments are the most common measure of metal contamination in sediments, but metal concentrations in labile sediment fractions (e.g., determined as part of selective sediment extraction protocols) may better represent metal bioavailability. Metals released by the weak-acid extraction of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), termed simultaneously-extracted metals (SEM), are widely used to estimate the 'potentially-bioavailable' fraction of metals that is not bound to sulfides (i.e., SEM-AVS). Metal concentrations in pore water are widely considered to be direct measures of metal bioavailability, and predictions of toxicity based on pore-water metal concentrations may be further improved by modeling interactions of metals with other pore-water constituents using Biotic Ligand Models. Data from sediment toxicity tests and metal analyses has provided the basis for development of sediment quality guidelines, which estimate thresholds for toxicity of metals in sediments. Empirical guidelines such as Probable Effects Concentrations or (PECs) are based on associations between sediment metal concentrations and occurrence of toxic effects in large datasets. PECs do not model bioavailable metals, but they can be used to estimate the toxicity of metal mixtures using by calculation of probable effect quotients (PEQ = sediment metal concentration/PEC). In contrast, mechanistic guidelines, such as Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) attempt to predict both bioavailability and mixture toxicity. Application of these simple bioavailability models requires more extensive chemical characterization of sediments or pore water, compared to empirical guidelines, but may provide more reliable estimates of metal toxicity across a wide range of sediment types. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Besser, John M.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov FU USGS; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Environmental Protection Agency; Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association; Macdonald Environmental Sciences Limited FX We thank the scientific and technical staff of the USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center, who made many of the studies described here possible. We also greatly appreciate the scientific and financial contributions of our collaborators and clients in USGS, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Environmental Protection Agency, Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association, Macdonald Environmental Sciences Limited, and many others. Travis Schmidt and Andrew Todd provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.05.021 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200007 ER PT J AU Hageman, PL Seal, RR Diehl, SF Piatak, NM Lowers, HA AF Hageman, Philip L. Seal, Robert R. Diehl, Sharon F. Piatak, Nadine M. Lowers, Heather A. TI Evaluation of selected static methods used to estimate element mobility, acid-generating and acid-neutralizing potentials associated with geologically diverse mining wastes SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MINE; MANAGEMENT; SULFIDE AB A comparison study of selected static leaching and acid-base accounting (ABA) methods using a mineralogically diverse set of 12 modern-style, metal mine waste samples was undertaken to understand the relative performance of the various tests. To complement this study, in-depth mineralogical studies were conducted in order to elucidate the relationships between sample mineralogy, weathering features, and leachate and ABA characteristics. In part one of the study, splits of the samples were leached using six commonly used leaching tests including paste pH, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Field Leach Test (FLT) (both 5-min and 18-h agitation), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 1312 SPLP (both leachate pH 4.2 and leachate pH 5.0), and the USEPA Method 1311 TCLP (leachate pH 4.9). Leachate geochemical trends were compared in order to assess differences, if any, produced by the various leaching procedures. Results showed that the FLT (5-min agitation) was just as effective as the 18-h leaching tests in revealing the leachate geochemical characteristics of the samples. Leaching results also showed that the TCLP leaching test produces inconsistent results when compared to results produced from the other leaching tests. In part two of the study, the ABA was determined on splits of the samples using both well-established traditional static testing methods and a relatively quick, simplified net acid-base accounting (NABA) procedure. Results showed that the traditional methods, while time consuming, provide the most in-depth data on both the acid generating, and acid neutralizing tendencies of the samples. However, the simplified NABA method provided a relatively fast, effective estimation of the net acid-base account of the samples. Overall, this study showed that while most of the well-established methods are useful and effective, the use of a simplified leaching test and the NABA acid-base accounting method provide investigators fast, quantitative tools that can be used to provide rapid, reliable information about the leachability of metals and other constituents of concern, and the acid-generating potential of metal mining waste. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. C1 [Hageman, Philip L.; Diehl, Sharon F.; Lowers, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Seal, Robert R.; Piatak, Nadine M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hageman, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, Bldg 20 Box 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Program FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Program for funding this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.12.007 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200010 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA AF Johnson, Craig A. TI The fate of cyanide in leach wastes at gold mines: An environmental perspective SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; COMPLEXED CYANIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PRUSSIAN BLUE; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; THIOCYANATE; STABILITY; TOXICITY; GOETHITE AB This paper reviews the basic chemistry of cyanide, methods by which cyanide can be analyzed, and aspects of cyanide behavior that are most relevant to environmental considerations at mineral processing operations associated with gold mines. The emphasis is on research results reported since 1999 and on data gathered for a series of U.S. Geological Survey studies that began in the late 1990s. Cyanide is added to process solutions as the CN- anion, but ore leaching produces numerous other cyanide-containing and cyanide-related species in addition to the desired cyanocomplex of gold. These can include hydrogen cyanide (HCN); cyanometallic complexes of iron, copper, zinc, nickel, and many other metals; cyanate (CNO-); and thiocyanate (SCN-). The fate of these species in solid wastes and residual process solutions that remain once gold recovery activities are terminated and in any water that moves beyond the ore processing facility dictates the degree to which cyanide poses a risk to aquatic organisms and aquatic-dependent organisms in the local environment. Cyanide-containing and cyanide-related species are subject to attenuation mechanisms that lead to dispersal to the atmosphere, chemical transformation to other carbon and nitrogen species, or sequestration as cyanometallic precipitates or adsorbed species on mineral surfaces. Dispersal to the atmosphere and chemical transformation amount to permanent elimination of cyanide, whereas sequestration amounts to storage of cyanide in locations from which it can potentially be remobilized by infiltrating waters if conditions change. From an environmental perspective, the most significant cyanide releases from gold leach operations involve catastrophic spills of process solutions or leakage of effluent to the unsaturated or saturated zones. These release pathways are unfavorable for two important cyanide attenuation mechanisms that tend to occur naturally: dispersal of free cyanide to the atmosphere and sunlight-catalyzed dissociation of strong cyanometallic complexes, which produces free cyanide that can then disperse to the atmosphere. The widest margins of environmental safety will be achieved where mineral processing operations are designed so that time for offgassing, aeration, and sunlight exposure are maximized in the event that cyanide-bearing solutions are released inadvertently. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cjohnso@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX David Grimes, Reinhard Leinz, and Robert Rye were co-investigators in the U.S. Geological Survey studies summarized in this review. George Breit generously provided mineralogical characterizations and the micrograph shown in Fig. 4; Reinhard Leinz obtained the U.S. Geological Survey adsorption results in Fig. 5. G. Breit and R. Seal, II provided insightful and helpful reviews. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. NR 90 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.05.023 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200014 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM Gallegos, TJ Landa, ER AF Campbell, Kate M. Gallegos, Tanya J. Landa, Edward R. TI Biogeochemical aspects of uranium mineralization, mining, milling, and remediation SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; ZERO-VALENT IRON; U(VI) REDUCTION; HUMIC-ACID; BIOGENIC URANINITE; MINE TAILINGS AB Natural uranium (U) occurs as a mixture of three radioactive isotopes: U-238, U-235, and U-234. Only U-235 is fissionable and makes up about 0.7% of natural U, while U-238 is overwhelmingly the most abundant at greater than 99% of the total mass of U. Prior to the 1940s, U was predominantly used as a coloring agent, and U-bearing ores were mined mainly for their radium (Ra) and/or vanadium (V) content; the bulk of the U was discarded with the tailings (Finch et al., 1972). Once nuclear fission was discovered, the economic importance of U increased greatly. The mining and milling of U-bearing ores is the first step in the nuclear fuel cycle, and the contact of residual waste with natural water is a potential source of contamination of U and associated elements to the environment. Uranium is mined by three basic methods: surface (open pit), underground, and solution mining (in situ leaching or in situ recovery), depending on the deposit grade, size, location, geology and economic considerations (Abdelouas, 2006). Solid wastes at U mill tailings (UMT) sites can include both standard tailings (i.e., leached ore rock residues) and solids generated on site by waste treatment processes. The latter can include sludge or "mud'' from neutralization of acidic mine/mill effluents, containing Fe and a range of coprecipitated constituents, or barium sulfate precipitates that selectively remove Ra (e.g., Carvalho et al., 2007). In this chapter, we review the hydrometal-lurgical processes by which U is extracted from ore, the biogeochemical processes that can affect the fate and transport of U and associated elements in the environment, and possible remediation strategies for site closure and aquifer restoration. This paper represents the fourth in a series of review papers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on geochemical aspects of UMT management that span more than three decades. The first paper (Landa, 1980) in this series is a primer on the nature of tailings and radionuclide mobilization from them. The second paper (Landa, 1999) includes coverage of research carried out under the U.S. Department of Energy's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program (UMTRA). The third paper (Landa, 2004) reflects the increased focus of researchers on biotic effects in UMT environs. This paper expands the focus to U mining, milling, and remedial actions, and includes extensive coverage of the increasingly important alkaline in situ recovery and groundwater restoration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Campbell, Kate M.] USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gallegos, Tanya J.] USGS, Denver, CO USA. [Landa, Edward R.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. [Landa, Edward R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), USGS, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kcampbell@usgs.gov FU USGS National Research Program; Energy, Minerals, and Environmental Health Mission Area FX The authors thank Henry A. Schnell (AREVA, Paris) and Jody Waugh (Environmental Sciences Laboratory, S.M. Stoller Corporation, Grand Junction, CO) for generously providing information for this paper, Marty Goldhaber for his insights into sulfur species, and invaluable comments provided by Rich Wanty, Bob Seal, Denise Levitan, and D. Kirk Nordstrom. Funding for this work was provided by the USGS National Research Program and the Energy, Minerals, and Environmental Health Mission Area. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 324 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 16 U2 89 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 206 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.022 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200015 ER PT J AU Piatak, NM Parsons, MB Seal, RR AF Piatak, Nadine M. Parsons, Michael B. Seal, Robert R., II TI Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID FURNACE STEEL SLAG; RUDAWY JANOWICKIE MOUNTAINS; ZINC METALLURGICAL SLAGS; STEELMAKING BY-PRODUCT; AQUEOUS SULFUR-DIOXIDE; NICKEL SMELTER SLAG; IBERIAN PYRITE BELT; HEAVY-METALS; BASE-METAL; MINING DISTRICT AB Slag is a waste product from the pyrometallurgical processing of various ores. Based on over 150 published studies, this paper provides an overview of mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of different types of slag and their environmental consequences, particularly from the release of potentially toxic elements to water. This chapter reviews the characteristics of both ferrous ( steel and blast furnace Fe) and non-ferrous (Ag, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn) slag. Interest in slag has been increasing steadily as large volumes, on the order of hundreds of millions of tonnes, are produced annually worldwide. Research on slag generally focuses on potential environmental issues related to the weathering of slag dumps or on its utility as a construction material or reprocessing for secondary metal recovery. The chemistry and mineralogy of slag depend on the metallurgical processes that create the material and will influence its fate as waste or as a reusable product. The composition of ferrous slag is dominated by Ca and Si. Steel slag may contain significant Fe, whereas Mg and Al may be significant in Fe slag. Calcium-rich olivine-group silicates, melilite-group silicates that contain Al or Mg, Ca-rich glass, and oxides are the most commonly reported major phases in ferrous slag. Calcite and trace amounts of a variety of sulfides, intermetallic compounds, and pure metals are typically also present. The composition of non-ferrous slag, most commonly from base-metal production, is dominated by Fe and Si with significant but lesser amounts of Al and Ca. Silicates in the olivine, pyroxene, and melilite groups, as well as glass, spinels, and SiO2 (i.e., quartz and other polymorphs) are commonly found in non-ferrous slag. Sulfides and intermetallic compounds are less abundant than the silicates and oxides. The concentrations of some elements exceed generic USEPA soil screening levels for human contact based on multiple exposure pathways; these elements include Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn based on bulk chemical composition. Each slag type usually contains a specific suite of elements that may be of environmental concern. In general, non-ferrous slag may have a higher potential to negatively impact the environment compared to ferrous slag, and is thus a less attractive material for reuse, based on trace element chemistry, principally for base metals. However, the amount of elements released into the environment is not always consistent with bulk chemical composition. Many types of leaching tests have been used to help predict slag's long-term environmental behavior. Overall, ferrous slags produce an alkaline leachate due to the dissolution of Ca oxides and silicates derived from compounds originally added as fluxing agents, such as lime. Ferrous slag leachate is commonly less metal-rich than leachate from non-ferrous slag generated during base metal extraction; the latter leachate may even be acidic due to the oxidation of sulfides. Because of its characteristics, ferrous slag is commonly used for construction and environmental applications, whereas both non-ferrous and ferrous slag may be reprocessed for secondary metal recovery. Both types of slag have been a source of some environmental contamination. Research into the environmental aspects of slag will continue to be an important topic whether the goal is its reuse, recycling, or remediation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Piatak, Nadine M.; Seal, Robert R., II] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20176 USA. [Parsons, Michael B.] Geol Survey Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Piatak, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20176 USA. EM npiatak@usgs.gov OI Parsons, Michael/0000-0001-9158-5283 NR 186 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 23 U2 110 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 236 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.04.009 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200016 ER PT J AU Castendyk, DN Eary, LE Balistrieri, LS AF Castendyk, D. N. Eary, L. E. Balistrieri, L. S. TI Modeling and management of pit lake water chemistry 1: Theory SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID PYRITIC MINE WASTES; LODE GOLD DISTRICT; NEW-ZEALAND; AQUEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; MARTHA MINE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSES; PHYSICAL LIMNOLOGY; QUALITY; NEVADA; PREDICTION AB Pit lakes are permanent hydrologic/landscape features that can result from open pit mining for metals, coal, uranium, diamonds, oil sands, and aggregates. Risks associated with pit lakes include local and regional impacts to water quality and related impacts to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Stakeholders rely on predictive models of water chemistry to prepare for and manage these risks. This paper is the first of a two part series on the modeling and management of pit lakes. Herein, we review approaches that have been used to quantify wall-rock runoff geochemistry, wall-rock leachate geochemistry, pit lake water balance, pit lake limnology (i.e. extent of vertical mixing), and pit lake water quality, and conclude with guidance on the application of models within the mine life cycle. The purpose of this paper is to better prepare stakeholders, including future modelers, mine managers, consultants, permitting agencies, land management agencies, regulators, research scientists, academics, and other interested parties, for the challenges of predicting and managing future pit lakes in un-mined areas. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Castendyk, D. N.] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. [Eary, L. E.] InTerraLogic, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Balistrieri, L. S.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. RP Castendyk, DN (reprint author), SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. EM Devin.Castendyk@oneonta.edu NR 137 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 267 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.004 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200017 ER PT J AU Castendyk, DN Balistrieri, LS Gammons, C Tucci, N AF Castendyk, D. N. Balistrieri, L. S. Gammons, C. Tucci, N. TI Modeling and management of pit lake water chemistry 2: Case studies SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID NEW-ZEALAND; MARTHA MINE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSES; GEOCHEMISTRY; PREDICTION; MONTANA; BUTTE; SALINITY; WAIHI AB Pit lakes, a common product of open pit mining techniques, may become long-term, post-mining environmental risks or long-term, post-mining water resources depending upon management decisions. This study reviews two published pit lake modeling studies and one pit lake monitoring program in order to increase the transparency of approaches used in pit lake prediction and management. The first model is a two-year limnological simulation of the existing Dexter pit lake, Nevada, USA that accurately modeled temperature profiles, salinity profiles, and turnover events observed between 1999 and 2000. The second model is a 55-year prediction of a future pit lake in the Martha Mine, New Zealand that identified the need for additional mitigation and evaluated potential effects of cost-effective mitigation options. The final study reviews eight years of monitoring data collected from the Berkeley pit lake, Montana, USA, from 2004 to 2012. This study identifies changes in the physical limnology and water quality of the pit lake that resulted from metal recovery operations, and highlights the value of monitoring programs in general. Whereas these pit lakes are different in many ways, the management tools discussed herein maximized the value and understanding of the post-mining resources. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Castendyk, D. N.] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. [Balistrieri, L. S.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Gammons, C.] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT USA. [Tucci, N.] Montana Bur Mines & Geol, Butte, MT USA. RP Castendyk, DN (reprint author), SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. EM Devin.Castendyk@oneonta.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 BP 289 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.003 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8JS UT WOS:000354283200018 ER PT J AU Hopken, MW Lum, TM Meyers, PM Piaggio, AJ AF Hopken, Matthew W. Lum, Tod M. Meyers, Paul M. Piaggio, Antoinette J. TI Molecular assessment of translocation and management of an endangered subspecies of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Translocations; Genetic diversity; Subspecies; Introgression; Pacific Northwest ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA ANALYSIS; MULE DEER; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LOCAL ADAPTATION; WEST TEXAS; CONSERVATION; HYBRIDIZATION; RESTORATION AB Translocations are an effectual management strategy for the reestablishment and reconnection of endangered populations and species. However, knowledge about the evolution and ecology of the populations and species of interest are critical so that informed decisions can be made about source populations and reestablishment areas. We employed 614 base pairs of the mitochondrial control region and 15 microsatellite loci to investigate genetic variation, contemporary connectivity, and interspecific hybridization in the two remaining populations of the endangered Columbian white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) through comparisons with the closest subspecies, O. v. ochrourus. Our data revealed the dubious taxonomic status of O. v. leucurus, and that O. virginianus in the Pacific Northwest originated from a single historic gene pool. Further the results identified that populations are currently genetically isolated and depauperate, and uncovered historic introgression with O. hemionus columbianus. These results suggest that translocations are a viable approach for reestablishing populations throughout the historic range to increase genetic diversity in the fragmented populations. Despite the taxonomic ambiguity, our study revealed the presence of unique genetic variation within each population which supports ongoing conservation efforts. C1 [Hopken, Matthew W.; Piaggio, Antoinette J.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Lum, Tod M.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Roseburg, OR 97471 USA. [Meyers, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Julia Butler Hansen Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cathlamet, WA 98612 USA. RP Hopken, MW (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM matt.w.hopken@aphis.usda.gov FU Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife FX We would like to thank Shannon Wills and the Cowlitz Indian Tribe for samples, support, and consultation. At the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife we thank Hansel Hayden, Nick Leonetti, Martha Albritten, Leonard Erickson, and Richard Green for samples and funding. We also thank Kurt VerCauteren, Scott Hygnstrom of the United States Department of Agriculture National Wildlife Research Center, and Kenneth Warheit of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for samples. Brett Coghlan, Julia Figueroa, Doreen Griffin, and Melissa Neubaum all contributed to the lab work. We would also like to exress our gratitude to two anonymous reviewers as they greatly improved this manuscript. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 16 IS 3 BP 635 EP 647 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0689-6 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CH9SC UT WOS:000354375500012 ER PT J AU Shamblin, BM Bagley, DA Ehrhart, LM Desjardin, NA Martin, RE Hart, KM Naro-Maciel, E Rusenko, K Stiner, JC Sobel, D Johnson, C Wilmers, TJ Wright, LJ Nairn, CJ AF Shamblin, Brian M. Bagley, Dean A. Ehrhart, Llewellyn M. Desjardin, Nicole A. Martin, R. Erik Hart, Kristen M. Naro-Maciel, Eugenia Rusenko, Kirt Stiner, John C. Sobel, Debra Johnson, Chris Wilmers, Thomas J. Wright, Laura J. Nairn, Campbell J. TI Genetic structure of Florida green turtle rookeries as indicated by mitochondrial DNA control region sequences SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Population structure; Sea turtle; Chelonia mydas; Mitochondrial DNA; Haplotype ID CHELONIA-MYDAS POPULATIONS; SEA-TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; COSTA-RICA; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; CARETTA-CARETTA; STOCK STRUCTURE; MIXED STOCK; ATLANTIC; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting has increased dramatically in Florida over the past two decades, ranking the Florida nesting aggregation among the largest in the Greater Caribbean region. Individual beaches that comprise several hundred kilometers of Florida's east coast and Keys support tens to thousands of nests annually. These beaches encompass natural to highly developed habitats, and the degree of demographic partitioning among rookeries was previously unresolved. We characterized the genetic structure of ten Florida rookeries from Cape Canaveral to the Dry Tortugas through analysis of 817 base pair mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences from 485 nesting turtles. Two common haplotypes, CM-A1.1 and CM-A3.1, accounted for 87 % of samples, and the haplotype frequencies were strongly partitioned by latitude along Florida's Atlantic coast. Most genetic structure occurred between rookeries on either side of an apparent genetic break in the vicinity of the St. Lucie Inlet that separates Hutchinson Island and Jupiter Island, representing the finest scale at which mtDNA structure has been documented in marine turtle rookeries. Florida and Caribbean scale analyses of population structure support recognition of at least two management units: central eastern Florida and southern Florida. More thorough sampling and deeper sequencing are necessary to better characterize connectivity among Florida green turtle rookeries as well as between the Florida nesting aggregation and others in the Greater Caribbean region. C1 [Shamblin, Brian M.; Nairn, Campbell J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bagley, Dean A.; Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Desjardin, Nicole A.; Martin, R. Erik] Ecol Associates Inc, Jensen Beach, FL 34958 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie Field Off, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Naro-Maciel, Eugenia] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Rusenko, Kirt] Gumbo Limbo Nat Ctr Inc, Boca Raton, FL 33432 USA. [Stiner, John C.] Canaveral Natl Seashore, Titusville, FL 32796 USA. [Sobel, Debra] Sea Turtle Conservat League Singer Isl, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. [Johnson, Chris] Loggerhead Marinelife Ctr, Juno Beach, FL 33408 USA. [Johnson, Chris] Project Leatherback Inc, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410 USA. [Wilmers, Thomas J.] Key West Natl Wildlife Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. [Wright, Laura J.] Nova Southeastern Univ Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Shamblin, BM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM brian.shamblin@gmail.com FU Sea Turtle Grants Program; Florida Sea Turtle License Plate FX We thank the many students, interns, technicians, and volunteers associated with authors' institutions for sample collection, in particular the University of Central Florida Marine Turtle Research Group students. Thank you to A. Meylan and B. Brost for providing FWRI Statewide Nesting Beach Survey data. We are grateful to M. Koperski and R. Trindell of Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), P. Tritaik of Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, M. Stahl of Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge, and D. Watkins of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection for assistance with permitting. Sampling was conducted under FWC Marine Turtle Permits 010, 130, 135, and 176. Fieldwork and sampling in the Dry Tortugas was supported by the U.S. Priority Ecosystem Science Program. This research was funded in part by Grants awarded from the Sea Turtle Grants Program. The Sea Turtle Grants Program is funded from proceeds from the sale of the Florida Sea Turtle License Plate. Learn more at www.helpingseaturtles.org. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 16 IS 3 BP 673 EP 685 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0692-y PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CH9SC UT WOS:000354375500015 ER PT J AU Dolph, CL Eggert, SL Magner, J Ferrington, LC Vondracek, B AF Dolph, Christine L. Eggert, Susan L. Magner, Joe Ferrington, Leonard C., Jr. Vondracek, Bruce TI Reach-scale stream restoration in agricultural streams of southern Minnesota alters structural and functional responses of macroinvertebrates SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE secondary production; biodiversity; richness; EPT; habitat heterogeneity; impaired waters; biomonitoring; dominant taxa ID SECONDARY PRODUCTION; LAND-USE; RIVER RESTORATION; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES; BIODIVERSITY; WATERSHEDS; MANAGEMENT; BOOTSTRAP AB Recent studies suggest that stream restoration at the reach scale may not increase stream biodiversity, raising concerns about the utility of this conservation practice. We examined whether reach-scale restoration in disturbed agricultural streams was associated with changes in macroinvertebrate community structure (total macroinvertebrate taxon richness, total macroinvertebrate density, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera [EPT] taxon richness, % abundance of EPT taxa) or secondary production (macroinvertebrate biomass over time). We collected macroinvertebrate samples over the course of 1 y from restored and unrestored reaches of 3 streams in southern Minnesota and used generalized least-square (GLS) models to assess whether measures of community structure were related to reach type, stream site, or sampling month. After accounting for effects of stream site and time, we found no significant difference in total taxon richness or % abundance of EPT taxa between restored and unrestored reaches. However, the number of EPT taxa and macroinvertebrate density were significantly higher in restored than in unrestored reaches. We compared secondary production estimates among study reaches based on 95th-percentile confidence intervals generated via bootstrapping. In each study stream, secondary production was significantly (2-3x) higher in the restored than in the unrestored reach. Higher productivity in the restored reaches was largely a result of the disproportionate success of a few dominant, tolerant taxa. Our findings suggest that reach-scale restoration may have ecological effects that are not detected by measures of total taxon richness alone. C1 [Dolph, Christine L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Eggert, Susan L.] USDA ARS, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Magner, Joe] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, Biosyst & Agr Engn 200, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ferrington, Leonard C., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dolph, CL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, 100 Ecol Bldg,1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dolph008@umn.edu; seggert@fs.fed.us; magne027@umn.edu; ferri016@umn.edu; bvondrac@umn.edu FU Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship; University of Minnesota Butler and Jessen Water Resources Science Fellowship; MPCA 319 grant FX We thank Sally Entrekin, Denise Walther, and 2 anonymous referees for helpful suggestions that improved this manuscript. We thank Rochelle Roche for extensive field and laboratory assistance. This study was supported by an Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship, a University of Minnesota Butler and Jessen Water Resources Science Fellowship, and an MPCA 319 grant. Rhithron Associates, Inc. provided identification for a large portion of macroinvertebrate specimens collected in this study, including all Chironomidae. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological Survey. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 32 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 535 EP 546 DI 10.1086/680984 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CH9WR UT WOS:000354387700012 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA Means, BP Arthur, W McKenzie, RM Parkhurst, DL AF Cravotta, C. A., III Means, B. P. Arthur, W. McKenzie, R. M. Parkhurst, D. L. TI AMDTreat 5.0+with PHREEQC Titration Module to Compute Caustic Chemical Quantity, Effluent Quality, and Sludge Volume SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Active treatment; Chemical costs; Titration; Geochemical model; Simulation; pH; Metals ID ACID SULFATE WATERS; COAL-MINE DRAINAGE; IRON; PENNSYLVANIA; ADSORPTION AB Alkaline chemicals are commonly added to discharges from coal mines to increase pH and decrease concentrations of acidity and dissolved aluminum, iron, manganese, and associated metals. The annual cost of chemical treatment depends on the type and quantities of chemicals added and sludge produced. The AMDTreat computer program, initially developed in 2003, is widely used to compute such costs on the basis of the user-specified flow rate and water quality data for the untreated AMD. Although AMDTreat can use results of empirical titration of net-acidic or net-alkaline effluent with caustic chemicals to accurately estimate costs for treatment, such empirical data are rarely available. A titration simulation module using the geochemical program PHREEQC has been incorporated with AMDTreat 5.0+ to improve the capability of AMDTreat to estimate: (1) the quantity and cost of caustic chemicals to attain a target pH, (2) the chemical composition of the treated effluent, and (3) the volume of sludge produced by the treatment. The simulated titration results for selected caustic chemicals (NaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)(2), Na2CO3, or NH3) without aeration or with pre-aeration can be compared with or used in place of empirical titration data to estimate chemical quantities, treated effluent composition, sludge volume (precipitated metals plus unreacted chemical), and associated treatment costs. This paper describes the development, evaluation, and potential utilization of the PHREEQC titration module with the new AMDTreat 5.0+ computer program available at http://www.amd.osmre.gov/. C1 [Cravotta, C. A., III] US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Means, B. P.; McKenzie, R. M.] US Off Surface Min, Harrisburg, PA 17101 USA. [Arthur, W.] US Off Surface Min, Lexington, KY 40503 USA. [Parkhurst, D. L.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov; bmeans@osmre.gov; barthur@osmre.gov; rmckenz@gmail.com; dlpark@usgs.gov FU U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) FX Funding for the development of the PHREEQC titration module of AMDTreat and the preparation of this paper was provided by the U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE). The manuscript benefited from reviews by Eric Perry of OSMRE, Lisa Senior of USGS, and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 EI 1616-1068 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 136 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s10230-014-0292-6 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CI3CE UT WOS:000354624300003 ER PT J AU Spigolon, ALD Lewan, MD Penteado, HLD Coutinho, LFC Mendonca, JG AF Spigolon, Andre L. D. Lewan, Michael D. de Barros Penteado, Henrique L. Coutinho, Luiz Felipe C. Mendonca Filho, Joao G. TI Evaluation of the petroleum composition and quality with increasing thermal maturity as simulated by hydrous pyrolysis: A case study using a Brazilian source rock with Type I kerogen SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Brazilian Type I kerogen; Hydrous pyrolysis; Thermal maturation; Generation and expulsion; Petroleum composition and quality; API gravity; Sulfur content; Asphaltenes; Saturates; Gas/oil ratio ID NATURAL GASES; GENERATION CHARACTERISTICS; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; ORGANIC-MATTER; OIL-GENERATION; CRUDE OILS; MATURATION; KINETICS; SHALE; ASPHALTENES AB Hydrous pyrolysis (HP) experiments were used to investigate the petroleum composition and quality of petroleum generated from a Brazilian lacustrine source rock containing Type I kerogen with increasing thermal maturity. The tested sample was of Aptian age from the Araripe Basin (NE-Brazil). The temperatures (280-360 degrees C) and times (12-132 h) employed in the experiments simulated petroleum generation and expulsion (i.e., oil window) prior to secondary gas generation from the cracking of oil. Results show that similar to other oil prone source rocks, kerogen initially decomposes in part to a polar rich bitumen, which decomposes in part to hydrocarbon rich oil. These two overall reactions overlap with one another and have been recognized in oil shale retorting and natural petroleum generation. During bitumen decomposition to oil, some of the bitumen is converted to pyrobitumen, which results in an increase in the apparent kerogen (i.e., insoluble carbon) content with increasing maturation. The petroleum composition and its quality (i.e., API gravity, gas/oil ratio, C15+ fractions, alkane distribution, and sulfur content) are affected by thermal maturation within the oil window. API gravity, C15+ fractions and gas/oil ratios generated by HP are similar to those of natural petroleum considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. API gravity of the HP expelled oils shows a complex relationship with increasing thermal maturation that is most influenced by the expulsion of asphaltenes. C15+ fractions (i.e., saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) show that expelled oils and bitumen are compositionally separate organic phases with no overlap in composition. Gas/oil ratios (GOR) initially decrease from 508-131 m(3)/m(3) during bitumen generation and remain essentially constant (81-84 m(3)/m(3)) to the end of oil generation. This constancy in GOR is different from the continuous increase through the oil window observed in anhydrous pyrolysis experiments. Alkane distributions of the HP expelled oils are similar to those of natural crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. Isoprenoid and n-alkane ratios (i.e., pristane/n-C-17 and phytane/n-C-18) decrease with increasing thermal maturity as observed in natural crude oils. Pristane/phytane ratios remain constant with increasing thermal maturity through the oil window, with ratios being slightly higher in the expelled oils relative to those in the bitumen. Generated hydrocarbon gases are similar to natural gases associated with crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous, with the exception of elevated ethane contents. The general overall agreement in composition of natural and hydrous pyrolysis petroleum of lacustrine source rocks observed in this study supports the utility of HP to better characterize petroleum systems and the effects of maturation and expulsion on petroleum composition and quality. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Spigolon, Andre L. D.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Geociencias, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [de Barros Penteado, Henrique L.] Basin & Petr Syst Modeling Petrobras E&P EXP, BR-20031117 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Spigolon, Andre L. D.; Coutinho, Luiz Felipe C.] Petrobras Res & Dev Ctr CENPES, Div Geochem, BR-21941915 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Mendonca Filho, Joao G.] LAFO DEGL IGEO CCMN UFRJ, Palynofacies & Organ Facies Lab, BR-21941916 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP Spigolon, ALD (reprint author), Petrobras Res & Dev Ctr CENPES, Div Geochem, Av Horacio Macedo 950,Cidade Univ, BR-21941915 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM andrespigolon@petrobras.com.br FU Petrobras; Organic Facies and Palynofacies Labs (LAFO/UFRJ) FX This research was undertaken as part of the first author's Ph.D. and financially supported by Petrobras. This work was in collaboration with ongoing research on petroleum quality at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and with Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). The authors are grateful to the Geochemistry Lab personnel of Petrobras Research and Development Center (CENPES), USGS Energy Resources Program Lab (Denver), with special thanks to Augusta Warden, Zachary Lowry and Mark F. Dreier for analytical support. Support from the Organic Facies and Palynofacies Labs (LAFO/UFRJ), particularly Joalice de Oliveira Mendonca is greatly appreciated. We thank the assistance given by Mario Assine (UNESP), Mitsuru Arai (Petrobras/CENPES), Diogenes Custodio de Oliveira (Petrobras/UO-RNCE) and Idalecio Freitas (Geopark Araripe) in the collection of the outcrop sample used in this study. The authors also appreciated the helpful contribution of the reviewers Daniel M. Jarvie and an anonymous reviewer. NR 90 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JUN-JUL PY 2015 VL 83-84 BP 27 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.03.001 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI2DQ UT WOS:000354555600003 ER PT J AU King, TL Eackles, MS Reshetnikov, AN AF King, T. L. Eackles, M. S. Reshetnikov, A. N. TI Rapid isolation of microsatellite DNAs and identification of polymorphic mitochondrial DNA regions in the fish rotan (Perccottus glenii) invading European Russia SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE Amur sleeper; Odontobutidae; Perciformes; Rotan; Next generation sequencing; Microsatellite DNA; Mitochondrial DNA ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; CONSEQUENCES; GENETICS; PROGRAM; SLEEPER; MARKERS; RANGE; TESTS AB Human-mediated translocations and subsequent large-scale colonization by the invasive fish rotan (Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877; Perciformes, Odontobutidae), also known as Amur or Chinese sleeper, has resulted in dramatic transformations of small lentic ecosystems. However, no detailed genetic information exists on population structure, levels of effective movement, or relatedness among geographic populations of P. glenii within the European part of the range. We used massively parallel genomic DNA shotgun sequencing on the semiconductor-based Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) sequencing platform to identify nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequences in P. glenii from European Russia. Here we describe the characterization of nine nuclear microsatellite loci, ascertain levels of allelic diversity, heterozygosity, and demographic status of P. glenii collected from Ilev, Russia, one of several initial introduction points in European Russia. In addition, we mapped sequence reads to the complete P. glenii mitochondrial DNA sequence to identify polymorphic regions. Nuclear microsatellite markers developed for P. glenii yielded sufficient genetic diversity to: (1) produce unique multilocus genotypes; (2) elucidate structure among geographic populations; and (3) provide unique perspectives for analysis of population sizes and historical demographics. Among 4.9 million filtered P. glenii Ion Torrent PGM sequence reads, 11,304 mapped to the mitochondrial genome (NC_020350). This resulted in 100 % coverage of this genome to a mean coverage depth of 102X. A total of 130 variable sites were observed between the publicly available genome from China and the studied composite mitochondrial genome. Among these, 82 were diagnostic and monomorphic between the mitochondrial genomes and distributed among 15 genome regions. The polymorphic sites (N = 48) were distributed among 11 mitochondrial genome regions. Our results also indicate that sequence reads generated from two three-hour runs on the Ion Torrent PGM can generate a sufficient number of nuclear and mitochondrial markers to improve understanding of the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of non-model and in particular, invasive species. C1 [King, T. L.; Eackles, M. S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Reshetnikov, A. N.] AN Severtsov Ecol & Evolut Inst, Moscow 119071, Russia. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tlking@usgs.gov FU Wildlife and Invasive Species Program within the Ecosystems Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This investigation was conducted in frames of Area V Program for US-Russia scientific collaboration. Next generation sequencing, marker development, and genotyping were funded by the Wildlife and Invasive Species Program within the Ecosystems Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We wish to thank USGS's Sharon Gross and Kay Briggs for facilitating this cooperative research effort, Robin Johnson for laboratory assistance, and Aaron Aunins for constructive comments on the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s12686-015-0430-x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CH7JW UT WOS:000354213300012 ER PT J AU Vaughn, EE Dwyer, JF Morrison, JL Culver, M AF Vaughn, Erin E. Dwyer, James F. Morrison, Joan L. Culver, Melanie TI Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the crested caracara, Caracara cheriway SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite; Falconidae; Florida; 454 Pyrosequencing ID SOFTWARE AB We isolated novel microsatellites from the crested caracara (Caracara cheriway) with a shotgun pyrosequencing approach. We tested 80 loci for polymorphism among 20 individuals from the threatened Florida population. Fourteen loci were polymorphic. The mean number of alleles was 2.21 (range 2-3) and the mean observed heterozygosity was 0.41 (range 0.15-0.65). None of the 14 polymorphic loci exhibited significant linkage disequilibrium nor did they deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. We also report 16 monomorphic loci. C1 [Vaughn, Erin E.] Univ Arizona, Genet Grad Interdisciplinary Program, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vaughn, Erin E.; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Conservat Genet Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dwyer, James F.] EDM Int Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Morrison, Joan L.] Trinity Coll, Dept Biol, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Culver, Melanie] US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Vaughn, EE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Genet Grad Interdisciplinary Program, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM evaughn@email.arizona.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 557 EP 559 DI 10.1007/s12686-015-0423-9 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CH7JW UT WOS:000354213300061 ER PT J AU Griffith, EM Fantle, MS Eisenhauer, A Paytan, A Bullen, TD AF Griffith, Elizabeth M. Fantle, Matthew S. Eisenhauer, Anton Paytan, Adina Bullen, Thomas D. TI Effects of ocean acidification on the marine calcium isotope record at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE calcium isotopes; diagenetic effects; Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum; marine barite ID DEEP-SEA CARBONATES; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; CA ISOTOPES; RECRYSTALLIZATION RATES; PORE FLUID; SEAWATER; FRACTIONATION; SR; DIAGENESIS; BARITE AB Carbonates are used extensively to reconstruct paleoclimate and paleoceanographic conditions over geologic time scales. However, these archives are susceptible to diagenetic alteration via dissolution, recrystallization and secondary precipitation, particularly during ocean acidification events when intense dissolution can occur. Despite the possible effects of diagenesis on proxy fidelity, the impacts of diagenesis on the calcium isotopic composition (delta Ca-44) of carbonates are unclear. To shed light on this issue, bulk carbonate 844Ca was measured at high resolution in two Pacific deep sea sediment cores (ODP Sites 1212 and 1221) with considerably different dissolution histories over the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 55 Ma). The delta Ca-44 of marine barite was also measured at the deeper Site 1221, which experienced severe carbonate dissolution during the PETM. Large variations (similar to 0.8 parts per thousand) in bulk carbonate delta Ca-44 occur in the deeper of the two sites at depths corresponding to the peak carbon isotope excursion, which correlate with a large drop in carbonate weight percent. Such an effect is not observed in either the 1221 barite record or the bulk carbonate record at the shallower Site 1212, which is also less affected by dissolution. We contend that ocean chemical changes associated with abrupt and massive carbon release into the ocean-atmosphere system and subsequent ocean acidification at the PETM affected the bulk carbonate delta Ca-44 record via diagenesis in the sedimentary column. Such effects are considerable, and need to be taken into account when interpreting Ca isotope data and, potentially, other geochemical proxies over extreme climatic events that drive sediment dissolution. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Griffith, Elizabeth M.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Fantle, Matthew S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Eisenhauer, Anton] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Griffith, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM lgriff@uta.edu; mfantle@psu.edu; aeisenhauer@geomar.de; apaytan@ucsc.edu; tdbullen@usgs.gov RI Eisenhauer, Anton/K-6454-2012 FU NSF [OCE-0449732]; EUROclimate project ECLIM CASIOPEIA (DFG) [Ei272/29-1, 04, FP08] FX The authors acknowledge samples and data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. This work was supported in part by NSF CAREER Grant OCE-0449732 (A.P.). This is a contribution to EUROclimate project 04 ECLIM FP08 CASIOPEIA (DFG Ei272/29-1). The authors thank Joe Street for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, and are grateful to P. Pogge von Strandmann and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the initial submission. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 419 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.010 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH2JW UT WOS:000353852500008 ER PT J AU Dausmann, V Frank, M Siebert, C Christl, M Hein, JR AF Dausmann, Veit Frank, Martin Siebert, Christopher Christl, Marcus Hein, James R. TI The evolution of climatically driven weathering inputs into the western Arctic Ocean since the late Miocene: Radiogenic isotope evidence SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE paleoceanography; paleoclimate; Arctic Deep Water; radiogenic isotopes; glacial weathering; onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation ID ATLANTIC DEEP-WATER; FE-MN CRUSTS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE GLACIATION; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPES; PB ISOTOPES; ND ISOTOPES; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN AB We present the first continuous records of dissolved radiogenic neodymium, hafnium, and lead isotope compositions of deep waters in the western Arctic Ocean, spanning the time from the late Miocene to the present. The data were obtained from three hydrogenetic ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts recovered from seamounts along the northernmost edge of the Northwind Ridge in the Canada Basin from water depths of 2200, 2400, and 3600 m. Dating the crusts using cosmogenic Be-10 documents undisturbed present-day growth surfaces and yields growth rates between 27 and 2.2 mm/Myr. The Nd (Hf) isotope time series of the three crusts show similar evolutions from epsilon(Nd) (epsilon(Hf)) of 8.5 (+4) in the oldest parts to -11.5 (-4) at the surfaces and a pronounced trend to less radiogenic values starting at similar to 4 Ma. This coincided with a trend of the Pb isotope evolution towards more radiogenic (205)pb/(204)pb, (207)pb/(204)pb, and (208)pb/(204)pb. It is inferred that climatically controlled changes in weathering regime and sediment transport along the North American continent were responsible for the major change of the radiogenic isotope composition of the Arctic Deep Water (ADW) in the Canada Basin. Based on these records we conclude that weathering inputs from the North American continent linked to enhanced glacial conditions started to increase and to influence the radiogenic isotope composition of ADW similar to 4 million years ago and were further intensified at similar to 1 Ma. These new time series differ markedly from the radiogenic isotope evolution of Arctic Intermediate Water recorded on the Lomonosov Ridge and suggest that much larger isotopic differences between the water masses of the Arctic Ocean than today prevailed in the past. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dausmann, Veit; Frank, Martin; Siebert, Christopher] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Christl, Marcus] ETH, Lab Ion Beam Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Dausmann, V (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. EM vdausmann@geomar.de RI Siebert, Christopher /M-7071-2013; Christl, Marcus/J-4769-2016 OI Christl, Marcus/0000-0002-3131-6652 NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 419 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.007 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH2JW UT WOS:000353852500011 ER PT J AU Perakis, SS Tepley, AJ Compton, JE AF Perakis, Steven S. Tepley, Alan J. Compton, Jana E. TI Disturbance and Topography Shape Nitrogen Availability and delta N-15 over Long-Term Forest Succession SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fire; logging; erosion; nitrogen isotope; nitrogen mineralization; nitrogen fixation ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; WESTERN OREGON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; DINITROGEN FIXATION; CEANOTHUS-VELUTINUS; SOIL-NITROGEN; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM AB Forest disturbance and long-term succession towards old-growth are thought to increase nitrogen (N) availability and N loss, which should increase soil delta N-15 values. We examined soil and foliar patterns in N and delta N-15, and soil N mineralization, across 800 years of forest succession in a topographically complex montane landscape influenced by human logging and wildfire. In contrast to expectations, we found that disturbance caused declines in surface mineral soil delta N-15 values, both in logged forests measured 40-50 years after disturbance, and in unlogged forests disturbed by severe wildfire within the last 200 years. Both symbiotic N fixation and N transfers from disturbed vegetation and detritus could lower soil delta N-15 values after disturbance. A more important role for symbiotic N fixation is suggested by lower soil delta N-15 values in slow-successional sites with slow canopy closure, which favors early-successional N fixers. Soil delta N-15 values increased only marginally throughout 800 years of succession, reflecting soil N uptake by vegetation and strong overall N retention. Although post-disturbance N inputs lowered surface soil delta N-15 values, steady-state mass balance calculations suggest that wildfire combustion of vegetation and detritus can dominate long-term N loss and increase whole-ecosystem delta N-15. On steeper topography, declining soil delta N-15 values highlight erosion and accelerated soil turnover as an additional abiotic control on N balances. We conclude for N-limited montane forests that soil delta N-15 and N availability are less influenced by nitrate leaching and denitrification loss than by interactions between disturbance, N fixation, and erosion. C1 [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tepley, Alan J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compton, Jana E.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 021-8088] FX We thank Mark Harmon, Kari O'Connell, Tom Giesen, Mark Schulze, and Patti Haggerty for site information, Chris Catricala, Morgan Luce, Bill Rugh, and Aaron Thiel for field and laboratory assistance, and Helga Van Miegroet and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was funded by National Science Foundation grant DEB 021-8088 to the Long-Term Ecological Research Program at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2015 VL 18 IS 4 BP 573 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9847-z PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH6DM UT WOS:000354126300003 ER PT J AU Kim, ST Coplen, TB Horita, J AF Kim, Sang-Tae Coplen, Tyler B. Horita, Juske TI Normalization of stable isotope data for carbonate minerals: Implementation of IUPAC guidelines SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORIC-ACID; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; CO2; TEMPERATURE; STANDARDS; CALCITE; DELTA-O-18; DELTA-C-13; HYDROGEN AB Carbonate minerals provide a rich source of geochemical information because their delta C-13 and delta O-18 values provide information about surface and subsurface Earth processes. However, a significant problem is that the same delta O-18 value is not reported for the identical carbonate sample when analyzed in different isotope laboratories in spite of the fact that the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has provided reporting guidelines for two decades. This issue arises because (1) the delta O-18 measurements are performed on CO2 evolved by reaction of carbonates with phosphoric acid, (2) the acid-liberated CO2 is isotopically fractionated (enriched in O-18) because it contains only two-thirds of the oxygen from the solid carbonate, (3) this oxygen isotopic fractionation factor is a function of mineralogy, temperature, concentration of the phosphoric acid, and delta O-18 value of water in the phosphoric acid, (4) researchers may use any one of an assortment of oxygen isotopic fractionation factors that have been published for various minerals at various reaction temperatures, and (5) it sometimes is not clear how one should calculate delta O-18(VPDB) values on a scale normalized such that the delta O-18 value of SLAP reference water is -55.5 parts per thousand relative to VSMOW reference water. To enable researchers worldwide to publish the same delta O-18 value (within experimental uncertainty) for the same carbonate sample, we have re-evaluated reported acid fractionation factors for calcite at 25, 50, and 75 degrees C and propose a revised relation for the temperature dependence of oxygen isotopic acid fractionation factor, alpha CO2(ACID)-calcite, of 1000ln alpha(CO2(ACID)-calcite) = 3.48(10(3)/T) - 1.47 where T is temperature in kelvin. At 25 degrees C, alpha(CO2(ACID)-calcite) = 1.01025, the most commonly accepted value for this quantity. We propose a normalization protocol in which (1) the internationally distributed carbonate isotopic reference materials NBS 18 and NBS 19 are interspersed among carbonate samples analyzed by treatment with phosphoric acid, (2) the delta O-18 values of the calcite reference materials and the carbonate samples are calculated, respectively, by using the alpha(CO2(ACID)-calcite) relation above and oxygen-isotope acid fractionation factors appropriate for the sample mineralogy and reaction temperature, (3) the delta O-18 values of solid carbonate samples are determined on the VPDB scale (delta O-18(VPDB)) with IUPAC-recommended scale expansion such that the delta O-18 of SLAP reference water is -55.5 parts per thousand relative to VSMOW reference water by normalizing delta O-18 values of carbonate samples with 2014-IUPAC-recommended delta O-18 values of NBS 18 and NBS 19, and (4) delta O-18 values on the VPDB scale are converted to delta O-18 values on the VSMOW-SLAP scale by using IUPAC recommendations. To ease calculations in the protocol, a software application titled "Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Normalization Tool for Carbonates" is available that relies upon IUPAC-recommended delta C-13 and delta O-18 values of carbonate isotopic reference materials (http://isotopes.usgs.gov/research/topics/carbonatesnormalizationtool.html). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Sang-Tae] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Horita, Juske] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Kim, ST (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM sangtae@mcmaster.ca RI Kim, Sang-Tae/C-2768-2013 FU NSERC Discovery Grants Program [386188-2010]; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX The authors thank Drs. Stephen Crowley, Roberto Gonfiantini, and Ying Lin for their valuable comments on the early version of this manuscript. S.-T. Kim would like to thank financial support from the NSERC Discovery Grants Program (386188-2010). The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program also made this article possible. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 158 BP 276 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.011 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH2XU UT WOS:000353889500016 ER PT J AU Pederson, N D'Amato, AW Dyer, JM Foster, DR Goldblum, D Hart, JL Hessl, AE Iverson, LR Jackson, ST Martin-Benito, D McCarthy, BC McEwan, RW Mladenoff, DJ Parker, AJ Shuman, B Williams, JW AF Pederson, Neil D'Amato, Anthony W. Dyer, James M. Foster, David R. Goldblum, David Hart, Justin L. Hessl, Amy E. Iverson, Louis R. Jackson, Stephen T. Martin-Benito, Dario McCarthy, Brian C. McEwan, Ryan W. Mladenoff, David J. Parker, Albert J. Shuman, Bryan Williams, John W. TI Climate remains an important driver of post-European vegetation change in the eastern United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID NORTHERN RED OAK; WHITE OAK; RADIAL GROWTH; HARDWOOD FOREST; TREE MORTALITY; HABITAT MODELS; QUERCUS-ALBA; DROUGHT; VARIABILITY; RESPONSES C1 [Pederson, Neil] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Dyer, James M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Foster, David R.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Goldblum, David] No Illinois Univ, Dept Geog, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Hart, Justin L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geog, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Hessl, Amy E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Iverson, Louis R.] US Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, DOI Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Martin-Benito, Dario] ETH, CHN G 63, Inst Terr Ecosyst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [McCarthy, Brian C.] Ohio Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [McEwan, Ryan W.] Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mladenoff, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Parker, Albert J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shuman, Bryan] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pederson, N (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, 324 North Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RI Hart, Justin/B-2535-2010; OI Hart, Justin/0000-0001-6580-0189; Martin-Benito, Dario/0000-0002-6738-3312 NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2105 EP 2110 DI 10.1111/gcb.12779 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH4BZ UT WOS:000353977500001 PM 25477234 ER PT J AU Cavaleri, MA Reed, SC Smith, WK Wood, TE AF Cavaleri, Molly A. Reed, Sasha C. Smith, W. Kolby Wood, Tana E. TI Urgent need for warming experiments in tropical forests SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE carbon flux; CMIP5; ecosystem processes; global warming; net ecosystem production; temperature; temperature threshold; tipping point; tropics; warming manipulation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE EXPERIMENTS; INFRARED HEATER ARRAYS; GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH; DRY-SEASON IRRIGATION; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; EXPERIMENTAL DROUGHT; SOIL RESPIRATION AB Although tropical forests account for only a fraction of the planet's terrestrial surface, they exchange more carbon dioxide with the atmosphere than any other biome on Earth, and thus play a disproportionate role in the global climate. In the next 20 years, the tropics will experience unprecedented warming, yet there is exceedingly high uncertainty about their potential responses to this imminent climatic change. Here, we prioritize research approaches given both funding and logistical constraints in order to resolve major uncertainties about how tropical forests function and also to improve predictive capacity of earth system models. We investigate overall model uncertainty of tropical latitudes and explore the scientific benefits and inevitable trade-offs inherent in large-scale manipulative field experiments. With a Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 analysis, we found that model variability in projected net ecosystem production was nearly 3 times greater in the tropics than for any other latitude. Through a review of the most current literature, we concluded that manipulative warming experiments are vital to accurately predict future tropical forest carbon balance, and we further recommend the establishment of a network of comparable studies spanning gradients of precipitation, edaphic qualities, plant types, and/or land use change. We provide arguments for long-term, single-factor warming experiments that incorporate warming of the most biogeochemically active ecosystem components (i.e. leaves, roots, soil microbes). Hypothesis testing of underlying mechanisms should be a priority, along with improving model parameterization and constraints. No single tropical forest is representative of all tropical forests; therefore logistical feasibility should be the most important consideration for locating large-scale manipulative experiments. Above all, we advocate for multi-faceted research programs, and we offer arguments for what we consider the most powerful and urgent way forward in order to improve our understanding of tropical forest responses to climate change. C1 [Cavaleri, Molly A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Smith, W. Kolby] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Wood, Tana E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Wood, Tana E.] Fdn Puertorriquena Conservac, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Cavaleri, MA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM macavale@mtu.edu OI Smith, William/0000-0002-5785-6489 NR 126 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 16 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2111 EP 2121 DI 10.1111/gcb.12860 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH4BZ UT WOS:000353977500002 PM 25641092 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Gettys, LA AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, Melissa R. Pratt, Paul D. Rayamajhi, M. B. Gettys, L. A. TI Resource regulation of an invasive tree by a classical biological control agent SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Oxyops vitiosa; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Classical biological control; Resource Regulation Hypothesis; Plant compensation; Herbivory ID OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; FIELD COLONIZATION; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; LIFE-HISTORY; HERBIVORE; GROWTH; CURCULIONIDAE; INSECTS; QUALITY AB The invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia experienced substantial declines in growth and reproduction in response to chronic herbivory by the defoliating weevil Oxyops vitiosa. Plants subjected to unrestricted defoliation replaced leaves that were more suitable for feeding by the next generation, a process envisioned by the Resource Regulation Hypothesis which posits that attack by one generation increases the amount of the preferred host resources for the next, resulting in a positive feedback loop for the herbivore. The production of juvenile replacement leaves stimulated additional bouts of oviposition and feeding by O. vitiosa, which ultimately produced positive effects for the herbivore with negative consequences for the plant. The addition of water resources to the plant prolonged the positive feedback loop such that more than twice as many insects were produced on irrigated versus non-irrigated trees. In a more simple, reassembled food web on M. quinquenervia, the lack of biotic constraints like parasitoids may have prevented the earlier termination of the feedback loop and thus increased the impact of the biological control agent on the target. The overall effectiveness of this classical biological control program can be attributed, in part, to the phenomenon of the target plant's induced susceptible response to a herbivore. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Martin, Melissa R.; Pratt, Paul D.; Rayamajhi, M. B.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Martin, Melissa R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxahatchee Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Gettys, L. A.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2015 VL 85 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.03.001 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA CH1QH UT WOS:000353795900002 ER PT J AU Nilsen, EB Hapke, WB McIlraith, B Markovchick, D AF Nilsen, Elena B. Hapke, Whitney B. McIlraith, Brian Markovchick, Dennis TI Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pacific lamprey; Contaminants; Columbia River; Bioaccumulation; Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; WASTE-WATER; LAND-USE; SEDIMENT; LEGACY; RISK; FISH; TOXICITY; ESTUARY AB Pacific lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus) have resided in the Columbia River Basin for millennia and have great ecological and cultural importance. The role of habitat contamination in the recent decline of the species has rarely been studied and was the main objective of this effort. A wide range of contaminants (115 analytes) was measured in sediments and tissues at 27 sites across a large geographic area of diverse land use. This is the largest dataset of contaminants in habitats and tissues of Pacific lamprey in North America and the first study to compare contaminant bioburden during the larval life stage and the anadromous, adult portion of the life cycle. Bioaccumulation of pesticides, flame retardants, and mercury was observed at many sites. Based on available data, contaminants are accumulating in larval Pacific lamprey at levels that are likely detrimental to organism health and may be contributing to the decline of the species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nilsen, Elena B.; Hapke, Whitney B.] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [McIlraith, Brian] CRITFC, Denver, CO USA. [Markovchick, Dennis] USGS NWQL, Denver, CO USA. RP Nilsen, EB (reprint author), USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM enilsen@usgs.gov RI Nilsen, Elena/I-3579-2016; OI Nilsen, Elena/0000-0002-0104-6321; Markovchick, Dennis/0000-0003-2881-5693 FU Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords; Bonneville Power Administration [2008-524-00]; USGS Cooperative Water Program [14WNOR000014800] FX We would like to thank Matt Fox, Aaron Jackson, Carson McVay, Ralph Lampman, Patrick Luke, Gabe Sheoships, Andrew Wildbill, Lance Wyss, Barbara Stifel, Lori Pillsbury, Dianne Barton, Bob Heinith, Jennifer Morace, Ian Waite, Collin Eagles-Smith, John Williams, Steve Winkler, Kathy Kuivila, Lyndal Johnson, and Mary Lou Soscia for helpful discussions, field support, and/or technical project support. Funding for this study was provided by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords partnership with the Bonneville Power Administration under project 2008-524-00, and by the USGS Cooperative Water Program under agreement 14WNOR000014800. This manuscript was greatly improved by thoughtful input from several peer reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 201 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG2CC UT WOS:000353081500014 PM 25795069 ER PT J AU Dohm, JM Hare, TM Robbins, SJ Williams, JP Soare, RJ El-Maarry, MR Conway, SJ Buczkowski, DL Kargel, JS Banks, ME Fairen, AG Schulze-Makuch, D Komatsu, G Miyamoto, H Anderson, RC Davila, AF Mahaney, WC Fink, W Cleaves, KJ Yan, J Hynek, B Maruyama, S AF Dohm, J. M. Hare, T. M. Robbins, S. J. Williams, J. -P. Soare, R. J. El-Maarry, M. R. Conway, S. J. Buczkowski, D. L. Kargel, J. S. Banks, M. E. Fairen, A. G. Schulze-Makuch, D. Komatsu, G. Miyamoto, H. Anderson, R. C. Davila, A. F. Mahaney, W. C. Fink, W. Cleaves, K. J. Yan, J. Hynek, B. Maruyama, S. TI Geological and hydrological histories of the Argyre province, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Geological processes; Astrobiology; Tectonics ID SURFACE GROUND ICE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ANTARCTIC PALEOSOLS; VALLES MARINERIS; NORTHERN PLAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SLOPE STREAKS; IMPACT BASIN; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM AB The geologic history of the multi-ringed Argyre impact basin and surroundings has been reconstructed on the basis of geologic mapping and relative-age dating of rock materials and structures. The impact formed a primary basin, rim materials, and a complex basement structural fabric including faults and valleys that are radial and concentric about the primary basin, as well as structurally-controlled local basins. Since its formation, the basin has been a regional catchment for volatiles and sedimentary materials as well as a dominant influence on the flow of surface ice, debris flows, and groundwater through and over its basement structures. The basin is interpreted to have been occupied by lakes, including a possible Mediterranean-sized sea that formed in the aftermath of the Argyre impact event The hypothesized lakes froze and diminished through time, though liquid water may have remained beneath the ice cover and sedimentation may have continued for some time. At its deepest, the main Argyre lake may have taken more than a hundred thousand years to freeze to the bottom even absent any heat source besides the Sun, but with impact-induced hydrothermal heat, geothermal heat flow due to long-lived radioactivities in early martian history, and concentration of solutes in sub-ice brine, liquid water may have persisted beneath thick ice for many millions of years. Existence of an ice-covered sea perhaps was long enough for life to originate and evolve with gradually colder and more hypersaline conditions. The Argyre rock materials, diverse in origin and emplacement mechanisms, have been modified by impact, magmatic, eolian, fluvial, lacustrine, glacial, periglacial, alluvial, colluvial, and tectonic processes. Post-impact adjustment of part of the impact-generated basement structural fabric such as concentric faults is apparent. Distinct basin-stratigraphic units are interpreted to be linked to large-scale geologic activity far from the basin, including growth of the Tharsis magmatic-tectonic complex and the growth into southern middle latitudes of south polar ice sheets. Along with the migration of surface and sub-surface volatiles towards the central part of the primaiy basin, the substantial difference in elevation with respect to the surrounding highlands and Tharsis and the Thaumasia highlands result in the trapping of atmospheric volatiles within the basin in the form of fog and regional or local precipitation, even today. In addition, the impact event caused long-term (millions of years) hydrothermal activity, as well as deep-seated basement structures that have tapped the internal heat of Mars, as conduits, for far greater time, possibly even today. This possibility is raised by the observation of putative open-system pingos and nearby gullies that occur in linear depressions with accompanying systems of faults and fractures. Long-term water and heat energy enrichment, complemented by the interaction of the nutrient-enriched primordial crustal and mantle materials favorable to life excavated to the surface and near-surface environs through the Argyre impact event, has not only resulted in distinct geomorphology, but also makes the Argyre basin a potential site of exceptional astrobiological significance. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dohm, J. M.; Miyamoto, H.] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Hare, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Robbins, S. J.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Williams, J. -P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Soare, R. J.] Dawson Coll, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3Z 1A4, Canada. [El-Maarry, M. R.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Conway, S. J.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Buczkowski, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kargel, J. S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Banks, M. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Banks, M. E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Fairen, A. G.] Ctr Astrobiol, Dept Planetol & Habitabil, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Fairen, A. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Tech Univ Berlin, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Komatsu, G.] Univ Annunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65421 Pescara, Italy. [Anderson, R. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Davila, A. F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Mahaney, W. C.] Quaternary Surveys, Thornhill, ON L4J 1J4, Canada. [Fink, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cleaves, K. J.; Maruyama, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Earth Life Sci Inst, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Cleaves, K. J.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Yan, J.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, RISE Project Off, Oshu 0230861, Japan. [Hynek, B.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys & Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Bunkyo Ku, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM jmd@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012; Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Maruyama, Shigenori/C-8288-2009; OI Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X; Conway, Susan/0000-0002-0577-2312; EL-MAARRY, MOHAMED RAMY/0000-0002-8262-0320; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk/0000-0002-1923-9746; Cleaves, Henderson/0000-0003-4101-0654 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Planetary Geology & Geophysics Program; Tokyo Dome Corporation; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), ERC [307496] FX J.M. Dohm was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Planetary Geology & Geophysics Program. Professors Dohm and Miyamoto express their gratitude to the Tokyo Dome Corporation for their support of the TeNQ exhibit and the branch of Space Exploration Education & Discovery, the University Museum, the University of Tokyo. Work by A.G. Fairen was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ERC Grant agreement No. 307496. We are grateful for the thoughtful reviews by T. Ohman and an anonymous reviewer which ultimately resulted in an improved manuscript. NR 195 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2015 VL 253 BP 66 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.02.017 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CH1BD UT WOS:000353755200007 ER PT J AU Zawada, DG Ruzicka, R Colella, MA AF Zawada, David G. Ruzicka, Rob Colella, Michael A. TI A comparison between boat-based and diver-based methods for quantifying coral bleaching SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bleaching assessment; Coral bleaching; Coral reef monitoring ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS; REEFS; FLORIDA; EVENTS AB Recent increases in both the frequency and severity of coral bleaching events have spurred numerous surveys to quantify the immediate impacts and monitor the subsequent community response. Most of these efforts utilize conventional diver-based methods, which are inherently time-consuming, expensive, and limited in spatial scope unless they deploy large teams of scientifically-trained divers. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the Along-Track Reef Imaging System (ATRIS), an automated image-acquisition technology, for assessing a moderate bleaching event that occurred in the summer of 2011 in the Florida Keys. More than 100,000 images were collected over 2.7 km of transects spanning four patch reefs in a 3-h period. In contrast divers completed 18, 10-m long transects at nine patch reefs over a 5-day period. Corals were assigned to one of four categories: not bleached, pale, partially bleached, and bleached. The prevalence of bleaching estimated by ATRIS was comparable to the results obtained by divers, but only for corals >41 cm in size. The coral size-threshold computed for ATRIS in this study was constrained by prevailing environmental conditions (turbidity and sea state) and, consequently, needs to be determined on a study-by-study basis. Both ATRIS and diver-based methods have innate strengths and weaknesses that must be weighed with respect to project goals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zawada, David G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Ruzicka, Rob; Colella, Michael A.] Florida Ash & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Zawada, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dzawada@usgs.gov; Rob.Ruzicka@MyFWC.com; Mike.Colella@MyFWC.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency award, from State of Florida Marine Resources Conservation Trust Fund [X7-95447709] FX The authors thank Christopher D. Reich and Phil Thompson of the USGS for assistance with acquisition of the ATRIS imagery, and Barbara H.Lidz for preparing the ATRIS-derived bleaching data. DGZ was funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Funding to support CREMP was provided by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency award X7-95447709, from the State of Florida Marine Resources Conservation Trust Fund. CREMP surveys were authorized under Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary permits FKNMS-2007-121 and FKNMS-2013-05. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 467 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.02.017 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CH0WR UT WOS:000353743600006 ER PT J AU Raphael, MG Shirk, AJ Falxa, GA Pearson, SF AF Raphael, Martin G. Shirk, Andrew J. Falxa, Gary A. Pearson, Scott F. TI Habitat associations of marbled murrelets during the nesting season in nearshore waters along the Washington to California coast SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Boosted regression; Central place foraging; Foraging habitat; Habitat selection; Hotspot; Marbled murrelet; Nesting habitat; Pacific Northwest; USA; Sea surface temperature ID UPWELLING SYSTEM; BRACHYRAMPHUS-MARMORATUS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SEABIRD; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; OCEAN; PREY; PREDATORS AB The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) is a seabird in the family Alcidae that forages in nearshore waters of the Pacific Northwest, and nests in adjacent older-forest conifers within 80 km offshore. The species is of conservation concern due to habitat loss and declining numbers, and is listed as Threatened in British Columbia, Canada and in the United States portion of its range south of Canada. Recent monitoring in the United States indicated that murrelet numbers continued to decline there, especially in the waters of Washington State. To better understand this decline, and to inform conservation planning for the species, we evaluated how terrestrial and marine factors influence the distribution and abundance of the murrelet in coastal waters, including whether at-sea hotspots of murrelet abundance exist. Murrelet at-sea abundance and distribution were determined by surveys conducted annually from 2000 to 2012 in coastal waters from the United States-Canada border south to San Francisco Bay. We summarized mean and variance of murrelet density at the scale of 5-km segments of coastal waters throughout this area. We used a boosted regression tree analysis to investigate the contributions of a suite of marine and terrestrial attributes to at-sea murrelet abundance in each segment. We observed several regional hotspots of higher murrelet abundance at sea. Terrestrial attributes made the strongest contribution, especially the amount and cohesiveness of suitable nesting habitat in proximity to each segment, whereas marine attributes explained less of the spatial and temporal variations in murrelet abundance. At-sea hotspots of murrelet abundance therefore reflect not only suitable marine foraging habitat but primarily the proximity of suitable inland nesting habitat. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Raphael, Martin G.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Shirk, Andrew J.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Falxa, Gary A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Pearson, Scott F.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Sci Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Raphael, MG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM mraphael@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station; federal Northwest Forest Plan Effectiveness Monitoring Program FX This study evolved from a larger effort to investigate the status and trend of the murrelet under the auspices of the federal Northwest Forest Plan Effectiveness Monitoring Program sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. We are indebted to other members of the monitoring team for insights and suggestions leading to this work, including M. Lance, L Long, D. Lynch, S.L. Miller, S.K. Nelson, C.J. Ralph, C.S. Strong, and R.D. Young. Funding for this study was contributed by the Pacific Northwest Research Station and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the many field assistants who collected the data reported herein, as well as to S. Miller, C. Strong, L. Long, M. Lance, and T. Bloxton who led the field crews. We benefitted from statistical advice from J. Baldwin, A. Steele, and N. Povak. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 146 SI SI BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.06.010 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CG8ZP UT WOS:000353604500003 ER PT J AU Gartner, JE Santi, PM Cannon, SH AF Gartner, J. E. Santi, P. M. Cannon, S. H. TI Predicting locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Debris flow; Post-fire erosion; Hazard assessment; Logistic regression ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EMPIRICAL-MODELS; INCISION; VOLUMES; EVENTS; FIRE; USA AB Timely hazard assessments are needed to assess post-fire debris flows that may impact communities located within and adjacent to recently burned areas. Implementing existing models for debris-flow probability and magnitude can be time-consuming because the geographic extent for applying the models is manually defined. In this study, a model is presented for predicting locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion. This model is further calibrated to identify the geographic extent for applying post-fire hazard assessment models. Aerial photographs were used to map locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion and deposition in the San Gabriel Mountains. Terrain, burn severity, and soil characteristics expected to influence debris-flow erosion and deposition were calculated for each mapped location using 10-m resolution DEMs, GIS data for burn severity, and soil surveys. Multiple logistic regression was used to develop a model that predicts the probability of erosion as a function of channel slope, planform curvature, and the length of the longest upstream flow path. The model was validated using an independent database of mapped locations of debris-flow erosion and deposition and found to make accurate and precise predictions. The model was further calibrated by identifying the average percentage of the drainage network classified as erosion for mapped locations where debris flows transitioned from eroding to depositing material. The calibrated model provides critical information for consistent and timely application of post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment models and the ability to identify locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion. C1 [Gartner, J. E.] BGC Engn Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gartner, J. E.; Santi, P. M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gartner, J. E.; Cannon, S. H.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gartner, JE (reprint author), BGC Engn Inc, Suite 280,1299 Washington Ave, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jgartner@bgcengineering.ca NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUN PY 2015 VL 77 IS 2 BP 1305 EP 1321 DI 10.1007/s11069-015-1656-3 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CH1TF UT WOS:000353803700042 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Ennen, JR Yackulic, CB Meyer-Wilkins, K Agha, M Loughran, C Bjurlin, C Austin, M Madrak, S AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Ennen, Joshua R. Yackulic, Charles B. Meyer-Wilkins, Kathie Agha, Mickey Loughran, Caleb Bjurlin, Curtis Austin, Meaghan Madrak, Sheila TI Not putting all their eggs in one basket: bet-hedging despite extraordinary annual reproductive output of desert tortoises SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE annual plant biomass; clutch size; clutch frequency; Gopherus agassizii; productivity; renewable energy; Sonoran Desert; turtle; wind energy; winter rainfall ID NORTH-AMERICAN TORTOISES; WIND ENERGY FACILITY; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LIFE-HISTORIES; MOJAVE-DESERT; POPULATION; SIZE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB Bet-hedging theory makes the counter-intuitive prediction that, if juvenile survival is low and unpredictable, organisms should consistently reduce short-term reproductive output to minimize the risk of reproductive failure in the long-term. We investigated the long-term reproductive output of an Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) population and conformance to a bet-hedging strategy of reproduction in an unpredictable but comparatively productive environment. Most females reproduced every year, even during periods of low precipitation and poor germination of food plants, and the mean percentage of reproducing females did not differ significantly on an annual basis. Although mean annual egg production (clutch sizexclutch frequency) differed significantly among years, mean clutch size and mean clutch frequency remained relatively constant. During an El Nino year, mean annual egg production and mean annual clutch frequency were the highest ever reported for this species. Annual egg production was positively influenced by maternal body size but clutch size and clutch frequency were not. Our long-term results confirm earlier conclusions based on short-term research that desert tortoises have a bet-hedging strategy of producing small clutches almost every year. The risk of long-term reproductive failure is minimized in unpredictable environments, both through time by annually producing multiple small clutches over a long reproductive lifespan, even in years of low resource availability, and through space by depositing multiple annual clutches in different locations. The extraordinary annual reproductive output of this population appears to be the result of a typically high but unpredictable biomass of annual food plants at the site relative to tortoise habitat in dryer regions. Under the comparatively productive but unpredictable conditions, tortoises conform to predictions of a bet-hedging strategy of reproduction with relatively small but consistent clutch sizes.Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 115, 399-410. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Ennen, Joshua R.; Yackulic, Charles B.; Agha, Mickey; Loughran, Caleb] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ennen, Joshua R.] Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Agha, Mickey] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Loughran, Caleb] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bjurlin, Curtis] Stantec Consulting, Cottage Grove, WI 53527 USA. [Austin, Meaghan] Trileaf Environm Corp, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Madrak, Sheila] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Agha, Mickey/0000-0003-0961-8344; Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU California Energy Commission; Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program; California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM; Joshua Tree National Park FX Many people assisted us during the course of the present study. Field support for this project was provided by interns from the Student Conservation Association, EarthWatch, and volunteers too numerous to list. We especially thank Ramona Daniels, Rowland Griese, Mark Massar, and Gavin Wright for their long commitment to the support of our project. Al Muth kindly provided accommodation at the Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Research Center of the University of California, Riverside, during our research. Mart Westbrooks and Kip Madsen allowed us to use their veterinary facilities to process X-radiographs. Charlie Porter and Annette Burvick of the Flagstaff Medical Center also provided access to processing facilities. Gerald Kuchling provided us with ultrasound diagnosis in 2011. Research was supported by the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program, California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM, and Joshua Tree National Park. Research was conducted under permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the BLM. We are grateful to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Northern Arizona University for reviewing and approving our research procedures. Earlier versions of the manuscript benefitted greatly from comments offered by Roy Averill-Murray, Justin Congdon, Laura Tennant, and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. JEL conceived and formulated the idea, JEL developed the methodology, and JRE, CBY, and JEL generated analyses and analyzed the data. All authors conducted field research and provided editorial advice, JEL wrote the manuscript. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 115 IS 2 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1111/bij.12505 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA CG7TM UT WOS:000353508000012 ER PT J AU Hanks, EM Schliep, EM Hooten, MB Hoeting, JA AF Hanks, Ephraim M. Schliep, Erin M. Hooten, Mevin B. Hoeting, Jennifer A. TI Restricted spatial regression in practice: geostatistical models, confounding, and robustness under model misspecification SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE generalized linear mixed model; spatial confounding; random effects; restricted regression ID MALARIA AB In spatial generalized linear mixed models (SGLMMs), covariates that are spatially smooth are often collinear with spatially smooth random effects. This phenomenon is known as spatial confounding and has been studied primarily in the case where the spatial support of the process being studied is discrete (e.g., areal spatial data). In this case, the most common approach suggested is restricted spatial regression (RSR) in which the spatial random effects are constrained to be orthogonal to the fixed effects. We consider spatial confounding and RSR in the geostatistical (continuous spatial support) setting. We show that RSR provides computational benefits relative to the confounded SGLMM, but that Bayesian credible intervals under RSR can be inappropriately narrow under model misspecification. We propose a posterior predictive approach to alleviating this potential problem and discuss the appropriateness of RSR in a variety of situations. We illustrate RSR and SGLMM approaches through simulation studies and an analysis of malaria frequencies in The Gambia, Africa. Copyright (c) 2015John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hanks, Ephraim M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Schliep, Erin M.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.; Hoeting, Jennifer A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hanks, EM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, 326 Thomas Bldg, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM hanks@psu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EF-0914489] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EF-0914489 (Hoeting). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD JUN PY 2015 VL 26 IS 4 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1002/env.2331 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA CG6BL UT WOS:000353380200001 ER PT J AU DeVries, RJ Schramm, HL AF DeVries, R. J. Schramm, H. L., Jr. TI Similarities and differences in C-13 and N-15 stable isotope ratios in two non-lethal tissue types from shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOWING MISSISSIPPI RIVER; JUVENILE PALLID STURGEON; BODY-SIZE; FOOD-WEB; DELTA-C-13; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-N-15; FISHES; DIET; FIN AB We tested the hypothesis that C-13 and N-15 signatures of pectoral spines would provide measures of C-13 and N-15 similar to those obtained from fin clips for adult shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus. Thirty-two shovelnose sturgeon (fork length [FL]=500-724mm) were sampled from the lower Mississippi River, USA on 23 February 2013. Isotopic relationships between the two tissue types were analyzed using mixed model analysis of covariance. Tissue types differed significantly for both C-13 (P<0.01; spine: mean=-23.83, SD=0.62; fin clip: mean=-25.74, SD=0.97) and N-15 (P=0.01; spine: mean=17.01, SD=0.51; fin clip: mean=17.19, SD=0.62). Neither FL nor the FLxtissue type interaction had significant (P>0.05) effects on C-13. Fin clip C-13 values were highly variable and weakly correlated (r=0.16, P=0.40) with those from pectoral spines. We found a significant FL-tissue type interaction for N-15, reflecting increasing N-15 with FL for spines and decreasing N-15 with FL for fin clips. These results indicate that spines are not a substitute for fin clip tissue for measuring C-13 and N-15 for shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Mississippi River, but the two tissues have different turnover rates they may provide complementary information for assessing trophic position at different time scales. C1 [DeVries, R. J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi, MS USA. [Schramm, H. L., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi, MS USA. RP DeVries, RJ (reprint author), Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mail Stop 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rjd155@msstate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks; Mississippi State University FX We thank Dylan Hann, Patrick Kroboth, Jared Porter, Tyler Young, and Bryant Haley for helping collect tissue samples, Pat Gerard for his statistical input, and Kimberlee Sparks and the Cornell Stable Isotope Laboratory for processing the spine samples and conducting the isotopic analysis. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, and Mississippi State University. This research was conducted in compliance with provisions established in Mississippi State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number 14-015. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 474 EP 478 DI 10.1111/jai.12708 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CG8GM UT WOS:000353545300006 ER PT J AU Alder, JR Hostetler, SW AF Alder, J. R. Hostetler, S. W. TI Web based visualization of large climate data sets SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Visualization; Big data; Climate modeling; Statistical downscaling AB We have implemented the USGS National Climate Change Viewer (NCCV), which is an easy-to-use web application that displays future projections from global climate models over the United States at the state, county and watershed scales. We incorporate the NASA NEX-DCP30 statistically downscaled temperature and precipitation for 30 global climate models being used in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and hydrologic variables we simulated using a simple water-balance model. Our application summarizes very large, complex data sets at scales relevant to resource managers and citizens and makes climate-change projection information accessible to users of varying skill levels. Tens of terabytes of high-resolution climate and water-balance data are distilled to compact binary format summary files that are used in the application. To alleviate slow response times under high loads, we developed a map caching technique that reduces the time it takes to generate maps by several orders of magnitude. The reduced access time scales to >500 concurrent users. We provide code examples that demonstrate key aspects of data processing, data exporting/importing and the caching technique used in the NCCV. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Alder, J. R.; Hostetler, S. W.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alder, JR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jalder@usgs.gov; swhostet@usgs.gov OI Alder, Jay/0000-0003-2378-2853 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 68 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.02.016 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG1ZC UT WOS:000353073700014 ER PT J AU Kalnejais, LH Martin, WR Bothner, MH AF Kalnejais, Linda H. Martin, W. R. Bothner, Michael H. TI Porewater dynamics of silver, lead and copper in coastal sediments and implications for benthic metal fluxes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Trace metal; Early diagenesis; Silver; Benthic flux; Coastal marine sediments ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; PORE-WATER PROFILES; LONG-ISLAND SOUND; BOSTON HARBOR; EARLY DIAGENESIS; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; TRACE-METALS; SEA-WATER AB To determine the conditions that lead to a diffusive release of dissolved metals from coastal sediments, porewater profiles of Ag, Cu, and Pb have been collected over seven years at two contrasting coastal sites in Massachusetts, USA. The Hingham Bay (HB) site is a contaminated location in Boston Harbor, while the Massachusetts Bay (MB) site is 11 km offshore and less impacted. At both sites, the biogeochemical cycles include scavenging by Fe-oxyhydroxides and release of dissolved metals when Fe-oxyhydroxides are reduced. Important differences in the metal cycles at the two sites, however, result from different redox conditions. Porewater sulfide and seasonal variation in redox zone depth is observed at HB, but not at MB. In summer, as the conditions become more reducing at HB, trace metals are precipitated as sulfides and are no longer associated with Fe-oxyhydroxides. Sulfide precipitation close to the sediment-water interface limits the trace metal flux in summer and autumn at HB, while in winter, oxidation of the sulfide phases drives high benthic fluxes of Cu and Ag, as oxic conditions return. The annual diffusive flux of Cu at FIB is found to be significant and contributes to the higher than expected water column Cu concentrations observed in Boston Harbor. At MB, due to the lower sulfide concentrations, the association of trace metals with Fe-oxyhydroxides occurs throughout the year, leading to more stable fluxes. A surface enrichment of solid phase trace metals was found at MB and is attributed to the persistent scavenging by Fe-oxyhydroxides. This process is important, particularly at sites that are less reducing, because it maintains elevated metal concentrations at the surface despite the effects of bioturbation and sediment accumulation, and because it may increase the persistence of metal contamination in surface sediments. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kalnejais, Linda H.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kalnejais, Linda H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Martin, W. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bothner, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kalnejais, LH (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM linda.kainejais@unh.edu OI Kalnejais, Linda/0000-0002-6672-3864 FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Sea Grant Program under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA16RG2273, R/G-28]; WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute; National Science Foundation [OCE-0220892]; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Western Australia; WHOI Academic Programs Office; University of New Hampshire FX We express our gratitude to J. Goudreau and the USGS Woods Hole sampling team for the expert core collection, M. Reuer for guidance on the Co-APDC method, and D. Schneider for assistance with the ICP-MS. Insightful comments from Kevin Kroeger and anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Sea Grant Program, under a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Grant No. NA16RG2273, project no. R/G-28; the WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute; the National Science Foundation grant OCE-0220892 and the U.S. Geological Survey. LHK was funded by a Hackett Scholarship from the University of Western Australia, the WHOI Academic Programs Office and the University of New Hampshire. NR 92 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 517 BP 178 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.011 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CF6JU UT WOS:000352663800018 PM 25727674 ER PT J AU Barber, LB Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP Minarik, TA Oskouie, AK AF Barber, Larry B. Loyo-Rosales, Jorge E. Rice, Clifford P. Minarik, Thomas A. Oskouie, Ali K. TI Endocrine disrupting alkylphenolic chemicals and other contaminants in wastewater treatment plant effluents, urban streams, and fish in the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Regions SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; 4-Nonylphenol compounds; 4-Tert-octylphenol compounds; Bisphenol A; Triclosan; Trace elements; Gadolinium anomaly; Fish endocrine disruption ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WIDESPREAD SEXUAL DISRUPTION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; NONYLPHENOL-ETHOXYLATES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Urban streams are an integral part of the municipal water cycle and provide a point of discharge for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, allowing additional attenuation through dilution and transformation processes, as well as a conduit for transporting contaminants to downstream water supplies. Domestic and commercial activities dispose of wastes down-the-drain, resulting in wastewater containing complex chemical mixtures that are only partially removed during treatment A key issue associated with WWTP effluent discharge into streams is the potential to cause endocrine disruption in fish. This study provides a long-term (1999-2009) evaluation of the occurrence of alkylphenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other contaminants discharged from WWTPs into streams in the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Regions (Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Ohio). The Greater Metropolitan Chicago Area Waterways, Illinois, were evaluated to determine contaminant concentrations in the major WWTP effluents and receiving streams, and assess the behavior of EDCs from their sources within the sewer collection system, through the major treatment unit processes at a WWTP, to their persistence and transport in the receiving stream. Water samples were analyzed for alkylphenolic EDCs and other contaminants, including 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-nonylphenolpolyethoxylates (NPEO), 4-nonylphenolethoxycarboxylic acids (NPEC), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), 4-tert-octylphenolpolyethoxylates (OPEO), bisphenol A, triclosan, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and trace elements. All of the compounds were detected in all of the WWTP effluents, with EDTA and NPEC having the greatest concentrations. The compounds also were detected in the WWTP effluent dominated rivers. Multiple fish species were collected from river and lake sites and analyzed for NP, NPEO, NPEC, OP, and OPEO. Whole-body fish tissue analysis indicated widespread occurrence of alkylphenolic compounds, with the highest concentrations occurring in streams with the greatest WWTP effluent content. Biomarkers of endocrine disruption in the fish indicated long-term exposure to estrogenic chemicals in the wastewater impacted urban waterways. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Loyo-Rosales, Jorge E.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. [Rice, Clifford P.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Minarik, Thomas A.; Oskouie, Ali K.] Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago, Cicero, IL 60804 USA. [Oskouie, Ali K.] IIT, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU US Environmental Protection Agency under RARE [DW14921854-01-0] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Peter Howe, Al Alwan, and Todd Nettesheim (US Environmental Protection Agency, Region V) for helping make the various studies possible and Dr. David Lordi (Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago) for providing site access to the Calumet WWTP. Thanks to Greg Brown, Howard Taylor, and Steffanie Keefe (US Geological Survey) for technical assistance with chemical and data analyses. We thank all of the WWTP operators for providing site access and assistance with sampling. This research was partially supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency under RARE Grant DW14921854-01-0. Use of trade or product names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 79 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 112 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 517 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.035 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CF6JU UT WOS:000352663800019 PM 25727675 ER PT J AU Audetat, A Garbe-Schonberg, D Kronz, A Pettke, T Rusk, B Donovan, JJ Lowers, HA AF Audetat, Andreas Garbe-Schoenberg, Dieter Kronz, Andreas Pettke, Thomas Rusk, Brian Donovan, John J. Lowers, Heather A. TI Characterisation of a Natural Quartz Crystal as a Reference Material for Microanalytical Determination of Ti, Al, Li, Fe, Mn, Ga and Ge SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE quartz; trace elements; reference material; LA-ICP-MS; electron probe microanalysis; TitaniQ; quartz; elements traces; materiau de reference; LA-ICP-MS; EPMA; TitaniQ ID PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSIT; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ICP-MS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; TITANIQ; MONTANA; BUTTE; FRACTIONATION; GEOCHEMISTRY AB A natural smoky quartz crystal from Shandong province, China, was characterised by laser ablation ICP-MS, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and solution ICP-MS to determine the concentration of twenty-four trace and ultra trace elements. Our main focus was on Ti quantification because of the increased use of this element for titanium-in-quartz (TitaniQ) thermobarometry. Pieces of a uniform growth zone of 9 mm thickness within the quartz crystal were analysed in four different LA-ICP-MS laboratories, three EPMA laboratories and one solution-ICP-MS laboratory. The results reveal reproducible concentrations of Ti (574gg(-1)), Al (154 +/- 15gg(-1)), Li (30 +/- 2gg(-1)), Fe (2.2 +/- 0.3gg(-1)), Mn (0.34 +/- 0.04gg(-1)), Ge (1.7 +/- 0.2gg(-1)) and Ga (0.020 +/- 0.002gg(-1)) and detectable, but less reproducible, concentrations of Be, B, Na, Cu, Zr, Sn and Pb. Concentrations of K, Ca, Sr, Mo, Ag, Sb, Ba and Au were below the limits of detection of all three techniques. The uncertainties on the average concentration determinations by multiple techniques and laboratories for Ti, Al, Li, Fe, Mn, Ga and Ge are low; hence, this quartz can serve as a reference material or a secondary reference material for microanalytical applications involving the quantification of trace elements in quartz. Un cristal naturel de quartz fume provenant de la province de Shandong, en Chine, a ete analyse par ICP-MS (ablation laser et solution) et microsonde electronique (EPMA) pour determiner la concentration de vingt-quatre elements traces et ultra-traces. Notre objectif principal etait la quantification du Ti en raison de l'utilisation accrue de cet element pour la methode de thermobarometrie dite du << titane-dans le-quartz (TitaniQ)>>. Des fragments du cristal de quartz preleves dans une zone de croissance uniforme de 9mm d'epaisseur ont ete analyses dans quatre laboratoires differents par LA-ICP-MS, dans trois laboratoires par EPMA, et dans un laboratoire par solution-ICP-MS. Les resultats mettent en evidence des concentrations de Ti reproductibles (57 +/- 4gg(-1)), Al (154 +/- 15gg(-1)), Li (30 +/- 2gg(-1)), Fe (2,2 +/- 0,3gg(-1)), Mn (0,34 +/- 0,04gg(-1)), Ge (1,7 +/- 0,2gg(-1)) et Ga (0,020 +/- 0,002gg(-1)), et des concentrations detectables, mais moins reproductibles pour Be, B, Na, Cu, Zr, Sn et Pb. Les concentrations en K, Ca, Sr, Mo, Ag, Sb, Ba et Au sont inferieures aux limites de detection de ces trois techniques. Les incertitudes sur les determinations des concentrations moyennes par de multiples techniques et laboratoires pour Ti, Al, Li, Fe, Mn, Ga et Ge sont faibles; par consequent, ce quartz peut servir de materiau de reference ou de materiau de reference secondaire pour des applications microanalytiques impliquant la quantification des elements traces dans le quartz. C1 [Audetat, Andreas] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Garbe-Schoenberg, Dieter] Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Kronz, Andreas] Univ Gottingen, Geowissensch Zentrum, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Pettke, Thomas] Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Rusk, Brian] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Donovan, John J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Lowers, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Microbeam Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Audetat, A (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM andreas.audetat@uni-bayreuth.de RI Garbe-Schonberg, Dieter/E-2439-2016 OI Garbe-Schonberg, Dieter/0000-0001-9006-9463 FU NSF [EAR-0345908]; Murdoch Foundation FX A.A. thanks Hubert Schulze for preparing the polished cross-section of the quartz sample. D.G.-S. highly appreciates help from Ulrike Westernstroer during sample preparation and solution-based ICP-MS analyses. J.J.D. acknowledges instrument funding by NSF EAR-0345908 and the Murdoch Foundation. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscript benefitted from thoughtful comments by Alan Koenig, Celestine Mercier and two anonymous reviewers. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1639-4488 EI 1751-908X J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 39 IS 2 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2014.00309.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE7MT UT WOS:000352026200003 ER PT J AU Crootof, A Mullabaev, N Saito, L Atwell, L Rosen, MR Bekchonova, M Ginatullina, E Scott, J Chandra, S Nishonov, B Lamers, JPA Fayzieva, D AF Crootof, Arica Mullabaev, Nodirbek Saito, Laurel Atwell, Lisa Rosen, Michael R. Bekchonova, Marhabo Ginatullina, Elena Scott, Julian Chandra, Sudeep Nishonov, Bakhriddin Lamers, John P. A. Fayzieva, Dilorom TI Hydroecological condition and potential for aquaculture in lakes of the arid region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; Water quality; Central Asia; Arid environments; SPMD ID KARAKALPAKSTAN AB With >400 small (<1 ha) lakes, the arid Khorezm Province in Uzbekistan may be well-suited for aquaculture production. Developing water resources to provide a local food supply could increase fish consumption while improving the rural economy. Hydroecological (biological and physical) and chemical characteristics (including legacy pesticides Sigma DDT and Sigma HCH) of four representative drainage lakes in Khorezm from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed for the lakes' capability to support healthy fish populations. Lake characteristics were categorized as "optimal" (having little or no effect on growth and development), "tolerable" (corresponding to chronic or sub-lethal toxicity) and "lethal" (corresponding to acute toxicity). Results indicate that three lakes are likely well-suited for raising fish species, with water quality meeting World Bank aquaculture guidelines. However, the fourth lake often had salinity concentrations > optimal levels for local fish species. Pesticide concentrations in water of all four lakes were within tolerable aquaculture ranges. Although water Sigma DDT concentrations were >optimal limits, results from chemical analysis of fish tissues and semi-permeable membrane devices indicated that study lake Sigma DDT concentrations were not accumulating in fish or posing a human health threat. Land and water management to maintain adequate lake water quality are imperative for sustaining fish populations for human consumption. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crootof, Arica; Scott, Julian] Univ Nevada Reno, Grad Program Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Mullabaev, Nodirbek; Ginatullina, Elena; Fayzieva, Dilorom] Acad Sci, Inst Water Problems, Tashkent 100041, Uzbekistan. [Saito, Laurel; Chandra, Sudeep] Univ Nevada Reno, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Saito, Laurel; Chandra, Sudeep] Grad Program Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Atwell, Lisa] Univ Nevada Reno, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Bekchonova, Marhabo] Urgench State Univ, Khorezm 220100, Uzbekistan. [Nishonov, Bakhriddin] Hydrometeorol Res Inst, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan. [Lamers, John P. A.] Univ Bonn, Res Dev Ctr, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. RP Saito, L (reprint author), Univ Nevada Reno, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Mail Stop 186, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM acrootof@gmail.com; nodirbek76@mail.ru; Isaito@cabnr.unr.edu; lisa@spiralmonkey.com; mrosen@usgs.gov; marhabobek@yahoo.com; ginatullina@yandex.ru; scottj01ster@gmail.com; limnosudeep@gmail.com; bnishonov@mail.ru; jlamers@uni-bonn.de; dfayzieva@gmail.com RI Saito, Laurel/E-3096-2010 OI Saito, Laurel/0000-0003-3617-3133 FU North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)'s Science for Peace Program [SfP 982159]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0838239] FX Funding for this project was provided by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)'s Science for Peace Program (SfP 982159) and the National Science Foundation (EAR-0838239). The Center for Development Research (ZEF) provided valuable resources for field work and training. We also greatly appreciate the assistance of Nalin Howard, Akmal Nigmadjanov, Margaret Shanafield, Diana Shermetova, Natalya Shermetova, and Liliana Sin for assistance during the study. Reviews of the manuscript by Sandra Cooper, Steven L. Goodbred and Reynaldo Patino greatly improved the final version of the paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 117 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.012 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE1GD UT WOS:000351559200005 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Scott, RL Nguyen, U Nagler, PL AF Glenn, Edward P. Scott, Russell L. Uyen Nguyen Nagler, Pamela L. TI Wide-area ratios of evapotranspiration to precipitation in monsoon-dependent semiarid vegetation communities SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Eddy covariance flux; MODIS; MODIS ET product; Enhanced vegetation index; Rangeland ecology; Shrub encroachment; Invasive grasses ID WOODY PLANT ENCROACHMENT; RITA-EXPERIMENTAL-RANGE; WATER-BALANCE; SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEMS; CROP COEFFICIENTS; EDDY-COVARIANCE; WALNUT GULCH; FLUX TOWERS; GRASSLAND; MODIS AB Evapotranspiration (ET) and the ratio of ET to precipitation (PPT) are important factors in the water budget of semiarid rangelands and are in part determined by the dominant plant communities. Our goal was to see if landscape changes such as tree or shrub encroachment and replacement of native grasses by invasive grasses impacted ET and ET/PPT and therefore watershed hydrology in this biome. We determined ET and ET/PPT for shrublands, grasslands and mesquite savannas in southern Arizona at five moisture flux towers and determined the environmental factors controlling ET in each plant community. We then scaled ET over areas of 4-36 km(2), representing homogeneous patches of each plant community, using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite. Over wide areas, estimated ET/PPT projected from MODIS EVI ranged from 0.71 for a sparsely-vegetated shrub site to 1.00 for grasslands and mesquite savannas. The results did not support hypotheses that encroachment of mesquites into grasslands or that replacement of native grasses with introduced Eragrostis lehmanniana (lehmann lovegrass) have increased rangeland ET. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Glenn, Edward P.; Uyen Nguyen] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, 1177 E 4th St,POB 210038, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu; russ.scott@ars.usda.gov; uyenn@email.arizona.edu; pnagler@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 117 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.010 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE1GD UT WOS:000351559200010 ER PT J AU Lawrence, CR Harden, JW Xu, XM Schulz, MS Trumbore, SE AF Lawrence, Corey R. Harden, Jennifer W. Xu, Xiaomei Schulz, Marjorie S. Trumbore, Susan E. TI Long-term controls on soil organic carbon with depth and time: A case study from the Cowlitz River Chronosequence, WA USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Soils; Pedogenesis; Mineralogy; Organo-metal; Radiocarbon ID VOLCANIC ASH SOILS; GRASSLAND SOILS; NEW-ZEALAND; ALUMINUM SOLUBILITY; WEATHERING SEQUENCE; MINERAL SURFACES; TEMPERATE SOILS; HUMUS COMPLEXES; CONIFER FOREST; SANTA-CRUZ AB Over timescales of soil development (millennia), the capacity of soils to stabilize soil organic carbon (SOC) is linked to soil development through changes in soil mineralogy and other soil properties. In this study, an extensive dataset of soil profile chemistry and mineralogy is compiled from the Cowlitz River Chronosequence (CRC), WA USA. The CRC soils range in age from 0.25 to 1200 kyr, spanning a developmental gradient encompassing clear changes in soil mineralogy, chemistry, and surface area. Comparison of these and other metrics of soil development with SOC properties reveal several relationships that may be diagnostic of the long-term coupling of soil development and C cycling. Specifically, SOC content was significantly correlated with sodium pyrophosphate extractable metals emphasizing the relevance of organo-metal complexes in volcanic soils. The depth distributions of organo-metals and other secondary weathering products, including the kaolin and short-range order (SRO) minerals, support the so-called "binary composition" of volcanic soils. The formation of organo-metal complexes limits the accumulation of secondary minerals in shallow soils, whereas in deep soils with lower SOC content, secondary minerals accumulate. In the CRC soils, secondary minerals formed in deep soils (below 50 cm) including smectite, allophone, Fe-oxides and dominated by the kaolin mineral halloysite. The abundance of halloysite was significantly correlated with bulk soil surface area and C-14 content (a proxy for the mean age of SOC), implying enhanced stability of C in deep soils. Allophone, an SRO mineral commonly associated with SOC storage, was not correlated with SOC content or C-14 values in CRC soils. We propose conceptual framework to describe these observations based on a general understanding of pedogenesis in volcanic soils, where SOC cycling is coupled with soil development through the formation of and fate of organo-metal or other mobile weathering products. This framework highlights interactions between SOC and soil development, which may be applicable to other soils where organic inputs interact with the products of chemical weathering. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lawrence, Corey R.; Harden, Jennifer W.; Schulz, Marjorie S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Xu, Xiaomei; Trumbore, Susan E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Trumbore, Susan E.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Lawrence, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM clawrence@usgs.gov OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship and Climate and Land use Mission area FX Support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship and Climate and Land use Mission area. The authors would like thank Alex Blum, Sasha Reed, Emily Kyker-Snowman, Meagan Mnich and Jack McFarland for their contributions including assistance in the field and laboratory and/or comments on early versions of the manuscript. NR 108 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUN PY 2015 VL 247 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.02.005 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA CE4GZ UT WOS:000351790400007 ER PT J AU Kronholm, SC Capel, PD AF Kronholm, Scott C. Capel, Paul D. TI A comparison of high-resolution specific conductance-based end-member mixing analysis and a graphical method for baseflow separation of four streams in hydrologically challenging agricultural watersheds SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hydrograph separation; specific conductance; end-member mixing analysis; BFI; agricultural watersheds; baseflow ID HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; STORM RUNOFF; CORN; FATE; CONDUCTIVITY; CATCHMENTS; COMPONENTS; FERTILIZER; MODEL AB Quantifying the relative contributions of different sources of water to a stream hydrograph is important for understanding the hydrology and water quality dynamics of a given watershed. To compare the performance of two methods of hydrograph separation, a graphical program [baseflow index (BFI)] and an end-member mixing analysis that used high-resolution specific conductance measurements (SC-EMMA) were used to estimate daily and average long-term slowflow additions of water to four small, primarily agricultural streams with different dominant sources of water (natural groundwater, overland flow, subsurface drain outflow, and groundwater from irrigation). Because the result of hydrograph separation by SC-EMMA is strongly related to the choice of slowflow and fastflow end-member values, a sensitivity analysis was conducted based on the various approaches reported in the literature to inform the selection of end-members. There were substantial discrepancies among the BFI and SC-EMMA, and neither method produced reasonable results for all four streams. Streams that had a small difference in the SC of slowflow compared with fastflow or did not have a monotonic relationship between streamflow and stream SC posed a challenge to the SC-EMMA method. The utility of the graphical BFI program was limited in the stream that had only gradual changes in streamflow. The results of this comparison suggest that the two methods may be quantifying different sources of water. Even though both methods are easy to apply, they should be applied with consideration of the streamflow and/or SC characteristics of a stream, especially where anthropogenic water sources (irrigation and subsurface drainage) are present. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kronholm, Scott C.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Capel, PD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, 122 Civil Engn Bldg,500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM capel@usgs.gov FU US Geologic Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program; University of Minnesota Water Resource Science program FX We would like to thank the US Geological Survey teams that collected the water samples. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the US Geologic Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program and the University of Minnesota Water Resource Science program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2521 EP 2533 DI 10.1002/hyp.10378 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CI5OH UT WOS:000354806200005 ER PT J AU Neish, CD Barnes, JW Sotin, C MacKenzie, S Soderblom, JM Le Mouelic, S Kirk, RL Stiles, BW Malaska, MJ Le Gall, A Brown, RH Baines, KH Buratti, B Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Neish, C. D. Barnes, J. W. Sotin, C. MacKenzie, S. Soderblom, J. M. Le Mouelic, S. Kirk, R. L. Stiles, B. W. Malaska, M. J. Le Gall, A. Brown, R. H. Baines, K. H. Buratti, B. Clark, R. N. Nicholson, P. D. TI Spectral properties of Titan's impact craters imply chemical weathering of its surface SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE erosion and weathering; impact cratering; Titan ID CASSINI VIMS; HUYGENS PROBE; LANDING SITE; RADAR; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSMISSION; CONSTRAINTS; TOPOGRAPHY; EVAPORITE; IMAGES AB We examined the spectral properties of a selection of Titan's impact craters that represent a range of degradation states. The most degraded craters have rims and ejecta blankets with spectral characteristics that suggest that they are more enriched in water ice than the rims and ejecta blankets of the freshest craters on Titan. The progression is consistent with the chemical weathering of Titan's surface. We propose an evolutionary sequence such that Titan's craters expose an intimate mixture of water ice and organic materials, and chemical weathering by methane rainfall removes the soluble organic materials, leaving the insoluble organics and water ice behind. These observations support the idea that fluvial processes are active in Titan's equatorial regions. C1 [Neish, C. D.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Barnes, J. W.; MacKenzie, S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID USA. [Sotin, C.; Stiles, B. W.; Malaska, M. J.; Baines, K. H.; Buratti, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Soderblom, J. M.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Le Mouelic, S.] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, LPGNantes, CNRS UMR 6112, Nantes, France. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Le Gall, A.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Lab Atmospheres, Milieux, Observat Spatiales LATMOS, Paris, France. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Neish, CD (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM cneish@fit.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Malaska, Michael/0000-0003-0064-5258 FU NASA [NNH11ZDA001N-OPR, NNH13ZDA001N-OPR]; NASA FX We wish to acknowledge the Cassini VIMS and RADAR teams for acquiring and processing the data presented here. Data from the Cassini mission are made publicly available through the Planetary Data System (pds.nasa.gov). We also wish to thank E. Turtle and an anonymous individual for their careful reviews and J. Lunine for input that helped to improve the manuscript. C.N. and C.S. acknowledge support from the NASA Outer Planets Research Program (NNH11ZDA001N-OPR and NNH13ZDA001N-OPR). Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3746 EP 3754 DI 10.1002/2015GL063824 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CL0KJ UT WOS:000356631300016 ER PT J AU Watters, TR Selvans, MM Banks, ME Hauck, SA Becker, KJ Robinson, MS AF Watters, Thomas R. Selvans, Michelle M. Banks, Maria E. Hauck, Steven A., II Becker, Kris J. Robinson, Mark S. TI Distribution of large-scale contractional tectonic landforms on Mercury: Implications for the origin of global stresses SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mercury; tectonics; thrust fault; stress ID LOBATE SCARPS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; WRINKLE RIDGES; MESSENGER; EVOLUTION; TOPOGRAPHY; HEMISPHERE; MANTLE; FAULTS; BASIN AB The surface of Mercury is dominated by contractional tectonic landforms that are evidence of global-scale crustal deformation. Using MESSENGER orbital high-incidence angle imaging and topographic data, large-scale lobate thrust fault scarps have been mapped globally. The spatial distribution and areal density of the contractional landforms are not uniform; concentrations occur in longitudinal bands and between the north and south hemispheres. Their orientations are generally north-south at low latitude to midlatitude and east-west at high latitudes. The spatial distribution and distribution of orientations of these large-scale contractional features suggest that planet-wide contraction due to interior cooling cannot be the sole source of global stresses. The nonrandom orientations are best explained by a combination of stresses from global contraction and tidal despinning combined with an equator-to-pole variation in lithospheric thickness, while the nonuniform areal density of the contractional features may indicate the influence of mantle downwelling or heterogeneities in lithospheric strength. C1 [Watters, Thomas R.; Selvans, Michelle M.; Banks, Maria E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Hauck, Steven A., II] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Becker, Kris J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Robinson, Mark S.] Arizona State Univ Tempe, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Watters, TR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM watterst@si.edu OI Hauck, Steven/0000-0001-8245-146X FU NASA [NNX07AR60G] FX We thank W.B. McKinnon and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We also thank S.C. Solomon, P.K. Byrne, and C. Klimczak for helpful suggestion on an early manuscript. We are grateful to the MESSENGER engineers and technical support personnel at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. This work is also supported by NASA grant NNX07AR60G. Data used to produce the results of this paper can be obtained upon request from the first author. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3755 EP 3763 DI 10.1002/2015GL063570 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CL0KJ UT WOS:000356631300017 ER PT J AU Han, SC Sauber, J Pollitz, F AF Han, Shin-Chan Sauber, Jeanne Pollitz, Fred TI Coseismic compression/dilatation and viscoelastic uplift/subsidence following the 2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes quantified from satellite gravity observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gravity change; strike-slip earthquake; GPS; viscoelastic relaxation; elastic deformation ID DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; RELAXATION; AFTERSLIP; EARTH AB The 2012 Indian Ocean earthquake sequence (M-w 8.6, 8.2) is a rare example of great strike-slip earthquakes in an intraoceanic setting. With over a decade of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, we were able to measure and model the unanticipated large coseismic and postseismic gravity changes of these events. Using the approach of normal mode decomposition and spatial localization, we computed the gravity changes corresponding to five moment tensor components. Our analysis revealed that the gravity changes are produced predominantly by coseismic compression and dilatation within the oceanic crust and upper mantle and by postseismic vertical motion. Our results suggest that the postseismic positive gravity and the postseismic uplift measured with GPS within the coseismic compressional quadrant are best fit by ongoing uplift associated with viscoelastic mantle relaxation. Our study demonstrates that the GRACE data are suitable for analyzing strike-slip earthquakes as small as M-w 8.2 with the noise characteristics of this region. C1 [Han, Shin-Chan] Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Sauber, Jeanne] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Pollitz, Fred] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Han, SC (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM shin-chan.han@newcastle.edu.au NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3764 EP 3772 DI 10.1002/2015GL063819 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CL0KJ UT WOS:000356631300018 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Van Metre, PC Pribil, MJ Horowitz, AJ AF Gray, John E. Van Metre, Peter C. Pribil, Michael J. Horowitz, Arthur J. TI Tracing historical trends of Hg in the Mississippi River using Hg concentrations and Hg isotopic compositions in a lake sediment core (vol 395, pg 80, 2015) SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Gray, John E.; Pribil, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Horowitz, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Horowitz, Arthur J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAY 26 PY 2015 VL 404 BP 183 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.04.014 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CJ5UL UT WOS:000355556400015 ER PT J AU Strong, C Zuckerberg, B Betancourt, JL Koenig, WD AF Strong, Courtenay Zuckerberg, Benjamin Betancourt, Julio L. Koenig, Walter D. TI Climatic dipoles drive two principal modes of North American boreal bird irruption SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE avian irruption; boreal birds; climate variability; migration; masting ID SEED-EATING BIRDS; SPRUCE CONE; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; FOREST; MAST; MIGRATION; PATTERNS; TREES; REPRODUCTION AB Pine Siskins exemplify normally boreal seed-eating birds that can be sparse or absent across entire regions of North America in one year and then appear in large numbers the next. These dramatic avian "irruptions" are thought to stem from intermittent but broadly synchronous seed production (masting) in one year and meager seed crops in the next. A prevalent hypothesis is that widespread masting in the boreal forest at high latitudes is driven primarily by favorable climate during the two to three consecutive years required to initiate and mature seed crops in most conifers. Seed production is expensive for trees and is much reduced in the years following masting, driving boreal birds to search elsewhere for food and overwintering habitat. Despite this plausible logic, prior efforts to discover climate-irruption relationships have been inconclusive. Here, analysis of more than 2 million Pine Siskin observations from Project FeederWatch, a citizen science program, reveals two principal irruption modes (North-South and WestEast), both of which are correlated with climate variability. The North-South irruption mode is, in part, influenced by winter harshness, but the predominant climate drivers of both modes manifest in the warm season as continental-scale pairs of oppositely signed precipitation and temperature anomalies (i.e., dipoles). The climate dipoles juxtapose favorable and unfavorable conditions for seed production and wintering habitat, motivating a push-pull paradigm to explain irruptions of Pine Siskins and possibly other boreal bird populations in North America. C1 [Strong, Courtenay] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Zuckerberg, Benjamin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Koenig, Walter D.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Koenig, Walter D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Strong, C (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM court.strong@utah.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0639794, DEB-1256394]; USA National Phenology Network FX We are indebted to thousands of volunteers that participate in Project FeederWatch. We thank David N. Bonter and the Cornell Lab of Ornithology for access to FeederWatch data and Karine Prince for data management. We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve the manuscript. The interdisciplinary collaboration that led to this paper was facilitated by a Research Coordination Network workshop on continental-scale phenological modeling in Milwaukee funded by National Science Foundation Grant IOS-0639794 and supported by the USA National Phenology Network. Additional support was received from National Science Foundation Grant DEB-1256394 (to W.D.K.). NR 59 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 26 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 21 BP E2795 EP E2802 DI 10.1073/pnas.1418414112 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CJ1AJ UT WOS:000355213200011 PM 25964328 ER PT J AU Quattrini, AM Baums, IB Shank, TM Morrison, CL Cordes, EE AF Quattrini, Andrea M. Baums, Iliana B. Shank, Timothy M. Morrison, Cheryl L. Cordes, Erik E. TI Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE deep sea; population genetics; connectivity; adaptive divergence; octocoral; Gulf of Mexico ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; PRESSURE TOLERANCES; SEA; CORAL; PROGRAM; CONNECTIVITY; GROWTH; LOCI AB The depth-differentiation hypothesis proposes that the bathyal region is a source of genetic diversity and an area where there is a high rate of species formation. Genetic differentiation should thus occur over relatively small vertical distances, particularly along the upper continental slope (200-1000 m) where oceanography varies greatly over small differences in depth. To test whether genetic differentiation within deepwater octocorals is greater over vertical rather than geographical distances, Callogorgia delta was targeted. This species commonly occurs throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico at depths ranging from 400 to 900 m. We found significant genetic differentiation (F-ST = 0.042) across seven sites spanning 400 km of distance and 400 m of depth. A pattern of isolation by depth emerged, but geographical distance between sites may further limit gene flow. Water mass boundaries may serve to isolate populations across depth; however, adaptive divergence with depth is also a possible scenario. Microsatellite markers also revealed significant genetic differentiation (F-ST = 0.434) between C. delta and a closely related species, Callogorgia americana, demonstrating the utility of microsatellites in species delimitation of octocorals. Results provided support for the depth-differentiation hypothesis, strengthening the notion that factors covarying with depth serve as isolation mechanisms in deep-sea populations. C1 [Quattrini, Andrea M.; Cordes, Erik E.] Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Baums, Iliana B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Morrison, Cheryl L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Quattrini, AM (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Biol, 1900 North 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM aquattrini@usgs.gov RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010; OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308; Cordes, Erik/0000-0002-6989-2348 FU BOEM; NOAA-OER (BOEM) [M08PC20038]; Dr Nancy Foster Scholarship programme; Temple University Dissertation Completion Grant; Lerner-Gray grant for marine research FX Funding was provided by BOEM and NOAA-OER (BOEM contract no. M08PC20038) for the Lophelia II project led by TDI-Brooks International. A.M.Q. was funded by the Dr Nancy Foster Scholarship programme, Temple University Dissertation Completion Grant and the Lerner-Gray grant for marine research. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 22 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 1807 AR UNSP 20150008 DI 10.1098/rspb.2015.0008 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CG5RH UT WOS:000353351100005 PM 25904664 ER PT J AU Arsnoe, IM Hickling, GJ Ginsberg, HS McElreath, R Tsao, JI AF Arsnoe, Isis M. Hickling, Graham J. Ginsberg, Howard S. McElreath, Richard Tsao, Jean I. TI Different Populations of Blacklegged Tick Nymphs Exhibit Differences in Questing Behavior That Have Implications for Human Lyme Disease Risk SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODIDAE NYMPHS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PACIFICUS ACARI; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ZOONOTIC DISEASES; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Animal behavior can have profound effects on pathogen transmission and disease incidence. We studied the questing (= host-seeking) behavior of blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) nymphs, which are the primary vectors of Lyme disease in the eastern United States. Lyme disease is common in northern but not in southern regions, and prior ecological studies have found that standard methods used to collect host-seeking nymphs in northern regions are unsuccessful in the south. This led us to hypothesize that there are behavior differences between northern and southern nymphs that alter how readily they are collected, and how likely they are to transmit the etiological agent of Lyme disease to humans. To examine this question, we compared the questing behavior of I. scapularis nymphs originating from one northern (Lyme disease endemic) and two southern (non-endemic) US regions at field sites in Wisconsin, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Florida. Laboratory-raised uninfected nymphs were monitored in circular 0.2 m(2) arenas containing wooden dowels (mimicking stems of understory vegetation) for 10 (2011) and 19 (2012) weeks. The probability of observing nymphs questing on these stems (2011), and on stems, on top of leaf litter, and on arena walls (2012) was much greater for northern than for southern origin ticks in both years and at all field sites (19.5 times greater in 2011; 3.6-11.6 times greater in 2012). Our findings suggest that southern origin I. scapularis nymphs rarely emerge from the leaf litter, and consequently are unlikely to contact passing humans. We propose that this difference in questing behavior accounts for observed geographic differences in the efficacy of the standard sampling techniques used to collect questing nymphs. These findings also support our hypothesis that very low Lyme disease incidence in southern states is, in part, a consequence of the type of host-seeking behavior exhibited by southern populations of the key Lyme disease vector. C1 [Arsnoe, Isis M.; Tsao, Jean I.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hickling, Graham J.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Rhode Isl Field Stn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [McElreath, Richard] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McElreath, Richard] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Arsnoe, IM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kuczajis@msu.edu FU National Science Foundation, Emerging Infectious Disease Award [EF-0914476] FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation, Emerging Infectious Disease Award EF-0914476. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 80 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 42 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 21 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 5 AR e0127450 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0127450 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK7VW UT WOS:000356444000068 PM 25996603 ER PT J AU Sturrock, AM Wikert, JD Heyne, T Mesick, C Hubbard, AE Hinkelman, TM Weber, PK Whitman, GE Glessner, JJ Johnson, RC AF Sturrock, Anna M. Wikert, J. D. Heyne, Timothy Mesick, Carl Hubbard, Alan E. Hinkelman, Travis M. Weber, Peter K. Whitman, George E. Glessner, Justin J. Johnson, Rachel C. TI Reconstructing the Migratory Behavior and Long-Term Survivorship of Juvenile Chinook Salmon under Contrasting Hydrologic Regimes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CENTRAL VALLEY; PACIFIC SALMON; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; NORTH-AMERICA; SR ISOTOPES; COHO SALMON AB The loss of genetic and life history diversity has been documented across many taxonomic groups, and is considered a leading cause of increased extinction risk. Juvenile salmon leave their natal rivers at different sizes, ages and times of the year, and it is thought that this life history variation contributes to their population sustainability, and is thus central to many recovery efforts. However, in order to preserve and restore diversity in life history traits, it is necessary to first understand how environmental factors affect their expression and success. We used otolith 87Sr/86Sr in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tsha-wytcha) returning to the Stanislaus River in the California Central Valley (USA) to reconstruct the sizes at which they outmigrated as juveniles in a wetter (2000) and drier (2003) year. We compared rotary screw trap-derived estimates of outmigrant timing, abundance and size with those reconstructed in the adults from the same cohort. This allowed us to estimate the relative survival and contribution of migratory phenotypes (fry, parr, smolts) to the adult spawning population under different flow regimes. Juvenile abundance and outmigration behavior varied with hydroclimatic regime, while downstream survival appeared to be driven by size- and time-selective mortality. Although fry survival is generally assumed to be negligible in this system, >20% of the adult spawners from outmigration year 2000 had outmigrated as fry. In both years, all three phenotypes contributed to the spawning population, however their relative proportions differed, reflecting greater fry contributions in the wetter year (23% vs. 10%) and greater smolt contributions in the drier year (13% vs. 44%). These data demonstrate that the expression and success of migratory phenotypes vary with hydrologic regime, emphasizing the importance of maintaining diversity in a changing climate. C1 [Sturrock, Anna M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wikert, J. D.; Mesick, Carl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi, CA USA. [Heyne, Timothy] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Tuolumne River Restorat Ctr, La Grange, CA USA. [Hubbard, Alan E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hinkelman, Travis M.] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, CA USA. [Weber, Peter K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA USA. [Whitman, George E.; Johnson, Rachel C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Glessner, Justin J.] Univ Calif Davis, Interdisciplinary Ctr Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Johnson, Rachel C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Sturrock, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM a.sturrock@berkeley.edu OI Hinkelman, Travis/0000-0002-8157-8407 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service funding under United States Bureau of Reclamation Agreement [R09AC20043]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX United States Fish and Wildlife Service funding under United States Bureau of Reclamation Agreement R09AC20043 was awarded to RCJ. Work at LLNL by PKW was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy, Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 96 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 44 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 20 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 5 AR e0122380 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0122380 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CI7CV UT WOS:000354921400006 PM 25992556 ER PT J AU Gehre, M Renpenning, J Gilevska, T Qi, HP Coplen, TB Meijer, HAJ Brand, WA Schimmelmann, A AF Gehre, Matthias Renpenning, Julian Gilevska, Tetyana Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Meijer, Harro A. J. Brand, Willi A. Schimmelmann, Arndt TI On-Line Hydrogen-Isotope Measurements of Organic Samples Using Elemental Chromium: An Extension for High Temperature Elemental-Analyzer Techniques SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONVERSION SYSTEMS; DEUTERIUM CONTENT; STABLE HYDROGEN; WATER SAMPLES; PRECISION; H-2; DELTA-O-18; PYROLYSIS; DELTA-H-2 AB The high temperature conversion (HTC) technique using an elemental analyzer with a glassy carbon tube and filling (temperature conversion/elemental analysis, TC/EA) is a widely used method for hydrogen isotopic analysis of water and many solid and liquid organic samples with analysis by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). However, the TC/EA IRMS method may produce inaccurate delta H-2 results, with values deviating by more than 20 mUr (milliurey = 0.001 = 1 parts per thousand) from the true value for some materials. We show that a single-oven, chromium-filled elemental analyzer coupled to an IRMS substantially improves the measurement quality and reliability for hydrogen isotopic compositions of organic substances (Cr-EA method). Hot chromium maximizes the yield of molecular hydrogen in a helium carrier gas by irreversibly and quantitatively scavenging all reactive elements except hydrogen. In contrast, under TC/EA conditions, heteroelements like nitrogen or chlorine (and other halogens) can form hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or hydrogen chloride (HCl) and this can cause isotopic fractionation. The Cr-EA technique thus expands the analytical possibilities for on-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples significantly. This method yielded reproducibility values (1-sigma) for delta H-2 measurements on water and caffeine samples of better than 1.0 and 0.5 mUr, respectively. To overcome handling problems with water as the principal calibration anchor for hydrogen isotopic measurements, we have employed an effective and simple strategy using reference waters or other liquids sealed in silver-tube segments. These crimped silver tubes can be employed in both the Cr-EA and TC/EA techniques. They simplify considerably the normalization of hydrogen-isotope measurement data to the VSMOW-SLAP (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water-Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale, and their use improves accuracy of the data by eliminating evaporative loss and associated isotopic fractionation while handling water as a bulk sample. The calibration of organic samples, commonly having high delta H-2 values, will benefit from the availability of suitably H-2-enriched reference waters, extending the VSMOW-SLAP scale above zero. C1 [Gehre, Matthias; Renpenning, Julian; Gilevska, Tetyana] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Isotope Biogeochem, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Meijer, Harro A. J.] Univ Groningen, Energy & Sustainabil Res Inst Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res CIO, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Brand, Willi A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Schimmelmann, Arndt] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gehre, M (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Isotope Biogeochem, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM matthias.gehre@ufz.de FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1052927]; European Union [PITN-GA-2010-264329]; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank Kinga Revesz (U.S. Geological Survey) for constructive comments on this manuscript. This work was inspired by a collaborative ring-test project, organized by A. Schimmelmann, IAEA, and USGS, to develop internationally distributed, organic hydrogen stable isotopic reference materials (partially funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, grant EAR-1052927, PI A. Schimmelmann). The research in Leipzig has been financially supported in part by the European Union under the seventh Framework Programs (project acronym CSI: ENVIRONMENT, contract number PITN-GA-2010-264329). The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 19 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 10 BP 5198 EP 5205 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00085 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CI8YN UT WOS:000355057700027 PM 25874646 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Kraus, TEC Fleck, JA Krabbenhoft, DP Horwath, WR Bachand, SM Herzog, MP Hartman, CA Bachand, PAM AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Kraus, Tamara E. C. Fleck, Jacob A. Krabbenhoft, David P. Horwath, William R. Bachand, Sandra M. Herzog, Mark P. Hartman, C. Alex Bachand, Philip A. M. TI Experimental Dosing of Wetlands with Coagulants Removes Mercury from Surface Water and Decreases Mercury Bioaccumulation in Fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; INORGANIC MERCURY; HEAVY-METALS; TAHOE BASIN; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS; EXPORT; METHYLATION; SALTS; USA AB Mercury pollution is widespread globally, and strategies for managing mercury contamination in aquatic environments at necesary. We tested whether coagulation with,metal-based salts could remove mercury from wetland surface waters and decrease mercury bioaccumulation in fish. In a complete randomized block design, we constructed nine experimental wetlands in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, stocked them with mosquito-fish (Gambusia affinis), and then continuously applied agricultural drainage water that was either untreated (control), or treated with polyaluminum chloride or ferric,sulfate coagulants. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in surface waters were decreased by 62% and 63% in polyaluminum chloride treated wetlands, and 50% and 76% in ferric sulfate treated wetlands compared to control wetlands. Specifically, following coagulation; mercury was transferred from the filtered fraction of water into the particulate fraction of water which then settled within the wetland. Mosquitofish mercury concentrations were decreased by 35% in ferric sulfate treated wetlands compared to,control wetlands.. There was no reduction in mosquitofish mercury concentrations. within the polyaluminum chloride treated wetlands, which may have been caused by production of bioavailable methylmercury within those wetlands. Coagulation may be an effective management strategy for reducing mercury contamination within wetlands, but further studies should explore Potential effects on wetland ecosystems. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.; Hartman, C. Alex] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Kraus, Tamara E. C.; Fleck, Jacob A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Horwath, William R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bachand, Sandra M.; Bachand, Philip A. M.] Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644; Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU California Department of Water Resources; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program FX This research was funded by the California Department of Water Resources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, and U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program. We thank Bob Pedlar, Genevive Schrader, Paul Randall, Tim Vendlinski, and Roger Fujii for project support; Demetri Dokos and Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District for providing mosquitofish; Nicole Stern, Yan Liang, and Tad Doane for experimental wetland maintenance and logistical support; Trevor Watts, Ashley Casey, Laura Young, Elizabeth Stumpner, John DeWild, and Jacob Ogorek for field and laboratory assistance; Collin Eagles-Smith for manuscript review; and Julie Yee for statistical advice. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 19 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 10 BP 6304 EP 6311 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00655 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI8YT UT WOS:000355058300056 PM 25893963 ER PT J AU Lisi, PJ Schindler, DE Cline, TJ Scheuerell, MD Walsh, PB AF Lisi, Peter J. Schindler, Daniel E. Cline, Timothy J. Scheuerell, Mark D. Walsh, Patrick B. TI Watershed geomorphology and snowmelt control stream thermal sensitivity to air temperature SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate change; thermal regime; MARSS; hydrology; Bristol Bay; Alaska ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; ISOTOPES; WILDFIRE; SURFACE; MODELS; SPACE; ZONE AB How local geomorphic and hydrologic features mediate the sensitivity of stream thermal regimes to variation in climatic conditions remains a critical uncertainty in understanding aquatic ecosystem responses to climate change. We used stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen to estimate contributions of snow and rainfall to 80 boreal streams and show that differences in snow contribution are controlled by watershed topography. Time series analysis of stream thermal regimes revealed that streams in rain-dominated, low-elevation watersheds were 5-8 times more sensitive to variation in summer air temperature compared to streams draining steeper topography whose flows were dominated by snowmelt. This effect was more pronounced across the landscape in early summer and less distinct in late summer. Thus, the impact of climate warming on freshwater thermal regimes will be spatially heterogeneous across river basins as controlled by geomorphic features. However, thermal heterogeneity may be lost with reduced snowpack and increased ratios of rain to snow in stream discharge. C1 [Lisi, Peter J.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Cline, Timothy J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lisi, Peter J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Scheuerell, Mark D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Walsh, Patrick B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Togiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham, AK USA. RP Lisi, PJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pjlisi@wisc.edu RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 FU Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF FX We thank the members of the UW-Alaska Salmon Program for their help with field work, particularly J. Carter and K. Bentley. Wood-Tikchik State Park staff, Togiak Refuge, and volunteers were also instrumental in collecting samples: B. Berkhahn, A. Eskelin, S. Lowe, D. Devotta, M. Hink, A. Peterson, S. Clark, and G. Shephard. Funding was provided through the Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative. We thank J. Reynolds for his feedback on study design and interpretation. Additional funding was provided by grants to the UW-ASP from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the National Science Foundation (NSF). P.J.L. and T.J.C. were supported by NSF predoctoral fellowships. Water isotopes data were deposited in the Global Network of Isotopes in Rivers and Precipitation (www.IAEA.org). Temperature locations and contacts for data retrieval can be acquired through the Alaska Online Aquatic Temperature Site http://aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu/aquatic-ecology/akoats/. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 9 BP 3380 EP 3388 DI 10.1002/2015GL064083 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CK0EM UT WOS:000355878300040 ER PT J AU Jandegian, CM Deem, SL Bhandari, RK Holliday, CM Nicks, D Rosenfeld, CS Selcer, KW Tillitt, DE vom Saal, FS Velez-Rivera, V Yang, Y Holliday, DK AF Jandegian, Caitlin M. Deem, Sharon L. Bhandari, Ramji K. Holliday, Casey M. Nicks, Diane Rosenfeld, Cheryl S. Selcer, Kyle W. Tillitt, Donald E. vom Saal, Frederick S. Velez-Rivera, Vanessa Yang, Ying Holliday, Dawn K. TI Developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) alters sexual differentiation in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disrupting chemical; Feminization; SOX9; beta-Catenin; Vitellogenin; Aquatic reptile ID EARED SLIDER TURTLE; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; PLASMA VITELLOGENIN; TRACHEMYS-SCRIPTA; TEMPERATURE; REPTILES; ESTROGENS; BIOMARKER; REVERSAL AB Environmental chemicals can disrupt endocrine signaling and adversely impact sexual differentiation in wildlife. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic chemical commonly found in a variety of habitats. In this study, we used painted turtles (Chrysemys picta), which have temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), as an animal model for ontogenetic endocrine disruption by BPA. We hypothesized that BPA would override TSD and disrupt sexual development. We incubated farm-raised turtle eggs at the male-producing temperature (26 degrees C), randomly assigned individuals to treatment groups: control, vehicle control, 17 beta-estradiol (E2, 20 ng/g-egg) or 0.01, 1.0, 100 mu g BPA/g-egg and harvested tissues at hatch. Typical female gonads were present in 89% of the E2-treated "males", but in none of the control males (n = 35). Gonads of BPA-exposed turtles had varying amounts of ovarian-like cortical (OLC) tissue and disorganized testicular tubules in the medulla. Although the percentage of males with OLCs increased with BPA dose (SPA-low = 30%, BPA-medium = 33%, BPA-high = 39%), this difference was not significant (p = 0.85). In all three BPA treatments, SOX9 patterns revealed disorganized medullary testicular tubules and beta-catenin expression in a thickened cortex. Liver vitellogenin, a female-specific liver protein commonly used as an exposure biomarker, was not induced by any of the treatments. Notably, these results suggest that developmental exposure to BPA disrupts sexual differentiation in painted turtles. Further examination is necessary to determine the underlying mechanisms of sex reversal in reptiles and how these translate to EDC exposure in wild populations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jandegian, Caitlin M.; Deem, Sharon L.] St Louis Zoo Inst Conservat Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Jandegian, Caitlin M.; Bhandari, Ramji K.; Nicks, Diane; Tillitt, Donald E.; Velez-Rivera, Vanessa] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Jandegian, Caitlin M.; Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.; Yang, Ying] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Deem, Sharon L.] Univ Missouri, Vet Med & Surg, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Bhandari, Ramji K.; Tillitt, Donald E.; vom Saal, Frederick S.] Univ Missouri, Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Holliday, Casey M.; Holliday, Dawn K.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Pathol & Anat Sci, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.] Univ Missouri, Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.] Univ Missouri, Genet Area Program, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Selcer, Kyle W.] Duquesne Univ, Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. [Holliday, Dawn K.] Westminster Coll, Biol & Environm Sci, Fulton, MO 65251 USA. RP Holliday, DK (reprint author), Westminster Coll, Biol & Environm Sci, 501 Westminster Ave, Fulton, MO 65251 USA. EM cmjkwd@missouri.edu; deem@stlzoo.org; Bhandarir@missouri.edu; Hollidayca@missouri.edu; dnicks@usgs.gov; RosenfeldC@missouri.edu; selcer@duq.edu; dtillitt@usgs.gov; vomsaalf@missouri.edu; vvelez@usgs.gov; yangyin@missouri.edu; dawn.holliday@westminster-mo.edu RI Selcer, Kyle/J-8365-2015; OI Selcer, Kyle/0000-0002-9054-2457; Holliday, Casey/0000-0001-8210-8434 FU University of Missouri Mizzou Advantage Program; Bond Life Sciences Center; Office of Research; Biology Department; USGS Contaminant Biology Program, Environmental Health Mission Area FX This project was supported by funds provided by the University of Missouri Mizzou Advantage Program, Bond Life Sciences Center, Office of Research, and Biology Department. Additional support was provided by the USGS Contaminant Biology Program, Environmental Health Mission Area. We also thank the University of Missouri Cytology Core for use of their equipment during early troubleshooting and imaging. Technical support was provided by Jamie Palmer from the Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine and Doug Hardesty from the USGS. Thank you to Katie Tuchschmidt Tillitt, Lindsey Manshack, Jim Zajicek and Julia Taylor for help with various aspects of this project. This manuscript was improved from helpful comments provided by Bethany Kunz, USGS internal reviewer, and an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 14 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 15 PY 2015 VL 216 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.04.003 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CK3KO UT WOS:000356115200009 PM 25863134 ER PT J AU Wells-Berlin, AM Perry, MC Kohn, RA Paynter, KT Ottinger, MA AF Wells-Berlin, Alicia M. Perry, Matthew C. Kohn, Richard A. Paynter, Kennedy T., Jr. Ottinger, Mary Ann TI Composition, Shell Strength, and Metabolizable Energy of Mulinia lateralis and Ischadium recurvum as Food for Wintering Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; SIZE SELECTION; COMMON EIDERS; BLUE MUSSELS; AYTHYA-FULIGULA; BLACK DUCKS; NUTRIENT; HABITAT AB Decline in surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) waterfowl populations wintering in the Chesapeake Bay has been associated with changes in the availability of benthic bivalves. The Bay has become more eutrophic, causing changes in the benthos available to surf scoters. The subsequent decline in oyster beds (Crassostrea virginica) has reduced the hard substrate needed by the hooked mussel (Ischadium recurvum), one of the primary prey items for surf scoters, causing the surf scoter to switch to a more opportune species, the dwarf surfclam (Mulinia lateralis). The composition (macronutrients, minerals, and amino acids), shell strength (N), and metabolizable energy (kJ) of these prey items were quantified to determine the relative foraging values for wintering scoters. Pooled samples of each prey item were analyzed to determine composition. Shell strength (N) was measured using a shell crack compression test. Total collection digestibility trials were conducted on eight captive surf scoters. For the prey size range commonly consumed by surf scoters (6-12 mm for M. lateralis and 18-24 mm for I. recurvum), I. recurvum contained higher ash, protein, lipid, and energy per individual organism than M. lateralis. I. recurvum required significantly greater force to crack the shell relative to M. lateralis. No difference in metabolized energy was observed for these prey items in wintering surf scoters, despite I. recurvum's higher ash content and harder shell than M. lateralis. Therefore, wintering surf scoters were able to obtain the same amount of energy from each prey item, implying that they can sustain themselves if forced to switch prey. C1 [Wells-Berlin, Alicia M.; Perry, Matthew C.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kohn, Richard A.; Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Paynter, Kennedy T., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Marine & Estuarine Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wells-Berlin, AM (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aberlin@usgs.gov OI Chiaradia, Andre/0000-0002-6178-4211 FU USGS Chesapeake Bay Program; Seaduck Joint Venture; Friends of Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX The USGS Chesapeake Bay Program, Seaduck Joint Venture, and Friends of Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and Research Refuge provided the financial support for this project. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of manuscript. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 15 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 5 AR e0119839 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0119839 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CI7AU UT WOS:000354916100002 PM 25978636 ER PT J AU Nair, S Geilmann, H Coplen, TB Qi, HP Gehre, M Schimmelmann, A Brand, WA AF Nair, Sreejesh Geilmann, Heike Coplen, Tyler B. Qi, Haiping Gehre, Matthias Schimmelmann, Arndt Brand, Willi A. TI Isotopic disproportionation during hydrogen isotopic analysis of nitrogen-bearing organic compounds SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; ONLINE DETERMINATION; STABLE HYDROGEN; WATER SAMPLES; CONVERSION; DELTA-O-18; CHROMIUM; IMPROVEMENTS; CALIBRATION AB RATIONALE: High-precision hydrogen isotope ratio analysis of nitrogen-bearing organic materials using high-temperature conversion (HTC) techniques has proven troublesome in the past. Formation of reaction products other than molecular hydrogen (H-2) has been suspected as a possible cause of incomplete H-2 yield and hydrogen isotopic fractionation. METHODS: The classical HTC reactor setup and a modified version including elemental chromium, both operated at temperatures in excess of 1400 degrees C, have been compared using a selection of nitrogen-bearing organic compounds, including caffeine. A focus of the experiments was to avoid or suppress hydrogen cyanide (HCN) formation and to reach quantitative H-2 yields. The technique also was optimized to provide acceptable sample throughput. RESULTS: The classical HTC reaction of a number of selected compounds exhibited H-2 yields from 60 to 90 %. Yields close to 100 % were measured for the experiments with the chromium-enhanced reactor. The delta H-2 values also were substantially different between the two types of experiments. For the majority of the compounds studied, a highly significant relationship was observed between the amount of missing H-2 and the number of nitrogen atoms in the molecules, suggesting the pyrolytic formation of HCN as a byproduct. A similar linear relationship was found between the amount of missing H-2 and the observed hydrogen isotopic result, reflecting isotopic fractionation. CONCLUSIONS: The classical HTC technique to produce H-2 from organic materials using high temperatures in the presence of glassy carbon is not suitable for nitrogen-bearing compounds. Adding chromium to the reaction zone improves the yield to 100 % in most cases. The initial formation of HCN is accompanied by a strong hydrogen isotope effect, with the observed hydrogen isotope results on H-2 being substantially shifted to more negative delta H-2 values. The reaction can be understood as an initial disproportionation leading to H-2 and HCN with the HCN-hydrogen systematically enriched in H-2 by more than 50 %. In the reaction of HCN with chromium, H-2 and chromium-containing solid residues are formed quantitatively. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nair, Sreejesh; Geilmann, Heike; Brand, Willi A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Coplen, Tyler B.; Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Gehre, Matthias] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Schimmelmann, Arndt] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Brand, WA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM wbrand@bgc-jena.mpg.de FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1052927] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions and encouraging comments. Furthermore, Kinga Revesz (U.S. Geological Survey) provided a valuable review, which helped to improve the final document. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. A.S. acknowledges partial funding from grant EAR-1052927 from the U.S. National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 9 BP 878 EP 884 DI 10.1002/rcm.7174 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CI2HB UT WOS:000354565400012 PM 26377016 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Leonard, GJ Platz, T Tanaka, KL Kargel, JS Fairen, AG Gulick, V Baker, VR Glines, N Miyamoto, H Yan, JG Oguma, M AF Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. Leonard, Gregory J. Platz, Thomas Tanaka, Kenneth L. Kargel, Jeffrey S. Fairen, Alberto G. Gulick, Virginia Baker, Victor R. Glines, Natalie Miyamoto, Hideaki Yan Jianguo Oguma, Midori TI New insights into the Late Amazonian zonal shrinkage of the Martian south polar plateau (vol 248, pg 407, 2015) SO ICARUS LA English DT Correction C1 [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Gulick, Virginia; Glines, Natalie] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Platz, Thomas] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Leonard, Gregory J.; Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Platz, Thomas] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fairen, Alberto G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gulick, Virginia] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Miyamoto, Hideaki; Oguma, Midori] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Yan Jianguo] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM alexis@psi.edu RI Platz, Thomas/F-7539-2013; Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008 OI Platz, Thomas/0000-0002-1253-2034; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 15 PY 2015 VL 252 BP 228 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.01.009 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CE8TW UT WOS:000352118000018 ER PT J AU Ding, N Bray, VJ McEwen, AS Mattson, SS Okubo, CH Chojnacki, M Tornabenede, LL AF Ding, Ning Bray, Veronica J. McEwen, Alfred S. Mattson, Sarah S. Okubo, Chris H. Chojnacki, Matthew Tornabenede, Livio L. TI The central uplift of Ritchey crater, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Mars, interior; Impact processes; Tectonics ID VALLES MARINERIS; IMPACT CRATERS; HISTORY; SUBSURFACE; ORIGIN; CRUST; PHYLLOSILICATES; STRATIGRAPHY; EMPLACEMENT; DIVERSITY AB Ritchey crater is a similar to 79 km diameter complex crater near the boundary between Hesperian ridged plains and Noachian highland terrain on Mars (28.8 degrees S, 309.0 degrees E) that formed after the Noachian. High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images of the central peak reveal fractured massive bedrock and megabreccia with large clasts. Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) spectral analysis reveals low calcium pyroxene (LCP), olivine (OL), hydrated silicates (phyllosilicates) and a possible identification of plagioclase bedrock. We mapped the Ritchey crater central uplift into ten units, with 4 main groups from oldest and originally deepest to youngest: (1) megabreccia with large clasts rich in LCP and OL, and with alteration to phyllosilicates; (2) massive bedrock with bright and dark regions rich in LCP or OL, respectively; (3) LCP and OL-rich impactites draped over the central uplift; and (4) aeolian deposits. We interpret the primitive martian crust as igneous rocks rich in LCP, OL, and probably plagioclase, as previously observed in eastern Valles Marineris. We do not observe high-calcium pyroxene (HCP) rich bedrock as seen in Argyre or western Valles Marineris. The association of phyllosilicates with deep megabreccia could be from impact-induced alteration, either as a result of the Richey impact, or alteration of pre-existing impactites from Argyre basin and other large impacts that preceded the Ritchey impact, or both. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ding, Ning] China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Ding, Ning; Bray, Veronica J.; McEwen, Alfred S.; Mattson, Sarah S.; Chojnacki, Matthew] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Tornabenede, Livio L.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Tornabenede, Livio L.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Ding, N (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. RI Chojnacki, Matthew/A-4245-2013 OI Chojnacki, Matthew/0000-0001-8497-8994 NR 93 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 15 PY 2015 VL 252 BP 255 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.11.001 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CE8TW UT WOS:000352118000021 ER PT J AU Karacan, CO Olea, RA AF Karacan, C. Oezgen Olea, Ricardo A. TI Stochastic reservoir simulation for the modeling of uncertainty in coal seam degasification SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Coal seam gas; History matching; Geostatistics; Sequential simulation; Realization; Mean square error ID ILLINOIS BASIN; METHANE; ALABAMA; USA AB Coal seam degasification improves coal mine safety by reducing the gas content of coal seams and also by generating added value as an energy source. Coal seam reservoir simulation is one of the most effective ways to help with these two main objectives. As in all modeling and simulation studies, how the reservoir is defined and whether observed productions can be predicted are important considerations. Using geostatistical realizations as spatial maps of different coal reservoir properties is a more realistic approach than assuming uniform properties across the field. In fact, this approach can help with simultaneous history matching of multiple wellbores to enhance the confidence in spatial models of different coal properties that are pertinent to degasification. The problem that still remains is the uncertainty in geostatistical simulations originating from the partial sampling of the seam that does not properly reflect the stochastic nature of coal property realizations. Stochastic simulations and using individual realizations, rather than E-type, make evaluation of uncertainty possible. This work is an advancement over Karacan et al. (2014) in the sense of assessing uncertainty that stems from geostatistical maps. In this work, we batched 100 individual realizations of 10 coal properties that were randomly generated to create 100 bundles and used them in 100 separate coal seam reservoir simulations for simultaneous history matching. We then evaluated the history matching errors for each bundle and defined the single set of realizations that would minimize the error for all wells. We further compared the errors with those of E-type and the average realization of the best matches. Unlike in Karacan et al. (2014), which used E-type maps and average of quantile maps, using these 100 bundles created 100 different history match results from separate simulations, and distributions of results for in-place gas quantity, for example, from which uncertainty in coal property realizations could be evaluated. The study helped to determine the realization bundle that consisted of the spatial maps of coal properties, which resulted in minimum error. In addition, it was shown that both E-type and the average of realizations that gave the best match for invidual approximated the same properties resonably. Moreover, the determined realization bundle showed that the study field initially had 151.5 million m(3) (cubic meter) of gas and 1.04 million m(3) water in the coal, corresponding to Q90 of the entire range of probability for gas and close to Q75 for water. In 2013, in-place fluid amounts decreased to 138.9 million m(3) and 0.997 million m(3) for gas and water, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Karacan, C. Oezgen] NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Olea, Ricardo A.] USGS, Eastern Energy Resources, Reston, VA USA. RP Karacan, CO (reprint author), NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM cok6@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAY 15 PY 2015 VL 148 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.046 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CB9YV UT WOS:000349991700011 ER PT J AU Hultman, J Waldrop, MP Mackelprang, R David, MM McFarland, J Blazewicz, SJ Harden, J Turetsky, MR McGuire, AD Shah, MB VerBerkmoes, NC Lee, LH Mavrommatis, K Jansson, JK AF Hultman, Jenni Waldrop, Mark P. Mackelprang, Rachel David, Maude M. McFarland, Jack Blazewicz, Steven J. Harden, Jennifer Turetsky, Merritt R. McGuire, A. David Shah, Manesh B. VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. Lee, Lang Ho Mavrommatis, Kostas Jansson, Janet K. TI Multi-omics of permafrost, active layer and thermokarst bog soil microbiomes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID THAW; BACTERIAL; CLIMATE; CARBON AB Over 20% of Earth's terrestrial surface is underlain by permafrost with vast stores of carbon that, once thawed, may represent the largest future transfer of carbon from the biosphere to the atmosphere(1). This process is largely dependent on microbial responses, but we know little about microbial activity in intact, let alone in thawing, permafrost. Molecular approaches have recently revealed the identities and functional gene composition of microorganismsin some permafrost soils(2-4) and a rapid shift in functional gene composition during short-term thaw experiments(3). However, the fate of permafrost carbon depends on climatic, hydrological and microbial responses to thaw at decadal scales(5,6). Here we use the combination of several molecular 'omics' approaches to determine the phylogenetic composition of the microbial communities, including several draft genomes of novel species, their functional potential and activity in soils representing different states of thaw: intact permafrost, seasonally thawed active layer and thermokarst bog. The multi-omics strategy reveals a good correlation of process rates to omics data for dominant processes, such as methanogenesis in the bog, as well as novel survival strategies for potentially active microbes in permafrost. C1 [Hultman, Jenni; David, Maude M.; Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Waldrop, Mark P.; McFarland, Jack; Blazewicz, Steven J.; Harden, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mackelprang, Rachel] Calif State Univ Northridge, Biol Dept, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Mackelprang, Rachel; Mavrommatis, Kostas; Jansson, Janet K.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Shah, Manesh B.; VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lee, Lang Ho] Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lee, Lang Ho] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Permafrost Res CENPERM, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Jansson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM janet.jansson@pnnl.gov RI Hultman, Jenni/K-1990-2015; OI Hultman, Jenni/0000-0002-3431-1785; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental [JGI CSP - 152]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) grant [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Danish National Research Foundation [CENPERM DNRF100]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program - National Science Foundation [DEB 1026415]; US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV112619320-16]; US Geological Survey Climate RD Program; Alaska Climate Science Center; Academy of Finland [135669] FX We thank R. Hettich and the Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for access to mass spectrometry instrumentation. M. Haw, K. Li, K. Chavarria and R. Lamendella are acknowledged for help with pre-processing frozen samples. We thank K. Billis for help with RNA sequence preprocessing. This work was partly supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division, of the US Department of Energy, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science-Scientific Focus Area (TES-SFA), through a Community Sequencing Project at the DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI CSP - 152) and by a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) grant, all under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC05-76RL01830; and by the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100). The work conducted by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additional funding and considerable logistic support were provided by the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program, which is jointly funded by National Science Foundation (DEB 1026415) and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW01-JV112619320-16). Support was also received from the US Geological Survey Climate R&D Program and Alaska Climate Science Center. J.Hu. was supported by Academy of Finland grant number 135669. NR 30 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 41 U2 159 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 14 PY 2015 VL 521 IS 7551 BP 208 EP + DI 10.1038/nature14238 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH9SY UT WOS:000354377800056 PM 25739499 ER PT J AU Sime-Ngando, T Lafferty, KD Biron, DG AF Sime-Ngando, Telesphore Lafferty, Kevin D. Biron, David G. TI Roles and mechanisms of parasitism in aquatic microbial communities SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE parasitism; hyperparasitism; ecology; food web dynamics; microbial communities C1 [Sime-Ngando, Telesphore; Biron, David G.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Univ Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Sime-Ngando, Telesphore; Biron, David G.] CNRS, Lab Microorganismes Genome & Environm, Aubiere, France. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Sime-Ngando, T (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, Univ Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France. EM telesphore.sime-ngando@univ-bpclermont.fr RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD MAY 12 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 446 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00446 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CJ8DM UT WOS:000355729900001 PM 26029187 ER PT J AU Garner, KL Chang, MY Fulda, MT Berlin, JA Freed, RE Soo-Hoo, MM Revell, DL Ikegami, M Flint, LE Flint, AL Kendall, BE AF Garner, Kendra L. Chang, Michelle Y. Fulda, Matthew T. Berlin, Jonathan A. Freed, Rachel E. Soo-Hoo, Melissa M. Revell, Dave L. Ikegami, Makihiko Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. Kendall, Bruce E. TI Impacts of sea level rise and climate change on coastal plant species in the central California coast SO PEERJ LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTION MODELING METHODS; GLOBAL CHANGE; RARE PLANTS; MIGRATION; FUTURE; SCALES; BIODIVERSITY; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTORS; AUSTRALIA AB Local increases in sea level caused by global climate change pose a significant threat to the persistence of many coastal plant species through exacerbating inundation, flooding, and erosion. In addition to sea level rise (SLR), climate changes in the form of air temperature and precipitation regimes will also alter habitats of coastal plant species. Although numerous studies have analyzed the effect of climate change on future habitats through species distribution models (SDMs), none have incorporated the threat of exposure to SLR. We developed a model that quantified the effect of both SLR and climate change on habitat for 88 rare coastal plant species in San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties, California, USA (an area of 23,948 km(2)). Our SLR model projects that by the year 2100, 60 of the 88 species will be threatened by SLR. We found that the probability of being threatened by SLR strongly correlates with a species' area, elevation, and distance from the coast, and that 10 species could lose their entire current habitat in the study region. We modeled the habitat suitability of these 10 species under future climate using a species distribution model (SDM). Our SDM projects that 4 of the 10 species will lose all suitable current habitats in the region as a result of climate change. While SLR accounts for up to 9.2 km(2) loss in habitat, climate change accounts for habitat suitability changes ranging from a loss of 1,439 km(2) for one species to a gain of 9,795 km(2) for another species. For three species, SLR is projected to reduce future suitable area by as much as 28% of total area. This suggests that while SLR poses a higher risk, climate changes in precipitation and air temperature represents a lesser known but potentially larger risk and a small cumulative effect from both. C1 [Garner, Kendra L.; Chang, Michelle Y.; Fulda, Matthew T.; Berlin, Jonathan A.; Freed, Rachel E.; Soo-Hoo, Melissa M.; Ikegami, Makihiko; Kendall, Bruce E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Revell, Dave L.] Revell Coastal LLC, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Garner, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kegarner@bren.ucsb.edu RI Kendall, Bruce/C-1871-2008; OI Kendall, Bruce/0000-0003-1782-8106; Chang, Michelle Yvonne/0000-0002-7397-6886 NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 41 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD MAY 12 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e958 DI 10.7717/peerj.958 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH9YE UT WOS:000354391800009 PM 26020011 ER PT J AU Jokiel, PL Rodgers, KS Brown, EK Kenyon, JC Aeby, G Smith, WR Farrell, F AF Jokiel, Paul L. Rodgers, Ku'ulei S. Brown, Eric K. Kenyon, Jean C. Aeby, Greta Smith, William R. Farrell, Fred TI Comparison of methods used to estimate coral cover in the Hawaiian Islands SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Coral reefs; Coral cover; Methods comparison; Hawaii ID HERMATYPIC CORALS; REEF CORALS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; POINT AB Nine coral survey methods were compared at ten sites in various reef habitats with different levels of coral cover in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Mean estimated coverage at the different sites ranged from less than 10% cover to greater than 90% cover. The methods evaluated include line transects, various visual and photographic belt transects, video transects and visual estimates. At each site 25 m transect lines were laid out and secured. Observers skilled in each method measured coral cover at each site. The time required to run each transect, time required to process data and time to record the results were documented. Cost of hardware and software for each method was also tabulated. Results of this investigation indicate that all of the methods used provide a good first estimate of coral cover on a reef. However, there were differences between the methods in detecting the number of coral species. For example, the classic "quadrat" method allows close examination of small and cryptic coral species that are not detected by other methods such as the "towboard" surveys. The time, effort and cost involved with each method varied widely, and the suitability of each method for answering particular research questions in various environments was evaluated. Results of this study support the finding of three other comparison method studies conducted at various geographic locations throughout the world. Thus, coral cover measured by different methods can be legitimately combined or compared in many situations. The success of a recent modeling effort based on coral cover data consisting of observations taken in Hawaii using the different methods supports this conclusion. C1 [Jokiel, Paul L.; Rodgers, Ku'ulei S.; Aeby, Greta; Smith, William R.; Farrell, Fred] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment & Monitoring Program, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Brown, Eric K.] Kalaupapa Natl Hist Pk, Kalaupapa, HI USA. [Kenyon, Jean C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Refuges & Monuments Off, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Rodgers, KS (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment & Monitoring Program, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM kuuleir@hawaii.edu FU DOI; NOAA [NA170A1489]; National Ocean Service MOA [2005-008/6882, 001]; NWHI Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve; HIMB; SOEST; UH Manoa; NOAA-NMFS-Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) FX This research was conducted under DOI, NOAA, National Ocean Service MOA 2005-008/6882 Amendment No. 001, "Research in Support of the NWHI Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve, HIMB, SOEST, UH Manoa" (Dr. Jo-Ann Leong, PI). This was work partially supported by NOAA co-operative agreement NOAA/NOS/CCMA NA170A1489 and by NOAA-NMFS-Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) under the direction of Dr. Rusty Brainard. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 22 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD MAY 12 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e954 DI 10.7717/peerj.954 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH9YE UT WOS:000354391800007 PM 26020009 ER PT J AU Elliott, DG McKibben, CL Conway, CM Purcell, MK Chase, DM Applegate, LJ AF Elliott, Diane G. McKibben, Constance L. Conway, Carla M. Purcell, Maureen K. Chase, Dorothy M. Applegate, LynnMarie J. TI Testing of candidate non-lethal sampling methods for detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Bacterial kidney disease; Non-lethal sampling; Renibacterium salmoninarum; Salmonid; Polymerase chain reaction; PCR ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SOLID-PHASE CYTOMETRY; HEMORRHAGIC-SEPTICEMIA-VIRUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON AB Non-lethal pathogen testing can be a useful tool for fish disease research and management. Our research objectives were to determine if (1) fin clips, gill snips, surface mucus scrapings, blood draws, or kidney biopsies could be obtained non-lethally from 3 to 15 g Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, (2) non-lethal samples could accurately discriminate between fish exposed to the bacterial kidney disease agent Renibacterium salmoninarum and non-exposed fish, and (3) non-lethal samples could serve as proxies for lethal kidney samples to assess infection intensity. Blood draws and kidney biopsies caused >= 5% post-sampling mortality (Objective 1) and may be appropriate only for larger fish, but the other sample types were non-lethal. Sampling was performed over 21 wk following R. salmoninarum immersion challenge of fish from 2 stocks (Objectives 2 and 3), and nested PCR (nPCR) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) results from candidate non-lethal samples were compared with kidney tissue analysis by nPCR, qPCR, bacteriological culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and histopathology/immunohistochemistry. R. salmoninarum was detected by PCR in >50% of fin, gill, and mucus samples from challenged fish. Mucus qPCR was the only non-lethal assay exhibiting both diagnostic sensitivity and specificity estimates >90% for distinguishing between R. salmoninarum-exposed and non-exposed fish and was the best candidate for use as an alternative to lethal kidney sample testing. Mucus qPCR R. salmoninarum quantity estimates reflected changes in kidney bacterial load estimates, as evidenced by significant positive correlations with kidney R. salmoninarum infection intensity scores at all sample times and in both fish stocks, and were not significantly impacted by environmental R. salmoninarum concentrations. C1 [Elliott, Diane G.; McKibben, Constance L.; Conway, Carla M.; Purcell, Maureen K.; Chase, Dorothy M.; Applegate, LynnMarie J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Elliott, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 Northeast 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dgelliott@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2006.835]; US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (Project 2006.835) and by the US Geological Survey. We acknowledge Taylor Alton, Sacha Mosterd, James Woodson, Samantha Badil, Rachel Thompson, and Christine Nguyen for assistance with laboratory studies and data collection, analysis, and interpretation, and James Winton for a critical review of the manuscript. We thank Susan Marcquenski (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources [DNR]) for advice on various aspects of this research and for assistance with obtaining Chinook salmon eggs for this study. We also thank the Wisconsin DNR Northwest Region Hatchery and Operations crew, Kettle Moraine Springs Hatchery personnel, Wild Rose Hatchery personnel, the Wisconsin DNR Central Office Fish Health Expeditionary Force, and personnel at the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Soos Creek Hatchery for assistance in obtaining the eggs and adult fish samples for Renibacterium salmoninarum testing. The mention of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Geological Survey or the Department of the Interior of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 110 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 11 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 1 BP 21 EP 43 DI 10.3354/dao02846 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CJ0FB UT WOS:000355149700003 PM 25958804 ER PT J AU Duncan, C Gill, VA Worman, K Burek-Huntington, K Pabilonia, KL Johnson, S Fitzpatrick, KA Weller, C Kersh, GJ AF Duncan, Colleen Gill, Verena A. Worman, Kristin Burek-Huntington, Kathy Pabilonia, Kristy L. Johnson, Sam Fitzpatrick, Kelly A. Weller, Christina Kersh, Gilbert J. TI Coxiella burnetii exposure in northern sea otters Enhydra lutris kenyoni SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Northern sea otters; Enhydra lutris kenyoni; Coxiella burnetii ID LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; PRIMARY Q-FEVER; ST-PAUL ISLAND; ENDOCARDITIS; INFECTION; ALASKA; POPULATION; NEREIS AB Valvular endocarditis has been well described in northern sea otters Enhydra lutris kenyoni of Alaska and in many cases no cause has been identified. It is also one of the most common conditions observed in people with chronic Coxiella burnetii infection. Given the high levels of C. burnetii exposure in marine mammals distributed throughout the same geographic range as the northern sea otter, and the presence of valvular lesions seen in otters, the objective of this study was to determine the level of C. burnetii exposure in otters and investigate any association between exposure, infection and valvular disease in this species. Archived serum from 75 live captured, apparently healthy otters (25 from each of 3 stocks) and 30 dead otters were tested for C. burnetii antibodies by indirect florescent antibody assay (IFA). Archived bone marrow and heart valves were tested for C. burnetii DNA by real-time PCR (qPCR). Overall, the seroprevalence in live otters was 17%, with significantly more exposed animals in the south central (40%) stock relative to the southwest (8%) and southeast (4%). The seroprevalence of animals sampled post mortem was 27%, although none of the bone marrow or heart valve samples were positive by qPCR. Results of this study failed to demonstrate a significant association between C. burnetii infection and valvular endocarditis in sea otters; however, the differing seroprevalence suggests that exposure opportunities vary geographically. C1 [Duncan, Colleen; Pabilonia, Kristy L.; Johnson, Sam; Weller, Christina] Colorado State Univ, Diagnost Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] Bur Ocean Energy Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Gill, Verena A.; Worman, Kristin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Burek-Huntington, Kathy] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Kelly A.; Kersh, Gilbert J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Duncan, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Diagnost Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 300 West Drake Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM colleen.duncan@colostate.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [525] FX This project was supported by funding from the North Pacific Research Board (publication no. 525). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish & Wildlife Service. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 11 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.3354/dao02857 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CJ0FB UT WOS:000355149700008 PM 25958809 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT AF Chesser, R. Terry TI A further note on the scientific name of Bullocks' Oriole SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chessert@si.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 11 PY 2015 VL 3956 IS 3 BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CI8BO UT WOS:000354992700009 PM 26248930 ER PT J AU Scherer, RD Doll, AC Rea, LD Christ, AM Stricker, CA Witteveen, B Kline, TC Kurle, CM Wunder, MB AF Scherer, Rick D. Doll, Andrew C. Rea, Lorrie D. Christ, Aaron M. Stricker, Craig A. Witteveen, Briana Kline, Thomas C. Kurle, Carolyn M. Wunder, Michael B. TI Stable isotope values in pup vibrissae reveal geographic variation in diets of gestating Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Vibrissae; Steller sea lion; Carbon; Nitrogen; Mixing model; Diet composition ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; POPULATION DECLINE; ALASKA; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; CARBON; PREY; RECOVERY; FRACTIONATION AB Multiple factors, including limitation in food resources, have been proposed as possible causes for the lack of recovery of the endangered western segment of the Steller sea lion population in the United States. Because maternal body condition has important consequences on fetal development and neonatal survival, the diets of pregnant females may be particularly important in regulating population sizes. We used the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of vibrissae from Steller sea lion pups as an indirect indicator of maternal diets during gestation. Combining these data with isotope data from potential prey species in a Bayesian mixing model, we generated proportional estimates of dietary consumption for key prey. Our analysis indicated that females in the most westerly metapopulations relied heavily on Atka mackerel and squid, whereas females inhabiting the Gulf of Alaska region had a fairly mixed diet, and the metapopulation of Southeast Alaska showed a strong reliance on forage fish. These results are similar to previous data from scat collections; however, they indicate a possible under-representation of soft-bodied prey (squid) or prey with fragile skeletons (forage fish) from analyses of data from scats. This study supports the utility of stable isotope modeling in predicting diet composition in gestating adult female Steller sea lions during winter, using pup vibrissae. C1 [Scherer, Rick D.; Doll, Andrew C.; Wunder, Michael B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Rea, Lorrie D.; Christ, Aaron M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Rea, Lorrie D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Witteveen, Briana] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Kodiak Seafood & Marine Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Kline, Thomas C.] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. [Kurle, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Ecol Evolut & Behav Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Doll, AC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM acdoll@gmail.com FU State of Alaska; NMML; NOAA Fisheries; ADFG FX We thank the numerous members of our Steller sea lion field collection teams from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML), NOAA and the Alaska SeaLife Center (ASLC), as well as the crews of the vessels who joined in these efforts to sample Steller sea lions throughout Alaska and without whom this research would not have been possible. We also thank J. Castellini, V. Stegall, J. Hayes, K. Kokx, P. Rivera, L. Correa, S. Pierszalowski, G. Johnson and the staff of the Alaska Stable Isotope Laboratory for laboratory and isotope data analysis assistance. Vibrissae sample collection was conducted under MMPA/ESA permits to ADF&G (numbers 965, 358-1564, 358-1769, 358-1888 and 14325), to NMML (782-1447, 7821532, 782-1768, 782-1889, and 14326) and to the ASLC (14324) and under ACUC protocol approvals (ADF& G 03-002, 06-07 and 2010-14R; NMML A/NW 2010-4; ASLC 07001). S. Rossman and 3 anonymous reviewers provided helpful feedback that improved the clarity of the manuscript. This research was funded through the State of Alaska, NMML and through cooperative agreements with NOAA Fisheries and ADF&G. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAY 7 PY 2015 VL 527 BP 261 EP 274 DI 10.3354/meps11255 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CH9ZQ UT WOS:000354395700020 ER PT J AU Liang, JJ Zhou, M Tobin, PC McGuire, AD Reich, PB AF Liang, Jingjing Zhou, Mo Tobin, Patrick C. McGuire, A. David Reich, Peter B. TI Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche-efficiency SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biodiversity loss; marginal productivity; productivity impact index; relative productivity; biological conservation ID ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATE FOREST; DIVERSITY; GROWTH AB The loss of biodiversity is threatening ecosystem productivity and services worldwide, spurring efforts to quantify its effects on the functioning of natural ecosystems. Previous research has focused on the positive role of biodiversity on resource acquisition (i.e., niche complementarity), but a lack of study on resource utilization efficiency, a link between resource and productivity, has rendered it difficult to quantify the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship. Here we demonstrate that biodiversity loss reduces plant productivity, other things held constant, through theory, empirical evidence, and simulations under gradually relaxed assumptions. We developed a theoretical model named niche-efficiency to integrate niche complementarity and a heretofore-ignored mechanism of diminishing marginal productivity in quantifying the effects of biodiversity loss on plant productivity. Based on niche-efficiency, we created a relative productivity metric and a productivity impact index (PII) to assist in biological conservation and resource management. Relative productivity provides a standardized measure of the influence of biodiversity on individual productivity, and PII is a functionally based taxonomic index to assess individual species' inherent value in maintaining current ecosystem productivity. Empirical evidence from the Alaska boreal forest suggests that every 1% reduction in overall plant diversity could render an average of 0.23% decline in individual tree productivity. Out of the 283 plant species of the region, we found that large woody plants generally have greater PII values than other species. This theoretical model would facilitate the integration of biological conservation in the international campaign against several pressing global issues involving energy use, climate change, and poverty. C1 [Liang, Jingjing; Zhou, Mo] W Virginia Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Tobin, Patrick C.] USDA, Northern Res Stn, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. RP Liang, JJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM alpenbering@gmail.com OI Liang, Jingjing/0000-0001-9439-9320 FU Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources & Design, West Virginia University, under the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) McIntire-Stennis Funds [WVA00104, WVA00105]; School of Natural Resources and Extension, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program - National Science Foundation (NSF); USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Cedar Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program - NSF; Wilderness Research Foundation; Institute of the Environment, University of Minnesota FX We thank Professor Emeritus Joseph Buongiorno and Professors Jean-Paul Chavas, Jun Zhu, and James Moseley for their comments on the economic, statistical, and mathematical analysis. We also thank Professor and guest editor Charles Perrings, the anonymous reviewers, and Professor Christa P. H. Mulder for their helpful comments on the entire manuscript. Plant drawings in Fig. 1 are courtesy of Rebekah K. Watson. This study is supported in parts by the Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources & Design, West Virginia University, under the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) McIntire-Stennis Funds WVA00104 and WVA00105; School of Natural Resources and Extension, University of Alaska Fairbanks; the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program funded jointly by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; the Cedar Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program funded by NSF; and the Wilderness Research Foundation and Institute of the Environment, University of Minnesota. This is scientific article no. 3246 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 24 U2 151 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 5 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 18 BP 5738 EP 5743 DI 10.1073/pnas.1409853112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH3TS UT WOS:000353953800060 PM 25901325 ER PT J AU Kistler, WM Gibbs, SEJ Stallknecht, DE Yabsley, MJ AF Kistler, Whitney M. Gibbs, Samantha E. J. Stallknecht, David E. Yabsley, Michael J. TI Wood ducks (Aix sponsa) as potential reservoirs for avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; ATLANTIC FLYWAY; WILD BIRDS; WATERFOWL; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODIES; PATHOGENICITY; PATTERNS; PREVALENCE; OUTBREAK AB Influenza A viruses (IAVs) and avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) are important pathogens of poultry worldwide, and both commonly occur in wild waterfowl, especially ducks in the family Anatidae. Although wood ducks (Aix sponsa) are members of the Anatidae, their behaviour differs from most other species in this family, which could affect the transmission of IAVs and APMVs. We collected cloacal and oropharyngeal swab and blood samples from more than 700 wood ducks across nine states in the eastern United States of America. No IAVs were isolated, and based on blocking enzyme-linked immunoassay ELISA results, antibodies to IAVs were only detected in 0.2% of samples. In contrast, 23 (3%) APMVs were isolated (22 Newcastle disease virus and 1 APMV-6), and antibodies to multiple serotypes of APMVs were detected in more than 60% of the samples. After-hatch-year birds were more likely to be antibody positive for APMV-4 and APMV-6 compared to hatch-year birds. Female birds were more likely to be antibody positive for APMV-4 than were male birds. Our results indicate that wood ducks are probably not an important host for IAV but are frequently infected with APMVs. C1 [Kistler, Whitney M.; Stallknecht, David E.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kistler, Whitney M.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gibbs, Samantha E. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA USA. RP Kistler, WM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM whitney.kistler@gmail.com FU USFWS Avian Health and Disease Program; SCWDS; Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act [50 Stat. 917] FX This research was supported by the USFWS Avian Health and Disease Program with additional support provided by the SCWDS, the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and through sponsorship of SCWDS by member fish and wildlife agencies. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 EI 1465-3338 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD MAY 4 PY 2015 VL 44 IS 3 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1080/03079457.2015.1020757 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CH0QB UT WOS:000353726200004 PM 25695149 ER PT J AU Bruskotter, JT Singh, A Fulton, DC Slagle, K AF Bruskotter, Jeremy T. Singh, Ajay Fulton, David C. Slagle, Kristina TI Assessing Tolerance for Wildlife: Clarifying Relations Between Concepts and Measures SO HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE LA English DT Article DE stewardship; wolves; acceptance; policy; Canis lupus; tolerance; attitudes; behavior ID ACCEPTANCE CAPACITY; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; ATTITUDES; WOLVES; MANAGEMENT; STEWARD; HUNTERS; OBJECTS AB Two parallel lines of inquiry, tolerance for and acceptance of wildlife populations, have arisen in the applied literature on wildlife conservation to assess probability of successfully establishing or increasing populations of controversial species. Neither of these lines is well grounded in social science theory, and diverse measures have been employed to assess tolerance, which inhibits comparability across studies. We empirically tested behavioral measures of tolerance against self-reports of previous policy-relevant behavior and behavioral intentions. Both composite behavioral measures were strongly correlated (r > .70) with two attitudinal measures of tolerance commonly employed in the literature. The strong correlation between attitudinal and behavioral measures suggests existing attitudinal measures represent valid, parsimonious measures of tolerance that may be useful when behavioral measures are too cumbersome or misreporting of behavior is anticipated. Our results demonstrate how behavioral measures of tolerance provide additional, useful information beyond general attitudinal measures. C1 [Bruskotter, Jeremy T.; Singh, Ajay; Slagle, Kristina] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fulton, David C.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Slagle, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM slagle.44@buckeyemail.osu.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1087-1209 EI 1533-158X J9 HUM DIMENS WILDL JI Hum. Dimens. Wildl. PD MAY 4 PY 2015 VL 20 IS 3 BP 255 EP 270 DI 10.1080/10871209.2015.1016387 PG 16 GA CJ6FH UT WOS:000355588700005 ER PT J AU Watkins, CJ Ross, TJ Hardy, RS Quist, MC AF Watkins, Carson J. Ross, Tyler J. Hardy, Ryan S. Quist, Michael C. TI PRECISION OF HARD STRUCTURES USED TO ESTIMATE AGE OF MOUNTAIN WHITEFISH (PROSOPIUM WILLIAMSONI) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PECTORAL FIN RAYS; LAKE WHITEFISH; LIFE-HISTORY; SCALES; OTOLITHS; TROUT; RIVER; GROWTH; IDAHO; VALIDATION AB The mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) is a widely distributed salmonid in western North America that has decreased in abundance over portions of its distribution due to anthropogenic disturbances. In this investigation, we examined precision of age estimates derived from scales, pectoral fin rays, and sagittal otoliths from 167 mountain whitefish. Otoliths and pectoral fin rays were mounted in epoxy and cross-sectioned before examination. Scales were pressed onto acetate slides and resulting impressions were examined. Between-reader precision (i.e., between 2 readers), between-reader variability, and reader confidence ratings were compared among hard structures. Coefficient of variation (CV) in age estimates was lowest and percentage of exact agreement (PA-0) was highest for scales (CV = 5.9; PA-0 = 70%) compared to pectoral fin rays (CV = 11.0; PA-0 = 58%) and otoliths (CV = 12.3; PA-0 = 55%). Median confidence ratings were significantly different (P <= 0.05) among all structures, with scales having the highest median confidence. Reader confidence decreased with fish age for scales and pectoral fin rays, but reader confidence increased with fish age for otoliths. In general, age estimates were more precise and reader confidence was higher for scales compared to pectoral fin rays and otoliths. This research will help fisheries biologists in selecting the most appropriate hard structure to use for future age and growth studies on mountain whitefish. In turn, selection of the most precise hard structure will lead to better estimates of dynamic rate functions. C1 [Watkins, Carson J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ross, Tyler J.; Hardy, Ryan S.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Watkins, CJ (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. EM carson.watkins@idfg.idaho.gov FU Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank several University of Idaho technicians for assistance with preparing and processing structures, especially C. Brown, K. Griffin, J. Johnson, and D. Donnelly. Funding for this project was provided by the Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Re search Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAY PY 2015 VL 75 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.3398/064.075.0102 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NO UT WOS:000370893000001 ER PT J AU Fowler, JF Sieg, CH Hedwall, S AF Fowler, James F. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Hedwall, Shaula TI BASELINES TO DETECT POPULATION STABILITY OF THE THREATENED ALPINE PLANT PACKERA FRANCISCANA (ASTERACEAE) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RANGE SHIFTS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; DENSITY; EUROPE AB Population size and density estimates have traditionally been acceptable ways to track species' response to changing environments; however, species' population centroid elevation has recently been an equally important metric. Packera franciscana (Greene) W.A. Weber and A. Love (Asteraceae; San Francisco Peaks ragwort) is a single mountain endemic plant found only in upper treeline and alpine talus habitats of the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona and is listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a Threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. We used 2 recreational trails, which pass through its elevational distribution in the Kachina Peaks Wilderness Area, as sampling transects to estimate population density and distribution because it was not possible to sample further from the trail due to loose volcanic talus and consequent disturbance of P. franciscana plants. Between-year comparisons of ramet density, population centroid elevations, and mid-September flowering or fruiting counts were not significantly different for the Humphrey's Peak Trail in 2010-2011 or the Weatherford Trail from 2009 to 2013. Use of a zero-inflated negative binomial response variable distribution allowed statistical inference for both sampling hits and misses, which gives ecologists and land managers an additional method to monitor changes in distribution and abundance. Population density and elevation of the population centroid estimates for P. franciscana appear to be stable; therefore, the 5-year Weatherford Trail data set may be used as a baseline to track future plant migration on a fine spatiotemporal scale, an approach that could apply to other threatened alpine species. C1 [Fowler, James F.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 South Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hedwall, Shaula] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Fowler, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 South Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM alpineworkshop@gmail.com FU Coconino National Forest; Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest and Woodland Ecoystems Program FX Funding for this research was provided by the Coconino National Forest and the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest and Woodland Ecoystems Program. We thank our field crew members for dedication to this work: Steve Overby, Brian Casavant, Addie Hite, Scott Vojta, and Suzanne Owen. Voucher specimens were collected under U.S. Fish and Wildlife permit TE225821-0 and are deposited in the RMRS Flagstaff Herbarium (ASUF). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAY PY 2015 VL 75 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.3398/064.075.0108 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NO UT WOS:000370893000007 ER PT J AU Clark, DJ Clark, TO Duniway, MC Flagg, C AF Clark, Deborah J. Clark, Thomas O. Duniway, Michael C. Flagg, Cody TI EFFECTS OF UNGULATE DISTURBANCE AND WEATHER VARIATION ON PEDIOCACTUS WINKLERI: INSIGHTS FROM LONG-TERM MONITORING SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GLOBOSE CACTI; DESERT; CACTACEAE; TEHUACAN; MEXICO; CLIMATE; TRENDS; PLANTS; AREAS AB Population dynamics and effects of large ungulate disturbances on Winkler cactus (Pediocactus winkleri K.D. Heil) were documented annually over a 20-year time span at one plot within Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. This cactus species was federally listed as threatened in 1998. The study began in 1995 to gain a better understanding of life history aspects and threats to this species. Data were collected annually in early spring and included diameter, condition, reproductive structures, mortality, recruitment, and disturbance by large ungulates. We used odds ratio and probability model analyses to determine effects of large ungulate trampling and weather on these cacti. During the study, plot population declined by 18%, with trampling of cactus, low precipitation, and cold spring temperatures implicated as causal factors. Precipitation and temperature affected flowering, mortality, and recruitment. Large ungulate disturbances increased mortality and reduced the probability of flowering. These results suggest that large ungulate disturbances and recent climate regimes have had an adverse impact on long-term persistence of this cactus. C1 [Clark, Deborah J.] Natl Pk Serv, Capitol Reef Natl Pk,HC 70,Box 15, Fruita, UT 84775 USA. [Clark, Thomas O.] Natl Pk Serv, Bluff, UT 84512 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.; Flagg, Cody] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Clark, DJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Capitol Reef Natl Pk,HC 70,Box 15, Fruita, UT 84775 USA. EM tomoclark3998@gmail.com OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU National Park Service at Capitol Reef NP; National Park Service; Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program; Capitol Reef Natural History Association; Utah Native Plant Society FX This study could not have been completed without support and cooperation from the National Park Service at Capitol Reef NP. Funding for this study was received from the National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program, Capitol Reef Natural History Association, and Utah Native Plant Society. Our sincere thanks to the many staff members, volunteers, and interns who helped secure funding for the project and assisted with data collection and data entry over the years. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAY PY 2015 VL 75 IS 1 BP 88 EP 101 DI 10.3398/064.075.0110 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NO UT WOS:000370893000009 ER PT J AU Bradley, DC O'Sullivan, P Bradley, LM AF Bradley, Dwight C. O'Sullivan, Paul Bradley, Lauren M. TI DETRITAL ZIRCONS FROM MODERN SANDS IN NEW ENGLAND AND THE TIMING OF NEOPROTEROZOIC TO MESOZOIC MAGMATISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Appalachian orogen; igneous geochronology; detrital zircon geochronology; Recent sediment ID SOUTHEASTERN NEW-ENGLAND; NORTHERN NEW-HAMPSHIRE; FISSION-TRACK ANALYSIS; EASTERN NEW-ENGLAND; SE NEW-ENGLAND; U-PB; AVALON ZONE; MAINE IMPLICATIONS; MASSABESIC GNEISS; CENTRAL ATLANTIC AB We report detrital zircon ages from modern sands from rivers and beaches of New England. Sand samples were collected from the Connecticut, Thames, Pawcatuck, Blackstone, Merrimack, Saco, Presumpscot, and Androscoggin-Kennebec watersheds, and from Cape Cod. About 1200 detrital zircons were analyzed by LAICPMS; 984 of these passed strict filters for concordance. A composite plot of the 984 detrital zircon ages from sands and a new plot of 230 igneous ages from the literature show similar age distributions. On the basis of both datasets, the times of peak magmatism in the New England Appalachians, in round numbers, are at 580-610, 440-450, 420, 405, 370-380, 180-200, and 125 Ma. Most zircons from individual watersheds can be attributed to dated igneous rocks in the same watershed. A few zircons are probably exotic and can be interpreted as having been transported into the sampled watershed by ice, and a handful of other zircons likely represent undated plutons within the sampled watershed. The correspondence between the detrital and igneous datasets underscores the proxy value of detrital zircons from river sands in regional geologic reconnaissance-even in glaciated regions. Most detrital zircons from the modern passive margin of New England are Phanerozoic in age, reflecting various Appalachian sources; the age distribution of zircons older than 700 Ma closely resembles the age distribution of detrital zircons from the next-older passive margin that flanked this part of Laurentia after the breakup of Rodinia, that is, the Cambrian passive margin of the Appalachians. C1 [Bradley, Dwight C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [O'Sullivan, Paul] Apatite Zircon Inc, Viola, ID 83872 USA. [Bradley, Lauren M.] Mirror Lake Middle Sch, Chugiak, AK 99567 USA. RP Bradley, DC (reprint author), 11 Cold Brook Rd, Randolph, NH 03593 USA. EM dbradley@usgs.gov OI O'Sullivan, Paul/0000-0002-7247-5107 NR 104 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 315 IS 5 BP 460 EP 485 DI 10.2475/05.2015.03 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DA8ID UT WOS:000368047400003 ER PT J AU Stanislawski, LV Falgout, J Buttenfield, BP AF Stanislawski, Lawrence V. Falgout, Jeff Buttenfield, Barbara P. TI Automated Extraction of Natural Drainage Density Patterns for the Conterminous United States through High-Performance Computing SO CARTOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Cartographic Conference (ICC) CY AUG 23-28, 2015 CL Rio de Janiero, BRAZIL DE elevation-derived streams; drainage density; concurrent processing ID DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; CHANNEL NETWORKS AB Hydrographic networks form an important data foundation for cartographic base mapping and for hydrologic analysis. Drainage density patterns for these networks can be derived to characterize local landscape, bedrock and climate conditions, and further inform hydrological and geomorphological analysis by indicating areas where too few headwater channels are represented. Natural drainage density patterns are not consistently available in existing hydrographical data bases for the United States because compilation and capture criteria historically varied, along with climate, during the period of data collection over the various terrain types throughout the country. This paper demonstrates an automated workflow that is being tested in a high-performance computing environment by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to map natural drainage density patterns at the 1:24,000-scale (24K) for the conterminous United States. Hydrographic network drainage patterns may be extracted from elevation data to guide corrections for existing hydrographic network data. The paper describes three stages in this workflow including data pre-processing, natural channel extraction, and generation of drainage density patterns from extracted channels. The workflow is implemented in parallel fashion by simultaneously executing procedures on multiple subbasin watersheds within the U.S. National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Pre-processing defines parameters needed for the extraction process. Extraction proceeds in standard fashion: filling sinks, developing flow direction and weighted flow accumulation rasters. Drainage channels with assigned Strahler stream order are extracted within a subbasin and simplified. Drainage density patterns are then estimated with 100-m resolution and subsequently smoothed with a low-pass filter. The extraction process is found to be of better quality in higher slope terrains. Concurrent processing through the high-performance computing environment is shown to facilitate and refine the choice of drainage density extraction parameters and more readily improve extraction procedures than conventional processing. C1 [Stanislawski, Lawrence V.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Falgout, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Appl Res Comp, Core Sci Anal Synth & Lib, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Buttenfield, Barbara P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stanislawski, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM lstan@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-7041 EI 1743-2774 J9 CARTOGR J JI Cartogr. J. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1080/00087041.2015.1119466 PG 8 WC Geography SC Geography GA CX4DJ UT WOS:000365648400012 ER PT J AU Jiang, S Zeng, HL Zhang, JC Fishman, N Bai, BJ Xiao, XM Zhang, TW Ellis, G Li, XJ Richards-McClung, B Cai, DS Ma, YS AF Jiang, Shu Zeng, Hongliu Zhang, Jinchuan Fishman, Neil Bai, Baojun Xiao, Xianming Zhang, Tongwei Ellis, Geoffrey Li, Xinjing Richards-McClung, Bryony Cai, Dongsheng Ma, Yongsheng TI Introduction to special section: China shale gas and shale oil plays SO Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jiang, Shu; Richards-McClung, Bryony] Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Zeng, Hongliu; Zhang, Tongwei] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Zhang, Jinchuan] China Univ Geosci, Sch Energy Resources, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Fishman, Neil] Hess Corp, Houston, TX USA. [Bai, Baojun] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO USA. [Xiao, Xianming] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Ellis, Geoffrey] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Li, Xinjing] PetroChina, Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cai, Dongsheng] China Natl Offshore Oil Corp, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ma, Yongsheng] Sinopec, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM sjiang@egi.utah.edu; hongliu.zeng@beg.utexas.edu; zhangjc@cugb.edu.cn; nfishman@hess.com; baib@mst.edu; xmxiao@gig.ac.cn; tongwei.zhang@beg.utexas.edu; gsellis@usgs.gov; xinjingli@petrochina.com.cn; brmcclung@egi.utah.edu; caidsh@cnooc.com.cn; yongshma@126.com OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 2324-8858 EI 2324-8866 J9 INTERPRETATION-J SUB JI Interpretation PD MAY PY 2015 VL 3 IS 2 BP SJI EP SJII DI 10.1190/INT2015-0317-SPSEINTRO.1 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV5BW UT WOS:000364282200004 ER PT J AU Bowser, ML Sikes, DS Morton, JM Meierotto, S AF Bowser, Matthew L. Sikes, Derek S. Morton, John M. Meierotto, Sarah TI A regional DNA barcode library for landscape-scale monitoring of multi-taxa assemblages SO GENOME LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bowser, Matthew L.; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Sikes, Derek S.; Meierotto, Sarah] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM matt_bowser@fws.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 EI 1480-3321 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2015 VL 58 IS 5 BP 199 EP 199 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA CQ8MF UT WOS:000360861200055 ER PT J AU Dawson, NM Bishop, MA Kuletz, KJ Zuur, AF AF Dawson, Neil M. Bishop, Mary A. Kuletz, Kathy J. Zuur, Alain F. TI Using Ships of Opportunity to Assess Winter Habitat Associations of Seabirds in Subarctic Coastal Alaska SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prince William Sound; Brachyramphus marmoratus; Uria aalge; Rissa tridactyla; non-breeding season ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; GUILLEMOT URIA-AALGE; MARBLED MURRELETS; NORTHERN GULF; FORAGE FISHES; MARINE BIRDS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA AB In subarctic waters winter may be the period during which seabirds face the greatest environmental and physiological pressures, yet seabird distribution during this time is poorly understood. Using at-sea surveys conducted in Prince William Sound, Alaska on research 'ships of opportunity' from November 2007 to March 2009, we investigated how seabird abundance and distribution vary within and between winters for three common seabird species with extensive ranges: common murre (Uria aalge), marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), and black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). Due to a large proportion of zeros in the survey data, hurdle models were performed using generalized additive mixed models. Across the two winters, consistent temporal patterns in density and distribution were observed for all species. Common murre and marbled murrelet both increased in number in midwinter, while black-legged kittiwake decreased to very low numbers. Habitat association models revealed that common murre favored relatively protected waters while marbled murrelet favored inside bays and passages (which make up 45% of semi-protected waters) and areas of higher sea surface temperatures. Our results suggest that winter storms influenced seabird distribution, particularly in midwinter when temperatures were lowest and storms more frequent. This influence was greater than variables providing proxies for foraging opportunities, which were absent from selected models. Our study highlights the importance of considering species-specific temporal patterns throughout the non-breeding season to guide marine spatial planning that will fully address seabird conservation issues. C1 [Dawson, Neil M.; Bishop, Mary A.] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Zuur, Alain F.] Highland Stat, Newburgh AB41 6FN, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Zuur, Alain F.] Univ Aberdeen, Oceanlab, Newburgh, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Bishop, MA (reprint author), Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Box 705, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. EM mbishop@pwssc.org FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX We would like to thank Dave Janka who as skipper of the MV Auklet made it possible to survey in PWS in winter. We thank Richard Thorne of Prince William Sound Science Center, as well as John Moran and Jeep Rice of National Marine Fisheries Service and Jan Straley of University of Alaska Sitka for allowing us to share their vessel time. We are also grateful to additional observers Karen Brenneman and Aaron Lang. Jodi Harney of Coastal and Ocean Resources was very helpful in making data available from the recently completed ShoreZone project. Stephanie Waite helped with the GIS mapping and Megan McKinzie with figure preparation. We thank Jessica Stocking and Anne Schaefer for their reviews of the manuscript. Some analyses used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. The research described in this paper was supported by grant from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. The findings and conclusions presented by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 89 IS 2 BP 111 EP 128 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP8CR UT WOS:000360119400001 ER PT J AU Belleveau, LJ Takekawa, JY Woo, I Turner, KL Barham, JB Takekawa, JE Ellings, CS Chin-Leo, G AF Belleveau, Lisa J. Takekawa, John Y. Woo, Isa Turner, Kelley L. Barham, Jesse B. Takekawa, Jean E. Ellings, Christopher S. Chin-Leo, Gerardo TI Vegetation Community Response to Tidal Marsh Restoration of a Large River Estuary SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tidal salt marsh; salinity; elevation; Nisqually River Delta ID SALICORNIA-VIRGINICA L; SPARTINA-FOLIOSA TRIN; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SEA-LEVEL RISE; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; PLANT COMMUNITY; WETLAND RESTORATION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; PHYSICAL FACTORS; SALINITY AB Estuaries are biologically productive and diverse ecosystems that provide ecosystem services including protection of inland areas from flooding, filtering freshwater outflows, and providing habitats for fish and wildlife. Alteration of historic habitats, including diking for agriculture, has decreased the function of many estuarine systems, and recent conservation efforts have been directed at restoring these degraded areas to reestablish their natural resource function. The Nisqually Delta in southern Puget Sound is an estuary that has been highly modified by restricting tidal flow, and recent restoration of the delta contributed to one of the largest tidal salt marsh restorations in the Pacific Northwest. We correlated the response of nine major tidal marsh species to salinities at different elevation zones. Our results indicated that wetland species richness was not related to soil pore-water salinity (R-2 = 0.03), but were stratified into different elevation zones (R-2 = 0.47). Thus, restoration that fosters a wide range of elevations will provide the most diverse plant habitat, and potentially, the greatest resilience to environmental change. C1 [Belleveau, Lisa J.; Takekawa, John Y.; Woo, Isa; Turner, Kelley L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Belleveau, Lisa J.] Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Belleveau, Lisa J.] Nisqually River Fdn, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Barham, Jesse B.; Takekawa, Jean E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nisqually Natl Wildlife Refuge, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. [Ellings, Christopher S.] Nisqually Indian Tribe, Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98513 USA. [Chin-Leo, Gerardo] Evergreen State Coll, Oceanog & Marine Biol, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, 220 Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Nisqually Indian Tribe; Ducks Unlimited; Nisqually River Foundation FX Support for the study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (D. Roster, G. Nakai, M. Mahaffy), Nisqually Indian Tribe, Ducks Unlimited, and the Nisqually River Foundation. This work was also supported by interns (USGS Students in Support of Native American Relations, Evergreen College). We thank H. Minnella, M. Holt, H. Allgood-Tucker, USGS technicians, and Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge volunteers for their assistance. K. Lovett and C. Janousek provided helpful editorial comments. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 51 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 89 IS 2 BP 136 EP 147 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP8CR UT WOS:000360119400003 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, P Sarr, DA AF van Mantgem, Phillip Sarr, Daniel A. TI Structure, Diversity, and Biophysical Properties of Old-growth Forests in the Klamath Region, USA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Climate; forest structure; spatial pattern ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TREE MORTALITY-RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; SISKIYOU ECOREGION; TEMPERATE FOREST; CALIFORNIA; ECOSYSTEMS; INCREASE AB The diverse old-growth forests in Klamath region of northern California and southern Oregon provide valuable ecosystem services (e.g., maintaining watersheds, wildlife habitat, recreation), but may be vulnerable to a wide range of stressors, including invasive species, disrupted disturbance regimes, and climatic change. Yet our understanding of how forest structure in the Klamath region relates to the current physical environment is limited. Here we provide present-day benchmarks for old-growth forest structure across a climatic gradient ranging from coastal to dry interior sites. We established 16 large (1 ha) forest plots where all stems > 5 cm in diameter were identified to species and mapped. Climate across these sites was highly variable, with estimated actual evapotranspiration correlated to several basic measures of forest structure, including plot basal area, stem size-class inequality, tree species diversity and, to a lesser extent, tree species richness. Analyses of the spatial arrangement of stems indicated a high degree of non-uniformity, with 75% of plots showing significant stem clumping at small spatial scales (0 to 10 m). Downscaled predictions of future site water balance suggest changes will be dominated by rapidly increasing climatic water deficit (D, a biologically meaningful index of drought). While these plots give a picture of current conditions, continued monitoring of these stands is needed to describe forest dynamics and to detect forest responses to ongoing and future stressors. C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip] US Geol Survey, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Sarr, Daniel A.] Natl Pk Serv, Klamath Network, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP van Mantgem, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Redwood Field Stn, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov FU National Park Service FX We thank Jon Hollis, Laura Lalemand, and Jon Chin for their assistance in the field and Janelle Deshais for creating the regional map. Funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 26 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 89 IS 2 BP 170 EP 181 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP8CR UT WOS:000360119400006 ER PT J AU Kendrick, KJ Matti, JC Mahan, SA AF Kendrick, K. J. Matti, J. C. Mahan, S. A. TI Late Quaternary slip history of the Mill Creek strand of the San Andreas fault in San Gorgonio Pass, southern California: The role of a subsidiary left-lateral fault in strand switching SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; TRANSVERSE RANGES; LUMINESCENCE CHRONOLOGY; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; SOIL DEVELOPMENT; SEISMIC-HAZARD; UNITED-STATES; RATES; DEFORMATION; SURFACE AB The fault history of the Mill Creek strand of the San Andreas fault (SAF) in the San Gorgonio Pass region, along with the reconstructed geomorphology surrounding this fault strand, reveals the important role of the left-lateral Pinto Mountain fault in the regional fault strand switching. The Mill Creek strand has 7.1-8.7 km total slip. Following this displacement, the Pinto Mountain fault offset the Mill Creek strand 1-1.25 km, as SAF slip transferred to the San Bernardino, Banning, and Garnet Hill strands. An alluvial complex within the Mission Creek watershed can be linked to palinspastic reconstruction of drainage segments to constrain slip history of the Mill Creek strand. We investigated surface remnants through detailed geologic mapping, morphometric and stratigraphic analysis, geochronology, and pedogenic analysis. The degree of soil development constrains the duration of surface stability when correlated to other regional, independently dated pedons. This correlation indicates that the oldest surfaces are significantly older than 500 ka. Luminescence dates of 106 ka and 95 ka from (respectively) 5 and 4 m beneath a younger fan surface are consistent with age estimates based on soil-profile development. Offset of the Mill Creek strand by the Pinto Mountain fault suggests a short-term slip rate of similar to 10-12.5 mm/yr for the Pinto Mountain fault, and a lower long-term slip rate. Uplift of the Yucaipa Ridge block during the period of Mill Creek strand activity is consistent with thermochronologic modeled uplift estimates. C1 [Kendrick, K. J.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Matti, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Mahan, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kendrick, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM kendrick@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program; U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards, National Cooperative Geologic Mineral Resources Program FX Funding support for this project was from the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping, and Mineral Resources Programs. We thank Pete Sadler for many helpful discussions as we developed the ideas in this study. The GIS support of Rachel Alvarez, John Conrad, and Doug Hirschberg is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Doug Yule, Kate Scharer, and Pat McCrory for very helpful early reviews of this manuscript. We thank Jim Evans and Whitney Behr for their formal reviews of this paper. All of these reviews resulted in significant improvement to this paper. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 127 IS 5-6 BP 825 EP 849 DI 10.1130/B31101.1 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO2TN UT WOS:000359009600011 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE Watten, BJ Iwanowicz, DD Green, PA Bassett, NL Adams, CR AF Starliper, Clifford E. Watten, Barnaby J. Iwanowicz, Deborah D. Green, Phyllis A. Bassett, Noel L. Adams, Cynthia R. TI Efficacy of pH elevation as a bactericidal strategy for treating ballast water of freight carriers SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ballast water; Nonindigenous; Bacteria; pH; Treatment ID INVASIONS; DIVERSITY; MARINE; SHIPS AB Treatment of ship ballast water with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is one method currently being developed to minimize the risk to introduce aquatic invasive species. The bactericidal capability of sodium hydroxide was determined for 148 bacterial strains from ballast water collected in 2009 and 2010 from the M/V Indiana Harbor, a bulk-freight carrier plying the Laurentian Great Lakes, USA. Primary culture of bacteria was done using brain heart infusion agar and a developmental medium. Strains were characterized based on PCR amplification and sequencing of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequence similarities (99+ %) were determined by comparison with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank catalog. Flavobacterium spp. were the most prevalent bacteria characterized in 2009, comprising 51.1% (24/47) of the total, and Pseudomonas spp. (62/101; 61.4%) and Brevundimonas spp. (22/101; 21.8%) were the predominate bacteria recovered in 2010; together, comprising 83.2% (84/101) of the total. Testing was done in tryptic soy broth (TSB) medium adjusted with 5 N NaOH. Growth of each strain was evaluated at pH 10.0, pH 11.0 and pH 12.0, and 4 h up to 72 h. The median cell count at 0 h for 148 cultures was 5.20 +/- 10(6) cfu/mL with a range 1.02 +/- 10(5)-1.60 +/- 10 8 cfu/mL. The TSB adjusted to pH 10.0 and incubation for less than 24 h was bactericidal to 52 (35.1%) strains. Growth in pH 11.0 TSB for less than 4 h was bactericidal to 131 (88.5%) strains and pH 11.0 within 12 h was bactericidal to 141 (95.3%). One strain, Bacillus horikoshii, survived the harshest treatment, pH 12.0 for 72 h. (C) 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University. C1 [Starliper, Clifford E.; Iwanowicz, Deborah D.; Adams, Cynthia R.] US Geol Survey, Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Watten, Barnaby J.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Green, Phyllis A.] Natl Pk Serv, Isle Royale Natl Pk, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Bassett, Noel L.] Amer Steamship Co, Williamsville, NY 14221 USA. RP Watten, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM bwatten@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2090-1232 EI 2090-1224 J9 J ADV RES JI J. Adv. Res. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 6 IS 3 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.jare.2015.02.005 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CL9RT UT WOS:000357316500027 PM 26257948 ER PT J AU He, SM Malfatti, SA McFarland, JW Anderson, FE Pati, A Huntemann, M Tremblay, J del Rio, TG Waldrop, MP Windham-Myers, L Tringe, SG AF He, Shaomei Malfatti, Stephanie A. McFarland, Jack W. Anderson, Frank E. Pati, Amrita Huntemann, Marcel Tremblay, Julien del Rio, Tijana Glavina Waldrop, Mark P. Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Tringe, Susannah G. TI Patterns in Wetland Microbial Community Composition and Functional Gene Repertoire Associated with Methane Emissions SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; PLANT COMMUNITY; SP. NOV.; CARBON; OXIDATION; SOIL; METHANOTROPHS; SACRAMENTO AB Wetland restoration on peat islands previously drained for agriculture has potential to reverse land subsidence and sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide as peat accretes. However, the emission of methane could potentially offset the greenhouse gas benefits of captured carbon. As microbial communities play a key role in governing wetland greenhouse gas fluxes, we are interested in how microbial community composition and functions are associated with wetland hydrology, biogeochemistry, and methane emission, which is critical to modeling the microbial component in wetland methane fluxes and to managing restoration projects for maximal carbon sequestration. Here, we couple sequence-based methods with biogeochemical and greenhouse gas measurements to interrogate microbial communities from a pilot-scale restored wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, revealing considerable spatial heterogeneity even within this relatively small site. A number of microbial populations and functions showed strong correlations with electron acceptor availability and methane production; some also showed a preference for association with plant roots. Marker gene phylogenies revealed a diversity of major methane-producing and -consuming populations and suggested novel diversity within methanotrophs. Methanogenic archaea were observed in all samples, as were nitrate-, sulfate-, and metal-reducing bacteria, indicating that no single terminal electron acceptor was preferred despite differences in energetic favorability and suggesting spatial microheterogeneity and microniches. Notably, methanogens were negatively correlated with nitrate-, sulfate-, and metal-reducing bacteria and were most abundant at sampling sites with high peat accretion and low electron acceptor availability, where methane production was highest. IMPORTANCE Wetlands are the largest nonanthropogenic source of atmospheric methane but also a key global carbon reservoir. Characterizing belowground microbial communities that mediate carbon cycling in wetlands is critical to accurately predicting their responses to changes in land management and climate. Here, we studied a restored wetland and revealed substantial spatial heterogeneity in biogeochemistry, methane production, and microbial communities, largely associated with the wetland hydraulic design. We observed patterns in microbial community composition and functions correlated with biogeochemistry and methane production, including diverse microorganisms involved in methane production and consumption. We found that methanogenesis gene abundance is inversely correlated with genes from pathways exploiting other electron acceptors, yet the ubiquitous presence of genes from all these pathways suggests that diverse electron acceptors contribute to the energetic balance of the ecosystem. These investigations represent an important step toward effective management of wetlands to reduce methane flux to the atmosphere and enhance belowground carbon storage. C1 [He, Shaomei; Malfatti, Stephanie A.; Pati, Amrita; Huntemann, Marcel; Tremblay, Julien; del Rio, Tijana Glavina; Tringe, Susannah G.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [McFarland, Jack W.; Anderson, Frank E.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Malfatti, Stephanie A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Tringe, SG (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM sgtringe@lbl.gov OI Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU DOE Early Career Research Program [KP/CH57/1]; DOE JGI Community Sequencing Program; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This project was funded by the DOE Early Career Research Program, grant no. KP/CH57/1; the DOE JGI Community Sequencing Program; and the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 64 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 3 AR e00066-15 DI 10.1128/mBio.00066-15 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CM7JH UT WOS:000357867400002 PM 25991679 ER PT J AU Ayers, CR Hanson-Dorr, KC O'Dell, S Lovell, CD Jones, ML Suckow, JR Dorr, BS AF Ayers, Christopher R. Hanson-Dorr, Katie C. O'Dell, Sadie Lovell, Charles D. Jones, Michael L. Suckow, Jason R. Dorr, Brian S. TI Impacts of colonial waterbirds on vegetation and potential restoration of island habitats SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE double-crested cormorant; Great Lakes; Phalacrocorax auritus; soil; woody plants ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; ONTARIO AB Colonial waterbirds have impacted forested island ecosystems throughout their breeding range, changing vegetation, and soil characteristics and bird communities. Our objectives were to (1) determine effects of three levels of colonial waterbird exclusion on overall vegetation diversity and growth, and survival of a candidate restoration species (black elderberry; Sambucus nigra canadensis); (2) investigate effects of different planting techniques on survival and growth of black elderberry; and (3) determine effects of waterbird colonization on soil chemistry. In 2012, we investigated effects of three levels of waterbird exclusion (none control plots [CON]; partial, which excluded waterbirds larger than gulls [PEX]; and full which excluded all waterbirds [FEX]) on bird use, existing vegetation growth and diversity, and survival of planted black elderberry on three islands in Door County, WI, Lake Michigan. In 2013, we evaluated survival of black elderberry established with four planting treatments within three waterbird exclusion treatments on two islands in 2013. We also compared soil chemistry characteristics between islands with and without nesting waterbirds for 2 years. Overall plant growth was greater in exclosures, but elderberry survival was similar among treatments. Soil replacement and weed suppression planting treatments did not affect survival, but generally increased overall elderberry biomass. Soil from nesting islands was more acidic and had greater nutrient concentrations than reference islands. Exclusion or removal of colonial nesting waterbirds from islands may improve overall vegetation growth, but successful restoration of woody vegetation may require significant soil manipulation and planting. C1 [Ayers, Christopher R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hanson-Dorr, Katie C.; Dorr, Brian S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [O'Dell, Sadie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mayville, WI 53050 USA. [Lovell, Charles D.; Jones, Michael L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Waupun, WI 53963 USA. [Suckow, Jason R.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Sun Prairie, WI 53590 USA. RP Dorr, BS (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Brian.S.Dorr@aphis.usda.gov OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560; Hanson-Dorr, Katie/0000-0003-4559-938X FU EPA's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through USDA, Wildlife Services of Wisconsin FX This research was funded by the EPA's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the USDA, Wildlife Services of Wisconsin. We thank the many staff with USDA/WS-WI, USDA/WS - National Wildlife Research Center, USFWS, Horicon National Wildlife Refuge Complex, USFWS Ecological Services, and the private landowners that provided access to boat launches and islands. We thank Keith Crouse for assistance with soil testing. The conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 23 IS 3 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.1111/rec.12169 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0UJ UT WOS:000358129000007 ER PT J AU Nadeau, CP Conway, CJ AF Nadeau, Christopher P. Conway, Courtney J. TI Optimizing water depth for wetland-dependent wildlife could increase wetland restoration success, water efficiency, and water security SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat models; marsh bird; water scarcity; water use; wetland-dependent birds ID CALIFORNIA BLACK RAIL; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; RIVER; WORLD AB Securing water for wetland restoration efforts will be increasingly difficult as human populations demand more water and climate change alters the hydrologic cycle. Minimizing water use at a restoration site could help justify water use to competing users, thereby increasing future water security. Moreover, optimizing water depth for focal species will increase habitat quality and the probability that the restoration is successful. We developed and validated spatial habitat models to optimize water depth within wetland restoration projects along the lower Colorado River intended to benefit California black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus). We observed a 358% increase in the number of black rails detected in the year after manipulating water depth to maximize the amount of predicted black rail habitat in two wetlands. The number of black rail detections in our restoration sites was similar to those at our reference site. Implementing the optimal water depth in each wetland decreased water use while simultaneously increasing habitat suitability for the focal species. Our results also provide experimental confirmation of past descriptive accounts of black rail habitat preferences and provide explicit water depth recommendations for future wetland restoration efforts for this species of conservation concern; maintain surface water depths between saturated soil and 100 mm. Efforts to optimize water depth in restored wetlands around the world would likely increase the success of wetland restorations for the focal species while simultaneously minimizing and justifying water use. C1 [Nadeau, Christopher P.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Nadeau, CP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM christopher.nadeau@uconn.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Arizona Game and Fish Department's Heritage Program; University of Arizona IACUC [07-189] FX Meaghan Conway and Mark Ogonowski coordinated logistics and helped design the water and vegetation monitoring protocols. INWR provided field housing and use of field vehicles. We thank Joseph Barnett and Brenda Zaun for their diligent efforts to manipulate water depths. This project was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Arizona Game and Fish Department's Heritage Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Arizona IACUC protocol #07-189. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 23 IS 3 BP 292 EP 300 DI 10.1111/rec.12180 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0UJ UT WOS:000358129000012 ER PT J AU Anderson, SW Anderson, SP Anderson, RS AF Anderson, Scott W. Anderson, Suzanne P. Anderson, Robert S. TI Exhumation by debris flows in the 2013 Colorado Front Range storm SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN EROSION; BASINS; EVOLUTION; BE-10; RATES; RIVER; FIRE AB The relative importance of extreme events in the long-term exhumation of landscapes is difficult to determine; the degree to which modern records capture long-term mean process rates is therefore commonly unknown. In September 2013, a massive precipitation event in the Front Range of Colorado (USA) triggered over 1100 landslides and debris flows in a historically sedate landscape. Here we employ topographic differencing, utilizing repeat aerial lidar, to quantify net sediment transport volumes in 120 of these mass movements within an area of 102 km(2) west of Boulder, Colorado. Comparing our results against published long-term erosion rates, we find that these mass movements evacuated the equivalent of hundreds to thousands of years of hillslope weathering products. We conclude that (1) rare debris flows perform the majority of sediment transport and channel erosion within steep channels along the eastern edge of the Front Range, potentially explaining discrepancies between modern sediment yields and long-term erosion rates in such settings, and (2) the high spatial density of debris flows along the corridors bounding steep canyons suggests that the landscape switches to debris-flow dominance as knickpoints pass headward along the canyons. C1 [Anderson, Scott W.; Anderson, Suzanne P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Scott W.; Anderson, Suzanne P.; Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Anderson, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM Suzanne.Anderson@colorado.edu RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014; OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649; Anderson, Scott/0000-0003-1678-5204 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0724960, EAR-1331828, EAR-1415571] FX This research was performed under National Science Foundation grants EAR-0724960 and EAR-1331828 (the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory), and Rapid grant EAR-1415571. We thank two anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2015 VL 43 IS 5 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1130/G36507.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CM3XT UT WOS:000357619400006 ER PT J AU Fagan, ME DeFries, RS Sesnie, SE Arroyo-Mora, JP Soto, C Singh, A Townsend, PA Chazdon, RL AF Fagan, Matthew E. DeFries, Ruth S. Sesnie, Steven E. Arroyo-Mora, J. Pablo Soto, Carlomagno Singh, Aditya Townsend, Philip A. Chazdon, Robin L. TI Mapping Species Composition of Forests and Tree Plantations in Northeastern Costa Rica with an Integration of Hyperspectral and Multitemporal Landsat Imagery SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MAP ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; OIL PALM; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; SATELLITE IMAGERY; RAIN-FORESTS; COVER CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; ETM PLUS; RADIOMETRIC NORMALIZATION; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS AB An efficient means to map tree plantations is needed to detect tropical land use change and evaluate reforestation projects. To analyze recent tree plantation expansion in northeastern Costa Rica, we examined the potential of combining moderate-resolution hyperspectral imagery (2005 HyMap mosaic) with multitemporal, multispectral data (Landsat) to accurately classify (1) general forest types and (2) tree plantations by species composition. Following a linear discriminant analysis to reduce data dimensionality, we compared four Random Forest classification models: hyperspectral data (HD) alone; HD plus interannual spectral metrics; HD plus a multitemporal forest regrowth classification; and all three models combined. The fourth, combined model achieved overall accuracy of 88.5%. Adding multitemporal data significantly improved classification accuracy (p < 0.0001) of all forest types, although the effect on tree plantation accuracy was modest. The hyperspectral data alone classified six species of tree plantations with 75% to 93% producer's accuracy; adding multitemporal spectral data increased accuracy only for two species with dense canopies. Non-native tree species had higher classification accuracy overall and made up the majority of tree plantations in this landscape. Our results indicate that combining occasionally acquired hyperspectral data with widely available multitemporal satellite imagery enhances mapping and monitoring of reforestation in tropical landscapes. C1 [Fagan, Matthew E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DeFries, Ruth S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Sesnie, Steven E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southwest Reg Off, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Arroyo-Mora, J. Pablo; Soto, Carlomagno] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Singh, Aditya; Townsend, Philip A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chazdon, Robin L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Fagan, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matthew.e.fagan@nasa.gov; rd2402@columbia.edu; Steven_Sesnie@fws.gov; pablo.arroyo@mcgill.ca; carlo.soto.castro@gmail.com; singh22@wisc.edu; ptownsend@wisc.edu; robin.chazdon@uconn.edu RI Singh, Aditya/I-3628-2013; Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008; OI Singh, Aditya/0000-0001-5559-9151; Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774; Chazdon, Robin/0000-0002-7349-5687 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth System Science Fellowship [NNX10AP49H]; ASPRS Ta Liang Memorial Award; Earth Institute; Columbia Institute of Latin American Studies; NASA FX This work was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth System Science Fellowship NNX10AP49H, the ASPRS Ta Liang Memorial Award, The Earth Institute, the Columbia Institute of Latin American Studies, and by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The authors would like to thank Margaret Kalacska for an insightful and helpful early review of this manuscript, and to thank Chris Small for countless hours of great remote sensing advice in small restaurants. Field research was made possible by logistical support provided by FUNDECOR and the staff at the Organization for Tropical Studies La Selva Biological Station, and we would like to thank Andres Sanchun, Jose Miranda, Marvin Paniagua, and Mauricio Gaitan for assistance in the field. We thank CENAT and Carlos Andres Campos for providing geospatial data on Costa Rica and would like to express our appreciation to Bonnie Tice and Sue Pirkle. Finally, the authors wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, which led to marked improvements in the original manuscript. NR 136 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 29 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 7 IS 5 BP 5660 EP 5696 DI 10.3390/rs70505660 PG 37 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CM3PW UT WOS:000357596200031 ER PT J AU Merkling, T Welcker, J Hewison, AJM Hatch, SA Kitaysky, AS Speakman, JR Danchin, E Blanchard, P AF Merkling, Thomas Welcker, Jorg Hewison, A. J. Mark Hatch, Scott A. Kitaysky, Alexander S. Speakman, John R. Danchin, Etienne Blanchard, Pierrick TI Identifying the selective pressures underlying offspring sex-ratio adjustments: a case study in a wild seabird SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corticosterone; cost of reproduction hypothesis; daily energy expenditure; investment capacity; Trivers-Willard hypothesis ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; FOOD AVAILABILITY; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION PROCESSES; SEYCHELLES WARBLERS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; MATERNAL INVESTMENT AB Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should bias offspring sex according to the costs and benefits associated with producing either sex in a given context. Accurately interpreting sex-ratio biases, therefore, requires a precise identification of these selective pressures. However, such information is generally lacking. This may partly explain the inconsistency in reported sex allocation patterns, especially in vertebrates. We present data from a long-term feeding experiment in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) that allowed us to increase investment capacity for some breeding pairs. Previous findings showed that these pairs then overproduced sons compared with control parents. Here, our aim was to test the underlying assumptions of the 2 appropriate sex allocation models for our context: the "cost of reproduction hypothesis" and the "Trivers-Willard hypothesis." The former assumes a sex difference in rearing costs, whereas the latter assumes a difference in fitness returns. 1) Independent of feeding treatment, rearing sons was energetically more demanding for parents (as revealed by higher energy expenditure and higher baseline corticosterone levels) than rearing daughters, thereby corroborating the underlying assumption of the "cost of reproduction hypothesis." 2) Evidence supporting the assumptions of the "Trivers-Willard hypothesis" was less convincing. Overall, our results suggest that drivers of parental sex allocation decisions are probably more related to offspring sex-specific energetic costs than to their future reproductive success in our study species. Assessing the adaptive value of sex-ratio biases requires precise investigation of the assumptions underlying theoretical models, particularly as long as the mechanisms involved in sex-ratio manipulation remain largely unknown. C1 [Merkling, Thomas; Danchin, Etienne; Blanchard, Pierrick] Univ Toulouse 3, UMR CNRS 5174, ENFA, Lab EDB, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Welcker, Jorg] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Welcker, Jorg; Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hewison, A. J. Mark] INRA, CEFS UR035, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hatch, Scott A.] Inst Seabird Res & Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. [Speakman, John R.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Speakman, John R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, State Key Lab Mol Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Merkling, T (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Ecol Evolut Genet, Res Sch Biol, 44 Daley Rd, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia. EM thomasmerkling00@gmail.com RI John, Speakman/A-9494-2008 OI John, Speakman/0000-0002-2457-1823 FU North Pacific Research Board [320]; Research Council of Norway [197192/V40]; Institut Polaire Francais Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) [1162]; French Laboratory of Excellence [ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02] FX This work was supported by the North Pacific Research Board (Project No. 320, BEST-BSIERP Projects B74, B67, and B77 to A.S.K.), the Research Council of Norway (project 197192/V40 to J.W.), by a grant from the Institut Polaire Francais Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV "Programme 1162 SexCoMonArc" to E.D. and P.B.), and by the French Laboratory of Excellence project "TULIP" (ANR-10-LABX-41; ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02). NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 EI 1465-7279 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 26 IS 3 BP 916 EP 925 DI 10.1093/beheco/arv032 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CK9UN UT WOS:000356585100035 ER PT J AU Bromirski, PD Cayan, DR AF Bromirski, Peter D. Cayan, Daniel R. TI Wave power variability and trends across the North Atlantic influenced by decadal climate patterns SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Open Science Symposium on Western Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate CY OCT 15-17, 2012 CL Qingdao, PEOPLES R CHINA SP NW Pacific Ocean Circulat & Climate Expt DE wave power; North Atlantic; NAO; PNA ID HEMISPHERE WINTER; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; CIRCULATION REGIMES; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; PACIFIC; COAST; OCEAN; SEA; PERSPECTIVES AB Climate variations influence North Atlantic winter storm intensity and resultant variations in wave energy levels. A 60 year hindcast allows investigation of the influence of decadal climate variability on long-term trends of North Atlantic wave power, P-W, spanning the 1948-2008 epoch. P-W variations over much of the eastern North Atlantic are strongly influenced by the fluctuating North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) atmospheric circulation pattern, consistent with previous studies of significant wave height, Hs. Wave activity in the western Atlantic also responds to fluctuations in Pacific climate modes, including the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. The magnitude of upward long-term trends during winter over the northeast Atlantic is strongly influenced by heightened storm activity under the extreme positive phase of winter NAO in the early 1990s. In contrast, P-W along the United States East Coast shows no increasing trend, with wave activity there most closely associated with the PNA. Strong wave power events exhibit significant upward trends along the Atlantic coasts of Iceland and Europe during winter months. Importantly, in opposition to the long-term increase of P-W, a recent general decrease in P-W across the North Atlantic from 2000 to 2008 occurred. The 2000-2008 decrease was associated with a general shift of winter NAO to its negative phase, underscoring the control exerted by fluctuating North Atlantic atmospheric circulation on P-W trends. C1 [Bromirski, Peter D.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Bromirski, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pbromirski@ucsd.edu FU NOAA [NA10OAR4310121]; California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways [11-106-107]; NOAA RISA program; SIO FX Support for this study is gratefully acknowledged from NOAA through grant NA10OAR4310121 and the California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways under contract 11-106-107 with SIO, as is support for D.R.C. from the NOAA RISA program. We thank Paul Wittmann and John Helly (hellyj@ucsd.edu) for providing the wave model data used in this study, archived at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, and Karen Barfoot at the UK Met Office (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk) for providing archived buoy data from the northeast Atlantic and NOAA NODC (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov) for buoy data from the western North Atlantic. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY PY 2015 VL 120 IS 5 BP 3419 EP 3443 DI 10.1002/2014JC010440 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL0JI UT WOS:000356628100015 ER PT J AU Sevadjian, JC McPhee-Shaw, EE Raanan, BY Cheriton, OM Storlazzi, CD AF Sevadjian, Jeff C. McPhee-Shaw, Erika E. Raanan, Ben Y. Cheriton, Olivia M. Storlazzi, Curt D. TI Vertical convergence of resuspended sediment and subducted phytoplankton to a persistent detached layer over the southern shelf of Monterey Bay, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Open Science Symposium on Western Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate CY OCT 15-17, 2012 CL Qingdao, PEOPLES R CHINA SP NW Pacific Ocean Circulat & Climate Expt DE suspended particulate matter; intermediate nepheloid layer; sediment; phytoplankton; Monterey Bay ID COASTAL UPWELLING SYSTEM; INTERMEDIATE NEPHELOID LAYERS; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; THIN ZOOPLANKTON LAYERS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INTERNAL WAVES; SETTLING VELOCITY; BEAM-ATTENUATION; PARTICLE-SIZE; TRANSPORT AB Work done by the present authors and collaborators in the first year of a 2-year field study established the frequent presence of layers of suspended particulate matter detached from the seafloor over the southern shelf of Monterey Bay, California. In this contribution, we document similar findings over a 1-month period in Fall 2012 and investigate physical processes leading to vertical convergence of particles to the observed layers, both from resuspended sediment originating below the layer depth and from phytoplankton originating above the layer depth. Physical and optical vertical structure was measured by an autonomous vertical profiler, thermistor chain, and acoustic Doppler current profiler, and optical sensors fixed to a bottom-mounted frame measured beam attenuation and particle size distribution within the benthic boundary layer (BBL). These data support a conceptual model for layer formation in which (1) bottom material was mobilized into the BBL by semidiurnal internal tidal currents; (2) brief updraft events regularly injected particles into the interior water column during the downslope phase of the semidiurnal internal tide; and (3) particles converged at the detached layer due to a measured, but previously unreported, long time scale mean vertical convergence in flow. Subduction and vertical mixing of phytoplankton to the subeuphotic layer were also observed and are presented in two case studies in connection with horizontal convergences of surface water masses. C1 [Sevadjian, Jeff C.; Raanan, Ben Y.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Monterey, CA 95039 USA. [McPhee-Shaw, Erika E.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA USA. [Cheriton, Olivia M.; Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Sevadjian, JC (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Monterey, CA 95039 USA. EM jsevadjian@mbari.org OI Cheriton, Olivia/0000-0003-3011-9136 FU National Science Foundation [OCE0961810]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Data for this project are archived and published with the National Oceanographic Data Center at http://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/123606. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant OCE0961810 to McPhee-Shaw, J. Bellingham, W. Shaw, and T. Stanton) and by the U.S. Geological Survey. We graciously thank M. McManus for loaning the autonomous profiler used in both years of this study. C. Hunter prepared and oversaw the deployment and recovery of the moored instrument platforms. J. Largier and Co-PIs W. Shaw and T. Stanton provided helpful insights into early interpretations of the data. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY PY 2015 VL 120 IS 5 BP 3462 EP 3483 DI 10.1002/2015JC010785 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL0JI UT WOS:000356628100017 ER PT J AU Catchings, RD Dixit, MM Goldman, MR Kumar, S AF Catchings, R. D. Dixit, M. M. Goldman, M. R. Kumar, S. TI Structure of the Koyna-Warna Seismic Zone, Maharashtra, India: A possible model for large induced earthquakes elsewhere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE induced seismicity; Koyna; earthquakes; faulting ID PULL-APART BASINS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SUPERSTITION HILLS EARTHQUAKE; MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTIONS; IMPERIAL-VALLEY REGION; 24 NOVEMBER 1987; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; WESTERN INDIA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; PENINSULAR INDIA AB The Koyna-Warna area of India is one of the best worldwide examples of reservoir-induced seismicity, with the distinction of having generated the largest known induced earthquake (M6.3 on 10 December 1967) and persistent moderate-magnitude (>M5) events for nearly 50years. Yet, the fault structure and tectonic setting that has accommodated the induced seismicity is poorly known, in part because the seismic events occur beneath a thick sequence of basalt layers. On the basis of the alignment of earthquake epicenters over an similar to 50year period, lateral variations in focal mechanisms, upper-crustal tomographic velocity images, geophysical data (aeromagnetic, gravity, and magnetotelluric), geomorphic data, and correlation with similar structures elsewhere, we suggest that the Koyna-Warna area lies within a right step between northwest trending, right-lateral faults. The sub-basalt basement may form a local structural depression (pull-apart basin) caused by extension within the step-over zone between the right-lateral faults. Our postulated model accounts for the observed pattern of normal faulting in a region that is dominated by north-south directed compression. The right-lateral faults extend well beyond the immediate Koyna-Warna area, possibly suggesting a more extensive zone of seismic hazards for the central India area. Induced seismic events have been observed many places worldwide, but relatively large-magnitude induced events are less common because critically stressed, preexisting structures are a necessary component. We suggest that releasing bends and fault step-overs like those we postulate for the Koyna-Warna area may serve as an ideal tectonic environment for generating moderate- to large- magnitude induced (reservoir, injection, etc.) earthquakes. C1 [Catchings, R. D.; Goldman, M. R.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dixit, M. M.; Kumar, S.] CSIR Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Catchings, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM catching@usgs.gov NR 140 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY PY 2015 VL 120 IS 5 BP 3479 EP 3506 DI 10.1002/2014JB011695 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK7YV UT WOS:000356454500035 ER PT J AU Beeler, NM Hickman, SH AF Beeler, N. M. Hickman, Stephen H. TI Direct measurement of asperity contact growth in quartz at hydrothermal conditions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE fault rheology; friction ID TIME-DEPENDENT FRICTION; SHALLOW FAULT ZONE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 1992 M7.5 LANDERS; PRESSURE SOLUTION; STICK-SLIP; ROCK FRICTION; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; DIFFUSION AB Earthquake recurrence requires interseismic fault restrengthening which results from solid-state deformation in room temperature friction and indentation experiments. In contrast, exhumed fault zones show solution-transport processes such as pressure solution, and contact overgrowths influence fault zone properties. In the absence of fluid flow, overgrowths are driven by gradients in surface curvature where material is dissolved, diffuses, and precipitates at the contact without convergence normal to the contact. To determine the rate of overgrowth for quartz, we conducted single-contact experiments in an externally heated pressure vessel. Convergence was continuously monitored using reflected light interferometry through a long-working-distance microscope. Contact normal force was constant with an initial effective normal stress of 1.7MPa, temperature was between 350 and 530 degrees C, and water pressure was constant at 150MPa. Two control experiments were conducted: one dry at 425 degrees C and one bimaterial (sapphire) at 425 degrees C and 150MPa water pressure. No contact growth or convergence was observed in the controls. For wet single-phase contacts, growth was initially rapid and then decreased with time. No convergence was observed. Fluid inclusions indicate that the contact is not uniformly wetted. The contact is bounded by small regions of high aperture, reflecting local free-face dissolution as the source for the overgrowth. The apparent activation energy is similar to 125kJ/mol. Extrapolation predicts rates of contact area increase orders of magnitude faster than in dry, room temperature and hydrothermal friction experiments, suggesting that natural strength recovery near the base of the seismogenic zone could be dominated by contact overgrowth. C1 [Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Hickman, Stephen H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM nbeeler@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY PY 2015 VL 120 IS 5 BP 3599 EP 3616 DI 10.1002/2014JB011816 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK7YV UT WOS:000356454500040 ER PT J AU Scott, GH Ingle, JC McCane, B Powell, CL Thunell, RC AF Scott, George H. Ingle, James C., Jr. McCane, Brendan Powell, Charles L., II Thunell, Robert C. TI Truncorotalia crassaformis from its type locality: Comparison with Caribbean plankton and Pliocene relatives SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Axial shape; Keel; Calcification; Morphometry; Holotype ID INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; CUBIC INTERPOLATION; CARIACO BASIN; GLOBOROTALIA; EVOLUTION; FORAMINIFERA; CALCIFICATION; VENEZUELA AB Truncorotalia crassaformis has been identified in Pliocene-Holocene assemblages globally but there has been little analysis of specimens from its type locality at Lomita Quarry, California. This has led to confusion about some diagnostic criteria, particularly the presence of a peripheral keel. To better understand variation specimens are studied from the type locality (Pleistocene, c. 400-600 ka), supplemented by material from a plankton trap in Cariaco Basin and from ODP 925, Ceara Rise (Pliocene, c. 43 Ma). The damaged holotype has a weak topographic ridge (keel) at the periphery of early chambers of the outer whorl. Several well-preserved specimens have a keel on all chambers of the whorl. Encrustation obscures the periphery on some and masks shell shape. Several outliers in a morphometric analysis of axial shape have distinctive discoidal outlines but ventroconical (cone-like) forms are common. Lomita Marl was deposited on a sheltered, shallow shelf in Chron 1. Foraminifera reworked from the unconformably underlying Repetto Siltstone are present. Specimens resembling the holotype are very rare and often damaged. Morphological disparity is high. It is unlikely that an autochthonous population was sampled. The weak peripheral keel present on some living specimens from Cariaco Basin is built incrementally by a thin featureless calcitic veneer deposited between the morphogenesis of each chamber. The process progressively obscures pores in the primary wall. Its earliest stages have been misidentified as a poreless zone. Ventroconical form is weak in the Ceara Rise Pliocene specimens and is distinguishable from the Cariaco sample. There is only a veneer at the periphery. Although the study does not provide a population-based diagnosis of T. crassaformis it indicates that the name should not be applied to early Pliocene forms. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scott, George H.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Ingle, James C., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McCane, Brendan] Univ Otago, Dept Comp Sci, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Powell, Charles L., II] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thunell, Robert C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Scott, GH (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. EM g.scott@gns.cri.nz FU GNS Science program Global Change Through Time GCT 6.1 Neogene FX We thank James Kennett for the Lomita Quarry sample and Bushra Hussaini, Brian Huber and Jennifer Jett for imagery of the holotype and topotypes. Other imagery and resources were funded by GNS Science program Global Change Through Time GCT 6.1 Neogene. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 EI 1872-6186 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 117 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.02.001 PG 12 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA CL5GA UT WOS:000356986600001 ER PT J AU Witt, EC AF Witt, Emitt C., III TI Geospatial Resources for the Geology Community: The USGS National Map SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER DATABASE; CLASSIFICATION; HYDROGRAPHY; DELINEATION; COMPLETION; RESOLUTION; USA AB Geospatial data are a key component of investigating, interpreting, and communicating the geological sciences. Locating geospatial data can be time-consuming, which detracts from time spent on a study because these data are not obviously placed in central locations or are served from many disparate databases. The National Map of the US Geological Survey is a publicly available resource for accessing the geospatial base map data needs of the geological community froma central location. The National Map data are available through a viewer and download platform providing access to eight primary data themes, plus the US Topo and scanned historical topographic maps. The eight themes are elevation, orthoimagery, hydrography, geographic names, boundaries, transportation, structures, and land cover, and they are being offered for download as predefined tiles in formats supported by leading geographic information system software. Data tiles are periodically refreshed to capture the most current content and are an efficient method for disseminating and receiving geospatial information. Elevation data, for example, are offered as a download from the National Map as 1 degrees x 1 degrees tiles for the 10- and 30-m products and as 15' x 15' tiles for the higher-resolution 3-m product. Vector data sets with smaller file sizes are offered at several tile sizes and formats. Partial tiles are not a download option-any prestaged data that intersect the requesting bounding box will be, in their entirety, part of the download order. While there are many options for accessing geospatial data via the Web, the National Map represents authoritative sources of data that are documented and can be referenced for citation and inclusion in scientific publications. Therefore, National Map products and services should be part of a geologist's first stop for geospatial information and data. C1 [Witt, Emitt C., III] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Witt, Emitt C., III] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Witt, EC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM ecwitt@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 123 IS 3 BP 283 EP 294 DI 10.1086/682008 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA CL0HW UT WOS:000356623300004 ER PT J AU Crawford, JT Dornblaser, MM Stanley, EH Clow, DW Striegl, RG AF Crawford, John T. Dornblaser, Mark M. Stanley, Emily H. Clow, David W. Striegl, Robert G. TI Source limitation of carbon gas emissions in high-elevation mountain streams and lakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; methane; streams; lakes; mountains; alpine ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; NATIONAL-PARK; SOIL RESPIRATION; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; DIOXIDE; CATCHMENT; METHANE; CO2; METABOLISM AB Inland waters are an important component of the global carbon cycle through transport, storage, and direct emissions of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere. Despite predictions of high physical gas exchange rates due to turbulent flows and ubiquitous supersaturation of CO(2)and perhaps also CH(4)patterns of gas emissions are essentially undocumented for high mountain ecosystems. Much like other headwater networks around the globe, we found that high-elevation streams in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA, were supersaturated with CO2 during the growing season and were net sources to the atmosphere. CO2 concentrations in lakes, on the other hand, tended to be less than atmospheric equilibrium during the open water season. CO2 and CH4 emissions from the aquatic conduit were relatively small compared to many parts of the globe. Irrespective of the physical template for high gas exchange (high k), we found evidence of CO2 source limitation to mountain streams during the growing season, which limits overall CO2 emissions. Our results suggest a reduced importance of aquatic ecosystems for carbon cycling in high-elevation landscapes having limited soil development and high CO2 consumption via mineral weathering. C1 [Crawford, John T.; Dornblaser, Mark M.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Crawford, John T.; Stanley, Emily H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA. [Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jtcrawford@usgs.gov OI Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Research Program; Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Program; Inland Waters LandCarbon project; National Science Foundation [DEB-0822700] FX We thank Nick Gubbins and Doug Halm for their field assistance. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Research Program; Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Program; and the Inland Waters LandCarbon project. J.T.C. was also supported by the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement DEB-0822700, NTL LTER. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Users can freely access the data by contacting the corresponding author (jtcrawford@usgs.gov). NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 120 IS 5 BP 952 EP 964 DI 10.1002/2014JG002861 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CK8XI UT WOS:000356523000010 ER PT J AU Maas-Hebner, KG Harte, MJ Molina, N Hughes, RM Schreck, C Yeakley, JA AF Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G. Harte, Michael J. Molina, Nancy Hughes, Robert M. Schreck, Carl Yeakley, J. Alan TI Combining and aggregating environmental data for status and trend assessments: challenges and approaches SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Data aggregation; Lurking variable; Simpson's paradox; Modifiable areal unit problem; Change of support problem; Environmental monitoring ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; ELECTROFISHING DISTANCE; PROBABILITY SAMPLE; RELATIVE INFLUENCE; NATURAL-RESOURCES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HABITAT SELECTION; SPECIES RICHNESS; SIMPSONS PARADOX AB Increasingly, natural resource management agencies and nongovernmental organizations are sharing monitoring data across geographic and jurisdictional boundaries. Doing so improves their abilities to assess local-, regional-, and landscape-level environmental conditions, particularly status and trends, and to improve their ability to make short-and long-term management decisions. Status monitoring assesses the current condition of a population or environmental condition across an area. Monitoring for trends aims at monitoring changes in populations or environmental condition through time. We wrote this paper to inform agency and nongovernmental organization managers, analysts, and consultants regarding the kinds of environmental data that can be combined with suitable techniques and statistically aggregated for new assessments. By doing so, they can increase the (1) use of available data and (2) the validity and reliability of the assessments. Increased awareness of the difficulties inherent in combining and aggregating data for local-and regionallevel analyses can increase the likelihood that future monitoring efforts will be modified and/or planned to accommodate data from multiple sources. C1 [Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harte, Michael J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Molina, Nancy] Cascadia Ecosyst, Gresham, OR 97080 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Schreck, Carl] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yeakley, J. Alan] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Maas-Hebner, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kathleen.maashebner@oregonstate.edu FU Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund via the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board FX This manuscript draws from the combined experience and opinions of current and past IMST members and multiple reviews of the scientific merits of draft policies, water quality standards, monitoring programs, and fish recovery and conservation plans. The conclusions drawn here may not reflect opinions of past IMST members and staff. We thank Don Stevens Jr. for providing us with significant statistical background information on combining and aggregating data. Neal Christensen contributed to an earlier IMST report on this topic. Funding for this manuscript was provided by the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund via the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board to Oregon's IMST. Insightful reviews of previous versions of this manuscript were provided by Anthony Olsen, Thomas Kincaid, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 111 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 187 IS 5 AR 278 DI 10.1007/s10661-015-4504-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ6ME UT WOS:000355607100022 PM 25893765 ER PT J AU Powers, SM Tank, JL Robertson, DM AF Powers, S. M. Tank, J. L. Robertson, D. M. TI Control of nitrogen and phosphorus transport by reservoirs in agricultural landscapes SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Reservoirs and dams; Agriculture; Nitrogen and phosphorus; River; Lake; Water quality ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NUTRIENT SOURCES; RIVER-BASIN; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SPARROW MODELS; LAKES; DENITRIFICATION; RETENTION; SEDIMENTS; STREAMS AB Reservoirs often receive excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) lost from agricultural land, and may subsequently influence N and P delivery to inland and coastal waters through internal processes such as nutrient burial, denitrification, and nutrient turnover. Currently there is a need to better understand how reservoirs affect nutrient transport in agricultural landscapes, where few prior studies have provided joint views on the variation in net retention/loss among reservoirs, the role of reservoirs apart from natural lakes, and differences in effects on N versus P, especially over time frames > 1 year. To address these needs, we compiled water quality data from many rivers in intermediate-to-large drainages of the Midwestern US, including tributaries to the Upper Mississippi River, Great Lakes, and Ohio River Basins, where cropland often covers > 50 % of the contributing area. Incorporating 18 years of data (1990-2007), effects of reservoirs on river nutrient transport were examined using comparisons between reservoir outflow sites and unimpeded river sites (N = 869, including 100 reservoir outflow sites) supported by mass balance analysis of individual reservoirs (n = 17). Reservoir outflows sites commonly had 20 % lower annual yields (mass per catchment area per year) of total N and total P (TP) than unimpeded rivers after accounting for cropland coverage. Reservoir outflow sites also had lower interannual variability in TP yields. The mass balance approach confirmed net N losses in reservoirs, suggesting denitrification of agricultural N, or N burial in sediments. Net retention of P ranged more widely, and multiple systems showed net P export, providing new evidence that legacy P within reservoir systems may mobilize over the long-term. Our results indicate that reservoirs broadly influence the downstream transport of N and P through agricultural river networks, including networks where natural lakes and wetlands are relatively scarce. This calls for a more complete understanding of agricultural reservoirs as open, connected features of river networks where biogeochemical processes are often influential to downstream water quality, but potentially sensitive to changes associated with sedimentation, eutrophication, infrastructure aging, and reservoir management. C1 [Powers, S. M.; Tank, J. L.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, South Bend, IN 46617 USA. [Tank, J. L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Robertson, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Powers, SM (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, 1400 East Angela Blvd,Unit 117, South Bend, IN 46617 USA. EM powers_s@nd.edu OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 FU Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative (ND-ECI) FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative (ND-ECI). We also thank the numerous personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey and partner State agencies who have helped collect and compile discharge and water quality records over the years. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 16 U2 119 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAY PY 2015 VL 124 IS 1-3 BP 417 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s10533-015-0106-3 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CJ6RE UT WOS:000355620200027 ER PT J AU Olsen, AH Heaton, TH Hall, JF AF Olsen, Anna H. Heaton, Thomas H. Hall, John F. TI Characterizing Ground Motions That Collapse Steel Special Moment-Resisting Frames or Make Them Unrepairable SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; BUILDINGS; EPSILON AB This work applies 64,765 simulated seismic ground motions to four models each of 6- or 20-story, steel special moment-resisting frame buildings. We consider two vector intensity measures and categorize the building response as "collapsed," "unrepairable," or "repairable." We then propose regression models to predict the building responses from the intensity measures. The best models for "collapse" or "unrepairable" use peak ground displacement and velocity as intensity measures, and the best models predicting peak interstory drift ratio, given that the frame model is "repairable," use spectral acceleration and epsilon (epsilon) as intensity measures. The more flexible frame is always more likely than the stiffer frame to "collapse" or be "unrepairable." A frame with fracture-prone welds is substantially more susceptible to "collapse" or "unrepairable" damage than the equivalent frame with sound welds. The 20-story frames with fracture-prone welds are more vulnerable to P-delta instability and have a much higher probability of collapse than do any of the 6-story frames. C1 [Olsen, Anna H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Heaton, Thomas H.; Hall, John F.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Olsen, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); NSF [EAR-0106924]; USGS [02HQAG0008] FX This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1529. The building response simulations were run at the University of Southern California Center for High Performance Computing and Communications under an agreement with the SCEC Community Modeling Environment project. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 813 EP 840 DI 10.1193/102612EQS318M PG 28 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CJ6AS UT WOS:000355576000010 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Simmons, KR Groves, LT McGeehin, JP Schumann, RR Agenbroad, LD AF Muhs, Daniel R. Simmons, Kathleen R. Groves, Lindsey T. McGeehin, John P. Schumann, R. Randall Agenbroad, Larry D. TI Late Quaternary sea-level history and the antiquity of mammoths (Mammuthus exilis and Mammuthus columbi), Channel Islands National Park, California, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mammoths; California Channel Islands; Marine terraces; Sea-level history; Uranium-series dating; Radiocarbon dating ID SANTA ROSA ISLAND; LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; PLEISTOCENE MARINE TERRACES; NORTH-AMERICA; FIRE AREAS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PACIFIC COAST; CRUZ ISLAND; EXTINCTIONS; OCEAN AB Fossils of Columbian mammoths (Mammuthus columbi) and pygmy mammoths (Mammuthus exilis) have been reported from Channel Islands National Park, California. Most date to the last glacial period (Marine Isotope Stage [MIS] 2), but a tusk of M. exilis (or immature M. columbi) was found in the lowest marine terrace of Santa Rosa Island. Uranium-series dating of corals yielded ages from 83.8 +/- 0.6 ka to 78.6 +/- 0.5 ka, correlating the terrace with MIS 5.1, a time of relatively high sea level. Mammoths likely immigrated to the islands by swimming during the glacial periods MIS 6 (similar to 150 ka) or MIS 8 (similar to 250 ka), when sea level was low and the island-mainland distance was minimal, as during MIS 2. Earliest mammoth immigration to the islands likely occurred late enough in the Quaternary that uplift of the islands and the mainland decreased the swimming distance to a range that could be accomplished by mammoths. Results challenge the hypothesis that climate change, vegetation change, and decreased land area from sea-level rise were the causes of mammoth extinction at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary on the Channel Islands. Pre-MIS 2 mammoth populations would have experienced similar or even more dramatic changes at the MIS 6/5.5 transition. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Simmons, Kathleen R.; Schumann, R. Randall] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Groves, Lindsey T.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Sect Malacol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Agenbroad, Larry D.] Mammoth Site Hot Springs South Dakota Inc, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov OI Schumann, Randall/0000-0001-8158-6960 FU Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We dedicate this paper to the late Donald Lee Johnson (1934-2013), a great friend and pioneer in the study of mammoths on the California Channel Islands. The study was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and is a contribution to the "Geologic Records of High Sea Levels" Project. Sincere thanks go to the U.S. National Park Service, Channel Islands National Park, and Kate Faulkner in particular, for field access and logistical support. Mark Senning, Lulis Cuevas, Ed Smith, Sarah Chaney, and Dave Begun (all U.S. National Park Service) were knowledgeable and gracious hosts who assisted with field work during our many trips to Santa Rosa Island. DeAnna Laurel (Colorado State University) assisted with fossil collecting on Santa Rosa Island and Naomi Porat (Geological Survey of Israel) helped collect modern snails on San Miguel Island. George Jefferson (Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, California) kindly offered helpful comments about the antiquity of Mammuthus columbi. Many thanks go to James Dines and Howell Thomas, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, for identifying the sea otter remains from the mammoth-bearing marine deposit. Linda Heusser (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) very kindly provided digital files of her pollen data from Santa Barbara Basin, for which we express our thanks. Jeff Pigati, Gene Ellis, Buddy Schweig, and Keith Lucey (all U.S. Geological Survey) made helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, as did two anonymous reviewers and editors David Meltzer and Derek Booth, which we appreciate. Special thanks go to Justin Wilkins, Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, South Dakota, friend and colleague of our late co-author Larry Agenbroad. Because Larry passed away before the final revisions to this paper were made, Justin kindly read the entire manuscript to confirm that the ideas presented here are consistent with what he understood Larry's thoughts to be. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 122 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 83 IS 3 BP 502 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2015.03.001 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CJ8VD UT WOS:000355780700011 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Cornman, RS Jones, KL Fike, JA AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Cornman, R. Scott Jones, Kenneth L. Fike, Jennifer A. TI Genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirm that Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse are genetically well differentiated and that the Bi-State population is distinct SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus; Greater Sage-Grouse; Gunnison Sage-Grouse; Bi-State population; RAD-tag; SNPs; speciation; genetic diversity ID CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PRAIRIE-CHICKEN; GENE TREES; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; SOFTWARE; COLORADO; FITNESS AB Sage-grouse are iconic, declining inhabitants of sagebrush habitats in western North America, and their management depends on an understanding of genetic variation across the landscape. Two distinct species of sage-grouse have been recognized, Greater (Centrocercus urophasianus) and Gunnison sage-grouse (C. minimus), based on morphology, behavior, and variation at neutral genetic markers. A parapatric group of Greater Sage-Grouse along the border of California and Nevada ("Bi-State'') is also genetically distinct at the same neutral genetic markers, yet not different in behavior or morphology. Because delineating taxonomic boundaries and defining conservation units is often difficult in recently diverged taxa and can be further complicated by highly skewed mating systems, we took advantage of new genomic methods that improve our ability to characterize genetic variation at a much finer resolution. We identified thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among Gunnison, Greater, and Bi-State sage-grouse and used them to comprehensively examine levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among these groups. The pairwise multilocus fixation index (F-ST) was high (0.49) between Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse, and both principal coordinates analysis and model-based clustering grouped samples unequivocally by species. Standing genetic variation was lower within the Gunnison Sage-Grouse. The Bi-State population was also significantly differentiated from Greater Sage-Grouse, albeit more weakly (F-ST = 0.09), and genetic clustering results were consistent with reduced gene flow with Greater Sage-Grouse. No comparable genetic divisions were found within the Greater Sage-Grouse sample, which spanned the southern half of the range. Thus, we provide much stronger genetic evidence supporting the recognition of Gunnison Sage-Grouse as a distinct species with low genetic diversity. Further, our work confirms that the Bi-State population is differentiated from other Greater Sage-Grouse. The level of differentiation is much less than the divergence between Greater and Gunnison sage-grouse, supporting the idea that the Bi-State represents a unique population within the Greater Sage-Grouse. New genomic methods like the restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD-tag) method used here illustrate how increasing the number of markers and coverage of the genome can better characterize patterns of genetic variation, particularly among recently diverged taxa, providing vital information for conservation and management. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cornman, R. Scott] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Charleston, WV USA. [Jones, Kenneth L.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Aurora, CO USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM soyler@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This paper has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2015 VL 117 IS 2 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-174.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CJ2LG UT WOS:000355315500007 ER PT J AU Kissling, ML Gende, SM Lewis, SB Lukacs, PM AF Kissling, Michelle L. Gende, Scott M. Lewis, Stephen B. Lukacs, Paul M. TI Reproductive performance of Kittlitz's Murrelet in a glaciated landscape, Icy Bay, Alaska, USA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus; breeding propensity; glacier; Kittlitz's Murrelet; nesting success; population decline; reproduction ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; MARBLED-MURRELET; BRACHYRAMPHUS-BREVIROSTRIS; BREEDING CHRONOLOGY; POPULATION TREND; GLACIER BAY; SUCCESS; MARMORATUS; ATTACHMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a dispersed-nesting seabird endemic to Alaska and eastern Russia that may have experienced considerable population declines in some parts of its range in the past few decades. Poor reproduction has been suggested as the demographic bottleneck, yet there are no direct estimates of reproduction in a glaciated area where this species reaches its highest densities at sea during the breeding season. The lack of demographic information in glacial habitats has limited our ability to interpret population trends and to clarify whether the presence of glaciers affects reproductive performance. Between 2007 and 2012, we radio-tagged Kittlitz's Murrelets to measure breeding propensity, nesting success, and fecundity in the heavily glaciated landscape of Icy Bay, Alaska, USA. Of 156 radio-tagged birds, 20% were breeders, 68% were potential breeders, and 12% were nonbreeders. Radio-tagged males (29%) were more likely to be breeders compared to females (11%). Across all years, we located 34 Kittlitz's Murrelet nests, 38% of which were successful. Daily nest survival probability (+/- SE) was 0.979 +/- 0.005, with most nests failing during incubation; if extrapolated to a 55-day period from nest initiation to fledging, the nest survival rate was 0.307 +/- 0.083. Low fecundity was due largely to low breeding propensity, not low nesting success. For context, we also determined the breeding status of 14 radio-tagged Marbled Murrelets (B. marmoratus), most of which were breeders (79%) and successfully fledged young (69%). Our data demonstrated that Kittlitz's Murrelets were outperformed in all facets of reproduction compared to Marbled Murrelets. Low fecundity estimates for Kittlitz's Murrelet were consistent with a 10% per annum decline in Icy Bay between 2002 and 2012, suggesting that poor reproductive performance contributed to the local population decline of this species. C1 [Kissling, Michelle L.; Lewis, Stephen B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Gende, Scott M.] Natl Pk Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Lukacs, Paul M.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Kissling, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM michelle_kissling@fws.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX Funding for this study was provided primarily by the National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2015 VL 117 IS 2 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-67.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CJ2LG UT WOS:000355315500009 ER PT J AU Streby, HM McAllister, TL Peterson, SM Kramer, GR Lehman, JA Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. McAllister, Tara L. Peterson, Sean M. Kramer, Gunnar R. Lehman, Justin A. Andersen, David E. TI Minimizing marker mass and handling time when attaching radio-transmitters and geolocators to small songbirds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE attachment methods; geolocation; migration; telemetry; warbler; wildlife tracking ID GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS; SMALL PASSERINES; SURVIVAL; BIRDS; ATTACHMENT; MIGRATION; DISPERSAL; THRUSHES; IMPACTS; HARNESS AB Radio-transmitters and light-level geolocators are currently small enough for use on songbirds weighing <15 g. Various methods are used to attach these markers to larger songbirds, but with small birds it becomes especially important to minimize marker mass and bird handling time. Here, we offer modifications to harness materials and marker preparation for transmitters and geolocators, and we describe deployment methods that can be safely completed in 20-60 s per bird. We describe a 0.5-mm elastic sewing thread harness for radio-transmitters that allows nestlings, fledglings, and adults to be marked with the same harness size and reliably falls off to avoid poststudy effects. We also describe a 0.5-mm jewelry cord harness for geolocators that provides a firm fit for >1 yr. Neither harness type requires plastic or metal tubes, rings, or other attachment fixtures on the marker, nor do they require crimping beads, epoxy, scissors, or tying knots while handling birds. Both harnesses add 0.03 g to the mass of markers for small wood-warblers (Parulidae). This minimal additional mass is offset by trimming transmitter antennas or geolocator connection nodes, resulting in no net mass gain for transmitters and 0.02 g added for geolocators compared with conventional harness methods that add >0.40 g. We and others have used this transmitter attachment method with several small songbird species, with no effects on adult and fledgling behavior and survival. We have used this geolocator attachment method on 9-g wood-warblers with no effects on return rates, return dates, territory fidelity, and body mass. We hope that these improvements to the design and deployment of the leg-loop harness method will enable the safe and successful use of these markers, and eventually GPS and other tags, on similarly small songbirds. C1 [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McAllister, Tara L.; Peterson, Sean M.; Kramer, Gunnar R.; Lehman, Justin A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM henrystreby@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at the USGS Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [73, 87, 98]; National Science Foundation [1202729]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX These methods were developed during projects funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through Research Work Order Nos. 73, 87, and 98 at the USGS Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; by the National Science Foundation through Postdoctoral Research Fellowship No. 1202729 to H.M.S.; and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service in a grant administered by Indiana University of Pennsylvania. None of the funding agencies influenced the content of this manuscript. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 63 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2015 VL 117 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-182.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CJ2LG UT WOS:000355315500010 ER PT J AU Peterson, SM Streby, HM Kramer, GR Lehman, JA Buehler, DA Andersen, DE AF Peterson, Sean M. Streby, Henry M. Kramer, Gunnar R. Lehman, Justin A. Buehler, David A. Andersen, David E. TI Geolocators on Golden-winged Warblers do not affect migratory ecology SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE geologger; geolocation; light stalk; songbird; Vermivora chrysoptera ID RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; WINTERING AREAS; PASSERINES; SONGBIRDS; MIGRANTS; BIRDS AB The use of light-level geolocators is increasingly common for connecting breeding and nonbreeding sites and identifying migration routes in birds. Until recently, the mass and size of geolocators precluded their use on songbird species weighing <12 g. Reducing the mass of geolocators, such as by shortening or eliminating the light stalk, may make their deployment on small birds feasible, but may also inhibit their ability to receive light reliably, because small geolocators can be shaded by feathers. Here we report geolocator effects on migratory ecology of Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) in Minnesota and Tennessee. We also evaluated whether stalk length influenced precision of location data for birds on the breeding grounds. At 8-10 g, Golden-winged Warblers are the smallest birds to be outfitted with geolocators to date. We found no differences in return rates, inter-annual territory fidelity, or body mass between geolocator-marked individuals and a control group of color-banded individuals. We observed no difference in return rates or variation in estimated breeding locations between birds marked with stalked geolocators and those with stalkless geolocators. Our results suggest that some small songbirds can be safely marked with geolocators. Light stalks appear to be unnecessary for Golden-winged Warblers; the added mass and drag of stalks can probably be eliminated on other small songbirds. C1 [Peterson, Sean M.; Kramer, Gunnar R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lehman, Justin A.; Buehler, David A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Peterson, SM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sean.michael.peterson@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey at U.S. Geological Survey, Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [98]; National Science Foundation [1202729]; U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX These data were collected during a project funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order No. 98 at the U.S. Geological Survey, Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; by the National Science Foundation through Postdoctoral Research Fellowship No. 1202729 (H. Streby); and by the U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Service in a grant administered by Jeff Larkin (Indiana University of Pennsylvania). NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 32 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2015 VL 117 IS 2 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-200.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CJ2LG UT WOS:000355315500011 ER PT J AU O'Neel, S Hood, E Bidlack, AL Fleming, SW Arimitsu, ML Arendt, A Burgess, E Sergeant, CJ Beaudreau, AH Timm, K Hayward, GD Reynolds, JH Pyare, S AF O'Neel, Shad Hood, Eran Bidlack, Allison L. Fleming, Sean W. Arimitsu, Mayumi L. Arendt, Anthony Burgess, Evan Sergeant, Christopher J. Beaudreau, Anne H. Timm, Kristin Hayward, Gregory D. Reynolds, Joel H. Pyare, Sanjay TI lcefield-to-Ocean Linkages across the Northern Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest Ecosystem SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem response; climate change; glacier change; biogeochemistry; hydrology; marine ecology ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; BAY-NATIONAL-PARK; SEA-LEVEL RISE; GLACIER-BAY; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; TIDEWATER GLACIERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIME SHIFTS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; GULF AB Rates of glacier mass loss in the northern Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (PCTR) are among the highest on Earth, and changes in glacier volume and extent will affect the flow regime and chemistry of coastal rivers, as well as the nearshore marine ecosystem of the Gulf of Alaska. Here we synthesize physical, chemical and biological linkages that characterize the northern PCTR ecosystem, with particular emphasis on the potential impacts of glacier change in the coastal mountain ranges on the surface-water hydrology, biogeochemistry, coastal oceanography and aquatic ecology. We also evaluate the relative importance and interplay between interannual variability and long-term trends in key physical drivers and ecological responses. To advance our knowledge of the northern PCTR, we advocate for cross-disciplinary research bridging the icefield-to-ocean ecosystem that can be paired with long-term scientific records and designed to inform decisionmakers. C1 [O'Neel, Shad; Arimitsu, Mayumi L.; Burgess, Evan] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hood, Eran; Bidlack, Allison L.; Pyare, Sanjay] Univ Alaska Southeast, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK USA. Univ Alaska Southeast, Alaska Coastal Rainforest Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Fleming, Sean W.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Div Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Arendt, Anthony; Burgess, Evan] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Sergeant, Christopher J.] Southeast Alaska Inventory & Monitoring Network, Natl Pk Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Arimitsu, Mayumi L.; Beaudreau, Anne H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [Timm, Kristin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Scenarios Network Alaska & Arctic Planning, Juneau, AK USA. [Hayward, Gregory D.] US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Reynolds, Joel H.] Western Alaska Landscape Conservat Cooperat, Anchorage, AK USA. RP O'Neel, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. FU Department of Interior, Alaska Climate Science Center; US Geological Survey (USGS) Climate; Land Use Change Mission; US National Science Foundation [OIA-1208927, DEB-1145885] FX This article resulted from a workshop on glacier change in the PCTR that was funded by the Department of Interior, Alaska Climate Science Center and attended by all of the authors. Additional support for this work also came from the US Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Mission and the US National Science Foundation (through grants no. OIA-1208927 and no. DEB-1145885). Reviews from Christian Zimmerman, Vanessa von Biela, Sandy Milner and anonymous reviewers helped improve the focus and clarity of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of any government agencies. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2015 VL 65 IS 5 BP 499 EP 512 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv027 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CI4XD UT WOS:000354756300008 ER PT J AU Row, JR Oyler-McCance, SJ Fike, JA O'Donnell, MS Doherty, KE Aldridge, CL Bowen, ZH Fedy, BC AF Row, Jeffrey R. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Fike, Jennifer A. O'Donnell, Michael S. Doherty, Kevin E. Aldridge, Cameron L. Bowen, Zachary H. Fedy, Bradley C. TI Landscape characteristics influencing the genetic structure of greater sage-grouse within the stronghold of their range: a holistic modeling approach SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; functional connectivity; greater sage-grouse; landscape genetics; landscape resistance; mixed models; population genetics; Wyoming ID LINEAR MIXED-MODEL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; INTERSEASONAL MOVEMENTS; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; HABITAT SELECTION; CONNECTIVITY; DISPERSAL; FLOW; SCALE; FIDELITY AB Given the significance of animal dispersal to population dynamics and geographic variability, understanding how dispersal is impacted by landscape patterns has major ecological and conservation importance. Speaking to the importance of dispersal, the use of linear mixed models to compare genetic differentiation with pairwise resistance derived from landscape resistance surfaces has presented new opportunities to disentangle the menagerie of factors behind effective dispersal across a given landscape. Here, we combine these approaches with novel resistance surface parameterization to determine how the distribution of high- and low-quality seasonal habitat and individual landscape components shape patterns of gene flow for the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) across Wyoming. We found that pairwise resistance derived from the distribution of low-quality nesting and winter, but not summer, seasonal habitat had the strongest correlation with genetic differentiation. Although the patterns were not as strong as with habitat distribution, multivariate models with sagebrush cover and landscape ruggedness or forest cover and ruggedness similarly had a much stronger fit with genetic differentiation than an undifferentiated landscape. In most cases, landscape resistance surfaces transformed with 17.33-km-diameter moving windows were preferred, suggesting small-scale differences in habitat were unimportant at this large spatial extent. Despite the emergence of these overall patterns, there were differences in the selection of top models depending on the model selection criteria, suggesting research into the most appropriate criteria for landscape genetics is required. Overall, our results highlight the importance of differences in seasonal habitat preferences to patterns of gene flow and suggest the combination of habitat suitability modeling and linear mixed models with our resistance parameterization is a powerful approach to discerning the effects of landscape on gene flow. C1 [Row, Jeffrey R.; Fedy, Bradley C.] Univ Waterloo, Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.; O'Donnell, Michael S.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Bowen, Zachary H.] USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Doherty, Kevin E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Row, JR (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM jeff.row@me.com RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey; Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX Funding for the research was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1955 EP 1969 DI 10.1002/ece3.1479 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CI5QC UT WOS:000354812500003 PM 26045948 ER PT J AU Edwards, T Berry, KH Inman, RD Esque, TC Nussear, KE Jones, CA Culver, M AF Edwards, Taylor Berry, Kristin H. Inman, Richard D. Esque, Todd C. Nussear, Kenneth E. Jones, Cristina A. Culver, Melanie TI Testing Taxon Tenacity of Tortoises: evidence for a geographical selection gradient at a secondary contact zone SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cline; Gopherus; hybrid zone; Mojave Desert; secondary contact; Sonoran Desert ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; NORTH-AMERICAN DESERTS; SOUTH-CENTRAL ARIZONA; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HYBRID ZONES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; XEROBATES-AGASSIZI; GENETIC DIVERSITY; BAJA-CALIFORNIA AB We examined a secondary contact zone between two species of desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii and G.morafkai. The taxa were isolated from a common ancestor during the formation of the Colorado River (4-8mya) and are a classic example of allopatric speciation. However, an anomalous population of G.agassizii comes into secondary contact with G.morafkai east of the Colorado River in the Black Mountains of Arizona and provides an opportunity to examine reinforcement of species' boundaries under natural conditions. We sampled 234 tortoises representing G.agassizii in California (n=103), G.morafkai in Arizona (n=78), and 53 individuals of undetermined assignment in the contact zone including and surrounding the Black Mountains. We genotyped individuals for 25 STR loci and determined maternal lineage using mtDNA sequence data. We performed multilocus genetic clustering analyses and used multiple statistical methods to detect levels of hybridization. We tested hypotheses about habitat use between G.agassizii and G.morafkai in the region where they co-occur using habitat suitability models. Gopherus agassizii and G.morafkai maintain independent taxonomic identities likely due to ecological niche partitioning, and the maintenance of the hybrid zone is best described by a geographical selection gradient model. C1 [Edwards, Taylor; Jones, Cristina A.; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Edwards, Taylor] Univ Arizona, Genet Core, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Inman, Richard D.; Esque, Todd C.; Nussear, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Jones, Cristina A.] Nongame Wildlife Branch, Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Edwards, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Genet Core, 1657 E Helen St,Room 111, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM taylore@email.arizona.edu FU US Geological Survey; Arizona Research Laboratories FX Financial support was received from the US Geological Survey and from Arizona Research Laboratories. NR 119 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 5 IS 10 BP 2095 EP 2114 DI 10.1002/ece3.1500 PG 20 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CI5QC UT WOS:000354812500014 PM 26045959 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Bailey, SW Briggs, RD Curry, J Fernandez, IJ Fredriksen, G Goodale, CL Hazlett, PW Heine, PR Johnson, CE Larson, JT Lawrence, GB Kolka, RK Ouimet, R Pare, D Richter, DD Schirmer, CD Warby, RA AF Ross, D. S. Bailey, S. W. Briggs, R. D. Curry, J. Fernandez, I. J. Fredriksen, G. Goodale, C. L. Hazlett, P. W. Heine, P. R. Johnson, C. E. Larson, J. T. Lawrence, G. B. Kolka, R. K. Ouimet, R. Pare, D. Richter, D. deB. Schirmer, C. D. Warby, R. A. TI Inter-laboratory variation in the chemical analysis of acidic forest soil reference samples from eastern North America SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE aluminum; calcium; carbon; forest soils; inter-laboratory variability; laboratory methods; pH; reference soils; soil analysis; Special Feature: Uncertainty Analysis; uncertainty ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RED SPRUCE FORESTS; SUGAR MAPLE; EXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; CATION-EXCHANGE; ORGANIC SOILS; CALCIUM; CARBON; PH AB Long-term forest soil monitoring and research often requires a comparison of laboratory data generated at different times and in different laboratories. Quantifying the uncertainty associated with these analyses is necessary to assess temporal changes in soil properties. Forest soil chemical properties, and methods to measure these properties, often differ from agronomic and horticultural soils. Soil proficiency programs do not generally include forest soil samples that are highly acidic, high in extractable Al, low in extractable Ca and often high in carbon. To determine the uncertainty associated with specific analytical methods for forest soils, we collected and distributed samples from two soil horizons (Oa and Bs) to 15 laboratories in the eastern United States and Canada. Soil properties measured included total organic carbon and nitrogen, pH and exchangeable cations. Overall, results were consistent despite some differences in methodology. We calculated the median absolute deviation (MAD) for each measurement and considered the acceptable range to be the median +/- 2.5 x MAD. Variability among laboratories was usually as low as the typical variability within a laboratory. A few areas of concern include a lack of consistency in the measurement and expression of results on a dry weight basis, relatively high variability in the C/N ratio in the Bs horizon, challenges associated with determining exchangeable cations at concentrations near the lower reporting range of some laboratories and the operationally defined nature of aluminum extractability. Recommendations include a continuation of reference forest soil exchange programs to quantify the uncertainty associated with these analyses in conjunction with ongoing efforts to review and standardize laboratory methods. C1 [Ross, D. S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Bailey, S. W.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Hubbard Brook Expt Forest, North Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Briggs, R. D.; Schirmer, C. D.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Div Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Curry, J.; Hazlett, P. W.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON 6A 2E5, Canada. [Fernandez, I. J.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Fredriksen, G.; Goodale, C. L.] Cornell Univ, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Heine, P. R.; Richter, D. deB.] Duke Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Div, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Johnson, C. E.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Larson, J. T.; Kolka, R. K.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Lawrence, G. B.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Ouimet, R.] Minist Foret Faune & Parcs Quebec, Direct Rech Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. [Pare, D.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Warby, R. A.] Warby Grp LLC, North Attleboro, MA 02760 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dross@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; Johnson, Chris/A-6979-2011; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; Johnson, Chris/0000-0001-9079-813X; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X; Pare, David/0000-0003-0177-6428 NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2015 VL 6 IS 5 AR 73 DI 10.1890/ES14-00209.1 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI5FA UT WOS:000354777800002 ER PT J AU Olea, RA AF Olea, Ricardo A. TI CO2 retention values in enhanced oil recovery SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE Tertiary recovery; Carbon sequestration; Reservoir; Injection; Lithology ID SAN ANDRES UNIT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INJECTION; STORAGE; FIELD; PERFORMANCE; RESERVOIR AB Carbon. dioxide (CO2) retention is the fraction of the injected volume trapped in the subsurface as a result of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CO2 retention is determined by multiple factors acting generally in combinations varying according to the geology of the reservoir and the implementation of the recovery. Primarily, the factors are the amount of CO2 remaining in the pore space connected to injection wells but not to the producer; dissolution into the formation water, subjacent aquifer, or both; accumulation in the pore space vacated by produced oil; chemical reaction with the minerals in the matrix; and loss to a thief zone. Accurate modeling of retention is important in the evaluation of the economics of reservoir development and in the assessment of potential CO2 sequestration. This contribution deals with 23 units containing information relating retention rates to the amount of CO2 injected in EOR operations. For all but two units, the flooding is miscible and all but two units are in the United States. Compilation of values reported in the literature shows a tendency for higher values of retention for carbonate than for siliciclastic reservoirs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rolea@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 EI 1873-4715 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 129 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2015.03.012 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CI2MS UT WOS:000354582300003 ER PT J AU Rosenblatt, AE Nifong, JC Heithaus, MR Mazzotti, FJ Cherkiss, MS Jeffery, BM Elsey, RM Decker, RA Silliman, BR Guillette, LJ Lowers, RH Larson, JC AF Rosenblatt, Adam E. Nifong, James C. Heithaus, Michael R. Mazzotti, Frank J. Cherkiss, Michael S. Jeffery, Brian M. Elsey, Ruth M. Decker, Rachel A. Silliman, Brian R. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Lowers, Russell H. Larson, Justin C. TI Factors affecting individual foraging specialization and temporal diet stability across the range of a large "generalist" apex predator SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE American alligator; Alligator mississippiensis; Stomach content analysis; Stable isotope analysis; Food web ID NORTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA; NICHE WIDTH; AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; PREY SELECTION; KILLER WHALES; FOOD-HABITS; SEA OTTERS; PATTERNS; LAKE AB Individual niche specialization (INS) is increasingly recognized as an important component of ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, most studies that have investigated INS have focused on the effects of niche width and inter-and intraspecific competition on INS in small-bodied species for short time periods, with less attention paid to INS in large-bodied reptilian predators and the effects of available prey types on INS. We investigated the prevalence, causes, and consequences of INS in foraging behaviors across different populations of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), the dominant aquatic apex predator across the southeast US, using stomach contents and stable isotopes. Gut contents revealed that, over the short term, although alligator populations occupied wide ranges of the INS spectrum, general patterns were apparent. Alligator populations inhabiting lakes exhibited lower INS than coastal populations, likely driven by variation in habitat type and available prey types. Stable isotopes revealed that over longer time spans alligators exhibited remarkably consistent use of variable mixtures of carbon pools (e.g., marine and freshwater food webs). We conclude that INS in large-bodied reptilian predator populations is likely affected by variation in available prey types and habitat heterogeneity, and that INS should be incorporated into management strategies to efficiently meet intended goals. Also, ecological models, which typically do not consider behavioral variability, should include INS to increase model realism and applicability. C1 [Rosenblatt, Adam E.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Decker, Rachel A.] Florida Int Univ, Marine Sci Program, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Nifong, James C.; Silliman, Brian R.; Larson, Justin C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Heithaus, Michael R.] Florida Int Univ, Sch Environm Arts & Soc, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Jeffery, Brian M.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Cherkiss, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Elsey, Ruth M.] Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Grand Chenier, LA 70643 USA. [Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lowers, Russell H.] Kennedy Space Ctr, InoMed Hlth Applicat, Cape Canaveral, FL 32899 USA. RP Rosenblatt, AE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Marine Sci Program, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM arose007@fiu.edu FU National Science Foundation through Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program [DBI-0620409]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10NOS4200022 (09102903)]; Florida International University (FIU); University of Florida (UF); FIU FX We thank Michael Delany, Steven Gabrey, and Amanda Rice for generously allowing us to use their alligator stomach contents data. This research was made possible by funding from the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Grant No. DBI-0620409 and from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Award No. NA10NOS4200022 (09102903). Additional funding was provided by Florida International University (FIU) and the University of Florida (UF). A.E.R. was supported by an FIU Dissertation Year Fellowship during manuscript preparation. All animal care and use was performed in accordance with the UF Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) under Protocol No. 201005071, the FIU IACUC under Protocol No. 09-015 and 09-013, and the Kennedy Space Center IACUC under Protocol No. GRD-06-044. All field collections were performed under FFWCC Scientific Collecting Permit No. SPGS-10-44R and SPGS-10-43, Georgia Department of Natural Resources Scientific Collecting Permit No. 29-WBH-10-33, and Everglades National Park Permit No. 0024, 0025, and 0031. We thank all the volunteers who assisted with field work and data collection, especially Phil Matich, Kirk Gastrich, Katy Cameron, Greg Mineau, and Derek Burkholder. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the authors. All work carried out in this study comply with the current laws of the USA. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 15 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2015 VL 178 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-3201-6 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI4MY UT WOS:000354725200002 PM 25645268 ER PT J AU Smith, EAE Newsome, SD Estes, JA Tinker, MT AF Smith, Emma A. Elliott Newsome, Seth D. Estes, James A. Tinker, M. Tim TI The cost of reproduction: differential resource specialization in female and male California sea otters SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Individual diet specialization; Stable isotopes; Reproductive investment; Spatial ecology; Enhydra lutris ID TROPHIC DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; HOME-RANGE SIZE; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; DIET SPECIALIZATION; POPULATION-LEVEL; STABLE-ISOTOPES; PREDATION RISK; USE PATTERNS; HABITAT USE AB Intraspecific variation in behavior and diet can have important consequences for population and ecosystem dynamics. Here, we examine how differences in reproductive investment and spatial ecology influence individual diet specialization in male and female southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). We hypothesize that greater reproductive constraints and smaller home ranges of females lead to more pronounced intraspecific competition and increased specialization. We integrate stable carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope analysis of sea otter vibrissae with long-term observational studies of five subpopulations in California. We define individual diet specialization as low ratios of within-individual variation (WIC) to total population niche width (TNW). We compare isotopic and observational based metrics of WIC/TNW for males and females to data on population densities, and movement patterns using both general linear and linear mixed-effects models. Consistent with our hypothesis, increasing population density is associated with increased individual diet specialization by females but not by males. Additionally, we find the amount of coastline in a sea otter's home range positively related with individual dietary variability, with increased range span resulting in weaker specialization for both males and females. We attribute our results to sex-based differences in movement, with females needing to specialize in their small ranges to maximize energy gain, and posit that the paradigm of individual prey specialization in sea otters with increased intraspecific competition may be a pattern driven largely by females. Our work highlights a potentially broader role of sex in the mechanistic pressures promoting and maintaining diet specialization. C1 [Smith, Emma A. Elliott; Newsome, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Smith, EAE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM eaelliot@unm.edu NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 15 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2015 VL 178 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-3206-1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI4MY UT WOS:000354725200003 PM 25669450 ER PT J AU Newsome, SD Tinker, MT Gill, VA Hoyt, ZN Doroff, A Nichol, L Bodkin, JL AF Newsome, Seth D. Tinker, M. Tim Gill, Verena A. Hoyt, Zachary N. Doroff, Angela Nichol, Linda Bodkin, James L. TI The interaction of intraspecific competition and habitat on individual diet specialization: a near range-wide examination of sea otters SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Individual diet specialization; Habitat; Intraspecific competition; Stable isotopes ID BOTTOM PREY COMMUNITIES; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; NICHE WIDTH; FOOD LIMITATION; RESOURCE USE; POPULATION; ALASKA; ABUNDANCE; HETEROGENEITY; DIVERSITY AB The quantification of individuality is a common research theme in the fields of population, community, and evolutionary ecology. The potential for individuality to arise is likely context-dependent, and the influence of habitat characteristics on its prevalence has received less attention than intraspecific competition. We examined individual diet specialization in 16 sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations from southern California to the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. Because population histories, relative densities, and habitat characteristics vary widely among sites, we could examine the effects of intraspecific competition and habitat on the prevalence of individual diet specialization. Using observed diet data, we classified half of our sites as rocky substrate habitats and the other half containing a mixture of rocky and unconsolidated (soft) sediment substrates. We used stable isotope data to quantify population- and individual-level diet variation. Among rocky substrate sites, the slope [+/- standard error (SE)] of the positive significant relationship between the within-individual component (WIC) and total isotopic niche width (TINW) was shallow (0.23 +/- 0.07) and negatively correlated with sea otter density. In contrast, the slope of the positive WIC/TINW relationship for populations inhabiting mixed substrate habitats was much higher (0.53 +/- 0.14), suggesting a low degree of individuality, irrespective of intraspecific competition. Our results show that the potential for individuality to occur as a result of increasing intraspecific competition is context-dependent and that habitat characteristics, which ultimately influence prey diversity, relative abundance, and the range of skillsets required for efficient prey procurement, are important in determining when and where individual diet specialization occurs in nature. C1 [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Hoyt, Zachary N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Doroff, Angela] Kachemak Bay Res Reserve, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Nichol, Linda] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Bodkin, James L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Newsome, SD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM newsome@unm.edu NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 12 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2015 VL 178 IS 1 BP 45 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3223-8 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI4MY UT WOS:000354725200005 PM 25645269 ER PT J AU Novak, M Tinker, MT AF Novak, Mark Tinker, M. Tim TI Timescales alter the inferred strength and temporal consistency of intraspecific diet specialization SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Individual variation; Predation; Prey switching; Seasonal prey selection; Time-averaging ID RESOURCE USE; SEA OTTERS; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DARWINS FINCHES; DIVERSITY; LEVEL; COMPETITION; SIMILARITY; SELECTION AB Many populations consist of individuals that differ substantially in their diets. Quantification of the magnitude and temporal consistency of such intraspecific diet variation is needed to understand its importance, but the extent to which different approaches for doing so reflect instantaneous vs. time-aggregated measures of individual diets may bias inferences. We used direct observations of sea otter individuals (Enhydra lutris nereis) to assess how: (1) the timescale of sampling, (2) under-sampling, and (3) the incidence-vs. frequency-based consideration of prey species affect the inferred strength and consistency of intraspecific diet variation. Analyses of feeding observations aggregated over hourly to annual intervals revealed a substantial bias associated with time aggregation that decreases the inferred magnitude of specialization and increases the inferred consistency of individuals' diets. Time aggregation also made estimates of specialization more sensitive to the consideration of prey frequency, which decreased estimates relative to the use of prey incidence; time aggregation did not affect the extent to which under-sampling contributed to its overestimation. Our analyses demonstrate the importance of studying intraspecific diet variation with an explicit consideration of time and thereby suggest guidelines for future empirical efforts. Failure to consider time will likely produce inconsistent predictions regarding the effects of intraspecific variation on predator-prey interactions. C1 [Novak, Mark] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Novak, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mark.novak@science.oregonstate.edu RI Novak, Mark/E-2194-2012 FU Minerals Management Service; National Science Foundation [OCE-1041454] FX We are grateful to the many people who contributed to field research and data collection, especially C. Alfano, J. Ames, G. Bentall, J. Bodkin, B. Cummings, G. Esslinger, J. Estes, M. Harris, B. Hatfield, D. Jessup, A. Kage, M. Kenner, C. Lin, D. Monson, M. Murray, T. Nicholson, J. Perry, M. Staedler, J. Stewart, S. Wolrab and L. Yeates. We also thank D. Bolnick, P. Guimaraes, Jr., K. Laidre, J. Yee and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions made on the manuscript. Support for field work was provided by the US Geological Survey, the California Department of Fish and Game, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the Kenneth S. Norris Rancho Marina Reserve, and a grant from the Minerals Management Service. M. N. received partial support from National Science Foundation OCE-1041454. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2015 VL 178 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-3213-2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI4MY UT WOS:000354725200006 PM 25656583 ER PT J AU Dominguez, LA Yildirim, B Husker, AL Cochran, E Christensen, C Cruz-Atienza, VM Lawrence, JF AF Dominguez, Luis A. Yildirim, Battalgazi Husker, Allen L. Cochran, Elizabeth Christensen, Carl Cruz-Atienza, Victor M. Lawrence, Jesse F. TI The Red Atrapa Sismos (Quake-Catcher Network in Mexico): Assessing Performance during Large and Damaging Earthquakes SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GUERRERO SEISMIC GAP; STRONG GROUND MOTION; MEMS ACCELEROMETERS; NEW-ZEALAND; LOW-COST; CITY; PARAMETERS; MICHOACAN; DARFIELD; SPECTRA C1 [Dominguez, Luis A.] UNAM, Natl Sch Profess Studies, Michoacan 58190, Mexico. [Yildirim, Battalgazi; Lawrence, Jesse F.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Husker, Allen L.; Christensen, Carl; Cruz-Atienza, Victor M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Cochran, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Dominguez, LA (reprint author), UNAM, Natl Sch Profess Studies, Campus Morelia,Antigua Carretera Patzcuaro 8701, Michoacan 58190, Mexico. EM ladominguez@geofisica.unam.mx FU PAPIIT [IB101312-2]; UC MEXUSC-ONACYT [CN-09-315]; NSF [EAR-1027802] FX The authors would like to thank Susan Hough, Rob Graves, Raul Valenzuela Wong, and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. Furthermore, we want to thank dozens of volunteers and students that participate in the Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) program in Mexico for their support and invaluable assistance. Installation and maintenance of the array was funded by the Grants PAPIIT IB101312-2, UC MEXUSC-ONACYT CN-09-315, and NSF EAR-1027802. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 3 BP 848 EP 855 DI 10.1785/0220140171 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI3RX UT WOS:000354666200012 ER PT J AU Yildirim, B Cochran, ES Chung, A Christensen, CM Lawrence, JF AF Yildirim, Battalgazi Cochran, Elizabeth S. Chung, Angela Christensen, Carl M. Lawrence, Jesse F. TI On the Reliability of Quake-Catcher Network Earthquake Detections SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEMS ACCELEROMETERS C1 [Yildirim, Battalgazi; Chung, Angela; Christensen, Carl M.; Lawrence, Jesse F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cochran, Elizabeth S.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Yildirim, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM yildirim@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR 1027802] FX We thank the hundreds of Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) volunteer hosts and the field crew; without them this study would have never happened. The research was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Award Number EAR 1027802. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 3 BP 856 EP 869 DI 10.1785/0220140218 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI3RX UT WOS:000354666200013 ER PT J AU Malone, S Hall, K Vidale, J Simmons, L AF Malone, Stephen Hall, Kelley Vidale, John Simmons, Lynn TI How to Recognize a "Beast Quake" and a "Dance Quake" SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Malone, Stephen; Hall, Kelley; Vidale, John] Univ Washington, Pacific Northwest Seism Network, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Simmons, Lynn] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Malone, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Pacific Northwest Seism Network, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM smalone@um.edu; hallka01@um.edu; seismoguy@mac.com; simmonsl@um.edu RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1006 EP 1008 DI 10.1785/0220150053 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI3RX UT WOS:000354666200028 ER PT J AU Hannah, L Flint, L Syphard, AD Moritz, MA Buckley, LB McCullough, IM AF Hannah, Lee Flint, Lorraine Syphard, Alexandra D. Moritz, Max A. Buckley, Lauren B. McCullough, Ian M. TI Place and process in conservation planning for climate change: a reply to Keppel and Wardell-Johnson SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID DISPERSAL CORRIDORS; CAPE PROTEACEAE C1 [Hannah, Lee] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Flint, Lorraine] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA USA. [Moritz, Max A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Buckley, Lauren B.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McCullough, Ian M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hannah, L (reprint author), Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM lhannah@conseervation.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 234 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2015.03.008 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CI8TP UT WOS:000355044900002 PM 25837916 ER PT J AU Weinstein, SB Lafferty, KD AF Weinstein, Sara B. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI How do humans affect wildlife nematodes? SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE nematode; wildlife; spillover; introduced species; parasite ID CYSTIDICOLA-STIGMATURA LEIDY; HOST-PARASITE SYSTEMS; BAYLISASCARIS-PROCYONIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES; TRANSMITTED PARASITES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; RACCOON LATRINES; MENINGEAL WORM AB Human actions can affect wildlife and their nematode parasites. Species introductions and human-facilitated range expansions can create new host-parasite interactions. Novel hosts can introduce parasites and have the potential to both amplify and dilute nematode transmission. Furthermore, humans can alter existing nematode dynamics by changing host densities and the abiotic conditions that affect larval parasite survival. Human impacts on wildlife might impair parasites by reducing the abundance of their hosts; however, domestic animal production and complex life cycles can maintain transmission even when wildlife becomes rare. Although wildlife nematodes have many possible responses to human actions, understanding host and parasite natural history, and the mechanisms behind the changing disease dynamics might improve disease control in the few cases where nematode parasitism impacts wildlife. C1 [Weinstein, Sara B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Weinstein, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM sara.weinstein@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 EI 1471-5007 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 31 IS 5 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2015.01.005 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CI8UN UT WOS:000355047300007 PM 25680855 ER PT J AU Bodensteiner, BL Mitchell, TS Strickland, JT Janzen, FJ AF Bodensteiner, Brooke L. Mitchell, Timothy S. Strickland, Jeramie T. Janzen, Fredric J. TI Hydric conditions during incubation influence phenotypes of neonatal reptiles in the field SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE egg incubation; hydric conditions; phenotypic plasticity; reptile; soil moisture ID DEPENDENT SEX DETERMINATION; EMBRYONIC SNAPPING TURTLES; LIFE-HISTORY STAGE; NEST-SITE CHOICE; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PAINTED TURTLES; WATER RELATIONS; HATCHLING TURTLES; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; BODY-SIZE AB Phenotypic variation is strongly impacted by environmental conditions experienced during development. Substantial laboratory research has shown that reptiles with flexible-shelled eggs are particularly sensitive to hydric conditions, yet research on nests in the wild is sparse. In this 2-year field experiment, we explore the influence of hydric conditions during incubation on phenotypic traits of hatchling painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Using a split-clutch design, we created two artificial nests adjacent to each maternally selected nest site. Half the eggs incubated in a nest that received regular supplemental watering, while the control nest was exposed to natural precipitation only. Our results suggest that the influence of the hydric environment on developing reptilian embryos is context dependent. Supplemental water applied to nests in a drier than normal season elicited the expected biotic responses, based on laboratory experiments. However, when the soil surrounding C.picta eggs was already highly moist, the additional water from supplemental application effectively stunted embryonic development. Our experiment confirms that hydric conditions of the soil during incubation in the wild can substantially influence phenotypic variation of reptiles with flexible-shelled eggs. Additionally, our experiment highlights the importance of complex interactions in the field that are often unexplored in laboratory experiments, reiterating the importance of validating laboratory work with field experiments. C1 [Bodensteiner, Brooke L.; Mitchell, Timothy S.; Janzen, Fredric J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Strickland, Jeramie T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River Natl Wildlife & Fish Refu, Thomson, IL 61285 USA. RP Bodensteiner, BL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bodenbro@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation [LTREB DEB-0640932, DEB-1242510] FX We thank M. Barazowski, N. Bradley, J. Fuentes and C. Hinsley for assistance in the field; D. Warner for advice with experimental design; and A. Durso, J. Iverson, J. McGlashan, S. Mitchell, R. Telemeco and members of the Janzen Lab for comments that improved this manuscript. Thanks to the Army Corps of Engineers for ongoing access to the field site (permit #NH10.0073), and the Iowa State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee for continued approval of our research (protocol # 12-03-5570-J). All research was conducted under permits from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (permit # 32576-0A022). This research was supported primarily by National Science Foundation grants LTREB DEB-0640932 and DEB-1242510 (and REU supplements) to F. J. Janzen. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 29 IS 5 BP 710 EP 717 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12382 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI3IW UT WOS:000354642400013 ER PT J AU Xu, ZX Hu, BX Davis, H Cao, JH AF Xu, Zexuan Hu, Bill X. Davis, Hal Cao, Jianhua TI Simulating long term nitrate-N contamination processes in the Woodville Karst Plain using CFPv2 with UMT3D SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Karst; Conduit Flow Process (CFP); Solute transport; Nitrate-N; Woodville Karst Plain (WKP) ID GROUNDWATER NITRATE; TRANSPORT MODEL; FLOW; CONTINUUM; AQUIFERS; WATER; EVOLUTION; LIMESTONE; CONDUIT; SYSTEMS AB A research version of CFP (Conduit Flow Process) code, CFPv2, is applied with UMT3D to simulate long term (1966-2018) nitrate-N contamination transport processes in the Woodville Karst Plain (WIT), northern Florida, where karst conduit networks are well developed. Groundwater flow in the WKP limestone porous matrix is simulated using Darcy's law, and non-laminar flow within conduits is described by Darcy-Weisbach equation. Nitrate-N conduit transport and advective exchanges of groundwater and nitrate-N between conduits and limestone matrix are calculated by CFPv2 and UMT3D, instead of MODFLOW and MT3DMS since Reynolds numbers for flows in conduits are over the criteria of laminar flow. The developed numerical model is calibrated by field observations and then applied to simulate nitrate-N transport in the WKP. The numerical simulations verify the theories that two sprayfields near the City of Tallahassee and septic tanks in the rural area are major nitrate-N point sources within the WKP. High nitrate-N concentrations occur near Lost Creek Sink, and conduits of Wakulla Spring and Spring Creek Springs where aquifer discharge groundwater. Conduit networks control nitrate-N transport and regional contaminant distributions in the WKP, as nitrate-N is transported through conduits rapidly and spread over large areas. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Zexuan; Hu, Bill X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmosphere Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Hu, Bill X.] China Univ Geosci, Sch Water Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Davis, Hal] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Cao, Jianhua] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Karst Geol, Guilin, Peoples R China. RP Hu, BX (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmosphere Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM bill.x.hu@gmail.com RI Xu, Zexuan/I-3106-2016 OI Xu, Zexuan/0000-0001-9534-7370 NR 62 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 524 BP 72 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.024 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CI1KO UT WOS:000354503300007 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Clark, ML Schmidt, TS Holloway, JM McDougal, RR AF Bern, Carleton R. Clark, Melanie L. Schmidt, Travis S. Holloway, JoAnn M. McDougal, Robert R. TI Soil disturbance as a driver of increased stream salinity in a semiarid watershed undergoing energy development SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coalbed methane; Discharge; Hydrograph; Oil and gas development; Marine shale; Total dissolved solids ID NATURAL-GAS DEVELOPMENT; SALT ACCUMULATION; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; QUALITY; SALINIZATION; IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; COLORADO; IMPACTS AB Salinization is a global threat to the quality of streams and rivers, but it can have many causes. Oil and gas development were investigated as one of several potential causes of changes in the salinity of Muddy Creek, which drains 2470 km(2) of mostly public land in Wyoming, U.S.A. Stream discharge and salinity vary with seasonal snowmelt and define a primary salinity-discharge relationship. Salinity, measured by specific conductance, increased substantially in 2009 and was 53-71% higher at low discharge and 33-34% higher at high discharge for the-years 2009-2012 compared to 2005-2008. Short-term processes (e.g., flushing of efflorescent salts) cause within-year deviations from the primary relation but do not obscure the overall increase in salinity. Dissolved elements associated with increased salinity include calcium, magnesium, and sulfate, a composition that points to native soil salts derived from marine shales as a likely source. Potential causes of the salinity increase were evaluated for consistency by using measured patterns in stream chemistry, slope of the salinity-discharge relationship, and inter-annual timing of the salinity increase. Potential causes that were inconsistent with one or more of those criteria included effects from precipitation, evapotranspiration, reservoirs, grazing, irrigation return flow, groundwater discharge, discharge of energy co-produced waters, and stream habitat restoration. In contrast, surface disturbance of naturally salt-rich soil by oil and gas development activities, such as pipeline, road, and well pad construction, is a reasonable candidate for explaining the salinity increase. As development continues to expand in semiarid lands worldwide, the potential for soil disturbance to increase stream salinity should be considered, particularly where soils host substantial quantities of native salts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bern, Carleton R.; Holloway, JoAnn M.; McDougal, Robert R.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clark, Melanie L.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Montana Water Sci Ctr, Cheyenne, WY 82007 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Development of Mineral Environmental Assessment Methodologies Project. We thank Jennifer Fleuret and Kelly Owens of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Dawn Arnell and Larry Hicks of the Little Snake River Conservation District for assistance through discussions, loan of equipment, and assistance in the field. Stream gaging and water quality analyses were supported by the BLM and the Wyoming Landscapes Conservation Initiative. The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality contributed to water quality analyses during early monitoring. David Anning, Michael Sweat and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 524 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.020 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CI1KO UT WOS:000354503300011 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Flint, AL O'Leary, DR Nishikawa, T Martin, P Johnson, RD Clark, DA AF Izbicki, John A. Flint, Alan L. O'Leary, David R. Nishikawa, Tracy Martin, Peter Johnson, Russell D. Clark, Dennis A. TI Storage and mobilization of natural and septic nitrate in thick unsaturated zones, California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Isotopes; Unsaturated zone; Modeling; Bacteria; Denitrification ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; CONTAMINATION SOURCES; MOJAVE DESERT; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; OXYGEN AB Mobilization of natural and septic nitrate from the unsaturated zone as a result of managed aquifer recharge has degraded water quality from public-supply wells near Yucca Valley in the western Mojave Desert, California. The effect of nitrate storage and potential for denitrification in the unsaturated zone to mitigate increasing nitrate concentrations were investigated. Storage of water extractable nitrate in unsaturated alluvium up to 160 meters (m) thick, ranged from 420 to 6600 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) as nitrogen (N) beneath undeveloped sites, from 6100 to 9200 kg/ha as N beneath unsewered sites. Nitrate reducing and denitrifying bacteria were less abundant under undeveloped sites and more abundant under unsewered sites; however, delta N-15-NO3, and delta O-18-NO3 data show only about 5-10% denitrification of septic nitrate in most samples although as much as 40% denitrification occurred in some parts the unsaturated zone and near the top of the water table. Storage of nitrate in thick unsaturated zones and dilution with low-nitrate groundwater are the primary attenuation mechanisms for nitrate from septic discharges in the study area. Numerical simulations of unsaturated flow, using the computer program TOUGH2, showed septic effluent movement through the unsaturated zone increased as the number and density of the septic tanks increased, and decreased with increased layering, and increased slope of layers, within the unsaturated zone. Managing housing density can delay arrival of septic discharges at the water table, especially in layered unsaturated alluvium, allowing time for development of strategies to address future water-quality issues. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Izbicki, John A.; Flint, Alan L.; O'Leary, David R.; Nishikawa, Tracy; Martin, Peter; Johnson, Russell D.; Clark, Dennis A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov FU Joshua Basin Water District of Joshua Tree, California; Hi-Desert Water District of Yucca Valley, California; U.S. Geological Survey; Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board FX This work was funded cooperatively by the Joshua Basin Water District of Joshua Tree, California, the Hi-Desert Water District of Yucca Valley, California, and the U.S. Geological Survey, with additional support from the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board. The authors thank Marina West and Joseph Guzetta formerly of Joshua Basin Water District, Joshua Tree, Calif.; Martha Ostrander formerly of Hi-Desert Water District, Yucca Valley, Calif.; Christy Hunter of the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, Victorville, Calif.; and the A&H Dairy of El Mirage, Calif. for their assistance during this study. The authors also thank land owners, who granted permission to allow access to their property for instrument installation and sample collection. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 524 BP 147 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.005 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CI1KO UT WOS:000354503300013 ER PT J AU Miller, DAW Bailey, LL Grant, EHC McClintock, BT Weir, LA Simons, TR AF Miller, David A. W. Bailey, Larissa L. Grant, Evan H. Campbell McClintock, Brett T. Weir, Linda A. Simons, Theodore R. TI Performance of species occurrence estimators when basic assumptions are not met: a test using field data where true occupancy status is known SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE detection; occupancy; sensitivity; species distribution modelling; species misidentification; species occurrence; specificity ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; IMPERFECT DETECTION; POINT COUNTS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; OBSERVATION ERROR; DYNAMICS; BIAS; SOFTWARE; HABITAT; DESIGN AB Populations are rarely censused. Instead, observations are subject to incomplete detection, misclassification and detection heterogeneity that result from human and environmental constraints. Though numerous methods have been developed to deal with observational uncertainty, validation under field conditions is rare because truth is rarely known in these cases. We present the most comprehensive test of occupancy estimation methods to date, using more than 33000 auditory call observations collected under standard field conditions and where the true occupancy status of sites was known. Basic occupancy estimation approaches were biased when two key assumptions were not met: that no false positives occur and that no unexplained heterogeneity in detection parameters occurs. The greatest bias occurred for dynamic parameters (i.e. local colonization and extinction), and in many cases, the degree of inaccuracy would render results largely useless. We examined three approaches to increase adherence or relax these assumptions: modifying the sampling design, employing estimators that account for false-positive detections and using covariates to account for site-level heterogeneity in both false-negative and false-positive detection probabilities. We demonstrate that bias can be substantially reduced by modifications to sampling methods and by using estimators that simultaneously account for false-positive detections and site-level covariates to explain heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate that even small probabilities of misidentification and among-site detection heterogeneity can have severe effects on estimator reliability if ignored. We challenge researchers to place greater attention on both heterogeneity and false positives when designing and analysing occupancy studies. We provide 9 specific recommendations for the design, implementation and analysis of occupancy studies to better meet this challenge. C1 [Miller, David A. W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Weir, Linda A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Miller, DAW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dxm84@psu.edu RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; Miller, David/E-4492-2012; OI Weir, Linda/0000-0003-1376-5566 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 6 IS 5 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12342 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI1YI UT WOS:000354540700007 ER PT J AU Takekawa, JY Heath, SR Iverson, SA Gaidet, N Cappelle, J Dodman, T Hagemeijer, W Eldridge, WD Petrie, SA Yarris, GS Manu, S Olsen, GH Prosser, DJ Spragens, KA Douglas, DC Newman, SH AF Takekawa, John Y. Heath, Shane R. Iverson, Samuel A. Gaidet, Nicolas Cappelle, Julien Dodman, Tim Hagemeijer, Ward Eldridge, William D. Petrie, Scott A. Yarris, Gregory S. Manu, Shiiwua Olsen, Glenn H. Prosser, Diann J. Spragens, Kyle A. Douglas, David C. Newman, Scott H. TI Movement ecology of five Afrotropical waterfowl species from Malawi, Mali and Nigeria SO OSTRICH LA English DT Article DE migration; nomadism; Sahel; satellite telemetry; sub-Saharan; waterfowl; wetlands ID FACED WHISTLING DUCKS; TEAL ANAS-GRACILIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTH-AFRICA; LAND-USE; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; FLOODPLAIN REHABILITATION; RANGE CHANGES; WEST-AFRICA; HPAI H5N1 AB Habitat availability for Afrotropical waterbirds is highly dynamic with unpredictable rainfall patterns and ephemeral wetlands resulting in diverse movement strategies among different species. Movement strategies among waterfowl encompass resident, regional and intercontinental migrants, but little quantitative information exists on their specific movement patterns. We studied the movement ecology of five Afrotropical waterfowl species marked with satellite transmitters in Malawi, Mali and Nigeria. Resident species, including White-faced Whistling Ducks Dendrocygna viduata, Fulvous Whistling Ducks Dendrocygna bicolor and Spur-winged Geese Plectropterus gambensis, remained sedentary during the rainy season and only flew limited distances during other months. In contrast, Knob-billed Ducks Sarkidiornis melanotos made short regional movements >50 km in all months and showed little site fidelity to previously used habitats in subsequent years. Garganey Anas quequedula followed an intercontinental strategy and made long-distance jumps across the Sahara and Mediterranean to their Eurasian breeding grounds. Most species flew farthest during the dry season, as mean daily movements varied from 1.5 to 14.2 km and was greatest in the winter months (January-March). Total distance moved varied from 9.5 km for White-faced Whistling Ducks (October-December) to 45.6 km for Knob-billed Ducks (April-June). Nomadic behaviour by Knob-billed Ducks was evidenced by long exploratory flights, but small mean daily movements suggested that they were relying on previous experience. Improving our understanding of these movement strategies increases our ability to assess connectivity of wetland resources that support waterfowl throughout their annual cycle and focuses conservation efforts on their most important habitats. C1 [Takekawa, John Y.; Iverson, Samuel A.; Yarris, Gregory S.; Spragens, Kyle A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. [Heath, Shane R.; Olsen, Glenn H.; Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Gaidet, Nicolas; Cappelle, Julien] CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, Montpellier, France. [Cappelle, Julien] Intitut Pasteur Cambodge, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Dodman, Tim] Hundland, Orkney, England. [Hagemeijer, Ward] Wetlands Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Eldridge, William D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK USA. [Petrie, Scott A.] Long Point Waterfowl, Port Rowan, ON, Canada. [Manu, Shiiwua] AP Levantis Ornithol Res Inst, Jos, Nigeria. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Newman, Scott H.] ECTAD, Food & Agr Org United Nat, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov RI Gaidet, Niccolas/H-8122-2013; Dey, Kamalesh/E-6568-2017; OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 FU CIRAD; US Geological Survey FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of Philip Hockey in recognition of his influential research on the conservation of waterbirds. This study was supported by contributions from the Governments of the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, France and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the FAO, CIRAD and the US Geological Survey. We thank national and local agencies in the participating countries for permission to conduct the fieldwork. We thank Paul Marban, Mark Herzog and anonymous reviewers for improving earlier drafts, and we are grateful to the numerous ornithologists, veterinarians and volunteers who assisted and participated in field operations. We thank 'Le zoo du Lunaret', Montpellier, France, for hosting the captive study and providing assistance in the surveillance of the captive ducks. We are grateful to numerous cooperators including: Pierre Poilecot (CIRAD); Mamadou Samake (Direction Nationale de la Conservation de la Nature); Bakary Kone (Wetlands International); John Wilson and Doug Harebottle (University of Cape Town); Georgina Mwansat, Delmo Mannok, Longtong Turshak and Onyeche Adah (APLORI); Ulf Tolofson, Andreas Eriksson, Gabriel Norevik and Per Osterman (Ottenby Bird Observatory); P Micheloni and G Rossi (L'Instituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica); Dr Chimera and Dr Chinombo (Malawi Agricultural Ministry); Dr Bhima and Mr Sefu (Malawi National Parks); Mr Jussoh, Mr Langdon-Morris, Evelyn Yeye and Timothy Obi (FAO); and W Perry (US Geological Survey). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government or FAO. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the FAO. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0030-6525 EI 1727-947X J9 OSTRICH JI Ostrich PD MAY PY 2015 VL 86 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.2989/00306525.2015.1033773 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CI2JB UT WOS:000354571500017 ER PT J AU Bisanzio, D McMillan, JR Barreto, JG Blitvich, BJ Mead, DG O'Connor, J Kitron, U AF Bisanzio, Donal McMillan, Joseph R. Barreto, Josafa Goncalves Blitvich, Bradley J. Mead, Daniel G. O'Connor, Josh Kitron, Uriel TI Evidence for West Nile Virus Spillover into the Squirrel Population in Atlanta, Georgia SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Arbovirus(es); Rodents; Culex; Gray squirrels; Zoonosis; West Nile Virus ID CULEX-PIPIENS DIPTERA; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SCIURUS-CAROLINENSIS; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; TREE SQUIRRELS; NORTH-AMERICA; WILD MAMMALS; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS AB Background: In the United States, spillover of West Nile virus (WNV) into wild mammal populations has been reported since the introduction of the virus into the New World in 1999. Eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) exhibit a high seroprevalence for WNV in urban settings where high virus circulation and human spillover have been reported. In Atlanta, Georgia, human cases of WNV are uncommon despite high infection rates in birds and mosquitoes. In this study, we evaluated WNV exposure of eastern gray squirrels in a WNV hot spot in Atlanta. Materials and Methods: Gray squirrels were live-trapped in Grant Park, Atlanta, during July-October, 2012, and a census was conducted to estimate squirrel density in the study site. Sera from trapped animals were tested for circulating virus-by-virus isolation in cell culture and for WNV-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque reduction neutralization test. Mosquitoes were collected at the same location and tested for virus isolation. Results: Among the 69 collected squirrels, 25 (36.2%) tested positive for WNV antibodies, although none were viremic. Seroprevalence was lower in juveniles (18.8%) than in adults (37.5%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Gender and squirrel density had no effect on seroprevalence. Seasonality of squirrel seroprevalence and of mosquito infection were significantly associated, both peaking in August. No difference in squirrel exposure was detected across the collection sites. Conclusions: We report a high degree of WNV exposure in squirrels in Grant Park that was correlated with seasonality of mosquito infection. The detection of antibodies in juveniles suggests that circulation of WNV in the surveyed population is ongoing. Eastern gray squirrels may be suitable indicators for virus amplification and for risk of human spillover on a local scale in urban settings. C1 [Bisanzio, Donal; McMillan, Joseph R.; Kitron, Uriel] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Barreto, Josafa Goncalves] Lab Dermatoimunol UEPA UFPA Marcello Candia, Marituba, Para, Brazil. [Barreto, Josafa Goncalves] Fed Univ Para, Campus Castanhal, Para, Brazil. [Blitvich, Bradley J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA USA. [Mead, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. [O'Connor, Josh] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fire Management Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bisanzio, D (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Math & Sci Bldg,400 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM donal.bisanzio@gmail.com RI Barreto, Josafa/F-9038-2015; OI Barreto, Josafa/0000-0003-0817-3486; Bisanzio, Donal/0000-0002-7832-2291 FU Emory University; Iowa State University FX This research was funded by research support from Emory University to U.K. and to E.N.V.S. students. Plaque-reduction neutralization tests were performed using intramural funds provided by Iowa State University. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1089/vbz.2014.1734 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CI3XV UT WOS:000354681600003 PM 25988439 ER PT J AU Drenth, BJ Anderson, RR Schulz, KJ Feinberg, JM Chandler, VW Cannon, WF AF Drenth, Benjamin J. Anderson, Raymond R. Schulz, Klaus J. Feinberg, Joshua M. Chandler, Val W. Cannon, William F. TI What lies beneath: geophysical mapping of a concealed Precambrian intrusive complex along the Iowa-Minnesota border SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SOUTHEASTERN FINLAND; COLDWELL COMPLEX; NORTH-AMERICA; U-PB; GRAVITY; RIFT; GEOCHRONOLOGY; BOUNDARIES; CRUSTAL AB Large-amplitude gravity and magnetic highs over northeast Iowa are interpreted to reflect a buried intrusive complex composed of mafic-ultramafic rocks, the northeast Iowa intrusive complex (NEIIC), intruding Yavapai province (1.8-1.72 Ga) rocks. The age of the complex is unproven, although it has been considered to be Keweenawan (similar to 1.1 Ga). Because only four boreholes reach the complex, which is covered by 200-700 m of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, geophysical methods are critical to developing a better understanding of the nature and mineral resource potential of the NEIIC. Lithologic and cross-cutting relations interpreted from high-resolution aeromagnetic and airborne gravity gradient data are presented in the form of a preliminary geologic map of the basement Precambrian rocks. Numerous magnetic anomalies are coincident with airborne gravity gradient (AGG) highs, indicating widespread strongly magnetized and dense rocks of likely mafic-ultramafic composition. A Yavapai-age metagabbro unit is interpreted to be part of a layered intrusion with subvertical dip. Another presumed Yavapai unit has low density and weak magnetization, observations consistent with felsic plutons. Northeast-trending, linear magnetic lows are interpreted to reflect reversely magnetized diabase dikes and have properties consistent with Keweenawan rocks. The interpreted dikes are cut in places by normally magnetized mafic-ultramafic rocks, suggesting that the latter represent younger Keweenawan rocks. Distinctive horseshoe-shaped magnetic and AGG highs correspond with a known gabbro, and surround rocks with weaker magnetization and lower density. Here, informally called the Decorah complex, the source body has notable geophysical similarities to Keweenawan alkaline ring complexes, such as the Coldwell and Killala Lake complexes, and Mesoproterozoic anorogenic complexes, such as the Kiglapait, Hettasch, and Voisey's Bay intrusions in Labrador. Results presented here suggest that much of the NEIIC is composed of such complexes, and broadly speaking, may be a discontinuous group of several intrusive bodies. Most units are cut by suspected northwest-trending faults imaged as magnetic lineaments, and one produces apparent sinistral fault separation of a dike in the eastern part of the survey area. The location, trend, and apparent sinistral sense of motion are consistent with the suspected faults being part of the Belle Plaine fault zone, a complex transform fault zone within the Midcontinent rift system that is here proposed to correspond with a major structural discontinuity. C1 [Drenth, Benjamin J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anderson, Raymond R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA USA. [Schulz, Klaus J.; Cannon, William F.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Mineral & Environm Resource Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Feinberg, Joshua M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Rock Magnetism, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Chandler, Val W.] Minnesota Geol Survey, St Paul, MN USA. RP Drenth, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bdrenth@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX Mikki Johnson assisted with cartography and preparation of Fig. 5. Randy Van Schmus, two anonymous reviewers, and Tom Judkins provided helpful reviews. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP 279 EP 293 DI 10.1139/cjes-2014-0178 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CH6CA UT WOS:000354122200001 ER PT J AU Ip, HS Torchetti, MK Crespo, R Kohrs, P DeBruyn, P Mansfield, KG Baszler, T Badcoe, L Bodenstein, B Shearn-Bochsler, V Killian, ML Pedersen, JC Hines, N Gidlewski, T DeLiberto, T Sleeman, JM AF Ip, Hon S. Torchetti, Mia Kim Crespo, Rocio Kohrs, Paul DeBruyn, Paul Mansfield, Kristin G. Baszler, Timothy Badcoe, Lyndon Bodenstein, Barbara Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie Killian, Mary Lea Pedersen, Janice C. Hines, Nichole Gidlewski, Thomas DeLiberto, Thomas Sleeman, Jonathan M. TI Novel Eurasian Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5 Viruses in Wild Birds, Washington, USA, 2014 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-KOREA AB Novel Eurasian lineage avian influenza A(H5N8) virus has spread rapidly and globally since January 2014. In December 2014, H5N8 and reassortant H5N2 viruses were detected in wild birds in Washington, USA, and subsequently in backyard birds. When they infect commercial poultry, these highly pathogenic viruses pose substantial trade issues. C1 [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Wildlife Dis Diagnost Labs Branch, Diagnost Virol Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Bodenstein, Barbara; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie; Sleeman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Torchetti, Mia Kim; Killian, Mary Lea; Pedersen, Janice C.; Hines, Nichole] USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Crespo, Rocio; Baszler, Timothy] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kohrs, Paul; Baszler, Timothy; Badcoe, Lyndon] Washington Dept Agr, Olympia, WA USA. [DeBruyn, Paul; Mansfield, Kristin G.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Gidlewski, Thomas; DeLiberto, Thomas] USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Torchetti, MK (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS Natl Serv Vet Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Mia.Kim.Torchetti@aphis.usda.gov NR 12 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 21 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2015 VL 21 IS 5 BP 886 EP 890 DI 10.3201/eid2105.142020 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CG9BW UT WOS:000353610400025 PM 25898265 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Pool, DR Leake, SA AF Tillman, F. D. Pool, D. R. Leake, S. A. TI The Effect of Modeled Recharge Distribution on Simulated Groundwater Availability and Capture SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article AB Simulating groundwater flow in basin-fill aquifers of the semiarid southwestern United States commonly requires decisions about how to distribute aquifer recharge. Precipitation can recharge basin-fill aquifers by direct infiltration and transport through faults and fractures in the high-elevation areas, by flowing overland through high-elevation areas to infiltrate at basin-fill margins along mountain fronts, by flowing overland to infiltrate along ephemeral channels that often traverse basins in the area, or by some combination of these processes. The importance of accurately simulating recharge distributions is a current topic of discussion among hydrologists and water managers in the region, but no comparative study has been performed to analyze the effects of different recharge distributions on groundwater simulations. This study investigates the importance of the distribution of aquifer recharge in simulating regional groundwater flow in basin-fill aquifers by calibrating a groundwater-flow model to four different recharge distributions, all with the same total amount of recharge. Similarities are seen in results from steady-state models for optimized hydraulic conductivity values, fit of simulated to observed hydraulic heads, and composite scaled sensitivities of conductivity parameter zones. Transient simulations with hypothetical storage properties and pumping rates produce similar capture rates and storage change results, but differences are noted in the rate of drawdown at some well locations owing to the differences in optimized hydraulic conductivity. Depending on whether the purpose of the groundwater model is to simulate changes in groundwater levels or changes in storage and capture, the distribution of aquifer recharge may or may not be of primary importance. C1 [Tillman, F. D.; Pool, D. R.; Leake, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520N Pk Ave,Ste 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X FU Mohave County; City of Kingman, Arizona; Arizona Department of Water Resources FX Mohave County and City of Kingman, Arizona, and the Arizona Department of Water Resources provided support for this project. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 378 EP 388 DI 10.1111/gwat.12210 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CH6CQ UT WOS:000354123800006 PM 24841767 ER PT J AU Hughes, JD Langevin, CD White, JT AF Hughes, J. D. Langevin, C. D. White, J. T. TI MODFLOW-Based Coupled Surface Water Routing and Groundwater-Flow Simulation SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID OVERLAND-FLOW; MODEL AB In this paper, we present a flexible approach for simulating one- and two-dimensional routing of surface water using a numerical surface water routing (SWR) code implicitly coupled to the groundwater-flow process in MODFLOW. Surface water routing in SWR can be simulated using a diffusive-wave approximation of the Saint-Venant equations and/or a simplified level-pool approach. SWR can account for surface water flow controlled by backwater conditions caused by small water-surface gradients or surface water control structures. A number of typical surface water control structures, such as culverts, weirs, and gates, can be represented, and it is possible to implement operational rules to manage surface water stages and streamflow. The nonlinear system of surface water flow equations formulated in SWR is solved by using Newton methods and direct or iterative solvers. SWR was tested by simulating the (1) Lal axisymmetric overland flow, (2) V-catchment, and (3) modified Pinder-Sauer problems. Simulated results for these problems compare well with other published results and indicate that SWR provides accurate results for surface water-only and coupled surface water/groundwater problems. Results for an application of SWR and MODFLOW to the Snapper Creek area of Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA are also presented and demonstrate the value of coupled surface water and groundwater simulation in managed, low-relief coastal settings. C1 [Hughes, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Lutz, FL 33559 USA. [Langevin, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [White, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Hughes, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 4446 Pet Lane Suite 108, Lutz, FL 33559 USA. EM jdhughes@usgs.gov OI Hughes, Joseph/0000-0003-1311-2354 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 452 EP 463 DI 10.1111/gwat.12216 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CH6CQ UT WOS:000354123800013 PM 24902965 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, N Doherty, J AF Sepulveda, Nicasio Doherty, John TI Uncertainty Analysis of a Groundwater Flow Model in East-Central Florida SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK AB A groundwater flow model for east-central Florida has been developed to help water-resource managers assess the impact of increased groundwater withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system on heads and spring flows originating from the Upper Floridan Aquifer. The model provides a probabilistic description of predictions of interest to water-resource managers, given the uncertainty associated with system heterogeneity, the large number of input parameters, and a nonunique groundwater flow solution. The uncertainty associated with these predictions can then be considered in decisions with which the model has been designed to assist. The Null Space Monte Carlo method is a stochastic probabilistic approach used to generate a suite of several hundred parameter field realizations, each maintaining the model in a calibrated state, and each considered to be hydrogeologically plausible. The results presented herein indicate that the model's capacity to predict changes in heads or spring flows that originate from increased groundwater withdrawals is considerably greater than its capacity to predict the absolute magnitudes of heads or spring flows. Furthermore, the capacity of the model to make predictions that are similar in location and in type to those in the calibration dataset exceeds its capacity to make predictions of different types at different locations. The quantification of these outcomes allows defensible use of the modeling process in support of future water-resources decisions. The model allows the decision-making process to recognize the uncertainties, and the spatial or temporal variability of uncertainties that are associated with predictions of future system behavior in a complex hydrogeological context. C1 [Sepulveda, Nicasio] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Doherty, John] Watermark Numer Comp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Doherty, John] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Sepulveda, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM nsepul@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 464 EP 474 DI 10.1111/gwat.12232 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CH6CQ UT WOS:000354123800014 PM 25040026 ER PT J AU Sabatine, SM Niemann, JD Greimann, BP AF Sabatine, Shaina M. Niemann, Jeffrey D. Greimann, Blair P. TI Evaluation of Parameter and Model Uncertainty in Simple Applications of a 1D Sediment Transport Model SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model averaging; Parameter optimization; Parameter uncertainty; Model uncertainty; Sediment transport uncertainty ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; OPTIMIZATION; LIKELIHOOD; ALGORITHM; GRAVEL; BED AB This paper separately evaluates two methods from Bayesian Statistics to estimate parameter and model uncertainty in simulations from a one-dimensional (1D) sediment transport model. The first method, multivariate shuffled complex evolution metropolis-uncertainty analysis (MSU), is an algorithm that identifies the most likely parameter values and estimates parameter uncertainty for models with multiple outputs. The second method, Bayesian model averaging (BMA), determines a combined prediction based on three sediment transport equations that are calibrated with MSU and evaluates the uncertainty associated with the selection of the transport equation. These tools are applied to simulations of three flume experiments. For these cases, MSU does not converge substantially faster than a previously used and simpler parameter uncertainty method, but its ability to consider correlation between parameters improves its estimate of the uncertainty. Also, the BMA results suggest that a combination of transport equations usually provides a better forecast than using an individual equation, and the selection of a single transport equation substantially increases the overall uncertainty in the model forecasts. C1 [Sabatine, Shaina M.] Watershed Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Niemann, Jeffrey D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Greimann, Blair P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Sedimentat & River Hydraul Grp, Tech Serv Ctr,Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Niemann, JD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Campus Delivery 1372, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jniemann@engr.colostate.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program FX The authors thank Mazdak Arabi and Jennifer A. Hoeting for their assistance in the selection and application of the MSU and BMA methods. Financial support from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program for this research is also gratefully acknowledged. We also thank two anonymous reviewers, the associate editor, and the editor in chief for their help in improving this manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2015 VL 141 IS 5 AR 04015002 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000992 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CH4IA UT WOS:000353996000008 ER PT J AU Homer, C Dewitz, J Yang, LM Jin, S Danielson, P Xian, G Coulston, J Herold, N Wickham, J Megown, K AF Homer, Collin Dewitz, Jon Yang, Limin Jin, Suming Danielson, Patrick Xian, George Coulston, John Herold, Nathaniel Wickham, James Megown, Kevin TI Completion of the 2011 National Land Cover Database for the Conterminous United States - Representing a Decade of Land Cover Change Information SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMPERVIOUS SURFACE; THEMATIC ACCURACY; CANOPY COVER; IMAGERY C1 [Homer, Collin; Dewitz, Jon; Yang, Limin; Jin, Suming; Danielson, Patrick; Xian, George] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Garretson, SD 57030 USA. [Yang, Limin; Danielson, Patrick] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Houston, TX USA. [Jin, Suming; Xian, George] InuTeq, Baarn, Netherlands. [Coulston, John] US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, Washington, DC USA. [Herold, Nathaniel] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, San Juan, PR USA. [Megown, Kevin] US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Homer, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Garretson, SD 57030 USA. OI Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044, G08PC91508]; United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), through Office of Research and Development FX Research, development, and production efforts for NLCD 2011 data products and supplementary layers result from the cooperative efforts of several teams of dedicated individuals. Because of the number of individuals involved, they cannot all be properly acknowledged here. We would like to acknowledge the many organizations that made this work possible especially the support of the individuals and agencies of the MRLC Consortium, in addition to Federal and Federal contractor mapping teams. This study was made possible in part by SGT under U.S. Geological Survey contract G10PC00044 and by ASRC under U.S. Geological Survey contract G08PC91508. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, partly funded the research described here. It has been subject to Agency review and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 164 Z9 166 U1 13 U2 62 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 81 IS 5 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.14358/PERS.81.5.345 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CH4OA UT WOS:000354011600002 ER PT J AU Grundel, R Beamer, DA Glowacki, GA Frohnapple, KJ Pavlovic, NB AF Grundel, Ralph Beamer, David A. Glowacki, Gary A. Frohnapple, Krystalynn J. Pavlovic, Noel B. TI Opposing responses to ecological gradients structure amphibian and reptile communities across a temperate grassland-savanna-forest landscape SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Ecotone; Fire; Herpetofaunal conservation; Savannas; Wetlands ID SPECIES RICHNESS; FIRE HISTORY; HABITAT STRUCTURE; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; SAND SAVANNAS; VEGETATION; HERPETOFAUNA; DIVERSITY; CLIMATE; RESTORATION AB Temperate savannas are threatened across the globe. If we prioritize savanna restoration, we should ask how savanna animal communities differ from communities in related open habitats and forests. We documented distribution of amphibian and reptile species across an open-savanna-forest gradient in the Midwest U.S. to determine how fire history and habitat structure affected herpetofaunal community composition. The transition from open habitats to forests was a transition from higher reptile abundance to higher amphibian abundance and the intermediate savanna landscape supported the most species overall. These differences warn against assuming that amphibian and reptile communities will have similar ecological responses to habitat structure. Richness and abundance also often responded in opposite directions to some habitat characteristics, such as cover of bare ground or litter. Herpetofaunal community species composition changed along a fire gradient from infrequent and recent fires to frequent but less recent fires. Nearby (200-m) wetland cover was relatively unimportant in predicting overall herpetofaunal community composition while fire history and fire-related canopy and ground cover were more important predictors of composition, diversity, and abundance. Increased developed cover was negatively related to richness and abundance. This indicates the importance of fire history and fire related landscape characteristics, and the negative effects of development, in shaping the upland herpetofaunal community along the native grassland-forest continuum. C1 [Grundel, Ralph; Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.; Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Beamer, David A.] Nash Community Coll, Rocky Mount, NC 27804 USA. [Glowacki, Gary A.] Lake Cty Forest Preserves, Libertyville, IL 60048 USA. RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rgrundel@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey-National Park Service technician support grant; USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative FX We thank G. Dulin, E. Garza, J. LaPlante, and V. Price for assistance in herpetofaunal data collection and R. Deering, L. Forste, R. Phillips, J. Taylor, M. Pryzdia, and A. Zammit for vegetation data collection, two anonymous reviewers and Alan Resetar for review of the manuscript. Research was conducted with permission and assistance of the National Park Service and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Nature Preserves. Funding was provided by a U.S. Geological Survey-National Park Service technician support grant and by the USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1892 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1089 EP 1108 DI 10.1007/s10531-014-0844-x PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH2XM UT WOS:000353888600005 ER PT J AU James, TS Cassidy, JF Rogers, GC Haeussler, PJ AF James, Thomas S. Cassidy, John F. Rogers, Garry C. Haeussler, Peter J. TI Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2012 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Craig Earthquakes at the Pacific-North America Plate Boundary (British Columbia and Alaska) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [James, Thomas S.; Cassidy, John F.; Rogers, Garry C.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP James, TS (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM tjames@nrcan.gc.ca OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 105 IS 2B BP 1053 EP 1057 DI 10.1785/0120150044 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH0ES UT WOS:000353692800001 ER PT J AU Walton, MAL Gulick, SPS Haeussler, PJ Roland, EC Trehu, AM AF Walton, Maureen A. L. Gulick, Sean P. S. Haeussler, Peter J. Roland, Emily C. Trehu, Anne M. TI Basement and Regional Structure Along Strike of the Queen Charlotte Fault in the Context of Modern and Historical Earthquake Ruptures SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ISLANDS REFRACTION PROJECT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; FAIRWEATHER FAULT; TRANSITION FAULT; TRIPLE JUNCTION; WESTERN CANADA; PLATE BOUNDARY; NORTH-AMERICA AB The Queen Charlotte fault (QCF) is a dextral transform system located offshore of southeastern Alaska and western Canada, accommodating similar to 4.4 cm/yr of relative motion between the Pacific and North American plates. Oblique convergence along the fault increases southward, and how this convergence is accommodated is still debated. Using seismic reflection data, we interpret offshore basement structure, faulting, and stratigraphy to provide a geological context for two recent earthquakes, an M-w 7.5 strike-slip event near Craig, Alaska, and an M-w 7.8 thrust event near Haida Gwaii, Canada. We map downwarped Pacific oceanic crust near 54 degrees N, between the two rupture zones. Observed downwarping decreases north and south of 54 degrees N, parallel to the strike of the QCF. Bending of the Pacific plate here may have initiated with increased convergence rates due to a plate motion change at similar to 6 Ma. Tectonic reconstruction implies convergence-driven Pacific plate flexure, beginning at 6 Ma south of a 10 degrees bend the QCF (which is currently at 53.2 degrees N) and lasting until the plate translated past the bend by similar to 2 Ma. Normal-faulted approximately late Miocene sediment above the deep flexural depression at 54 degrees N, topped by relatively undeformed Pleistocene and younger sediment, supports this model. Aftershocks of the Haida Gwaii event indicate a normal-faulting stress regime, suggesting present-day plate flexure and underthrusting, which is also consistent with reconstruction of past conditions. We thus favor a Pacific plate underthrusting model to initiate flexure and accommodation space for sediment loading. In addition, mapped structures indicate two possible fault segment boundaries along the QCF at 53.2 degrees N and at 56 degrees N. C1 [Walton, Maureen A. L.; Gulick, Sean P. S.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Roland, Emily C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Walton, MAL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, JJ Pickle Res Campus Bldg ROC 196,10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM maureenlwalton@utexas.edu RI Gulick, Sean/C-1039-2008; OI Gulick, Sean/0000-0003-4740-9068; Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247; Walton, Maureen/0000-0001-8496-463X FU USGS Earthquake Hazards External Grants Program; National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program; UTIG Ewing/Worzel Fellowship FX We would like to extend our thanks to Kristin Rohr, John Swartz, and Harm Van Avendonk for helpful scientific discussion and feedback and to Ray Sliter and Steffen Saustrup for assistance with legacy seismic data. Thanks to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for providing much of the legacy data, to Anne Trehu for providing data from survey EW9412, and to the computing facilities and systems administrators at University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG). In addition, our thanks go to the two reviewers and Guest Editor Tom James for their helpful and relevant comments, which have greatly improved the clarity of the text and figures. This project was funded in part by the USGS Earthquake Hazards External Grants Program, the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, and the UTIG Ewing/Worzel Fellowship. This is UTIG Contribution Number 2790. NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 105 IS 2B BP 1090 EP 1105 DI 10.1785/0120140174 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH0ES UT WOS:000353692800004 ER PT J AU Haeussler, PJ Witter, RC Wang, KL AF Haeussler, Peter J. Witter, Robert C. Wang, Kelin TI Intertidal Biological Indicators of Coseismic Subsidence during the M-w 7.8 Haida Gwaii, Canada, Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID QUEEN-CHARLOTTE MARGIN; UPPER LIMIT; BARNACLES; CHTHAMALUS; ENGLAND AB The 28 October 2012 M-w 7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake was a megathrust earthquake along the very obliquely convergent Queen Charlotte margin of British Columbia, Canada. Coseismic deformation is not well constrained by geodesy, with only six Global Positioning System (GPS) sites and two tide gauge stations within 250 km of the rupture area. To better constrain vertical coseismic deformation, we measured the upper growth limits of two sessile intertidal organisms, which are controlled by physical conditions, relative to sea level at 25 sites 5 months after the earthquake. We measured the positions of rockweed (Fucus distichus, 617 observations) and the common acorn barnacle (Balanus balanoides, 686 observations). The study focused on the western side of the islands where rupture models indicated that the greatest amount of vertical displacement, but we also investigated sites well away from the inferred rupture area to provide a control on the upper limit of the organisms unaffected by vertical displacement. We also made 322 measurements of sea level to relate the growth limits to a tidal datum using the TPXO7.2 tidal model, rather than ellipsoid heights determined by GPS. Three methods of examining the data all indicate 0.4-0.6 m subsidence along the western coast of Moresby Island as a result of the 28 October 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake. Our data are, within the errors, consistent with data from two campaign GPS sites along the west coast of Haida Gwaii and with rupture models that indicate megathrust rupture offshore, but not beneath, the islands. C1 [Haeussler, Peter J.; Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wang, Kelin] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Haeussler, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 105 IS 2B BP 1265 EP 1279 DI 10.1785/0120140197 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH0ES UT WOS:000353692800018 ER PT J AU Feyrer, F Hobbs, J Acuna, S Mahardja, B Grimaldo, L Baerwald, M Johnson, RC Teh, S AF Feyrer, Frederick Hobbs, James Acuna, Shawn Mahardja, Brian Grimaldo, Lenny Baerwald, Melinda Johnson, Rachel C. Teh, Swee TI Metapopulation structure of a semi-anadromous fish in a dynamic environment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPLITTAIL POGONICHTHYS-MACROLEPIDOTUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; AGE-0 SPLITTAIL; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; CONNECTIVITY; CHEMISTRY; PATTERNS; SALMON AB The Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) is a relatively large (400 mm), long-lived (8 years) demersal cyprinid of conservation importance endemic to the San Francisco Estuary (SFE), California, USA. It exhibits a semi-anadromous life cycle spending adult life in low to moderate salinity (0-12) habitat with migrations into upstream freshwater rivers and floodplains for spawning during winter-spring. The species persists as two genetically distinguishable populations - one dominant and one subordinate - separated by discrete spawning habitats that we suggest resemble an island-mainland metapopulation structure. The populations overlap in distribution in the SFE, yet segregation is maintained with individuals tending to aggregate or school with others of similar population heritage and natal origin. The populations are spatially connected via dispersal of the dominant population into the subordinate population's spawning habitat when climate patterns produce freshwater outflow sufficient to form a bridge of suitable low salinity habitat across the upper SFE. Habitat affinities of the two populations, hydrodynamic modeling studies, and historical outflow records together suggest such conditions occur in approximately 1/3 of years overall with an irregular frequency. This dynamic pattern of spatial connectivity controlled by climate variability may be an important driver of gene flow between the two populations. C1 [Feyrer, Frederick] Bur Reclamat, Bay Delta Off, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Hobbs, James] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Acuna, Shawn] Metropolitan Water Dist Southern Calif, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Mahardja, Brian; Baerwald, Melinda; Johnson, Rachel C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grimaldo, Lenny] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [Johnson, Rachel C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Teh, Swee] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Aquat Hlth Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Feyrer, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM ffeyrer@usgs.gov FU US Bureau of Reclamation [R10AC20095]; University of California-Davis [R10AC20095]; Delta Science Program [2037] FX We thank M. Gingras, R. Soto, E. Santos, N. Sakata, N. van Ark, C. Grant, D. Obegi, M. Nobriga, D. Riordon, A. Chandos, K. Gehrts, B. Coalter, B. Harrell, A. Mueller-Solger, M. Young, A. Bibian, L. Conrad, B. Schreier, R. Baxter, E. van Nieuwenhuyse, S. Waller, T. Foin, N. Fangue, B. May, K. Reece, M. MacWilliams, L. Brown, R. Baxter, T. Sommer, and many others for assistance. S. Teh, S. Acuna, and J. Hobbs were funded by an agreement (No. R10AC20095) between the US Bureau of Reclamation and the University of California-Davis awarded to S. Teh. B. Mahardja and M. Baerwald were supported by Delta Science Program Grant No. 2037. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 72 IS 5 BP 709 EP 721 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0433 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CG9HW UT WOS:000353626800007 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Johnson, DS Hoef, JMV Hooten, MB London, JM Boveng, PL AF Conn, Paul B. Johnson, Devin S. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Hooten, Mevin B. London, Joshua M. Boveng, Peter L. TI Using spatiotemporal statistical models to estimate animal abundance and infer ecological dynamics from survey counts SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bering Sea; count data; dimension reduction; Phoca largha; process convolution; resource selection; spatiotemporal model; spotted seal ID DISTANCE SAMPLING DATA; RESOURCE SELECTION; WEIGHTED DISTRIBUTIONS; WILDLIFE POPULATIONS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; TRANSECT SURVEYS; SPATIAL MODELS; TIME-SERIES; SPACE AB Ecologists often fit models to survey data to estimate and explain variation in animal abundance. Such models typically require that animal density remains constant across the landscape where sampling is being conducted, a potentially problematic assumption for animals inhabiting dynamic landscapes or otherwise exhibiting considerable spatiotemporal variation in density. We review several concepts from the burgeoning literature on spatiotemporal statistical models, including the nature of the temporal structure (i.e., descriptive or dynamical) and strategies for dimension reduction to promote computational tractability. We also review several features as they specifically relate to abundance estimation, including boundary conditions, population closure, choice of link function, and extrapolation of predicted relationships to unsampled areas. We then compare a suite of novel and existing spatiotemporal hierarchical models for animal count data that permit animal density to vary over space and time, including formulations motivated by resource selection and allowing for closed populations. We gauge the relative performance (bias, precision, computational demands) of alternative spatiotemporal models when confronted with simulated and real data sets from dynamic animal populations. For the latter, we analyze spotted seal (Phoca largha) counts from an aerial survey of the Bering Sea where the quantity and quality of suitable habitat (sea ice) changed dramatically while surveys were being conducted. Simulation analyses suggested that multiple types of spatiotemporal models provide reasonable inference (low positive bias, high precision) about animal abundance, but have potential for overestimating precision. Analysis of spotted seal data indicated that several model formulations, including those based on a log-Gaussian Cox process, had a tendency to overestimate abundance. By contrast, a model that included a population closure assumption and a scale prior on total abundance produced estimates that largely conformed to our a priori expectation. Although care must be taken to tailor models to match the study population and survey data available, we argue that hierarchical spatiotemporal statistical models represent a powerful way forward for estimating abundance and explaining variation in the distribution of dynamical populations. C1 [Conn, Paul B.; Johnson, Devin S.; Hoef, Jay M. Ver; London, Joshua M.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov OI London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046; Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M12PG00017] FX A large amount of effort went into collecting seal transect data, and we thank M. Cameron, E. Moreland, and other seal researchers who helped design and execute ice-associated seal surveys. Funding for Bering Sea aerial surveys was provided by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (Interagency Agreement M12PG00017). The views and conclusions in this article represent the views of the authors and the U.S. Geological Survey but do not necessarily represent findings or policy of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank C. Wikle for helpful discussion; comments by J. Laake, B. McClintock, and anonymous reviewers also helped improve the content and quality of this article. All data collected and research activities described were performed under U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service permit #15126-02. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 85 IS 2 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.1890/14-0959.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH2HI UT WOS:000353845900005 ER PT J AU Haider, R Ghauri, MA Jones, EJ Orem, WH SanFilipo, JR AF Haider, Rizwan Ghauri, Muhammad A. Jones, Elizabeth J. Orem, William H. SanFilipo, John R. TI Structural degradation of Thar lignite using MW1 fungal isolate: Optimization studies SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Fungal degradation; Lignite; Coal degradation ID POWDER RIVER-BASIN; LOW-RANK COAL; TRICHODERMA-ATROVIRIDE; CHINESE LIGNITE; HARD COAL; METHANE; BIOSOLUBILIZATION; BIOSOLUBILISATION; SOLUBILIZATION; ENZYMES AB Biological degradation of low-rank coals, particularly degradation mediated by fungi, can play an important role in helping us to utilize neglected lignite resources for both fuel and non-fuel applications. Fungal degradation of low-rank coals has already been investigated for the extraction of soil-conditioning agents and the substrates, which could be subjected to subsequent processing for the generation of alternative fuel options, like methane. However, to achieve an efficient degradation process, the fungal isolates must originate from an appropriate coal environment and the degradation process must be optimized. With this in mind, a representative sample from the Thar coalfield (the largest lignite resource of Pakistan) was treated with a fungal strain, MW1, which was previously isolated from a drilled core coal sample. The treatment caused the liberation of organic fractions from the structural matrix of coal. Fungal degradation was optimized, and it showed significant release of organics, with 0.1% glucose concentration and 1% coal loading ratio after an incubation time of 7 days. Analytical investigations revealed the release of complex organic moieties, pertaining to polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and it also helped in predicting structural units present within structure of coal. Such isolates, with enhanced degradation capabilities, can definitely help in exploiting the chemical-feedstock-status of coal. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haider, Rizwan] Univ Punjab, Ctr Coal Technol, Lahore, Pakistan. [Ghauri, Muhammad A.] Natl Inst Biotechnol & Genet Engn NIBGE, Ind Biotechnol Div, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [Jones, Elizabeth J.; Orem, William H.; SanFilipo, John R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ghauri, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Biotechnol & Genet Engn NIBGE, Ind Biotechnol Div, Faisalabad, Pakistan. EM maghauri@nibge.org FU Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan FX This work was made possible by the financial support provided by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 100 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.02.029 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG8ZW UT WOS:000353605200019 ER PT J AU Ban, YF Gong, P Gini, C AF Ban, Yifang Gong, Peng Gini, Chandra TI Global land cover mapping using Earth observation satellite data: Recent progresses and challenges SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material ID MULTITEMPORAL SAR IMAGES; TIME-SERIES; FOREST COVER; M RESOLUTION; URBAN AREAS; DATA SETS; CLASSIFICATION; MODIS; FUSION; CHINA C1 [Ban, Yifang] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Div Geoinformat, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gong, Peng] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Gini, Chandra] Duke Univ, US Geol Survey, Durham, NC USA. RP Ban, YF (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Div Geoinformat, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 9 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 103 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.01.001 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CH0TF UT WOS:000353734600001 ER PT J AU Barr, KR Kus, BE Preston, KL Howell, S Perkins, E Vandergast, AG AF Barr, Kelly R. Kus, Barbara E. Preston, Kristine L. Howell, Scarlett Perkins, Emily Vandergast, Amy G. TI Habitat fragmentation in coastal southern California disrupts genetic connectivity in the cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal sage scrub; conservation; habitat loss; landscape genetics; songbird; wildfire ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; JERUSALEM CRICKET ORTHOPTERA; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; MUTATION-RATES; EXTINCTION; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; DISTANCE AB Achieving long-term persistence of species in urbanized landscapes requires characterizing population genetic structure to understand and manage the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on connectivity. Urbanization over the past century in coastal southern California has caused both precipitous loss of coastal sage scrub habitat and declines in populations of the cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus). Using 22 microsatellite loci, we found that remnant cactus wren aggregations in coastal southern California comprised 20 populations based on strict exact tests for population differentiation, and 12 genetic clusters with hierarchical Bayesian clustering analyses. Genetic structure patterns largely mirrored underlying habitat availability, with cluster and population boundaries coinciding with fragmentation caused primarily by urbanization. Using a habitat model we developed, we detected stronger associations between habitat-based distances and genetic distances than Euclidean geographic distance. Within populations, we detected a positive association between available local habitat and allelic richness and a negative association with relatedness. Isolation-by-distance patterns varied over the study area, which we attribute to temporal differences in anthropogenic landscape development. We also found that genetic bottleneck signals were associated with wildfire frequency. These results indicate that habitat fragmentation and alterations have reduced genetic connectivity and diversity of cactus wren populations in coastal southern California. Management efforts focused on improving connectivity among remaining populations may help to ensure population persistence. C1 [Barr, Kelly R.; Kus, Barbara E.; Preston, Kristine L.; Howell, Scarlett; Perkins, Emily; Vandergast, Amy G.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Vandergast, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM avandergast@usgs.gov OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571 FU Nature Reserve of Orange County (NROC); San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG); California Department of Fish Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center FX We thank the Nature Reserve of Orange County (NROC), the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), California Department of Fish & Wildlife and the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center for both financial and logistical support. We sincerely appreciate the land managers who graciously provided property access and often logistical support as well (listed in Appendix S3, Supporting information). This study would not have been possible without much diligent and trying fieldwork by K. Allen, L. Allen, A. Houston, S. Lynn, M. Madden, R. Pottinger, T. Dixon, P. J. Falatek, A. Gallagher, M. Lipshutz, S. Nichols, J. Pietrzak, and A. Winters of USGS and D. Kamada and K. Moore of NROC. Thanks to Jonathan Q. Richmond for his review of this manuscript. Finally, we appreciate the anonymous reviewers for their input. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 101 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 16 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2349 EP 2363 DI 10.1111/mec.13176 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CH3WM UT WOS:000353961500006 PM 25819510 ER PT J AU Anderegg, WRL Flint, A Huang, CY Flint, L Berry, JA Davis, FW Sperry, JS Field, CB AF Anderegg, William R. L. Flint, Alan Huang, Cho-ying Flint, Lorraine Berry, Joseph A. Davis, Frank W. Sperry, John S. Field, Christopher B. TI Tree mortality predicted from drought-induced vascular damage SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-USE; FORESTS; MECHANISMS; XYLEM; RESILIENCE; EMBOLISM; INCREASE; MODEL AB The projected responses of forest ecosystems to warming and drying associated with twenty-first-century climate change vary widely from resiliency to widespread tree mortality(1-3). Current vegetation models lack the ability to account for mortality of overstorey trees during extreme drought owing to uncertainties in mechanisms and thresholds causing mortality(4,5). Here we assess the causes of tree mortality, using field measurements of branch hydraulic conductivity during ongoing mortality in Populus tremuloides in the southwestern United States and a detailed plant hydraulics model. We identify a lethal plant water stress threshold that corresponds with a loss of vascular transport capacity from air entry into the xylem. We then use this hydraulic-based threshold to simulate forest dieback during historical drought, and compare predictions against three independent mortality data sets. The hydraulic threshold predicted with 75% accuracy regional patterns of tree mortality as found in field plots and mortality maps derived from Landsat imagery. In a high-emissions scenario, climate models project that drought stress will exceed the observed mortality threshold in the southwestern United States by the 2050s. Our approach provides a powerful and tractable way of incorporating tree mortality into vegetation models to resolve uncertainty over the fate of forest ecosystems in a changing climate. C1 [Anderegg, William R. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Flint, Alan; Flint, Lorraine] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Huang, Cho-ying] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Berry, Joseph A.; Field, Christopher B.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sperry, John S.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Anderegg, WRL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM anderegg@princeton.edu RI Huang, Cho-ying/E-6573-2012; Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Huang, Cho-ying/0000-0002-9174-7542; Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 FU NSF DDIG grant; NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship; Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF); Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan; National Taiwan University; National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Program, NSF [EF-1065864]; Carnegie Institution for Science FX W.R.L.A. thanks the NSF DDIG grant for research funding and equipment. W.R.L.A. was supported in part by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship program and an award from the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF). C-y.H. was sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan and National Taiwan University. F.W.D. was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Program, NSF no. EF-1065864. J.A.B. and C.B.F. were supported by the Carnegie Institution for Science. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Methods of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 19 U2 87 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1038/NGEO2400 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CG9MO UT WOS:000353640100013 ER PT J AU Walowski, KJ Wallace, PJ Hauri, EH Wada, I Clynne, MA AF Walowski, K. J. Wallace, P. J. Hauri, E. H. Wada, I. Clynne, M. A. TI Slab melting beneath the Cascade Arc driven by dehydration of altered oceanic peridotite SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SILICATE-GLASSES; MANTLE WEDGE; OXYGEN FUGACITY; RIDGE BASALTS; INCLUSIONS; WATER; CONSTRAINTS; CALIFORNIA AB Water is returned to Earth's interior at subduction zones. However, the processes and pathways by which water leaves the subducting plate and causes melting beneath volcanic arcs are complex; the source of the water-subducting sediment, altered oceanic crust, or hydrated mantle in the downgoing plate-is debated; and the role of slab temperature is unclear. Here we analyse the hydrogen-isotope and trace-element signature of melt inclusions in ash samples from the Cascade Arc, where young, hot lithosphere subducts. Comparing these data with published analyses, we find that fluids in the Cascade magmas are sourced from deeper parts of the subducting slab-hydrated mantle peridotite in the slab interior-compared with fluids in magmas from the Marianas Arc, where older, colder lithosphere subducts. We use geodynamic modelling to show that, in the hotter subduction zone, the upper crust of the subducting slab rapidly dehydrates at shallow depths. With continued subduction, fluids released from the deeper plate interior migrate into the dehydrated parts, causing those to melt. These melts in turn migrate into the overlying mantle wedge, where they trigger further melting. Our results provide a physical model to explain melting of the subducted plate and mass transfer from the slab to the mantle beneath arcs where relatively young oceanic lithosphere is subducted. C1 [Walowski, K. J.; Wallace, P. J.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hauri, E. H.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Broad Branch Rd, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Wada, I.] Tohoku Univ, IRIDeS, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Clynne, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Walowski, KJ (reprint author), 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM walowski@uoregon.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1119224, EAR-1019848]; Carnegie Institution of Washington FX We thank A. Kent (Oregon State University) for assistance with the LA-ICP-MS measurements, J. Wang for support in the Carnegie SIMS lab, and T. Plank and J. Lowenstern for helpful discussions. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (grants EAR-1119224 and EAR-1019848) and the Carnegie Institution of Washington. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 11 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 404 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2417 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CG9MO UT WOS:000353640100020 ER PT J AU O'Connor, JE Duda, JJ Grant, GE AF O'Connor, J. E. Duda, J. J. Grant, G. E. TI 1000 dams down and counting SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID REMOVAL; RIVER C1 [O'Connor, J. E.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Duda, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Grant, G. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP O'Connor, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM oconnor@usgs.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 16 U2 65 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 348 IS 6234 BP 496 EP 497 DI 10.1126/science.aaa9204 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH1JR UT WOS:000353778100018 PM 25931537 ER PT J AU Karasaki, K Doughty, C Onishi, CT Goto, J AF Karasaki, Kenzi Doughty, Christine Onishi, Celia T. Goto, Junichi TI Development of Geohydrologic Model of the Wildcat Fault Zone SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium CY SEP 17-19, 2012 CL Berkeley, CA DE Fault zone; Anisotropy; Fractured rock; Characterization; Cross-hole test; Geophysical survey; Borehole logging; Pressure profile; Temperature profile; Long-term monitoring; Recharge Rate; Model uncertainty; Scale-up AB We have conducted field investigations of the Wildcat fault in Strawberry Canyon in the East Bay Hills of Berkeley, California, including a literature survey, aerial-photographic-based geomorphological study, geologic mapping, geophysical surveys, trenching, and borehole drilling and hydraulic testing. A geologic model was constructed, which became the basis of the hydrologic model. We outline the effort of constructing the geohydrologic model of the Strawberry Canyon area. We also created an East Canyon sub-model, which is a part of the Strawberry Canyon area. These models were constructed using Petrasim commercial software, which is a pre- and post- processor for TOUGH2, a non-isothermal multiphase flow and transport simulator. One of our goals is to understand the role of the Wildcat fault in controlling the natural-state groundwater flow. Another goal is that with limited data in numbers and areal extent, we evaluate the viability of modeling a relatively complex geologic area in hopes of to building a model that is valid for a scale larger than the observation. We performed both manual and automated inversion analyses and produced reasonable matches between the observed head data and model predictions. By varying the structure of the Wildcat fault, the base-case representation, which includes a high permeability damage zone and a low permeability fault core, best matches the observed head data. Using the sub-model, we conducted two-phase non-isothermal simulations utilizing the pressure and temperature data from the boreholes. We also used the information obtained from pump tests including permeability anisotropy of the fault plane. After parameter searches, we were able to match the head and temperature profiles along boreholes relatively well. We then used the best matching models to predict the observed rate of head decline during a dry period and found that anisotropic fault zone with 5 % porosity predicts the rate of decline reasonably well. There is a potential that the rate of decline may be useful to estimate the parameters downstream where there are no boreholes for observation/testing. C1 [Karasaki, Kenzi; Doughty, Christine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Onishi, Celia T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Goto, Junichi] Nucl Waste Management Org Japan, Tokyo, Japan. RP Karasaki, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kkarasaki@lbl.gov; CADoughty@lbl.gov; ctonishi@usgs.gov; jgoto@numo.or.jp RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 FU Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan; [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan and performed under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would like to thank Dr. David Buesch of USGS, Menlo Park for his extensive review and extremely helpful suggestions. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 EI 1573-1634 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD MAY PY 2015 VL 108 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s11242-014-0348-x PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA CH2VP UT WOS:000353883200002 ER PT J AU Haack, SK Duris, JW Kolpin, DW Fogarty, LR Johnson, HE Gibson, KE Focazio, M Schwab, KJ Hubbard, LE Foreman, WT AF Haack, Sheridan K. Duris, Joseph W. Kolpin, Dana W. Fogarty, Lisa R. Johnson, Heather E. Gibson, Kristen E. Focazio, Michael Schwab, Kellogg J. Hubbard, Laura E. Foreman, William T. TI Genes Indicative of Zoonotic and Swine Pathogens Are Persistent in Stream Water and Sediment following a Swine Manure Spill SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIAL INDICATORS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SOURCE TRACKING; SURFACE-WATER; MULTIPLEX PCR; SPECIES LEVEL; QUALITY; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROCOCCI AB Manure spills into streams are relatively frequent, but no studies have characterized stream contamination with zoonotic and veterinary pathogens, or fecal chemicals, following a spill. We tested stream water and sediment over 25 days and downstream for 7.6 km for the following: fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), the fecal indicator chemicals cholesterol and coprostanol, 20 genes for zoonotic and swine-specific bacterial pathogens by presence/absence PCR for viable cells, one swine-specific Escherichia coli toxin gene (STII gene) by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and nine human and animal viruses by qPCR or reverse transcription-qPCR. Twelve days postspill, and 4.2 km downstream, water concentrations of FIB, cholesterol, and coprostanol were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than those detected before, or above, the spill, and genes indicating viable zoonotic or swine-infectious Escherichia coli were detected in water or sediment. STII gene levels increased from undetectable before or above the spill to 105 copies/100 ml of water 12 days postspill. Thirteen of 14 water (8/9 sediment) samples had viable STII-carrying cells postspill. Eighteen days postspill, porcine adenovirus and teschovirus were detected 5.6 km downstream. FIB concentrations (per gram [wet weight]) in sediment were greater than in water, and sediment was a continuous reservoir of genes and chemicals postspill. Constituent concentrations were much lower, and detections less frequent, in a runoff event (200 days postspill) following manure application, although the swine-associated STII and stx(2e) genes were detected. Manure spills are an underappreciated pathway for livestock-derived contaminants to enter streams, with persistent environmental outcomes and the potential for human and veterinary health consequences. C1 [Haack, Sheridan K.; Duris, Joseph W.; Fogarty, Lisa R.; Johnson, Heather E.] US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. [Gibson, Kristen E.; Schwab, Kellogg J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Focazio, Michael] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Hubbard, Laura E.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. [Foreman, William T.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Haack, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM skhaack@usgs.gov OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109 FU Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, U.S. Geological Survey; Osprey Foundation of Maryland; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health's Center for a Livable Future (CLF) FX This study was funded by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, U.S. Geological Survey; by the Osprey Foundation of Maryland; and by the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health's Center for a Livable Future (CLF). K.E.G. was a CLF predoctoral fellow. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 81 IS 10 BP 3430 EP 3441 DI 10.1128/AEM.04195-14 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CG5MV UT WOS:000353336900016 PM 25769829 ER PT J AU Jorgenson, MT Marcot, BG Swanson, DK Jorgenson, JC DeGange, AR AF Jorgenson, Mark Torre Marcot, Bruce G. Swanson, David K. Jorgenson, Janet C. DeGange, Anthony R. TI Projected changes in diverse ecosystems from climate warming and biophysical drivers in northwest Alaska SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; NORTHERN ALASKA; VEGETATION; FEEDBACKS; AMERICA; GLACIER; SHIFTS; FIRE; USA AB Climate warming affects arctic and boreal ecosystems by interacting with numerous biophysical factors across heterogeneous landscapes. To assess potential effects of warming on diverse local-scale ecosystems (ecotypes) across northwest Alaska, we compiled data on historical areal changes over the last 25-50 years. Based on historical rates of change relative to time and temperature, we developed three state-transition models to project future changes in area for 60 ecotypes involving 243 potential transitions during three 30-year periods (ending 2040, 2070, 2100). The time model, assuming changes over the past 30 years continue at the same rate, projected a net change, or directional shift, of 6 % by 2100. The temperature model, using past rates of change relative to the past increase in regional mean annual air temperatures (1 A degrees C/30 year), projected a net change of 17 % in response to expected warming of 2, 4, and 6 A degrees C at the end of the three periods. A rate-adjusted temperature model, which adjusted transition rates (+/- 50 %) based on assigned feedbacks associated with 23 biophysical drivers, estimated a net change of 13 %, with 33 ecotypes gaining and 23 ecotypes losing area. Major drivers included shrub and tree expansion, fire, succession, and thermokarst. Overall, projected changes will be modest over the next century even though climate warming increased transition rates up to 9 fold. The strength of this state-transition modeling is that it used a large dataset of past changes to provide a comprehensive assessment of likely future changes associated with numerous drivers affecting the full diversity of ecosystems across a broad region. C1 [Jorgenson, Mark Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Swanson, David K.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Jorgenson, Janet C.] Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [DeGange, Anthony R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Jorgenson, MT (reprint author), Alaska Ecosci, 2332 Cordes Way, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM ecoscience@alaska.net FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, with in-kind support from the National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, and USDA Forest Serve. We appreciate the input of Robert Winfree, Carl Roland, Leslie Holland-Bartels, Carl Markon, Terry Chapin, and one anonymous reviewer. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2015 VL 130 IS 2 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s10584-014-1302-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG7EL UT WOS:000353465100006 ER PT J AU Marcot, BG Jorgenson, MT Lawler, JP Handel, CM DeGange, AR AF Marcot, Bruce G. Jorgenson, M. Torre Lawler, James P. Handel, Colleen M. DeGange, Anthony R. TI Projected changes in wildlife habitats in Arctic natural areas of northwest Alaska SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SHRUB EXPANSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; HERBIVORES; CARIBOU; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS AB We project the effects of transitional changes among 60 vegetation and other land cover types ("ecotypes") in northwest Alaska over the 21st century on habitats of 162 bird and 39 mammal species known or expected to occur regularly in the region. This analysis, encompassing a broad suite of arctic and boreal wildlife species, entailed building wildlife-habitat matrices denoting levels of use of each ecotype by each species, and projecting habitat changes under historic and expected accelerated future rates of change from increasing mean annual air temperature based on the average of 5 global climate models under the A1B emissions scenario, and from potential influence of a set of 23 biophysical drivers. Under historic rates of change, we project that 52 % of the 201 species will experience an increase in medium- and high-use habitats, 3 % no change, and 45 % a decrease, and that a greater proportion of mammal species (62 %) will experience habitat declines than will bird species (50 %). Outcomes become more dire (more species showing habitat loss) under projections made from effects of biophysical drivers and especially from increasing temperature, although species generally associated with increasing shrub and tree ecotypes will likely increase in distribution. Changes in wildlife habitats likely will also affect trophic cascades, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services; of particular significance are the projected declines in habitats of most small mammals that form the prey base for mesocarnivores and raptors, and habitat declines in 25 of the 50 bird and mammal species used for subsistence hunting and trapping. C1 [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Lawler, James P.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Handel, Colleen M.; DeGange, Anthony R.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM bmarcot@fs.fed.us OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU Natural Resources Preservation Program (NRPP) of U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area FX We thank Leslie Holland-Bartels, Carl Markon, and Robert Winfree for their discussions and administrative guidance on the project. The bird- and mammal-ecotype associations were reviewed by Andrew Hope, David Gustine, and Dan Ruthrauff, and bird subsistence species were identified by Alex Whiting. We thank Andrew Hope, Robert Winfree, Knut Kielland, five anonymous reviewers, and an editor for comments on the manuscript. This project was funded through the Natural Resources Preservation Program (NRPP) of U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, and support in kind was provided by U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2015 VL 130 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1354-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG7EL UT WOS:000353465100007 ER PT J AU Shanley, CS Pyare, S Goldstein, MI Alaback, PB Albert, DM Beier, CM Brinkman, TJ Edwards, RT Hood, E MacKinnon, A McPhee, MV Patterson, TM Suring, LH Tallmon, DA Wipfli, MS AF Shanley, Colin S. Pyare, Sanjay Goldstein, Michael I. Alaback, Paul B. Albert, David M. Beier, Colin M. Brinkman, Todd J. Edwards, Rick T. Hood, Eran MacKinnon, Andy McPhee, Megan V. Patterson, Trista M. Suring, Lowell H. Tallmon, David A. Wipfli, Mark S. TI Climate change implications in the northern coastal temperate rainforest of North America SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK-TAILED DEER; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; YELLOW-CEDAR; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SITKA SPRUCE; SALMON AB We synthesized an expert review of climate change implications for hydroecological and terrestrial ecological systems in the northern coastal temperate rainforest of North America. Our synthesis is based on an analysis of projected temperature, precipitation, and snowfall stratified by eight biogeoclimatic provinces and three vegetation zones. Five IPCC CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are the basis for projections of mean annual temperature increasing from a current average (1961-1990) of 3.2 A degrees C to 4.9-6.9 A degrees C (5 GCM range; RCP4.5 scenario) or 6.4-8.7 A degrees C (RCP8.5), mean annual precipitation increasing from 3130 mm to 3210-3400 mm (3-9 % increase) or 3320-3690 mm (6-18 % increase), and total precipitation as snow decreasing from 1200 mm to 940-720 mm (22-40 % decrease) or 720-500 mm (40-58 % decrease) by the 2080s (2071-2100; 30-year normal period). These projected changes are anticipated to result in a cascade of ecosystem-level effects including: increased frequency of flooding and rain-on-snow events; an elevated snowline and reduced snowpack; changes in the timing and magnitude of stream flow, freshwater thermal regimes, and riverine nutrient exports; shrinking alpine habitats; altitudinal and latitudinal expansion of lowland and subalpine forest types; shifts in suitable habitat boundaries for vegetation and wildlife communities; adverse effects on species with rare ecological niches or limited dispersibility; and shifts in anadromous salmon distribution and productivity. Our collaborative synthesis of potential impacts highlights the coupling of social and ecological systems that characterize the region as well as a number of major information gaps to help guide assessments of future conditions and adaptive capacity. C1 [Shanley, Colin S.; Albert, David M.] Nature Conservancy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Pyare, Sanjay; Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci & Geog Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Goldstein, Michael I.] US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Alaback, Paul B.] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Beier, Colin M.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Scenarios Network Alaska & Arctic Planning, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Edwards, Rick T.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [MacKinnon, Andy] British Columbia Forest Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada. [McPhee, Megan V.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Patterson, Trista M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Suring, Lowell H.] Northern Ecol LLC, Suring, WI 54174 USA. [Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Shanley, CS (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 416 Harris St,Suite 301, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM cshanley@tnc.org FU Wilburforce Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative; NSF award [OIA-1208927]; state of Alaska FX We would like to thank the Wilburforce Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for funding C.S. Shanley to conduct the climate modeling and manuscript drafting. Wilburforce, along with the North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, provided support to M. I. Goldstein and S. Pyare for stimulating cross-boundary collaboration. Alaska EPSCoR NSF award #OIA-1208927 and the state of Alaska supported S. Pyare during the drafting of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 79 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2015 VL 130 IS 2 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1355-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG7EL UT WOS:000353465100008 ER PT J AU Vajda, AM Kumar, A Woods, M Williams, M Doan, H Tolsher, P Kookana, RS Barber, LB AF Vajda, Alan M. Kumar, Anupama Woods, Marianne Williams, Mike Doan, Hai Tolsher, Peter Kookana, Rai S. Barber, Larry B. TI INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT ESTROGENICITY IN THE UPPER MURRAY RIVER, AUSTRALIA, USING THE NATIVE MURRAY RAINBOWFISH (MELANOTAENIA FLUVIATILIS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Murray rainbowfish; Wastewater treatment plant effluent; Endocrine disruption; Estrogenicity ID MOSQUITOFISH GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; UNITED-KINGDOM; IN-VIVO; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; SEXUAL DISRUPTION; STEROID ESTROGEN; WILD FISH AB The contamination of major continental river systems by endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) derived from the discharge of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can affect human and ecosystem health. As part of a long-term effort to develop a native fish model organism for assessment of endocrine disruption in Australia's largest watershed, the Murray-Darling River Basin, the present study evaluated endocrine disruption in adult males of the native Australian Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) exposed to effluent from an activated sludge WWTP and water from the Murray River during a 28-d, continuous-flow, on-site experiment. Analysis of the WWTP effluent and river water detected estrone and 17-estradiol at concentrations up to approximately 25ngL(-1). Anti-estrogenicity of effluent samples was detected in vitro using yeast-based bioassays (yeast estrogen screen) throughout the experiment, but estrogenicity was limited to the first week of the experiment. Histological evaluation of the testes indicated significant suppression of spermatogenesis by WWTP effluent after 28d of exposure. Plasma vitellogenin concentrations and expression of vitellogenin messenger RNA in liver were not significantly affected by exposure to WWTP effluent. The combination of low contaminant concentrations in the WWTP effluent, limited endocrine disrupting effects in the Murray rainbowfish, and high in-stream dilution factors (>99%) suggest minimal endocrine disruption impacts on native Australian fish in the Murray River downstream from the WWTP outfall. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1078-1087. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Vajda, Alan M.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Kumar, Anupama; Woods, Marianne; Williams, Mike; Doan, Hai; Kookana, Rai S.] CSIRO Land & Water, Water Hlth Country Flagship, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Tolsher, Peter] EGL Management Serv, Wodonga, Vic, Australia. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Vajda, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM alan.vajda@ucdenver.edu RI Williams, Mike/I-1724-2013; Kookana, Rai/A-5170-2012; Kumar, Anu/E-9643-2011 OI Kookana, Rai/0000-0002-0477-3284; FU National Water Commission, Land and Water Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Water for Healthy Country Flagship; US Geological Survey (USGS) National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs FX The present study was supported by the National Water Commission, Land and Water Australia, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Water for Healthy Country Flagship, and the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs. Special thanks to S. Pearson and D. Kolpin. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS or CSIRO. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1078 EP 1087 DI 10.1002/etc.2895 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CG6LQ UT WOS:000353412800020 PM 25645549 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, CG Kunz, JL Hughes, JP Wang, N Ireland, DS Mount, DR Hockett, JR Valenti, TW AF Ingersoll, Chris G. Kunz, James L. Hughes, Jamie P. Wang, Ning Ireland, D. Scott Mount, David R. Hockett, J. Russell Valenti, Theodore W., Jr. TI RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF AN AMPHIPOD HYALELLA AZTECA, A MIDGE CHIRONOMUS DILUTUS, AND A UNIONID MUSSEL LAMPSILIS SILIQUOIDEA TO A TOXIC SEDIMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sediment toxicity; Benthic macroinvertebrates; Sediment quality guideline; Oil; Metals ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; QUALITY GUIDELINES; WATER; AMMONIA; TESTS; CONTAMINANTS; AREAS; ZINC; TERM AB The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relative sensitivity of test organisms in exposures to dilutions of a highly toxic sediment contaminated with metals and organic compounds. One dilution series was prepared using control sand (low total organic carbon [TOC; <0.1%, low binding capacity for contaminants]) and a second dilution series was prepared using control sediment from West Bearskin Lake, Minnesota, USA (high TOC [approximate to 10% TOC, higher binding capacity for contaminants]). Test organisms included an amphipod (Hyalella azteca; 10-d and 28-d exposures), a midge (Chironomus dilutus; 20-d and 48-d exposures started with <1-h-old larvae, and 13-d and 48-d exposures started with 7-d-old larvae), and a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea; 28-d exposures). Relative species sensitivity depended on the toxicity endpoint and the diluent. All 3 species were more sensitive in sand dilutions than in West Bearskin Lake sediment dilutions. The <1-h-old C. dilutus were more sensitive than 7-d-old C. dilutus, but replicate variability was high in exposures started with the younger midge larvae. Larval biomass and adult emergence endpoints of C. dilutus exhibited a similar sensitivity. Survival, weight, and biomass of H. azteca were more sensitive endpoints in 28-d exposures than in 10-d exposures. Weight and biomass of L. siliquoidea were sensitive endpoints in both sand and West Bearskin Lake sediment dilutions. Metals, ammonia, oil, and other organic contaminants may have contributed to the observed toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1134-1144. (c) 2015 The Authors. Published by SETAC. C1 [Ingersoll, Chris G.; Kunz, James L.; Hughes, Jamie P.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Ireland, D. Scott] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mount, David R.; Hockett, J. Russell; Valenti, Theodore W., Jr.] US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. [Valenti, Theodore W., Jr.] Syngenta Biotechnol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cingersoll@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency Region 5 FX We would like to thank the members of the Columbia Environmental Research Center Toxicology Branch for technical support. We thank T. Augspurger and 2 anonymous reviewers for providing comments on the manuscript. Funding for the present study was provided in part by US Environmental Protection Agency Region 5. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1134 EP 1144 DI 10.1002/etc.2909 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CG6LQ UT WOS:000353412800027 PM 25655578 ER PT J AU Kovach, RP Ellison, SC Pyare, S Tallmon, DA AF Kovach, Ryan P. Ellison, Stephen C. Pyare, Sanjay Tallmon, David A. TI Temporal patterns in adult salmon migration timing across southeast Alaska SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; heterogeneity; migration timing; phenology; phenotypic variation; salmon; synchrony; temperature ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SURVIVAL RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRESH-WATER; CHINOOK SALMON; PINK SALMON; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; FORECASTING PHENOLOGY AB Pacific salmon migration timing can drive population productivity, ecosystem dynamics, and human harvest. Nevertheless, little is known about long-term variation in salmon migration timing for multiple species across broad regions. We used long-term data for five Pacific salmon species throughout rapidly warming southeast Alaska to describe long-term changes in salmon migration timing, interannual phenological synchrony, relationships between climatic variation and migratory timing, and to test whether long-term changes in migration timing are related to glaciation in headwater streams. Temporal changes in the median date of salmon migration timing varied widely across species. Most sockeye populations are migrating later over time (11 of 14), but pink, chum, and especially coho populations are migrating earlier than they did historically (16 of 19 combined). Temporal trends in duration and interannual variation in migration timing were highly variable across species and populations. The greatest temporal shifts in the median date of migration timing were correlated with decreases in the duration of migration timing, suggestive of a loss of phenotypic variation due to natural selection. Pairwise interannual correlations in migration timing varied widely but were generally positive, providing evidence for weak region-wide phenological synchrony. This synchrony is likely a function of climatic variation, as interannual variation in migration timing was related to climatic phenomenon operating at large- (Pacific decadal oscillation), moderate- (sea surface temperature), and local-scales (precipitation). Surprisingly, the presence or the absence of glaciers within a watershed was unrelated to long-term shifts in phenology. Overall, there was extensive heterogeneity in long-term patterns of migration timing throughout this climatically and geographically complex region, highlighting that future climatic change will likely have widely divergent impacts on salmon migration timing. Although salmon phenological diversity will complicate future predictions of migration timing, this variation likely acts as a major contributor to population and ecosystem resiliency in southeast Alaska. C1 [Kovach, Ryan P.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.; Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Ellison, Stephen C.; Pyare, Sanjay] Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Kovach, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM rkovach@usgs.gov FU USGS Mendenhall Fellowship program; Alaska EPSCoR NSF award [OIA-1208927] FX We thank the numerous field technicians and weir operators from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration who collected these data. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. The USGS Mendenhall Fellowship program supported RPK. This research was prepared under Alaska EPSCoR NSF award #OIA-1208927. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1821 EP 1833 DI 10.1111/gcb.12829 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG3ZX UT WOS:000353220500007 PM 25482609 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Letcher, BH Hitt, NP Boughton, DA Wofford, JEB Zipkin, EF AF Kanno, Yoichiro Letcher, Benjamin H. Hitt, Nathaniel P. Boughton, David A. Wofford, John E. B. Zipkin, Elise F. TI Seasonal weather patterns drive population vital rates and persistence in a stream fish SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air temperature; climate change; count data; N-mixture models; precipitation; salmonids; stage-structured populations ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BROWN TROUT; DEMOGRAPHIC-ANALYSIS; STRUCTURED POPULATION; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; WATER TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; SALMO-TRUTTA AB Climate change affects seasonal weather patterns, but little is known about the relative importance of seasonal weather patterns on animal population vital rates. Even when such information exists, data are typically only available from intensive fieldwork (e.g., mark-recapture studies) at a limited spatial extent. Here, we investigated effects of seasonal air temperature and precipitation (fall, winter, and spring) on survival and recruitment of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at a broad spatial scale using a novel stage-structured population model. The data were a 15-year record of brook trout abundance from 72 sites distributed across a 170-km-long mountain range in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA. Population vital rates responded differently to weather and site-specific conditions. Specifically, young-of-year survival was most strongly affected by spring temperature, adult survival by elevation and per-capita recruitment by winter precipitation. Low fall precipitation and high winter precipitation, the latter of which is predicted to increase under climate change for the study region, had the strongest negative effects on trout populations. Simulations show that trout abundance could be greatly reduced under constant high winter precipitation, consistent with the expected effects of gravel-scouring flows on eggs and newly hatched individuals. However, high-elevation sites would be less vulnerable to local extinction because they supported higher adult survival. Furthermore, the majority of brook trout populations are projected to persist if high winter precipitation occurs only intermittently (3 of 5years) due to density-dependent recruitment. Variable drivers of vital rates should be commonly found in animal populations characterized by ontogenetic changes in habitat, and such stage-structured effects may increase population persistence to changing climate by not affecting all life stages simultaneously. Yet, our results also demonstrate that weather patterns during seemingly less consequential seasons (e.g., winter precipitation) can have major impacts on animal population dynamics. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Boughton, David A.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wofford, John E. B.] Shenandoah Natl Pk, Luray, VA 22835 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ykanno@clemson.edu FU US Geological Survey FX We thank the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program and more specifically Jim Atkinson and David Demarest for their efforts in the field. This manuscript is a contribution from a working group at the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the US Geological Survey. An earlier version of this manuscript was greatly improved by constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1856 EP 1870 DI 10.1111/gcb.12837 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG3ZX UT WOS:000353220500010 PM 25523515 ER PT J AU Miller, BV Lerch, RN Groves, CG Polk, JS AF Miller, Benjamin V. Lerch, Robert N. Groves, Christopher G. Polk, Jason S. TI Recharge mixing in a complex distributary spring system in the Missouri Ozarks, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Distributary springs; Karst; Groundwater/surface-water relations; Hydrochemistry; Conceptual models; USA ID KARST; CATCHMENTS; COMPONENTS; TRACERS; NEVADA; STREAM; CHINA AB Toronto Springs is a complex distributary karst spring system with 11 perennial springs in the Missouri Ozarks, USA. Carroll Cave (CC) and Wet Glaize Creek (WG) were previously identified as principal recharge sources. This study (1) characterized physical and chemical properties of springs and recharge sources; (2) developed end-member mixing models to estimate contributing proportions of CC and WG; and (3) created a conceptual model for the system. Samples analyzed for major ions and specific conductivity, in conjunction with a rotating continuous monitoring program to identify statistically comparable baseflow conditions, were used to assess differences among the sites. Monitoring data showed that the springs differed depending upon recharge proportions. Cluster analysis of average ion concentrations supported the choice of CC and WG as mixing model end members. Results showed a range in the proportions of the recharge sources, from surface-water to groundwater dominated. A conceptual model suggests that a system of distinct conduits beneath the WG flood plain transmits water to the individual springs. These conduits controlled the end-member recharge contributions and water chemistry of the springs. Interpretation of relative proportions of recharge contributions extends existing knowledge of karst hydrologic geometry beyond that of point-to-point connections to revealing complex surface-water/groundwater mixing in heterogeneous distributary spring systems. C1 [Miller, Benjamin V.; Groves, Christopher G.; Polk, Jason S.] Western Kentucky Univ, Hoffman Environm Res Inst, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Lerch, Robert N.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Miller, BV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM caverben@yahoo.com FU Missouri Speleological Survey; Cave Research Foundation; Carroll Cave Conservancy; National Speleological Society; Western Kentucky University FX The authors would like to thank the following organizations for their funding support of the project: Missouri Speleological Survey; Cave Research Foundation; Carroll Cave Conservancy; National Speleological Society; and Western Kentucky University. Special thanks to: Amber Spohn for her field work support in sample collection and datalogger maintenance, Lee Anne Bledsoe and Priscilla Baker from the Crawford Hydrology Laboratory for all of their assistance in the various aspects of the groundwater tracing, and Jeffery Crews with the Missouri Geological Survey for his assistance in obtaining information regarding geological mapping that had occurred in the study area. The authors would also like to thank the various landowners who provided access to many of the recharge features and to the numerous cavers who assisted in charcoal packet retrieval, dye injection assistance, and in the ongoing mapping of Carroll Cave. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 23 IS 3 BP 451 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s10040-014-1225-y PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CG3ZN UT WOS:000353219200004 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Teague, NF Hatzinger, PB Bohlke, JK Sturchio, NC AF Izbicki, John A. Teague, Nicholas F. Hatzinger, Paul B. Boehlke, J. K. Sturchio, Neil C. TI Groundwater movement, recharge, and perchlorate occurrence in a faulted alluvial aquifer in California (USA) SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE USA; Contamination; Groundwater flow; Hydrochemistry; Groundwater recharge ID NATURAL PERCHLORATE; SAN-BERNARDINO; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; BASIN; WATER; BIODEGRADATION AB Perchlorate from military, industrial, and legacy agricultural sources is present within an alluvial aquifer in the Rialto-Colton groundwater subbasin, 80 km east of Los Angeles, California (USA). The area is extensively faulted, with water-level differences exceeding 60 m across parts of the Rialto-Colton Fault separating the Rialto-Colton and Chino groundwater subbasins. Coupled well-bore flow and depth-dependent water-quality data show decreases in well yield and changes in water chemistry and isotopic composition, reflecting changing aquifer properties and groundwater recharge sources with depth. Perchlorate movement through some wells under unpumped conditions from shallower to deeper layers underlying mapped plumes was as high as 13 kg/year. Water-level maps suggest potential groundwater movement across the Rialto-Colton Fault through an overlying perched aquifer. Upward flow through a well in the Chino subbasin near the Rialto-Colton Fault suggests potential groundwater movement across the fault through permeable layers within partly consolidated deposits at depth. Although potentially important locally, movement of groundwater from the Rialto-Colton subbasin has not resulted in widespread occurrence of perchlorate within the Chino subbasin. Nitrate and perchlorate concentrations at the water table, associated with legacy agricultural fertilizer use, may be underestimated by data from long-screened wells that mix water from different depths within the aquifer. C1 [Izbicki, John A.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Teague, Nicholas F.] US Geol Survey, Calif WSC USA, San Diego, CA USA. [Hatzinger, Paul B.] CB Fed Serv, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Hatzinger, Paul B.] I Fed Serv, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, San Diego, CA USA. [Sturchio, Neil C.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov FU United States Department of Defense (DOD) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP); San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District (SBVMWD); US Geological Survey (USGS); US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Defense (DOD) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). Additional funding was provided cooperatively by the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District (SBVMWD) in cooperation with the US Geological Survey (USGS), and by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The authors thank local stakeholders, their staff, and their consultants who provided data, access to wells, and input to the project, including review of this manuscript, through the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC). Collection of well-bore flow and depth-dependent water-chemistry data from wells in this study would not have been possible without the support and assistance of Fontana Water District, City of Rialto, County of San Bernardino, and the US EPA. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 23 IS 3 BP 467 EP 491 DI 10.1007/s10040-014-1217-y PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CG3ZN UT WOS:000353219200005 ER PT J AU Miller, BV Lerch, RN Groves, CG Polk, JS AF Miller, Benjamin V. Lerch, Robert N. Groves, Christopher G. Polk, Jason S. TI Recharge mixing in a complex distributary spring system in the Missouri Ozarks, USA (vol 23, pg 451, 2015) SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Miller, Benjamin V.; Groves, Christopher G.; Polk, Jason S.] Western Kentucky Univ, Hoffman Environm Res Inst, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Lerch, Robert N.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Miller, BV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM caverben@yahoo.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 23 IS 3 BP 611 EP 612 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1253-2 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CG3ZN UT WOS:000353219200013 ER PT J AU Schmeller, DS Julliard, R Bellingham, PJ Bohm, M Brummitt, N Chiarucci, A Couvet, D Elmendorf, S Forsyth, DM Moreno, JG Gregory, RD Magnusson, WE Martin, LJ McGeoch, MA Mihoub, JB Pereira, HM Proenca, V van Swaay, CAM Yahara, T Belnap, J AF Schmeller, Dirk S. Julliard, Romain Bellingham, Peter J. Boehm, Monika Brummitt, Neil Chiarucci, Alessandro Couvet, Denis Elmendorf, Sarah Forsyth, David M. Moreno, Jaime Garcia Gregory, Richard D. Magnusson, William E. Martin, Laura J. McGeoch, Melodie A. Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste Pereira, Henrique M. Proenca, Vania van Swaay, Chris A. M. Yahara, Tetsukazu Belnap, Jayne TI Towards a global terrestrial species monitoring program SO JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Convention on Biological Diversity; Essential Biodiversity Variable; Group of Earth Observation Biodiversity; Observation Network; GEO System of Systems ID MULTIPLE POLITICAL JURISDICTIONS; L-BAND SAR; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH; POPULATION TRENDS; AERIAL VEHICLES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CAMERA TRAPS; RANGE SHIFTS; LARGE-SCALE AB The Convention on Biological Diversity's strategic plan lays out five goals: "(A) address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society; (B) reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use; (C) improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity; (D) enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services; (E) enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building." To meet and inform on the progress towards these goals, a globally coordinated approach is needed for biodiversity monitoring that is linked to environmental data and covers all biogeographic regions. During a series of workshops and expert discussions, we identified nine requirements that we believe are necessary for developing and implementing such a global terrestrial species monitoring program. The program needs to design and implement an integrated information chain from monitoring to policy reporting, to create and implement minimal data standards and common monitoring protocols to be able to inform Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs), and to develop and optimize semantics and ontologies for data interoperability and modelling. In order to achieve this, the program needs to coordinate diverse but complementary local nodes and partnerships. In addition, capacities need to be built for technical tasks, and new monitoring technologies need to be integrated. Finally, a global monitoring program needs to facilitate and secure funding for the collection of long-term data and to detect and fill gaps in under-observed regions and taxa. The accomplishment of these nine requirements is essential in order to ensure data is comprehensive, to develop robust models, and to monitor biodiversity trends over large scales. A global terrestrial species monitoring program will enable researchers and policymakers to better understand the status and trends of biodiversity. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmeller, Dirk S.; Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Conservat Biol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Schmeller, Dirk S.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, INPT, EcoLab,Lab Ecol Fonct & Environn, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Schmeller, Dirk S.] CNRS, EcoLab, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Julliard, Romain; Couvet, Denis] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, CESCO, F-75005 Paris, France. [Bellingham, Peter J.] Landcare Res, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. [Boehm, Monika] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Brummitt, Neil] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Chiarucci, Alessandro] Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Elmendorf, Sarah] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Forsyth, David M.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Environm & Primary Ind, Heidelberg, Vic 2084, Australia. [Forsyth, David M.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Gregory, Richard D.] Royal Soc Protect Birds, Ctr Conservat Sci, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Magnusson, William E.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69080971 Manaus, AM, Brazil. [Martin, Laura J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McGeoch, Melodie A.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Pereira, Henrique M.] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Pereira, Henrique M.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06108 Halle, Germany. [Proenca, Vania] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Innovat Technol & Policy Res, ACAE DEM, Inst Super Tecn,IN, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [van Swaay, Chris A. M.] Dutch Butterfly Conservat, NL-6700 AM Wageningen, Netherlands. [van Swaay, Chris A. M.] Butterfly Conservat Europe, NL-6700 AM Wageningen, Netherlands. [Yahara, Tetsukazu] Kyushu Univ, Dept Biol, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Schmeller, DS (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Conservat Biol, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM ds@die-schmellers.de RI Proenca, Vania/H-9372-2013; Schmeller, Dirk/F-4324-2010; Pereira, Henrique/B-3975-2009; Chiarucci, Alessandro/D-2622-2009; iDiv, Deutsches Zentrum/B-5164-2016; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; OI Proenca, Vania/0000-0001-8245-357X; Schmeller, Dirk/0000-0002-3860-9933; Pereira, Henrique/0000-0003-1043-1675; Chiarucci, Alessandro/0000-0003-1160-235X; Forsyth, David/0000-0001-5356-9573; McGeoch, Melodie/0000-0003-3388-2241 NR 85 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 13 U2 104 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1617-1381 EI 1618-1093 J9 J NAT CONSERV JI J. Nat. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 25 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.jnc.2015.03.003 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG5NV UT WOS:000353339700007 ER PT J AU Barber-Meyer, SM AF Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. TI Trophic cascades from wolves to grizzly bears or changing abundance of bears and alternate foods? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Canis lupus; grizzly bear; scat; serviceberry; study design; trophic cascades; Ursus arctos; wolf; Yellowstone ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; NATIONAL-PARK; WOLF; DIET C1 [Barber-Meyer, Shannon M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Barber-Meyer, SM (reprint author), USGS, 1393 Hwy 169, Ely, MN 55731 USA. EM sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov OI Barber-Meyer, Shannon/0000-0002-3048-2616 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 84 IS 3 BP 647 EP 651 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12338 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CG6JD UT WOS:000353405300007 PM 25732302 ER PT J AU Lawrence, DJ Beauchamp, DA Olden, JD AF Lawrence, David J. Beauchamp, David A. Olden, Julian D. TI Life-stage-specific physiology defines invasion extent of a riverine fish SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergetic modelling; ectotherm; mechanistic species distribution modelling; Micropterus dolomieu; non-native species; smallmouth bass ID ELEVATIONAL RANGE LIMITS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU; MECHANISTIC MODELS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FUNDAMENTAL NICHE; TEMPERATURE; SALMON; SIZE AB Many ecologists have called for mechanism-based investigations to identify the underlying controls on species distributions. Understanding these controls can be especially useful to construct robust predictions of how a species range may change in response to climate change or the extent to which a non-native species may spread in novel environments. Here, we link spatially intensive observations with mechanistic models to illustrate how physiology determines the upstream extent of the aquatic ectotherm smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in two headwater rivers. Our results demonstrate that as temperatures become increasingly cold across a downstream to upstream gradient, food consumption in age 0 bass becomes increasingly constrained, and as a result, these fish become growth limited. Sufficient first summer growth of age 0 bass is essential for overwinter survival because young bass must persist from energy reserves accumulated during the summer, and those reserves are determined by body size. Our field data reveal the upstream extent of adult bass reproduction corresponds to a point in the downstream/upstream gradient where cold temperatures impair growth opportunities in young bass. This pattern was repeated in both study streams and explained why bass positioned nests twice as far upstream in the warm compared to the cold stream in the same basin. Placement of spawning nests by adult bass is likely subject to strong evolutionary selection in temperate systems: if bass spawn too far upstream, their young are unlikely to grow large enough to survive the winter. Consumption and growth in older bass (age 3-4) was far less sensitive to temperature. Based on these data, we suggest that temperature-sensitive age 0 bass constrain the upstream distribution limits of bass within temperate streams. In this study, we investigated how temperature-dependent physiology changed through the life history of a species and, in doing so, identified a climate-sensitive life-history stage that likely sets the distributional limits of all other life-history stages. We anticipate the framework developed here could be employed to identify how similar stage-specific environmental sensitivity determines distribution in many other ectothermic species. C1 [Lawrence, David J.; Beauchamp, David A.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lawrence, DJ (reprint author), Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM david.lawrence@nfwf.org OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR Program [833834]; Northwest Climate Science Center; University of Washington; University of Washington Office of Animal Welfare IACUC [4172-01] FX We thank L. Morrow and E. Winther for conducting age analysis on our bass scales and E. Morgan and C. Levy for analysing the bass diets. A. Ruesch, A. Maxwell, C. Clifton and D. Robison provided some of the water temperature data used here. B. Stewart-Koster helped program the R-based version of the bioenergetic model we used to calculate fish growth. T. Pool, A. Strecker, L. Kuehne, E. Larson and C. Biggs were essential field assistants. The manuscript was improved based on comments from three anonymous reviewers. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR Program (grant # 833834), a Northwest Climate Science Center Graduate Fellowship awarded to D.J.L. and the University of Washington H. Mason Keeler Endowed Professorship to J.D.O. Handling and care of vertebrates during this investigation were covered under the auspices of the University of Washington Office of Animal Welfare IACUC protocol #4172-01. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 84 IS 3 BP 879 EP 888 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12332 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CG6JD UT WOS:000353405300030 PM 25582953 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Webb, RH Housman, DC Veblen, KE Nussear, KE Beever, EA Hartney, KB Miriti, MN Phillips, SL Fulton, RE Tallent, NG AF Munson, Seth M. Webb, Robert H. Housman, David C. Veblen, Kari E. Nussear, Kenneth E. Beever, Erik A. Hartney, Kristine B. Miriti, Maria N. Phillips, Susan L. Fulton, Robert E. Tallent, Nita G. TI Long-term plant responses to climate are moderated by biophysical attributes in a North American desert SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aridity; climate change; deserts and dryland ecosystems; drought impacts; ecohydrology; land degradation; Mojave Desert; plant species cover; plant-climate interactions ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; 3 GEOMORPHIC SURFACES; MOJAVE-DESERT; SOIL-WATER; VEGETATION CHANGES; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SHRUBS; CALIFORNIA; DROUGHT; NEVADA AB Recent elevated temperatures and prolonged droughts in many already water-limited regions throughout the world, including the southwestern United States, are likely to intensify according to future climate-model projections. This warming and drying can negatively affect perennial vegetation and lead to the degradation of ecosystem properties. To better understand these detrimental effects, we formulate a conceptual model of dryland ecosystem vulnerability to climate change that integrates hypotheses on how plant species will respond to increases in temperature and drought, including how plant responses to climate are modified by landscape, soil and plant attributes that are integral to water availability and use. We test the model through a synthesis of fifty years of repeat measurements of perennial plant species cover in large permanent plots across the Mojave Desert, one of the most water-limited ecosystems in North America. Plant species ranged in their sensitivity to precipitation in different seasons, capacity to increase in cover with high precipitation and resistance to decrease in cover with low precipitation. Our model successfully explains how plant responses to climate are modified by biophysical attributes in the Mojave Desert. For example, deep-rooted plants were not as vulnerable to drought on soils that allowed for deep-water percolation, whereas shallow-rooted plants were better buffered from drought on soils that promoted water retention near the surface.Synthesis. Our results emphasize the importance of understanding climate-vegetation relationships in the context of biophysical attributes that influence water availability and provide an important forecast of climate-change effects, including plant mortality and land degradation in dryland regions throughout the world. C1 [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Webb, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Housman, David C.] Directorate Publ Works, Environm Div, Ft Irwin, CA 92310 USA. [Veblen, Kari E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Veblen, Kari E.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Nussear, Kenneth E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Hartney, Kristine B.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Coll Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Miriti, Maria N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Phillips, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Fulton, Robert E.] Calif State Univ, Desert Studies Ctr, Baker, CA 92309 USA. [Tallent, Nita G.] Mojave Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network, Natl Pk Serv, Boulder City, NV 89005 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov RI Veblen, Kari/D-1439-2012 OI Veblen, Kari/0000-0001-7523-3368 FU U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends Program; National Park Service FX The authors thank Helen Raichle, Margaret Snyder, Mike Duniway and Janel Brackin for their technical assistance and funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends Program and the National Park Service. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 20 U2 97 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 103 IS 3 BP 657 EP 668 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12381 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG9MS UT WOS:000353640500013 ER PT J AU Jo, MJ Jung, HS Won, JS Poland, MP Miklius, A Lu, Z AF Jo, Min-Jeong Jung, Hyung-Sup Won, Joong-Sun Poland, Michael P. Miklius, Asta Lu, Zhong TI Measurement of slow-moving along-track displacement from an efficient multiple-aperture SAR interferometry (MAI) stacking SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Along-track displacement; SAR interferometry; MAI; Stacking; Kilauea Volcano ID SURFACE DEFORMATION; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; KILAUEA VOLCANO; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SATELLITE RADAR; HECTOR MINE; FAULT; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; HAWAII AB Multiple-aperture SAR interferometry (MAI) has demonstrated outstanding measurement accuracy of along-track displacement when compared to pixel-offset-tracking methods; however, measuring slow-moving (cm/year) surface displacement remains a challenge. Stacking of multi-temporal observations is a potential approach to reducing noise and increasing measurement accuracy, but it is difficult to achieve a significant improvement by applying traditional stacking methods to multi-temporal MAI interferograms. This paper proposes an efficient MAI stacking method, where multi-temporal forward- and backward-looking residual interferograms are individually stacked before the MAI interferogram is generated. We tested the performance of this method using ENVISAT data from KA << lauea Volcano, Hawai'i, where displacement on the order of several centimeters per year is common. By comparing results from the proposed stacking methods with displacements from GPS data, we documented measurement accuracies of about 1.03 and 1.07 cm/year for the descending and ascending tracks, respectively-an improvement of about a factor of two when compared with that from the conventional stacking approach. Three-dimensional surface-displacement maps can be constructed by combining stacked InSAR and MAI observations, which will contribute to a better understanding of a variety of geological phenomena. C1 [Jo, Min-Jeong; Won, Joong-Sun] Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jung, Hyung-Sup] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea. [Poland, Michael P.; Miklius, Asta] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Lu, Zhong] So Methodist Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Jung, HS (reprint author), Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, 90 Jeonnong Dong, Seoul 130743, South Korea. EM owen009@yonsei.ac.kr; hsjung@uos.ac.kr; jswon@yonsei.ac.kr; mpoland@usgs.gov; asta@usgs.gov; zhonglu@mail.smu.edu OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123; Jung, Hyung-Sup/0000-0003-2335-8438 FU Space Core Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea; ministry of education, science and technology [2012M1A3A3A02033465]; MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning); NRF (National Research Foundation of Korea) [2013M1A3A3A02042314]; USGS; NSF; NASA FX The research described in this paper was carried out with financial support from the Space Core Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the ministry of education, science and technology (2012M1A3A3A02033465). This study also supported by the MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) and NRF (National Research Foundation of Korea) under the Space Core Technology Development Program (project id: 2013M1A3A3A02042314). The Hawai'i GPS network is supported by grants from the USGS, NSF, and NASA, and is operated in collaboration by the USGS, Stanford University, and Pacific GPS Facility at the University of Hawai'i. GPS RINEX data are archived at UNAVCO. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD MAY PY 2015 VL 89 IS 5 BP 411 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s00190-014-0786-9 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA CF9PX UT WOS:000352898800001 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Stabile, FA AF Woodman, Neal Stabile, Frank A. TI Functional Skeletal Morphology and Its Implications for Locomotory Behavior Among Three Genera of Myosoricine Shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anatomy; digging; fossorial; Insectivora; Soricomorpha; substrate use; terrestrial ID INTRINSIC HAND PROPORTIONS; FOSSORIAL ADAPTATIONS; MYOSOREX MAMMALIA; GENUS CRYPTOTIS; EVOLUTION; SCANDENTIA; DIVERSITY; DIVERSIFICATION; MARSUPIALS; TUPAIIDAE AB Myosoricinae is a small clade of shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) that is currently restricted to the African continent. Individual species have limited distributions that are often associated with higher elevations. Although the majority of species in the subfamily are considered ambulatory in their locomotory behavior, species of the myosoricine genus Surdisorex are known to be semifossorial. To better characterize variation in locomotory behaviors among myosoricines, we calculated 32 morphological indices from skeletal measurements from nine species representing all three genera that comprise the subfamily (i.e., Congosorex, Myosorex, Surdisorex) and compared them to indices calculated for two species with well-documented locomotory behaviors: the ambulatory talpid Uropsilus soricipes and the semifossorial talpid Neurotrichus gibbsii. We summarized the 22 most complete morphological variables by 1) calculating a mean percentile rank for each species and 2) using the first principal component from principal component analysis of the indices. The two methods yielded similar results and indicate grades of adaptations reflecting a range of potential locomotory behaviors from ambulatory to semifossorial that exceeds the range represented by the two talpids. Morphological variation reflecting grades of increased semifossoriality among myosoricine shrews is similar in many respects to that seen for soricines, but some features are unique to the Myosoricinae. J. Morphol. 276:550-563, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Stabile, Frank A.] Coll New Jersey, Dept Biol, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 FU National Science Foundation [through the Natural History Research Experiences Program of the United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM)] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation [through the Natural History Research Experiences Program of the United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM) (to F.A.S)]. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 276 IS 5 BP 550 EP 563 DI 10.1002/jmor.20365 PG 14 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA CG4DU UT WOS:000353234000007 PM 25678028 ER PT J AU Proctor, MF Nielsen, SE Kasworm, WF Servheen, C Radandt, TG Machutchon, AG Boyce, MS AF Proctor, Michael F. Nielsen, Scott E. Kasworm, Wayne F. Servheen, Chris Radandt, Thomas G. Machutchon, A. Grant Boyce, Mark S. TI Grizzly Bear Connectivity Mapping in the Canada-United States Trans-Border Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE circuit theory; GPS telemetry; grizzly bear; population fragmentation; resource selection function; RSF; trans-border; Ursus arctos ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; WEST-CENTRAL ALBERTA; BANFF NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT SELECTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BROWN BEARS; GPS COLLAR; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; SWAN MOUNTAINS; MORTALITY RISK AB Fragmentation is a growing threat to wildlife worldwide and managers need solutions to reverse its impacts on species' populations. Populations of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), often considered an umbrella and focal species for large mammal conservation, are fragmented by human settlement and major highways in the trans-border region of southern British Columbia, northern Montana, Idaho, and northeastern Washington. To improve prospects for bear movement among 5 small fragmented grizzly bear subpopulations, we asked 2 inter-related questions: Are there preferred linkage habitats for grizzly bears across settled valleys with major highways in the fragmented trans-border region, and if so, could we predict them using a combination of resource selection functions and human settlement patterns? We estimated a resource selection function (RSF) to identify high quality backcountry core habitat and to predict front-country linkage areas using global positioning system (GPS) telemetry locations representing an average of 12 relocations per day from 27 grizzly bears (13F, 14M). We used RSF models and data on human presence (building density) to inform cost surfaces for connectivity network analyses identifying linkage areas based on least-cost path, corridor, and circuit theory methods. We identified 60 trans-border (Canada-USA) linkage areas across all major highways and settlement zones in the Purcell, Selkirk, and Cabinet Mountains encompassing 24% of total highway length. We tested the correspondence of the core and linkage areas predicted from models with grizzly bear use based on bear GPS telemetry locations and movement data. Highway crossings were relatively rare; however, 88% of 122 crossings from 13 of our bears were within predicted linkage areas (mean=8.3 crossings/bear, SE=2.8, range 1-31, 3 bears with 1 crossing) indicating bears use linkage habitat that could be predicted with an RSF. Long-term persistence of small fragmented grizzly bear populations will require management of connectivity with larger populations. Linkage areas identified here could inform such efforts. (c) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Proctor, Michael F.] Birchdale Ecol Ltd, Kaslo, BC V0G 1M0, Canada. [Nielsen, Scott E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Kasworm, Wayne F.; Radandt, Thomas G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Libby, MT 59923 USA. [Servheen, Chris] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Boyce, Mark S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Proctor, MF (reprint author), Birchdale Ecol Ltd, POB 606, Kaslo, BC V0G 1M0, Canada. EM mproctor@netidea.com RI Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014 OI Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X FU Alberta Ingenuity; BC Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation; Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program; Wilburforce Foundation; Nature Conservancy Canada; Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative; Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area; Kootenay National Forest; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks FX We thank the many funders for supporting this project, including Alberta Ingenuity for their Post Doctoral Fellowship, BC Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation, Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program, Wilburforce Foundation, Nature Conservancy Canada, Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative, Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area, Kootenay National Forest, and Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. We also appreciate the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Liz Claiborne & Art Ortenberg Foundation, Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative, the United States Federal Highway Administration, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for supporting ecological and conservation efforts in Canada. We thank Parks Canada personnel B. Fyten, S. Michel, J. Flaa, G. Skinner, T. Winkler, and B. Burley and USFWS field biologists H. Carriles, M. Gould, M. McCollister, A. Welander, and R. Williamson, for help in trapping bears. NR 109 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 79 IS 4 BP 544 EP 558 DI 10.1002/jwmg.862 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CG3YW UT WOS:000353217100004 ER PT J AU Pilliod, DS Scherer, RD AF Pilliod, David S. Scherer, Rick D. TI Managing Habitat to Slow or Reverse Population Declines of the Columbia Spotted Frog in the Northern Great Basin SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibian; anuran; apparent survival; demography; drought; habitat management; Idaho; mark-recapture; Rana luteiventris; recruitment ID RANA-LUTEIVENTRIS; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LIFE-HISTORY; BOREAL TOADS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SURVIVAL ESTIMATION; WETLANDS; RECRUITMENT AB Evaluating the effectiveness of habitat management actions is critical to adaptive management strategies for conservation of imperiled species. We quantified the response of a Great Basin population of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) to multiple habitat improvement actions aimed to reduce threats and reverse population declines. We used mark-recapture data for 1,394 adult frogs that had been marked by state, federal, and university biologists in 9 ponds representing a single population over a 16-year period from 1997 to 2012. With the use of demographic models, we assessed population-level effects of 1) a grazing exclosure constructed around 6 stock ponds that had been used to water livestock for decades before being fully fenced in 2003, and 2) the construction of 3 new stock ponds in 2003 to provide alternative water sources for livestock and, secondarily, to provide additional frog habitat. These management actions were implemented in response to a decline of more than 80% in population size from 1997 to 2002. We found evidence that excluding cattle from ponds and surrounding riparian habitats resulted in higher levels of frog production (more egg masses), higher adult frog recruitment and survival, and higher population growth rate. We also found that frogs colonized the newly constructed stock ponds within 3 years and frogs began breeding in 2 of them after 5 years. The positive effects of the cattle exclosure and additional production from the new ponds, although notable, did not result in full recovery of the population even 9 years later. This slow recovery may be partly explained by the effects of weather on recruitment rates, particularly the negative effects of harsher winters with late springs and higher fall temperatures. Although our findings point to potential successes of habitat management aimed at slowing or reversing rapidly declining frog populations, our study also suggests that recovering from severe population declines can take many years because of demographic and environmental processes. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Scherer, Rick D.] Conservat Sci Partners, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Pilliod, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dpilliod@usgs.gov FU Boise State University; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank everyone who assisted with field work and project management, especially M. Blankinship, B. Bosworth, J. Engle, B. Haak, H. Lingo, K. Lohr, A. Moser, J. Munger, K. Oelrich, and G. Patton. J. Welty and R. Arkle assisted with maps and weather data. K. Lohr and several anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by Boise State University, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 79 IS 4 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.1002/jwmg.868 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CG3YW UT WOS:000353217100007 ER PT J AU Peters, DC Brooke, JM Tanner, EP Unger, AM Keyser, PD Harper, CA Clark, JD Morgan, JJ AF Peters, David C. Brooke, Jarred M. Tanner, Evan P. Unger, Ashley M. Keyser, Patrick D. Harper, Craig A. Clark, Joseph D. Morgan, John J. TI Impact of Experimental Habitat Manipulation on Northern Bobwhite Survival SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colinus virginianus; habitat management; northern bobwhite; Peabody WMA; Program MARK; reclaimed surface mine; survival ID RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS; COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; HOME-RANGE; MARKED ANIMALS; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; MORTALITY; QUALITY; SEASON; GRASSLAND AB Habitat management for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) should affect vital rates, but direct linkages with survival are not well documented; therefore, we implemented an experiment to evaluate those responses. We conducted our experiment on a reclaimed surface mine, a novel landscape where conditions were considered sub-optimal because of the dominance of non-native vegetation, such as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata), which has been reported to provide marginal habitat for northern bobwhite and may negatively affect survival. Nonetheless, these areas have great potential for contributing to bobwhite conservation because of the amount of early successional cover they provide. Our study site, a 3,330-ha reclaimed surface mine in western Kentucky, consisted of 2 tracts (Sinclair and Ken, 1,471ha and 1,853ha, respectively) that served as replicates with each randomly divided into a treatment (i.e., habitat manipulation through a combination of disking, burning, and herbicide application) and an undisturbed control (n=4 experimental units). Habitat treatments were applied October 2009 to September 2013. We used radio telemetry to monitor northern bobwhite (n=1,198) during summer (1 Apr-30 Sep) and winter (1 Oct-31 Mar), 2009-2013. We used the known-fate model in Program MARK to evaluate treatment effects on seasonal survival rates. We included biological, home-range, landscape, and microhabitat metrics as covariates to help improve model sensitivity and further elucidate experimental impacts. Survival varied annually, ranging from 0.139 (SE=0.031) to 0.301 (SE=0.032), and seasonally (summer, 0.148 [SE=0.015]; winter, 0.281 [SE=0.022]). We found a treatment effect (=0.256, 95% CI=0.057-0.456) with a seasonal interaction (=-0.598, 95% CI=-0.898 to -0.298) with survival being higher in summer (0.179 [SE=0.022] vs. 0.109 [SE=0.019]) and lower in winter (0.233 [SE=0.025] vs. 0.355 [SE=0.035]) on treatment than control units. Among habitat covariates, litter depth (=-0.387, 95%CI=-0.5809 to -0.1930) was the most influential effect (negative) on survival. Additional experiments across a wider range of habitat conditions may be required to determine management intensity or duration thresholds required to elicit greater changes in survival for northern bobwhite populations. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Peters, David C.; Brooke, Jarred M.; Tanner, Evan P.; Unger, Ashley M.; Keyser, Patrick D.; Harper, Craig A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ellington Plant Sci 274, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ellington Plant Sci 274, Southern Appalachian Res Branch,US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Morgan, John J.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Peters, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ellington Plant Sci 274, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dcp2008_18@hotmail.com RI Tanner, Evan/K-9325-2015 OI Tanner, Evan/0000-0003-0063-7004 FU Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) through Wildlife Restoration Grant Program funds; University of Tennessee, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries; Quail Forever FX Funding was provided by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) through Wildlife Restoration Grant Program funds, The University of Tennessee, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, and Quail Forever. We thank E. S. Williams, F. L. Adkins, J. R. Arnold, and their technicians (KDFWR) for conducting habitat management on PWMA and managing project logistics. We are very grateful for the numerous research technicians who helped collect data throughout the project. Finally, thanks to M. K. Wethingon (KDFWR), who assisted with vegetation classification and B. A. Robinson (KDFWR) for his continued support and logistical help on the project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 79 IS 4 BP 605 EP 617 DI 10.1002/jwmg.873 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CG3YW UT WOS:000353217100009 ER PT J AU Drake, KK Esque, TC Nussear, KE Defalco, LA Scoles-Sciulla, SJ Modlin, AT Medica, PA AF Drake, K. Kristina Esque, Todd C. Nussear, Kenneth E. Defalco, Lesley A. Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J. Modlin, Andrew T. Medica, Philip A. TI Desert Tortoise Use of Burned Habitat in the Eastern Mojave Desert SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; critical habitat; Gopherus agassizii; habitat use; invasive annuals; movement; Nevada; wildfire ID CREOSOTE BUSH SCRUB; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; SONORAN DESERTS; MONTE DESERT; FIRE; CALIFORNIA; WILDFIRE; SURVIVORSHIP; SUCCESSION; VEGETATION AB Wildfires burned 24,254ha of critical habitat designated for the recovery of the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in southern Nevada during 2005. The proliferation of non-native annual grasses has increased wildfire frequency and extent in recent decades and continues to accelerate the conversion of tortoise habitat across the Mojave Desert. Immediate changes to vegetation are expected to reduce quality of critical habitat, yet whether tortoises will use burned and recovering habitat differently from intact unburned habitat is unknown. We compared movement patterns, home-range size, behavior, microhabitat use, reproduction, and survival for adult desert tortoises located in, and adjacent to, burned habitat to understand how tortoises respond to recovering burned habitat. Approximately 45% of home ranges in the post-fire environment contained burned habitat, and numerous observations (n=12,223) corroborated tortoise use of both habitat types (52% unburned, 48% burned). Tortoises moved progressively deeper into burned habitat during the first 5 years following the fire, frequently foraging in burned habitats that had abundant annual plants, and returning to adjacent unburned habitat for cover provided by intact perennial vegetation. However, by years 6 and 7, the live cover of the short-lived herbaceous perennial desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua) that typically re-colonizes burned areas declined, resulting in a contraction of tortoise movements from the burned areas. Health and egg production were similar between burned and unburned areas indicating that tortoises were able to acquire necessary resources using both areas. This study documents that adult Mojave desert tortoises continue to use habitat burned once by wildfire. Thus, continued management of this burned habitat may contribute toward the recovery of the species in the face of many sources of habitat loss. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Drake, K. Kristina; Esque, Todd C.; Defalco, Lesley A.; Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J.; Modlin, Andrew T.; Medica, Philip A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Nussear, Kenneth E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Drake, KK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 North Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM todd_esque@usgs.gov FU BLM Emergency Stabilization and Rehabilitation Program; Clark County Desert Conservation Program [2009-USGS-808A]; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program; Coyote Springs Investment Corporation FX We would like to thank many people for their field assistance in vegetation and tortoise monitoring during this study, especially R. Inman, K. Vittum, C. Phillips, S. Snyder, B. Jacobs, M. Walden, F. Chen, V. Van Zerr, R. Kunicki, A. Terry, J. Willand, E. Sinnott, A. Chaney, D. Essary, T. Carmona, B. Reynolds, J. Jay, R. Lamkin, A. Berger, M. Kang, P. Cosmann, P. Emblidge, C. Aiello, R. Saulino, R. Lamkin, K. Bauer, A. Smith, S. Steel, P. Van Linn, K. Huxster, M. Poelman, B. Waitman, and many Student Conservation Association interns. Additionally, we thank M. Bunyon, C. Lund, A. Styles, K. Field, L. Allison, and R. Averill-Murray for providing technical, economical, and logistical support for this research. We appreciate constructive comments made by B. Halstead and 2 anonymous reviewers that significantly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the BLM Emergency Stabilization and Rehabilitation Program, Clark County Desert Conservation Program (Project # 2009-USGS-808A), USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program, and Coyote Springs Investment Corporation. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 79 IS 4 BP 618 EP 629 DI 10.1002/jwmg.874 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CG3YW UT WOS:000353217100010 ER PT J AU Hansen, SJK Frair, JL Underwood, HB Gibbs, JP AF Hansen, Sara J. K. Frair, Jacqueline L. Underwood, H. Brian Gibbs, James P. TI Pairing Call-Response Surveys and Distance Sampling for a Mammalian Carnivore SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE call-response; Canis latrans; coyote; detection-corrected index; distance sampling; New York State; point transects; population monitoring; probability of detection; vocalization surveys ID POPULATION-DENSITY; PASSIVE ACOUSTICS; BROADCAST SURVEYS; VOCAL RESPONSE; CANIS-LATRANS; POINT COUNTS; MARSH BIRDS; PLAYBACK; COYOTES; ABUNDANCE AB Density estimates accounting for differential animal detectability are difficult to acquire for wide-ranging and elusive species such as mammalian carnivores. Pairing distance sampling with call-response surveys may provide an efficient means of tracking changes in populations of coyotes (Canis latrans), a species of particular interest in the eastern United States. Blind field trials in rural New York State indicated 119-m linear error for triangulated coyote calls, and a 1.8-km distance threshold for call detectability, which was sufficient to estimate a detection function with precision using distance sampling. We conducted statewide road-based surveys with sampling locations spaced 6km apart from June to August 2010. Each detected call (be it a single or group) counted as a single object, representing 1 territorial pair, because of uncertainty in the number of vocalizing animals. From 524 survey points and 75 detections, we estimated the probability of detecting a calling coyote to be 0.17 +/- 0.02 SE, yielding a detection-corrected index of 0.75 pairs/10 km(2) (95% CI: 0.52-1.1, 18.5% CV) for a minimum of 8,133 pairs across rural New York State. Importantly, we consider this an index rather than true estimate of abundance given the unknown probability of coyote availability for detection during our surveys. Even so, pairing distance sampling with call-response surveys provided a novel, efficient, and noninvasive means of monitoring populations of wide-ranging and elusive, albeit reliably vocal, mammalian carnivores. Our approach offers an effective new means of tracking species like coyotes, one that is readily extendable to other species and geographic extents, provided key assumptions of distance sampling are met. (c) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hansen, Sara J. K.; Frair, Jacqueline L.; Gibbs, James P.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Underwood, H. Brian] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Hansen, SJK (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM sjhansen@syr.edu FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry; Edna Bailey Sussman Foundation; American Wildlife Conservation Foundation FX Funding was provided by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Edna Bailey Sussman Foundation, and the American Wildlife Conservation Foundation. A. Harrington, A. Trautwig, A. Vitale, C. Lockerby, C. Miller, D. Quinn, M. Richey, M. Wheeler, N. Deuel, and S. Lauricella conducted field surveys, with logistical support from G. Batcheller, A. MacDuff, and S. Smith. M. Hansen and D. Frair provided technical support and R. Holevinski provided GPS collar data. K. McKelvey and an anonymous reviewer provided critical reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 95 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 79 IS 4 BP 662 EP 671 DI 10.1002/jwmg.865 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CG3YW UT WOS:000353217100014 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Stapanian, MA Cott, PA Krabbenhoft, DP Edwards, WH Ogilvie, LM Mychek-Londer, JG DeWild, JF AF Madenjian, Charles P. Stapanian, Martin A. Cott, Peter A. Krabbenhoft, David P. Edwards, William H. Ogilvie, Lynn M. Mychek-Londer, Justin G. DeWild, John F. TI Females Exceed Males in Mercury Concentrations of Burbot Lota lota SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONCENTRATIONS; FISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORIES; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES REGION; SEXUAL DIFFERENCE; PCB CONCENTRATIONS; ELIMINATION RATES; METHYL MERCURY; NORTHERN PIKE; TESTES SIZE AB Examination of differences in contaminant concentrations between the sexes of fish, across several fish species, may show clues for important behavioral and physiological differences between the sexes. We determined whole-fish total mercury (Hg) concentrations of 25 male and 25 female adult burbot Lota lota captured in Lake Erie during summer 2011 and of 14 male and 18 female adult burbot captured in Great Slave Lake (Northwest Territories, Canada) during winter 2013. On average, females had 22 % greater Hg concentrations than males. This difference was probably not due to a greater feeding rate by females because results from previous studies based on polychlorinated biphenyl determinations of these same burbot indicated that males fed at a substantially greater rate than females. Based on our determinations of Hg concentrations in the gonads and somatic tissue of 5 ripe females and 5 ripe males, this difference was not attributable to changes in Hg concentration immediately after spawning due to the release of gametes. Furthermore, bioenergetics modeling results from previous studies indicated that growth dilution would not explain any portion of this observed difference in Hg concentrations between the sexes. We therefore conclude that this difference was most likely due to a substantially faster rate of Hg elimination by males compared with females. Male burbot exhibit among the greatest gonadosomatic indices (GSIs) of all male fishes, with their testes accounting for between 10 and 15 % of their body weight when the fish are in ripe condition. Androgens have been linked to enhanced Hg-elimination rates in other vertebrates. If androgen production is positively related to GSI, then male burbot would be expected to have among the greatest androgen levels of all fishes. Thus, we hypothesize that male burbot eliminate Hg from their bodies faster than most other male fishes and that this explains the greater Hg concentration in females compared with males. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Ogilvie, Lynn M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Stapanian, Martin A.; Edwards, William H.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Cott, Peter A.] Govt Northwest Terr, Cumulat Impact Monitoring Program Environm & Nat, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada. [Krabbenhoft, David P.; DeWild, John F.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Mychek-Londer, Justin G.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 68 IS 4 BP 678 EP 688 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0131-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CF1GP UT WOS:000352292800008 PM 25628029 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Horak, KE Lazarus, RS Schultz, SL Knowles, S Abbo, BG Volker, SF AF Rattner, Barnett A. Horak, Katherine E. Lazarus, Rebecca S. Schultz, Sandra L. Knowles, Susan Abbo, Benjamin G. Volker, Steven F. TI Toxicity reference values for chlorophacinone and their application for assessing anticoagulant rodenticide risk to raptors SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American kestrel; Anticoagulant rodenticide; Birds; Clotting time; Non-target effects; Risk assessment; Secondary poisoning ID CAPTIVE AMERICAN KESTRELS; OWLS MEGASCOPS-ASIO; NEW-YORK; WILDLIFE; RATS; DIPHACINONE; EXPOSURE; BIRDS; BROMADIOLONE; INTERVALS AB Despite widespread use and benefit, there are growing concerns regarding hazards of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides to non-target wildlife which may result in expanded use of first-generation compounds, including chlorophacinone (CPN). The toxicity of CPN over a 7-day exposure period was investigated in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed either rat tissue mechanically-amended with CPN, tissue from rats fed Rozol(A (R)) bait (biologically-incorporated CPN), or control diets (tissue from untreated rats or commercial bird of prey diet) ad libitum. Nominal CPN concentrations in the formulated diets were 0.15, 0.75 and 1.5 A mu g/g food wet weight, and measured concentrations averaged 94 % of target values. Kestrel food consumption was similar among groups and body weight varied by less than 6 %. Overt signs of intoxication, liver CPN residues, and changes in prothrombin time (PT), Russell's viper venom time (RVVT) and hematocrit, were generally dose-dependent. Histological evidence of hemorrhage was present at all CPN dose levels, and most frequently observed in pectoral muscle and heart. There were no apparent differences in toxicity between mechanically-amended and biologically-incorporated CPN diet formulations. Dietary-based toxicity reference values at which clotting times were prolonged in 50 % of the kestrels were 79.2 A mu g CPN consumed/kg body weight-day for PT and 39.1 A mu g/kg body weight-day for RVVT. Based upon daily food consumption of kestrels and previously reported CPN concentrations found in small mammals following field baiting trials, these toxicity reference values might be exceeded by free-ranging raptors consuming such exposed prey. Tissue-based toxicity reference values for coagulopathy in 50 % of exposed birds were 0.107 A mu g CPN/g liver wet weight for PT and 0.076 A mu g/g liver for RVVT, and are below the range of residue levels reported in raptor mortality incidents attributed to CPN exposure. Sublethal responses associated with exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of CPN could compromise survival of free-ranging raptors, and should be considered in weighing the costs and benefits of anticoagulant rodenticide use in pest control and eradication programs. C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Lazarus, Rebecca S.; Schultz, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Horak, Katherine E.; Abbo, Benjamin G.; Volker, Steven F.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Knowles, Susan] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov OI Knowles, Susan/0000-0002-0254-6491 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Geological Survey; California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee [11-0430-SA] FX The authors acknowledge W.C. Bauer, D.A. Goldade, J. Green, P.F.P. Henry, C.S. Hulse, N.K. Karouna-Renier, M.M. Maxey, and D.T. Sprague for assistance with the conduct of this study, and thank N.B. Vyas for reviewing a draft of this manuscript. A preliminary report describing dietary-based toxicity reference values for chlorophacinone was presented at the 26th Vertebrate Pest Conference and is described in the proceedings of that meeting. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Geological Survey and a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee (agreement 11-0430-SA). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAY PY 2015 VL 24 IS 4 BP 720 EP 734 DI 10.1007/s10646-015-1418-8 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CF3II UT WOS:000352441500002 PM 25600128 ER PT J AU Serieys, LEK Armenta, TC Moriarty, JG Boydston, EE Lyren, LM Poppenga, R Crooks, KR Wayne, RK Riley, SPD AF Serieys, L. E. K. Armenta, T. C. Moriarty, J. G. Boydston, E. E. Lyren, L. M. Poppenga, R. H. Crooks, K. R. Wayne, R. K. Riley, S. P. D. TI Anticoagulant rodenticides in urban bobcats: exposure, risk factors and potential effects based on a 16-year study SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bobcats; Secondary poisoning; Anticoagulant rodenticides; Notoedric mange; Urbanization; Residential; Fetal transfer ID WEASELS MUSTELA-NIVALIS; NOTOEDRIC MANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NONTARGET WILDLIFE; NEW-ZEALAND; LYNX-RUFUS; NEW-YORK; ANIMALS; BROMADIOLONE; INTOXICATION AB Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are increasingly recognized as a threat to nontarget wildlife. High exposure to ARs has been documented globally in nontarget predatory species and linked to the high prevalence of an ectoparasitic disease, notoedric mange. In southern California, mange associated with AR exposure has been the proximate cause of a bobcat (Lynx rufus) population decline. We measured AR exposure in bobcats from two areas in southern California, examining seasonal, demographic and spatial risk factors across landscapes including natural and urbanized areas. The long-term study included bobcats sampled over a 16-year period (1997-2012) and a wide geographic area. We sampled blood (N = 206) and liver (N = 172) to examine exposure ante- and post-mortem. We detected high exposure prevalence (89 %, liver; 39 %, blood) and for individuals with paired liver and blood data (N = 64), 92 % were exposed. Moreover, the animals with the most complete sampling were exposed most frequently to three or more compounds. Toxicant exposure was associated with commercial, residential, and agricultural development. Bobcats of both sexes and age classes were found to be at high risk of exposure, and we documented fetal transfer of multiple ARs. We found a strong association between certain levels of exposure (ppm), and between multiple AR exposure events, and notoedric mange. AR exposure was prevalent throughout both regions sampled and throughout the 16-year time period in the long-term study. ARs pose a substantial threat to bobcats, and likely other mammalian and avian predators, living at the urban-wildland interface. C1 [Serieys, L. E. K.; Armenta, T. C.; Wayne, R. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Moriarty, J. G.; Riley, S. P. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Santa Monica Mt Natl Recreat Area, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Boydston, E. E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Lyren, L. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Poppenga, R. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crooks, K. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Serieys, LEK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM laurelserieys@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation; Summerlee Foundation; Santa Monica Bay Audubon Society; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program [NSF EF-0723676]; University of California, Los Angeles; U.S. Geological Survey; G2 gallery; California Mediterranean Research and Learning Center FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (Graduate Research Fellowship), Summerlee Foundation, Santa Monica Bay Audubon Society, National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF EF-0723676), University of California, Los Angeles, U.S. Geological Survey, Panthera, Dan and Susan Gottlieb, the G2 gallery, Barry Rowan, the California Mediterranean Research and Learning Center, Julie Newsome, and Joel and Kian Schulman. We thank C. Schoonmaker, E.C. York, J. Sikich, D. Fraser, C. Reddell, I. Kelsey, K. Fragiacomo, J. Warner, R. Alonso, R. Mowry, J. Kraft, J. Purdum, D. Newell, and B. Nerhus for field assistance. For veterinary support in OCSA, we thank S. Weldy and K. Krause. Thanks to UCLA ATS consulting and S. Carver for help with data analysis. We appreciate all support and editorial comments provided by P. Jackson, T. Smith, J. Lloyd-Smith, and anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAY PY 2015 VL 24 IS 4 BP 844 EP 862 DI 10.1007/s10646-015-1429-5 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CF3II UT WOS:000352441500012 PM 25707484 ER PT J AU Myers, JT Yule, DL Jones, ML Ahrenstorff, TD Hrabik, TR Claramunt, RM Ebener, MP Berglund, E AF Myers, Jared T. Yule, Daniel L. Jones, Michael L. Ahrenstorff, Tyler D. Hrabik, Thomas R. Claramunt, Randall M. Ebener, Mark P. Berglund, Erick. TI Spatial synchrony in cisco recruitment SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Spatial synchrony; Recruitment variability; Moran effect; Freshwater fish; Cisco ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; PELAGIC FORAGE FISH; FRESH-WATER LAKES; COREGONUS-ARTEDI; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CLASS STRENGTH; SUPERIOR; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT AB We examined the spatial scale of recruitment variability for disparate cisco (Coregonus artedi) populations in the Great Lakes (n = 8) and Minnesota inland lakes (n=4). We found that the scale of synchrony was approximately 400 km when all available data were utilized; much greater than the 50-km scale suggested for freshwater fish populations in an earlier global analysis. The presence of recruitment synchrony between Great Lakes and inland lake cisco populations supports the hypothesis that synchronicity is driven by climate and not dispersal. We also found synchrony in larval densities among three Lake Superior populations separated by 25-275 km, which further supports the hypothesis that broad-scale climatic factors are the cause of spatial synchrony. Among several candidate climate variables measured during the period of larval cisco emergence, maximum wind speeds exhibited the most similar spatial scale of synchrony to that observed for cisco. Other factors, such as average water temperatures, exhibited synchrony on broader spatial scales, which suggests they could also be contributing to recruitment synchrony. Our results provide evidence that abiotic factors can induce synchronous patterns of recruitment for populations of cisco inhabiting waters across a broad geographic range, and show that broad-scale synchrony of recruitment can occur in freshwater fish populations as well as those from marine systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Myers, Jared T.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Ahrenstorff, Tyler D.; Hrabik, Thomas R.] Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, ON 49783, Canada. [Berglund, Erick.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Great Lakes Management Unit, Thunder Bay, ON P7E 6S8, Canada. RP Myers, JT (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 141 South Third St, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. EM jared.myers@wisconsin.gov; dyule@usgs.gov; jonesm30@msu.edu; tyler.ahrenstorff@state.mn.us; thrabik@d.umn.edu; claramuntr@michigan.gov; mebener@lighthouse.net; eric.berglund@ontario.ca FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Restoration Act; Canadian Ontario Agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem FX We thank the crews of each respective agency that made this analysis possible. We are particularly grateful to Zeb Woiak for his assistance with acoustic data processing and to Laura Graf for her administrative expertise. David "Bo" Bunnell and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was partially funded by a grant received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Restoration Act. Spawner and larval surveys in Canada waters were funded by the Canadian Ontario Agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem. This paper is contribution number 2015-01 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center (Michigan State University) and 1896 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names, is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 165 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.12.014 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7PM UT WOS:000352748800002 ER PT J AU von Biela, VR Kruse, GH Mueter, FJ Black, BA Douglas, DC Helser, TE Zimmerman, CE AF von Biela, Vanessa R. Kruse, Gordon H. Mueter, Franz J. Black, Bryan A. Douglas, David C. Helser, Thomas E. Zimmerman, Christian E. TI Evidence of bottom-up limitations in nearshore marine systems based on otolith proxies of fish growth SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-MELANOPS; BLACK ROCKFISH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHLOROPHYLL VARIABILITY; MYTILUS-CALIFORNIANUS; TOP-DOWN; PACIFIC AB Fish otolith growth increments were used as indices of annual production at nine nearshore sites within the Alaska Coastal Current (downwelling region) and California Current (upwelling region) systems (similar to 36-60A degrees N). Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) were identified as useful indicators in pelagic and benthic nearshore food webs, respectively. To examine the support for bottom-up limitations, common oceanographic indices of production [sea surface temperature (SST), upwelling, and chlorophyll-a concentration] during summer (April-September) were compared to spatial and temporal differences in fish growth using linear mixed models. The relationship between pelagic black rockfish growth and SST was positive in the cooler Alaska Coastal Current and negative in the warmer California Current. These contrasting growth responses to SST among current systems are consistent with the optimal stability window hypothesis in which pelagic production is maximized at intermediate levels of water column stability. Increased growth rates of black rockfish were associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations in the California Current only, but black rockfish growth was unrelated to the upwelling index in either current system. Benthic kelp greenling growth rates were positively associated with warmer temperatures and relaxation of downwelling (upwelling index near zero) in the Alaska Coastal Current, while none of the oceanographic indices were related to their growth in the California Current. Overall, our results are consistent with bottom-up forcing of nearshore marine ecosystems-light and nutrients constrain primary production in pelagic food webs, and temperature constrains benthic food webs. C1 [von Biela, Vanessa R.; Douglas, David C.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [von Biela, Vanessa R.; Kruse, Gordon H.; Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Helser, Thomas E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP von Biela, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area; Department of the Interior on the Landscape Initiative FX This work is part of the Pacific Nearshore Project supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area and the Department of the Interior on the Landscape Initiative to investigate biotic response to environmental variation in nearshore habitats of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We thank J. L. Bodkin and the USGS Pacific Nearshore Team for project support, and S. R. Okkonen, G. L. Eckert, and two anonymous reviewers who provided useful comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This report was reviewed and approved by the U.S. Geological Survey under their Fundamental Science Practices Policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp/). NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 162 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1031 DI 10.1007/s00227-015-2645-5 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CF8IC UT WOS:000352798800010 ER PT J AU Duniway, MC Palmquist, E Miller, ME AF Duniway, M. C. Palmquist, E. Miller, M. E. TI Evaluating rehabilitation efforts following the Milford Flat Fire: successes, failures, and controlling factors SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Brassicaceae; Bromus tectorum; dust; Halogeton; Kochia prostrata; rehabilitation; restoration; Salsola; seeding; wildfire; wind erosion ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; WIND EROSION; UNITED-STATES; WESTERN RANGELANDS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; WILDFIRE; DESERT; USA; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND AB Uncontrolled wildfire in arid and semiarid ecosystems has become an increasing concern in recent decades. Active rehabilitation of fire-affected areas is often quickly initiated to minimize long-term ecosystem damage. However, the complex soil-geomorphic-vegetation patterns and low and variable moisture conditions in these regions makes restoration challenging. To further inform these post-fire management decisions, we present results from 5 years of vegetation and sediment flux monitoring following the Milford Flat Fire in west-central Utah, USA. Our sampling design includes monitoring plots in areas not burned, areas burned but where no rehabilitation was attempted, and burned areas where various rehabilitation approaches were implemented. At each of the 25 plots, vegetation cover and composition data were collected annually, and wind-driven sediment flux was measured using passive dust traps. To evaluate effectiveness of post-fire rehabilitation treatments in establishing desired species and limiting dominance of undesired species, we analyzed the temporal response of individual species and functional groups as well as community-level multivariate responses. The warm and dry conditions that persisted for approximately 12 months post-treatment, coupled with the surface disturbing rehabilitation approaches used, resulted in near-surface dust fluxes several orders of magnitude higher in treated areas than in unburned or burned areas where no rehabilitation occurred. These dry conditions and high surface sediment flux limited the establishment of seeded species in rehabilitation areas for nearly 3 years. Post-fire rehabilitation did not limit dominance by invasive annual species of concern. Perennial species composition in the areas burned but not subject to post-fire rehabilitation was relatively similar to unburned throughout the study period. In contrast, the burned plots where rehabilitation was attempted were characterized by no (<3%) perennial cover or, in response to moister conditions, seeded forage species. These results suggest the post-fire rehabilitation efforts conducted in the lower elevation regions affected by the Milford Flat Fire were not generally successful. Though dry conditions are likely to blame for the lack of success, the low and variable precipitation characteristic of these regions suggest future post-fire rehabilitation decisions must assume that precipitation is going to be insufficient and plan rehabilitation efforts that are resilient to dry conditions. C1 [Duniway, M. C.; Palmquist, E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Miller, M. E.] Natl Pk Serv, Southeast Utah Grp, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Duniway, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM mduniway@usgs.gov OI Palmquist, Emily/0000-0003-1069-2154; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program and Ecosystem Mission Area; National Park Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service FX Funding and logistical support for this work were provided by the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program and Ecosystem Mission Area, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Additional cooperation was provided by the State of Utah. Field and lab assistance were provided by Rebecca Mann, Matthew Van Scoyoc, Junran Li, Karl Ford, Harlan Goldstein, Eric Fisher, Jiang Xiao, Lauren Mitchell, and Paige Stewart. Author contributions were as follows: all authors wrote the manuscript; M. C. Duniway conducted univariate analyses; E. Palmquist conducted multivariate analysis with input from M. C. Duniway and M. E. Miller; E. Palmquist managed all data and led data collection in 2012; and M. E. Miller conceived and initiated the study and led data collection efforts in 2008-2011. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2015 VL 6 IS 5 AR 80 DI 10.1890/ES14-00318.1 PG 33 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN4XE UT WOS:000358433000001 ER PT J AU Breaux, B Heard-Ganir, A Sena, L Hunter, M Bonde, R Criscitiello, M AF Breaux, Breanna Heard-Ganir, Ashley Sena, Leo Hunter, Margaret Bonde, Robert Criscitiello, Michael TI Understanding manatee immunogenetics and the implications for conservation SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists (IMMUNOLOGY) CY MAY 08-12, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 [Sena, Leo] Fed Univ Para, Inst Ciencias Biol, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Hunter, Margaret; Bonde, Robert] US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Breaux, Breanna; Heard-Ganir, Ashley; Criscitiello, Michael] Texas A&M Univ, Comparat Immunogenet Lab, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 194 SU 1 MA VET1P.1121 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA DQ7RG UT WOS:000379404504348 ER PT J AU Dolan, B Fisher, K Colvin, M Benda, S Danley, C Peterson, J Kent, M Zwollo, P Schreck, C AF Dolan, Brian Fisher, Kathleen Colvin, Michael Benda, Susan Danley, Courtney Peterson, James Kent, Michael Zwollo, Patty Schreck, Carl TI Diminished innate, but not adaptive, immune responses in migrating adult Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists (IMMUNOLOGY) CY MAY 08-12, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 [Dolan, Brian; Fisher, Kathleen; Benda, Susan; Danley, Courtney; Peterson, James; Kent, Michael; Schreck, Carl] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Colvin, Michael] Mississippi State Univ, Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Starkville, MS USA. [Peterson, James; Schreck, Carl] USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. [Zwollo, Patty] Coll William & Mary, Biol, Williamsburg, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 194 SU 1 MA VET1P.1127 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA DQ7RG UT WOS:000379404504342 ER PT J AU Brant, CO Li, K Johnson, NS Li, WM AF Brant, Cory O. Li, Ke Johnson, Nicholas S. Li, Weiming TI A pheromone outweighs temperature in influencing migration of sea lamprey SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pheromone; temperature; migration; sea lamprey; cue ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; MOVEMENT; SIGNALS AB Organisms continuously acquire and process information from surrounding cues. While some cues complement one another in delivering more reliable information, others may provide conflicting information. How organisms extract and use reliable information from a multitude of cues is largely unknown. We examined movement decisions of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L.) exposed to a conspecific and an environmental cue during pre-spawning migration. Specifically, we predicted that the mature male-released sex pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) will outweigh the locomotor inhibiting effects of cold stream temperature (less than 15 degrees C). Using large-scale stream bioassays, we found that 3kPZS elicits an increase (more than 40%) in upstream movement of pre-spawning lampreys when the water temperatures were below 15 degrees C. Both warming temperatures and conspecific cues increase upstream movement when the water temperature rose above 15 degrees C. These patterns define an interaction between abiotic and conspecific cues in modulating animal decision-making, providing an example of the hierarchy of contradictory information. C1 [Brant, Cory O.; Li, Ke; Johnson, Nicholas S.; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Room 13 Nat Resources Bldg,480 Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Li, WM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Room 13 Nat Resources Bldg,480 Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liweim@msu.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, MI, USA FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (to W.L.). NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 2 IS 5 AR 150009 DI 10.1098/rsos.150009 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO7MB UT WOS:000377965600014 PM 26064660 ER PT J AU Zhao, F Keane, R Zhu, ZL Huang, CQ AF Zhao, Feng Keane, Robert Zhu, Zhiliang Huang, Chengquan TI Comparing historical and current wildfire regimes in the Northern Rocky Mountains using a landscape succession model SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire regimes; FRCC; LANDSUMv4 model; MTBS; LANDFIRE; Northern Rocky Mountains ID NORMALIZED BURN RATIO; CURRENT FIRE REGIMES; WILDLAND FIRE; UNITED-STATES; TIME-SERIES; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; SEVERITY; SIMULATION; LANDSAT AB Wildland fire is a key ecosystem process that shapes the landscape of Western United States. Changes in fire regimes can therefore have profound impact on ecosystem functions and services, including carbon cycling, habitat conditions, and biodiversity. This study examined fire regime changes in the Northern Rocky Mountain region using a landscape succession model (LANDSUMv4). The objective is to report a new method to develop fire regime condition class (FRCC) maps by comparing historical reference conditions of fire regimes simulated using historical fire record and the LANDSUMv4 model - with current fire regimes developed using 27 years remote sensing fire product and LANDSUMv4. Results of this study indicate that most forest ecosystems in the study region experienced less frequent but more severe fires during the contemporary time period compared to the historical conditions. Fire regimes have changed the most for montane forests which historically were dominated by frequent and nonlethal fires. Forest ecosystems characterized by infrequent stand replacement fires also experienced moderate departure from historical fire conditions. FRCC assessment method proposed in this study can be applied to other areas of U.S. The findings of this study will help reveal contemporary fire dynamics in this region and serve for future fire and fuel studies and other forest management applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Feng; Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Keane, Robert] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Zhao, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM fengzhao@umd.edu OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 FU USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center; USGS Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center; Wild land Fire Leadership Council; Department of Interior, US Geological Survey FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews and comments. Burned area boundary and burn severity data was provided by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Project supported by USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center and the USGS Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center. Historical fire probability data and historical LANDUSMv4 model parameterization were provided by the LANDFIRE Project sponsored by multiple partners under the Wild land Fire Leadership Council. Funding support for this research was provided by the Department of Interior, US Geological Survey. We thank Greg Dillon, Brendan Ward, Robin Innes and Don Long for providing data assistance and sharing their many helpful comments. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 343 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.01.020 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CF0PF UT WOS:000352246000002 ER PT J AU Warner, DM Lesht, BM AF Warner, David M. Lesht, Barry M. TI Relative importance of phosphorus, invasive mussels and climate for patterns in chlorophyll a and primary production in Lakes Michigan and Huron SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; climate; oligotrophication; primary production ID GREAT-LAKES; NUMERICAL MODEL; OCEAN COLOR; ICE COVER; COMMUNITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEDIMENTS; TRENDS; WATERS AB 1. Lakes Michigan and Huron, which are undergoing oligotrophication after reduction of phosphorus loading, invasion by dreissenid mussels and variation in climate, provide an opportunity to conduct large-scale evaluation of the relative importance of these changes for lake productivity. We used remote sensing, field data and an information-theoretic approach to identify factors that showed statistical relationships with observed changes in chlorophyll a (chla) and primary production (PP). Spring phosphorus (TP), annual mean chla and PP have all declined significantly in both lakes since the late 1990s. Additionally, monthly mean values of chla have decreased in many but not all months, indicating altered seasonal patterns. The most striking change has been the decrease in chla concentration during the spring bloom. Mean chlorophyll a concentration was 17% higher in Lake Michigan than in Lake Huron, and total production for 2008 in Lake Michigan (9.5tgyear(-1)) was 10% greater than in Lake Huron (7.8tgyear(-1)), even though Lake Michigan is slightly smaller (by 3%) than Lake Huron. Differences between the lakes in the early 1970s evidently persisted to 2008. Invasive mussels influenced temporal trends in spring chla and annual primary production. However, TP had a greater effect on chla and primary production than did the mussels, and TP varied independently from them. Two climatic variables (precipitation and air temperature in the basins) influenced annual chla and annual PP, while the extent of ice cover influenced TP but not chla or primary production. Our results demonstrate that observed temporal patterns in chla and PP are the result of complex interactions of P, climate and invasive mussels. C1 [Warner, David M.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lesht, Barry M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA. RP Warner, DM (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dmwarner@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX We thank Bo Bunnell for intellectually supporting this line of research and pursuing the funding that made it possible. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1922 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1043 DI 10.1111/fwb.12569 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CF5CA UT WOS:000352571600015 ER PT J AU Lamba, J Thompson, AM Karthikeyan, KG Fitzpatrick, FA AF Lamba, Jasmeet Thompson, A. M. Karthikeyan, K. G. Fitzpatrick, Faith A. TI Sources of fine sediment stored in agricultural lowland streams, Midwest, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sediment sources; Stream bed sediment; Sediment tracers; Land use; Stream bank erosion; Sediment fingerprinting ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; RIVER-BASINS; CATCHMENT; UK; PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT; VALLEY; ALLUVIATION; WATERSHEDS AB Agricultural activities can accelerate the offsite transport of productive soil from fields leading to stream water quality degradation. Identification of the nature and relative contribution of different sources to fine-grained sediment (e.g., silts, clays) in streams is important to effectively focus agricultural best management practices in watersheds. Sediment fingerprinting techniques through the use of geochemical tracers are commonly used to differentiate relative contribution from various sources. Research was conducted in lowland streams in the Pleasant Valley watershed in South Central Wisconsin (USA) to identify provenance of fine-grained sediment deposits and evaluate the impact of land use on relative contributions from the following potential sources: cropland, pasture, woodland, and eroding stream banks. Results show that both agriculture (croplands and pastures) and eroding stream banks are primary sources to fine sediment deposits on the stream bed with contributions ranging from 19 to 100% and 0 to 81%, respectively. The increase in area under agricultural land use within a subwatershed results in greater contribution from agriculture (R-2 = 0.846, p = 0.0034). Relative contributions from eroding stream banks increased with increasing area under grasslands and woodlands within a subwatershed (R-2 = 0.814, p = 0.0055). Subwatersheds with greater mass of fine sediment deposited on the stream bed per unit area should be prioritized for best management practices. The conservation practices should be targeted to stream banks or croplands depending on the dominant source of fine sediment within a subwatershed. Site specific changes in relative contributions from different sources to fine-grained sediment in this watershed highlights the complexities involved in sediment transport dynamics. The nested sampling sites helped determine that sediment dynamics at the subwatershed scale need to be considered for application of targeted conservation techniques. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamba, Jasmeet; Thompson, A. M.; Karthikeyan, K. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lamba, Jasmeet] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Faith A.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Lamba, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jul59@psu.edu RI LAMBA, JASMEET/B-3878-2015 FU USDA NIFA award [2009-51130-06049]; Nature Conservancy; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources FX Funding for this project was provided by the USDA NIFA award #2009-51130-06049, The Nature Conservancy, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. We thank John Panuska (University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biological Systems Engineering) and Laura Good (University of Wisconsin-Madison, Soils Department) for their technical guidance and assistance with collecting samples, Zach Zopp (University of Wisconsin-Madison, Biological Systems Engineering) for his assistance with sample collection, Allen Gellis (U.S. Geological Survey) for his valuable comments and suggestions, and staff at DCLCD, Dane County, Wisconsin, who helped with landowner communication and sediment sampling. Hydrologic technicians and student interns from the U.S. Geological Survey assisted with collection of upland soil, stream bank, and stream-bed fine sediment. Lastly, we thank all the landowners in this watershed for allowing access to sampled fields and streams. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 236 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.02.001 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CF6OW UT WOS:000352677000004 ER PT J AU Bennington, NL Zhang, HJ Thurber, CH Bedrosian, PA AF Bennington, Ninfa L. Zhang, Haijiang Thurber, Clifford H. Bedrosian, Paul A. TI Joint Inversion of Seismic and Magnetotelluric Data in the Parkfield Region of California Using the Normalized Cross-Gradient Constraint SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Inverse theory; joint inversion; seismic tomography; magnetotellurics ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; ZONE; ALGORITHM; MODELS; TOMOGRAPHY; SMOOTH; FLUIDS AB We present jointly inverted models of P-wave velocity (Vp) and electrical resistivity for a two-dimensional profile centered on the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). Significant structural similarity between main features of the separately inverted Vp and resistivity models is exploited by carrying out a joint inversion of the two datasets using the normalized cross-gradient constraint. This constraint favors structurally similar Vp and resistivity images that adequately fit the seismic and magnetotelluric (MT) datasets. The new inversion code, tomoDDMT, merges the seismic inversion code tomoDD and the forward modeling and sensitivity kernel subroutines of the MT inversion code OCCAM2DMT. TomoDDMT is tested on a synthetic dataset and demonstrates the code's ability to more accurately resolve features of the input synthetic structure relative to the separately inverted resistivity and velocity models. Using tomoDDMT, we are able to resolve a number of key issues raised during drilling at SAFOD. We are able to infer the distribution of several geologic units including the Salinian granitoids, the Great Valley sequence, and the Franciscan Formation. The distribution and transport of fluids at both shallow and great depths is also examined. Low values of velocity/resistivity attributed to a feature known as the Eastern Conductor (EC) can be explained in two ways: the EC is a brine-filled, high porosity region, or this region is composed largely of clay-rich shales of the Franciscan. The Eastern Wall, which lies immediately adjacent to the EC, is unlikely to be a fluid pathway into the San Andreas Fault's seismogenic zone due to its observed higher resistivity and velocity values. C1 [Bennington, Ninfa L.; Thurber, Clifford H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Zhang, Haijiang] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Lab Seismol & Phys Earths Interior, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bennington, NL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53718 USA. EM ninfa@geology.wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0838249, EAR-1261681]; Morgridge Distinguished Graduate Fellowship in Geoscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; Chinese government's executive program for exploring the deep interior beneath the Chinese continent [SinoProbe-02] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award Number EAR-0838249 and by a Morgridge Distinguished Graduate Fellowship in Geoscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The instruments used in the Parkfield field program were provided by the PAS-SCAL facility of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) through the PAS-SCAL Instrument Center at New Mexico Tech. The facilities of the IRIS Consortium were supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research is also partly supported by the Chinese government's executive program for exploring the deep interior beneath the Chinese continent (SinoProbe-02). NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 43 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 172 IS 5 SI SI BP 1033 EP 1052 DI 10.1007/s00024-014-1002-9 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CF0DW UT WOS:000352214000003 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Chadwick, OA Kendall, C Pribil, MJ AF Bern, Carleton R. Chadwick, Oliver A. Kendall, Carol Pribil, Michael J. TI Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric deposition; Coastal environment; Sea-salt; Sulfur isotopes; Volcanic emissions ID CHANGING SOURCES; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ISOTOPE RATIOS; FOREST SOILS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; HUBBARD-BROOK; BASE CATIONS; SEA-SALT; SULFATE AB Sulfur, a nutrient required by terrestrial ecosystems, is likely to be regulated by atmospheric processes in well-drained, upland settings because of its low concentration in most bedrock and generally poor retention by inorganic reactions within soils. Environmental controls on sulfur sources in unpolluted ecosystems have seldom been investigated in detail, even though the possibility of sulfur limiting primary production is much greater where atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic sulfur is low. Here we measure sulfur isotopic compositions of soils, vegetation and bulk atmospheric deposition from the Hawaiian Islands for the purpose of tracing sources of ecosystem sulfur. Hawaiian lava has a mantle-derived sulfur isotopic composition (delta S-34 VCDT) of -0.8 parts per thousand Bulk deposition on the island of Maui had a delta S-34 VCDT that varied temporally, spanned a range from +8.2 to +19.7 parts per thousand, and reflected isotopic mixing from three sources: sea-salt (+21.1 parts per thousand), marine biogenic emissions (+15.6 parts per thousand, and volcanic emissions from active vents on Kilauea Volcano ( +0.8 parts per thousand). A straightforward, weathering-driven transition in ecosystem sulfur sources could be interpreted in the shift from relatively low (0.0 to +2.7 parts per thousand) to relatively high (+17.8 to +19.3 parts per thousand) soil delta S-34 values along a 0.3 to 4100 Ka soil age-gradient, and similar patterns in associated vegetation. However, sub-kilometer scale spatial variation in soil sulfur isotopic composition was found along soil transects assumed by age and mass balance to be dominated by atmospheric sulfur inputs. Soil sulfur isotopic compositions ranged from +8.1 to +20.3 parts per thousand and generally decreased with increasing elevation (0-2000 m), distance from the coast (0-12 km), and annual rainfall (180-5000 mm). Such trends reflect the spatial variation in marine versus volcanic inputs from atmospheric deposition. Broadly, these results illustrate how the sources and magnitude of atmospheric deposition can exert controls over ecosystem sulfur biogeochernisty across relatively small spatial scales. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bern, Carleton R.; Pribil, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bern, Carleton R.; Chadwick, Oliver A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 514 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE7RM UT WOS:000352039500027 PM 25666285 ER PT J AU Patyk, KA Duncan, C Nol, P Sonne, C Laidre, K Obbard, M Wiig, O Aars, J Regehr, E Gustafson, LL Atwood, T AF Patyk, Kelly A. Duncan, Colleen Nol, Pauline Sonne, Christian Laidre, Kristin Obbard, Martyn Wiig, Oystein Aars, Jon Regehr, Eric Gustafson, Lori L. Atwood, Todd TI Establishing a definition of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health: A guide to research and management activities SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Delphi; Polar bear; Survey; Ursus maritimus; Wildlife health ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; WILDLIFE HEALTH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STRESS-RESPONSE; IMPACTS; SIZE; POPULATIONS; INSIGHTS; DISEASE AB The meaning of health for wildlife and perspectives on how to assess and measure health, are not well characterized. For wildlife at risk, such as some polar bear (Ursus maritimus) subpopulations, establishing comprehensive monitoring programs that include health status is an emerging need. Environmental changes, especially loss of sea ice habitat, have raised concern about polar bear health. Effective and consistent monitoring of polar bear health requires an unambiguous definition of health. We used the Delphi method of soliciting and interpreting expert knowledge to propose a working definition of polar bear health and to identify current concerns regarding health, challenges in measuring health, and important metrics for monitoring health. The expert opinion elicited through the exercise agreed that polar bear health is defined by characteristics and knowledge at the individual, population, and ecosystem level. The most important threats identified were in decreasing order: climate change, increased nutritional stress, chronic physiological stress, harvest management, increased exposure to contaminants, increased frequency of human interaction, diseases and parasites, and increased exposure to competitors. Fifteen metrics were identified to monitor polar bear health. Of these, indicators of body condition, disease and parasite exposure, contaminant exposure, and reproductive success were ranked as most important. We suggest that a cumulative effects approach to research and monitoring will improve the ability to assess the biological, ecological, and social determinants of polar bear health and provide measurable objectives for conservation goals and priorities and to evaluate progress. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patyk, Kelly A.; Gustafson, Lori L.] USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Sci Technol & Anal Serv, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Duncan, Colleen] Colorado State Univ, Colorado State Univ Vet Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nol, Pauline] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Sonne, Christian] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Biosci, ARC, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Laidre, Kristin] Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Obbard, Martyn] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Wildlife Res & Monitoring Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Aars, Jon] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Regehr, Eric] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Program, Falls Church, VA USA. [Atwood, Todd] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Patyk, KA (reprint author), 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Kelly.A.Patyk@aphis.usda.gov; tatwood@usgs.gov RI Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012; OI Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251; Obbard, Martyn/0000-0003-2064-0155 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 514 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.007 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE7RM UT WOS:000352039500041 PM 25679818 ER PT J AU Craig, L Stillings, LL Decker, DL Thomas, JM AF Craig, Laura Stillings, Lisa L. Decker, David L. Thomas, James M. TI Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; TITRATION DATA; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; DEFLUORIDATION; MECHANISMS; ADSORBENT; SYSTEMS; SOLIDS; MODEL AB Fluoride is considered beneficial to teeth and bones when consumed in low concentrations, but at elevated concentrations it can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. Most fluoride-related health problems occur in poor, rural communities of the developing world where groundwater fluoride concentrations are high and the primary sources of drinking water are from community hand-pump borehole drilled wells. One solution to drinking high fluoride water is to attach a simple de-fluoridation filter to the hand-pump; and indigenous materials have been recommended as low-cost sorbents for use in these filters. In an effort to develop an effective, inexpensive, and low-maintenance de-fluoridation filter for a high fluoride region in rural northern Ghana, this study conducted batch fluoride adsorption experiments and potentiometric titrations to investigate the effectiveness of indigenous laterite and bauxite as sorbents for fluoride removal. It also determined the physical and chemical properties of each sorbent. Their properties and the experimental results, including fluoride adsorption capacity, were then compared to those of activated alumina, which has been identified as a good sorbent for removing fluoride from drinking water. The results indicate that, of the three sorbents, bauxite has the highest fluoride adsorption capacity per unit area, but is limited by a low specific surface area. When considering fluoride adsorption per unit weight, activated alumina has the highest fluoride adsorption capacity because of its high specific surface area. Activated alumina also adsorbs fluoride well in a wider pH range than bauxite, and particularly laterite. The differences in adsorption capacity are largely due to surface area, pore size, and mineralogy of the sorbent. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Craig, Laura; Decker, David L.; Thomas, James M.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Stillings, Lisa L.] Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Mines, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Craig, L (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Laura.Craig@dri.edu; stilling@usgs.gov; Dave.Decker@dri.edu; Jim.Thomas@dri.edu FU University of Nevada, Reno; Desert Research Institute, Reno; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science; Geological Society of America Graduate Research Grant FX This research was generously funded by the University of Nevada, Reno, the Desert Research Institute, Reno, and a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Graduate Research Fellowship. Additional funding was provided by a Geological Society of America Graduate Research Grant. We would like to acknowledge World Vision Ghana for its contribution to this work. We also thank Doug Kent of the U.S. Geological Survey for reviewing the manuscript and improving it dramatically by providing insightful comments, as well as an anonymous reviewer, and the executive editor. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 56 BP 50 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.004 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE4CG UT WOS:000351777800005 ER PT J AU Mercer, CN Reed, MH Mercer, CM AF Mercer, Celestine N. Reed, Mark H. Mercer, Cameron M. TI Time Scales of Porphyry Cu Deposit Formation: Insights from Titanium Diffusion in Quartz SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PROBE MICROANALYSIS; WALL-ROCK ALTERATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HYDROTHERMAL QUARTZ; COPPER-DEPOSIT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BINGHAM PORPHYRY; ORE-DEPOSITS; VEIN QUARTZ; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE AB Porphyry dikes and hydrothermal veins from the porphyry Cu-Mo deposit at Butte, Montana, contain multiple generations of quartz that are distinct in scanning electron microscope-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) images and in Ti concentrations. A comparison of microprobe trace element profiles and maps to SEM-CL images shows that the concentration of Ti in quartz correlates positively with CL brightness but Al, K, and Fe do not. After calibrating CL brightness in relation to Ti concentration, we use the brightness gradient between different quartz generations as a proxy for Ti gradients that we model to determine time scales of quartz formation and cooling. Model results indicate that time scales of porphyry magma residence are similar to 1,000s of years and time scales from porphyry quartz phenocryst rim formation to porphyry dike injection and cooling are similar to 10s of years. Time scales for the formation and cooling of various generations of hydrothermal vein quartz range from 10s to 10,000s of years. These time scales are considerably shorter than the similar to 0.6 m.y. overall time frame for each porphyry-style mineralization pulse determined from isotopic studies at Butte, Montana. Simple heat conduction models provide a temporal reference point to compare chemical diffusion time scales, and we find that they support short dike and vein formation time scales. We interpret these relatively short time scales to indicate that the Butte porphyry deposit formed by short-lived episodes of hydrofracturing, dike injection, and vein formation, each with discrete thermal pulses, which repeated over the similar to 3 m.y. generation of the deposit. C1 [Mercer, Celestine N.; Reed, Mark H.] Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Mercer, Cameron M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Mercer, CN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cmercer@usgs.gov OI Mercer, Cameron/0000-0003-0534-848X FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0440198]; MHR at University of Oregon; University of Oregon FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0440198 to CNM and MHR at the University of Oregon. We thank Alan Rempel and Brendan Hodge for helpful discussion of chemical diffusion and MATLAB assistance. We acknowledge the Use of the University of Oregon's CAMCOR analytical facilities, which were established with federal and state funding. John Donovan and Steve Weimholt generously provided cutting edge microanalytical expertise and creativity. We also thank Dick Berg of Montana Bureau of Mines, and George Burns and Steve Czheura of Montana Resources for essential assistance in access to drill core and geologic data. We are grateful for Josh Roering's helpful discussion concerning statistics and for thoughtful manuscript reviews from Dana Johnston and Paul Wallace. Finally, we thank Frank Spear; David John, an anonymous reviewer, and Brian Rusk, whose constructive reviews greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 31 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 110 IS 3 BP 587 EP 602 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE4OV UT WOS:000351810800001 ER PT J AU Slack, JF Selby, D Dumoulin, JA AF Slack, John F. Selby, David Dumoulin, Julie A. TI Hydrothermal, Biogenic, and Seawater Components in Metalliferous Black Shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary Metal Enrichment in a Carbonate Ramp Setting SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PB-AG DEPOSITS; PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS; RE-OS GEOCHRONOLOGY; TRACE-ELEMENT; SOUTH CHINA; EUXINIC SEDIMENTS; NORTHERN ALASKA; WATER-COLUMN; ALBANY SHALE AB Trace element and Os isotope data for Lisburne Group metalliferous black shales of Middle Mississippian (early Chesterian) age in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska suggest that metals were sourced chiefly from local seawater (including biogenic detritus) but also from externally derived hydrothermal fluids. These black shales are interbedded with phosphorites and limestones in sequences 3 to 35 m thick; deposition occurred mainly on a carbonate ramp during intermittent upwelling under varying redox conditions, from suboxic to anoxic to sulfidic. Deposition of the black shales at similar to 335 Ma was broadly contemporaneous with sulfide mineralization in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, which formed in a distal marginal basin. Relative to the composition of average black shale, the metalliferous black shales (n = 29) display large average enrichment factors (>10) for Zn (10.1), Cd (11.0), and Ag (20.1). Small enrichments (>2-<10) are shown by V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pd, Pt, U, Se, Y, and all rare earth elements except Ce, Nd, and Sm. A detailed stratigraphic profile over 23 m in the Skimo Creek area (central Brooks Range) indicates that samples from at and near the top of the section, which accumulated during a period of major upwelling and is broadly correlative with the stratigraphic levels of the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, have the highest Zn/TOC (total organic carbon), Cu/TOC, and Tl/TOC ratios for calculated marine fractions (no detrital component) of these three metals. Average authigenic (detrital-free) contents of Mo, V, U, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ge, Re, Se, As, Sb, Tl, Pd, and Au show enrichment factors of 4.3 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(6) relative to modern seawater. Such moderate enrichments, which are common in other metalliferous black shales, suggest wholly marine sources (seawater and biogenic material) for these metals, given similar trends for enrichment factors in organic-rich sediments of modern upwelling zones on the Namibian, Peruvian, and Chilean shelves. The largest enrichment factors for Zn and Ag are much higher (1.4 x 10(7) and 2.9 x 10(7), respectively), consistent with an appreciable hydrothermal component. Other metals such as Cu, Pb, and Tl that are concentrated in several black shale samples, and are locally abundant in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, may have a partly hydrothermal origin but this cannot be fully established with the available data. Enrichments in Cr (up to 7.8 x 10(6)) are attributed to marine and not hydrothermal processes. The presence in some samples of large enrichments in Eu (up to 6.1 x 10(7)) relative to modern seawater and of small positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu circle star up to 1.12) are considered unrelated to hydrothermal activity, instead being linked to early diagenetic processes within sulfidic pore fluids. Initial Os isotope ratios (Os-187/Os-188) calculated for a paleontologically based depositional age of 335 Ma reveal moderately unracliogenic values of 0.24 to 0.88 for four samples of metalliferous black shale. A proxy for the ratio of coeval early Chesterian seawater is provided by initial (Os-187/Os-188)335 Ma ratios of four unaltered black shales of the coeval Kuna Formation that average 1.08, nearly identical to the initial ratio of 1.06 for modern seawater. Evaluation of possible sources of unradiogenic Os in the metalliferous black shales suggests that the most likely source was mafic igneous rocks that were leached by externally derived hydrothermal fluids. This unradiogenic Os is interpreted to have been leached by deeply circulating hydrothermal fluids in the Kuna basin, followed by venting of the fluids into overlying seawater. We propose that metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids that formed Zn-Pb-Ag deposits such as Red Dog or Drenchwater vented into seawater in,a marginal basin, were carried by upwelling currents onto the margins of a shallow-water carbonate platform, and were then deposited in organic-rich muds, together with seawater- and biogenically derived components, by syngenetic sedimentary processes. Metal concentration in the black shales was promoted by high biologic productivity, sorption onto organic matter, diffusion across redox boundaries, a low sedimentation rate, and availability of H2S in bottom waters and pore fluids. C1 [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Selby, David] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Dumoulin, Julie A.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jfslack@usgs.gov NR 121 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 28 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 110 IS 3 BP 653 EP 675 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE4OV UT WOS:000351810800004 ER PT J AU Simpson, MP Palinkas, SS Mauk, JL Rodnar, RJ AF Simpson, Mark P. Palinkas, Sabina Strmic Mauk, Jeffrey L. Rodnar, Robert J. TI Fluid Inclusion Chemistry of Adularia-Sericite Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits of the Southern Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL ORE-DEPOSITS; COROMANDEL VOLCANIC ZONE; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SALINITY MAGMATIC FLUIDS; LA-ICP-MS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; MINERAL TEXTURES AB Microthermometry, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and Raman spectroscopy have been used to determine the temperature, apparent salinity, and composition of individual fluid inclusions in adularia-sericite Au-Ag epithermal veins from the Karangahake, Martha, Favona, and Waitekauri deposits, southern Hauraki goldfield, New Zealand. Quartz veins contain colloform to crustiform bands that alternate with coarse-grained quartz and amethyst. The ore mineralization occurs only in colloform to crustiform bands. Analyses of individual fluid inclusions by LA-ICP-MS identify Na as the most abundant cation, together with variable concentrations of K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Sb, and As. Rare inclusions have detectable Li, Al, and Ba concentrations, although recorded Al concentrations with values up to 231 ppm in Al-free quartz may reflect an accidentally captured mineral phase rather than fluid itself. The Na content ranges from similar to 260 to 10,200 ppm for inclusions in quartz and similar to 9,700 to 13,700 ppm for inclusions in amethyst. Antimony is the second most commonly detected element in both quartz-, and amethyst-hosted inclusions; this element is also detected in the host mineral. Concentrations of Sb and As range from 0.3 to 988 ppm and from 3.33 to 418 ppm, respectively, and are most commonly detected in inclusions from the Karangahake and Martha deposits. The poor correlation between the Na content with either Sb or As suggests that Sb and As were transported as neutral hydroxyl complexes of Sb(OH)3 and As(OH)(3). Both Au and Ag occur at concentrations that are less than their respective detection limits (ppm). Geochemical modeling of the microthermometric and LA-ICP-MS data obtained from individual fluid inclusions suggests that fluids responsible for the quartz deposition were neutral to alkaline and that adiabatic boiling is the most effective mechanism for both gold and silica precipitation. The presence of single-phase vapor-only fluid inclusions in some mineralized samples indicates that local flashing may have contributed to deposition of Au and Ag. Assuming adiabatic boiling under hydrostatic pressure, samples from the Karangahake deposit (Maria vein) were deposited from low-salinity fluids (<3.9 wt % NaCl equiv) at temperatures between 225 degrees and 262 degrees C and at depths of 270 to 575 m below the former water table. The average deep reservoir fluid temperature estimated from the Na/K geothermometer is 287 degrees C, and the steam loss during boiling ranges between 8 and 17%. Fluid inclusions in quartz from the Martha deposit trapped dilute fluids with salinity less than 1.7 wt % NaCl equiv. The coexisting liquid-rich (homogenization temperature, T-h = 189 degrees-225 degrees C) and vapor-rich inclusions (Th = 205 degrees-243 degrees C) suggest formation at depths of 200 to 400 m below the water table. According to the Na/K geothermometer, the deep reservoir fluid temperature was near 295 degrees C, and the steam loss during boiling ranged between 15 and 23%. Pseudosecondary inclusions in amethyst display salinity around 4.0 wt % NaCl equiv and homogenization temperatures between 218 degrees and 241 degrees C. Secondary inclusions are slightly more dilute (3.2-4.2 wt % NaCl equiv), with homogenization temperatures between 213 degrees and 242 degrees C. Fluid inclusions in quartz from the Waitekauri deposit homogenize from 210 degrees to 265 degrees C and contain less than 1.2 wt % NaCl equiv. A thin quartz vein that occurs between the Jubilee and Scotia deposits contains coexisting liquid- and vapor-rich inclusions; their homogenization temperatures indicate a formation depth of 300 m below the former water table. The calculated deep reservoir fluid temperature is around 283 degrees C and the steam loss is estimated to be between 13 and 18%. LA-ICP-MS analyses show that in some cases different fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) within a single sample trapped fluids with variable chemistries. These differences likely reflect modification of a single parent fluid through mineral dissolution and precipitation, water/rock interactions, boiling and vapor loss, conductive cooling, and mixing. C1 [Simpson, Mark P.; Palinkas, Sabina Strmic] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Mauk, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rodnar, Robert J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Palinkas, SS (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM s.strmic-palinkas@auckland.ac.nz OI Mauk, Jeff/0000-0002-6244-2774 FU New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment; Newmont Waihi Operations; New Talisman Gold Mines Limited FX We thank New Talisman Gold Mines Limited and Murray Stevens, Anton Barbar, and Peter Atkinson for access to the Karangahake deposit and Newmont Waihi Operations for access to the Martha, Favona, and Waitekauri deposits. In particular, we would like to thank Luca Fedele for exceptional help with running and data collection using the LA-ICP-MS at the Fluids Research Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, as well as data processing, and Charles Farley for assistance with Raman spectroscopy. Editorial comments from Shaun Barker, and constructive reviews by Thomas Ulrich, Markus Waelle, Erin Marsh, and Janet L. Slate helped to improve the manuscript and are greatly appreciated. This research has been funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment, Newmont Waihi Operations, and New Talisman Gold Mines Limited. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 113 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 36 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 110 IS 3 BP 763 EP 786 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE4OV UT WOS:000351810800009 ER PT J AU Pelch, MA Appold, MS Emsbo, P Bodnar, RJ AF Pelch, Michael A. Appold, Martin S. Emsbo, Poul Bodnar, Robert J. TI Constraints from Fluid Inclusion Compositions on the Origin of Mississippi Valley-Type Mineralization in the Illinois-Kentucky District SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROCK FLUORSPAR DISTRICT; SOUTHEAST MISSOURI DISTRICT; UNITED-STATES IMPLICATIONS; LA-ICP-MS; VIBURNUM TREND; THERMAL EVOLUTION; OUACHITA OROGENY; ORE FORMATION; DEPOSITS; GENESIS AB Fluid inclusions hosted by Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) ores in the Illinois-Kentucky district were analyzed using microthermometry, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the composition and temperature of mineralizing fluids in order to seek insights into the process of ore formation. Results from the present study support the interpretation of previous microthermometry studies that relate mineralization to mixing of two higher temperature brines and a cooler, dilute meteoric fluid. Fluid inclusions in the Illinois-Kentucky district have overall higher atomic ratios of Ba/Na, Ca/Mg, K/Na, Sr/Na, and lower atomic ratios of Mg/Na compared to inclusions in the Ozark MVT districts and are thus compositionally distinct. These differences may indicate that the Illinois-Kentucky and Ozark MVT ore fluids were derived largely from different source basins or may reflect input from igneous rocks in the Illinois-Kentucky district. Low Ca/Mg ratios of Illinois-Kentucky fluid inclusions indicate that mineralizing fluids were dolomitizing and therefore could not have traveled far through the limestone ore host formations, but instead traveled through deeper nonlimestone units before rising along faults and fractures in the district. Some fluid inclusions in Illinois-Kentucky MVT mineralization yielded strong LA-ICP-MS responses for ore metals. A single sphalerite-hosted fluid inclusion out of 18 analyzed contained detectable Pb, corresponding to a concentration of 420 ppm, whereas numerous fluorite-hosted fluid inclusions contained detectable Pb, Zn, and Cu, corresponding to maximum concentrations on the order of 1,000s of ppm. The high and similar concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in some fluorite-hosted fluid inclusions in the Illinois-Kentucky district are problematic because Cu sulfide mineralization should be much more abundant than Pb and Zn sulfide mineralization owing to the lower solubility of Cu relative to Pb and Zn in the presence of reduced sulfur, which is not observed in the field. This raises the possibility that ore metals may exist as solid phases in suspension or adhering to fluid inclusion walls in some inclusions, rather than as dissolved species in aqueous solution. Raman microprobe analyses of fluid inclusions hosted by minerals occurring throughout the paragenetic sequence detected methane concentrations ranging from about 40 to 1,200 ppm, with most on the order of 100s ppm. Even for the lowest methane concentration determined, redox conditions would have been reducing, at a log of -55.4 at a temperature of 100 degrees C. At such reducing conditions, sulfide would predominate over sulfate; this is supported by high concentrations of Ba in the fluid inclusions. The overall reducing conditions throughout the paragenetic sequence and the possible presence of both metal-poor and -rich fluid inclusions would suggest that mixing between a metal-rich, sulfide-poor fluid and a metal-poor, sulfide-rich fluid were an important mechanism for sulfide mineral precipitation. Minimum depths of mineralization estimated from methane concentrations in fluid inclusions range to about 1,500 m and possibly 2,500 m, which would not have been reached until Late Pennsylvanian to Permian time, i.e., during the Alleghanian orogeny. C1 [Pelch, Michael A.; Appold, Martin S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bodnar, Robert J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Pelch, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208,1125 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM appoldm@missouri.edu FU University of Missouri; Hugh E. McKinstry Fund FX The authors would like to thank Luca Fedele and Charles Farley of Virginia Tech for their assistance in acquiring the LA-ICP-MS and Raman microprobe data. Funding for this research was provided from a Wallace Research Enhancement grant from the University of Missouri and a Society of Economic Geologists student grant from the Hugh E. McKinstry Fund. The authors would also like to thank Economic Geology associate editor; Alex Brown, and two anonymous reviewers, whose thoughtful comments and suggestions significantly improved the manuscript. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 36 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 110 IS 3 BP 787 EP 808 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE4OV UT WOS:000351810800010 ER PT J AU Midway, SR Wagner, T Tracy, BH Hogue, GM Starnes, WC AF Midway, Stephen R. Wagner, Tyler Tracy, Bryn H. Hogue, Gabriela M. Starnes, Wayne C. TI Evaluating changes in stream fish species richness over a 50-year time-period within a landscape context SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Stream fish; Species richness; Hierarchical Bayesian; Land use; Forest cover ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; LAND-USE; CONSERVATION STATUS; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; ASSEMBLAGES; INVASIONS; MODELS; COVER AB Worldwide, streams and rivers are facing a suite of pressures that alter water quality and degrade physical habitat, both of which can lead to changes in the composition and richness of fish populations. These potential changes are of particular importance in the Southeast USA, home to one of the richest stream fish assemblages in North America. Using data from 83 stream sites in North Carolina sampled in the 1960's and the past decade, we used hierarchical Bayesian models to evaluate relationships between species richness and catchment land use and land cover (e.g., agriculture and forest cover). In addition, we examined how the rate of change in species richness over 50 years was related to catchment land use and land cover. We found a negative and positive correlation between forest land cover and agricultural land use and average species richness, respectively. After controlling for introduced species, most (66 %) stream sites showed an increase in native fish species richness, and the magnitude of the rate of increase was positively correlated to the amount of forested land cover in the catchment. Site-specific trends in species richness were not positive, on average, until the percentage forest cover in the network catchment exceeded about 55 %. These results suggest that streams with catchments that have moderate to high (> 55 %) levels of forested land in upstream network catchments may be better able to increase the number of native species at a faster rate compared to less-forested catchments. C1 [Midway, Stephen R.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tracy, Bryn H.] North Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Hogue, Gabriela M.; Starnes, Wayne C.] North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. RP Midway, SR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM srm30@psu.edu NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2015 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1309 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0359-z PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE0TH UT WOS:000351518900007 ER PT J AU Bennett, WA Burau, JR AF Bennett, W. A. Burau, J. R. TI Riders on the Storm: Selective Tidal Movements Facilitate the Spawning Migration of Threatened Delta Smelt in the San Francisco Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Selective tidal movements; Tidal currents; Turbidity; Migration; Endangered species; San Francisco Estuary ID LOW-SALINITY ZONE; LIFE-HISTORY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; STREAM TRANSPORT; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; COSTS; POPULATIONS AB Migration strategies in estuarine fishes typically include behavioral adaptations for reducing energetic costs and mortality during travel to optimize reproductive success. The influence of tidal currents and water turbidity on individual movement behavior were investigated during the spawning migration of the threatened delta smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, in the northern San Francisco Estuary, California, USA. Water current velocities and turbidity levels were measured concurrently with delta smelt occurrence at sites in the lower Sacramento River and San Joaquin River as turbidity increased due to first-flush winter rainstorms in January and December 2010. The presence/absence of fish at the shoal-channel interface and near the shoreline was quantified hourly over complete tidal cycles. Delta smelt were caught consistently at the shoal-channel interface during flood tides and near the shoreline during ebb tides in the turbid Sacramento River, but were rare in the clearer San Joaquin River. The apparent selective tidal movements by delta smelt would facilitate either maintaining position or moving upriver on flood tides, and minimizing advection down-estuary on ebb tides. These movements also may reflect responses to lateral gradients in water turbidity created by temporal lags in tidal velocities between the near-shore and mid-channel habitats. This migration strategy can minimize the energy spent swimming against strong river and tidal currents, as well as predation risks by remaining in turbid water. Selection pressure on individuals to remain in turbid water may underlie population-level observations suggesting that turbidity is a key habitat feature and cue initiating the delta smelt spawning migration. C1 [Bennett, W. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Burau, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Bennett, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Bodega Marine Lab, POB 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. EM wabennett@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX We would like to thank the many biologists and technicians for the field assistance with the California Water Science Center and Columbia River Research Laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary, California Department of Fish and Game, and University of California, Davis. For the help with ESA permission and compliance, we thank E. Gleason (USFWS) and D. Hampton (U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service). Considerable help with planning and logistics was provided by N. Adams, G. Rutz, and V. Orsini (CRRL), J. Adib-Samii and R. Baxter (CDFG), Larry Brown and D. Schoellhamer (USGS), J. Netto (USFWS), L. Grimaldo (USBR), A. Mueller-Solger (IEP), and T. Sommer (California Department of Water Resources). We thank B. McElroy and an anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments. Funding was provided by E. Van Nieuwenhuyse and M. Chotkowski, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and facilitated by A. Castle and D. Nawi, U.S. Department of the Interior. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2015 VL 38 IS 3 BP 826 EP 835 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9877-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE1ZY UT WOS:000351613100009 ER PT J AU Cahoon, DR AF Cahoon, Donald R. TI Estimating Relative Sea-Level Rise and Submergence Potential at a Coastal Wetland SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Relative sea-level rise; Wetland elevation; Tide gauge; SET; Vertical accretion; Shallow subsidence; Shallow expansion ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; SEDIMENTATION-EROSION TABLE; SURFACE ELEVATION; VERTICAL ACCRETION; SOIL ELEVATION; SALT-MARSHES; VULNERABILITY; ACCUMULATION; GROUNDWATER; AUSTRALIA AB A tide gauge records a combined signal of the vertical change (positive or negative) in the level of both the sea and the land to which the gauge is affixed; or relative sea-level change, which is typically referred to as relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Complicating this situation, coastal wetlands exhibit dynamic surface elevation change (both positive and negative), as revealed by surface elevation table (SET) measurements, that is not recorded at tide gauges. Because the usefulness of RSLR is in the ability to tie the change in sea level to the local topography, it is important that RSLR be calculated at a wetland that reflects these local dynamic surface elevation changes in order to better estimate wetland submergence potential. A rationale is described for calculating wetland RSLR (RSLRwet) by subtracting the SET wetland elevation change from the tide gauge RSLR. The calculation is possible because the SET and tide gauge independently measure vertical land motion in different portions of the substrate. For 89 wetlands where RSLRwet was evaluated, wetland elevation change differed significantly from zero for 80 % of them, indicating that RSLRwet at these wetlands differed from the local tide gauge RSLR. When compared to tide gauge RSLR, about 39 % of wetlands experienced an elevation rate surplus and 58 % an elevation rate deficit (i.e., sea level becoming lower and higher, respectively, relative to the wetland surface). These proportions were consistent across saltmarsh, mangrove, and freshwater wetland types. Comparison of wetland elevation change and RSLR is confounded by high levels of temporal and spatial variability, and would be improved by co-locating tide gauge and SET stations near each other and obtaining long-term records for both. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cahoon, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC East,Bldg 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dcahoon@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program FX K. Boone and J. Lynch drafted Fig. 1, and J. Lynch drafted Fig. 2. I am deeply indebted to the following individuals for providing critical reviews of earlier draft versions of this manuscript: S. Gill, P. Hensel, B. Horton, J. Lynch, K. Krauss, K. McKee, two anonymous reviewers, and C. Currin. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2015 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1077 EP 1084 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9872-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE1ZY UT WOS:000351613100028 ER PT J AU Kuffner, IB Lidz, BH Hudson, JH Anderson, JS AF Kuffner, Ilsa B. Lidz, Barbara H. Hudson, J. Harold Anderson, Jeffrey S. TI A Century of Ocean Warming on Florida Keys Coral Reefs: Historic In Situ Observations SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Sea surface temperature; Global climate change; Coral reef degradation; Coral growth; In situ temperature; Florida reef tract ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE TRENDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE-SANCTUARY; CARIBBEAN SEA; GROWTH-RATES; ACIDIFICATION; VARIABILITY; TRACT; USA AB There is strong evidence that global climate change over the last several decades has caused shifts in species distributions, species extinctions, and alterations in the functioning of ecosystems. However, because of high variability on short (i.e., diurnal, seasonal, and annual) timescales as well as the recency of a comprehensive instrumental record, it is difficult to detect or provide evidence for long-term, site-specific trends in ocean temperature. Here we analyze five in situ datasets from Florida Keys coral reef habitats, including historic measurements taken by lighthouse keepers, to provide three independent lines of evidence supporting approximately 0.8 A degrees C of warming in sea surface temperature (SST) over the last century. Results indicate that the warming observed in the records between 1878 and 2012 can be fully accounted for by the warming observed in recent decades (from 1975 to 2007), documented using in situ thermographs on a mid-shore patch reef. The magnitude of warming revealed here is similar to that found in other SST datasets from the region and to that observed in global mean surface temperature. The geologic context and significance of recent ocean warming to coral growth and population dynamics are discussed, as is the future prognosis for the Florida reef tract. C1 [Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Lidz, Barbara H.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hudson, J. Harold] Reef Tech Inc, Miami, FL 33143 USA. [Anderson, Jeffrey S.] Nat Imagery, Honolulu, HI 96815 USA. RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ikuffner@usgs.gov OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 FU US Geological Survey FX We thank the US Geological Survey for funding this work, starting with T.W. Vaughan in the early 1900s, then with J.H. Hudson from 1974 to 1990, B.H. Lidz from 1974 to present, and I.B. Kuffner from 2002 to present. The first and second authors specifically thank the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank J. Flannery, C. Reich, and J. Morrison for assistance with the figures, and two anonymous reviewers and E. Shinn for helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade names herein is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 88 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2015 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1085 EP 1096 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9875-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE1ZY UT WOS:000351613100029 ER PT J AU Dundas, CM Diniega, S McEwen, AS AF Dundas, Colin M. Diniega, Serina McEwen, Alfred S. TI Long-term monitoring of martian gully formation and evolution with MRO/HiRISE SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Mars, climate; Geological processes; Ices ID POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS; LATITUDE-DEPENDENT MANTLE; SURFACE GROUND ICE; DRY-GRANULAR FLOWS; LIQUID WATER; HIGH OBLIQUITY; DEBRIS FLOWS; MARS; DEPOSITS; CONSTRAINTS AB Gully landforms are commonly taken as evidence for surface liquid water in the recent geological history of Mars. Repeat observations with the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter demonstrate widespread activity in gullies in the southern hemisphere, particularly in those with the freshest morphologies. This activity includes substantial channel incision and large-scale mass movements, and constitutes ongoing gully formation rather than degradation of older landforms. New apron deposits that are bright, dark and neutrally toned have all been observed. The timing of gully activity is seasonally controlled and occurs during the period when seasonal frost is present and defrosting. These observations support a model in which currently active gully formation is driven mainly by seasonal CO2 frost. Gullies in the northern hemisphere are far less active than those in the south. This may be due to the current timing of perihelion near the northern winter solstice. Integrated over time, activity like that observed within the past few years appears capable of forming all of the martian gully landforms on timescales of millions of years. Additionally, the current style and rate of activity is able to erase meter- to decameter-scale surface features that might have been uniquely produced by other processes during the last obliquity high similar to 0.4 Ma. Although it is impossible to rule out a past role for water in the formation of martian gullies, a model in which gullies form only through currently active processes with little or no liquid water is consistent with our observations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Diniega, Serina] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dundas, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA Mars Data Analysis Program Grant [NNH13AV85I]; MRO Project FX We thank the HiRISE operations team for their work in acquiring the data used in this study, and the CTX team for suggesting several sites of possible activity for HiRISE imaging. Shane Byrne, Candy Hansen, Robin Fergason and Justin Hagerty provided helpful comments and suggestions on early drafts. We also thank Jay Dickson and an anonymous referee for helpful review comments. CMD was funded by NASA Mars Data Analysis Program Grant NNH13AV85I. ASM was funded by the MRO Project. NR 108 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 251 BP 244 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.013 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CE0FQ UT WOS:000351480300016 ER PT J AU Hansen, CJ Diniega, S Bridges, N Byrne, S Dundas, C McEwen, A Portyankina, G AF Hansen, C. J. Diniega, S. Bridges, N. Byrne, S. Dundas, C. McEwen, A. Portyankina, G. TI Agents of change on Mars' northern dunes: CO2 ice and wind SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, polar caps; Mars, surface; Mars ID SEASONAL POLAR-CAP; MARTIAN GULLIES; EOLIAN DUNES; SAND DUNES; HYPOTHESIS; ATMOSPHERE; EROSION; SURFACE; REGION; VOLUME AB Both wind and seasonal CO2 ice sculpt the dunes of Mars in today's climate. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has returned extensive temporal coverage of changes on the north polar dunes for nearly four Mars years. The processes driving dune morphology changes such as the formation of new alcoves have been investigated. Considerable interannual variability has been observed. Most changes occur in the period of time when HiRISE cannot image: late summer and fall when light levels are too low to see subtle changes on the dunes and the polar hood obscures the surface, and winter when the cap is in polar night. This is consistent with seasonal control but does not allow us to directly differentiate between eolian processes vs. CO2 ice as the driving agent for alcove formation. Circumstantial evidence and observations of analog processes in the southern mid-latitudes however implicates processes associated with frost emplacement and removal. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, C. J.] Planetary Sci Inst, St George, UT 84770 USA. [Diniega, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bridges, N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Byrne, S.; McEwen, A.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dundas, C.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Portyankina, G.] Univ Colorado, Lab Air & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hansen, CJ (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 389 N Ind Rd,Suite 5, St George, UT 84770 USA. EM cjhansen@psi.edu FU MRO mission under NASA FX This research was supported by the MRO mission operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract from NASA. S. Diniega's contribution was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank our two excellent reviewers. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 251 BP 264 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.11.015 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CE0FQ UT WOS:000351480300017 ER PT J AU Piqueux, S Byrne, S Kieffer, HH Titus, TN Hansen, CJ AF Piqueux, Sylvain Byrne, Shane Kieffer, Hugh H. Titus, Timothy N. Hansen, Candice J. TI Enumeration of Mars years and seasons since the beginning of telescopic exploration SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, polar caps; Mars, atmosphere; Mars, climate ID WATER-ICE CLOUDS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DUST STORMS; MODEL; CYCLE; TES AB A clarification for the enumeration of Mars years prior to 1955 is presented, along with a table providing the Julian Dates associated with L-s = 0 degrees for Mars years -183 (beginning of the telescopic study of Mars) to 100. A practical algorithm for computing L-s as a function of the Julian Date is provided. No new science results are presented. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Piqueux, Sylvain] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kieffer, Hugh H.] Celestial Reasonings, Genoa, NV 89411 USA. [Kieffer, Hugh H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hansen, Candice J.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Piqueux, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 183-601,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Sylvain.Piqueux@jpl.nasa.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 251 BP 332 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.12.014 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CE0FQ UT WOS:000351480300021 ER PT J AU Cormier, N Twilley, RR Ewel, KC Krauss, KW AF Cormier, Nicole Twilley, Robert R. Ewel, Katherine C. Krauss, Ken W. TI Fine root productivity varies along nitrogen and phosphorus gradients in high-rainfall mangrove forests of Micronesia SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Carbon allocation; Roots; Nutrients; Productivity; Mangrove; Pacific high islands; Micronesia ID RISING SEA-LEVEL; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; ORGANIC-MATTER; STANDING CROP; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS AB Belowground biomass is thought to account for much of the total biomass in mangrove forests and may be related to soil fertility. The Yela River and the Sapwalap River, Federated States of Micronesia, contain a natural soil resource gradient defined by total phosphorus (P) density ranging from 0.05 to 0.42 mg cm(-3) in different hydrogeomorphic settings. We used this fertility gradient to test the hypothesis that edaphic conditions constrain mangrove productivity through differential allocation of biomass to belowground roots. We removed sequential cores and implanted root ingrowth bags to measure in situ biomass and productivity, respectively. Belowground root biomass values ranged among sites from 0.448 +/- A 0.096 to 2.641 +/- A 0.534 kg m(-2). Root productivity (roots a parts per thousand currency sign20 mm) did not vary significantly along the gradient (P = 0.3355) or with P fertilization after 6 months (P = 0.2968). Fine root productivity (roots a parts per thousand currency sign2 mm), however, did vary significantly among sites (P = 0.0363) and ranged from 45.88 +/- A 21.37 to 118.66 +/- A 38.05 g m(-2) year(-1). The distribution of total standing root biomass and fine root productivity followed patterns of N:P ratios as hypothesized, with larger root mass generally associated with lower relative P concentrations. Many of the processes of nutrient acquisition reported from nutrient-limited mangrove forests may also occur in forests of greater biomass and productivity when growing along soil nutrient gradients. C1 [Cormier, Nicole; Ewel, Katherine C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cormier, Nicole; Twilley, Robert R.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Cormier, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM cormiern@usgs.gov FU University of Louisiana at Lafayette Center for Ecology and Environmental Technology FX We would like to thank the Kosrae Island Resource Management Authority and the Ponape Agriculture and Trade School for the use of their facilities and equipment and for providing field assistance while on island. Erick E. Waguk, Jason Jack, Simpson Abraham, Robert D. Hauff, Fr. Joseph Billotti, and Fr. Greg Muckenhaupt were especially helpful. Many thanks to Donald R. Cahoon, J. Andy Nyman, and John Meriwether for their reviews, scientific input, and support throughout this study. We would also like to thank Rassa Dale and Jim Baldwin for their statistical expertise and Karen L. McKee and Brian Fry for critical reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. We acknowledge the University of Louisiana at Lafayette Center for Ecology and Environmental Technology for supporting NC as a graduate assistant during the study, and providing storage, laboratory, and bench space for sifting through root samples. The USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program facilitated the production of this manuscript by supporting NC and KWK. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 97 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2015 VL 750 IS 1 BP 69 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2178-4 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC3JT UT WOS:000350244600006 ER PT J AU Buizert, C Adrian, B Ahn, J Albert, M Alley, RB Baggenstos, D Bauska, TK Bay, RC Bencivengo, BB Bentley, CR Brook, EJ Chellman, NJ Clow, GD Cole-Dai, J Conway, H Cravens, E Cuffey, KM Dunbar, NW Edwards, JS Fegyveresi, JM Ferris, DG Fitzpatrick, JJ Fudge, TJ Gibson, CJ Gkinis, V Goetz, JJ Gregory, S Hargreaves, GM Iverson, N Johnson, JA Jones, TR Kalk, ML Kippenhan, MJ Koffman, BG Kreutz, K Kuhl, TW Lebar, DA Lee, JE Marcott, SA Markle, BR Maselli, OJ McConnell, JR McGwire, KC Mitchell, LE Mortensen, NB Neff, PD Nishiizumi, K Nunn, RM Orsi, AJ Pasteris, DR Pedro, JB Pettit, EC Price, PB Priscu, JC Rhodes, RH Rosen, JL Schauer, AJ Schoenemann, SW Sendelbach, PJ Severinghaus, JP Shturmakov, AJ Sigl, M Slawny, KR Souney, JM Sowers, TA Spencer, MK Steig, EJ Taylor, KC Twickler, MS Vaughn, BH Voigt, DE Waddington, ED Welten, KC Wendricks, AW White, JWC Winstrup, M Wong, GJ Woodruff, TE AF Buizert, Christo Adrian, Betty Ahn, Jinho Albert, Mary Alley, Richard B. Baggenstos, Daniel Bauska, Thomas K. Bay, Ryan C. Bencivengo, Brian B. Bentley, Charles R. Brook, Edward J. Chellman, Nathan J. Clow, Gary D. Cole-Dai, Jihong Conway, Howard Cravens, Eric Cuffey, Kurt M. Dunbar, Nelia W. Edwards, Jon S. Fegyveresi, John M. Ferris, Dave G. Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Fudge, T. J. Gibson, Chris J. Gkinis, Vasileios Goetz, Joshua J. Gregory, Stephanie Hargreaves, Geoffrey M. Iverson, Nels Johnson, Jay A. Jones, Tyler R. Kalk, Michael L. Kippenhan, Matthew J. Koffman, Bess G. Kreutz, Karl Kuhl, Tanner W. Lebar, Donald A. Lee, James E. Marcott, Shaun A. Markle, Bradley R. Maselli, Olivia J. McConnell, Joseph R. McGwire, Kenneth C. Mitchell, Logan E. Mortensen, Nicolai B. Neff, Peter D. Nishiizumi, Kunihiko Nunn, Richard M. Orsi, Anais J. Pasteris, Daniel R. Pedro, Joel B. Pettit, Erin C. Price, P. Buford Priscu, John C. Rhodes, Rachael H. Rosen, Julia L. Schauer, Andrew J. Schoenemann, Spruce W. Sendelbach, Paul J. Severinghaus, Jeffrey P. Shturmakov, Alexander J. Sigl, Michael Slawny, Kristina R. Souney, Joseph M. Sowers, Todd A. Spencer, Matthew K. Steig, Eric J. Taylor, Kendrick C. Twickler, Mark S. Vaughn, Bruce H. Voigt, Donald E. Waddington, Edwin D. Welten, Kees C. Wendricks, Anthony W. White, James W. C. Winstrup, Mai Wong, Gifford J. Woodruff, Thomas E. CA WAIS Divide Project Members TI Precise interpolar phasing of abrupt climate change during the last ice age SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BIPOLAR SEESAW; ANTARCTIC ICE; CHRONOLOGY AICC2012; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLACIAL PERIOD; CORE RECORD; OCEAN MODEL; WAIS DIVIDE; POLAR ICE; GREENLAND AB The last glacial period exhibited abrupt Dansgaard-Oeschger climatic oscillations, evidence of which is preserved in a variety of Northern Hemisphere palaeodimate archives'. Ice cores show that Antarctica cooled during the warm phases of the Greenland Dansgaard-Oeschger cycle and vice versa''', suggesting an interhemispheric redistribution of heat through a mechanism called the bipolar seesaw(4-6). Variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength are thought to have been important, but much uncertainty remains regarding the dynamics and trigger of these abrupt events'. Key information is contained in the relative phasing of hemispheric climate variations, yet the large, poorly constrained difference between gas age and ice age and the relatively low resolution of methane records from Antarctic ice cores have so far precluded methane-based synchronization at the required sub-centennial precision''''". Here we use a recently drilled high-accumulation Antarctic ice core to show that, on average, abrupt Greenland warming leads the corresponding Antarctic cooling onset by 218 +/- 92 years (2 sigma a) for DansgaardOeschger events, including the Bolling event; Greenland cooling leads the corresponding onset of Antarctic warming by 208 +/- 96 years. Our results demonstrate a north-to-south directionality of the abrupt climatic signal, which is propagated to the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes by oceanic rather than atmospheric processes. The similar interpolar phasing of warming and cooling transitions suggests that the transfer time of the climatic signal is independent of the AMOC background state. Our findings confirm a central role for ocean circulation in the bipolar seesaw and provide clear criteria for assessing hypotheses and model simulations of Dansgaard-Oeschger dynamics. C1 [Buizert, Christo; Bauska, Thomas K.; Brook, Edward J.; Edwards, Jon S.; Kalk, Michael L.; Lee, James E.; Marcott, Shaun A.; Mitchell, Logan E.; Rhodes, Rachael H.; Rosen, Julia L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Adrian, Betty; Bencivengo, Brian B.; Hargreaves, Geoffrey M.; Nunn, Richard M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ice Core Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ahn, Jinho] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Albert, Mary; Gregory, Stephanie] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Alley, Richard B.; Fegyveresi, John M.; Sowers, Todd A.; Voigt, Donald E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Baggenstos, Daniel; Orsi, Anais J.; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bay, Ryan C.; Price, P. Buford] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bentley, Charles R.; Gibson, Chris J.; Goetz, Joshua J.; Johnson, Jay A.; Kuhl, Tanner W.; Lebar, Donald A.; Mortensen, Nicolai B.; Sendelbach, Paul J.; Shturmakov, Alexander J.; Slawny, Kristina R.; Wendricks, Anthony W.] Univ Wisconsin, Ice Drilling Design & Operat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chellman, Nathan J.; Maselli, Olivia J.; McConnell, Joseph R.; McGwire, Kenneth C.; Pasteris, Daniel R.; Sigl, Michael; Taylor, Kendrick C.] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Clow, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cole-Dai, Jihong; Ferris, Dave G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Conway, Howard; Fudge, T. J.; Markle, Bradley R.; Schauer, Andrew J.; Schoenemann, Spruce W.; Steig, Eric J.; Waddington, Edwin D.; Winstrup, Mai] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cravens, Eric] ADC Management Serv, Lakewood, CO 80226 USA. [Cuffey, Kurt M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Dunbar, Nelia W.; Iverson, Nels] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Joan J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gkinis, Vasileios; Jones, Tyler R.; Vaughn, Bruce H.; White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gkinis, Vasileios; Pedro, Joel B.; Winstrup, Mai] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Ice & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Kippenhan, Matthew J.] Antarctic Support Contract, Lockheed Martin US Antarctic Program, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. [Koffman, Bess G.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Kreutz, Karl] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kreutz, Karl] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Marcott, Shaun A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neff, Peter D.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, Wellington 6012, New Zealand. [Nishiizumi, Kunihiko; Welten, Kees C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Orsi, Anais J.] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Pedro, Joel B.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pettit, Erin C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Priscu, John C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Souney, Joseph M.; Twickler, Mark S.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Spencer, Matthew K.] Lake Super State Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Wong, Gifford J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Woodruff, Thomas E.] Purdue Univ, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Buizert, C (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM buizertc@science.oregonstate.edu RI Gkinis, Vasileios/E-8185-2011; Steig, Eric/G-9088-2015; Marcott, Shaun/L-7098-2015; Taylor, Kendrick/A-3469-2016; White, James/A-7845-2009; Cole-Dai, Jihong/B-2510-2009; Winstrup, Mai/M-5844-2014; Mitchell, Logan/A-5481-2011; OI Rhodes, Rachael/0000-0001-7511-1969; Koffman, Bess/0000-0002-9451-4138; Gkinis, Vasileios/0000-0002-5910-1549; Steig, Eric/0000-0002-8191-5549; Taylor, Kendrick/0000-0001-8535-1261; White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Winstrup, Mai/0000-0002-4794-4004; Mitchell, Logan/0000-0002-8749-954X; Baggenstos, Daniel/0000-0001-9756-6884; VAUGHN, BRUCE/0000-0001-6503-957X FU US National Science foundation [0944078, 0841308, 1043528, 1142173, 1204172, 1142041, 1043518, 0839066, 0087345, 0944191, 0539232, 0537661, 1142069, 1142115, 0841135, 0839093, 1142166]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program; NOM Climate and Global Change Fellowship Program; illum Foundation; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean; Korea Polar Research Institute [PE15010]; WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office at the Desert Research Institute of Nevada; Ice Drilling Program Office and Ice Drilling Design and Operations group for coring activities; NICL; Raytheon Polar Services for logistics support in Antarctica; 109th New York Air National Guard for airlift in Antarctica; The US National Science foundation [1142164, 1142178, 0538657, 1043500, 0944584, 1043313, 0537930, 1043092, 0230149, 0230396, 0440817, 0440819, 0944348, 0944266, 0839137, 0537593, 1043167] FX We thank the WAIS Divide Drilling Team (2006-2013) (E Morton, P. Cassidy, M. Jayred, J. Robinson, S. Polishinski, J. Koehler, L Albershardt, J. Goetz, B. Gross, R. Kuhn, S. Haman, W. Neumeister, C. Zander, J. Kyne, L. Augustin, B. Folmer, S. B. Hansen, E. Alexander and J. Fowler) and the dozens of core handlers who processed the ice core in the field and at the National Ice Core Laboratory (NICL). This work is funded through the US National Science foundation grants 0944078,0841308 (to M.A.), 1043528 (to R.B.A., D.E.V. and J.M.F.), 1142173 (to R.B.),1204172,1142041, 1043518 (to E.J.B.), 0839066 (to J.C.-D.), 0087345, 0944191 (to H.C. and E.D.W.), 0539232, 0537661 (to K.M.C.), 1142069, 1142115 (to N.W.D.), 0841135 (to IDDO), 0839093, 1142166 (to J.R.M.), 0440819, 1142164 (to K.C.M.), 1142178 (to P.B.P.), 0538657 (to J.P.S.), 1043500, 0944584 (to T.A.S.), 1043313 (to M.K.S), 0537930, 1043092 (to E.J.S.), 0230149,0230396, 0440817, 0440819,0944191, 0944348 (to K.C.T.), 0944266 (to M.S.T.), 0839137 (to K.C.W. and K.N.), 0537593 and 1043167 (to J.W.C.W.); the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program (to G.D.C. and J.J.F); the NOM Climate and Global Change Fellowship Program,administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (to C.B.); the Villum Foundation (to M.W.); the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (to J.B.P., JISAO contribution no. 2343); and the Korea Polar Research Institute, grant PE15010 (to J.A.). The National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs also funded the WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office at the Desert Research Institute of Nevada and University of New Hampshire for the collection and distribution of the WAIS Divide ice core and related tasks; the Ice Drilling Program Office and Ice Drilling Design and Operations group for coring activities; the NICL for curation of the core; Raytheon Polar Services for logistics support in Antarctica; and the 109th New York Air National Guard for airlift in Antarctica. NR 69 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 21 U2 132 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 30 PY 2015 VL 520 IS 7549 BP 661 EP U169 DI 10.1038/nature14401 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH0DQ UT WOS:000353689700046 ER PT J AU Wang, GX Ding, Y Borcherdt, R AF Wang, Guoxin Ding, Yang Borcherdt, Roger TI Simulation of acceleration field of the Lushan earthquake (Ms7.0, April 20, 2013, China) SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Earthquake ground motions; Stochastic finite-fault method; Source spectrum; Seismic attenuation; Soil response analysis ID STRONG-GROUND-MOTION; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; ROCK SITES; CALIFORNIA; SPECTRA; VALIDATION; RECORDINGS AB The acceleration field of the Lushan earthquake (Ms7.0, April 20, 2013, China) is simulated using a new modified version of the stochastic finite-fault method (EXSIM) based on a dynamic corner frequency approach. To incorporate the effect of heterogeneous slip distribution on the variation of source spectrum, we adopt an empirical source spectral model and derive the corresponding dynamic parameters, which vary with the cumulative seismic moment of the ruptured area. The new modified method is validated by: 1) comparison of the simulation results with those obtained from the EXSIM method using near-fault ground motion data of the 1994 Northridge earthquake; 2) comparison of simulated PGA contour map inferred from synthetic time histories at 315 grid locations with the observed PGA shakemap for the 2013 Lushan earthquake; 3) comparison of simulated PGA with those predicted by ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs); and 4) comparison of simulated time histories with observed acceleration records at six strong motion stations during the mainshock of the Lushan earthquake, in which local site response is considered in the simulation. These comparisons confirm the validity of the new simulation procedure for purposes of regional strong ground motion estimation. Limitations of the procedure in modeling the phasing of different arrivals in the seismic signal and near-surface response of geologic deposits are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Guoxin; Ding, Yang] Dalian Univ Technol, Fac Infrastruct Engn, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. [Borcherdt, Roger] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ding, Y (reprint author), Dalian Univ Technol, Fac Infrastruct Engn, Room 211,2 Linggong Rd, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. EM gxwang@dlut.edu.cn; dy503@mail.dlut.edu.cn; borcherdt@usgs.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51378092, 51121005]; National Key Technology R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2014BAL05B03] FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51378092 and 51121005) and the National Key Technology R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2014BAL05B03). The recordings of the 2013 Lushan earthquake were provided by China Strong Motion Networks Center (CSMNC) for research applications. The digital elevation data for the maps is available from the database of Jarvis et al. (2008), and the slip model of the Northridge earthquake is available through the Finite-Source Rupture Model Database at the website eQuake-RC (http://equake-rc.info/, last accessed April 2014). We would like to thank Dilli Thapa for providing language help and two anonymous reviewers for the helpful comments and suggestions. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 EI 1872-6917 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD APR 30 PY 2015 VL 189 BP 84 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.02.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA CG2FI UT WOS:000353089900007 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Swidinsky, A AF Love, Jeffrey J. Swidinsky, Andrei TI Observatory geoelectric fields induced in a two-layer lithosphere during magnetic storms SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Magnetic storm; Induction hazard; Geomagnetic and geoelectric fields; Time-series analysis; Operational algorithm ID GEOMAGNETICALLY INDUCED CURRENTS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; SURFACE; DISTURBANCES; CONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEMS; HAZARD; SPACE; JAPAN AB We report on the development and validation of an algorithm for estimating geoelectric fields induced in the lithosphere beneath an observatory during a magnetic storm. To accommodate induction in three-dimensional lithospheric electrical conductivity, we analyze a simple nine-parameter model: two horizontal layers, each with uniform electrical conductivity properties given by independent distortion tensors. With Laplace transformation of the induction equations into the complex frequency domain, we obtain a transfer function describing induction of observatory geoelectric fields having frequency-dependent polarization. Upon inverse transformation back to the time domain, the convolution of the corresponding impulse-response function with a geomagnetic time series yields an estimated geoelectric time series. We obtain an optimized set of conductivity parameters using 1-s resolution geomagnetic and geoelectric field data collected at the Kakioka, Japan, observatory for five different intense magnetic storms, including the October 2003 Halloween storm; our estimated geoelectric field accounts for 93% of that measured during the Halloween storm. This work demonstrates the need for detailed modeling of the Earth's lithospheric conductivity structure and the utility of co-located geomagnetic and geoelectric monitoring. C1 [Love, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Swidinsky, Andrei] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046 MS 966 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov; aswidins@mines.edu FU USGS Geomagnetism Program FX We thank CA Finn, EJ Rigler, JL Slate, and two anonymous people for reviewing a draft manuscript. We thank PA Bedrosian and A Kelbert for useful conversations. This analysis could not have been done without the high-quality and high-continuity geomagnetic and geoelectric field data acquired by the JMA at the Kakioka observatory. We thank Puthe et al. for their attentive examination of our previously published results Love and Swidinsky 2014. This work was supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 67 BP 1 EP 12 AR 58 DI 10.1186/s40623-015-0213-3 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CI4HC UT WOS:000354708200001 ER PT J AU McNamara, DE Benz, HM Herrmann, RB Bergman, EA Earle, P Holland, A Baldwin, R Gassner, A AF McNamara, D. E. Benz, H. M. Herrmann, R. B. Bergman, E. A. Earle, P. Holland, A. Baldwin, R. Gassner, A. TI Earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanisms in central Oklahoma reveal a complex system of reactivated subsurface strike-slip faulting SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Oklahoma seismicity; injection-induced earthquakes; reactivated faulting ID SEISMICITY; INJECTION; SEQUENCE; CHILE AB The sharp increase in seismicity over a broad region of central Oklahoma has raised concern regarding the source of the activity and its potential hazard to local communities and energy industry infrastructure. Since early 2010, numerous organizations have deployed temporary portable seismic stations in central Oklahoma in order to record the evolving seismicity. In this study, we apply a multiple-event relocation method to produce a catalog of 3639 central Oklahoma earthquakes from late 2009 through 2014. Regional moment tensor (RMT) source parameters were determined for 195 of the largest and best recorded earthquakes. Combining RMT results with relocated seismicity enabled us to determine the length, depth, and style of faulting occurring on reactivated subsurface fault systems. Results show that the majority of earthquakes occur on near-vertical, optimally oriented (NE-SW and NW-SE), strike-slip faults in the shallow crystalline basement. These are necessary first-order observations required to assess the potential hazards of individual faults in Oklahoma. C1 [McNamara, D. E.; Benz, H. M.; Earle, P.; Baldwin, R.; Gassner, A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Herrmann, R. B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Bergman, E. A.] Global Seismol Serv, Golden, CO USA. [Holland, A.] Oklahoma Geol Survey, Norman, OK USA. RP McNamara, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mcnamara@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey's National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX This research was supported by the United States Geological Survey's National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. Source parameters determined in this study contribute to improving the understanding of earthquake hazard in Oklahoma and are available to research scientists and engineers from the USGS COMCAT system (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/). All waveform data used in this study, from both portable and permanent seismic stations, are archived and available for download from the IRIS Data Management Center (DMC). Earthquake hypocenter uncertainty was significantly reduced due to the high density of portable seismic stations. The RMTs benefited from high-quality broadband data recorded at permanent stations in the ANSS RSNs, Backbone, and Earthscope TA seismic networks. GMT was used to generate maps [Wessel and Smith, 2004] and ZMAP for earthquake FMD and Omori's lawcalculations [Wiemer, 2002]. The authors greatly appreciate the hard work of people that have responded to the evolving sequences. USGS field crews included Alena Leeds, Jim Allen, Steve Roberts, Dave Worley, M. Meremonte, and E. Cochran. We would also like to thank staff at IRIS PASSCAL, Oklahoma State University and the Oklahoma Geological Survey for material and logistical support. D. Ketchum provided easy access to waveform and meta-data. We also thank the NEIC analysts for initial single-event locations and phase picks. The manuscript greatly benefitted from editorial reviews by M. Zoback, R. Keller, R. Williams, O. Boyd, N. Vance, J. Rubenstein, J. McCarthy, and L. Gee. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2742 EP 2749 DI 10.1002/2014GL062730 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CI2FN UT WOS:000354560800023 ER PT J AU Wahl, T Plant, NG AF Wahl, Thomas Plant, Nathaniel G. TI Changes in erosion and flooding risk due to long-term and cyclic oceanographic trends SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Central Gulf of Mexico; sea level rise; wave climate; coastal erosion and flooding risk; long-term trends; changes in seasonal cycles ID BARRIER-ISLAND; SEA-LEVEL; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; 20TH-CENTURY AB We assess temporal variations in waves and sea level, which are driving factors for beach erosion and coastal flooding in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We find that long-term trends in the relevant variables have caused an increase of similar to 30% in the erosion/flooding risk since the 1980s. Changes in the wave climatewhich have often been ignored in earlier assessmentswere at least as important as sea level rise (SLR). In the next decades, SLR will likely become the dominating driver and may in combination with ongoing changes in the wave climate (and depending on the emission scenario) escalate the erosion/flooding risk by up to 300% over the next 30 years. We also find significant changes in the seasonal cycles of sea level and significant wave height, which have in combination caused a considerable increase of the erosion/flooding risk in summer and decrease in winter relative to long-term trends. C1 [Wahl, Thomas] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Wahl, T (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM thomaswahl@mail.usf.edu OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX T.W. was supported by a fellowship within the postdoctoral program of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The hourly water level data used in the analysis were downloaded from the data base of the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center (http://uhslc.soest.hawaii.edu/) and NOAA's Tides and Currents website (http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/). Wave data were obtained from NOAA's National Data Buoy Center (http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/) and USACE's Wave Information Studies (http://wis.usace.army.mil/). Li data were analyzed and provided to us by K. Doran and H. Stockdon (USGS). 20CR wind data were downloaded from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/20thC_Rean/. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2943 EP 2950 DI 10.1002/2015GL063876 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CI2FN UT WOS:000354560800048 ER PT J AU Eiler, JH Evans, AN Schreck, CB AF Eiler, John H. Evans, Allison N. Schreck, Carl B. TI Migratory Patterns of Wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Returning to a Large, Free-Flowing River Basin SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; FRASER-RIVER; YUKON RIVER; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; EMG TELEMETRY; NERKA SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; STEELHEAD AB Upriver movements were determined for Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returning to the Yukon River, a large, virtually pristine river basin. These returns have declined dramatically since the late 1990s, and information is needed to better manage the run and facilitate conservation efforts. A total of 2,860 fish were radio tagged during 2002-2004. Most (97.5%) of the fish tracked upriver to spawning areas displayed continual upriver movements and strong fidelity to the terminal tributaries entered. Movement rates were substantially slower for fish spawning in lower river tributaries (28-40 km d(-1)) compared to upper basin stocks (52-62 km d(-1)). Three distinct migratory patterns were observed, including a gradual decline, pronounced decline, and substantial increase in movement rate as the fish moved upriver. Stocks destined for the same region exhibited similar migratory patterns. Individual fish within a stock showed substantial variation, but tended to reflect the regional pattern. Differences between consistently faster and slower fish explained 74% of the within-stock variation, whereas relative shifts in sequential movement rates between "hares" (faster fish becoming slower) and "tortoises" (slow but steady fish) explained 22% of the variation. Pulses of fish moving upriver were not cohesive. Fish tagged over a 4-day period took 16 days to pass a site 872 km upriver. Movement rates were substantially faster and the percentage of atypical movements considerably less than reported in more southerly drainages, but may reflect the pristine conditions within the Yukon River, wild origins of the fish, and discrete run timing of the returns. Movement data can provide numerous insights into the status and management of salmon returns, particularly in large river drainages with widely scattered fisheries where management actions in the lower river potentially impact harvests and escapement farther upstream. However, the substantial variation exhibited among individual fish within a stock can complicate these efforts. C1 [Eiler, John H.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Evans, Allison N.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Eiler, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.eiler@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; U.S./Canada Yukon River Treaty Implementation Fund [03NMF4380185]; Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund Project [45224] FX Funding: Funding for this study was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Additional support was provided by the U.S./Canada Yukon River Treaty Implementation Fund Grant No. 03NMF4380185, and the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund Project No. 45224. Annual study plans were reviewed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (Alaska Fisheries Science Center), Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Division of Commercial Fisheries), and the Joint Technical Committee of the U.S-Canada Yukon River Panel. Editorial review of the paper was provided by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0123127 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0123127 PG 33 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG9SE UT WOS:000353659400024 ER PT J AU Wood, NJ Jones, J Spielman, S Schmidtlein, MC AF Wood, Nathan J. Jones, Jeanne Spielman, Seth Schmidtlein, Mathew C. TI Community clusters of tsunami vulnerability in the US Pacific Northwest SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE vulnerability; tsunami; evacuation; hazard; disaster ID FRAMEWORK; HAZARDS AB Many coastal communities throughout the world are threatened by local (or near-field) tsunamis that could inundate low-lying areas in a matter of minutes after generation. Although the hazard and sustainability literature often frames vulnerability conceptually as a multidimensional issue involving exposure, sensitivity, and resilience to a hazard, assessments often focus on one element or do not recognize the hazard context. We introduce an analytical framework for describing variations in population vulnerability to tsunami hazards that integrates (i) geospatial approaches to identify the number and characteristics of people in hazard zones, (ii) anisotropic path distance models to estimate evacuation travel times to safety, and (iii) cluster analysis to classify communities with similar vulnerability. We demonstrate this approach by classifying 49 incorporated cities, 7 tribal reservations, and 17 counties from northern California to northern Washington that are directly threatened by tsunami waves associated with a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. Results suggest three primary community groups: (i) relatively low numbers of exposed populations with varied demographic sensitivities, (ii) high numbers of exposed populations but sufficient time to evacuate before wave arrival, and (iii) moderate numbers of exposed populations but insufficient time to evacuate. Results can be used to enhance general hazard-awareness efforts with targeted interventions, such as education and outreach tailored to local demographics, evacuation training, and/or vertical evacuation refuges. C1 [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Jones, Jeanne] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Spielman, Seth] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schmidtlein, Mathew C.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geog, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Wood, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program; National Science Foundation [1333271] FX We thank Mara Tongue, Dr. Tim Frazier, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful reviews of earlier versions of the article. This research was supported by the US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program and National Science Foundation Award 1333271. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 17 BP 5354 EP 5359 DI 10.1073/pnas.1420309112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG8JR UT WOS:000353554000043 PM 25870283 ER PT J AU Chadwick, JG Nislow, KH McCormick, SD AF Chadwick, Joseph G., Jr. Nislow, Keith H. McCormick, Stephen D. TI Thermal onset of cellular and endocrine stress responses correspond to ecological limits in brook trout, an iconic cold-water fish SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; cortisol; glucose; heat shock protein; Salvelinus fontinalis; temperature ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; TEMPERATURE INCREASES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS AB Climate change is predicted to change the distribution and abundance of species, yet underlying physiological mechanisms are complex and methods for detecting populations at risk from rising temperature are poorly developed. There is increasing interest in using physiological mediators of the stress response as indicators of individual and population-level response to environmental stressors. Here, we use laboratory experiments to show that the temperature thresholds in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) for increased gill heat shock protein-70 (20.7 degrees C) and plasma glucose (21.2 degrees C) are similar to their proposed thermal ecological limit of 21.0 degrees C. Field assays demonstrated increased plasma glucose, cortisol and heat shock protein-70 concentrations at field sites where mean daily temperature exceeded 21.0 degrees C. Furthermore, population densities of brook trout were lowest at field sites where temperatures were warm enough to induce a stress response, and a co-occurring species with a higher thermal tolerance showed no evidence of physiological stress at a warm site. The congruence of stress responses and proposed thermal limits supports the use of these thresholds in models of changes in trout distribution under climate change scenarios and suggests that the induction of the stress response by elevated temperature may play a key role in driving the distribution of species. C1 [Chadwick, Joseph G., Jr.; McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Chadwick, Joseph G., Jr.; McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu FU National Science Foundation; Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; USDOI Northeast Climate Science Center FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through a Graduate Research Fellowship to Joseph G. Chadwick Jr. Additional support came from the Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst through a student research grant. We thank the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and the USDOI Northeast Climate Science Center for support for K. Nislow. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 3 AR cov017 DI 10.1093/conphys/cov017 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA DK8RW UT WOS:000375197000002 PM 27293702 ER PT J AU Ramirez, P Mosley, SB AF Ramirez, Pedro, Jr. Mosley, Sherri Baker TI Oil and Gas Wells and Pipelines on US Wildlife Refuges: Challenges for Managers SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE; WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; SAGEBRUSH; EMISSIONS; ABUNDANCE; SONGBIRDS; IMPACTS AB The increased demand for oil and gas places a burden on lands set aside for natural resource conservation. Oil and gas development alters the environment locally and on a much broader spatial scale depending on the intensity and extent of mineral resource extraction. The current increase in oil and gas exploration and production in the United States prompted an update of the number of pipelines and wells associated with oil and gas production on National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) lands. We obtained geospatial data on the location of oil and gas wells and pipelines within and close to the boundaries of NWRS lands (units) acquired as fee simple (i.e. absolute title to the surface land) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We found that 5,002 wells are located in 107 NWRS units and 595 pipelines transect 149 of the 599 NWRS units. Almost half of the wells (2,196) were inactive, one-third (1,665) were active, and the remainder of the wells were either plugged and abandoned or the status was unknown. Pipelines crossed a total of 2,155 kilometers (1,339 miles) of NWRS fee simple lands. The high level of oil and gas activity warrants follow up assessments for wells lacking information on production type or well status with emphasis on verifying the well status and identifying abandoned and unplugged wells. NWRS fee simple lands should also be assessed for impacts from brine, oil and other hydrocarbon spills, as well as habitat alteration associated with oil and gas, including the identification of abandoned oil and gas facilities requiring equipment removal and site restoration. C1 [Ramirez, Pedro, Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NWRS, Div Nat Resources & Conservat, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Mosley, Sherri Baker] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NWRS, Nat Resource Program Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Ramirez, P (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NWRS, Div Nat Resources & Conservat, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM Pedro_Ramirez@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0124085 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0124085 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG9SB UT WOS:000353659100036 PM 25915417 ER PT J AU Carlson, C Schneider, J Heisey, D Johnson, C AF Carlson, Christina Schneider, Jay Heisey, Dennis Johnson, Christopher TI Polymorphisms in prion protein amino acid 170 do not alter the high susceptibility of red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) to chronic wasting disease SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carlson, Christina; Schneider, Jay; Heisey, Dennis; Johnson, Christopher] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RI Carlson, Christina/D-8327-2013; Carlson, Christina/P-6507-2015 OI Carlson, Christina/0000-0002-4950-8273; Carlson, Christina/0000-0002-4950-8273 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD APR 24 PY 2015 VL 9 SU 1 MA P.72 BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CI0RG UT WOS:000354444900090 ER PT J AU Johnson, C Carlson, C Keating, M Gibbs, N Chang, H Wiepz, J Pedersen, J AF Johnson, Christopher Carlson, Christina Keating, Matthew Gibbs, Nicole Chang, Haeyoon Wiepz, Jamie Pedersen, Joel TI Uptake of prions into plants SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Christopher; Carlson, Christina; Keating, Matthew; Gibbs, Nicole; Chang, Haeyoon; Wiepz, Jamie; Pedersen, Joel] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Keating, Matthew] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD APR 24 PY 2015 VL 9 SU 1 MA P.157 BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CI0RG UT WOS:000354444900175 ER PT J AU Wang, DT Gruen, DS Lollar, BS Hinrichs, KU Stewart, LC Holden, JF Hristov, AN Pohlman, JW Morrill, PL Konneke, M Delwiche, KB Reeves, EP Sutcliffe, CN Ritter, DJ Seewald, JS McIntosh, JC Hemond, HF Kubo, MD Cardace, D Hoehler, TM Ono, S AF Wang, David T. Gruen, Danielle S. Lollar, Barbara Sherwood Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Stewart, Lucy C. Holden, James F. Hristov, Alexander N. Pohlman, John W. Morrill, Penny L. Koenneke, Martin Delwiche, Kyle B. Reeves, Eoghan P. Sutcliffe, Chelsea N. Ritter, Daniel J. Seewald, Jeffrey S. McIntosh, Jennifer C. Hemond, Harold F. Kubo, Michael D. Cardace, Dawn Hoehler, Tori M. Ono, Shuhei TI Nonequilibrium clumped isotope signals in microbial methane SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; BIOGENIC METHANE; HYDROGEN; FRACTIONATION; CARBON; BASIN; GAS; REDUCTION; WATER; OXIDATION AB Methane is a key component in the global carbon cycle, with a wide range of anthropogenic and natural sources. Although isotopic compositions of methane have traditionally aided source identification, the abundance of its multiply substituted "clumped" isotopologues (for example, (CH3D)-C-13) has recently emerged as a proxy for determining methane-formation temperatures. However, the effect of biological processes on methane's clumped isotopologue signature is poorly constrained. We show that methanogenesis proceeding at relatively high rates in cattle, surface environments, and laboratory cultures exerts kinetic control on (CH3D)-C-13 abundances and results in anomalously elevated formation-temperature estimates. We demonstrate quantitatively that H-2 availability accounts for this effect. Clumped methane thermometry can therefore provide constraints on the generation of methane in diverse settings, including continental serpentinization sites and ancient, deep groundwaters. C1 [Wang, David T.; Gruen, Danielle S.; Reeves, Eoghan P.; Ono, Shuhei] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wang, David T.; Gruen, Danielle S.; Seewald, Jeffrey S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lollar, Barbara Sherwood; Sutcliffe, Chelsea N.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Koenneke, Martin] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Koenneke, Martin] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Stewart, Lucy C.; Holden, James F.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hristov, Alexander N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Morrill, Penny L.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. [Delwiche, Kyle B.; Hemond, Harold F.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ritter, Daniel J.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Det Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kubo, Michael D.; Hoehler, Tori M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cardace, Dawn] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ono, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sono@mit.edu RI Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/C-7675-2009; Reeves, Eoghan/M-3542-2013; OI Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/0000-0002-0739-9291; Reeves, Eoghan/0000-0003-0146-0714; Wang, David/0000-0002-2656-8951; Stewart, Lucy/0000-0001-7352-3329 FU NSF [EAR-1250394, EAR-1322805]; N. R. Braunsdorf and D. J. H. Smit of Shell PTI/EG; Deep Carbon Observatory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HI 616-14-1]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; Neil a nd Anna Rasmussen Foundation Fund; Grayce B. Kerr Fellowship; Shell-MITEI Graduate Fellowship FX We thank J. Hayes, R. Summons, A. Whitehill, S. Zaarur, C. Ruppel, L. T. Bryndzia, N. Blair, D. Vinson, K. Nealson, and M. Schrenk for discussions; W. Olszewski, D. Nelson, G. Lacrampe-Couloume, and B. Topcuoglu for technical assistance; A. Whitehill, G. Luo, A. Apprill, K. Twing, W. Brazelton, A. Wray, J. Oh, A. Rowe, G. Chadwick, and A. Rietze for assistance in the field; R. Michener for the delta Dwater analyses; L. T. Bryndzia (Shell) for providing the shale gas samples; R. Dias (USGS) for sharing the NGS samples; and R. Raiche, D. McCrory, S. Moore (HomestakeMining Co.), the staff of the McLaughlin Natural Reserve, and the well operators for access to samples. Grants from the NSF (EAR-1250394 to S.O. and EAR-1322805 to J.C.M.), N. R. Braunsdorf and D. J. H. Smit of Shell PTI/EG (to S.O.), the Deep Carbon Observatory (to S.O., B. S. L., M.K., and K.-U.H.), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to B. S. L.), and the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (HI 616-14-1 to K.-U.H. and M.K.) supported this study. D. T. W. was supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. D. S. G. was supported by the Neil a nd Anna Rasmussen Foundation Fund, the Grayce B. Kerr Fellowship, and a Shell-MITEI Graduate Fellowship. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. All data used to support the conclusions in this manuscript are provided in the supplementary materials. Author contributions: D. T. W. and S.O. developed the methods, analyzed data, and performed modeling. D. T. W. and D. S. G. performed isotopic analyses. D. S. G., L.C.S., J.F.H., M.K., K.-U.H., and S.O. designed and/or conducted microbiological experiments. D. T. W., D. S. G., B. S. L., P.L.M., K. B. D., A. N. H., C.N.S., M.D.K., D. J. R., J.C.M., D.C., and S.O. designed and/or executed the field-sampling campaigns. D.T.W. and S.O. wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 14 U2 109 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 24 PY 2015 VL 348 IS 6233 BP 428 EP 431 DI 10.1126/science.aaa4326 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG5NF UT WOS:000353338000032 PM 25745067 ER PT J AU Krogdahl, A Gajardo, K Kortner, TM Penn, M Gu, M Berge, GM Bakke, AM AF Krogdahl, Ashild Gajardo, Karina Kortner, Trond M. Penn, Michael Gu, Min Berge, Gerd Marit Bakke, Anne Marie TI Soya Saponins Induce Enteritis in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE inflammation; intestine; soybean; lupin meal; fishmeal ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MEAL-INDUCED ENTERITIS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOYBEAN-INDUCED ENTERITIS; INCREASING RATION LEVELS; RAINBOW-TROUT; DISTAL INTESTINE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; FEED-INTAKE; LUPIN SEED AB Soybean meal-induced enteritis (SBMIE) is a well-described condition in the distal intestine of salmonids, and saponins have been implicated as the causal agent. However, the question remains whether saponins alone cause SBMIE. Moreover, the dose-response relationship has not been described. In a 10 week feeding trial with Atlantic salmon, a highly purified (95%) soya saponin preparation was supplemented (0, 2, 4, 6, or 10 g/kg) to two basal diets, one containing fishmeal as the major protein source (FM) and the other 25% lupin meal (LP). Saponins caused dose-dependent increases in the severity of inflammation independent of the basal diet, with concomitant alterations in digestive functions and immunological marker expression. Thus, saponins induced inflammation whether the diet contained other legume components or not. However, responses were often the same or stronger in fish fed the corresponding saponin-supplemented LP diets despite lower saponin exposure, suggesting potentiation by other legume component(s). C1 [Krogdahl, Ashild; Gajardo, Karina; Kortner, Trond M.; Bakke, Anne Marie] Norwegian Univ Life Sci NMBU, Sch Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. [Penn, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Gu, Min] Shandong Univ, Marine Coll, Weihai 264209, Peoples R China. [Berge, Gerd Marit] Sunndalsora Aquaculture Res Stn, N-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway. RP Krogdahl, A (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci NMBU, Sch Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. EM ashild.krogdahl@nmbu.no NR 79 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 63 IS 15 BP 3887 EP 3902 DI 10.1021/jf506242t PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA CG9AC UT WOS:000353605800009 PM 25798699 ER PT J AU Wang, J Caccamise, SAL Woodward, LA Li, QX AF Wang, Jun Caccamise, Sarah A. L. Woodward, Lee Ann Li, Qing X. TI Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Plasma and Preen Oil of Black-Footed Albatross (Diomedea nigripes) Chicks and Adults on Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; EATING SEA BIRDS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PHALACROCORAX-CARBO; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; MOLECULAR-FEATURES; METABOLIC-RATE; PCB ISOMERS; CONGENERS; EGGS AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Midway Atoll, located in the North Pacific Ocean, was occupied by the military during and after World War II. However, Midway Atoll has become a national wildlife refuge and home to many different sea-birds today, including the black-footed albatross (Diomedea nigripes) (BFAL). The profiles and toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PCB congeners in the plasma and preen oil of BFAL chicks and adults were determined in this study. The concentrations of the total PCBs in the plasma samples of chicks and adults collected in Midway Atoll ranged from 2.3 to 223.8 (mean 80.1) and 22.8 to 504.5 (mean 158.6) ng g(-1) (wet weight, ww), respectively. The TEQs ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 (mean 0.4) and 0.4 to 1.6 (mean 0.9) pg g(-1) ww, respectively, in the plasma samples of chicks and adults from Midway Atoll. The major congeners in the plasma samples of chicks and adults included PCBs 31, 87, 97, 99, 118, 138, 153, and 180, accounting for 70% of the total PCBs. The concentrations of the total PCBs in the adult preen oil samples ranged from 1693 to 39404 (mean 10122) ng g(-1) (ww), of which 97% were PCBs 105, 118, 128, 138, 153, 161, 172, and 183. C1 [Wang, Jun; Caccamise, Sarah A. L.; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Woodward, Lee Ann] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reefs NWRC, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Caccamise, SAL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qingl@hawaii.edu RI Wang, Jun/H-5837-2015 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0123041 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0123041 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG5KV UT WOS:000353331500039 PM 25901941 ER PT J AU McCleery, RA Sovie, A Reed, RN Cunningham, MW Hunter, ME Hart, KM AF McCleery, Robert A. Sovie, Adia Reed, Robert N. Cunningham, Mark W. Hunter, Margaret E. Hart, Kristen M. TI Marsh rabbit mortalities tie pythons to the precipitous decline of mammals in the Everglades SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Burmese python; marsh rabbit; Everglades National Park ID INVASIVE BURMESE PYTHONS; NATIONAL-PARK; ORYCTOLAGUS-CUNICULUS; ENDANGERED LAGOMORPH; MOLURUS-BIVITTATUS; PREY POPULATIONS; PREDATORS; FLORIDA; BIODIVERSITY; EXTINCTION AB To address the ongoing debate over the impact of invasive species on native terrestrial wildlife, we conducted a large-scale experiment to test the hypothesis that invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) were a cause of the precipitous decline of mammals in Everglades National Park (ENP). Evidence linking pythons to mammal declines has been indirect and there are reasons to question whether pythons, or any predator, could have caused the precipitous declines seen across a range of mammalian functional groups. Experimentally manipulating marsh rabbits, we found that pythons accounted for 77% of rabbit mortalities within 11 months of their translocation to ENP and that python predation appeared to preclude the persistence of rabbit populations in ENP. On control sites, outside of the park, no rabbits were killed by pythons and 71% of attributable marsh rabbit mortalities were classified as mammal predations. Burmese pythons pose a serious threat to the faunal communities and ecological functioning of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, which will probably spread as python populations expand their range. C1 [McCleery, Robert A.; Sovie, Adia] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Cunningham, Mark W.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hunter, Margaret E.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. RP McCleery, RA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ramccleery@ufl.edu OI McCleery, Robert/0000-0001-7018-005X FU ENP and Big Cypress National Preserve; US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program; University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Science FX This research was funded by ENP and Big Cypress National Preserve, the US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program and the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Science. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 42 U2 206 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 1805 AR 20150120 DI 10.1098/rspb.2015.0120 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CE3ZU UT WOS:000351770200022 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Ingersoll, CG Van Metre, PC Kunz, JL Little, EE AF Mahler, Barbara J. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Van Metre, Peter C. Kunz, James L. Little, Edward E. TI Acute Toxicity of Runoff from Sealcoated Pavement to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; COAL-TAR; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SUNFISH LEPOMIS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; PAH MIXTURES AB Runoff from coal-tar-based (CT) sealcoated pavement is a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-heterocycles to surface waters. We investigated acute toxicity of simulated runoff collected from 5 h to 111 days after application of CT sealcoat and from 4 h to 36 days after application of asphalt-based sealcoat containing about 7% CT sealcoat (AS/CT-blend). Ceriodaphnia dubia (cladocerans) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows) were exposed in the laboratory to undiluted and 1:10 diluted runoff for 48 h, then transferred to control water and exposed to 4 h of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Mortality following exposure to undiluted runoff from unsealed asphalt pavement and UVR was <= 10% in all treatments. Test organisms exposed to undiluted CT runoff samples collected during the 3 days (C. dubia) or 36 days (P. promelas) following sealcoat application experienced 100% mortality prior to UVR exposure; with UVR exposure, mortality was 100% for runoff collected across the entire sampling period. Phototoxic-equivalent PAH concentrations and mortality demonstrated an exposure-response relation. The results indicate that runoff remains acutely toxic for weeks to months after CT sealcoat application. C1 [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kunz, James L.; Little, Edward E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 21 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 8 BP 5060 EP 5069 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00933 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG9BV UT WOS:000353610300034 PM 25860716 ER PT J AU Jackson, ST Blois, JL AF Jackson, Stephen T. Blois, Jessica L. TI Community ecology in a changing environment: Perspectives from the Quaternary SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE community ecology; Quaternary paleoecology; climate change ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MAMMALIAN BETA DIVERSITY; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; PALEONTOLOGICAL DATA; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; FOSSIL RECORD; UNITED-STATES AB Community ecology and paleoecology are both concerned with the composition and structure of biotic assemblages but are largely disconnected. Community ecology focuses on existing species assemblages and recently has begun to integrate history (phylogeny and continental or intercontinental dispersal) to constrain community processes. This division has left a "missing middle": Ecological and environmental processes occurring on timescales from decades to millennia are not yet fully incorporated into community ecology. Quaternary paleoecology has a wealth of data documenting ecological dynamics at these timescales, and both fields can benefit from greater interaction and articulation. We discuss ecological insights revealed by Quaternary terrestrial records, suggest foundations for bridging between the disciplines, and identify topics where the disciplines can engage to mutual benefit. C1 [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci & Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Blois, Jessica L.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Life & Environm Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. RP Jackson, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM stjackson@usgs.gov RI Blois, Jessica/G-5893-2011 OI Blois, Jessica/0000-0003-4048-177X FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1257033, DEB-0345012, EF-1065732] FX Discussions and critiques were provided by D. Sax, M. King, C. Nolan, and anonymous reviewers. Funding for this work was provided by National Science Foundation Grants DEB-1257033 (to J.L.B.) and DEB-0345012 and EF-1065732 (to S.T.J.). NR 122 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 10 U2 59 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 21 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 16 BP 4915 EP 4921 DI 10.1073/pnas.1403664111 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG4FJ UT WOS:000353239100039 PM 25901314 ER PT J AU Titus, TN AF Titus, Timothy N. TI Ceres: Predictions for near-surface water ice stability and implications for plume generating processes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dwarf planets; thermal inertia; cryovolcanism; Ceres; sublimation; ice ID DWARF-PLANET CERES; DAWN MISSION; THERMOPHYSICAL MODEL; ASTEROIDS; VESTA; BELT; MARS; METEORITES; EVOLUTION; MINERALS AB This paper will constrain the possible sources and processes for the formation of recently observed H2O vapor plumes above the surface of the dwarf planet Ceres. Two hypotheses have been proposed: (1) cryovolcanism where the water source is the mantle and the heating source is still unknown or (2) comet-like sublimation where near-surface water ice is vaporized by seasonally increasing solar insolation. We test hypothesis 2, comet-like near-surface sublimation, by using a thermal model to examine the stability of water ice in the near surface. For a reasonable range of physical parameters (thermal inertia, surface roughness, and slopes), we find that water ice is only stable at latitudes higher than similar to 40-60 degrees. These results indicate that either (a) the physical properties of Ceres are unlike our expectations or (b) an alternative to comet-like sublimation, such as the cryovolcanism hypothesis, must be invoked. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Titus, TN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ttitus@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2130 EP 2136 DI 10.1002/2015GL063240 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CH4FL UT WOS:000353988700008 ER PT J AU Pettit, EC Lee, KM Brann, JP Nystuen, JA Wilson, PS O'Neel, S AF Pettit, Erin Christine Lee, Kevin Michael Brann, Joel Palmer Nystuen, Jeffrey Aaron Wilson, Preston Scot O'Neel, Shad TI Unusually loud ambient noise in tidewater glacier fjords: A signal of ice melt SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ice-ocean interactions; fjord circulation; tidewater glaciers; passive acoustics; marine mammal behavior; glacier change ID BEHAVIOR; SEA; AIR; RAINFALL; BUBBLES; WHALES; ALASKA; SOUND; BAY AB In glacierized fjords, the ice-ocean boundary is a physically and biologically dynamic environment that is sensitive to both glacier flow and ocean circulation. Ocean ambient noise offers insight into processes and change at the ice-ocean boundary. Here we characterize fjord ambient noise and show that the average noise levels are louder than nearly all measured natural oceanic environments (significantly louder than sea ice and nonglacierized fjords). Icy Bay, Alaska, has an annual average sound pressure level of 120dB (referenced to 1Pa) with a broad peak between 1000 and 3000Hz. Bubble formation in the water column as glacier ice melts is the noise source, with variability driven by fjord circulation patterns. Measurements from two additional fjords, in Alaska and Antarctica, support that this unusually loud ambient noise in Icy Bay is representative of glacierized fjords. These high noise levels likely alter the behavior of marine mammals. C1 [Pettit, Erin Christine; Brann, Joel Palmer] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lee, Kevin Michael; Wilson, Preston Scot] Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Nystuen, Jeffrey Aaron] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Wilson, Preston Scot] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Pettit, EC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pettit@gi.alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0806317, OPP-0806143, OPP-0806253, OPP-0855265]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0512]; USGS; Icy Bay Lodge; USFS; NSF FX Field data from Icy Bay are archived in the NCAR/UCAR Earth Observing Laboratory (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/codiac/dss/id=106.372). Field data from Andvord Bay are available upon request from E. Pettit. Laboratory data are available upon request from K. Lee. This work was supported by grants OPP-0806317, OPP-0806143, OPP-0806253, and OPP-0855265 from the National Science Foundation, grant N00014-10-1-0512 from the Office of Naval Research, and support from the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Icy Bay field assistants: Joe Kennedy, Tim Bartholomaus, Eric Boget, Paul Aguilar, Hillary Hudson, Megan O'Sadnick, and Michelle Kissling. Icy Bay Lodge and the USFS provided additional support. Yakutat Bay PAL field deployment and retrieval: Manuel Castellote, Bill Lucey, Greg O'Corry-Crowe and Kate Stafford. Andvord Bay data collected as part of the NSF-funded LARISSA Project in collaboration with the Korean Polar Research Institute. Bruce Huber designed the mooring and provided additional equipment for the Antarctic deployment. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2309 EP 2316 DI 10.1002/2014GL062950 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CH4FL UT WOS:000353988700031 ER PT J AU Hunter, ME Oyler-McCance, SJ Dorazio, RM Fike, JA Smith, BJ Hunter, CT Reed, RN Hart, KM AF Hunter, Margaret E. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Dorazio, Robert M. Fike, Jennifer A. Smith, Brian J. Hunter, Charles T. Reed, Robert N. Hart, Kristen M. TI Environmental DNA (eDNA) Sampling Improves Occurrence and Detection Estimates of Invasive Burmese Pythons SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; MOLURUS-BIVITTATUS; FLORIDA; OCCUPANCY; RATES AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods are used to detect DNA that is shed into the aquatic environment by cryptic or low density species. Applied in eDNA studies, occupancy models can be used to estimate occurrence and detection probabilities and thereby account for imperfect detection. However, occupancy terminology has been applied inconsistently in eDNA studies, and many have calculated occurrence probabilities while not considering the effects of imperfect detection. Low detection of invasive giant constrictors using visual surveys and traps has hampered the estimation of occupancy and detection estimates needed for population management in southern Florida, USA. Giant constrictor snakes pose a threat to native species and the ecological restoration of the Florida Everglades. To assist with detection, we developed species-specific eDNA assays using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus), Northern African python (P. sebae), boa constrictor (Boa constrictor), and the green (Eunectes murinus) and yellow anaconda (E. notaeus). Burmese pythons, Northern African pythons, and boa constrictors are established and reproducing, while the green and yellow anaconda have the potential to become established. We validated the python and boa constrictor assays using laboratory trials and tested all species in 21 field locations distributed in eight southern Florida regions. Burmese python eDNA was detected in 37 of 63 field sampling events; however, the other species were not detected. Although eDNA was heterogeneously distributed in the environment, occupancy models were able to provide the first estimates of detection probabilities, which were greater than 91%. Burmese python eDNA was detected along the leading northern edge of the known population boundary. The development of informative detection tools and eDNA occupancy models can improve conservation efforts in southern Florida and support more extensive studies of invasive constrictors. Generic sampling design and terminology are proposed to standardize and clarify interpretations of eDNA-based occupancy models. C1 [Hunter, Margaret E.; Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Smith, Brian J.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hunter, Charles T.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mhunter@usgs.gov OI Smith, Brian/0000-0002-0531-0492 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystems Science Program; U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center FX This work was funded through the U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystems Science Program and the U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 25 U2 118 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0121655 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0121655 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG1EL UT WOS:000353015800027 PM 25874630 ER PT J AU Ossiboff, RJ Raphael, BL Ammazzalorso, AD Seimon, TA Newton, AL Chang, TY Zarate, B Whitlock, AL McAloose, D AF Ossiboff, Robert J. Raphael, Bonnie L. Ammazzalorso, Alyssa D. Seimon, Tracie A. Newton, Alisa L. Chang, Tylis Y. Zarate, Brian Whitlock, Alison L. McAloose, Denise TI Three Novel Herpesviruses of Endangered Clemmys and Glyptemys Turtles SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLES; B-VIRUS; INFECTION; TORTOISES; DISEASE; SEQUENCES; REPTILES; MONKEYS AB The rich diversity of the world's reptiles is at risk due to significant population declines of broad taxonomic and geographic scope. Significant factors attributed to these declines include habitat loss, pollution, unsustainable collection and infectious disease. To investigate the presence and significance of a potential pathogen on populations of critically endangered bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) as well sympatric endangered wood (G. insculpta) and endangered spotted (Clemmys guttata) turtles in the northeastern United States, choanal and cloacal swabs collected from 230 turtles from 19 sites in 5 states were screened for herpesvirus by polymerase chain reaction. We found a high incidence of herpesvirus infection in bog turtles (51.5%; 105/204) and smaller numbers of positive wood (5) and spotted (1) turtles. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed three previously uncharacterized alphaherpesviruses. Glyptemys herpesvirus 1 was the predominant herpesvirus detected and was found exclusively in bog turtles in all states sampled. Glyptemys herpesvirus 2 was found only in wood turtles. Emydid herpesvirus 2 was found in a small number of bog turtles and a single spotted turtle from one state. Based on these findings, Glyptemys herpesvirus 1 appears to be a common infection in the study population, whereas Glyptemys herpesvirus 2 and Emydid herpesvirus 2 were not as frequently detected. Emydid herpesvirus 2 was the only virus detected in more than one species. Herpesviruses are most often associated with subclinical or mild infections in their natural hosts, and no sampled turtles showed overt signs of disease at sampling. However, infection of host-adapted viruses in closely related species can result in significant disease. The pathogenic potential of these viruses, particularly Emydid herpesvirus 2, in sympatric chelonians warrants additional study in order to better understand the relationship of these viruses with their endangered hosts. C1 [Ossiboff, Robert J.; Raphael, Bonnie L.; Ammazzalorso, Alyssa D.; Seimon, Tracie A.; Newton, Alisa L.; McAloose, Denise] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Zool Hlth Program, Bronx, NY USA. [Ammazzalorso, Alyssa D.] Fordham Univ, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Chang, Tylis Y.] Yeshiva Univ, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY USA. [Zarate, Brian] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Endangered & Nongame Species Program, Clinton, NJ USA. [Whitlock, Alison L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA USA. RP Ossiboff, RJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rjo23@cornell.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service through State Wildlife Grant and Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Grant Programs; Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife; New Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife FX This study was funded in part by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service through State Wildlife Grant and Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Grant Programs, the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, the New Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife, and gifts from several private individuals. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0122901 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0122901 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG1EL UT WOS:000353015800082 PM 25875510 ER PT J AU Bohuski, E Lorch, JM Griffin, KM Blehert, DS AF Bohuski, Elizabeth Lorch, Jeffrey M. Griffin, Kathryn M. Blehert, David S. TI TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the fungus associated with snake fungal disease SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV); Emerging disease; Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola; Real-time PCR; Snake fungal disease ID CHRYSOSPORIUM ANAMORPH; NANNIZZIOPSIS-VRIESII; REPTILES; PHYLOGENY; PATHOGEN AB Background: Fungal skin infections associated with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, a member of the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV) complex, have been linked to an increasing number of cases of snake fungal disease (SFD) in captive snakes around the world and in wild snake populations in eastern North America. The emergence of SFD in both captive and wild situations has led to an increased need for tools to better diagnose and study the disease. Results: We developed two TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to rapidly detect O. ophiodiicola in clinical samples. One assay targets the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the fungal genome while the other targets the more variable intergenic spacer region (IGS). The PCR assays were qualified using skin samples collected from 50 snakes for which O. ophiodiicola had been previously detected by culture, 20 snakes with gross skin lesions suggestive of SFD but which were culture-negative for O. ophiodiicola, and 16 snakes with no clinical signs of infection. Both assays performed equivalently and proved to be more sensitive than traditional culture methods, detecting O. ophiodiicola in 98% of the culture-positive samples and in 40% of the culture-negative snakes that had clinical signs of SFD. In addition, the assays did not cross-react with a panel of 28 fungal species that are closely related to O. ophiodiicola or that commonly occur on the skin of snakes. The assays did, however, indicate that some asymptomatic snakes (similar to 6%) may harbor low levels of the fungus, and that PCR should be paired with histology when a definitive diagnosis is required. Conclusions: These assays represent the first published methods to detect O. ophiodiicola by real-time PCR. The ITS assay has great utility for assisting with SFD diagnoses whereas the IGS assay offers a valuable tool for research-based applications. C1 [Bohuski, Elizabeth; Griffin, Kathryn M.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov OI Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank D. Earl Green, Susan Knowles, and Julia Lankton for collecting tissue samples during routine necropsies and for providing histopathology results, and Katie Schmidt, Stephanie Steinfeldt, Brenda Berlowski-Zier, Dottie Johnson, and Nathan Ramsay for technical support. Finally, we are grateful to the numerous state and federal agencies and private individuals that submitted samples to the NWHC and made this work possible. The use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 25 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 11 AR 95 DI 10.1186/s12917-015-0407-8 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CG2QL UT WOS:000353119400001 PM 25889462 ER PT J AU Goff, JA Flood, RD Austin, JA Schwab, WC Christensen, B Browne, CM Denny, JF Baldwin, WE AF Goff, John A. Flood, Roger D. Austin, James A., Jr. Schwab, William C. Christensen, Beth Browne, Cassandra M. Denny, Jane F. Baldwin, Wayne E. TI The impact of Hurricane Sandy on the shoreface and inner shelf of Fire Island, New York: Large bedform migration but limited erosion SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Superstorm Sandy; Sand ridges; Sorted bedforms; Shoreface; Inner shelf; Ravinement ID HUMMOCKY CROSS-STRATIFICATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; EVOLUTION; OFFSHORE; RIDGES; TRANSGRESSION; STRATIGRAPHY; RAVINEMENT; FRAMEWORK; FACIES AB We investigate the impact of superstorm Sandy on the lower shoreface and inner shelf offshore the barrier island system of Fire Island, NY using before-and-after surveys involving swath bathymetry, backscatter and CHIRP acoustic reflection data. As sea level rises over the long term, the shoreface and inner shelf are eroded as barrier islands migrate landward; large storms like Sandy are thought to be a primary driver of this largely evolutionary process. The "before" data were collected in 2011 by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of a long-term investigation of the Fire Island barrier system. The "after" data were collected in January, 2013, similar to two months after the storm. Surprisingly, no widespread erosional event was observed. Rather, the primary impact of Sandy on the shoreface and inner shelf was to force migration of major bedforms (sand ridges and sorted bedforms) 10's of meters WSW alongshore, decreasing in migration distance with increasing water depth. Although greater in rate, this migratory behavior is no different than observations made over the 15-year span prior to the 2011 survey. Stratigraphic observations of buried, offshore-thinning fluvial channels indicate that long-term erosion of older sediments is focused in water depths ranging from the base of the shoreface (similar to 13-16 m) to similar to 21 m on the inner shelf, which is coincident with the range of depth over which sand ridges and sorted bedforms migrated in response to Sandy. We hypothesize that bedform migration regulates erosion over these water depths and controls the formation of a widely observed transgressive ravinement; focusing erosion of older material occurs at the base of the stoss (upcurrent) flank of the bedforms. Secondary storm impacts include the formation of ephemeral hummocky bedforms and the deposition of a mud event layer. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goff, John A.; Austin, James A., Jr.; Browne, Cassandra M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Flood, Roger D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Schwab, William C.; Denny, Jane F.; Baldwin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Christensen, Beth] Adelphi Univ, Environm Studies Program, Garden City, NY 11530 USA. RP Goff, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM goff@ig.utexas.edu FU Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas, Austin FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Seawolf, owned and operated by Stony Brook University, for their tireless work and dedication. S. Saustrup at UTIG helped to process the CHIRP profiles. This work was funded primarily by a rapid response Grant from the Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas, Austin. UTIG contribution number 2839. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 98 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2015.03.001 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CG2FO UT WOS:000353090500002 ER PT J AU Lammers, LN Brown, GE Bird, D Thomas, RB Johnson, NC Rosenbauer, RJ Maher, K AF Lammers, Laura N. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Bird, Dennis K. Thomas, Randal B. Johnson, Natalie C. Rosenbauer, Robert J. Maher, Katharine TI Sedimentary reservoir oxidation during geologic CO2 sequestration SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; OIL-FIELD WATERS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; CARBON STORAGE; HIGH-PRESSURES; TUSCALOOSA FORMATION; HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; ABIOTIC SYNTHESIS AB Injection of carbon dioxide into subsurface geologic reservoirs during geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) introduces an oxidizing supercritical CO2 phase into a subsurface geologic environment that is typically reducing. The resulting redox disequilibrium provides the chemical potential for the reduction of CO2 to lower free energy organic species. However, redox reactions involving carbon typically require the presence of a catalyst. Iron oxide minerals, including magnetite, are known to catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions of C-bearing species. If the redox conditions in the reservoir are modified by redox transformations involving CO2, such changes could also affect mineral stability, leading to dissolution and precipitation reactions and alteration of the long-term fate of CO2 in GCS reservoirs. We present experimental evidence that reservoirs with reducing redox conditions are favorable environments for the relatively rapid abiotic reduction of CO2 to organic molecules. In these experiments, an aqueous suspension of magnetite nanoparticles was reacted with supercritical CO2 under pressure and temperature conditions relevant to GCS in sedimentary reservoirs (95-210 degrees C and similar to 100 bars of CO2). Hydrogen production was observed in several experiments, likely caused by Fe(II) oxidation either at the surface of magnetite or in the aqueous phase. Heating of the Fe(II)-rich system resulted in elevated P-H2 and conditions favorable for the reduction of CO2 to acetic acid. Implications of these results for the long-term fate of CO2 in field-scale systems were explored using reaction path modeling of CO2 injection into reservoirs containing Fe(II)-bearing primary silicate minerals, with kinetic parameters for CO2 reduction obtained experimentally. The results of these calculations suggest that the reaction of CO2 with reservoir constituents will occur in two primary stages (1) equilibration of CO2 with organic acids resulting in mineral-fluid disequilibrium, and (2) gradual dissolution of primary minerals promoting significant CO2 reduction through the release of Fe(II). The reduction of CO2 is identified as a new trapping mechanism that could significantly enhance the long-term stability of GCS reservoirs. Identification of reservoir characteristics that promote CO2 redox transformations could be used as an additional factor in screening geologic reservoirs for GCS. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lammers, Laura N.; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.; Bird, Dennis K.; Johnson, Natalie C.; Maher, Katharine] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Photon Sci, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thomas, Randal B.; Rosenbauer, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lammers, LN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lnlammers@berkeley.edu RI Maher, Kate/B-3489-2010; OI Maher, Kate/0000-0002-5982-6064; Thomas, Burt/0000-0002-2228-6770 FU Stanford University Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) FX We gratefully acknowledge Christopher Conaway, USGS, Menlo Park, for his assistance with CRDS analyses. Funding in support of this work was provided by the Stanford University Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP). NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 155 BP 30 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.001 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE3NI UT WOS:000351732800003 ER PT J AU Minks, KR Ruark, MD Lowery, B Madison, FW Frame, D Stuntebeck, TD Komiskey, MJ Kraft, GJ AF Minks, Kyle R. Ruark, Matthew D. Lowery, Birl Madison, Fred W. Frame, Dennis Stuntebeck, Todd D. Komiskey, Matthew J. Kraft, George J. TI At-grade stabilization structure impact on surface water quality of an agricultural watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE At-grade stabilization structure; Storm runoff; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Sediment basin ID PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENT; NITROGEN; STREAMS; RUNOFF AB Decades of farming and fertilization of farm land in the unglaciated/Driftless Area (DA) of southwestern Wisconsin have resulted in the build-up of P and to some extent, N, in soils. This build-up, combined with steep topography and upper and lower elevation farming (tiered farming), exacerbates problems associated with runoff and nutrient transport in these landscapes. Use of an at-grade stabilization structure (AGSS) as an additional conservation practice to contour strip cropping and no-tillage, proved to be successful in reducing organic and sediment bound N and P within an agricultural watershed located in the DA. The research site was designed as a paired watershed study, in which monitoring stations were installed on the perennial streams draining both control and treatment watersheds. Linear mixed effects statistics were used to determine significant changes in nutrient concentrations before and after installation of an AGSS. Results indicate a significant reduction in storm event total P (TP) concentrations (P = 0.01) within the agricultural watershed after installation of the AGSS, but not total dissolved P (P = 0.23). This indicates that the reduction in P concentration is that of the particulate form. Storm event organic N concentrations were also significantly reduced (P = 0.03) after the AGSS was installed. We conclude that AGSS was successful in reducing the organic and sediment bound N and P concentrations in runoff waters thus reducing their delivery to nearby surface waters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Minks, Kyle R.] Dept Land & Water Resources, Dane Cty WI, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Ruark, Matthew D.; Lowery, Birl; Madison, Fred W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Frame, Dennis] Univ Wisconsin, Discovery Farms, Pigeon Falls, WI 54760 USA. [Stuntebeck, Todd D.; Komiskey, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Kraft, George J.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Ruark, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdruark@wisc.edu FU Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board [10-08]; University of Wisconsin-Extension; USGS FX The authors would like to thank the Bragger Family for allowing research to be conducted on their farm. Research funding was provided to UW-Discovery Farms by Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board (agreement number 10-08) and University of Wisconsin-Extension, with additional support provided by the USGS. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 153 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.030 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE6UZ UT WOS:000351975000007 PM 25657061 ER PT J AU Donovan, M Miller, A Baker, M Gellis, A AF Donovan, Mitchell Miller, Andrew Baker, Matthew Gellis, Allen TI Sediment contributions from floodplains and legacy sediments to Piedmont streams of Baltimore County, Maryland SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial; Change detection; Bank erosion; Legacy sediment; Floodplain ID RIVER BANK EROSION; COON CREEK BASIN; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHANNEL CHANGE; SOUTH RIVER; LAND-USE; USA; BUDGET AB Disparity between watershed erosion rates and downstream sediment delivery has remained an important theme in geomorphology for many decades, with the role of floodplains in sediment storage as a common focus. In the Piedmont Province of the eastern USA, upland deforestation and agricultural land use following European settlement led to accumulation of thick packages of overbank sediment in valley bottoms, commonly referred to as legacy deposits. Previous authors have argued that legacy deposits represent a potentially important source of modem sediment loads following remobilization by lateral migration and progressive channel widening. This paper seeks to quantify (1) rates of sediment remobilization from Baltimore County floodplains by channel migration and bank erosion, (2) proportions of streambank sediment derived from legacy deposits, and (3) potential contribution of net streambank erosion and legacy sediments to downstream sediment yield within the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont. We calculated measurable gross erosion and deposition rates within the fluvial corridor along 40 valley segments from 18 watersheds with drainage areas between 0.18 and 155 km(2) in Baltimore County, Maryland. We compared stream channel and floodplain morphology from lidar-based digital elevation data collected in 2005 with channel positions recorded on 1:2400 scale topographic maps from 1959-1961 in order to quantify 44-46 years of channel change. Sediment bulk density and particle size distributions were characterized from streambank and channel deposit samples and used for volume to mass conversions and for comparison with other sediment sources. Average annual lateral migration rates ranged from 0.04 to 0.19 m/y, which represented an annual migration of 2.5% (0.9-4.4%) channel width across all study segments, suggesting that channel dimensions may be used as reasonable predictors of bank erosion rates. Gross bank erosion rates varied from 43 to 310 Mg/km/y (median = 114) and were positively correlated with drainage area. Measured deposition within channels accounted for an average of 46% (28-75%) of gross erosion, with deposition increasingly important in larger drainages. Legacy sediments accounted for 6-90% of bank erosion at individual study segments, represented about 60% of bank height at most exposures, and accounted for 57% (+/- 16%) of the measured gross erosion. Extrapolated results indicated that first- and second-order streams accounted for 62% (+/- 38%) of total streambank erosion from 1005 km2 of northern Baltimore County. After accounting for estimated redeposition, extrapolated net streambank sediment yields (72 Mg/km(2)/y) constituted 70% of estimated average Piedmont watershed yields (104 Mg/km(2)/y). The results suggest that streambank sediments are a relatively large source of sediment from Piedmont tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Donovan, Mitchell; Miller, Andrew; Baker, Matthew] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Gellis, Allen] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Donovan, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM mdonovan@umbc.edu; miller@umbc.edu; mbaker@umbc.edu; agellis@usgs.gov OI Donovan, Mitchell/0000-0001-9635-6500 FU Maryland Water Resources Research Center; National Institutes for Water Resources [2012MD262B, Z974003] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Maryland Water Resources Research Center and National Institutes for Water Resources Award 2012MD262B, Subaward Z974003. Equipment and space for the research was provided by numerous organizations, including the UMBC Geography and Environmental Systems (GES) department, the Center for Urban and Environmental Research and Education (CUERE), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We would like to thank Milan Pavich, Sean Smith, Dorothy Merritts, and Michael Rahnis, who each provided time and resources essential for the development of this project. Additional thanks goes to Andrew Bofto for his great dedication to field and lab work, along with Claire Welty for her donation of lab space and resources. Considerable effort from Jim Pizzuto, Kevin Breen, and two anonymous reviewers substantially improved the quality of work and language contained herein. We would also like to acknowledge Richard Marston for his patience that provided a smooth and thorough revision process. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 235 BP 88 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.025 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE4KZ UT WOS:000351800800008 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Schubert, C Argue, D Fisher, I Furlong, ET Foreman, W Gray, J Chalmers, A AF Phillips, P. J. Schubert, C. Argue, D. Fisher, I. Furlong, E. T. Foreman, W. Gray, J. Chalmers, A. TI Concentrations of hormones, pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater affected by septic systems in New England and New York SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Septic systems; Micropollutants; Endocrine active compounds; Groundwater; Pharmaceuticals ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; TREATMENT-PLANT EFFLUENT; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; CAPE-COD; CONTAMINANTS; FATE; AQUIFER; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; NONYLPHENOL; ESTROGENS AB Septic-system discharges can be an important source of micropollutants (including pharmaceuticals and endocrine active compounds) to adjacent groundwater and surface water systems. Groundwater samples were collected from well networks tapping glacial till in New England (NE) and sandy surficial aquifer New York (NY) during one sampling round in 2011. The NE network assesses the effect of a single large septic system that receives discharge from an extended health care facility for the elderly. The NY network assesses the effect of many small septic systems used seasonally on a densely populated portion of Fire Island. The data collected from these two networks indicate that hydrogeologic and demographic factors affect micropollutant concentrations in these systems. The highest micropollutant concentrations from the NE network were present in samples collected from below the leach beds and in a well downgradient of the leach beds. Total concentrations for personal care/domestic use compounds, pharmaceutical compounds and plasticizer compounds generally ranged from 1 to over 20 mu g/L in the NE network samples. High tris(2-butoxyethyl phosphate) plasticizer concentrations in wells beneath and downgradient of the leach beds (>20 mu g/L) may reflect the presence of this compound in cleaning agents at the extended health-care facility. The highest micropollutant concentrations for the NY network were present in the shoreline wells and reflect groundwater that is most affected by septic system discharges. One of the shoreline wells had personal care/domestic use, pharmaceutical, and plasticizer concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 5.7 mu g/L. Estradiol equivalency quotient concentrations were also highest in a shoreline well sample (3.1 ng/L). Most micropollutant concentrations increase with increasing specific conductance and total nitrogen concentrations for shoreline well samples. These findings suggest that septic systems serving institutional settings and densely populated areas in coastal settings may be locally important sources of micropollutants to adjacent aquifer and marine systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Phillips, P. J.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Schubert, C.; Fisher, I.] US Geol Survey, Coram, NY USA. [Argue, D.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH USA. [Furlong, E. T.; Foreman, W.; Gray, J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chalmers, A.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pjphilli@usgs.gov FU US Department of Interior; US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program; National Park Service FX This research was funded by the US Department of Interior, US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program and the US Department of Interior, National Park Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The draft manuscript was improved by comments by Tia-Marie Scott and Jennifer Morace, US Geological Survey. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 512 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.067 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD7CN UT WOS:000351248500006 PM 25613769 ER PT J AU Lester, Y Ferrer, I Thurman, EM Sitterley, KA Korak, JA Aiken, G Linden, KG AF Lester, Yaal Ferrer, Imma Thurman, E. Michael Sitterley, Kurban A. Korak, Julie A. Aiken, George Linden, Karl G. TI Characterization of hydraulic fracturing flowback water in Colorado: Implications for water treatment SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic fracturing; Flowback; Fracking; Water quality; Water treatment; Water reuse; Denver-Julesburg basin ID ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS; REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT; WASTE-WATER; REMOVAL; DEGRADATION; CARBON; OIL; NANOFILTRATION AB A suite of analytical tools was applied to thoroughly analyze the chemical composition of an oil/gas well flowback water from the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) basin in Colorado, and the water quality data was translated to propose effective treatment solutions tailored to specific reuse goals. Analysis included bulk quality parameters, trace organic and inorganic constituents, and organic matter characterization. The flowback sample contained salts (TDS = 22,500 mg/L), metals (e.g., iron at 81.4 mg/L) and high concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOC = 590 mgC/L). The organic matter comprised fracturing fluid additives such as surfactants (e.g., linear alkyl ethoxylates) and high levels of acetic acid (an additives' degradation product), indicating the anthropogenic impact on this wastewater. Based on the water quality results and preliminary treatability tests, the removal of suspended solids and iron by aeration/precipitation (and/or filtration) followed by disinfection was identified as appropriate for flowback recycling in future fracturing operations. In addition to these treatments, a biological treatment (to remove dissolved organic matter) followed by reverse osmosis desalination was determined to be necessary to attain water quality standards appropriate for other water reuse options (e.g., crop irrigation). The study provides a framework for evaluating site-specific hydraulic fracturing wastewaters, proposing a suite of analytical methods for characterization, and a process for guiding the choice of a tailored treatment approach. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lester, Yaal; Sitterley, Kurban A.; Korak, Julie A.; Linden, Karl G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ferrer, Imma; Thurman, E. Michael] Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Mass Spectrometry, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aiken, George] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Linden, KG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM karl.linden@colorado.edu RI Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008; OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851; Linden, Karl G./0000-0003-4301-7227 FU AirWaterGas Sustainability Research Network - National Science Foundation [CBET-1240584] FX This research was supported by the AirWaterGas Sustainability Research Network, funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-1240584. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank Kenna Butler (USGS) for analytical assistance, Dr. On Lahav (Israel Institutes of Technology) for his help with the PHREEQC speciation modeling software, Dr Tzahi Cath and Daniel Freedman for their technical support, and Dr. Clara Duca and Dr. James Rosenblum for their assistance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 46 U2 317 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 512 BP 637 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.043 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD7CN UT WOS:000351248500063 PM 25658325 ER PT J AU Schuur, EAG McGuire, AD Schadel, C Grosse, G Harden, JW Hayes, DJ Hugelius, G Koven, CD Kuhry, P Lawrence, DM Natali, SM Olefeldt, D Romanovsky, VE Schaefer, K Turetsky, MR Treat, CC Vonk, JE AF Schuur, E. A. G. McGuire, A. D. Schaedel, C. Grosse, G. Harden, J. W. Hayes, D. J. Hugelius, G. Koven, C. D. Kuhry, P. Lawrence, D. M. Natali, S. M. Olefeldt, D. Romanovsky, V. E. Schaefer, K. Turetsky, M. R. Treat, C. C. Vonk, J. E. TI Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; THAWING PERMAFROST; THERMOKARST LAKES; ARCTIC TUNDRA; RELEASE; CO2; TEMPERATURE; SIBERIA; VULNERABILITY AB Large quantities of organic carbon are stored in frozen soils (permafrost) within Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. Awarming climate can induce environmental changes that accelerate the microbial breakdown of organic carbon and the release of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane. This feedback can accelerate climate change, but the magnitude and timing of greenhouse gas emission from these regions and their impact on climate change remain uncertain. Here we find that current evidence suggests a gradual and prolonged release of greenhouse gas emissions in a warming climate and present a research strategy with which to target poorly understood aspects of permafrost carbon dynamics. C1 [Schuur, E. A. G.; Schaedel, C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.; Schaedel, C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.; Schaedel, C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Grosse, G.] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hayes, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hayes, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Koven, C. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lawrence, D. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Natali, S. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Olefeldt, D.; Turetsky, M. R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Olefeldt, D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Romanovsky, V. E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Romanovsky, V. E.] Tyumen State Oil & Gas Univ, Tyumen 625000, Tyumen Oblast, Russia. [Schaefer, K.] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Treat, C. C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Vonk, J. E.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Schuur, EAG (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM ted.schuur@nau.edu RI Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Vonk, Jorien/H-5422-2011; Schadel, Christina/F-5948-2013; OI Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Schadel, Christina/0000-0003-2145-6210; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178 FU National Science Foundation Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network [955713]; National Science Foundation Research, Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change [1331083]; Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Sciences Division Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program [DE-SC0006982]; National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research Program [1026415]; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM) of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) [DE-FC02-97ER62402]; European Research Commission [338335]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [863.12.004]; National Science Foundation Polar Programs [1312402, 856864, 1304271]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09OAR4310063]; National Aeronautics and Space Agency [NNX10AR63G]; Nordforsk (DEFROST) [23001]; EU [282700]; FORMAS (Bolin Climate Research Centre) [214-2006-1749]; Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research [3ERKP818]; National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology [724514, 830997]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Initial funding was provided by the National Science Foundation Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network Grant number 955713, with continued support from the National Science Foundation Research, Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change Grant number 1331083. Author contributions were also supported by grants to individuals: Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Sciences Division Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program (DE-SC0006982) to E.A.G.S.; National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research Program (1026415) to A.D.M.; Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231, NGEE Arctic, BGC-Feedbacks SFA) to C.D.K.; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM) of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) Cooperative Agreement (DE-FC02-97ER62402) to D.M.L.; European Research Commission (338335) to G.G.; The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (863.12.004) to J.E.V.; National Science Foundation Polar Programs (1312402) to S.M.N.; National Science Foundation Polar Programs (856864 and 1304271) to V.E.R.; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA09OAR4310063) and National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NNX10AR63G) to K.S.; Nordforsk (DEFROST; 23001), EU FP7 (PAGE21; 282700) and FORMAS (Bolin Climate Research Centre; 214-2006-1749) to G.H. and P.K.; Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research (3ERKP818) to D.J.H.; National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology (724514, 830997) to M.R.T. and A.D.M.; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program to J.W.H. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 97 TC 197 Z9 200 U1 138 U2 596 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 9 PY 2015 VL 520 IS 7546 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1038/nature14338 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CF3NA UT WOS:000352454600029 PM 25855454 ER PT J AU Heilweil, VM Grieve, PL Hynek, SA Brantley, SL Solomon, DK Risser, DW AF Heilweil, Victor M. Grieve, Paul L. Hynek, Scott A. Brantley, Susan L. Solomon, D. Kip Risser, Dennis W. TI Stream Measurements Locate Thermogenic Methane Fluxes in Groundwater Discharge in an Area of Shale-Gas Development SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL GASES; WATER; PENNSYLVANIA; IMPACTS; EXTRACTION; CARBON; WELLS AB The environmental impacts of shale,gas development on water resources, including methane migration to shallow groundwater, have been difficult to assess. Monitoring around gas wells is generally limited to domestic water-supply well's, which often are not situated along predominant groundwater flow paths. A new concept is tested here: combining stream hydrocarbon and noble-gas measurements with reach mass-balance modeling to estimate thermogenic methane concentrations and fluxes in groundwater discharging to streams and to constrain methane sources. In the Marcellus Formation shalegas play of northern Pennsylvania (U.S.A.), we sampled methane in 15 streams as a reconnaissance tool to locate methane-laden groundwater discharge: concentrations up to 69 mu gL(-1) were observed, with four streams >= 5 mu g L-1. Geochemical analyses of water from one stream with high methane (Sugar Run, Lycoming County) were consistent with Middle Devonian gases. After sampling was completed, we learned of a state regulator investigation of stray-gas migration from a nearby Marcellus Formation gas well. Modeling indicates a groundwater thermogenic methane flux of about 0.5 kg d(-1) discharging into Sugar Run, possibly from this fugitive gas source. Since flow paths often coalesce into gaining streams, stream methane monitoring provides the first watershed-scale method to assess grOundwatet contamination from shale-gas development. C1 [Heilweil, Victor M.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Grieve, Paul L.; Hynek, Scott A.; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Grieve, Paul L.; Hynek, Scott A.; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Risser, Dennis W.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Heilweil, VM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM Heilweil@usgs.gov RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 FU NSF OCE [11-40159] FX We would like to acknowledge the help of Todd Sowers (Pennsylvania State University) for analytical determination of hydrocarbon concentrations (C1, C2) and carbon isotopes (delta13CCH4, delta13CC2H6), Richard Doucett (University of California-Davis) for analytical determination of hydrogen isotopes of methane (delta2HCH4), and Randall Conger (U.S. Geological Survey) for the Sugar Run discharge measurements. Susan L. Brantley and Paul L. Grieve acknowledge support from NSF OCE 11-40159. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 7 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 7 BP 4057 EP 4065 DI 10.1021/es503882b PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CF6HY UT WOS:000352659000008 PM 25786038 ER PT J AU Conaway, CH Thomas, B Saad, N Thordsen, JJ Kharaka, YK AF Conaway, Christopher H. Thomas, Burt Saad, Nabil Thordsen, James J. Kharaka, Yousif K. TI Carbon isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in fresh and saline (NaCl) water via continuous flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy following wet chemical oxidation SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE methods and equipment; isotope hydrology; carbon-13; isotope measurements; cavity ring-down spectroscopy; wet chemical oxidation ID C-13/C-12; RATIO; ACIDS; PERSULFATE; SEAWATER; DIOXIDE; USA AB This work examines the performance and limitations of a wet chemical oxidation carbon analyser interfaced with a cavity ring-down spectrometer (WCO-CRDS) in a continuous flow (CF) configuration for measuring delta C-13 of dissolved organic carbon (delta C-13-DOC) in natural water samples. Low-chloride matrix (<5 g Cl/L) DOC solutions were analysed with as little as 2.5 mg C/L in a 9 mL aliquot with a precision of 0.5 parts per thousand. In high-chloride matrix (10-100 g Cl/L) DOC solutions, bias towards lighter delta C-13-DOC was observed because of incomplete oxidation despite using high-concentration oxidant, extended reaction time, or post-wet chemical oxidation gas-phase combustion. However, through a combination of dilution, chloride removal, and increasing the oxidant:sample ratio, high-salinity samples with sufficient DOC (>22.5 mu g C/aliquot) may be analysed. The WCO-CRDS approach requires more total carbon (mu g C/aliquot) than conventional CF-isotope ratio mass spectrometer, but is nonetheless applicable to a wide range of DOC concentration and water types, including brackish water, produced water, and basinal brines. C1 [Conaway, Christopher H.; Thomas, Burt; Thordsen, James J.; Kharaka, Yousif K.] USGS Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Saad, Nabil] Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Conaway, CH (reprint author), USGS Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cconaway@usgs.gov OI Thomas, Burt/0000-0002-2228-6770 FU USGS National Research Program FX The authors thank Jeff Lane, David Hart, Noel Bauman, and John Welsh for software support for the TOC analyser; Guillermo Jimenez, Steve Silva, and Gilles St-Jean for analytical support and advice; and George Aiken for a review of the manuscript. The authors graciously acknowledge the support of the USGS National Research Program. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 EI 1477-2639 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PD APR 3 PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 344 EP 358 DI 10.1080/10256016.2015.1009910 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH5RS UT WOS:000354093600010 PM 25689734 ER PT J AU Lemieux, CJ Thompson, J Slocombe, DS Schuster, R AF Lemieux, Christopher James Thompson, Jessica Slocombe, D. Scott Schuster, Rudy TI Climate change collaboration among natural resource management agencies: lessons learned from two US regions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptation; mainstreaming; policy; management; planning; transboundary; adaptive capacity; natural resources; collaboration; climate change ID CHANGE ADAPTATION; PROTECTED AREAS; FOREST; RESILIENCE; UNCERTAINTY; COOPERATION; OPTIONS; BASINS; POLICY; CANADA AB It has been argued that regional collaboration can facilitate adaptation to climate change impacts through integrated planning and management. In an attempt to understand the underlying institutional factors that either support or contest this assumption, this paper explores the institutional factors influencing adaptation to climate change at the regional scale, where multiple public land and natural resource management jurisdictions are involved. Insights from two mid-western US case studies reveal that several challenges to collaboration persist and prevent fully integrative multi-jurisdictional adaptation planning at a regional scale. We propose that some of these challenges, such as lack of adequate time, funding and communication channels, be reframed as opportunities to build interdependence, identify issue-linkages and collaboratively explore the nature and extent of organisational trade-offs with respect to regional climate change adaptation efforts. Such a reframing can better facilitate multi-jurisdictional adaptation planning and management of shared biophysical resources generally while simultaneously enhancing organisational capacity to mitigate negative effects and take advantage of potentially favourable future conditions in an era characterised by rapid climate change. C1 [Lemieux, Christopher James; Slocombe, D. Scott] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Thompson, Jessica] No Michigan Univ, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Schuster, Rudy] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lemieux, CJ (reprint author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. EM clemieux@wlu.ca NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 38 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0964-0568 EI 1360-0559 J9 J ENVIRON PLANN MAN JI J. Environ. Plan. Manag. PD APR 3 PY 2015 VL 58 IS 4 BP 654 EP 677 DI 10.1080/09640568.2013.876392 PG 24 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB1QD UT WOS:000349401800005 ER PT J AU Mulch, A Chamberlain, CP Cosca, MA Teyssier, C Methner, K Hren, MT Graham, SA AF Mulch, Andreas Chamberlain, C. P. Cosca, Michael A. Teyssier, Christian Methner, Katharina Hren, Michael T. Graham, Stephan A. TI RAPID CHANGE IN HIGH-ELEVATION PRECIPITATION PATTERNS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA DURING THE MIDDLE EOCENE CLIMATIC OPTIMUM (MECO) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Midde Eocene Climatic Optimum; paleoclimate; North American Cordillera; paleoelevation; oxygen isotopes; paleoaltimetry ID CORDILLERAN THRUST BELT; THERMAL MAXIMUM; GREAT-BASIN; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; LARAMIDE FORELAND; STABLE-ISOTOPE; PLATEAU UPLIFT; LATE PALEOCENE; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES AB We present Eocene terrestrial oxygen (delta O-18), carbon (delta C-13), and strontium (Sr-87/Sr-86) isotope lake and paleosol records from two high elevation sites on the western North American plateau. These records represent terrestrial stable isotope evidence of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) an enigmatic and rapid global warming event that interrupted protracted Eocene global cooling at around 40.0 Ma. Revised stratigraphy based on 15 Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from air-fall and water-lain ash in the Elko basin (Nevada) places evaporative lake conditions followed by rapid (<150 ka) freshening and a large (14-15 %) negative shift in delta O-18 of lake water between 40.2 Ma and 39.4 Ma, right at the climax of MECO. Prior to MECO high delta O-18 and delta C-13 values in well-laminated organic-rich shales are consistent with high evaporation-to-precipitation ratios, lack of lake overturn, persistent lake stratification, and moderate to high lake salinity. However, a step-wise large magnitude (>20%) decrease in delta C-13 values already during the pre-MECO cooling phase, requires that in contrast to pre-MECO climate conditions, MECO temperature seasonality in western North America was sufficiently strong to (re-)establish regular lake overturn. The rate and magnitude of the rapid negative lacustrine delta O-18 shift during MECO in the Elko lake basin is inconsistent with a simple scenario of regional surface uplift affecting decrease of delta O-18 in precipitation and associated lake freshening. We consider the overall negative shift in delta O-18 of non-evaporatively O-18-enriched lake waters (-9.3 +/- 1.8 %) between the 42 to 43 Ma Elko Formation and the ca. 38 Ma base of the Indian Well Formation to be composed of a ca. 3 to 4 permil decrease in delta O-18 of lake carbonate as a consequence of post-MECO cooling and an additional ca. 5 to 6 permil decrease in delta O-18 of riverine lake input as a response to 43 to 38 Ma surface uplift. When combined with isotope-enabled global circulation model results, the Elko lake data further suggest that once critical elevations were attained a change in upstream moisture transport including strengthening of monsoonal summer rainfall on the (south-) eastern flanks of the Cordillera and a larger fraction of air parcel trajectories to the (eastern) lee of the Cordilleran highlands that had passed over the (western) continental interior were responsible for the rapid middle Eocene decrease in delta O-18 of precipitation in the central Cordilleran hinterland. C1 [Mulch, Andreas; Methner, Katharina] Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Mulch, Andreas; Methner, Katharina] Senckenberg Res Inst, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Mulch, Andreas; Methner, Katharina] Nat Hist Museum, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Mulch, Andreas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Chamberlain, C. P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cosca, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Teyssier, Christian] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Hren, Michael T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Graham, Stephan A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mulch, A (reprint author), Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. EM andreas.mulch@senckenberg.de FU NSF [EAR-1019648, EAR-0838541]; LOEWE funding program (Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz) of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts FX We thank A. Lechler, C. Poulsen, G. Retallack and C. Johnson for insightful reviews that helped to significantly improve this manuscript. Research was supported by NSF grants EAR-1019648 (CPC, AM and SAG) and EAR-0838541 (CT) and the LOEWE funding program (Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz) of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts (AM, KM). We thank Jens Fiebig and the joint BiK-F - Goethe University Stable Isotope Facility for analytical support and Ronny Schonberg (Tubingen) for MC-ICP-MS analyses. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 315 IS 4 BP 317 EP 336 DI 10.2475/04.2015.02 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DA8IC UT WOS:000368047300002 ER PT J AU Christensen, A Regish, A McCormick, S AF Christensen, Arne Regish, Amy McCormick, Stephen TI Gill Ion Transporter Transcript and Protein Abundance during Developmental Increases in Salinity Tolerance of Atlantic salmon Smolts SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, ASIP, ASN, ASPET C1 [Christensen, Arne; McCormick, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Regish, Amy; McCormick, Stephen] USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 SU 1 MA 843.6 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA CS0BT UT WOS:000361722703465 ER PT J AU Fujimoto, C Phipps-Costin, S McCormick, S Breves, J AF Fujimoto, Chelsea Phipps-Costin, Silas McCormick, Stephen Breves, Jason TI Variation in Branchial Expression Among insulin-like growth-factor binding proteins (igfbps) During Atlantic Salmon Smoltification SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, ASIP, ASN, ASPET C1 [Fujimoto, Chelsea; Phipps-Costin, Silas; Breves, Jason] Skidmore Coll, Dept Biol, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. [McCormick, Stephen] USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 SU 1 MA 686.11 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA CS0BT UT WOS:000361722700266 ER PT J AU Phipps-Costin, S Fujimoto, C McCormick, S Breves, J AF Phipps-Costin, Silas Fujimoto, Chelsea McCormick, Stephen Breves, Jason TI Hepatic insulin-like growth-factorbinding protein (igfbp) Transcriptional Responses to Fasting in Atlantic Salmon SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, ASIP, ASN, ASPET C1 [Phipps-Costin, Silas; Fujimoto, Chelsea; Breves, Jason] Skidmore Coll, Dept Biol, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. [McCormick, Stephen] USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 SU 1 MA 686.15 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA CS0BT UT WOS:000361722700270 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Arp, CD AF Jones, Benjamin M. Arp, Christopher D. TI Observing a Catastrophic Thermokarst Lake Drainage in Northern Alaska SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE arctic; catastrophic drainage; lakes; permafrost; thermokarst ID ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; TESHEKPUK LAKE; THAW LAKES; PERMAFROST; BASINS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; COASTLINE; CANADA; ICE AB The formation and drainage of thermokarst lakes have reshaped ice-rich permafrost lowlands in the Arctic throughout the Holocene. North of Teshekpuk Lake, on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska, thermokarst lakes presently occupy 22.5% of the landscape, and drained thermokarst lake basins occupy 61.8%. Analysis of remotely sensed imagery indicates that nine lakes (>10 ha) have drained in the 1,750 km(2) study area between 1955 and 2014. The most recent lake drainage was observed using in situ data loggers providing information on the duration and magnitude of the event, and a nearby weather station provided information on the environmental conditions preceding the lake drainage. Lake 195 (L195), an 80 ha thermokarst lake with an estimated water volume of 872,000 m(3), catastrophically drained on 05 July 2014. Abundant winter snowfall and heavy early summer precipitation resulted in elevated lake water levels that likely promoted bank overtopping, thermo-erosion along an ice-wedge network, and formation of a 9 m wide, 2 m deep, and 70 m long drainage gully. The lake emptied in 36 hours, with 75% of the water volume loss occurring in the first ten hours. The observed peak discharge of the resultant flood was 25 m(3)/s, which is similar to that in northern Alaska river basins whose areas are more than two orders of magnitude larger. Our findings support the catastrophic nature of sudden lake drainage events and the mechanistic hypotheses developed by J. Ross Mackay. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjones@usgs.gov OI Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 FU U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; DOI on the Landscape Initiative; Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; National Science Foundation [ARC-1107481, OIA-1208927] FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, the DOI on the Landscape Initiative, the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and the National Science Foundation (ARC-1107481, OIA-1208927) for financial support. We thank Arctic Slope Regional Cooperation for allowing access to lands near Cape Halkett. We thank Jim Webster for the many years of flight support to and from the field site. We thank two anonymous reviewers for providing useful suggestions that strengthened this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1045-6740 EI 1099-1530 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD APR PY 2015 VL 26 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1002/ppp.1842 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CK0AA UT WOS:000355864700002 ER PT J AU Knierim, KJ Pollock, ED Hays, PD Khojasteh, J AF Knierim, Katherine J. Pollock, Erik D. Hays, Phillip D. Khojasteh, Jam TI USING STABLE ISOTOPES OF CARBON TO INVESTIGATE THE SEASONAL VARIATION OF CARBON TRANSFER IN A NORTHWESTERN ARKANSAS CAVE SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Article ID PALEOCLIMATE RECORDS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOIL CO2; KARST; AQUIFER; WATER; TRACERS; VARIABILITY; IRELAND; RELEASE AB Stable-isotope analyses are valuable in karst settings, where characterizing biogeochemical cycling of carbon along groundwater flow paths is critical for understanding and protecting sensitive cave and karst water resources. This study quantified the seasonal changes in concentration and isotopic composition (delta C-13) of aqueous and gaseous carbon species-dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2)-to characterize sources and transfer of these species along a karst flow path, with emphasis on a cave environment. Gas and water samples were collected from the soil and a cave in northwestern Arkansas approximately once a month for one year to characterize carbon cycling along a conceptual groundwater flow path. In the soil, as the DIC concentration increased, the isotopic composition of the DIC became relatively lighter, indicating an organic carbon source for a component of the DIC and corroborating soil DIC as a proxy for soil respiration. In the cave, a positive correlation between DIC and surface temperature was due to increased soil respiration as the organic carbon signal from the soil was transferred to the cave environment via the aqueous phase. CO2 concentration was lowest in the cave during colder months and increased exponentially with increasing surface temperature, presumably due to higher rates of soil respiration during warmer periods and changing ventilation patterns between the surface and cave atmosphere. Isotopic disequilibrium between CO2 and DIC in the cave was greatest when CO2 concentration was changing during November/December and March/April, presumably due to the rapid addition or removal of gaseous CO2. The isotopic disequilibrium between DIC and CO2 provided evidence that cave CO2 was a mixture of carbon from several sources, which was mostly constrained by mixture between atmospheric CO2 and soil CO2. The concentration and isotopic composition of gaseous and aqueous carbon species were controlled by month-to-month variations in temperature and precipitation and provided insight into the sources of carbon in the cave. Stable carbon isotope ratios provided an effective tool to explore carbon transfer from the soil zone and into the cave, identify carbon sources in the cave, and investigate how seasonality affected the transfer of carbon in a shallow karst system. C1 [Knierim, Katherine J.; Hays, Phillip D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Pollock, Erik D.] Univ Arkansas, Stable Isotope Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hays, Phillip D.] US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Khojasteh, Jam] Univ Arkansas, Educ Stat & Res Methods Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Knierim, KJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, 216 Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. OI pollock, erik/0000-0002-2834-4935; Hays, Phillip/0000-0001-5491-9272; Knierim, Katherine/0000-0002-5361-4132 FU Arkansas Water Resources Center through the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Arkansas Water Resources Center through the U.S. Geological Survey 104b Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor greatly improved this manuscript. Special thanks to the Carroll family for use of their property. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 EI 2331-3714 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD APR PY 2015 VL 77 IS 1 BP 12 EP 27 DI 10.4311/2011ES0264 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CJ8TX UT WOS:000355777500002 ER PT J AU Mercer, CN Hofstra, AH Todorov, TI Roberge, J Burgisser, A Adams, DT Cosca, M AF Mercer, Celestine N. Hofstra, Albert H. Todorov, Todor I. Roberge, Julie Burgisser, Alain Adams, David T. Cosca, Michael TI Pre-Eruptive Conditions of the Hideaway Park Topaz Rhyolite: Insights into Metal Source and Evolution of Magma Parental to the Henderson Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rhyolite; crystallization; P-T conditions; melt inclusions; metals; degassing; Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit; LA-ICP-MS ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; SILICATE MELT INCLUSIONS; TAYLOR CREEK RHYOLITE; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; BISHOP TUFF; NEW-MEXICO; NEW-ZEALAND; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS AB The Hideaway Park tuff is the only preserved extrusive volcanic unit related to the Red Mountain intrusive complex, which produced the world-class Henderson porphyry Mo deposit. Located within the Colorado Mineral Belt, USA, Henderson is the second largest Climax-type Mo deposit in the world, and is therefore an excellent location to investigate magmatic processes leading to Climax-type Mo mineralization. We combine an extensive dataset of major element, volatile, and trace element abundances in quartz-hosted melt inclusions and pumice matrix glass with major element geochemistry from phenocrysts to reconstruct the pre-eruptive conditions and the source and evolution of metals within the magma. Melt inclusions are slightly peraluminous topaz rhyolitic in composition and are volatile-charged (<= 6 wt % H2O, <= 600 ppm CO2, similar to 0.3-1.0 wt % F, similar to 2300-3500 ppm Cl) and metal-rich (similar to 7-24 ppm Mo, similar to 4-14 ppm W, similar to 21-52 ppm Pb, similar to 28-2700 ppm Zn, <0.1-29 ppm Cu, similar to 0.3-1.8 ppm Bi, similar to 40-760 ppb Ag, similar to 690-1400 ppm Mn). Melt inclusion and pumice matrix glass chemistry reveal that the Hideaway Park magma evolved by large degrees of fractional crystallization (<= 60-70%) during quartz crystallization and melt inclusion entrapment at pressures of <= 300 MPa (<= 8km depth), with little to no crystallization upon shallow ascent and eruption. Filter pressing, crystal settling, magma recharge and mixing of less evolved rhyolite melt, and volatile exsolution were important processes during magma evolution; the low estimated viscosities (similar to 10(5)-10(10) Pa s) of these H2O- and F-rich melts probably enhanced these processes. A noteworthy discrepancy between the metal contents in the pumice matrix glass and in the melt inclusions suggests that after quartz crystallization ceased upon shallow magma ascent and eruption, the Hideaway Park magma exsolved an aqueous fluid into which Mo, Bi, Ag, Zn, Mn, Cs, and Y strongly partitioned. Given that the Henderson deposit contains anomalous abundances of not only Mo, but also W, Pb, Zn, Cu, Bi, Ag, and Mn, we suggest that these metals were sourced from similar fluids exsolved from unerupted portions of the same magmatic system. Trace element ratios imply that Mo was sourced deep, from either the lower crust or metasomatized mantle. The origin of sulfur remains unresolved; however, given the extremely low S solubility of rhyolite melts in the shallow crust we favor the possibility that another source of S might supplement or account for that present in the ore deposit, probably the comagmatic, mantle-derived lamprophyres that occur in minor quantities with the voluminous topaz rhyolites in the area. To account for the 437 Mt of MoS2 (similar to 1.0 x 10(6) t Mo) present in the Henderson ore deposit, a volume of similar to 45 km(3) of Hideaway Park rhyolite magma would have been necessary to supply the Mo (a cylindrical pluton measuring 3.1 km x 6.0 km) along with sparging of similar to 6.8 x 10(5) t of S from similar to 0.05 km(3) of lamprophyre magma. Based on a weighted mean Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 27.58 +/- 0.24 Ma, similar melt geochemistry, and characteristically F-rich biotite phenocrysts, we conclude that the Hideaway Park tuff was cogenetic with the intrusions at Red Mountain that formed the Henderson deposit. C1 [Mercer, Celestine N.; Hofstra, Albert H.; Cosca, Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver Inclus Anal Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Todorov, Todor I.] US FDA, Ctr Food & Drug & Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Roberge, Julie] Inst Politecn Nacl, ESIA Ticoman, Mexico City 07340, DF, Mexico. [Burgisser, Alain] Univ Savoie, ISTerre, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Adams, David T.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Mercer, CN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Inclus Anal Lab, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cmercer@usgs.gov OI Adams, David/0000-0003-2679-2344 NR 157 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 56 IS 4 BP 645 EP 679 DI 10.1093/petrology/egv010 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CJ1GY UT WOS:000355233200001 ER PT J AU Humphreys, MCS Brooker, RA Fraser, DG Burgisser, A Mangan, MT McCammon, C AF Humphreys, M. C. S. Brooker, R. A. Fraser, D. G. Burgisser, A. Mangan, M. T. McCammon, C. TI Coupled Interactions between Volatile Activity and Fe Oxidation State during Arc Crustal Processes SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE degassing; hydration; oxidation state; oxygen fugacity; rhyolite; H2O activity ID NATURAL SILICATE LIQUIDS; SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; OXYGEN FUGACITY; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; REDOX STATES; DISSOLUTION MECHANISMS; BASALTIC MAGMAS; ENIGMATIC DISCREPANCIES; FO(2) DETERMINATIONS; RHYOLITIC GLASSES AB Arc magmas erupted at the Earth's surface are commonly more oxidized than those produced at mid-ocean ridges. Possible explanations for this high oxidation state are that the transfer of fluids during the subduction process results in direct oxidation of the sub-arc mantle wedge, or that oxidation is caused by the effect of later crustal processes, including protracted fractionation and degassing of volatile-rich magmas. This study sets out to investigate the effect of disequilibrium crustal processes that may involve coupled changes in H2O content and Fe oxidation state, by examining the degassing and hydration of sulphur-free rhyolites. We show that experimentally hydrated melts record strong increases in Fe3+/Sigma Fe with increasing H2O concentration as a result of changes in water activity. This is relevant for the passage of H2O-undersaturated melts from the deep crust towards shallow crustal storage regions, and raises the possibility that vertical variations in fO(2) might develop within arc crust. Conversely, degassing experiments produce an increase in Fe3+/Sigma Fe with decreasing H2O concentration. In this case the oxidation is explained by loss of H-2 as well as H2O into bubbles during decompression, consistent with thermodynamic modelling, and is relevant for magmas undergoing shallow degassing en route to the surface. We discuss these results in the context of the possible controls on fO(2) during the generation, storage and ascent of magmas in arc settings, in particular considering the timescales of equilibration relative to observation as this affects the quality of the petrological record of magmatic fO(2). C1 [Humphreys, M. C. S.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Humphreys, M. C. S.; Fraser, D. G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Brooker, R. A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Burgisser, A.] Univ Savoie, ISTerre, CNRS, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Burgisser, A.] Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, ISTerre, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Mangan, M. T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McCammon, C.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Humphreys, MCS (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM madeleine.humphreys@durham.ac.uk RI Humphreys, Madeleine/C-3999-2015 OI Humphreys, Madeleine/0000-0001-9343-1237 FU Royal Society University Research Fellowship; ERC grant 'Critmag'; DIAMOND Light Source [SP6681, SP8203]; NERC ion microprobe facility [IMF452] FX M.C.S.H. is supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship, and R.A.B. is funded by ERC grant 'Critmag'. We acknowledge facilities grants from DIAMOND Light Source (SP6681 and SP8203) and the NERC ion microprobe facility (IMF452). NR 100 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 56 IS 4 BP 795 EP 814 DI 10.1093/petrology/egv017 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CJ1GY UT WOS:000355233200006 ER PT J AU Hayden, MT Reeves, MK Holyoak, M Perdue, M King, AL Tobin, SC AF Hayden, Mairin T. Reeves, Mari K. Holyoak, Marcel Perdue, Margaret King, Amanda L. Tobin, S. Carl TI Thrice as easy to catch! Copper and temperature modulate predator-prey interactions in larval dragonflies and anurans SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; amphibian; copper; frog; Lithobates sylvaticus; multiple stressor; predator; temperature; toxicity ID KENAI PENINSULA LOWLANDS; NORTH-AMERICAN TADPOLES; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHEMICAL CUES; WATER; RISK; RESPONSES AB Amphibians are important indicators of environmental health, and their populations are in worldwide decline. The causes of these declines are diverse and not well understood. In some cases multiple stressors and complex causal mechanisms have been identified. Experimental studies have shown that contaminants can cause the failure of Lithobates sylvaticus tadpoles to initiate predator avoidance behaviors, potentially leading to increased tadpole capture and injury. Copper is a contaminant known to negatively affect amphibians and other aquatic organisms at sub-lethal levels. Mining waste, certain pesticides, vehicle exhaust and brake pad dust are sources of copper, which can enter hydrologic systems through runoff. Additionally, temperature is known to influence predator-prey interactions of ectotherms and is predicted to rise in some areas as climate changes. We examined how copper and temperature affected behavior and predation dynamics between an odonate predator (Aeshna sitchensis) and larval L. sylvaticus prey. We found that sublethal concentrations of copper near the analytical detection limits for this element (1.85 mu g Cu/L) significantly reduced tadpole and odonate activity. Above-average temperatures (22 degrees C) significantly increased tadpole activity and decreased dragonfly activity, compared with ambient-temperature treatments (17 degrees C). These behavioral responses culminated in an approximately three-fold increase in the number of dragonfly attacks on tadpoles in the elevated-temperature, copper-exposed treatments. We suggest that increased concentrations of dissolved copper and elevated water temperatures are harmful to amphibian prey through maladaptive behavioral responses in the presence of predators. C1 [Hayden, Mairin T.; King, Amanda L.; Tobin, S. Carl] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Reeves, Mari K.; Perdue, Margaret] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fisheries & Ecol Serv Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hayden, MT (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM hayden.tess@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Environmental Quality [7N26, 201070001.3] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Environmental Quality (FFS#7N26 and DEC ID#201070001.3). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank Dr. Roman Dial for discussions that improved this study and feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2015 VL 6 IS 4 AR 56 DI 10.1890/ES14-00461.1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI5EV UT WOS:000354777300011 ER PT J AU Heller, NE Kreitler, J Ackerly, DD Weiss, SB Recinos, A Branciforte, R Flint, LE Flint, AL Micheli, E AF Heller, Nicole E. Kreitler, Jason Ackerly, David D. Weiss, Stuart B. Recinos, Amanda Branciforte, Ryan Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. Micheli, Elisabeth TI Targeting climate diversity in conservation planning to build resilience to climate change SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE abiotic diversity; biodiversity; climate adaptation; climate change; impact; MARXAN; protected areas; resilience; San Francisco Bay Area; systematic conservation planning; terrestrial ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; CALIFORNIA; ADAPTATION; MANAGEMENT; MICROREFUGIA; RESPONSES; SELECTION; RESERVES AB Climate change is raising challenging concerns for systematic conservation planning. Are methods based on the current spatial patterns of biodiversity effective given long-term climate change? Some conservation scientists argue that planning should focus on protecting the abiotic diversity in the landscape, which drives patterns of biological diversity, rather than focusing on the distribution of focal species, which shift in response to climate change. Climate is one important abiotic driver of biodiversity patterns, as different climates host different biological communities and genetic pools. We propose conservation networks that capture the full range of climatic diversity in a region will improve the resilience of biotic communities to climate change compared to networks that do not. In this study we used historical and future hydro-climate projections from the high resolution Basin Characterization Model to explore the utility of directly targeting climatic diversity in planning. Using the spatial planning tool, Marxan, we designed conservation networks to capture the diversity of climate types, at the regional and sub-regional scale, and compared them to networks we designed to capture the diversity of vegetation types. By focusing on the Conservation Lands Network (CLN) of the San Francisco Bay Area as a real-world case study, we compared the potential resilience of networks by examining two factors: the range of climate space captured, and climatic stability to 18 future climates, reflecting different emission scenarios and global climate models. We found that the climate-based network planned at the sub-regional scale captured a greater range of climate space and showed higher climatic stability than the vegetation and regional based-networks. At the same time, differences among network scenarios are small relative to the variance in climate stability across global climate models. Across different projected futures, topographically heterogeneous areas consistently show greater climate stability than homogenous areas. The analysis suggests that utilizing high-resolution climate and hydrological data in conservation planning improves the likely resilience of biodiversity to climate change. We used these analyses to suggest new conservation priorities for the San Francisco Bay Area. C1 [Heller, Nicole E.; Micheli, Elisabeth] Pepperwood Preserve, Dwight Ctr Conservat Sci, Santa Rosa, CA 95472 USA. [Heller, Nicole E.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kreitler, Jason] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Ackerly, David D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ackerly, David D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Jepson Herbarium, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weiss, Stuart B.] Creekside Ctr Earth Observat, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Recinos, Amanda] GreenInfo Network, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Branciforte, Ryan] Bay Area Open Space Council, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Heller, NE (reprint author), Pepperwood Preserve, Dwight Ctr Conservat Sci, Santa Rosa, CA 95472 USA. EM heller.nicole@gmail.com FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [2861]; California Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank Kirk Klausmeyer, Sam Veloz, Claudia Tebaldi, Healy Hamilton, and Adina Merenlender and other members of the Bay Area Terrestrial Biodiversity and Climate Change Collaborative (TBC3.org) for many helpful discussions in devising this analysis. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful edits and feedback. We thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for financial support for this work (grant #2861), and the California Landscape Conservation Cooperative for funding awarded to Jason Kreitler. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2015 VL 6 IS 4 AR 65 DI 10.1890/ES14-00313.1 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI5EV UT WOS:000354777300020 ER PT J AU Wright, HM Vazquez, JA Champion, DE Calvert, AT Mangan, MT Stelten, M Cooper, KM Herzig, C Schriener, A AF Wright, Heather M. Vazquez, Jorge A. Champion, Duane E. Calvert, Andrew T. Mangan, Margaret T. Stelten, Mark Cooper, Kari M. Herzig, Charles Schriener, Alexander, Jr. TI Episodic Holocene eruption of the Salton Buttes rhyolites, California, from paleomagnetic, U-Th, and Ar/Ar dating SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE obsidian dome; Holocene eruptions; rhyolite; geochronology; rift volcanism ID SEA GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; ZIRCON; CRYSTALLIZATION; GROWTH; TROUGH; MAGMA; DISSOLUTION; DIFFUSION; HISTORY AB In the Salton Trough, CA, five rhyolite domes form the Salton Buttes: Mullet Island, Obsidian Butte, Rock Hill, North and South Red Hill, from oldest to youngest. Results presented here include Ar-40/Ar-39 anorthoclase ages, U-238-Th-230 zircon crystallization ages, and comparison of remanent paleomagnetic directions with the secular variation curve, which indicate that all domes are Holocene. U-238-Th-230 zircon crystallization ages are more precise than but within uncertainty of Ar-40/Ar-39 anorthoclase ages, suggesting that zircon crystallization proceeded until shortly before eruption in all cases except one. Remanent paleomagnetic directions require three eruption periods: (1) Mullet Island, (2) Obsidian Butte, and (3) Rock Hill, North Red Hill, and South Red Hill. Borehole cuttings logs document up to two shallow tephra layers. North and South Red Hills likely erupted within 100 years of each other, with a combined U-238-Th-230 zircon isochron age of: 2.830.60 ka (2 sigma); paleomagnetic evidence suggests this age predates eruption by hundreds of years (1800 cal BP). Rock Hill erupted closely in time to these eruptions. The Obsidian Butte U-238-Th-230 isochron age (2.860.96 ka) is nearly identical to the combined Red Hill age, but its Virtual Geomagnetic Pole position suggests a slightly older age. The age of aphyric Mullet Island dome is the least well constrained: zircon crystals are resorbed and the paleomagnetic direction is most distinct; possible Mullet Island ages include ca. 2300, 5900, 6900, and 7700 cal BP. Our results constrain the duration of Salton Buttes volcanism to between ca. 5900 and 500 years. C1 [Wright, Heather M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Vazquez, Jorge A.; Champion, Duane E.; Calvert, Andrew T.; Mangan, Margaret T.; Stelten, Mark] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stelten, Mark; Cooper, Kari M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Herzig, Charles] El Camino Community Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Torrance, CA USA. [Schriener, Alexander, Jr.] CalEnergy Operating Corp, Calipatria, CA USA. RP Wright, HM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM hwright@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR-1144945] FX Supplementary data for this paper are available in supporting information Figures S1-S3 and Tables S1-S3. Kari Cooper would like to acknowledge funding from NSF award EAR-1144945 for U-Th analyses of glasses. We would like to acknowledge CalEnergy for access to drillcore samples from Obsidian Butte and for discussions about the geology of the volcanic buttes. We thank Marsha Lidzbarski for assistance with sample preparation, and Brad Ito for technical assistance in the SHRIMP laboratory. We thank Axel Schmitt and Erik Klemetti for helpful reviews. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1198 EP 1210 DI 10.1002/2015GC005714 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI4TO UT WOS:000354746900013 ER PT J AU Knorr, PO Robbins, LL Harries, PJ Hallock, P Wynn, J AF Knorr, Paul O. Robbins, Lisa L. Harries, Peter J. Hallock, Pamela Wynn, Jonathan TI RESPONSE OF THE MILIOLID ARCHAIAS ANGULATUS TO SIMULATED OCEAN ACIDIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FORAMINIFERAL MG/CA-PALEOTHERMOMETRY; SEAWATER CARBONATE CONCENTRATION; BEARING BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; LARGER FORAMINIFERA; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; INORGANIC CARBON; GLOBAL OCEAN; CORAL-REEF; MARGINOPORA VERTEBRALIS; REDUCED CALCIFICATION AB A common, but not universal, effect of ocean acidification on benthic foraminifera is a reduction in the growth rate. The miliolid Archaias angulatus is a high-Mg (>4 mole% MgCO3), symbiont-bearing, soritid benthic foraminifer that contributes to Caribbean reef carbonate sediments. A laboratory culture study assessed the effects of reduced pH on the growth of A. angulatus. We observed a statistically significant 50% reduction in the growth rate (p < 0.01), calculated from changes in maximum diameter, from 160 mu m/28 days in the pH 8.0/p CO2air 480 ppm control group to 80 mu m/28 days at a treatment level of pH 7.6/p CO2air 1328 ppm. Additionally, pseudopore area, delta O-18 values, and Mg/Ca ratio all increased, albeit slightly in the latter two variables. The reduction in growth rate indicates that under a high-CO2 setting, future A. angulatus populations will consist of smaller adults. A model using the results of this study estimates that at pH 7.6 A. angulatus carbonate production in the South Florida reef tract and Florida Bay decreases by 85%, from 0.27 Mt/yr to 0.04 Mt/yr, over an area of 9,000 km(2). C1 [Knorr, Paul O.; Robbins, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Harries, Peter J.; Wynn, Jonathan] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Hallock, Pamela] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Knorr, PO (reprint author), Bur Ocean Energy Management, Dept Interior, 381 Elden St,HM3120, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. EM paul.knorr@boem.gov FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Geological Society of America; USF Department of Geology FX This study was funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the Geological Society of America, and the USF Department of Geology. Tony Greco, USF Department of Marine Science-Electron Microscopy Lab, provided pertinent advice regarding the use of the SEM. Jennifer Flannery, USGS, ran the Mg/Ca analyses. Dr. Zachary Atlas, Manager of the USF Center for Geochemical Analysis, and Jessica N. Wilson, USF Geology Stable Isotope Lab IRMS-MS operator, arranged access to and assistance in running the stable isotope analyses. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript was improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers. Co-author Dr. Pamela Hallock, Editor of the Journal of Foraminiferal Research, was not involved in editing this paper. NR 122 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD APR PY 2015 VL 45 IS 2 BP 109 EP 127 PG 19 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA CI5WE UT WOS:000354829700001 ER PT J AU Milker, Y Horton, BP Vane, CH Engelhart, SE Nelson, AR Witter, RC Khan, NS Bridgeland, WT AF Milker, Yvonne Horton, Benjamin P. Vane, Christopher H. Engelhart, Simon E. Nelson, Alan R. Witter, Robert C. Khan, Nicole S. Bridgeland, William T. TI ANNUAL AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF INTERTIDAL FORAMINIFERA AND STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY, BANDON MARSH, OREGON, USA SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL; FRASER-RIVER DELTA; SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; TIDAL MARSHES; ORGANIC-MATTER; COWPEN MARSH; TEES ESTUARY; C/N RATIOS; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS AB We investigated the influence of inter-annual and seasonal differences on the distribution of live and dead foraminifera, and the inter-annual variability of stable carbon isotopes (PC), total organic carbon (TOC) values and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios in bulk sediments from intertidal environments of Bandon Marsh (Oregon, USA). Living and dead foraminiferal species from 10 stations were analyzed over two successive years in the summer (dry) and fall (wet) seasons. There were insignificant inter-annual and seasonal variations in the distribution of live and dead species. But there was a noticeable decrease in calcareous assemblages (Haynesina sp.) between live populations and dead assemblages, indicating that most of the calcareous tests were dissolved after burial; the agglutinated assemblages were comparable between constituents. The live populations and dead assemblages were dominated by Miliammina fusca in the tidal flat and low marsh, Jadammina macrescens, Trochammina inflata and M. fusca in the high marsh, and Trochamminita irregularis and Balticammina pseudomacrescens in the highest marsh to upland. Geochemical analyses (VC, TOC and C/N of bulk sedimentary organic matter) show no significant influence of inter-annual variations but a significant correlation of PC values (R = -0.820, p < 0.001), TOC values (R = 0.849, p < 0.001) and C/N ratios (R = 0.885, p < 0.001) to elevation with respect to the tidal frame. Our results suggest that foraminiferal assemblages and delta C-13 and TOC values, as well as C/N ratios, in Bandon Marsh are useful in reconstructing paleo sea-levels on the North American Pacific coast. C1 [Milker, Yvonne] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil, Inst Geol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Horton, Benjamin P.; Khan, Nicole S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Sea Level Res, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.; Khan, Nicole S.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Vane, Christopher H.] British Geol Survey, NERC Isotope Geosci Facil, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Nelson, Alan R.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Bridgeland, William T.] Oregon Coast Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Bandon, OR 97411 USA. RP Milker, Y (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, Inst Geol & Geophys, Talstr 35, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM Yvonne.Milker@uni-leipzig.de RI Vane, Christopher/A-8814-2008; OI Vane, Christopher/0000-0002-8150-3640; Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [MI 1508/2-1]; National Science Foundation [0842728, 1419824, 1419844]; Climate and Landscape Change research programme at the BGS; Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; IGCP [588] FX We thank William Kearney for analyzing the grain size data, Christopher P. Kendrick for geochemical measurements, Laura Brophy for providing the tide gauge data from the Coquille River, Manuel F.G. Weinkauf for guidance and support regarding the ANOSIM and GLM analyses, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for permission to work on Bandon Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, and the U.S. Geological Survey for providing the elevation data from the USGS logger sets. We acknowledge Ian Wilkinson from the British Geological Survey (BGS) for his review and Steve Culver for providing the USGS review. We further thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor of JFR for their helpful comments. This project was supported by funding from the German Science Foundation (DFG) to Y. Milker (Award # MI 1508/2-1), and by funding from the National Science Foundation to B. P. Horton (Award # 0842728 and 1419824) and to S. E. Engelhart (Award # 1419844). Chris Vane publishes with permission of the Executive Director British Geological Survey and was supported by the Climate and Landscape Change research programme at the BGS. Research by Alan Nelson and Rob Witter was supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper is a contribution to IGCP project 588 'Preparing for coastal change' and PALSEA 2. NR 106 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD APR PY 2015 VL 45 IS 2 BP 146 EP 166 PG 21 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA CI5WE UT WOS:000354829700003 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI Rafinesque's names for western American mammals, including the earliest scientific name for the coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1822), based on the apocryphal journal of Charles Le Raye SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; Antilope cervicapra; cabree; Cynomys ludovicianus; Gulo gulo; Jervis Cutler; Lewis and Clark Expedition; nomen dubium; Taxidea taxus; Vulpes velox ID ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; MULE DEER AB In 1817, the naturalist Constantine S. Rafinesque named nine new species of mammals from the American West, indicating the recently published journal of Charles Le Raye as the primary source for his descriptions. Le Raye was purported to be a French Canadian fur trader who, as a captive of the Sioux, had traveled across broad portions of the Missouri and Yellowstone river drainages a few years before the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806) traversed much of the same region. Le Raye's journal was relied upon by generations of scholars as a valuable source documenting the native peoples and natural history of the Upper Missouri River in the era just prior to European settlement. Subsequent research, however, has shown that Le Raye never existed, and his purported journal is fraudulent. Despite this, Rafinesque's creation of the names followed conventional and accepted practice at the time, and they are potentially available. Fortunately, much of the Le Raye journal was based on verifiable sources, such as Patrick Gass's published account of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Identification of the original source materials makes it possible to establish the correct application of Rafinesque's names and to determine their current status. This process reveals that the earliest scientific name for the coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1822) was Canis chlorops Rafinesque, 1817; this name is now a nomen oblitum, however, and is no longer available. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2015 VL 128 IS 1 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.2988/0006-324X-128.1.63 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CI7VG UT WOS:000354972300006 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. TI Downscaling 250-m MODIS Growing Season NDVI Based on Multiple-Date Landsat Images and Data Mining Approaches SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PLATTE RIVER-BASIN; ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANOMALIES; ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; LEAF-AREA INDEX; MULTITEMPORAL MODIS; UNITED-STATES; COVER; VEGETATION; REFLECTANCE; CLASSIFICATION AB The satellite-derived growing season time-integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GSN) has been used as a proxy for vegetation biomass productivity. The 250-m GSN data estimated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors have been used for terrestrial ecosystem modeling and monitoring. High temporal resolution with a wide range of wavelengths make the MODIS land surface products robust and reliable. The long-term 30-m Landsat data provide spatial detailed information for characterizing human-scale processes and have been used for land cover and land change studies. The main goal of this study is to combine 250-m MODIS GSN and 30-m Landsat observations to generate a quality-improved high spatial resolution (30-m) GSN database. A rule-based piecewise regression GSN model based on MODIS and Landsat data was developed. Results show a strong correlation between predicted GSN and actual GSN (r = 0.97, average error = 0.026). The most important Landsat variables in the GSN model are Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVIs) in May and August. The derived MODIS-Landsat-based 30-m GSN map provides biophysical information for moderate-scale ecological features. This multiple sensor study retains the detailed seasonal dynamic information captured by MODIS and leverages the high-resolution information from Landsat, which will be useful for regional ecosystem studies. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] ASRC InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), ASRC InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov; wylie@usgs.gov OI Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS [G13PC00028]; USGS Land Change Science Program FX This work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028 and funded by the USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels. The authors thank Thomas R. Loveland, Thomas Adamson, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 3489 EP 3506 DI 10.3390/rs70403489 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CI5IQ UT WOS:000354789300004 ER PT J AU Berryman, EM Barnard, HR Adams, HR Burns, MA Gallo, E Brooks, PD AF Berryman, E. M. Barnard, H. R. Adams, H. R. Burns, M. A. Gallo, E. Brooks, P. D. TI Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon; climate; carbon dioxide ID MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; PRECIPITATION PULSES; WATER AVAILABILITY; PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; FRONT RANGE; NEW-MEXICO; VEGETATION AB Forest soil respiration is a major carbon (C) flux that is characterized by significant variability in space and time. We quantified growing season soil respiration during both a drought year and a nondrought year across a complex landscape to identify how landscape and climate interact to control soil respiration. We asked the following questions: (1) How does soil respiration vary across the catchments due to terrain-induced variability in moisture availability and temperature? (2) Does the relative importance of moisture versus temperature limitation of respiration vary across space and time? And (3) what terrain elements are important for dictating the pattern of soil respiration and its controls? Moisture superseded temperature in explaining watershed respiration patterns, with wetter yet cooler areas higher up and on north facing slopes yielding greater soil respiration than lower and south facing areas. Wetter subalpine forests had reduced moisture limitation in favor of greater seasonal temperature limitation, and the reverse was true for low-elevation semiarid forests. Coincident climate poorly predicted soil respiration in the montane transition zone; however, antecedent precipitation from the prior 10days provided additional explanatory power. A seasonal trend in respiration remained after accounting for microclimate effects, suggesting that local climate alone may not adequately predict seasonal variability in soil respiration in montane forests. Soil respiration climate controls were more strongly related to topography during the drought year highlighting the importance of landscape complexity in ecosystem response to drought. C1 [Berryman, E. M.; Barnard, H. R.; Adams, H. R.; Burns, M. A.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berryman, E. M.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gallo, E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brooks, P. D.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Berryman, EM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eberryman@usgs.gov OI BERRYMAN, ERIN/0000-0001-8699-2474 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program (DOE) [DE-SC0006968]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0724960] FX The authors would like to thank Whitman Wilson, Ben Brayden, and Traeger Meyer for assistance with field sampling, and Dave Gochis and Sean Burns for help in acquiring climate data. We are especially grateful to Michael G. Ryan for providing the use of the respiration sampling system and a preliminary manuscript review and to Brianna Miles for assistance with efflux calculations. We also thank Corey Lawrence and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. All data can be found on the Boulder Creek CZO data repository: http://criticalzone.org/boulder/data/dataset/3884/ or obtained by email request to authors Berryman (eberryman@usgs.gov) or Barnard (Holly.Barnard@colorado.edu). Support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program (DOE award: DE-SC0006968). The Boulder Creek CZO is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF EAR-0724960). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE or NSF. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 707 EP 723 DI 10.1002/2014JG002802 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CI2EQ UT WOS:000354558200008 ER PT J AU Chen, KH Furumura, T Rubinstein, J AF Chen, Kate Huihsuan Furumura, Takashi Rubinstein, Justin TI Near-surface versus fault zone damage following the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake: Observation and simulation of repeating earthquakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE repeating earthquakes; near-surface damage; fault zone damage; healing process; postseismic change; Chi-Chi earthquake ID NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; KARADERE-DUZCE BRANCH; STRONG GROUND MOTION; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; RECURRENCE INTERVAL; RUPTURE PROCESS; TRAPPED WAVES; LANDERS FAULT; TAIWAN; CALIFORNIA AB We observe crustal damage and its subsequent recovery caused by the 1999M7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan. Analysis of repeating earthquakes in Hualien region, similar to 70km east of the Chi-Chi earthquake, shows a remarkable change in wave propagation beginning in the year 2000, revealing damage within the fault zone and distributed across the near surface. We use moving window cross correlation to identify a dramatic decrease in the waveform similarity and delays in the S wave coda. The maximum delay is up to 59ms, corresponding to a 7.6% velocity decrease averaged over the wave propagation path. The waveform changes on either side of the fault are distinct. They occur in different parts of the waveforms, affect different frequencies, and the size of the velocity reductions is different. Using a finite difference method, we simulate the effect of postseismic changes in the wavefield by introducing S wave velocity anomaly in the fault zone and near the surface. The models that best fit the observations point to pervasive damage in the near surface and deep, along-fault damage at the time of the Chi-Chi earthquake. The footwall stations show the combined effect of near-surface and the fault zone damage, where the velocity reduction (2-7%) is twofold to threefold greater than the fault zone damage observed in the hanging wall stations. The physical models obtained here allow us to monitor the temporal evolution and recovering process of the Chi-Chi fault zone damage. C1 [Chen, Kate Huihsuan] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Furumura, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Rubinstein, Justin] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chen, KH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. EM katepili@gmail.com OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 FU Taiwan MOST [MOST 103-2116-M-003 -001 -MY5] FX We thank Joan Gomberg, Elizabeth Cochran, Shu-Huei Hung, Wen-Tzong Liang, and Bill Ellsworthfor useful comments. We also thank the reviewers and the Editor Robert Nowack for their suggestions that improved this manuscript. Assistance in data collection and processing by Shu-Li Chen and Cheng-En Lin is greatly appreciated. This work was supported by Taiwan MOST grant MOST 103-2116-M-003 -001 -MY5. Seismic data are archived at the Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network (CWBSN) in Taiwan and Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology (BATS) operated by Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2426 EP 2445 DI 10.1002/2014JB011719 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI2GI UT WOS:000354563200022 ER PT J AU Lin, GQ Shearer, PM Amelung, F Okubo, PG AF Lin, Guoqing Shearer, Peter M. Amelung, Falk Okubo, Paul G. TI Seismic tomography of compressional wave attenuation structure for Klauea Volcano, Hawai"i SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Kilauea; attenuation; seismic tomography ID LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; 3-DIMENSIONAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE; EAST RIFT-ZONE; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; P-WAVE; MAUNA-LOA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SALTON TROUGH; CASCADE RANGE AB We present a frequency-independent three-dimensional (3-D) compressional wave attenuation model (indicated by the reciprocal of quality factor Q(p)) for Klauea Volcano in Hawaii. We apply the simul2000 tomographic algorithm to the attenuation operator t(*) values for the inversion of Q(p) perturbations through a recent 3-D seismic velocity model and earthquake location catalog. The t(*) values are measured from amplitude spectra of 26708 P wave arrivals of 1036 events recorded by 61 seismic stations at the Hawaiian Volcanology Observatory. The 3-D Q(p) model has a uniform horizontal grid spacing of 3km, and the vertical node intervals range between 2 and 10km down to 35km depth. In general, the resolved Q(p) values increase with depth, and there is a correlation between seismic activity and low-Q(p) values. The area beneath the summit caldera is dominated by low-Q(p) anomalies throughout the entire resolved depth range. The Southwest Rift Zone and the East Rift Zone exhibit very high Q(p) values at about 9km depth, whereas the shallow depths are characterized with low-Q(p) anomalies comparable with those in the summit area. The seismic zones and fault systems generally display relatively high Q(p) values relative to the summit. The newly developed Q(p) model provides an important complement to the existing velocity models for exploring the magmatic system and evaluating and interpreting intrinsic physical properties of the rocks in the study area. C1 [Lin, Guoqing; Amelung, Falk] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Geosci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shearer, Peter M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Okubo, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. RP Lin, GQ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Geosci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM glin@rsmas.miami.edu RI Shearer, Peter/K-5247-2012 OI Shearer, Peter/0000-0002-2992-7630 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1246935] FX We thank the HVO staff for maintaining the seismic data and Clifford H. Thurber for his simul2000 program. We are grateful to Matthew M. Haney and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive and detailed comments. Figures were made using the public domain GMT software [Wessel and Smith, 1991] and MATLAB. Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-1246935. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2510 EP 2524 DI 10.1002/2014JB011594 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI2GI UT WOS:000354563200026 ER PT J AU Chouet, B Dawson, P AF Chouet, Bernard Dawson, Phillip TI Seismic source dynamics of gas-piston activity at Klauea Volcano, Hawai"i SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE seismic source mechanism; waveform inversion; gas-pistoning activity; magmatic system; foam-wall friction ID BENEATH KILAUEA VOLCANO; LONG-PERIOD SEISMICITY; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; FOAM DRAINAGE; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; ARRAY ANALYSES; SINGLE FORCE; TREMOR; SYSTEM; OSCILLATIONS AB Since 2008, eruptive activity at the summit of Klauea Volcano, Hawaii has been confined to the new Overlook pit crater within the Halemaumau Crater. Among the broad range of magmatic processes observed in the new pit are recurring episodes of gas pistoning. The gas-piston activity is accompanied by seismic signals that are recorded by a broadband network deployed in the summit caldera. We use raw data recorded with this network to model the source mechanism of representative gas-piston events in a sequence that occurred on 20-25August 2011 during a gentle inflation of the Klauea summit. To determine the source centroid location and source mechanism, we minimize the residual error between data and synthetics calculated by the finite difference method for a point source embedded in a homogeneous medium that takes topography into account. We apply a new waveform inversion method that accounts for the contributions from both translation and tilt in horizontal seismograms through the use of Green's functions representing the seismometer response to translation and tilt ground motions. This method enables a robust description of the source mechanism over the period range 1-10,000s. Most of the seismic wavefield produced by gas-pistoning originates in a source region approximate to 1km below the eastern perimeter of the Halemaumau pit crater. The observed waveforms are well explained by a simple volumetric source with geometry composed of two intersecting cracks featuring an east striking crack (dike) dipping 80 degrees to the north, intersecting a north striking crack (another dike) dipping 65 degrees to the east. Each gas-piston event is marked by a similar rapid inflation lasting a few minutes, trailed by a slower deflation ramp extending up to 15min, attributed to the efficient coupling at the source centroid location of the pressure and momentum changes accompanying the growth and collapse of a layer of foam at the top of the lava column. Assuming a simple lumped parameter representation of the shallow magmatic system, the observed pressure and volume variations can be modeled with the following attributes : foam thickness (10-50m), foam cell diameter (0.04-0.10m), and gas-injection velocity (0.01-0.06ms(-1)). Gas-piston activity occurs in a narrow pipe with diameter of 6m connecting the Halemaumau pit crater to the subjacent dike system. The height of the magma column is estimated at approximate to 104m at the start of the sequence based on the period of very long period (VLP) oscillations accompanying the onset of the gas-piston signal. Based on the change in the period of VLP oscillations and tilt evidence, the height of the magma column is inferred to have risen by up to approximate to 23m by the end of the 5 day long sequence. A penny-shaped crack model of the dike geometry yields effective diameters of approximate to 1.2-2.9km for the east dike and 0.7km for the north dike. The shallower north dike segment is embedded in a relatively weak medium, compatible with expected mechanical properties in the hydrothermal environment of this dike. C1 [Chouet, Bernard; Dawson, Phillip] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chouet, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM chouet@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2525 EP 2560 DI 10.1002/2014JB011789 PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI2GI UT WOS:000354563200027 ER PT J AU McGuire, JJ Lohman, RB Catchings, RD Rymer, MJ Goldman, MR AF McGuire, Jeffrey J. Lohman, Rowena B. Catchings, Rufus D. Rymer, Michael J. Goldman, Mark R. TI Relationships among seismic velocity, metamorphism, and seismic and aseismic fault slip in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE geothermal field; earthquakes; fault creep ID BRAWLEY EARTHQUAKE SWARM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; FRICTION LAWS; SAN-ANDREAS; TOMOGRAPHY; CREEP AB The Salton Sea Geothermal Field is one of the most geothermally and seismically active areas in California and presents an opportunity to study the effect of high-temperature metamorphism on the properties of seismogenic faults. The area includes numerous active tectonic faults that have recently been imaged with active source seismic reflection and refraction. We utilize the active source surveys, along with the abundant microseismicity data from a dense borehole seismic network, to image the 3-D variations in seismic velocity in the upper 5km of the crust. There are strong velocity variations, up to similar to 30%, that correlate spatially with the distribution of shallow heat flow patterns. The combination of hydrothermal circulation and high-temperature contact metamorphism has significantly altered the shallow sandstone sedimentary layers within the geothermal field to denser, more feldspathic, rock with higher P wave velocity, as is seen in the numerous exploration wells within the field. This alteration appears to have a first-order effect on the frictional stability of shallow faults. In 2005, a large earthquake swarm and deformation event occurred. Analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar data and earthquake relocations indicates that the shallow aseismic fault creep that occurred in 2005 was localized on the Kalin fault system that lies just outside the region of high-temperature metamorphism. In contrast, the earthquake swarm, which includes all of the M>4 earthquakes to have occurred within the Salton Sea Geothermal Field in the last 15years, ruptured the Main Central Fault (MCF) system that is localized in the heart of the geothermal anomaly. The background microseismicity induced by the geothermal operations is also concentrated in the high-temperature regions in the vicinity of operational wells. However, while this microseismicity occurs over a few kilometer scale region, much of it is clustered in earthquake swarms that last from hours to a few days and are localized near the MCF system. C1 [McGuire, Jeffrey J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lohman, Rowena B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Catchings, Rufus D.; Rymer, Michael J.; Goldman, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGuire, JJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, MS24, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jmcguire@whoi.edu RI Lohman, Rowena/C-2324-2013 OI Lohman, Rowena/0000-0001-7240-3165 FU USGS NEHRP [G10AP00101]; NSF [0943906] FX We thank Coyn Criley, Robert Sickler, Claire Pontbriand, Emily Roland, Bill Barnhart, Andy Barbour, Danny Brothers, Joseph Cotton, Gary Fuis, Pnina Miller, and Michael Johnson for their participation and hard work in the active source experiment and PASSCAL for providing seismographs. We thank the staff of the Sonny Bono National Wildlife Refuge for providing accommodations during the active source experiment. This work was funded by USGS NEHRP proposal G10AP00101 and NSF proposal 0943906. We thank Greg Hirth for discussions. Andrea Llenos, Sue Hough, and Michael Diggles provided helpful reviews. This is SCEC contribution 1957. The active source seismograms used in this study were collected as part of the Obsidian Creep PASSCAL project. Data can be obtained from the IRIS Data Management Center at www.iris.edu (last accessed August 2014). Earthquake seismograms came from the Southern California Earthquake Data Center and can be obtained from www.data.scec.org (last accessed August 2014). NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2600 EP 2615 DI 10.1002/2014JB011579 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI2GI UT WOS:000354563200030 ER PT J AU Tizzani, P Battaglia, M Castaldo, R Pepe, A Zeni, G Lanari, R AF Tizzani, P. Battaglia, M. Castaldo, R. Pepe, A. Zeni, G. Lanari, R. TI Magma and fluid migration at Yellowstone Caldera in the last three decades inferred from InSAR, leveling, and gravity measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone Caldera; differential InSAR; leveling; gravity; inversion modeling; seismic tomography ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROGRAMS; LONG VALLEY CALDERA; SURFACE DEFORMATION; NATIONAL-PARK; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; CRUSTAL UPLIFT; SBAS TECHNIQUE; TIME-SERIES; ALGORITHM AB We studied the Yellowstone caldera geological unrest between 1977 and 2010 by investigating temporal changes in differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), precise spirit leveling and gravity measurements. The analysis of the 1992-2010 displacement time series, retrieved by applying the SBAS InSAR technique, allowed the identification of three areas of deformation: (i) the Mallard Lake (ML) and Sour Creek (SC) resurgent domes, (ii) a region close to the Northern Caldera Rim (NCR), and (iii) the eastern Snake River Plain (SRP). While the eastern SRP shows a signal related to tectonic deformation, the other two regions are influenced by the caldera unrest. We removed the tectonic signal from the InSAR displacements, and we modeled the InSAR, leveling, and gravity measurements to retrieve the best fitting source parameters. Our findings confirmed the existence of different distinct sources, beneath the brittle-ductile transition zone, which have been intermittently active during the last three decades. Moreover, we interpreted our results in the light of existing seismic tomography studies. Concerning the SC dome, we highlighted the role of hydrothermal fluids as the driving force behind the 1977-1983 uplift; since 1983-1993 the deformation source transformed into a deeper one with a higher magmatic component. Furthermore, our results support the magmatic nature of the deformation source beneath ML dome for the overall investigated period. Finally, the uplift at NCR is interpreted as magma accumulation, while its subsidence could either be the result of fluids migration outside the caldera or the gravitational adjustment of the source from a spherical to a sill-like geometry. C1 [Tizzani, P.; Castaldo, R.; Pepe, A.; Zeni, G.; Lanari, R.] CNR, IREA, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Battaglia, M.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Earth Sci, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Battaglia, M.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tizzani, P (reprint author), CNR, IREA, I-80125 Naples, Italy. EM tizzani.p@irea.cnr.it RI Zeni, Giovanni/L-8417-2014; Pepe, Antonio/J-9454-2016; OI Pepe, Antonio/0000-0002-7843-3565; Battaglia, Maurizio/0000-0003-4726-5287 FU ESA within the Cat-1 Project [6311] FX Leveling data from 1976 to 1995 from the University of Utah and the U.S. Geological Survey are available courtesy of D. Dzurisin (Cascades Volcano Observatory). Comments from C. Wicks (USGS), J. Lowenstern (USGS), D. Dzurisin (USGS), J. Farrell (University of Utah), and two anonymous reviewers greatly helped to improve the manuscript. We thank ESA for providing the SAR ERS and ENVISAT data within the Cat-1 Project 6311. Finally, we thank S. Guarino, F. Parisi, and M.C. Rasulo for their technical support. InSAR data can be requested-for non-commercial, research purposes only-to Pietro Tizzani. Leveling and gravity data employed for our analysis are in Table S2. Yellowstone Lake levels are in Table S3. The dMODELS software is free and can be downloaded from the USGS website: http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/b1/. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2627 EP 2647 DI 10.1002/2014JB011502 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI2GI UT WOS:000354563200032 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF AF Pollitz, Fred F. TI Postearthquake relaxation evidence for laterally variable viscoelastic structure and water content in the Southern California mantle SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review DE lithosphere; asthenosphere; rheology ID 7.1 HECTOR MINE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; STRIKE-SLIP-FAULT; ART. NO. 2050; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY AB I reexamine the lower crust and mantle relaxation following two large events in the Mojave Desert: the 1992 M7.3 Landers and 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquakes. Time series from continuous GPS sites out to 300 km from the ruptures are used to constrain models of postseismic relaxation. Crustal motions in the Mojave Desert region are elevated above background for several years following each event. To account for broadscale relaxation of the lower crust and mantle, the Burgers body model is employed, involving transient and steady state viscosities. Joint afterslip/postseismic relaxation modeling of the GPS time series up to one decade following the Hector Mine earthquake reveals a significant rheological contrast between a northwest trending southwest domain (that envelopes the San Andreas fault system and western Mojave Desert) and an adjacent northeast domain (that envelopes the Landers and Hector Mine rupture areas in the central Mojave Desert). The steady state viscosity of the northeast domain mantle asthenosphere is inferred to be approximate to 4 times greater than that of the southwest domain. This pattern is counter to that expected for regional heat flow, which is higher in the northeast domain, but it is explicable by means of a nonlinear rheology that includes dependence on both strain rate and water concentration. I infer that the southwest domain mantle has a relatively low steady state viscosity because of its high strain rate and water content. The relatively low mantle water content of the northeast domain is interpreted to result from the continual extraction of water through igneous and volcanic activity over the past approximate to 20 Myr. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 103 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2672 EP 2696 DI 10.1002/2014JB011603 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI2GI UT WOS:000354563200034 ER PT J AU Hearn, EH Thatcher, WR AF Hearn, Elizabeth H. Thatcher, Wayne R. TI Reconciling viscoelastic models of postseismic and interseismic deformation: Effects of viscous shear zones and finite length ruptures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE earthquake cycle; strike-slip fault; finite element model; interseismic deformation ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; EARTHQUAKE CYCLE DEFORMATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; IZMIT EARTHQUAKE; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; GPS MEASUREMENTS; TRANSIENT CREEP AB We have developed a suite of earthquake cycle models for strike-slip faults to investigate how finite ruptures and lithosphere-scale viscous shear zones affect interseismic deformation. In particular, we assess whether localized and stationary interseismic deformation and large-scale, rapidly decaying postseismic transients may be explained with models incorporating either or both of these features. Models incorporating viscous shear zones give more stationary interseismic deformation than layered half-space, Maxwell viscoelastic models producing similar early postseismic deformation in the near field. This tendency is accentuated when the effective viscosity per unit width of the shear zone increases either with depth or with interseismic time. Models with finite (200km long) ruptures produce time-dependent deformation similar to that from models with infinitely long ruptures, though with smaller-magnitude and somewhat more localized surface velocity fluctuations. Models incorporating a stiff lithosphere, a low-viscosity mantle asthenosphere, and a crust- to lithosphere-scale viscous shear zone can replicate postseismic and interseismic deformation typical of large, strike-slip earthquakes. Such models require depth-dependent, power law, or transient rheologies for the viscous shear zone material in the crust, as long as the effective viscosity per unit shear zone width is approximately 10(15)Pas/m at crustal depths during the postseismic interval. Below the Moho, the shear zone effective viscosity per unit width must be higher throughout the seismic cycle, at least over a short depth interval. For example, if shear zone viscosity per unit width is 5x10(16)Pas/m in the mantle lithosphere, a model with a 50km thick lithosphere and asthenosphere effective viscosities of 1 to 5x10(18)Pas can reproduce reference velocity profiles for both postseismic and later interseismic deformation. C1 [Hearn, Elizabeth H.] Capstone Geophys, Portola Valley, CA 94028 USA. [Thatcher, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hearn, EH (reprint author), Capstone Geophys, Portola Valley, CA 94028 USA. EM hearn.liz@gmail.com FU Southern California Earthquake Center; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); NSF [EAR-1033462]; USGS [G12AC20038]; NSERC [RGPIN 261458-07] FX No new data were presented in this paper. The reference velocity profiles were generated by a Maxwell viscoelastic earthquake cycle model calibrated to GPS velocities from Reilinger et al. [2006] and Ergintav et al. [2009]. We used the finite element code GAEA [Saucier and Humphreys, 1993] to develop the suite of earthquake cycle models presented in the paper. For simple cases, the GAEA calculations were benchmarked using the code VISCO1D [Pollitz, 1997] and a semianalytical code developed by K. Johnson and P. Segall [Johnson and Segall, 2004]. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC). SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC contribution for this paper is 1956. The NSERC grant was Discovery Grant RGPIN 261458-07. We thank T. Parsons and F. Pollitz for their insightful USGS internal reviews of this manuscript, and two anonymous JGR reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2794 EP 2819 DI 10.1002/2014JB011361 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI2GI UT WOS:000354563200040 ER PT J AU Reed, JM Field, CR Silbernagle, MD Nadig, A Goebel, K Dibben-Young, A Donaldson, P Elphick, CS AF Reed, J. M. Field, C. R. Silbernagle, M. D. Nadig, A. Goebel, K. Dibben-Young, A. Donaldson, P. Elphick, C. S. TI Application of the complete-data likelihood to estimate juvenile and adult survival for the endangered Hawaiian stilt SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE complete-data likelihood; data augmentation; demographic models; Hawaii; hierarchical Bayesian model; MCMC; shorebird; waterbirds ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; POPULATION VIABILITY; BIRDS; MODEL; CONSERVATION; VERTEBRATES; MANAGEMENT; PROBABILITY AB Applied ecologists routinely use demographic models to predict population trajectories. Survival rates throughout the life cycle, which are required for these models, are often difficult to obtain, especially for long-lived or mobile species. Detailed information for pre-adult age classes in particular is often lacking. Using a 20-year dataset from several hundred individuals, we used Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to fit hierarchical models that describe survival rates for both adult and sub-adult Hawaiian stilts Himantopus mexicanus knudseni, an endangered island endemic. We constructed the complete-data likelihood and used data augmentation to estimate missing values and incorporate data that were not collected during formal sampling. Survival estimates were lower and more uncertain during the first 2 months of life compared with the remainder of the first year. The probability of first-year survival averaged 0.55 (95% credibility interval: 0.07-0.90), but varied considerably among cohorts from different years and islands. Probability of adult annual survival differed little between females (0.79; 0.71-0.86) and males (0.80; 0.72-0.87), but increased as birds aged from 1 to 20 years (0.77-0.85). Our analysis confirms that earlier work, despite being based on few data, provided good point estimates for survival rates. Our new analysis, however, provides the first comprehensive assessment of uncertainty in survival rates and detailed information on the nature of variation in first-year and adult survival. This information will help inform new demographic models and can be used to guide management actions. C1 [Reed, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Field, C. R.; Elphick, C. S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Conservat & Biodivers, Storrs, CT USA. [Silbernagle, M. D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Haleiwa, HI USA. [Nadig, A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI USA. [Goebel, K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Reed, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, 163 Packard Ave, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM michael.reed@tufts.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9322733]; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife FX We thank Rick Coleman, Holly Wilbanks, Laura McNeil, Mike Nishimoto, Kim Uyehara, Jaap Eijzenga and others who banded Hawaiian stilts and contributed to the Endangered Hawaiian Waterbird Resighting Database maintained by the USFWS; Peter Luscomb and Linda Santos for providing access to their records of captive stilts at the Honolulu Zoo; and Brett Sandercock, Michael Schaub and two anonymous reviewers for commenting on an earlier draft of this paper. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. This research was partly supported by National Science Foundation grant (DEB-9322733) (to J.M.R.), the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD APR PY 2015 VL 18 IS 2 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1111/acv.12156 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH3DS UT WOS:000353907700010 ER PT J AU Ruthrauff, DR Dekinga, A Gill, RE van Gils, JA Piersma, T AF Ruthrauff, Daniel R. Dekinga, Anne Gill, Robert E., Jr. van Gils, Jan A. Piersma, Theunis TI Ways to be different: foraging adaptations that facilitate higher intake rates in a northerly wintering shorebird compared with a low-latitude conspecific SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Intake rate; Foraging ecology; Functional response; Nonbreeding distribution; Subspecific differences ID SANDPIPER CALIDRIS-PTILOCNEMIS; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; RED KNOTS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; METABOLIC-RATE; ORGAN SIZE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; POPULATION ECOLOGY AB At what phenotypic level do closely related subspecies that live in different environments differ with respect to food detection, ingestion and processing? This question motivated an experimental study on rock sandpipers (Calidris ptilocnemis). The species' nonbreeding range spans 20 deg of latitude, the extremes of which are inhabited by two subspecies: C. p. ptilocnemis that winters primarily in upper Cook Inlet, Alaska (61 degrees N) and C. p. tschuktschorum that overlaps slightly with C. p. ptilocnemis but whose range extends much farther south (similar to 40 degrees N). In view of the strongly contrasting energetic demands of their distinct nonbreeding distributions, we conducted experiments to assess the behavioral, physiological and sensory aspects of foraging and we used the bivalve Macoma balthica for all trials. C. p. ptilocnemis consumed a wider range of prey sizes, had higher maximum rates of energy intake, processed shell waste at higher maximum rates and handled prey more quickly. Notably, however, the two subspecies did not differ in their abilities to find buried prey. The subspecies were similar in size and had equally sized gizzards, but the more northern ptilocnemis individuals were 10-14% heavier than their same-sex tschuktschorum counterparts. The higher body mass in ptilocnemis probably resulted from hypertrophy of digestive organs (e.g. intestine, liver) related to digestion and nutrient assimilation. Given the previously established equality of the metabolic capacities of the two subspecies, we propose that the high-latitude nonbreeding range of ptilocnemis rock sandpipers is primarily facilitated by digestive (i.e. physiological) aspects of their foraging ecology rather than behavioral or sensory aspects. C1 [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Gill, Robert E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Dekinga, Anne; van Gils, Jan A.; Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Chair Global Flyway Ecol, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. RP Ruthrauff, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM druthrauff@usgs.gov RI van Gils, Jan/B-5544-2008 OI van Gils, Jan/0000-0002-4132-8243 FU US Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area; Marine Ecology Department at NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research; NWO VIDI grant [864.09.002] FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and by the Marine Ecology Department at NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research. J.A.v.G. was supported by an NWO VIDI grant (864.09.002). NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 218 IS 8 BP 1188 EP 1197 DI 10.1242/jeb.108894 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CH5ZM UT WOS:000354114900014 PM 25714569 ER PT J AU Nadoll, P Mauk, JL Leveille, RA Koenig, AE AF Nadoll, Patrick Mauk, Jeffrey L. Leveille, Richard A. Koenig, Alan E. TI Geochemistry of magnetite from porphyry Cu and skarn deposits in the southwestern United States SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Magnetite; Hydrothermal; Porphyry; Skarn; Minor and trace elements ID MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; TRACE-ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION; COPPER-MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT; FE-TI OXIDES; LA-ICP-MS; ORE-DEPOSITS; SANTA-RITA; NEW-MEXICO; ALTERATION-MINERALIZATION; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS AB A combination of petrographic observations, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and statistical data exploration was used in this study to determine compositional variations in hydrothermal and igneous magnetite from five porphyry Cu-Mo and skarn deposits in the southwestern United States, and igneous magnetite from the unmineralized, granodioritic Inner Zone Batholith, Japan. The most important overall discriminators for the minor and trace element chemistry of magnetite from the investigated porphyry and skarn deposits are Mg, Al, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Zn, and Ga-of these the elements with the highest variance for (I) igneous magnetite are Mg, Al, Ti, V, Mn, Zn, for (II) hydrothermal porphyry magnetite are Mg, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Zn, and for (III) hydrothermal skarn magnetite are Mg, Ti, Mn, Zn, and Ga. Nickel could only be detected at levels above the limit of reporting (LOR) in two igneous magnetites. Equally, Cr could only be detected in one igneous occurrence. Copper, As, Mo, Ag, Au, and Pb have been reported in magnetite by other authors but could not be detected at levels greater than their respective LORs in our samples. Comparison with the chemical signature of igneous magnetite from the barren Inner Zone Batholith, Japan, suggests that V, Mn, Co, and Ga concentrations are relatively depleted in magnetite from the porphyry and skarn deposits. Higher formation conditions in combination with distinct differences between melt and hydrothermal fluid compositions are reflected in Al, Ti, V, and Ga concentrations that are, on average, higher in igneous magnetite than in hydrothermal magnetite (including porphyry and skarn magnetite). Low Ti and V concentrations in combination with high Mn concentrations are characteristic features of magnetite from skarn deposits. High Mg concentrations (< 1,000 ppm) are characteristic for magnetite from magnesian skarn and likely reflect extensive fluid/rock interaction. In porphyry deposits, hydrothermal magnetite from different vein types can be distinguished by varying Ti, V, Mn, and Zn contents. Titanium and V concentrations are highly variable among hydrothermal and igneous magnetites, but Ti concentrations above 3,560 ppm could only be detected in igneous magnetite, and V concentrations are on average lower in hydrothermal magnetite. The highest Ti concentrations are present in igneous magnetite from gabbro and monzonite. The lowest Ti concentrations were recorded in igneous magnetite from granodiorite and granodiorite breccia and largely overlap with Ti concentrations found in hydrothermal porphyry magnetite. Magnesium and Mn concentrations vary between magnetite from different skarn deposits but are generally greater than in hydrothermal magnetite from the porphyry deposits. High Mg, and low Ti and V concentrations characterize hydrothermal magnetite from magnesian skarn deposits and follow a trend that indicates that magnetite from skarn (calcic and magnesian) commonly has low Ti and V concentrations. C1 [Nadoll, Patrick; Mauk, Jeffrey L.] Univ Auckland, Sch Geog Geol & Environm Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Leveille, Richard A.] Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. [Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nadoll, P (reprint author), CSIRO ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. EM pnadoll@gmail.com OI Mauk, Jeff/0000-0002-6244-2774; Nadoll, Patrick/0000-0002-4061-7203 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS [3607415/06HQGR0173]; Freeport McMoRan Copper Gold Inc. FX Research supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS award number 3607415/06HQGR0173, and by Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 117 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 EI 1432-1866 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD APR PY 2015 VL 50 IS 4 BP 493 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s00126-014-0539-y PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA CI0CN UT WOS:000354403500007 ER PT J AU Methner, K Mulch, A Teyssier, C Wells, ML Cosca, MA Gottardi, R Gebelin, A Chamberlain, CP AF Methner, Katharina Mulch, Andreas Teyssier, Christian Wells, Michael L. Cosca, Michael A. Gottardi, Raphael Gebelin, Aude Chamberlain, C. Page TI Eocene and Miocene extension, meteoric fluid infiltration, and core complex formation in the Great Basin (Raft River Mountains, Utah) SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article DE geochronology; hydrogen isotopes; fluid flow; detachment; core complex; Raft River ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LASER AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGY; NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; DETACHMENT SHEAR ZONE; SEVIER OROGENIC BELT; NORTHWESTERN UTAH; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE; THRUST BELT; SOUTHERN IDAHO; RANGE PROVINCE AB Metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) in the North American Cordillera reflect the effects of lithospheric extension and contribute to crustal adjustments both during and after a protracted subduction history along the Pacific plate margin. While the Miocene-to-recent history of most MCCs in the Great Basin, including the Raft River-Albion-Grouse Creek MCC, is well documented, early Cenozoic tectonic fabrics are commonly severely overprinted. We present stable isotope, geochronological (Ar-40/Ar-39), and microstructural data from the Raft River detachment shear zone. Hydrogen isotope ratios of syntectonic white mica (H-2(ms)) from mylonitic quartzite within the shear zone are very low (-90 to -154, Vienna SMOW) and result from multiphase synkinematic interaction with surface-derived fluids. Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology reveals Eocene (re)crystallization of white mica with H-2(ms)-154 in quartzite mylonite of the western segment of the detachment system. These H-2(ms) values are distinctively lower than in localities farther east (H-2(ms)-125 parts per thousand), where Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronological data indicate Miocene (18-15 Ma) extensional shearing and mylonitic fabric formation. These data indicate that very low H-2 surface-derived fluids penetrated the brittle-ductile transition as early as the mid-Eocene during a first phase of exhumation along a detachment rooted to the east. In the eastern part of the core complex, prominent top-to-the-east ductile shearing, mid-Miocene Ar-40/Ar-39 ages, and higher H-2 values of recrystallized white mica, indicate Miocene structural and isotopic overprinting of Eocene fabrics. C1 [Methner, Katharina; Mulch, Andreas; Gebelin, Aude] Senckenberg Res Inst, Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Frankfurt, Germany. [Mulch, Andreas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Teyssier, Christian] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Wells, Michael L.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Cosca, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gottardi, Raphael] Univ Louisiana, Sch Geosci, Lafayette, LA USA. [Gebelin, Aude] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Chamberlain, C. Page] Stanford Univ, Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Methner, K (reprint author), Senckenberg Res Inst, Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Frankfurt, Germany. EM katharina.methner@senckenberg.de FU LOEWE funding program of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts; National Science Foundation [EAR 0838541, EAR 1019648, EAR 0610098]; Swiss grants [SNF-200020-126973/1, SNF-200021-103674] FX Data to support this article are available in the supporting information (Tables S1-S5). We thank M. Wong, D. A. Foster, A. Manning (USGS), and the Associate Editor for their insightful reviews that helped to significantly improve this manuscript. K.M., A.M., and A.G. acknowledge support through the LOEWE funding program of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts. We gratefully acknowledge support from National Science Foundation grants EAR 0838541 (CT), EAR 1019648 (CPC, AM), and EAR 0610098 (MW), as well as Swiss grants SNF-200020-126973/1 (CT) and SNF-200021-103674 (MC). We thank T. Vennemann (Lausanne) and C. Wenske (Hannover) for laboratory support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD APR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 680 EP 693 DI 10.1002/2014TC003766 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH8WR UT WOS:000354317400004 ER PT J AU Lyon, SW Nathanson, M Lam, N Dahlke, HE Rutzinger, M Kean, JW Laudon, H AF Lyon, Steve W. Nathanson, Marcus Lam, Norris Dahlke, Helen E. Rutzinger, Martin Kean, Jason W. Laudon, Hjalmar TI Can Low-Resolution Airborne Laser Scanning Data Be Used to Model Stream Rating Curves? SO WATER LA English DT Article ID LIDAR DATA; TERRAIN MODELS; RIVER; VEGETATION; CATCHMENTS; ALTIMETRY; SHALLOW; FUTURE; TIMES AB This pilot study explores the potential of using low-resolution (0.2 points/m(2)) airborne laser scanning (ALS)-derived elevation data to model stream rating curves. Rating curves, which allow the functional translation of stream water depth into discharge, making them integral to water resource monitoring efforts, were modeled using a physics-based approach that captures basic geometric measurements to establish flow resistance due to implicit channel roughness. We tested synthetically thinned high-resolution (more than 2 points/m(2)) ALS data as a proxy for low-resolution data at a point density equivalent to that obtained within most national-scale ALS strategies. Our results show that the errors incurred due to the effect of low-resolution versus high-resolution ALS data were less than those due to flow measurement and empirical rating curve fitting uncertainties. As such, although there likely are scale and technical limitations to consider, it is theoretically possible to generate rating curves in a river network from ALS data of the resolution anticipated within national-scale ALS schemes (at least for rivers with relatively simple geometries). This is promising, since generating rating curves from ALS scans would greatly enhance our ability to monitor streamflow by simplifying the overall effort required. C1 [Lyon, Steve W.; Nathanson, Marcus; Lam, Norris] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dahlke, Helen E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rutzinger, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Geog, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rutzinger, Martin] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Interdisciplinary Mt Res, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Laudon, Hjalmar] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Lyon, SW (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM steve.lyon@natgeo.su.se; marcus.nathanson@natgeo.su.se; norris.lam@natgeo.su.se; hdahlke@ucdavis.edu; martin.rutzinger@uibk.ac.at; jwkean@usgs.gov; hjalmar.laudon@slu.se RI Rutzinger, Martin/A-7011-2010; Dahlke, Helen/A-5561-2012; OI Rutzinger, Martin/0000-0001-6628-4681; Dahlke, Helen/0000-0001-8757-6982; Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 FU Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet (VR)) [2011-4390]; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (Stiftelsen for internationalisering av hogre utbildning och forskning (STINT)) [2013-5261]; Ministry of Education and Research at the Swedish Government; Education Administration at the City of Stockholm; Swedish Science Foundation (SITES); ForWater (Formas); Future Forest; Kempe Foundation; Fortlopande miljoanalys (FOMA); Svensk Karnbranslehantering (SKB) FX This work was supported in the form of funding from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet (VR) Grant No. 2011-4390) and from the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (Stiftelsen for internationalisering av hogre utbildning och forskning (STINT) Grant No. 2013-5261). In addition, Marcus Nathanson was funded by the Ministry of Education and Research at the Swedish Government and by the Education Administration at the City of Stockholm. The Krycklan Catchment Study is funded by Swedish Science Foundation (SITES), ForWater (Formas), Future Forest, Kempe Foundation, Fortlopande miljoanalys (FOMA) and Svensk Karnbranslehantering (SKB). Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD APR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1324 EP 1339 DI 10.3390/w7041324 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CH0MS UT WOS:000353715100001 ER PT J AU Bhandari, RK Deem, SL Holliday, DK Jandegian, CM Kassotis, CD Nagel, SC Tillitt, DE Saal, FSV Rosenfeld, CS AF Bhandari, Ramji K. Deem, Sharon L. Holliday, Dawn K. Jandegian, Caitlin M. Kassotis, Christopher D. Nagel, Susan C. Tillitt, Donald E. Saal, Frederick S. Vom Rosenfeld, Cheryl S. TI Effects of the environmental estrogenic contaminants bisphenol A and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol on sexual development and adult behaviors in aquatic wildlife species SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Endocrine disrupting compounds; EDCs; BPA; Cognition; Sexual differentiation ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; EPIGENETIC TRANSGENERATIONAL INHERITANCE; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; EXPOSED IN-UTERO; ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG; KISSIMMEE-EVERGLADES DRAINAGE AB Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including the mass-produced component of plastics, bisphenol A (BPA) are widely prevalent in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Many aquatic species, such as fish, amphibians, aquatic reptiles and mammals, are exposed daily to high concentrations of BPA and ethinyl estradiol (EE2), estrogen in birth control pills. In this review, we will predominantly focus on BPA and EE2, well-described estrogenic EDCs. First, the evidence that BPA and EE2 are detectable in almost all bodies of water will be discussed. We will consider how BPA affects sexual and neural development in these species, as these effects have been the best characterized across taxa. For instance, such chemicals have been in many cases reported to cause sex-reversal of males to females. Even if these chemicals do not overtly alter the gonadal sex, there are indications that several EDCs might demasculinize male-specific behaviors that are essential for attracting a mate. In so doing, these chemicals may reduce the likelihood that these males reproduce. If exposed males do reproduce, the concern is that they will then be passing on compromised genetic fitness to their offspring and transmitting potential transgenerational effects through their sperm epigenome. We will thus consider how diverse epigenetic changes might be a unifying mechanism of how BPA and EE2 disrupt several processes across species. Such changes might also serve as universal species diagnostic biomarkers of BPA and other EDCs exposure. Lastly, the evidence that estrogenic EDCs-induced effects in aquatic species might translate to humans will be considered. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhandari, Ramji K.; Kassotis, Christopher D.; Nagel, Susan C.; Saal, Frederick S. Vom] Univ Missouri, Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bhandari, Ramji K.; Jandegian, Caitlin M.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Deem, Sharon L.; Jandegian, Caitlin M.] St Louis Zoo, Inst Conservat Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Deem, Sharon L.] Univ Missouri, Vet Clin Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Holliday, Dawn K.] Westminster Coll, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Fulton, MO 65251 USA. [Holliday, Dawn K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jandegian, Caitlin M.] Univ Missouri, Masters Publ Hlth Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Nagel, Susan C.] Univ Missouri, Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.] Univ Missouri, Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rosenfeld, CS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr 440F, 1201 E Rollins Rd, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM rosenfeldc@missouri.edu OI Nagel, Susan C./0000-0003-4703-7604 FU University of Missouri Office of Research, Bond Life Sciences Center; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri; STAR Fellowship by US Environmental Protection Agency [FP-91747101]; Environmental Health Mission Area, USGS FX Project supported by grants from the University of Missouri Office of Research, Bond Life Sciences Center, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, a STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement (FP-91747101 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency to C.D.K.), and the Environmental Health Mission Area, USGS. The views and conclusions herein represent the views of authors and also the views of the US Geological Survey; however, they do not represent the views of the Environmental Protection Agency. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 418 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 30 U2 155 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 214 BP 195 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.09.014 PG 25 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CH2GS UT WOS:000353844300024 PM 25277515 ER PT J AU Varsani, A Porzig, EL Jennings, S Kraberger, S Farkas, K Julian, L Masaro, M Ballard, G Ainley, DG AF Varsani, Arvind Porzig, Elizabeth L. Jennings, Scott Kraberger, Simona Farkas, Kata Julian, Laurel Masaro, Melanie Ballard, Grant Ainley, David G. TI Identification of an avian'polyomavirus associated with Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEATHER-LOSS DISORDER; ANTARCTIC PENGUINS; MAGELLANIC PENGUINS; VIRUS-INFECTION; GENOME ANALYSIS; POLYOMAVIRUSES; BIRDS; ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE; PARAMYXOVIRUSES AB Little is known about viruses associated with Antarctic animals, although they are probably widespread. We recovered a novel polyomavirus from Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) faecal matter sampled in a subcolony at Cape Royds, Ross Island, Antarctica. The 4988 nt Adelie penguin polyomavirus (AdPyV) has a typical polyomavirus genome organization with three ORFs that encoded capsid proteins on the one strand and two non-structural protein-coding ORFs on the complementary strand. The genome of AdPyV shared similar to 60% pairwise identity with all avipolyomaviruses. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the large T-antigen (T-Ag) amino acid sequences showed that the T-Ag of AdPyV clustered with those of avipolyomaviruses, sharing between 48 and 52% identities. Only three viruses associated with Adelie penguins have been identified at a genomic level, avian influenza virus subtype H11N2 from the Antarctic Peninsula and, respectively, Pygoscelis adeliae papillomavirus and AdPyV from capes Crozier and Royds on Ross Island. C1 [Varsani, Arvind; Kraberger, Simona; Farkas, Kata; Julian, Laurel] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Varsani, Arvind; Kraberger, Simona; Farkas, Kata; Julian, Laurel] Univ Canterbury, Biomol Interact Ctr, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Varsani, Arvind] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Varsani, Arvind] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Varsani, Arvind] Univ Cape Town, Electron Microscope Unit, Div Med Biochem, Dept Clin Lab Sci, ZA-7700 Observatory, South Africa. [Porzig, Elizabeth L.; Ballard, Grant] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA USA. [Jennings, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Masaro, Melanie] Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Albury, NSW, Australia. [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA USA. RP Varsani, A (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM arvind.varsani@canterbury.ac.nz FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [ANT-0944411] FX The field work for this study was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant ANT-0944411, with logistics supplied by the US Antarctic Program. The field work was conducted under Animal Care and Use Permit #4130 through Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, and Antarctic Conservation Act Permit #2006-010 from NSF. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 96 BP 851 EP 857 DI 10.1099/vir.0.000038 PN 4 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA CG9CE UT WOS:000353611200014 PM 25537375 ER PT J AU Hornbach, MJ DeShon, HR Ellsworth, WL Stump, BW Hayward, C Frohlich, C Oldham, HR Olson, JE Magnani, MB Brokaw, C Luetgert, JH AF Hornbach, Matthew J. DeShon, Heather R. Ellsworth, William L. Stump, Brian W. Hayward, Chris Frohlich, Cliff Oldham, Harrison R. Olson, Jon E. Magnani, M. Beatrice Brokaw, Casey Luetgert, James H. TI Causal factors for seismicity near Azle, Texas SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FORT-WORTH BASIN; MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; FLUID-FLOW; INJECTION; STRESS; ARKANSAS; COLLAPSE; SWARM AB In November 2013, a series of earthquakes began along a mapped ancient fault system near Azle, Texas. Here we assess whether it is plausible that human activity caused these earthquakes. Analysis of both lake and groundwater variations near Azle shows that no significant stress changes were associated with the shallow water table before or during the earthquake sequence. In contrast, pore-pressure models demonstrate that a combination of brine production and wastewater injection near the fault generated subsurface pressures sufficient to induce earthquakes on near-critically stressed faults. On the basis of modelling results and the absence of historical earthquakes near Azle, brine production combined with wastewater disposal represent the most likely cause of recent seismicity near Azle. For assessing the earthquake cause, our research underscores the necessity of monitoring subsurface wastewater formation pressures and monitoring earthquakes having magnitudes of similar to M2 and greater. Currently, monitoring at these levels is not standard across Texas or the United States. C1 [Hornbach, Matthew J.; Stump, Brian W.; Hayward, Chris; Oldham, Harrison R.; Magnani, M. Beatrice; Brokaw, Casey] So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Ellsworth, William L.; Luetgert, James H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Frohlich, Cliff] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Olson, Jon E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Hornbach, MJ (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM mhornbach@smu.edu; hdeshon@smu.edu RI Frohlich, Cliff/A-8573-2008 FU SMU University Research Council; Institute for the Study of Earth and Man FX All seismic waveform data are publically available at the IRIS Data Management Center. Wastewater injection, brine production and surface injection pressure data are publically available at the TRC. We thank Craig Pearson at the TRC, Bob Patterson from the Upper Trinity Groundwater Conservation District; scientists at XTO Energy, ExxonMobil, MorningStar Partners and EnerVest for valuable discussions; Robert Simpson for assistance with the Boussinesq modelling. We thank Barbara Bekins, Art McGarr and Ruth Harris for initial reviews. The SMU University Research Council and the Institute for the Study of Earth and Man provided partial support. Some figures were prepared using Generic Mapping Tools40. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2015 VL 6 AR 6728 DI 10.1038/ncomms7728 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CH0HZ UT WOS:000353701700007 PM 25898170 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, James H. TI Summer Diel Diet and Feeding Periodicity of Four Species of Cyprinids in the Salmon River, New York SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WESTERN LAKE ERIE; FOOD-HABITS; SEMOTILUS-ATROMACULATUS; EXOGLOSSUM-MAXILLINGUA; CUTLIPS MINNOW; FISHES; SHINER; STREAM; OVERLAP; PISCES AB The diel diet composition and feeding periodicity of Luxilus cornutus (common shiner), Exoglossum maxillingua (cutlip minnow), Semotilus corporalis (fallfish), and Notropis hudsonius (spottail shiner) were examined in the Salmon River, New York over a 24 h period during the summer. Chironomids were the major prey of common shiner (60.6%) and cutlip minnow (54.7%), whereas terrestrial invertebrates (30.0%) and amphipods (38.4%) were the primary food of fallfish and spottail shiner, respectively. Diet overlap was high between common shiner and cutlip minnow (Morisita's index = 0.88) and moderate between fallfish and common shiner (0.54) and fallfish and cutlip minnow (0.50). Diel temperal variation in diet composition was greatest (0.64) for spottail shiner. Three species exhibited diel variation in food consumption. Fallfish had a distinct feeding peak, whereas peak food consumption of common shiner and cutlip minnow occurred over a more extended period. Spottail shiner did not have a distinct feeding peak but food consumption was highest from 2400 to 0800 h. Each of the four species exhibited some degree of variation in their diel feeding ecology in regards to either diet composition or food consumption. C1 USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2015 VL 173 IS 2 BP 326 EP 334 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG3WX UT WOS:000353211400013 ER PT J AU D'Elia, J Haig, SM Johnson, M Marcot, BG Young, R AF D'Elia, Jesse Haig, Susan M. Johnson, Matthew Marcot, Bruce G. Young, Richard TI Activity-specific ecological niche models for planning reintroductions of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Activity-specific niche; California condor; Ecological niche model; Endangered species; Habitat; MAXENT; Reintroduction ID HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS; VULTURE GYPAETUS-BARBATUS; SAMPLE SELECTION BIAS; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; CONSERVATION TOOL; NESTING HABITAT; SITE SELECTION; GYPS-FULVUS; DISTRIBUTIONS; RECOVERY AB Ecological niche models can be a useful tool to identify candidate reintroduction sites for endangered species but have been infrequently used for this purpose. In this paper, we (1) develop activity-specific ecological niche models (nesting, roosting, and feeding) for the critically endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) to aid in reintroduction planning in California, Oregon, and Washington, USA, (2) test the accuracy of these models using empirical data withheld from model development, and (3) integrate model results with information on condor movement ecology and biology to produce predictive maps of reintroduction site suitability. Our approach, which disentangles niche models into activity-specific components, has applications for other species where it is routinely assumed (often incorrectly) that individuals fulfill all requirements for life within a single environmental space. Ecological niche models conformed to our understanding of California condor ecology, had good predictive performance when tested with data withheld from model development, and aided in the identification of several candidate reintroduction areas outside of the current distribution of the species. Our results suggest there are large unoccupied regions of the California condor's historical range that have retained ecological features similar to currently occupied habitats, and thus could be considered for future reintroduction efforts. Combining our activity-specific ENMs with ground reconnaissance and information on other threat factors that could not be directly incorporated into empirical ENMs will ultimately improve our ability to select successful reintroduction sites for the California condor. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [D'Elia, Jesse; Young, Richard] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [D'Elia, Jesse] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Haig, Susan M.; Johnson, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP D'Elia, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg Off, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM jesse_delia@fws.gov FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank M. Betts and C. Epps for reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Thanks to J. Brandt, J. Burnett, C. Cogan, D. George, and J. Grantham who provided California condor occurrence data for this study. J.W. Glendening provided atmospheric data which J. Kern helped compile. S. Wilbur, J. Hamber, and J. Grantham provided information on historical roost sites. We also thank C. Epps, M. Betts, P. Singleton, M. Raphael, and G. Falxa for helpful discussions related to this paper. Funding for this project was provided by USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 17 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2015 VL 184 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.002 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG1BE UT WOS:000353007200011 ER PT J AU Meek, MH Wells, C Tomalty, KM Ashander, J Cole, EM Gille, DA Putman, BJ Rose, JP Savoca, MS Yamane, L Hull, JM Rogers, DL Rosenblum, EL Shogren, JF Swaisgood, RR May, B AF Meek, Mariah H. Wells, Caitlin Tomalty, Katharine M. Ashander, Jaime Cole, Esther M. Gille, Daphne A. Putman, Breanna J. Rose, Jonathan P. Savoca, Matthew S. Yamane, Lauren Hull, Joshua M. Rogers, Deborah L. Rosenblum, Erica Lree Shogren, Jason F. Swaisgood, Ronald R. May, Bernie TI Fear of failure in conservation: The problem and potential solutions to aid conservation of extremely small populations SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Management; Imperiled species; Endangered; Fear; Failure; Psychology ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; SELF-DETERMINATION; EXPERT KNOWLEDGE; DECISION-MAKING; EXTINCTION RISK; SCIENCE; PERFORMANCE AB The potential for extirpation of extremely small populations (ESPs) is high due to their vulnerability to demographic and environmental stochasticity and negative impacts of human activity. We argue that conservation actions that could aid ESPs are sometimes delayed because of a fear of failure. In human psychology, the fear of failure is composed of several distinct cognitive elements, including "uncertainty about the future" and "upsetting important others." Uncertainty about the future is often driven by information obstacles in conservation: information is either not easily shared among practitioners or information is lacking. Whereas, fear of upsetting important others can be due to apprehension about angering constituents, peers, funders, and other stakeholders. We present several ways to address these fears in hopes of improving the conservation process. We describe methods for increased information sharing and improved decision-making in the face of uncertainty, and recommend a shift in focus to cooperative actions and improving methods for evaluating success. Our hope is that by tackling stumbling blocks due to the apprehension of failure, conservation and management organizations can take steps to move from fear to action. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meek, Mariah H.; Tomalty, Katharine M.; Gille, Daphne A.; Hull, Joshua M.; May, Bernie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wells, Caitlin; Yamane, Lauren] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ashander, Jaime] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ashander, Jaime] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cole, Esther M.; Putman, Breanna J.; Rose, Jonathan P.; Savoca, Matthew S.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Putman, Breanna J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hull, Joshua M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Off, Sacramento, CA USA. [Rogers, Deborah L.] Ctr Nat Lands Management, Temecula, CA USA. [Rosenblum, Erica Lree] Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shogren, Jason F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Swaisgood, Ronald R.] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Div Appl Anim Ecol, Escondido, CA USA. RP Meek, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mhmeek@ucdavis.edu RI Shogren, Jason/B-9771-2017; OI Shogren, Jason/0000-0003-3757-959X; Savoca, Matthew/0000-0002-7318-4977; Meek, Mariah/0000-0002-3219-4888 FU University of California, Davis College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Programmatic Initiative Grant; UC Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment; Lagunitas Brewery; UC Davis REACH IGERT FX We would like to thank Lisa Belenky, Mark Schwartz, Hugh Safford, Holly Doremus, Amanda Finger, William Wetzel, Timothy Pychyl, and Tara Martin and three anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of this manuscript. We would also like to thank Jocelyn Akins, Amanda Finger, and Alexander Gaos for helping organize the Conservation of Extremely Small Populations Symposium, as well as all of the participants. The Conservation of Extremely Small Populations Symposium was funded by a University of California, Davis College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Programmatic Initiative Grant (to MH Meek and BP May), the UC Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment, UC Davis REACH IGERT, and Lagunitas Brewery. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2015 VL 184 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.025 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG1BE UT WOS:000353007200024 ER PT J AU Hethcoat, MG Chalfoun, AD AF Hethcoat, Matthew G. Chalfoun, Anna D. TI Energy development and avian nest survival in Wyoming, USA: A test of a common disturbance index SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Brewer's sparrow; Energy development; Fragmentation; Habitat loss; Indices; Natural gas; Nest predation; Sage thrasher; Sagebrush sparrow; Sagebrush steppe ID HABITAT SELECTION; SPATIAL SCALE; IMPACTS; SUCCESS; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; PATTERNS; WINTER; TRAPS AB Global energy demands continue to result in new and emerging sources of anthropogenic disturbance to populations and systems. Here, we assessed the influence of natural gas development on a critical component of fitness (nest survival) for Brewer's sparrow (Spizella brewed), sagebrush sparrow (Artemisiospiza nevadensis), and sage thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus), three species of sagebrush-obligate songbirds that are of conservation concern, and assessed the efficacy of a commonly used index of oil and gas development intensity (well density) for estimating habitat transformation and predicting species' responses. During 2008-2009 and 2011-2012 we monitored 926 nests within two natural gas fields in western Wyoming, USA. We calculated landscape metrics (habitat loss, amount of edge, patch shape complexity, and mean patch size) to identify the aspect of landscape transformation most captured by well density. Well density was most positively associated with the amount of sagebrush habitat loss within 1 square kilometer. Nest survival was relatively invariant with respect to well density for all three species. In contrast, nest survival rates of all three species generally decreased with surrounding habitat loss due to energy development. Thus, although well density and habitat loss were strongly correlated, well density resulted in overly conservative estimates of nest survival probability. Our results emphasize the importance of careful evaluation of the appropriateness of particular indices for quantifying the effects of human-induced habitat change. For managers concerned about the effects of natural gas development or similar forms of human land use to co-occurring breeding birds, we recommend minimizing the amount of associated habitat conversion. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hethcoat, Matthew G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Chalfoun, Anna D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hethcoat, MG (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM HethcoatMG@gmail.com; achalfou@uwyo.edu FU Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (U.S. Geological Survey); Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX This project was supported by grants from The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (U.S. Geological Survey) and The Wyoming Game and Fish Department. We thank T. Alleger, J. Bernath-Plaisted, J. Butch, T. Docherty, R. Haynam III, A. Stevens, and K. Urban for assisting with field data collection. S. Albeke was instrumental in compiling the fragmentation indices. S. Knick and four anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on earlier versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2015 VL 184 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.02.009 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG1BE UT WOS:000353007200036 ER PT J AU Loss, SR Loss, SS Will, T Marra, PP AF Loss, Scott R. Loss, Sara S. Will, Tom Marra, Peter P. TI Linking place-based citizen science with large-scale conservation research: A case study of bird-building collisions and the role of professional scientists SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Bird-building collisions; Citizen science; Data-intensive science; Public participation in scientific research; Window collisions ID ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; TOOL; MORTALITY; BIODIVERSITY; CHALLENGES; CANADA; EBIRD AB A primary benefit of incorporating public participation in scientific research is the increased ability to use data from multiple localities to address conservation research and management objectives that span national, continental, and even global scales. Although the importance of incorporating data from local citizen science programs into large-scale research has been widely recognized, there has been relatively little discussion of specific steps that will facilitate this bridging of scales. We use the example of bird collisions with buildings in North America an issue for which the majority of data have been collected by citizen science programs that each operate in a different city to outline simple study design and data collection steps that will ensure that data can contribute to large-scale research syntheses. We also describe how taking a scientific approach to defining research questions and hypotheses at the beginning of a study will: (1) result in a high level of rigor throughout the scientific cycle, most notably at the critical stage when programs formulate study design and data collection protocols, and (2) produce results that effectively inform local policy and management decisions while also contributing to large-scale science. Given the funding and staffing limitations of citizen science programs, we argue that the responsibility is with professional conservation scientists to reach out to programs and provide feedback that assists them in bridging local and large scales. These collaborations will expand the collective contribution of citizens to conservation science and management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Loss, Scott R.; Loss, Sara S.; Marra, Peter P.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Will, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Midwest Reg Off, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Loss, SR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM scott.loss@okstate.edu; sara.loss@okstate.edu; tom_will@fws.gov; marrap@si.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Institution's Postdoctoral Fellowship program FX We thank the building collision monitoring programs that contributed data, responded to inquiries, and provided feedback on analyses and suggested best practices. We specifically thank K. Brand (Lights Out Winston-Salem, Forsyth County Audubon Society & Audubon North Carolina), A. Duren (Lights Out Columbus, Ohio Bird Conservation Initiative & Grange Insurance Audubon Center), M. Coolidge (Bird Safe Portland, Audubon Society of Portland), S. Diehl and C. Sharlow-Schaefer (Wisconsin Night Guardians, Wisconsin Humane Society), D. Collister (Calgary Fatal Light Awareness Program, Calgary Bird Banding Society), J. Eckles, K. Nichols, and R. Zink (Project Bird Safe Minnesota, Audubon Minnesota & University of Minnesota), S. Elbin and A. Palmer (Project Safe Flight New York, New York Audubon), D. Gorney (Lights Out Indy, Amos W. Butler Audubon Society), A. Lewis and L. Fuisz (Lights Out DC, City Wildlife), M. Mesure (Fatal Light Awareness Program - Canada), W. Olson (Lights Out Baltimore, Baltimore Bird Club), A. Prince (Chicago Bird Collision Monitors, Chicago Audubon Society), and K. Russell (Audubon Pennsylvania). C. Sheppard provided a list of building collision monitoring programs. J. Rutter and R. Schneider provided assistance with data validation and analysis, and S. Hager, D. Klem, C. Machtans, T. O'Connell, and C. Wedeles provided perspectives and insight on bird-building collisions. S.R.L. was initially supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Institution's Postdoctoral Fellowship program. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2015 VL 184 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.02.023 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG1BE UT WOS:000353007200048 ER PT J AU Birdwell, JE Washburn, KE AF Birdwell, Justin E. Washburn, Kathryn E. TI Multivariate Analysis Relating Oil Shale Geochemical Properties to NMR Relaxometry SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SPIN RELAXATION; PYROLYSIS; WATER AB Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry has been used to provide insight into shale composition by separating relaxation responses from the various hydrogen-bearing phases present in shales in a noninvasive way. Previous low-field NMR work using solid-echo methods provided qualitative information on organic constituents associated with raw and pyrolyzed oil shale samples, but uncertainty in the interpretation of longitudinal-transverse (T-1-T-2) relaxometry correlation results indicated further study was required. Qualitative confirmation of peaks attributed to kerogen in oil shale was achieved by comparing T-1-T-2 correlation measurements made on oil shale samples to measurements made on kerogen isolated from those shales. Quantitative relationships between T-1-T-2 correlation data and organic geochemical properties of raw and pyrolyzed oil shales were determined using partial least-squares regression (PLSR). Relaxometry results were also compared to infrared spectra, and the results not only provided further confidence in the organic matter peak interpretations but also confirmed attribution of T-1-T-2 peaks to clay hydroxyls. In addition, PLSR analysis was applied to correlate relaxometry data to trace element concentrations with good success. The results of this work show that NMR relaxometry measurements using the solid-echo approach produce T-1-T-2 peak distributions that correlate well with geochemical properties of raw and pyrolyzed oil shales. C1 [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Washburn, Kathryn E.] Weatherford Labs, Houston, TX 77064 USA. RP Birdwell, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046 MS 977, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jbirdwell@usgs.gov OI Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 2234 EP 2243 DI 10.1021/ef502828k PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CG4JQ UT WOS:000353251800020 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Krogman, RM AF Miranda, L. E. Krogman, Rebecca M. TI FUNCTIONAL AGE AS AN INDICATOR OF RESERVOIR SENESCENCE SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; REGRESSION; MANAGEMENT; ACCURACY; FEATURES AB It has been conjectured that reservoirs differ in the rate at which they manifest senescence, but no attempt has been made to find an indicator of senescence that performs better than chronological age. We assembled an indicator of functional age by creating a multimetric scale consisting of 10 metrics descriptive of reservoir environments that were expected to change directionally with reservoir senescence. In a sample of 1,022 U.S. reservoirs, chronological age was not correlated with functional age. Functional age was directly related to percentage of cultivated land in the catchment and inversely related to reservoir depth. Moreover, aspects of reservoir fishing quality and fish population characteristics were related to functional age. A multimetric scale to indicate reservoir functional age presents the possibility for management intervention from multiple angles. If a reservoir is functionally aging at an accelerated rate, action may be taken to remedy the conditions contributing most to functional age. Intervention to reduce scores of selected metrics in the scale can potentially reduce the rate of senescence and increase the life expectancy of the reservoir. This leads to the intriguing implication that steps can be taken to reduce functional age and actually make the reservoir grow younger. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Krogman, Rebecca M.] Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov RI Miranda, Luisa/N-6353-2013 OI Miranda, Luisa/0000-0002-7553-6059 FU Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Student Career Experience Program FX We thank the Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Student Career Experience Program for their support of this research. The Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is a cooperative effort among the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks; Mississippi State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 170 EP 176 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CG2YG UT WOS:000353141400009 ER PT J AU Pegg, MA Pope, KL Powell, LA Turek, KC Spurgeon, JJ Stewart, NT Hogberg, NP Porath, MT AF Pegg, Mark A. Pope, Kevin L. Powell, Larkin A. Turek, Kelly C. Spurgeon, Jonathan J. Stewart, Nathaniel T. Hogberg, Nick P. Porath, Mark T. TI Reservoir Rehabilitations: Seeking the Fountain of Youth SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; THRESHOLDS; VALUATION; TRENDS; STATES AB Aging of reservoirs alters the functions, and associated services, of these systems through time. The goal of habitat rehabilitation is often to alter the trajectory of the aging process such that the duration of the desired state is prolonged. There are two important characteristics in alteration of the trajectory-the amplitude relative to current state and the subsequent rate of change, or aging-that ultimately determine the duration of extension for the desired state. Rehabilitation processes largely fall into three main categories: fish community manipulation, water quality manipulation, and physical habitat manipulation. We can slow aging of reservoirs through carefully implemented management actions, perhaps even turning back the hands of time, but we cannot stop aging. We call for new, innovative perspectives that incorporate an understanding of aging processes in all steps of rehabilitation of reservoirs, especially in planning and assessing. C1 [Pegg, Mark A.; Pope, Kevin L.; Powell, Larkin A.; Turek, Kelly C.; Spurgeon, Jonathan J.; Stewart, Nathaniel T.; Hogberg, Nick P.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Turek, Kelly C.; Stewart, Nathaniel T.] Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Porath, Mark T.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Div Fisheries, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Pegg, MA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 402 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mpegg2@unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CG2YG UT WOS:000353141400010 ER PT J AU VanLandeghem, MM Farooqi, M Southard, GM Patino, R AF VanLandeghem, Matthew M. Farooqi, Mukhtar Southard, Greg M. Patino, Reynaldo TI ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN WATER PHYSICOCHEMISTRY AND PRYMNESIUM PARVUM PRESENCE, ABUNDANCE, AND TOXICITY IN WEST TEXAS RESERVOIRS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE algae; aquatic ecology; harmful algal blooms; watershed management ID MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MULTIVARIATE DATA; BLOOM DEVELOPMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALGAL BLOOMS; EUTROPHICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; HAPTOPHYTE; SALINITY AB Toxic blooms of golden alga (Prymnesium parvum) have caused substantial ecological and economic harm in freshwater and marine systems throughout the world. In North America, toxic blooms have impacted freshwater systems including large reservoirs. Management of water chemistry is one proposed option for golden alga control in these systems. The main objective of this study was to assess physicochemical characteristics of water that influence golden alga presence, abundance, and toxicity in the Upper Colorado River basin (UCR) in Texas. The UCR contains reservoirs that have experienced repeated blooms and other reservoirs where golden alga is present but has not been toxic. We quantified golden alga abundance (hemocytometer counts), ichthyotoxicity (bioassay), and water chemistry (surface grab samples) at three impacted reservoirs on the Colorado River; two reference reservoirs on the Concho River; and three sites at the confluence of these rivers. Sampling occurred monthly from January 2010 to July 2011. Impacted sites were characterized by higher specific conductance, calcium and magnesium hardness, and fluoride than reference and confluence sites. At impacted sites, golden alga abundance and toxicity were positively associated with salinity-related variables and blooms peaked at similar to 10 degrees C and generally did not occur above 20 degrees C. Overall, these findings suggest management of land and water use to reduce hardness or salinity could produce unfavorable conditions for golden alga. C1 [VanLandeghem, Matthew M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [VanLandeghem, Matthew M.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 74909 USA. [Farooqi, Mukhtar; Southard, Greg M.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Inland Fisheries, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 74909 USA. RP VanLandeghem, MM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Agr Sci Room 218,15th & Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM matt.vanlandeghem@ttu.edu FU ATT Corporation; State Wildlife Grant from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [T-23]; Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Dr. D. Roelke provided critical comments on a draft manuscript. J. Ingle, C. Cruz, M. Scott, B. Farquhar, and S. Hamby (all TPWD) provided logistical and technical support, and C. Craig (TTU) provided laboratory assistance. The AT&T Corporation awarded a graduate scholarship to M.M.V. Funding for this study was provided by State Wildlife Grant T-23 from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Texas Tech University match funds to R.P. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 471 EP 486 DI 10.1111/jawr.12262 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CF8EX UT WOS:000352789900012 ER PT J AU VanLandeghem, MM Farooqi, M Southard, GM Patino, R AF VanLandeghem, Matthew M. Farooqi, Mukhtar Southard, Greg M. Patino, Reynaldo TI SPATIOTEMPORAL ASSOCIATIONS OF RESERVOIR NUTRIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND THE INVASIVE, HARMFUL ALGA PRYMNESIUM PARVUM IN WEST TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE algae; aquatic ecology; environmental impacts; nutrients ID MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MULTIVARIATE DATA; NITROGEN; BLOOMS; SALINITY; RIVER; LAKE AB Golden alga (Prymnesium parvum) is a harmful alga that has caused ecological and economic harm in freshwater and marine systems worldwide. In inland systems of North America, toxic blooms have nearly eliminated fish populations in some systems. Modifying nutrient profiles through alterations to land or water use may be a viable alternative for golden alga control in reservoirs. The main objective of this study was to improve our understanding of the nutrient dynamics that influence golden alga bloom formation and toxicity in west Texas reservoirs. We examined eight sites in the Upper Colorado River basin, Texas: three impacted reservoirs that have experienced repeated golden alga blooms; two reference reservoirs where golden alga is present but nontoxic; and three confluence sites downstream of the impacted and reference sites. Total, inorganic, and organic nitrogen and phosphorus and their ratios were quantified monthly along with golden alga abundance and ichthyotoxicity between December 2010 and July 2011. Blooms persisted for several months at the impacted sites, which were characterized by high organic nitrogen and low inorganic nitrogen. At impacted sites, abundance was positively associated with inorganic phosphorus and bloom termination coincided with increases in inorganic nitrogen and decreases in inorganic phosphorus in late spring. Management of both inorganic and organic forms of nutrients may create conditions in reservoirs unfavorable to golden alga. C1 [VanLandeghem, Matthew M.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [VanLandeghem, Matthew M.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 74909 USA. [Farooqi, Mukhtar; Southard, Greg M.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Inland Fisheries, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 74909 USA. RP VanLandeghem, MM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Agr Sci Room 218,15th & Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM matt.vanlandeghem@ttu.edu FU ATT Corporation; State Wildlife Grant from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [T-23]; Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Dr. D. Roelke provided critical comments on a draft manuscript. J. Ingle, C. Cruz, M. Scott, B. Farquhar, and S. Hamby (all TPWD) provided logistical and technical support and C. Craig (TTU) provided laboratory assistance. The AT&T Corporation awarded a graduate scholarship to M.M.V. Funding for this study was provided by State Wildlife Grant T-23 from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Texas Tech University match funds to R.P. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 487 EP 501 DI 10.1111/jawr.12261 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CF8EX UT WOS:000352789900013 ER PT J AU Jacques, CN Jenks, JA Grovenburg, TW Klaver, RW Dubay, SA AF Jacques, Christopher N. Jenks, Jonathan A. Grovenburg, Troy W. Klaver, Robert W. Dubay, Shelli A. TI INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGIC FACTORS ON PREVALENCE OF MENINGEAL WORM (PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS) INFECTION IN SOUTH DAKOTA, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Meningeal worm; northern Great Plains; Odocoileus virginianus; parasite; Parelaphostrongylus tenuis; South Dakota; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NEMATODA; METASTRONGYLOIDEA; DISEASE AB The meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) is a nematode parasite that commonly infects white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; WTD) throughout the deciduous forest biome and deciduous-coniferous ecotone of eastern and central North America; the species is not known to occur west of the grassland biome of central North America. We used county-specific prevalence data to evaluate potential effects of landscape and climatologic factors on the spatial distribution of meningeal worm infection in South Dakota, US. Probability of infection increased 4-fold between eastern and western South Dakota and 1.3-fold for each 1-cm increase in summer precipitation. Sixty-three percent of WTD had only a single worm in the cranium. Expansion of meningeal worm infection across western South Dakota may be inherently low due to the combined effects of arid climate and potential attributes of the Missouri River that limit regional movements by infected WTD. Use of landscape genetic analyses to identify potential relationships between landscape features and population genetic structure of infected deer and parasites may contribute to a greater understanding of regional heterogeneity in meningeal worm infection rates across South Dakota, particularly in counties adjacent to the Missouri River. Future research evaluating heterogeneity in prevalence and intensity of infection between fawn and yearling deer, and the potential role of yearling male deer as dispersal agents of meningeal worms across the Missouri River, also is warranted. C1 [Jacques, Christopher N.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Grovenburg, Troy W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, North Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dubay, Shelli A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Jacques, CN (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1 Univ Circle, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM cn-jacques@wiu.edu RI Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012; Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; South Dakota State University; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University FX Funding was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration administered by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks Study 7592, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, and South Dakota State University. We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University. We are grateful to K. Vacek, D. Moon, D. Knowlton, B. Meredith, M. Morlock, R. Shields, W. Skelton, J. Stafford, and A. Stokely for aiding in sample collection. We thank S. Busse and C. Anderson for assistance in acquiring climatologic data. We thank S. Meagher and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. We thank G. White for helpful discussions regarding statistical analyses. Any use of trade, firm, or product names isfor descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 332 EP 340 DI 10.7529/2014-06-148 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CF9XT UT WOS:000352921800004 PM 25588013 ER PT J AU Tripp, DW Rocke, TE Streich, SP Abbott, RC Osorio, JE Miller, MW AF Tripp, Daniel W. Rocke, Tonie E. Streich, Sean P. Abbott, Rachel C. Osorio, Jorge E. Miller, Michael W. TI APPARENT FIELD SAFETY OF A RACCOON POXVIRUS-VECTORED PLAGUE VACCINE IN FREE-RANGING PRAIRIE DOGS (CYNOMYS SPP.), COLORADO, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Black-tailed prairie dog; Cynomys gunnisoni; Gunnison's prairie dog; plague; raccoon pox; RCN-F1/V307; rhodamine B; vaccine ID CONSUMPTION; LUDOVICIANUS; BAITS; EPIZOOTICS AB Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) suffer high rates of mortality from plague. An oral sylvatic plague vaccine using the raccoon poxvirus vector (designated RCN-F1/V307) has been developed for prairie dogs. This vaccine is incorporated into palatable bait along with rhodamine B as a biomarker. We conducted trials in August and September 2012 to demonstrate uptake and apparent safety of the RCN-F1/V307 vaccine in two prairie dog species under field conditions. Free-ranging prairie dogs and other associated small rodents readily consumed vaccine-laden baits during field trials with no apparent adverse effects; most sampled prairie dogs (90%) and associated small rodents (78%) had consumed baits. Visual counts of prairie dogs and their burrows revealed no evidence of prairie dog decline after vaccine exposure. No vaccine-related morbidity, mortality, or gross or microscopic lesions were observed. Poxviruses were not isolated from any animal sampled prior to bait distribution or on sites that received placebo baits. We isolated RCN-F1/V307 from 17 prairie dogs and two deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) captured on sites where vaccine-laden baits were distributed. Based on these findings, studies examining the utility and effectiveness of oral vaccination to prevent plague-induced mortality in prairie dogs and associated species are underway. C1 [Tripp, Daniel W.; Streich, Sean P.; Miller, Michael W.] Colorado Div Pk & Wildlife, Wildlife Hlth Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Rocke, Tonie E.; Abbott, Rachel C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Tripp, DW (reprint author), Colorado Div Pk & Wildlife, Wildlife Hlth Program, 4330 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM dan.tripp@state.co.us OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife; Colorado's Species Conservation Trust Fund; USGS; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Our work was supported by Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Colorado's Species Conservation Trust Fund, USGS, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the City of Fort Collins, Natural Areas Program and Utilities Department, and the US Bureau of Land Management for access to field sites. Also, we thank T. Martyn, T. Tretten, M. Fisher, S. Singleton, S. Smith, J. Williamson, and J. Lopera-Pena for field or laboratory assistance. J. Tripp, A. Tschirley, and T. Apa provided helpful comments on earlier manuscript drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 401 EP 410 DI 10.7589/2014-02-051 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CF9XT UT WOS:000352921800011 PM 25588006 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, E Porter, RE Franson, JC AF Hofmeister, Erik Porter, Robert E. Franson, J. Christian TI EXPERIMENTAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WOOD DUCKS (AIX SPONSA) FOR WEST NILE VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Aix sponsa; duck; experimental infection; histopathology; West Nile virus; Wood Duck ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; DOMESTIC DUCKS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; CHICKENS; OUTBREAK; MORTALITY; BIRDS AB Detection of West Nile virus (WNV) has been reported in a variety of wild ducks in the US, but little is known about the pathogenesis and outcome of exposure of the disease in these species. Previous experimental studies of WNV in ducks either have challenged a small number of ducks with WNV or have tested domesticated ducks. To determine susceptibility and immune response, we challenged 7-wk-old Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) with a 1999 American Crow (Corpus brachyrhynchos) isolate of WNV. Wood Ducks were susceptible to infection with the virus, and, although clinical signs or mortality were not observed, microscopic lesions were noted, particularly in the heart and brain. West Nile virus viremia peaked on day 2 postinfection (pi) at 10(4.54)plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus/mL serum and WNV was shed orally (between 102 and 10(2.9)PFU per swab) and cloacally. Specific anti-WNV antibody response was rapid, with anti-WNV IgM detected on day 3 pi followed on day 5 pi by anti-WNV IgG. Neutralizing antibodies were detected by plaque-reduction neutralization assay in one duck on day 4 pi, and in all sampled ducks on day 5. These results indicate that Wood Ducks are susceptible to WNV, but it is unlikely that significant WNV mortality events occur in Wood Ducks or that they play a significant role in transmission. However, WNV viremia was sufficient, in theory, to infect mosquitoes, and oral and cloacal shedding of the virus may increase the risk of infection to other waterbirds. C1 [Hofmeister, Erik; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Porter, Robert E.] Univ Minnesota Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hofmeister, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM ehofmeister@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.7589/2014-08-216 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CF9XT UT WOS:000352921800012 PM 25588010 ER PT J AU Jara, RF Sepulveda, C Ip, HS Samuel, MD AF Jara, Rocio F. Sepulveda, Carolina Ip, Hon S. Samuel, Michael D. TI Total Protein Concentration and Diagnostic Test Results for Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Serum using Nobuto Filter Paper Strips SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anaplasrnosis; canine heartworm; Canis lupus; ehrlichiosis; Lyme disease; Nobuto filter paper strips; sera storage; SNAP (R) 4Dx (R) ID BLOOD; ANTIBODY; VIRUS AB Nobuto filter paper strips are widely used for storing blood-serum samples, but the recovery of proteins from these strips following rehydration is unknown. Poor recovery of proteins could reduce the concentration of antibodies and antigens and reduce the sensitivity of diagnostic assays. We compared the protein concentration, and its association with test sensitivity, of eluted Nobuto strip samples with paired sera. We collected and froze serum from five gray wolves (Canis lupus) for 8 mo. When thawed, we used a spectrophotometer (absorbance 280 nm) to determine the serum protein concentration for paired sera and Nobuto eluates for each animal in 2-fold serial dilutions. Total protein concentration was similar for both sample storage methods (Nobuto eluates and control sera), except for the undiluted samples in which Nobuto eluates had higher total protein concentrations. Both sample storage methods appear to produce similar results using the SNAP (R) 4Dx (R) Test to detect antibodies against pathogens causing Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis as well as antigen for canine heartworm disease. C1 [Jara, Rocio F.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sepulveda, Carolina] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; US Geological Survey; Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT); Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison FX We thank the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources who provided samples and funding. This research was also funded by the US Geological Survey and the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT), which provided a graduate fellowship. The Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, provided funds for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 475 EP 478 DI 10.7589/2013-07-185 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CF9XT UT WOS:000352921800019 PM 25574804 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE Antolin, MF Long, DH Huyvaert, KP Gage, KL AF Eads, David A. Biggins, Dean E. Antolin, Michael F. Long, Dustin H. Huyvaert, Kathryn P. Gage, Kenneth L. TI Prevalence of the Generalist Flea Pulex simulans on Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in New Mexico, USA: The Importance of Considering Imperfect Detection SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cynomys; flea; occupancy modeling; Oropsylla hirsuta; plague; Pulex simulans; vector; Yersinia pestis ID PLAGUE; ABUNDANCE AB If a parasite is not detected during a survey, one of two explanations is possible: the parasite was truly absent or it was present but not detected. We fit occupancy models to account for imperfect detection when combing fleas (Siphonaptera) from black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) during June August 2012 in the Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico, USA. With the use of detection histories from combing events during monthly trapping sessions, we fit occupancy models for two flea species: Oropsylla 1-drusta (a prairie dog specialist) and Pule% simulans (a generalist). Detection probability was <100% for both species and about 21% lower for P. simulans. Pulex simulans may be especially difficult to detect because it is about half the size of O. hirusta. Monthly occupancy (prevalence) for P. simulans was estimated at 24% (June, 95% confidence interval=19-30), 39% (July, 32-47), and 56% (August, 49-64) in new prairie dog colonies, and 43% (32-54), 61% (49-71), and 79% (70-87) in old colonies. These results suggest P. simulans can attain high prevalence on prairie dogs, especially in old colonies. If P. simulans is highly prevalent on prairie dogs, it may serve as a "bridge vector" between Cynomys and other mammalian hosts of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis, and even function as a reservoir of Y. pestis between outbreaks. C1 [Eads, David A.; Biggins, Dean E.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Eads, David A.; Antolin, Michael F.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Long, Dustin H.] Turner Endangered Species Fund, Cimarron, NM 87714 USA. [Huyvaert, Kathryn P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, 1878 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM David.Eads@colostate.edu FU US Geological Survey; Turner Endangered Species Fund; Turner Enterprises Incorporated; Colorado State University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Project [DEB 021763, 0823405]; National Science Foundation [1027319] FX Funding and logistical support were provided by the US Geological Survey, Turner Endangered Species Fund, Turner Enterprises Incorporated, Colorado State University, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Project (DEB 021763 and 0823405). This material is also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant 1027319. We thank S. Molina, J. Neill, and L. White for help with trapping prairie dogs, and H. Britten, three anonymous reviewers, and M. D. Samuel for constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2015 VL 51 IS 2 BP 498 EP 502 DI 10.7589/2014-07-178 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CF9XT UT WOS:000352921800024 PM 25588009 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Udevitz, MS Triggs, L Paschke, J Oland, L Jay, CV AF Noren, Shawn R. Udevitz, Mark S. Triggs, Lisa Paschke, Jessa Oland, Lisa Jay, Chadwick V. TI Identifying a reliable blubber measurement site to assess body condition in a marine mammal with topographically variable blubber, the Pacific walrus SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE walrus; Odobenus rosmarus; pinniped; blubber; fat; body condition; caloric intake; marine mammal; Arctic ID HYDROGEN-ISOTOPE-DILUTION; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; SEALS ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; HARBOR SEALS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; PHOCA-GROENLANDICA; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; HARP SEALS AB Pacific walruses may be unable to meet caloric requirements in the changing Arctic ecosystem, which could affect body condition and have population-level consequences. Body condition has historically been monitored by measuring blubber thickness over the xiphoid process (sternum). This may be an unreliable condition index because blubber at other sites along the body may be preferentially targeted to balance energetic demands. Animals in aquaria provided an opportunity for controlled study of how blubber topography is altered by caloric intake. Morphology, body mass, blubber thickness (21 sites), and caloric intake of five mature, nonpregnant, nonlactating female walruses were measured monthly (12 month minimum). Body condition (mass x standard length(-1)) was described by a model that included caloric intake and a seasonal effect, and scaled positively with estimates of total blubber mass. Blubber thicknesses (1.91-10.69 cm) varied topographically and were similar to values reported for free-ranging female walruses. Body condition was most closely related to blubber thickness measured dorsomedially in the region of the anterior insertion of the pectoral flippers (shoulders); sternum blubber thickness was a relatively poor indicator of condition. This study demonstrates the importance of validating condition metrics before using them to monitor free-ranging populations. C1 [Noren, Shawn R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Udevitz, Mark S.; Jay, Chadwick V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Triggs, Lisa] Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407 USA. [Paschke, Jessa] Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA. [Oland, Lisa] Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN 46222 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM snoren@ucsc.edu OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 658 EP 676 DI 10.1111/mms.12186 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CG6CK UT WOS:000353382900014 ER PT J AU Wolf, JC Baumgartner, WA Blazer, VS Camus, AC Engelhardt, JA Fournie, JW Frasca, S Groman, DB Kent, ML Khoo, LH Law, JM Lombardini, ED Ruehl-Fehlert, C Segner, HE Smith, SA Spitsbergen, JM Weber, K Wolfe, MJ AF Wolf, Jeffrey C. Baumgartner, Wes A. Blazer, Vicki S. Camus, Alvin C. Engelhardt, Jeffery A. Fournie, John W. Frasca, Salvatore, Jr. Groman, David B. Kent, Michael L. Khoo, Lester H. Law, Jerry M. Lombardini, Eric D. Ruehl-Fehlert, Christine Segner, Helmut E. Smith, Stephen A. Spitsbergen, Jan M. Weber, Klaus Wolfe, Marilyn J. TI Nonlesions, Misdiagnoses, Missed Diagnoses, and Other Interpretive Challenges in Fish Histopathology Studies: A Guide for Investigators, Authors, Reviewers, and Readers SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artifacts; diagnostic accuracy; fish histopathology; nonlesions; tissue fixation; misdiagnosis ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PATHOLOGY WORKING GROUP; RAINBOW-TROUT; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; NILE TILAPIA; TOXICITY; CRITERIA; LESIONS; SITE; GILLS AB Differentiating salient histopathologic changes from normal anatomic features or tissue artifacts can be decidedly challenging, especially for the novice fish pathologist. As a consequence, findings of questionable accuracy may be reported inadvertently, and the potential negative impacts of publishing inaccurate histopathologic interpretations are not always fully appreciated. The objectives of this article are to illustrate a number of specific morphologic findings in commonly examined fish tissues (e.g., gills, liver, kidney, and gonads) that are frequently either misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, and to address related issues involving the interpretation of histopathologic data. To enhance the utility of this article as a guide, photomicrographs of normal and abnormal specimens are presented. General recommendations for generating and publishing results from histopathology studies are additionally provided. It is hoped that the furnished information will be a useful resource for manuscript generation, by helping authors, reviewers, and readers to critically assess fish histopathologic data. C1 [Wolf, Jeffrey C.; Wolfe, Marilyn J.] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Sterling, VA USA. [Baumgartner, Wes A.] Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Populat Med, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Camus, Alvin C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Engelhardt, Jeffery A.] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Camarillo, CA USA. [Fournie, John W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Connecticut Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Storrs, CT USA. [Groman, David B.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Aquat Diagnost Serv, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Khoo, Lester H.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stoneville, MS USA. [Law, Jerry M.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Ecotoxicol, Raleigh, NC USA. [Lombardini, Eric D.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Vet Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Lombardini, Eric D.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Vet Med, Div Vet Med Res, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Ruehl-Fehlert, Christine] Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany. [Segner, Helmut E.] Univ Bern, Ctr Fish & Wildlife Hlth, Bern, Switzerland. [Smith, Stephen A.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Spitsbergen, Jan M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Fish Dis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Weber, Klaus] AnaPath GmbH, Oberbuchsiten, Switzerland. RP Wolf, JC (reprint author), 45600 Terminal Dr, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. EM jwolf@epl-inc.com NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 EI 1533-1601 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 43 IS 3 BP 297 EP 325 DI 10.1177/0192623314540229 PG 29 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA CG3AN UT WOS:000353148900001 PM 25112278 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI Who invented the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)? On the authorship of the fraudulent 1812 journal of Charles Le Raye SO ARCHIVES OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE captivity narrative; Constantine S. Rafinesque; Lewis and Clark expedition; Louisiana Territory AB The captivity journal of Charles Le Raye was first published in 1812 as a chapter in A topographical description of the state of Ohio, Indiana Territory, and Louisiana, a volume authored anonymously by "a late officer in the U. S. Army". Le Raye was purported to be a French Canadian fur trader who, as a captive of the Sioux, had travelled across broad portions of the Missouri and Yellowstone river drainages a few years before the Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806), and his account of the land, its people, and its natural resources was relied upon as a primary source by generations of natural historians, geographers, and ethnographers. Based directly on descriptions of animals in the published journal, the naturalist Constantine S. Rafinesque named seven new species of North American mammals, including what are currently recognized as the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and a Great Plains subspecies of white-tailed deer (O. virginianus macrourus). Unfortunately, Le Raye never existed, and historical, geographical, and ethnographical evidence indicates that the journal is fraudulent. Determining the author of this work is relevant to identifying the sources used to construct it, which may help us to understand the real animals upon which Rafinesque's species are based. Traditionally, authorship of the volume was attributed to Jervis Cutler, but his role in composing the fraudulent Le Raye journal has been called into question. In this paper, I present additional evidence supporting the hypothesis that Jervis Cutler bears primary responsibility for the Le Raye journal and that he had the background, opportunity, and potential motive to author it. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDINBURGH UNIV PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA THE TUN-HOLYROOD RD, 12 2F JACKSONS ENTRY, EDINBURGH EH8 8PJ, ENGLAND SN 0260-9541 EI 1755-6260 J9 ARCH NAT HIST JI Arch. Nat. Hist. PD APR PY 2015 VL 42 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.3366/anh.2015.0277 PG 12 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE9ND UT WOS:000352169800004 ER PT J AU Doll, AC Lanctot, RB Stricker, CA Yezerinac, SM Wunder, MB AF Doll, Andrew C. Lanctot, Richard B. Stricker, Craig A. Yezerinac, Stephen M. Wunder, Michael B. TI Improved arrival-date estimates of Arctic-breeding Dunlin (Calidris alpina arcticola) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE blood; carbon; diet-switch; geolocator; migration; shorebird; stable isotope; turnover ID DIET-TISSUE FRACTIONATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; TUNDRA ARTHROPODS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TURNOVER; DELTA-C-13; ECOLOGY; ALASKA AB The use of stable isotopes in animal ecology depends on accurate descriptions of isotope dynamics within individuals. The prevailing assumption that laboratory-derived isotopic parameters apply to free-living animals is largely untested. We used stable carbon isotopes (delta C-13) in whole blood from migratory Dunlin (Calidris alpina arcticola) to estimate an in situ turnover rate and individual diet-switch dates. Our in situ results indicated that turnover rates were higher in free-living birds, in comparison to the results of an experimental study on captive Dunlin and estimates derived from a theoretical allometric model. Diet-switch dates from all 3 methods were then used to estimate arrival dates to the Arctic; arrival dates calculated with the in situ turnover rate were later than those with the other turnover-rate estimates, substantially so in some cases. These later arrival dates matched dates when local snow conditions would have allowed Dunlin to settle, and agreed with anticipated arrival dates of Dunlin tracked with light-level geolocators. Our study presents a novel method for accurately estimating arrival dates for individuals of migratory species in which return dates are difficult to document. This may be particularly appropriate for species in which extrinsic tracking devices cannot easily be employed because of cost, body size, or behavioral constraints, and in habitats that do not allow individuals to be detected easily upon first arrival. Thus, this isotopic method offers an exciting alternative approach to better understand how species may be altering their arrival dates in response to changing climatic conditions. C1 [Doll, Andrew C.; Wunder, Michael B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Yezerinac, Stephen M.] Mt Allison Univ, Dept Biol, Sackville, NB E0A 3C0, Canada. RP Doll, AC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM acdoll@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences; Denver Museum of Nature Science; Lloyd David and Carlye Cannon Wattis Foundation FX Our work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, and the Lloyd David and Carlye Cannon Wattis Foundation. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2015 VL 132 IS 2 BP 408 EP 421 DI 10.1642/AUK-14-227.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CF3ZX UT WOS:000352489000010 ER PT J AU Boyce, AJ Freeman, BG Mitchell, AE Martin, TE AF Boyce, Andy J. Freeman, Benjamin G. Mitchell, Adam E. Martin, Thomas E. TI Clutch size declines with elevation in tropical birds SO AUK LA English DT Article DE clutch size; elevation; life history; PGLS; tropics; Borneo; Venezuela; New Guinea ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NEST PREDATION; PARENTAL CARE; GRADIENTS; ALTITUDE; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; TIME; FOOD; EGG AB Clutch size commonly decreases with increasing elevation among temperate-zone and subtropical songbird species. Tropical songbirds typically lay small clutches, thus the ability to evolve even smaller clutch sizes at higher elevations is unclear and untested. We conducted a comparative phylogenetic analysis using data gathered from the literature to test whether clutch size varied with elevation among forest passerines from three tropical biogeographic regions-the Venezuelan Andes and adjacent lowlands, Malaysian Borneo, and New Guinea. We found a significant negative effect of elevation on variation in clutch size among species. We found the same pattern using field data sampled across elevational gradients in Venezuela and Malaysian Borneo. Field data were not available for New Guinea. Both sets of results demonstrate that tropical montane species across disparate biogeographic realms lay smaller clutches than closely related low-elevation species. The environmental sources of selection underlying this pattern remain uncertain and merit further investigation. C1 [Boyce, Andy J.; Mitchell, Adam E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Freeman, Benjamin G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Freeman, Benjamin G.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Boyce, AJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM andrew1.boyce@umontana.edu; bgf27@cornell.edu OI Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [2011083591] FX Funding statement. Field work in Venezuela and Borneo was supported by National Science Foundation grants to T.E.M. (DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041). This material is also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 2011083591 to B.G.F. None of our funders had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript. None of our funders required approval of the final manuscript to be published. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2015 VL 132 IS 2 BP 424 EP 432 DI 10.1642/AUK-14-150.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CF3ZX UT WOS:000352489000012 ER PT J AU Houlahan, JE Mckinney, ST Rochette, R AF Houlahan, Jeff E. Mckinney, Shawn T. Rochette, Remy TI On Theory in Ecology: Another Perspective SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Houlahan, Jeff E.; Rochette, Remy] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Mckinney, Shawn T.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. [Mckinney, Shawn T.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME USA. RP Houlahan, JE (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. EM jeffhoul@unb.ca NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2015 VL 65 IS 4 BP 341 EP 342 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv014 PG 3 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CF6ET UT WOS:000352650400003 ER PT J AU Wohl, E Bledsoe, BP Jacobson, RB Poff, NL Rathburn, SL Walters, DM Wilcox, AC AF Wohl, Ellen Bledsoe, Brian P. Jacobson, Robert B. Poff, N. Leroy Rathburn, Sara L. Walters, David M. Wilcox, Andrew C. TI The Natural Sediment Regime in Rivers: Broadening the Foundation for Ecosystem Management SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sediment; adaptive management; river restoration; sediment balance ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; FLOW REGIME; DRYLAND RIVER; AMAZON RIVER; FLOODPLAIN; DISTURBANCE; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; STREAMS; RESTORATION AB Water and sediment inputs are fundamental drivers of river ecosystems, but river management tends to emphasize flow regime at the expense of sediment regime. In an effort to frame a more inclusive paradigm for river management, we discuss sediment inputs, transport, and storage within river systems; interactions among water, sediment, and valley context; and the need to broaden the natural flow regime concept. Explicitly incorporating sediment is challenging, because sediment is supplied, transported, and stored by nonlinear and episodic processes operating at different temporal and spatial scales than water and because sediment regimes have been highly altered by humans. Nevertheless, managing for a desired balance between sediment supply and transport capacity is not only tractable, given current geomorphic process knowledge, but also essential because of the importance of sediment regimes to aquatic and riparian ecosystems, the physical template of which depends on sediment-driven river structure and function. C1 [Wohl, Ellen; Rathburn, Sara L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bledsoe, Brian P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. Leroy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Wilcox, Andrew C.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Wohl, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ellen.wohl@colostate.edu OI Wilcox, Andrew C./0000-0002-6241-8977 NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 68 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2015 VL 65 IS 4 BP 358 EP 371 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv002 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CF6ET UT WOS:000352650400008 ER PT J AU Worker, SB Kielland, K Barboza, PS AF Worker, S. B. Kielland, K. Barboza, P. S. TI Effects of geophagy on food intake, body mass, and nutrient dynamics of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geophagy; Lepus americanus; mineral lick; plant secondary metabolites; salt lick; snowshoe hare; sodium ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; RANGIFER-TARANDUS; SOIL INGESTION; NATIONAL-PARK; LICK SOILS; MAMMALS; RABBITS; ALASKA; WINTER; DETOXIFICATION AB Geophagy is thought to have several physiological benefits to animals, including mineral supplementation and adsorption of toxins. However, these benefits have rarely been demonstrated experimentally. Using soil from a known lick in northern Alaska, we investigated the effect of geophagy on food intake and mass loss in captive snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) fed a formulated ration of feltleaf willow leaves (Salix alaxensis (Andersson) Coville), a preferred forage of snowshoe hares. Lick soil contained 4.8% clay, 12.5% carbonates, and had more available Na (72.7 mg.kg(-1)) than willow leaves. Hares fed willow leaves consumed more soil (15.2 +/- 2.0 g.kg(-0.75).d(-1)) than those fed formulated ration (9.3 +/- 1.3 g.kg(-0.75).d(-1)). Hares had higher willow intake when offered soil (45.8 +/- 2.0 g.kg(-0.75).d(-1)) than those without soil (35.0 +/- 2.1 g.kg(-0.75).d(-1)), and willow-fed hares offered soil lost less body mass (P < 0.001) than those without soil. Soil availability resulted in higher digestible intakes of N, Ca, Mg, Na, and K, but not P. These results suggest that the availability of mineral licks may alter forage use and functional response of this generalist herbivore in interior Alaska. C1 [Worker, S. B.; Kielland, K.; Barboza, P. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Worker, S. B.; Kielland, K.; Barboza, P. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Worker, SB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM sbworker@alaska.edu FU UAF Long-Term Ecological Research; National Park Service FX K. Olson provided assistance with forage collection, animal care, and sample analysis. L. Oliver assisted with sample analysis. Funding for this project was provided by UAF Long-Term Ecological Research and the National Park Service. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD APR PY 2015 VL 93 IS 4 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0237 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF0EZ UT WOS:000352216900010 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB Caldwel, RR Galloway, JM Valder, JF Hunt, AG AF McMahon, P. B. Caldwel, R. R. Galloway, J. M. Valder, J. F. Hunt, A. G. TI Quality and Age of Shallow Groundwater in the Bakken Formation Production Area, Williston Basin, Montana and North Dakota SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID MANTLE HELIUM FLUXES; RADIOGENIC HELIUM; GAS EXTRACTION; WATER-QUALITY; AQUIFERS; METHANE; ORIGIN; FLOW; CONTAMINATION; PENNSYLVANIA AB The quality and age of shallow groundwater in the Bakken Formation production area were characterized using data from 30 randomly distributed domestic wells screened in the upper Fort Union Formation. Comparison of inorganic and organic chemical concentrations to health based drinking-water standards, correlation analysis of concentrations with oil and gas well locations, and isotopic data give no indication that energy-development activities affected groundwater quality. It is important, however, to consider these results in the context of groundwater age. Most samples were recharged before the early 1950s and had C-14 ages ranging from <1000 to >30,000 years. Thus, domestic wells may not be as well suited for detecting contamination associated with recent surface spills as shallower wells screened near the water table. Old groundwater could be contaminated directly by recent subsurface leaks from imperfectly cemented oil and gas wells, but horizontal groundwater velocities calculated from C-14 ages imply that the contaminants would still be less than 0.5 km from their source. For the wells sampled in this study, the median distance to the nearest oil and gas well was 4.6 km. Because of the slow velocities, a long-term commitment to groundwater monitoring in the upper Fort Union Formation is needed to assess the effects of energy development on groundwater quality. In conjunction with that effort, monitoring could be done closer to energy-development activities to increase the likelihood of early detection of groundwater contamination if it did occur. C1 [McMahon, P. B.; Hunt, A. G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Caldwel, R. R.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. [Galloway, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND USA. [Valder, J. F.] US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program FX The authors wish to thank the well owners who allowed us to sample their wells. The article was improved by the constructive reviews of William Kappel, Joanna Thamke, and anonymous reviewers for the journal. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD APR PY 2015 VL 53 SU 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1111/gwat.12296 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CF7DE UT WOS:000352715600009 PM 25392910 ER PT J AU Wirgin, I Maceda, L Grunwald, C King, TL AF Wirgin, I. Maceda, L. Grunwald, C. King, T. L. TI Population origin of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus by-catch in US Atlantic coast fisheries SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endangered species; mixed-stock analysis; assignment testing; microsatellite DNA; mitochondrial DNA AB Microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA control-region sequence analyses were used to determine the population and distinct population segment (DPS) origin of 173 Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus encountered from the Gulf of Maine to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Observer Program. It was found that the Hudson River was by far the greatest contributor to this coastal by-catch, with 422-463% of specimens originating there. Generally, specimens represented the geographic province of the river in which they were spawned, but some specimens, particularly those originating in the South Atlantic DPS, moved to great distances. Genetic mixed-stock analyses provide an accurate approach to determine the DPS and population origin of A. o. oxyrinchus by-catch in coastal waters, but most informative management requires that these results be partitioned by locale, season, target fishery and gear type. (C) 2015 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Wirgin, I.; Maceda, L.; Grunwald, C.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [King, T. L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM isaac.wirgin@nyumc.org FU New York Sea Grant [R/SG-20]; Protected Resources Division of NOAA FX All the observers who provided tissue samples for our analyses, C. Lemire and K. B. McArdle of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center of NOAA who coordinated their efforts and J. Carter of the NOS Marine Forensics Branch who archived and shipped samples are thanked. The support of New York Sea Grant (Grant R/SG-20), the Protected Resources Division of NOAA, and use of the Molecular Facility Core of the NYU NIEHS Center ES000260 are acknowledged. J. R. Waldman is thanked for commenting on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1270 DI 10.1111/jfb.12631 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CF4XR UT WOS:000352558000002 PM 25727098 ER PT J AU Mahoney, K Ralph, FM Wolter, K Doesken, N Dettinger, M Gottas, D Coleman, T White, A AF Mahoney, Kelly Ralph, F. Martin Wolter, Klaus Doesken, Nolan Dettinger, Michael Gottas, Daniel Coleman, Timothy White, Allen TI Climatology of Extreme Daily Precipitation in Colorado and Its Diverse Spatial and Seasonal Variability SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Complex terrain; Climatology; Hydrometeorology; Mountain meteorology; Planning; Regional effects ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INLAND PENETRATION; ATMOSPHERIC RIVER; FLASH-FLOOD; RAIN EVENTS; LANDFALL; SCALE AB The climatology of Colorado's historical extreme precipitation events shows a remarkable degree of seasonal and regional variability. Analysis of the largest historical daily precipitation totals at COOP stations across Colorado by season indicates that the largest recorded daily precipitation totals have ranged from less than 60 mm day(-1) in some areas to more than 250 mm day(-1) in others. East of the Continental Divide, winter events are rarely among the top 10 events at a given site, but spring events dominate in and near the foothills; summer events are most common across the lower-elevation eastern plains, while fall events are most typical for the lower elevations west of the Divide. The seasonal signal in Colorado's central mountains is complex; high-elevation intense precipitation events have occurred in all months of the year, including summer, when precipitation is more likely to be liquid (as opposed to snow), which poses more of an instantaneous flood risk. Notably, the historic Colorado Front Range daily rainfall totals that contributed to the damaging floods in September 2013 occurred outside of that region's typical season for most extreme precipitation (spring-summer). That event and many others highlight the fact that extreme precipitation in Colorado has occurred historically during all seasons and at all elevations, emphasizing a year-round statewide risk. C1 [Mahoney, Kelly; Wolter, Klaus; Coleman, Timothy] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Doesken, Nolan] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gottas, Daniel; White, Allen] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mahoney, K (reprint author), CIRES, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kelly.mahoney@noaa.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation FX We thank the Bureau of Reclamation for their scientific interest and support for this project. Jon Eischeid created Fig. 6 in this paper, and Zach Schwalbe (Colorado State University/CoCoRaHS) assisted with checking specific event data. We also very much appreciate the comments and suggestions of Dr. John England (Bureau of Reclamation), as well as two anonymous reviewers, which have significantly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 2 BP 781 EP 792 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0112.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF7KM UT WOS:000352735100020 ER PT J AU Blockley, SPE Edwards, KJ Schofield, JE Pyne-O'Donnell, SDF Jensen, BJL Matthews, IP Cook, GT Wallace, KL Froese, D AF Blockley, Simon P. E. Edwards, Kevin J. Schofield, J. Edward Pyne-O'Donnell, Sean D. F. Jensen, Britta J. L. Matthews, Ian P. Cook, Gordon T. Wallace, Kristi L. Froese, Duane TI First evidence of cryptotephra in palaeoenvironmental records associated with Norse occupation sites in Greenland SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Greenland; Norse; Tephra; Palynology; Radiocarbon ID CARBON-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; VOLCANIC ASH LAYERS; EASTERN SETTLEMENT; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; SOUTH GREENLAND; TEPHRA HORIZONS; FAROE-ISLANDS; ICE CORE; HOLOCENE; ICELAND AB The Norse/Viking occupation of Greenland is part of a dispersal of communities across the North Atlantic coincident with the supposed Medieval Warm Period of the late 1st millennium AD. The abandonment of the Greenland settlements has been linked to climatic deterioration in the Little Ice Age as well as other possible explanations. There are significant dating uncertainties over the time of European abandonment of Greenland and the potential influence of climatic deterioration. Dating issues largely revolve around radiocarbon chronologies for Norse settlements and associated mire sequences close to settlement sites. Here we show the potential for moving this situation forward by a combination of palynological, radiocarbon and cryptotephra analyses of environmental records close to three 'iconic' Norse sites in the former Eastern Settlement of Greenland - Herjolfsnes, Hvalsey and Garoar (the modern Igaliku). While much work remains to be undertaken, our results show that palynological evidence can provide a useful marker for both the onset and end of Norse occupation in the region, while the radiocarbon chronologies for these sequences remain difficult. Significantly, we here demonstrate the potential for cryptotephra to become a useful tool in resolving the chronology of Norse occupation, when coupled with palynology. For the first time, we show that cryptotephra are present within palaeoenvironmental sequences located within or close to Norse settlement ruin-groups, with tephra horizons detected at all three sites. While shard concentrations were small at Herjolfsnes, concentrations sufficient for geochemical analyses were detected at Igaliku and Hvalsey. WDS-EPMA analyses of these tephra indicate that, unlike the predominantly Icelandic tephra sources reported in the Greenland ice core records, the tephra associated with the Norse sites correlate more closely with volcanic centres in the Aleutians and Cascades. Recent investigations of cryptotephra dispersal from North American centres, along with our new findings, point to the potential for cryptotephra to facilitate hypothesis testing, providing a key chronological tool for refining the timing of Norse activities in Greenland (e.g. abandonment) and of environmental contexts and drivers (e.g. climate forcing). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Blockley, Simon P. E.; Matthews, Ian P.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Geog, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Edwards, Kevin J.; Schofield, J. Edward] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Dept Geog & Environm, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. [Edwards, Kevin J.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Dept Archaeol, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. [Pyne-O'Donnell, Sean D. F.; Jensen, Britta J. L.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Geog Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Jensen, Britta J. L.; Froese, Duane] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Cook, Gordon T.] Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, SUERC Radiocarbon Dating Lab, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. [Wallace, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Blockley, SPE (reprint author), Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Geog, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. EM simon.blockley@rhul.ac.uk OI Jensen, Britta/0000-0001-9134-7170 FU Leverhulme Trust [F/00 152/Q]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The Leverhulme Trust (F/00 152/Q) are thanked for the funding of fieldwork. Paul Buck land, Eva Panagiotakopulu and Andy McMullen assisted with the collection of samples, Fiona Thompson with palynology at Igaliku, and Alison Sandison with artwork. Support to DF and BJ is provided by grants from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We are also very grateful for the useful comments and advice of an anonymous referee. NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 EI 1878-0350 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 27 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2015.02.023 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CG2BQ UT WOS:000353080300012 ER PT J AU Lowenstern, JB AF Lowenstern, Jacob B. TI Bursting the bubble of melt inclusions SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE Melt inclusion; glass inclusion; bubble; volatile; CO2 ID CO2; H2O AB Most silicate melt inclusions (MI) contain bubbles, whose significance has been alternately calculated, pondered, and ignored, but rarely if ever directly explored. Moore et al. (2015) analyze the bubbles, as well as their host glasses, and conclude that they often hold the preponderance of CO2 in the MI. Their findings entreat future researchers to account for the presence of bubbles in MI when calculating volatile budgets, saturation pressures, and eruptive flux. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lowenstern, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlwnstrn@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2015 VL 100 IS 4 BP 672 EP 673 DI 10.2138/am-2015-5254 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA CE9PK UT WOS:000352175700003 ER PT J AU Neill, OK Larsen, JF Izbekov, PE Nye, CJ AF Neill, Owen K. Larsen, Jessica F. Izbekov, Pavel E. Nye, Christopher J. TI Pre-eruptive magma mixing and crystal transfer revealed by phenocryst and microlite compositions in basaltic andesite from the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Island volcano SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Kasatochi; Aleutian volcanism; magma mixing; plagioclase; microlites ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; MOUNT PELEE MARTINIQUE; DECOMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRAINTS; DRIVEN CRYSTALLIZATION; LESSER-ANTILLES; OXYGEN FUGACITY; PHASE-RELATIONS; WESTERN MEXICO AB The August 7-8, 2008, eruption of Kasatochi Island volcano, located in the central Aleutians Islands, Alaska, produced abundant, compositionally heterogeneous basaltic andesite (52-55 wt% SiO2) that has been interpreted to result from pre-eruptive magma mixing. The basaltic andesite contains two populations of plagioclase phenocrysts. The first, volumetrically dominant population consists of oscillatory-zoned phenocrysts with an overall normal zonation trend toward comparatively sodic rims (An(55-65)), interrupted by dissolution features and spikes in calcium content (up to similar to An(85)). The second population consists of phenocrysts with highly calcic compositions (similar to An(90)). These phenocrysts contain sharp decreases in calcium content close to their rims (reaching as low as similar to An(60)), but are otherwise texturally and compositionally homogeneous. Groundmass plagioclase microlites are generally much more calcic than rims of the first phenocryst population, with more than 50% of measured microlites containing >An(80). Major, minor, and trace element concentrations of plagioclase microlites and phenocrysts indicate that oscillatory-zoned phenocrysts derived from cooler (800-950 degrees C), more silicic mixing magma, while unzoned, calcic phenocrysts were associated with hotter (900-1050 degrees C), mafic magma. The mixing of these magmas just prior to eruption, followed by decompression during the eruption itself created high effective undercoolings in the mafic end-member, and lead to the nucleation of high-An microlites. MgO and FeO concentrations of plagioclase microlites and high-An phenocryst rims (up to similar to 0.4 and similar to 1.3 wt%, respectively) provide further evidence for high mixing- and eruption-induced effective undercoolings. C1 [Neill, Owen K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Peter Hooper GeoAnalyt Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Larsen, Jessica F.; Izbekov, Pavel E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nye, Christopher J.] Alaska Volcano Observ, State Alaska, Div Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Neill, OK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Peter Hooper GeoAnalyt Lab, POB 642812, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM owen.neill@wsu.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [923]; USGS American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Award [G10AC0028] FX Fieldwork for this study was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and by the North Pacific Research Board Project No. 923. Analytical work was supported by USGS American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Award G10AC0028 to S. McNutt of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, by the UAF Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory, by a Jack Kleinman Grant for Volcano Research from the Community Foundation of Southwest Washington, and by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program through the Alaska Volcano Observatory, a cooperative program of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the Alaska Department of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, and the USGS. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2015 VL 100 IS 4 BP 722 EP 737 DI 10.2138/am-2015-4967 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA CE9PK UT WOS:000352175700008 ER PT J AU Walsh, CJ Butawan, M Yordy, J Ball, R Flewelling, L de Wit, M Bonde, RK AF Walsh, Catherine J. Butawan, Matthew Yordy, Jennifer Ball, Ray Flewelling, Leanne de Wit, Martine Bonde, Robert K. TI Sublethal red tide toxin exposure in free-ranging manatees (Trichechus manatus) affects the immune system through reduced lymphocyte proliferation responses, inflammation, and oxidative stress SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Florida manatee; Red tide; Immune function; Brevetoxin; Oxidative stress ID KARENIA-BREVIS BLOOMS; FLORIDA MANATEE; SEA-TURTLES; INHALATION TOXICITY; BREVETOXIN EXPOSURE; LATIROSTRIS; RATS; FEATURES; ANIMALS; INNATE AB The health of many Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is adversely affected by exposure to blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. K. brevis blooms are common in manatee habitats of Florida's southwestern coast and produce a group of cyclic polyether toxins collectively referred to as red tide toxins, or brevetoxins. Although a large number of manatees exposed to significant levels of red tide toxins die, several manatees are rescued from sublethal exposure and are successfully treated and returned to the wild. Sublethal brevetoxin exposure may potentially impact the manatee immune system. Lymphocyte proliferative responses and a suite of immune function parameters in the plasma were used to evaluate effects of brevetoxin exposure on health of manatees rescued from natural exposure to red tide toxins in their habitat. Blood samples were collected from rescued manatees at Lowry Park Zoo in Tampa, FL and from healthy, unexposed manatees in Crystal River, FL Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) isolated from whole blood were stimulated with T-cell mitogens, ConA and PHA. A suite of plasma parameters, including plasma protein electrophoresis profiles, lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen (ROS/RNS) species, was also used to assess manatee health. Significant decreases (p < 0.05) in lymphocyte proliferation were observed in ConA and PHA stimulated lymphocytes from rescued animals compared to non-exposed animals. Significant correlations were observed between oxidative stress markers (SOD, ROS/RNS) and plasma brevetoxin concentrations. Sublethal exposure to brevetoxins in the wild impacts some immune function components, and thus, overall health, in the Florida manatee. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Walsh, Catherine J.; Butawan, Matthew; Yordy, Jennifer] Mote Marine Lab, Marine Immunol Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Ball, Ray] Lowry Pk Zoo, Tampa, FL 33604 USA. [Flewelling, Leanne; de Wit, Martine] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Walsh, CJ (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM cjwalsh@mote.org; mattbutawan@outlook.com; jennifer.e.balmer@gmail.com; Ray.Ball@lowryparkzoo.com; Leanne.Flewelling@MyFWC.com; Martine.deWit@MyFWC.com; rbonde@usgs.gov OI Butawan, Matthew/0000-0003-0065-738X; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU CCSCOR Event Response Program; Mote Marine Laboratory; National Science Foundation REU Grant [1156580] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the CCSCOR Event Response Program, National Science Foundation REU Grant #1156580, and Mote Marine Laboratory. The authors would also like to acknowledge the technical assistance of Courtney Bennett and Alice Chou. The authors would like to acknowledge Mote Marine Laboratory for use of facilities. Sample collection from manatee rescues and captures was made possible through the tremendous efforts of staff and volunteers from FWC, USGS, UF, FWS, and Lowry Park Zoo. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 161 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.019 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA CE9QC UT WOS:000352177500009 PM 25678466 ER PT J AU Field, EH Biasi, GP Bird, P Dawson, TE Felzer, KR Jackson, DD Johnson, KM Jordan, TH Madden, C Michael, AJ Milner, KR Page, MT Parsons, T Powers, PM Shaw, BE Thatcher, WR Weldon, RJ Zeng, YH AF Field, Edward H. Biasi, Glenn P. Bird, Peter Dawson, Timothy E. Felzer, Karen R. Jackson, David D. Johnson, Kaj M. Jordan, Thomas H. Madden, Christopher Michael, Andrew J. Milner, Kevin R. Page, Morgan T. Parsons, Tom Powers, Peter M. Shaw, Bruce E. Thatcher, Wayne R. Weldon, Ray J., II Zeng, Yuehua TI Long-Term Time-Dependent Probabilities for the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MODEL; SYSTEM; STATE AB The 2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP 2014) presents time-dependent earthquake probabilities for the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3). Building on the UCERF3 time-independent model published previously, renewal models are utilized to represent elastic-rebound-implied probabilities. A new methodology has been developed that solves applicability issues in the previous approach for unsegmented models. The new methodology also supports magnitude-dependent aperiodicity and accounts for the historic open interval on faults that lack a date-of-last-event constraint. Epistemic uncertainties are represented with a logic tree, producing 5760 different forecasts. Results for a variety of evaluation metrics are presented, including logic-tree sensitivity analyses and comparisons to the previous model (UCERF2). For 30 yr M >= 6.7 probabilities, the most significant changes from UCERF2 are a threefold increase on the Calaveras fault and a threefold decrease on the San Jacinto fault. Such changes are due mostly to differences in the time-independent models (e.g., fault-slip rates), with relaxation of segmentation and inclusion of multifault ruptures being particularly influential. In fact, some UCERF2 faults were simply too long to produce M 6.7 size events given the segmentation assumptions in that study. Probability model differences are also influential, with the implied gains (relative to a Poisson model) being generally higher in UCERF3. Accounting for the historic open interval is one reason. Another is an effective 27% increase in the total elastic-rebound-model weight. The exact factors influencing differences between UCERF2 and UCERF3, as well as the relative importance of logic-tree branches, vary throughout the region and depend on the evaluation metric of interest. For example, M >= 6.7 probabilities may not be a good proxy for other hazard or loss measures. This sensitivity, coupled with the approximate nature of the model and known limitations, means the applicability of UCERF3 should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. C1 [Field, Edward H.; Powers, Peter M.; Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Biasi, Glenn P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bird, Peter; Jackson, David D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dawson, Timothy E.] Calif Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Felzer, Karen R.; Page, Morgan T.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Johnson, Kaj M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Jordan, Thomas H.; Milner, Kevin R.] Univ So Calif, Southern Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Madden, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Michael, Andrew J.; Parsons, Tom; Thatcher, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shaw, Bruce E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Weldon, Ray J., II] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010; OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019; Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 FU California Earthquake Authority; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); California Geological Survey; SCEC; National Science Foundation [EAR-1033462]; USGS [G12AC20038] FX We are very grateful for the thoughtful and helpful reviews provided by our participatory Scientific Review Panel, chaired by William Ellsworth, and with the following other participants: Duncan Agnew, Ramon Arrowsmith, Yehuda Ben-Zion, Greg Beroza, Mike Blanpied, James Dieterich, Arthur Frankel, Sue Hough, Warner Marzocchi, Hamid Haddadi, Rick Schoenberg, and David Schwartz. This article also benefited greatly from extensive comments provided by two anonymous BSSA reviewers. Our Management Oversight Committee (Thomas Jordan [Chair], Tom Brocher, Jill McCarthy, and Chris Wills) helped with project guidance and requisite resources, and Tran Huynh and John McRaney provided logistics and subcontracting assistance. The Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Community Modeling Environment, University of Southern California Center for High-Performance Computing and Communications, and the Texas Advanced Computing Center provided access to the high-performance computing. This study was sponsored by the California Earthquake Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the California Geological Survey, and the SCEC. SCEC is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and by the USGS under Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC Contribution Number for this paper is 2066. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2015 VL 105 IS 2A BP 511 EP 543 DI 10.1785/0120140093 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE7AO UT WOS:000351989600002 ER PT J AU Field, EH AF Field, Edward H. TI Computing Elastic-Rebound-Motivated Earthquake Probabilities in Unsegmented Fault Models: A New Methodology Supported by Physics-Based Simulators SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; VIRTUAL CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE FORECAST AB A methodology is presented for computing elastic-rebound-based probabilities in an unsegmented fault or fault system, which involves computing along-fault averages of renewal-model parameters. The approach is less biased and more self-consistent than a logical extension of that applied most recently for multisegment ruptures in California. It also enables the application of magnitude-dependent aperiodicity values, which the previous approach does not. Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze long-term system behavior, which is generally found to be consistent with that of physics-based earthquake simulators. Results cast doubt that recurrence-interval distributions at points on faults look anything like traditionally applied renewal models, a fact that should be considered when interpreting paleoseismic data. We avoid such assumptions by changing the "probability of what" question (from offset at a point to the occurrence of a rupture, assuming it is the next event to occur). The new methodology is simple, although not perfect in terms of recovering long-term rates in Monte Carlo simulations. It represents a reasonable, improved way to represent first-order elastic-rebound predictability, assuming it is there in the first place, and for a system that clearly exhibits other unmodeled complexities, such as aftershock triggering. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. FU California Earthquake Authority; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); California Geological Survey; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation [EAR-1033462]; USGS [G12AC20038] FX This study was conducted during the development of UCERF3, which was sponsored by the California Earthquake Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the California Geological Survey, and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). The latter is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and by the USGS under Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC contribution number for this article is 2065. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2015 VL 105 IS 2A BP 544 EP 559 DI 10.1785/0120140094 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE7AO UT WOS:000351989600003 ER PT J AU Casale, G Pratt, TL AF Casale, Gabriele Pratt, Thomas L. TI Thin- or Thick-Skinned Faulting in the Yakima Fold and Thrust Belt (WA)? Constraints from Kinematic Modeling of the Saddle Mountains Anticline SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; CENTRAL CASCADES; WRINKLE RIDGES; CREEK FAULT; MARS; TECTONICS; GEOMETRY; STRATIGRAPHY; EXPLORATION AB The Yakima fold and thrust belt (YFTB) deforms the Columbia River Basalt Group flows of Washington State. The YFTB fault geometries and slip rates are crucial parameters for seismic-hazard assessments of nearby dams and nuclear facilities, yet there are competing models for the subsurface fault geometry involving shallowly rooted versus deeply rooted fault systems. The YFTB is also thought to be analogous to the evenly spaced wrinkle ridges found on other terrestrial planets. Using seismic reflection data, borehole logs, and surface geologic data, we tested two proposed kinematic end-member thick- and thin-skinned fault models beneath the Saddle Mountains anticline of the YFTB. Observed subsurface geometry can be produced by 600-800 m of heave along a single listric-reverse fault or similar to 3.5 km of slip along two superposed low-angle thrust faults. Both models require decollement slip between 7 and 9 km depth, resulting in greater fault areas than sometimes assumed in hazard assessments. Both models require initial slip much earlier than previously thought and may provide insight into the subsurface geometry of analogous comparisons to wrinkle ridges observed on other planets. C1 [Casale, Gabriele] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pratt, Thomas L.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Casale, G (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, ASU Box 32067, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM casalegm@appstate.edu; tpratt@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2015 VL 105 IS 2A BP 745 EP 752 DI 10.1785/0120140050 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE7AO UT WOS:000351989600018 ER PT J AU Chen, T Akciz, SO Hudnut, KW Zhang, DZ Stock, JM AF Chen, T. Akciz, S. O. Hudnut, K. W. Zhang, D. Z. Stock, J. M. TI Fault-Slip Distribution of the 1999 M-w 7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, California, Estimated from Postearthquake Airborne LiDAR Data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC-HAZARD ANALYSIS; SURFACE RUPTURE; DIFFERENTIAL LIDAR; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION; SURFICIAL SLIP; MOJAVE DESERT; DISPLACEMENT; DARFIELD; CHINA; ZONE AB The 16 October 1999 Hector Mine earthquake (M-w 7.1) was the first large earthquake for which postearthquake airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were collected to image the fault surface rupture. In this work, we present measurements of both vertical and horizontal slip along the entire surface rupture of this earthquake based on airborne LiDAR data acquired in April 2000. We examine the details of the along-fault slip distribution of this earthquake based on 255 horizontal and 85 vertical displacements using a 0.5 m digital elevation model derived from the LiDAR imagery. The slip measurements based on the LiDAR dataset are highest in the epicentral region, and taper in both directions, consistent with earlier findings by other works. The maximum dextral displacement measured from LiDAR imagery is 6.60 +/- 1.10 m, located about 700 m south of the highest field measurement (5.25 +/- 0.85 m). Our results also illustrate the difficulty in resolving displacements smaller than 1 m using LiDAR imagery alone. We analyze slip variation to see if it is affected by rock type and whether variations are statistically significant. This study demonstrates that a postearthquake airborne LiDAR survey can produce an along-fault horizontal and vertical offset distribution plot of a quality comparable to a reconnaissance field survey. Although LiDAR data can provide a higher sampling density and enable rapid data analysis for documenting slip distributions, we find that, relative to field methods, it has a limited ability to resolve slip that is distributed over several fault strands across a zone. We recommend a combined approach that merges field observation with LiDAR analysis, so that the best attributes of both quantitative topographic and geological insight are utilized in concert to make best estimates of offsets and their uncertainties. C1 [Chen, T.] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Akciz, S. O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hudnut, K. W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Zhang, D. Z.; Stock, J. M.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chen, T (reprint author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Yard 1, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM chent@cea.gov.cn RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Zhang, Dongzhou/D-9604-2017 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Zhang, Dongzhou/0000-0002-6679-892X FU Public Service Funds for earthquake studies [201308012]; Fundamental Research Funds in the Institute of Geology [IGCEA1125]; China Scholarship Council [2010419008]; Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project of the USGS; National Science Foundation [EAR-1033462]; USGS [G12AC20038] FX This research was supported by Public Service Funds for earthquake studies (201308012) and Fundamental Research Funds in the Institute of Geology (IGCEA1125). Tao Chen was sponsored as a visiting scholar to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) by the China Scholarship Council (Grant Number 2010419008). Work by D. Z. Zhang was supported, in part, by the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project of the USGS. Jing Liu-Zeng and Kate Scharer helped us to improve the manuscript. We thank Katherine Kendrick for providing the database of field measurements from the original postearthquake observations of Treiman et al. (2002). We also thank an anonymous reviewer and Mike Oskin for their advice. Original LiDAR data acquisition was funded by the USGS and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC contribution number for this article is 1973. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2015 VL 105 IS 2A BP 776 EP 790 DI 10.1785/0120130108 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE7AO UT WOS:000351989600021 ER PT J AU Frankel, A AF Frankel, Arthur TI Decay of S-Wave Amplitudes with Distance for Earthquakes in the Charlevoix, Quebec, Area: Effects of Radiation Pattern and Directivity SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-YORK-STATE; MODERATE EARTHQUAKES; SOUTHEASTERN CANADA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; SHEAR-WAVES; ATTENUATION; SCATTERING; CRUST AB The decay of the Fourier spectral amplitudes of S waves over distances of 10-80 km near Charlevoix, Quebec, was determined using waveforms from seven earthquakes with M-N 3.3-5.4. The S-wave spectral amplitudes were corrected for site response and source amplitude by normalizing the coda-wave spectrum at a fixed time after the origin time. The amplitude decay with distance was found to be less steep as the frequency increases from 1 to 14, contrary to what would be expected from anelastic and scattering attenuation for a point source with an isotropic radiation pattern. The decay at 14 Hz indicates that the geometrical spreading at distances less than 80 km is less steep than R-1.05. The steeper distance decay of the low-frequency spectrum appears to be an artifact of the radiation pattern and rupture directivity, which affect the low-frequency amplitude more than the high frequency. Synthetic seismograms were made for a horizontally layered crust for the M-w 4.6 Riviere du Loup earthquake and an M-w 3.3 event. The decay with distance of the 1 Hz spectral amplitudes of the synthetics is similar to that observed for the Riviere du Loup earthquake, indicating that radiation pattern and rupture directivity are important factors in determining the attenuation with distance at 1 Hz. For the M-w 3.3 earthquake, the distance decay of the 1 Hz spectral amplitudes was found to be sensitive to the focal mechanism. This study demonstrates that estimates of geometrical spreading made using 1 Hz amplitudes can be contaminated by radiation pattern and directivity effects and may not be applicable for constructing ground-motion prediction equations for sources with other focal mechanisms and rupture behavior. C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Frankel, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; U.S. Government FX I thank the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) for providing the seismograms, instrument response information, and hypocentral determinations that were essential to this study. Christine Goulet and Chris Cramer kindly provided some of the GSC seismogram files used in this study. I thank Robert Herrmann for providing the focal mechanism determinations. This work was partially supported by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. I thank David Boore, Daniel McNamara, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews.; This article was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2015 VL 105 IS 2A BP 850 EP 857 DI 10.1785/0120140249 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE7AO UT WOS:000351989600026 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Thompson, EM AF Boore, David M. Thompson, Eric M. TI Revisions to Some Parameters Used in Stochastic-Method Simulations of Ground Motion SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-VIBRATION THEORY; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; CORNER-FREQUENCY; POINT-SOURCE; EARTHQUAKES; SPECTRA; ATTENUATION; VALIDATION; AMPLITUDES AB The stochastic method of ground-motion simulation specifies the amplitude spectrum as a function of magnitude (M) and distance (R). The manner in which the amplitude spectrum varies with M and R depends on physical-based parameters that are often constrained by recorded motions for a particular region (e.g., stress parameter, geometrical spreading, quality factor, and crustal amplifications), which we refer to as the seismological model. The remaining ingredient for the stochastic method is the ground-motion duration. Although the duration obviously affects the character of the ground motion in the time domain, it also significantly affects the response of a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator. Recently published updates to the stochastic method include a new generalized double-corner-frequency source model, a new finite-fault correction, a new parameterization of duration, and a new duration model for active crustal regions. In this article, we augment these updates with a new crustal amplification model and a new duration model for stable continental regions. Random-vibration theory (RVT) provides a computationally efficient method to compute the peak oscillator response directly from the ground-motion amplitude spectrum and duration. Because the correction factor used to account for the nonstationarity of the ground motion depends on the ground-motion amplitude spectrum and duration, we also present new RVT correction factors for both active and stable regions. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thompson, Eric M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; ethompson@mail.sdsu.edu RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806 FU agency of the U.S. Government FX This article was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. We thank Ellen Rathje for discussions related to the root mean square (rms)-to-peak factor and for her program in which she computed the factor directly from equation (2) in Der Kiureghian (1980). We also thank Christine Goulet for the duration database, as well as Carola Di Alessandro, Ellen Rathje, Emrah Yenier, and Hamid Zafarani for useful comments on the article. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2015 VL 105 IS 2A BP 1029 EP 1041 DI 10.1785/0120140281 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CE7AO UT WOS:000351989600037 ER PT J AU Preston, TM AF Preston, Todd M. TI Presence and abundance of non-native plant species associated with recent energy development in the Williston Basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bakken Formation; Energy development; Native prairie; Non-native species; Williston Basin ID UNITED-STATES; INVASIONS; DISTURBANCE; RANGELANDS; DISPERSAL; LANDSCAPE; AUSTRALIA; FRAMEWORK; VEHICLES; REPTILES AB The Williston Basin, located in the Northern Great Plains, is experiencing rapid energy development with North Dakota and Montana being the epicenter of current and projected development in the USA. The average single-bore well pad is 5 acres with an estimated 58,485 wells in North Dakota alone. This landscapelevel disturbance may provide a pathway for the establishment of non-native plants. To evaluate potential influences of energy development on the presence and abundance of non-native species, vegetation surveys were conducted at 30 oil well sites (14 ten-year-old and 16 five-year-old wells) and 14 control sites in native prairie environments across the Williston Basin, Nonnative species richness and cover were recorded in four quadrats, located at equal distances, along four transects for a total of 16 quadrats per site. Non-natives were recorded at all 44 sites and ranged from 5 to 13 species, 7 to 15 species, and 2 to 8 species at the 10-year, 5-year, and control sites, respectively. Respective non-native cover ranged from 1 to 69, 16 to 76, and 2 to 82 %. Total, forb, and graminoid non-native species richness and non-native forb cover were significantly greater at oil well sites compared to control sites. At oil well sites, non-native species richness and forb cover were significantly greater adjacent to the well pads and decreased with distance to values similar to control sites. Finally, non-native species whose presence and/or abundance were significantly greater at oil well sites relative to control sites were identified to aid management efforts. C1 Parallel Inc, USGS Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Preston, TM (reprint author), Parallel Inc, USGS Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM tmpreston@usgs.gov OI Preston, Todd/0000-0002-8812-9233 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Senice Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative [CFDA 15.669] FX The author declares there are no conflicts of interest. This project was fully funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Senice Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative (grant number CFDA 15.669). Manuscript contents have been reviewed by the U.S. Geological Survey and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2015 VL 187 IS 4 AR 200 DI 10.1007/s10661-015-4408-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE8SA UT WOS:000352113200026 PM 25797884 ER PT J AU Farley, KJ Meyer, JS Balistrieri, LS De Schamphelaere, KAC Iwasaki, Y Janssen, CR Kamo, M Lofts, S Mebane, CA Naito, W Ryan, AC Santore, RC Tipping, E AF Farley, Kevin J. Meyer, Joseph S. Balistrieri, Laurie S. De Schamphelaere, Karel A. C. Iwasaki, Yuichi Janssen, Colin R. Kamo, Masashi Lofts, Stephen Mebane, Christopher A. Naito, Wataru Ryan, Adam C. Santore, Robert C. Tipping, Edward TI METAL MIXTURE MODELING EVALUATION PROJECT: 2. COMPARISON OF FOUR MODELING APPROACHES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biotic ligand model; Concentration addition; Metal bioavailability; Metal toxicity; WHAM-F-TOX ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ACUTE TOXICITY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; ION-BINDING; ZINC TOXICITY; AQUATIC BIOTA; SOFT WATERS AB As part of the Metal Mixture Modeling Evaluation (MMME) project, models were developed by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan), the US Geological Survey (USA), HDR|HydroQual (USA), and the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (United Kingdom) to address the effects of metal mixtures on biological responses of aquatic organisms. A comparison of the 4 models, as they were presented at the MMME workshop in Brussels, Belgium (May 2012), is provided in the present study. Overall, the models were found to be similar in structure (free ion activities computed by the Windermere humic aqueous model [WHAM]; specific or nonspecific binding of metals/cations in or on the organism; specification of metal potency factors or toxicity response functions to relate metal accumulation to biological response). Major differences in modeling approaches are attributed to various modeling assumptions (e.g., single vs multiple types of binding sites on the organism) and specific calibration strategies that affected the selection of model parameters. The models provided a reasonable description of additive (or nearly additive) toxicity for a number of individual toxicity test results. Less-than-additive toxicity was more difficult to describe with the available models. Because of limitations in the available datasets and the strong interrelationships among the model parameters (binding constants, potency factors, toxicity response parameters), further evaluation of specific model assumptions and calibration strategies is needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:741-753. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Farley, Kevin J.] Manhattan Coll, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Riverdale, NY 10471 USA. [Meyer, Joseph S.] ARCADIS US, Lakewood, CO USA. [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [De Schamphelaere, Karel A. C.; Janssen, Colin R.] Univ Ghent, Lab Environm Toxicol & Aquat Ecol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Iwasaki, Yuichi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Kamo, Masashi; Naito, Wataru] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Inst Sci Safety & Sustainabil, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lofts, Stephen; Tipping, Edward] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster, England. [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID USA. [Ryan, Adam C.; Santore, Robert C.] HDR HydroQual, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Farley, KJ (reprint author), Manhattan Coll, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Riverdale, NY 10471 USA. EM Kevin.Farley@manhattan.edu RI Kamo, Masashi/C-6049-2015; Lofts, Stephen /K-1849-2012; Janssen, Colin/H-3122-2015; De Schamphelaere, Karel/A-1600-2008; Tipping, Edward/I-6309-2012; Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Kamo, Masashi/0000-0002-6972-3333; Lofts, Stephen /0000-0002-3627-851X; De Schamphelaere, Karel/0000-0002-5063-922X; Tipping, Edward/0000-0001-6618-6512; Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 FU Copper Alliance; International Zinc Association; Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association; Rio Tinto FX Funding for this work was provided by the Copper Alliance, International Zinc Association, Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association and Rio Tinto. The authors are especially grateful to E. Van Genderen, W. Adams, R. Dwyer, E. Garman, and J. Gorsuch for sharing their insights and for coordinating the MMME project. The authors also extend their thanks to T. Schmidt (US Geological Survey) and 2 anonymous reviewers for their careful review of the manuscript and their helpful comments and suggestions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 741 EP 753 DI 10.1002/etc.2820 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CE8NY UT WOS:000352101100011 PM 25418584 ER PT J AU Balistrieri, LS Mebane, CA Schmidt, TS Keller, W AF Balistrieri, Laurie S. Mebane, Christopher A. Schmidt, Travis S. Keller, Wendel (Bill) TI EXPANDING METAL MIXTURE TOXICITY MODELS TO NATURAL STREAM AND LAKE INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metal mixture toxicity; Biotic ligand model; Stream benthic macroinvertebrate; Zooplankton; Geology ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; FRESH-WATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; DISSOLVED CADMIUM; AQUATIC INSECTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; COPPER-BINDING; CATION-BINDING; ION-BINDING AB A modeling approach that was used to predict the toxicity of dissolved single and multiple metals to trout is extended to stream benthic macroinvertebrates, freshwater zooplankton, and Daphnia magna. The approach predicts the accumulation of toxicants (H, Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in organisms using 3 equilibrium accumulation models that define interactions between dissolved cations and biological receptors (biotic ligands). These models differ in the structure of the receptors and include a 2-site biotic ligand model, a bidentate biotic ligand or 2-pKa model, and a humic acid model. The predicted accumulation of toxicants is weighted using toxicant-specific coefficients and incorporated into a toxicity function called Tox, which is then related to observed mortality or invertebrate community richness using a logistic equation. All accumulation models provide reasonable fits to metal concentrations in tissue samples of stream invertebrates. Despite the good fits, distinct differences in the magnitude of toxicant accumulation and biotic ligand speciation exist among the models for a given solution composition. However, predicted biological responses are similar among the models because there are interdependencies among model parameters in the accumulation-Tox models. To illustrate potential applications of the approaches, the 3 accumulation-Tox models for natural stream invertebrates are used in Monte Carlo simulations to predict the probability of adverse impacts in catchments of differing geology in central Colorado (USA); to link geology, water chemistry, and biological response; and to demonstrate how this approach can be used to screen for potential risks associated with resource development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:761-776. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Keller, Wendel (Bill)] Laurentian Univ, Cooperat Freshwater Ecol Unit, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM cmebane@usgs.gov RI Keller, Wendel/G-1533-2012; Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 FU US Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. We acknowledge the helpful discussions among MMME project participants, review of an earlier draft of the manuscript by R. Wanty (US Geological Survey, Denver), and 3 anonymous journal reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2015 VL 34 IS 4 BP 761 EP 776 DI 10.1002/etc.2824 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CE8NY UT WOS:000352101100013 PM 25477294 ER PT J AU Rode, KD Robbins, CT Nelson, L Amstrup, SC AF Rode, Karyn D. Robbins, Charles T. Nelson, Lynne Amstrup, Steven C. TI Can polar bears use terrestrial foods to offset lost ice-based hunting opportunities? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; MARITIMUS SUMMER DIETS; TOTAL-ENERGY BUDGET; URSUS-MARITIMUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRIZZLY BEARS; RINGED SEALS; BROWN BEARS; FREE PERIOD AB Increased land use by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) due to climate-change-induced reduction of their sea-ice habitat illustrates the impact of climate change on species distributions and the difficulty of conserving a large, highly specialized carnivore in the face of this global threat. Some authors have suggested that terrestrial food consumption by polar bears will help them withstand sea-ice loss as they are forced to spend increasing amounts of time on land. Here, we evaluate the nutritional needs of polar bears as well as the physiological and environmental constraints that shape their use of terrestrial ecosystems. Only small numbers of polar bears have been documented consuming terrestrial foods even in modest quantities. Over much of the polar bear's range, limited terrestrial food availability supports only low densities of much smaller, resident brown bears (Ursus arctos), which use low-quality resources more efficiently and may compete with polar bears in these areas. Where consumption of terrestrial foods has been documented, polar bear body condition and survival rates have declined even as land use has increased. Thus far, observed consumption of terrestrial food by polar bears has been insufficient to offset lost ice-based hunting opportunities but can have ecological consequences for other species. Warming-induced loss of sea ice remains the primary threat faced by polar bears. C1 [Rode, Karyn D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Nelson, Lynne] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Amstrup, Steven C.] Polar Bears Int, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM krode@usgs.gov OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 64 U2 278 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2015 VL 13 IS 3 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1890/140202 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CF0BW UT WOS:000352208500016 ER PT J AU Armsworth, PR Larson, ER Jackson, ST Sax, DF Simonin, P Blossey, B Green, N Klein, ML Lester, L Ricketts, TH Runge, MC Shaw, MR AF Armsworth, Paul R. Larson, Eric R. Jackson, Stephen T. Sax, Dov F. Simonin, Paul Blossey, Bernd Green, Nancy Klein, Mary L. Lester, Liza Ricketts, Taylor H. Runge, Michael C. Shaw, M. Rebecca TI Are conservation organizations configured for effective adaptation to global change? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTATION; BIODIVERSITY-CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ACCOUNTABILITY; CHALLENGES AB Conservation organizations must adapt to respond to the ecological impacts of global change. Numerous changes to conservation actions (eg facilitated ecological transitions, managed relocations, or increased corridor development) have been recommended, but some institutional restructuring within organizations may also be needed. Here we discuss the capacity of conservation organizations to adapt to changing environmental conditions, focusing primarily on public agencies and nonprofits active in land protection and management in the US. After first reviewing how these organizations anticipate and detect impacts affecting target species and ecosystems, we then discuss whether they are sufficiently flexible to prepare and respond by reallocating funding, staff, or other resources. We raise new hypotheses about how the configuration of different organizations enables them to protect particular conservation targets and manage for particular biophysical changes that require coordinated management actions over different spatial and temporal scales. Finally, we provide a discussion resource to help conservation organizations assess their capacity to adapt. C1 [Armsworth, Paul R.; Larson, Eric R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, DOI Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sax, Dov F.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Simonin, Paul; Blossey, Bernd] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY USA. [Green, Nancy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Klein, Mary L.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA USA. [Lester, Liza] Ecol Soc Amer, Washington, DC USA. [Ricketts, Taylor H.] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Shaw, M. Rebecca] Environm Def Fund, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Armsworth, PR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM p.armsworth@utk.edu RI Larson, Eric/P-8253-2016; OI Larson, Eric/0000-0002-9232-5907; Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Armsworth, Paul/0000-0003-0918-0573 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2015 VL 13 IS 3 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1890/130352 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CF0BW UT WOS:000352208500019 ER PT J AU Camp, VE Pierce, KL Morgan, LA AF Camp, Victor E. Pierce, Kenneth L. Morgan, Lisa A. TI Yellowstone plume trigger for Basin and Range extension, and coeval emplacement of the Nevada-Columbia Basin magmatic belt SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RIVER BASALT GROUP; NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; ANCESTRAL-CASCADES ARC; CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES; SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; APATITE (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE INTERACTION AB Widespread extension began across the northern and central Basin and Range Province at 17-16 Ma, contemporaneous with magmatism along the Nevada-Columbia Basin magmatic belt, a linear zone of dikes and volcanic centers that extends for >1000 km, from southern Nevada to the Columbia Basin of eastern Washington. This belt was generated above an elongated sublithospheric melt zone associated with arrival of the Yellowstone mantle plume, with a north-south tabular shape attributed to plume ascent through a propagating fracture in the Juan de Fuca slab. Dike orientation along the magmatic belt suggests an extension direction of 245 degrees-250 degrees, but this trend lies oblique to the regional extension direction of 280 degrees-300 degrees during coeval and younger Basin and Range faulting, an similar to 45 degrees difference. Field relationships suggest that this magmatic trend was not controlled by regional stress in the upper crust, but rather by magma overpressure from below and forceful dike injection with an orientation inherited from a deeper process in the sublithospheric mantle. The southern half of the elongated zone of mantle upwelling was emplaced beneath a cratonic lithosphere with an elevated surface derived from Late Cretaceous to mid-Tertiary crustal thickening. This high Nevadaplano was primed for collapse with high gravitational potential energy under the influence of regional stress, partly derived from boundary forces due to Pacific-North American plate interaction. Plume arrival at 17-16 Ma resulted in advective thermal weakening of the lithosphere, mantle traction, delamination, and added buoyancy to the northern and central Basin and Range. It was not the sole cause of Basin and Range extension, but rather the catalyst for extension of the Nevadaplano, which was already on the verge of regional collapse. C1 [Camp, Victor E.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Pierce, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Morgan, Lisa A.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Camp, VE (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 286 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 32 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2015 VL 11 IS 2 BP 203 EP 225 DI 10.1130/GES01051.1 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF0GO UT WOS:000352221400001 ER PT J AU Scholl, DW Kirby, SH von Huene, R Ryan, H Wells, RE Geist, EL AF Scholl, David W. Kirby, Stephen H. von Huene, Roland Ryan, Holly Wells, Ray E. Geist, Eric L. TI Great (>= Mw8.0) megathrust earthquakes and the subduction of excess sediment and bathymetrically smooth seafloor SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID BARBADOS RIDGE COMPLEX; 1946 ALEUTIAN TSUNAMI; PLATE-BOUNDARY; FIELD TSUNAMI; FORE-ARC; HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES; SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; THRUST EARTHQUAKES; RUPTURE BEHAVIOR AB Using older and in part flawed data, Ruff (1989) suggested that thick sediment entering the subduction zone (SZ) smooths and strengthens the trench-parallel distribution of interplate coupling. This circumstance was conjectured to favor rupture continuation and the generation of high-magnitude (>= Mw8.0) interplate thrust (IPT) earthquakes. Using larger and more accurate compilations of sediment thickness and instrumental (1899 to January 2013) and pre-instrumental era (1700-1898) IPTs (n = 176 and 12, respectively), we tested if a compelling relation existed between where IPT earthquakes >= Mw7.5 occurred and where thick (>= 1.0 km) versus thin (<= 1.0 km) sedimentary sections entered the SZ. Based on the new compilations, a statistically supported statement (see Summary and Conclusions) can be made that high-magnitude earthquakes are most prone to nucleate at well-sedimented SZs. For example, despite the 7500 km shorter global length of thick-sediment trenches, they account for similar to 53% of instrumental era IPTs >= Mw8.0, similar to 75% >= Mw8.5, and 100% >= Mw9.1. No megathrusts >Mw9.0 ruptured at thin-sediment trenches, whereas three occurred at thick-sediment trenches (1960 Chile Mw9.5, 1964 Alaska Mw9.2, and 2004 Sumatra Mw9.2). However, large Mw8.0-9.0 IPTs commonly (n = 23) nucleated at thin-sediment trenches. These earthquakes are associated with the subduction of low-relief ocean floor and where the debris of subduction erosion thickens the plate-separating subduction channel. The combination of low bathymetric relief and subduction erosion is inferred to also produce a smooth trench-parallel distribution of coupling posited to favor the characteristic lengthy rupturing of high-magnitude IPT earthquakes. In these areas subduction of a weak sedimentary sequence further enables rupture continuation. C1 [Scholl, David W.; Kirby, Stephen H.; von Huene, Roland; Ryan, Holly; Wells, Ray E.; Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Scholl, David W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Scholl, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 117 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 28 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2015 VL 11 IS 2 BP 236 EP 265 DI 10.1130/GES01079.1 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF0GO UT WOS:000352221400003 ER PT J AU Phelps, GA Schmidt, KM Barall, M AF Phelps, G. A. Schmidt, K. M. Barall, M. TI Comparison of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake damage to mapped lineaments along the range front of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CLARA VALLEY; DEFORMATION; MARGIN AB Damage to public infrastructure at or below the ground surface (streets, curbs, and water and gas lines) in southwestern Santa Clara Valley, California, associated with the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, is used to support the assertion that the series of photointerpreted lineaments are tectonic in origin and related to long-term reverse faulting along the range front of the Santa Cruz Mountains. We quantitatively analyze whether the photointerpreted lineaments are spatially correlated with earthquake-induced damage by examining whether the damage was located preferentially closer to the mapped lineaments than to a spatially random set of points. The analysis confirms that damage related to the Loma Prieta earthquake is located preferentially close to mapped lineaments. This result supports the assertion that the lineaments have a tectonic origin related to range-front faulting along the Santa Cruz Mountains, and that their presence may be related to primary fault rupture, spatially focused shaking damage, or slip triggered by strong motion induced by nearby faults. C1 [Phelps, G. A.; Schmidt, K. M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barall, M.] Invisible Software Inc, San Jose, CA USA. RP Phelps, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mbinv@invisiblesoft.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2015 VL 11 IS 2 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1130/GES01088.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF0GO UT WOS:000352221400007 ER PT J AU Paull, CK Caress, DW Thomas, H Lundsten, E Anderson, K Gwiazda, R Riedel, M McGann, M Herguera, JC AF Paull, C. K. Caress, D. W. Thomas, H. Lundsten, E. Anderson, K. Gwiazda, R. Riedel, M. McGann, M. Herguera, J. C. TI Seafloor geomorphic manifestations of gas venting and shallow subbottom gas hydrate occurrences SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTHERN CASCADIA MARGIN; FOCUSED FLUID-FLOW; AUTHIGENIC CARBONATES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; METHANE HYDRATE; CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; DISSOLUTION RATES AB High-resolution multibeam bathymetry data collected with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) complemented by compressed high-intensity radar pulse (Chirp) profiles and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) observations and sediment sampling reveal a distinctive rough topography associated with seafloor gas venting and/or near-subsurface gas hydrate accumulations. The surveys provide 1 m bathymetric grids of deep-water gas venting sites along the best-known gas venting areas along the Pacific margin of North America, which is an unprecedented level of resolution. Patches of conspicuously rough seafloor that are tens of meters to hundreds of meters across and occur on larger seafloor topographic highs characterize seepage areas. Some patches are composed of multiple depressions that range from 1 to 100 m in diameter and are commonly up to 10 m deeper than the adjacent seafloor. Elevated mounds with relief of > 10 m and fractured surfaces suggest that seafloor expansion also occurs. Ground truth observations show that these areas contain broken pavements of methane-derived authigenic carbonates with intervening topographic lows. Patterns seen in Chirp profiles, ROV observations, and core data suggest that the rough topography is produced by a combination of diagenetic alteration, focused erosion, and inflation of the seafloor. This characteristic texture allows previously unknown gas venting areas to be identified within these surveys. A conceptual model for the evolution of these features suggests that these morphologies develop slowly over protracted periods of slow seepage and shows the impact of gas venting and gas hydrate development on the seafloor morphology. C1 [Paull, C. K.; Caress, D. W.; Thomas, H.; Lundsten, E.; Anderson, K.; Gwiazda, R.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Riedel, M.] Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [McGann, M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Herguera, J. C.] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RI Herguera, Juan Carlos /B-7812-2016; OI Herguera, Juan Carlos /0000-0001-8335-2607; Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support. Special thanks are given to the crews of the R/V Zephyr, R/V Western Flyer, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) group, and the MBARI remotely operated vehicle pilots. Reviews from Tom Lorenson, Pete Dartnell, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 103 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2015 VL 11 IS 2 BP 491 EP 513 DI 10.1130/GES01012.1 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF0GO UT WOS:000352221400014 ER PT J AU Bonka, A Hernandez, MH Wibbels, T Martinez, LS Martinez, MAC Najera, BMZ Llescas, F Pena, LJ Burchfield, PM Schroeder, B Possardt, E AF Bonka, A. Hernandez, M. H. Wibbels, T. Martinez, L. S. Martinez, M. A. C. Najera, B. M. Z. Llescas, F. Pena, L. J. Burchfield, P. M. Schroeder, B. Possardt, E. TI Sea-finding Orientation of Hatchling Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) Sea Turtles at the Natural Nesting Beach at Rancho Nuevo, Mexico SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Alabama Brimingham, Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville, TX USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. CONANP, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. CONANP, Rancho Nuevo, Mexico. CONANP, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico. CDEN, Tamaulipas, Mexico. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. EM abonka@uab.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA P2.89 BP E221 EP E221 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658401166 ER PT J AU Challener, RC Robbins, LL Mcclintock, JB AF Challener, R. C. Robbins, L. L. Mcclintock, J. B. TI Carbonate chemistry in a shallow, seagrass-dominated ecosystem: implications for the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Bellarmine Univ, Louisville, KY USA. USGS, Salt Lake City, UT USA. St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. EM rchallener@bellarmine.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA P3.124 BP E232 EP E232 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658401208 ER PT J AU Hanlon, SM Kerby, JL Peterson, B Moore, JE AF Hanlon, S. M. Kerby, J. L. Peterson, B. Moore, J. E. TI Agriculture-induced aquatic contamination as a predictor for disease dynamics in reptile populations SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Hanlon, S. M.; Kerby, J. L.; Peterson, B.; Moore, J. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Falls Church, VA USA. EM hanloc2107@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA 36.7 BP E74 EP E74 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658400294 ER PT J AU Hennin, HL Berlin, AM Bety, J Gilchrist, HG Forbes, MR Love, OP AF Hennin, H. L. Berlin, A. M. Bety, J. Gilchrist, H. G. Forbes, M. R. Love, O. P. TI Physiological mechanisms mediating energetics in diving seaducks SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Quebec, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM hennin@uwindsor.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA 27.2 BP E76 EP E76 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658400305 ER PT J AU Lema, SC Carvalho, PG Egelston, JN Kelly, JT Mccormick, SD AF Lema, S. C. Carvalho, P. G. Egelston, J. N. Kelly, J. T. Mccormick, S. D. TI Transcriptional dynamics of ion transporters and aquaporins in the gill of a desert pupfish following abrupt salinity transfer SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. Univ New Haven, New Haven, CT USA. USGS, Washington, DC USA. Conte Anadromous Fish Res Cen, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM slema@calpoly.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA P3.12 BP E292 EP E292 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658401448 ER PT J AU Rainwater, TR Woodward, AR Wilkinson, PM AF Rainwater, T. R. Woodward, A. R. Wilkinson, P. M. TI Evidence of determinate growth in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) based on long-term recaptures SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2015 CL West Palm Beach, FL SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Rainwater, T. R.; Woodward, A. R.; Wilkinson, P. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM trrainwater@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 SU 1 MA S3.11 BP E148 EP E148 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CF6HS UT WOS:000352658400591 ER PT J AU Martin, TE AF Martin, Thomas E. TI Consequences of habitat change and resource selection specialization for population limitation in cavity-nesting birds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cavity-nesting; climate change; habitat change; habitat selection; nest-site limitation; Paridae; population limitation; Troglodytes; ungulate browsing; woodpeckers ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE; ASPEN; EXTINCTION; IMPACTS; FRAGMENTATION; SUCCESS; FORESTS; FIRE; ELK AB 1. Resource selection specialization may increase vulnerability of populations to environmental change. One environmental change that may negatively impact some populations is the broad decline of quaking aspen Populus tremuloides, a preferred nest tree of cavity-nesting organisms who are commonly limited by nest-site availability. However, the long-term consequences of this habitat change for cavity-nesting bird populations are poorly studied. 2. I counted densities of woody plants and eight cavity-nesting bird species over 29 years in 15 high-elevation riparian drainages in Arizona, USA. I also studied nest-tree use and specialization over time based on 4946 nests across species. 3. Aspen suffered a severe decline in availability over time, while understorey woody plants and canopy deciduous trees also declined. The decline of plants resulted from increased elk Cervus canadensis browsing linked to declining snowfall. 4. Woodpeckers exhibited very high specialization (>95% of nests) on aspen for nesting, and densities of all six species declined with aspen over time. Mountain chickadees Poecile gambeli and house wrens Troglodytes aedon exhibited increasingly less specialization on aspen. Chickadees strongly increased in density over time, despite a relatively high specialization on aspen. House wren densities declined moderately over time, but nest-box addition experiments demonstrated that nest-site availability was not limiting their population. House wren densities increased with understorey vegetation recovery in elk exclosures via increased generality of nest-site use, demonstrating that the decline in understorey vegetation on the broader landscape was the cause of their population decline. 5. Synthesis and applications. Management should target species that specialize in resource selection on a declining resource. Species with greater resource selection generalization can reduce population impacts of environmental change. Resource generalization can allow a species like the wren to take advantage of habitat refuges, such as those provided by the elk exclosures. Yet, resource generalization cannot offset the negative impacts of broad-scale declines in habitat quality on the landscape, as demonstrated by the general decline of wrens. Ultimately, aspen is an important habitat for biodiversity, and land management programmes that protect and aid recovery of aspen habitats may be critical. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Nat Sci 205, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Nat Sci 205, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178] FX I thank J. C. Oteyza, J. LaManna, P. Llambias, J. Mouton, J. Rivers and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. I also thank numerous research assistants for help in locating and monitoring nests and measuring vegetation, as well as the U.S. Forest Service Blue Ridge Ranger Station for logistical support. This research was supported by grants from the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program and the National Science Foundation (DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178). This work was conducted under University of Montana IACUC #059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12375 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE9BJ UT WOS:000352138100021 ER PT J AU Agha, M Augustine, B Lovich, JE Delaney, D Sinervo, B Murphy, MO Ennen, JR Briggs, JR Cooper, R Price, SJ AF Agha, Mickey Augustine, Benjamin Lovich, Jeffrey E. Delaney, David Sinervo, Barry Murphy, Mason O. Ennen, Joshua R. Briggs, Jessica R. Cooper, Robert Price, Steven J. TI Using motion-sensor camera technology to infer seasonal activity and thermal niche of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Resource Selection Functions; Desert southwest; Climate change; Normal mixture models; Wildlife management ID WIND-ENERGY FACILITY; GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; AKAIKES INFORMATION CRITERION; TURTLE PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; BASKING BEHAVIOR; BODY-TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATIC VARIATION; WILDLIFE RESEARCH; ACTIVITY PATTERNS AB Understanding the relationships between environmental variables and wildlife activity is an important part of effective management. The desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), an imperiled species of arid environments in the southwest US, may have increasingly restricted windows for activity due to current warming trends. In summer 2013, we deployed 48 motion sensor cameras at the entrances of tortoise burrows to investigate the effects of temperature, sex, and day of the year on the activity of desert tortoises. Using generalized estimating equations, we found that the relative probability of activity was associated with temperature (linear and quadratic), sex, and day of the year. Sex effects showed that male tortoises are generally more active than female tortoises. Temperature had a quadratic effect, indicating that tortoise activity was heightened at a range of temperatures. In addition, we found significant support for interactions between sex and day of the year, and sex and temperature as predictors of the probability of activity. Using our models, we were able to estimate air temperatures and times (days and hours) that were associated with maximum activity during the study. Because tortoise activity is constrained by environmental conditions such as temperature, it is increasingly vital to conduct studies on how tortoises vary their activity throughout the Sonoran Desert to better understand the effects of a changing climate. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Agha, Mickey; Price, Steven J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Augustine, Benjamin] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Delaney, David] US Army, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. [Sinervo, Barry; Cooper, Robert] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Murphy, Mason O.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Ennen, Joshua R.] Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Briggs, Jessica R.] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Price, SJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM mickey.agha@uky.edu; ben.augustine@uky.edu; jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; David.Delaney@usace.army.mil; lizardrps@gmail.com; mason.murphy@uky.edu; jre@tnaqua.org; jessiebriggs13@gmail.com; rdcooper408@gmail.com; steven.price@uky.edu OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831; Agha, Mickey/0000-0003-0961-8344 FU California Energy Commission-Public Interest Energy Research Program [500-09-020]; Bureau of Land Management; University of Kentucky - Department of Forestry; California Desert Managers Group; Desert Legacy Fund of the California Desert Research Program FX Our research at the site has been supported at various times by the California Energy Commission-Public Interest Energy Research Program (Contract # 500-09-020), the Bureau of Land Management, the University of Kentucky - Department of Forestry, the California Desert Managers Group, and the Desert Legacy Fund of the California Desert Research Program. Research was conducted under permits from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Bureau of Land Management. We acknowledge B. Todd of the University of California, Davis, R. Huey of the University of Washington, and anonymous peer reviewers for valuable comments and critical reading of earlier versions of the manuscript. Special thanks are given to A. Muth of the Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center of the University of California, Riverside, for providing accommodations during our research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 94 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD APR-MAY PY 2015 VL 49-50 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.02.009 PG 8 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA CE7RJ UT WOS:000352039200015 PM 25774035 ER PT J AU Cartwright, J Hui, DF AF Cartwright, Jennifer Hui, Dafeng TI Soil respiration patterns and controls in limestone cedar glades SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Limestone cedar glades; Rock outcrop ecosystems; Soil depth; Soil organic matter; Soil moisture; Soil respiration ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; CO2 EFFLUX; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; PRECIPITATION PULSES; ABIOTIC REGULATORS AB Drivers of soil respiration (R (s) ) in rock outcrop ecosystems remain poorly understood. We investigated these drivers in limestone cedar glades, known for their concentrations of endemic plant species and for seasonal hydrologic extremes (xeric and saturated conditions), and compared our findings to those in temperate grasslands and semi-arid ecosystems. We measured R (s) , soil temperature (T (s) ), volumetric soil water content (SWC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil depth, and vegetation cover monthly over 16 mo and analyzed effects of these variables on R (s) . Seasonally, R (s) primarily tracked T (s) (r(2) = 0.77; P < 0.01), however R (s) was depressed during a summer drought. SOM was highly variable spatially, and incorporating SOM effects into the R (s) model dramatically improved model performance. Both shallow soil and sparse vegetation cover were also associated with lower R (s) . Soil depth, SOM, and vegetation cover were important drivers of R (s) in limestone cedar glades. Seasonal R (s) patterns reflected those for mesic temperate grasslands more than for semi-arid ecosystems, in that R (s) primarily tracked temperature for most of the year. C1 [Cartwright, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Hui, Dafeng] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. RP Cartwright, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, 640 Grassmere Pk,Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM jmcart@usgs.gov; dhui@tnstate.edu OI Hui, Dafeng/0000-0002-5284-2897 FU National Park Service, Department of the Interior, USA [STRI-00025]; National Science Foundation [0923371]; LEEF Award from Li-Cor Inc. FX The authors acknowledge the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, USA, for financial support of the research project (NPS study number STRI-00025) and Tennessee State University (Nashville, Tennessee, USA) for the use of laboratory facilities. The LI-6400 XT Portable Photosynthesis System was supported by the National Science Foundation (0923371) and the LEEF Award from Li-Cor Inc. The authors wish to thank the staff at Stones River National Battlefield for logistical support, and Dr. William Wolfe, Dr. Thomas Byl, and anonymous reviewers for their suggestions on the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 2015 VL 389 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s11104-014-2348-6 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA CE9HB UT WOS:000352153600012 ER PT J AU Gaswirth, SB Marra, KR AF Gaswirth, Stephanie B. Marra, Kristen R. TI US Geological Survey 2013 assessment of undiscovered resources in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations of the US Williston Basin Province SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB The Upper Devonian Three Forks and Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian Bakken Formations comprise a major United States continuous oil resource. Current exploitation of oil is from horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing of the Middle Member of the Bakken and upper Three Forks, with ongoing exploration of the lower Three Forks, and the Upper, Lower, and Pronghorn Members of the Bakken Formation. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated a mean of 3.65 billion bbl of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil resource within the Bakken Formation. The USGS recently reassessed the Bakken Folination, which included an assessment of the underlying Three Forks Formation. The Pronghorn Member of the Bakken Formation, where present, was included as part of the Three Forks assessment due to probable fluid communication between reservoirs. For the Bakken Formation, five continuous and one conventional assessment units (AUs) were defined. These AUs are modified from the 2008 AU boundaries to incorporate expanded geologic and production information. The Three Forks Formation was defined with one continuous and one conventional AU. Within the continuous AUs, optimal regions of hydrocarbon recovery, or "sweet spots," were delineated and estimated ultimate recoveries were calculated for each continuous AU. Resulting undiscovered, technically recoverable resource estimates were 3.65 billion bbl for the five Bakken continuous oil AUs and 3.73 billion bbl for the Three Forks Continuous Oil AU, generating a total mean resource estimate of 7.38 billion bbl. The two conventional AUs are hypothetical and represent a negligible component of the total estimated resource (8 million barrels of oil). C1 [Gaswirth, Stephanie B.; Marra, Kristen R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gaswirth, SB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sgaswirth@usgs.gov; kmarra@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 EI 1558-9153 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD APR PY 2015 VL 99 IS 4 BP 639 EP 660 DI 10.1306/08131414051 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE8TH UT WOS:000352116500003 ER PT J AU Herrmann, M Rusznyak, A Akob, DM Schulze, I Opitz, S Totsche, KU Kusel, K AF Herrmann, Martina Rusznyak, Anna Akob, Denise M. Schulze, Isabel Opitz, Sebastian Totsche, Kai Uwe Kuesel, Kirsten TI Large Fractions of CO2-Fixing Microorganisms in Pristine Limestone Aquifers Appear To Be Involved in the Oxidation of Reduced Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SUBUNIT GENES; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; CARBON-DIOXIDE ASSIMILATION; FRESH-WATER LAKE; SP-NOV.; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; UNCONFINED AQUIFER; AGRICULTURAL SOILS AB The traditional view of the dependency of subsurface environments on surface-derived allochthonous carbon inputs is challenged by increasing evidence for the role of lithoautotrophy in aquifer carbon flow. We linked information on autotrophy (Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle) with that from total microbial community analysis in groundwater at two superimposed-upper and lower-limestone groundwater reservoirs (aquifers). Quantitative PCR revealed that up to 17% of the microbial population had the genetic potential to fix CO2 via the Calvin cycle, with abundances of cbbM and cbbL genes, encoding RubisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) forms I and II, ranging from 1.14 x 10(3) to 6 x 10(6) genes liter(-1) over a 2-year period. The structure of the active microbial communities based on 16S rRNA transcripts differed between the two aquifers, with a larger fraction of heterotrophic, facultative anaerobic, soil-related groups in the oxygen-deficient upper aquifer. Most identified CO2-assimilating phylogenetic groups appeared to be involved in the oxidation of sulfur or nitrogen compounds and harbored both RubisCO forms I and II, allowing efficient CO2 fixation in environments with strong oxygen and CO2 fluctuations. The genera Sulfuricella and Nitrosomonas were represented by read fractions of up to 78 and 33%, respectively, within the cbbM and cbbL transcript pool and accounted for 5.6 and 3.8% of 16S rRNA sequence reads, respectively, in the lower aquifer. Our results indicate that a large fraction of bacteria in pristine limestone aquifers has the genetic potential for autotrophic CO2 fixation, with energy most likely provided by the oxidation of reduced sulfur and nitrogen compounds. C1 [Herrmann, Martina; Rusznyak, Anna; Akob, Denise M.; Schulze, Isabel; Opitz, Sebastian; Kuesel, Kirsten] Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Aquat Geomicrobiol, Jena, Germany. [Herrmann, Martina; Kuesel, Kirsten] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. [Akob, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Totsche, Kai Uwe] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, Dept Hydrogeol, Jena, Germany. RP Kusel, K (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Aquat Geomicrobiol, Jena, Germany. EM kirsten.kuesel@uni-jena.de RI iDiv, Deutsches Zentrum/B-5164-2016; Totsche, Kai/E-2086-2013; OI Totsche, Kai/0000-0002-2692-213X; Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025 FU ProExcellence Initiative of the federal state of Thuringia, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena (ProChance Programmlinie) [A1]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [CRC 1076] FX This study is part of the research project AquaDiv@Jena funded by the ProExcellence Initiative of the federal state of Thuringia, Germany. Additional financial support was provided by a grant from the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (ProChance Programmlinie A1) to M.H. and by CRC 1076 AquaDiva funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 54 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 81 IS 7 BP 2384 EP 2394 DI 10.1128/AEM.03269-14 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CE5AL UT WOS:000351842000014 PM 25616797 ER PT J AU Bean, JR Wilcox, AC Woessner, WW Muhlfeld, CC AF Bean, Jared R. Wilcox, Andrew C. Woessner, William W. Muhlfeld, Clint C. TI Multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning habitat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; EGG BURIAL DEPTHS; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; MONTANA STREAMS; PROCESS DOMAINS; CHANNEL-TYPE; REDD COUNTS AB We investigated multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on the distribution and abundance of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning in snowmelt-dominated streams of the upper Flathead River basin, northwestern Montana. Within our study reaches, bull trout tended to spawn in the finest available gravel substrates. Analysis of the mobility of these substrates, based on one-dimensional hydraulic modeling and calculation of dimensionless shear stresses, indicated that bed materials in spawning reaches would be mobilized at moderate (i.e., 2-year recurrence interval) high-flow conditions, although the asynchronous timing of the fall-winter egg incubation period and typical late spring - early summer snowmelt high flows in our study area may limit susceptibility to redd scour under current hydrologic regimes. Redd occurrence also tended to be associated with concave-up bed-forms (pool tailouts) with downwelling intragravel flows. Streambed temperatures tracked stream water diurnal temperature cycles to a depth of at least 25 cm, averaging 6.1-8.1 degrees C in different study reaches during the spawning period. Ground water provided thermal moderation of stream water for several high-density spawning reaches. Bull trout redds were more frequent in unconfined alluvial valley reaches (8.5 versus 5.0 redds.km(-1) in confined valley reaches), which were strongly influenced by hyporheic and groundwater - stream water exchange. A considerable proportion of redds were patchily distributed in confined valley reaches, however, emphasizing the influence of local physical conditions in supporting bull trout spawning habitat. Moreover, narrowing or "bounding" of these alluvial valley segments did not appear to be important. Our results suggest that geomorphic, thermal, and hydrological factors influence bull trout spawning occurrence at multiple spatial scales. C1 [Bean, Jared R.; Wilcox, Andrew C.; Woessner, William W.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Bean, Jared R.] Aspect Consulting, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Wilcox, AC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM andrew.wilcox@umontana.edu OI Wilcox, Andrew C./0000-0002-6241-8977 FU USGS; Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (CESU); National Park Service; Montana Institute on Ecosystems (NSF EPSCoR program) [EPS-1101342]; Montana Water Center FX This work was supported by grants from the USGS, the Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (CESU), the National Park Service, the Montana Institute on Ecosystems (NSF EPSCoR program grant EPS-1101342), and the Montana Water Center. Ali White, Dan Kotter, Vin D'Angelo, Chris Downs, John Fraley, Tom Weaver, Mark Deleray, and many others provided valuable field assistance and other guidance. The paper was substantially improved by reviews from Robert Al-Chokhachy and three anonymous reviewers. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors, funding agencies, or US Government. NR 92 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 30 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 72 IS 4 BP 514 EP 526 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0534 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE4AZ UT WOS:000351774100004 ER PT J AU Hoagstrom, CW Archdeacon, TP Davenport, SR Propst, DL Brooks, JE AF Hoagstrom, Christopher W. Archdeacon, Thomas P. Davenport, Stephen R. Propst, David L. Brooks, James E. TI Intrafragment riverscape conservation for an imperiled, small-bodied, pelagic-broadcast spawning minnow: speckled chub (Macrhybopsis aestivalis) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; NOTROPIS-SIMUS-PECOSENSIS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; NORTH-AMERICAN PLAINS; RIO-GRANDE/RIO-BRAVO; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; ARKANSAS RIVER; ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS AB Intrafragment ecology is little studied for imperiled riverine fishes although river fragmentation and habitat loss increasingly threaten sensitive species. A long-term population-monitoring program in the Pecos River, New Mexico, provided detailed data for 15 annual cohorts of speckled chub (Macrhybopsis aestivalis), which were used to assess intrafragment patterns in recruitment and year-class strength in relation to distributional patterns, flow-regime characteristics, and air temperature. Cohorts avoided a degraded upstream reach. Age-1 and older individuals had distributions consistently centered within a central, relict-ecosystem reach that contained high-quality habitat. Age-0 individuals were widespread within the relict-ecosystem reach and a channelized reach downstream. Distributional patterns suggested that some individuals that recruited in the channelized reach dispersed upstream into relict-ecosystem habitat thereafter. One cohort always numerically dominated the population because cohorts never lived beyond 2 years. Recruitment was density-independent and predicted year-class strength. No aspect of the flow regime explained variation in recruitment. Year-class strength was consistent among cohorts because of density-dependent mortality. High-quality habitat in a centralized location, potential for dispersal between channelized and relict-ecosystem reaches, and diffuse distribution of pelagic-broadcast propagules throughout both reaches combined to facilitate successful annual recruitment and population persistence. C1 [Hoagstrom, Christopher W.] Weber State Univ, Dept Zool, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. [Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Davenport, Stephen R.; Brooks, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Propst, David L.] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Conservat Serv Div, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. RP Hoagstrom, CW (reprint author), Weber State Univ, Dept Zool, 1415 Edvalson St,Dept 2505, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. EM ChristopherHoagstrom@weber.edu FU US Bureau of Reclamation, Albuquerque Area Office [USFWS 14-160002-91-916]; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX The US Bureau of Reclamation, Albuquerque Area Office funded portions of this project under agreement number USFWS 14-160002-91-916. N.L. Allan was instrumental in the decision in 1994 to begin measuring SL of all fishes collected. N.D. Zymonas, R.D. Larson, N.L. Allan, J.R. Smith, B.K. Lang, P.L. Tashjian, B.G. Wiley, H.E. Watts, M.R. Brown, A.L. Hobbes, J.E. Davis, T.A. Diver, J.A. Jackson, and many others assisted with field and laboratory work. J.S. Perkin provided helpful comments on this work. The Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative provided support for CWH during preparation of this manuscript. This manuscript was completed while CWH was on sabbatical leave in the Department of Biology at the University of New Mexico. Comments of anonymous reviewers substantially improved this publication. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 72 IS 4 BP 527 EP 537 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0191 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CE4AZ UT WOS:000351774100005 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF McDonald, TL Stirling, I Derocher, AE Richardson, ES Regehr, EV Douglas, DC Durner, GM Atwood, T Amstrup, SC AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. McDonald, Trent L. Stirling, Ian Derocher, Andrew E. Richardson, Evan S. Regehr, Eric V. Douglas, David C. Durner, George M. Atwood, Todd Amstrup, Steven C. TI Polar bear population dynamics in the southern Beaufort Sea during a period of sea ice decline SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance; Arctic; climate warming; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; demographic modeling; Horvitz-Thompson; mark-recapture; sea ice; survival; Ursus maritimus ID NONRANDOM TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; LONG-TERM TRENDS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; RINGED SEALS; MARK-RECAPTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; OPEN-WATER; FOOD WEBS AB In the southern Beaufort Sea of the United States and Canada, prior investigations have linked declines in summer sea ice to reduced physical condition, growth, and survival of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Combined with projections of population decline due to continued climate warming and the ensuing loss of sea ice habitat, those findings contributed to the 2008 decision to list the species as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Here, we used mark-recapture models to investigate the population dynamics of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea from 2001 to 2010, years during which the spatial and temporal extent of summer sea ice generally declined. Low survival from 2004 through 2006 led to a 25-50% decline in abundance. We hypothesize that low survival during this period resulted from (1) unfavorable ice conditions that limited access to prey during multiple seasons; and possibly, (2) low prey abundance. For reasons that are not clear, survival of adults and cubs began to improve in 2007 and abundance was comparatively stable from 2008 to 2010, with; similar to 900 bears in 2010 (90% CI 606-1212). However, survival of subadult bears declined throughout the entire period. Reduced spatial and temporal availability of sea ice is expected to increasingly force population dynamics of polar bears as the climate continues to warm. However, in the short term, our findings suggest that factors other than sea ice can influence survival. A refined understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying polar bear population dynamics is necessary to improve projections of their future status and facilitate development of management strategies. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.; Durner, George M.; Atwood, Todd; Amstrup, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McDonald, Trent L.] Western Ecosyst Technol, Cheyenne, WY 82070 USA. [Stirling, Ian; Richardson, Evan S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch,Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Stirling, Ian; Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500; Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas; U.S. Bureau of Land Management; Canadian Wildlife Federation; Environment Canada; Circumpolar/Boreal Alberta Research; Inuvialuit Game Council; National Fish and Wildlife Federation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Parks Canada; Polar Bears International; Polar Continental Shelf Project; Quark Expeditions; U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; Ecosystems Mission Area; Science Support Partnership Program; University of Alberta; World Wildlife Fund (Canada) FX We thank the many members of the U.S. Geological Survey, Environment Canada, and the University of Alberta field crews and the pilots transporting them for collection of the raw data. We also thank Julienne Stroeve of the University of Colorado, National Snow and Ice Data Center for providing the meltseason covariate, and Tom Evans, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, Alaska, and Marsha Branigan, Government of the Northwest Territories, Environment and Natural Resources, Inuvik, Northwest Territories (NT), Canada, for providing access to harvest records of marked bears. William Kendall, Karen Oakley, Karyn Rode, and Michael Runge of the U.S. Geological Survey, and five anonymous referees provided helpful comments on earlier drafts. The Subject Matter Editor's management of peer review was extremely helpful. Support for longterm research on SBS polar bears conducted in the United States was provided by U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas, and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Support for research conducted in Canada was provided by the Canadian Wildlife Federation; Environment Canada; Circumpolar/Boreal Alberta Research; Inuvialuit Game Council; National Fish and Wildlife Federation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Parks Canada; Polar Bears International; Polar Continental Shelf Project; Quark Expeditions; U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Science Support Partnership Program (2003-2005); University of Alberta; and World Wildlife Fund (Canada). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (E. V. Regehr). Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. federal government. NR 123 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 38 U2 244 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 BP 634 EP 651 DI 10.1890/14-1129.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE5DE UT WOS:000351849700005 PM 26214910 ER PT J AU Peterson, AC Niemi, GJ Johnson, DH AF Peterson, Anna C. Niemi, Gerald J. Johnson, Douglas H. TI Patterns in diurnal airspace use by migratory landbirds along an ecological barrier SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aeroecology; airspace conservation; airspace habitat; ecological barrier; Lake Superior; landbird migration ID BIRD MIGRATION; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES; MORTALITY; FLIGHT; RADAR; POPULATIONS; CANADA AB Migratory bird populations and survival are affected by conditions experienced during migration. While many studies and conservation and management efforts focus on terrestrial stoppage and staging areas, the aerial environment through which migrants move also is subjected to anthropogenic impacts with potential consequences to migratory movement and survival. During autumn migration, the northern coastline of Lake Superior acts as an ecological barrier for many landbirds migrating out of the boreal forests of North America. From 24 observation points, we assessed the diurnal movements of birds throughout autumn migration, 2008-2010, within a 210310 km coastal region along the northern coast of Lake Superior. Several raptor species showed patterns in airspace associated with topographic features such as proximity to the coastline and presence of ridgelines. Funneling movement, commonly used to describe the concentration of raptors along a migratory diversion line that either prevents or enhances migration progress, occurred only for Bald and Golden Eagles. This suggests a "leaky" migration funnel for most migratory raptors (e.g., migrating birds exiting the purported migration corridor). Passerines migrating during the late season showed more spatial and temporal structure in airspace distribution than raptors did, including funneling and an association with airspace near the coast. We conclude that (1) the diurnal use of airspace by many migratory landbirds is patterned in space and time, (2) autumn count sites situated along ecological barriers substantially underestimate the number of raptors due to "leakage" out of these concentration areas, and (3) the magnitude and structure of diurnal passerine movements in airspace have been overlooked. The heavy and structured use of airspace by migratory landbirds, especially the airspace associated with anthropogenic development (e.g., buildings, towers, turbines) necessitates a shift in focus to airspace management and conservation attention for these animals. C1 [Peterson, Anna C.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Peterson, Anna C.; Niemi, Gerald J.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Peterson, AC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM apeterson@western.edu FU NOAA's Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; Minnesota's Lake Superior Coastal Program; Minnesota Sea Grant; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Minnesota Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship; Natural Resources Research Institute; University of Minnesota Duluth FX We are grateful to the following individuals for their contributions and support: A. Balogh, J. Bednar, P. Dolan-Linne, C. Rutt, and H. Seeland for contributions in the field, J. Long and J. Green for support from Hawk Ridge Bird Observatory, C. Strijek for illustration support, and constructive comments from K. Atwell, R. Atwell, M. Cornett, S. Lanyon, J. Martinez-Gomez, and an anonymous reviewer. This project was funded in part under the Coastal Zone Management Act, by NOAA's Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, in cooperation with Minnesota's Lake Superior Coastal Program, Minnesota Sea Grant, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and University of Minnesota Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship. Matching funds were provided by the Natural Resources Research Institute and University of Minnesota Duluth. Housing was donated by the U.S. Forest Service and Lutsen Ski Resort. Finally, we are grateful to the Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Cliffs Mining, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and the private landowners who allowed access to observation sites. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 574 of the Center for Water and the Environment, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 BP 673 EP 684 DI 10.1890/14-0277.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE5DE UT WOS:000351849700008 PM 26214913 ER PT J AU Solomon, CT Jones, SE Weidel, BC Buffam, I Fork, ML Karlsson, J Larsen, S Lennon, JT Read, JS Sadro, S Saros, JE AF Solomon, Christopher T. Jones, Stuart E. Weidel, Brian C. Buffam, Ishi Fork, Megan L. Karlsson, Jan Larsen, Soren Lennon, Jay T. Read, Jordan S. Sadro, Steven Saros, Jasmine E. TI Ecosystem Consequences of Changing Inputs of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter to Lakes: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE lake; ecosystem; dissolved organic matter; dissolved organic carbon; terrestrial inputs; allochthonous; environmental change; review ID PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; NORTH-AMERICAN LAKES; SOLAR UV-RADIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DRINKING-WATER; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CARBON CONCENTRATIONS; ALLOCHTHONOUS CARBON AB Lake ecosystems and the services that they provide to people are profoundly influenced by dissolved organic matter derived from terrestrial plant tissues. These terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) inputs to lakes have changed substantially in recent decades, and will likely continue to change. In this paper, we first briefly review the substantial literature describing tDOM effects on lakes and ongoing changes in tDOM inputs. We then identify and provide examples of four major challenges which limit predictions about the implications of tDOM change for lakes, as follows: First, it is currently difficult to forecast future tDOM inputs for particular lakes or lake regions. Second, tDOM influences ecosystems via complex, interacting, physical-chemical-biological effects and our holistic understanding of those effects is still rudimentary. Third, non-linearities and thresholds in relationships between tDOM inputs and ecosystem processes have not been well described. Fourth, much understanding of tDOM effects is built on comparative studies across space that may not capture likely responses through time. We conclude by identifying research approaches that may be important for overcoming those challenges in order to provide policy- and management-relevant predictions about the implications of changing tDOM inputs for lakes. C1 [Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Jones, Stuart E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN USA. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. [Buffam, Ishi] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Buffam, Ishi] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Fork, Megan L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Karlsson, Jan] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Umea, Sweden. [Larsen, Soren] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Oslo, Norway. [Lennon, Jay T.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. [Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. [Sadro, Steven] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Saros, Jasmine E.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USA. RP Solomon, CT (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM chris.solomon@mcgill.ca RI Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014; OI Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257; Buffam, Ishi/0000-0002-2625-6640 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0842441]; Norwegian Research Council [224779/E10]; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX This paper arose from a special session at the 2012 meeting of the Ecological Society of America. Our work on it was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the U.S. National Science Foundation (including DEB-0842441 to JTL and SEJ), the Norwegian Research Council (Grant No. 224779/E10 to D. Hessen), and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. This article is contribution 1901 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. D. Monteith and collaborators graciously provided data from the ICP Waters program for Figure 1B. Comments from M. Pace and the anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 126 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 21 U2 104 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2015 VL 18 IS 3 BP 376 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9848-y PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE1XE UT WOS:000351605400002 ER PT J AU Harris, MC Dotseth, EJ Jackson, BT Zink, SD Marek, PE Kramer, LD Paulson, SL Hawley, DM AF Harris, M. Camille Dotseth, Eric J. Jackson, Bryan T. Zink, Steven D. Marek, Paul E. Kramer, Laura D. Paulson, Sally L. Hawley, Dana M. TI La Crosse Virus in Aedes japonicus japonicus Mosquitoes in the Appalachian Region, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BUNYAVIRIDAE; ALBOPICTUS; CULICIDAE; VIRGINIA; DIPTERA AB La Crosse virus (LACV), a leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in children in the United States, is emerging in Appalachia. For local arboviral surveillance, mosquitoes were tested. LACV RNA was detected and isolated from Aedes japonicus mosquitoes. These invasive mosquitoes may significantly affect LACV range expansion and dynamics. C1 [Harris, M. Camille; Jackson, Bryan T.; Marek, Paul E.; Paulson, Sally L.; Hawley, Dana M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dotseth, Eric J.] West Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Charleston, WV USA. [Zink, Steven D.; Kramer, Laura D.] New York State Dept Hlth, Slingerlands, NY USA. RP Harris, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Ecosyst, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mcharris@usgs.gov OI Hawley, Dana/0000-0001-9573-2914; Zink, Steven/0000-0002-3271-0192 FU CDC Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases grant; National Institutes of Health Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award [1F31AI080160-01A1] FX Mosquito surveillance in West Virginia was supported in part by a CDC Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases grant. Contributions of M.C.H. were supported in part by a National Institutes of Health Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award for Individual Predoctoral Fellows (no. 1F31AI080160-01A1). NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2015 VL 21 IS 4 BP 646 EP 649 DI 10.3201/eid2104.140734 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CE2NK UT WOS:000351652100012 PM 25811131 ER PT J AU Reyes, JC Riano, AC Kalkan, E Arango, CM AF Reyes, Juan C. Riano, Andrea C. Kalkan, Erol Arango, Carlos M. TI Extending modal pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of multi-story unsymmetric-plan buildings SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Modal pushover-based scaling; Response history analysis; Unsymmetric-plan buildings ID GROUND MOTION; INTENSITY MEASURES; TALL BUILDINGS; 2 COMPONENTS; NEAR-SOURCE; SELECTION; RECORDS; DESIGN AB The modal-pushover-based-scaling (MPS) procedure has been developed for appositely selecting and scaling earthquake records for nonlinear response history analyses (RHAs) of multi-story symmetric-plan and single-story unsymmetric-plan buildings. This procedure is extended here to unsymmetric-plan buildings with significant torsional response under hi-directional earthquake excitations, The accuracy of the procedure is evaluated by using three-dimensional computer models of nine unsymmetric-plan buildings with 5, 10 and 15 stories. These models were subjected to nonlinear RHAs considering sets of seven far-field records selected and scaled according to the extended modal-pushover-based-scaling (EMPS) procedure. Structural responses were compared against benchmark values, defined as the median values of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs) due to a larger set of unscaled far-field records. Also examined here is the ASCE/SEI 7-10 scaling procedure for comparison purposes. This study clearly shows that the EMPS procedure provides much superior results in terms of accuracy (true estimates of expected median EDPs) and efficiency (reduced record-to-record variability of EDPs) than the ASCE/SEI 7-10 scaling procedure for far-field ground motions. Thus, the EMPS is deemed to be an appropriate procedure for nonlinear RHAs of multi-story unsymmetric-plan buildings. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reyes, Juan C.; Riano, Andrea C.; Arango, Carlos M.] Univ Los Andes, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bogota, Colombia. [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reyes, JC (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cra 1 18A-12, Bogota, Colombia. EM jureyes@uniandes.edu.co RI Reyes, Juan/R-3055-2016 OI Reyes, Juan/0000-0003-0690-2956 NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 EI 1873-7323 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 88 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.041 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA CE6XG UT WOS:000351980900010 ER PT J AU Shi, X Ayotte, JD Onda, A Miller, S Rees, J Gilbert-Diamond, D Onega, T Gui, J Karagas, M Moeschler, J AF Shi, Xun Ayotte, Joseph D. Onda, Akikazu Miller, Stephanie Rees, Judy Gilbert-Diamond, Diane Onega, Tracy Gui, Jiang Karagas, Margaret Moeschler, John TI Geospatial association between adverse birth outcomes and arsenic in groundwater in New Hampshire, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Preterm birth; Low birth weight; Arsenic; Groundwater; Locally weighted averaging smoothing; New Hampshire ID DRINKING-WATER; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; RESIDENTIAL PROXIMITY; EXPOSURE; BANGLADESH; WEIGHT; PATTERNS; MATLAB; SITES; SIZE AB There is increasing evidence of the role of arsenic in the etiology of adverse human reproductive outcomes. Because drinking water can be a major source of arsenic to pregnant women, the effect of arsenic exposure through drinking water on human birth may be revealed by a geospatial association between arsenic concentration in groundwater and birth problems, particularly in a region where private wells substantially account for water supply, like New Hampshire, USA. We calculated town-level rates of preterm birth and term low birth weight (term LBW) for New Hampshire, by using data for 1997-2009 stratified by maternal age. We smoothed the rates by using a locally weighted averaging method to increase the statistical stability. The town-level groundwater arsenic probability values are from three GIS data layers generated by the US Geological Survey: probability of local groundwater arsenic concentration > 1 A mu g/L, probability > 5 A mu g/L, and probability > 10 A mu g/L. We calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) between the reproductive outcomes (preterm birth and term LBW) and the arsenic probability values, at both state and county levels. For preterm birth, younger mothers (maternal age < 20) have a statewide r = 0.70 between the rates smoothed with a threshold = 2,000 births and the town mean arsenic level based on the data of probability > 10 A mu g/L; for older mothers, r = 0.19 when the smoothing threshold = 3,500; a majority of county level r values are positive based on the arsenic data of probability > 10 A mu g/L. For term LBW, younger mothers (maternal age < 25) have a statewide r = 0.44 between the rates smoothed with a threshold = 3,500 and town minimum arsenic concentration based on the data of probability > 1 A mu g/L; for older mothers, r = 0.14 when the rates are smoothed with a threshold = 1,000 births and also adjusted by town median household income in 1999, and the arsenic values are the town minimum based on probability > 10 A mu g/L. At the county level for younger mothers, positive r values prevail, but for older mothers, it is a mix. For both birth problems, the several most populous counties-with 60-80 % of the state's population and clustering at the southwest corner of the state-are largely consistent in having a positive r across different smoothing thresholds. We found evident spatial associations between the two adverse human reproductive outcomes and groundwater arsenic in New Hampshire, USA. However, the degree of associations and their sensitivity to different representations of arsenic level are variable. Generally, preterm birth has a stronger spatial association with groundwater arsenic than term LBW, suggesting an inconsistency in the impact of arsenic on the two reproductive outcomes. For both outcomes, younger maternal age has stronger spatial associations with groundwater arsenic. C1 [Shi, Xun; Onda, Akikazu] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ayotte, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, NH VT Off, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Miller, Stephanie; Rees, Judy; Gilbert-Diamond, Diane; Onega, Tracy; Gui, Jiang; Karagas, Margaret; Moeschler, John] Geisel Sch Med Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA. RP Shi, X (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM xun.shi@dartmouth.edu; jayotte@usgs.gov; akikazu.onda@gmail.com; Stephanie.D.Miller2@dartmouth.edu; Judith.R.Rees@dartmouth.edu; Diane.Gilbert-Diamond@dartmouth.edu; Tracy.L.Onega@dartmouth.edu; Jiang.Gui@dartmouth.edu; Margaret.R.Karagas@dartmouth.edu; John.Moeschler@dartmouth.edu FU USNIH [P20RO18787, P20ES018175]; USEPA [RD83459901] FX Acknowledgements: This study is supported by USNIH grants P20RO18787, P20ES018175, and USEPA grant RD83459901. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. *ArcGIS is a product name of the Environmental System Research Institute, Redland, California, US. Any use of trade, firm, or product names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 EI 1573-2983 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD APR PY 2015 VL 37 IS 2 BP 333 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s10653-014-9651-2 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA CE3TN UT WOS:000351751900010 PM 25326895 ER PT J AU Aumen, NG Havens, KE Best, GR Berry, L AF Aumen, Nicholas G. Havens, Karl E. Best, G. Ronnie Berry, Leonard TI Predicting Ecological Responses of the Florida Everglades to Possible Future Climate Scenarios: Introduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Everglades; Climate change; Ecological response; Restoration ID EUTROPHICATION AB Florida's Everglades stretch from the headwaters of the Kissimmee River near Orlando to Florida Bay. Under natural conditions in this flat landscape, water flowed slowly downstream as broad, shallow sheet flow. The ecosystem is markedly different now, altered by nutrient pollution and construction of canals, levees, and water control structures designed for flood control and water supply. These alterations have resulted in a 50 % reduction of the ecosystem's spatial extent and significant changes in ecological function in the remaining portion. One of the world's largest restoration programs is underway to restore some of the historic hydrologic and ecological functions of the Everglades, via a multi-billion dollar Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. This plan, finalized in 2000, did not explicitly consider climate change effects, yet today we realize that sea level rise and future changes in rainfall (RF), temperature, and evapotranspiration (ET) may have system-wide impacts. This series of papers describes results of a workshop where a regional hydrologic model was used to simulate the hydrology expected in 2060 with climate changes including increased temperature, ET, and sea level, and either an increase or decrease in RF. Ecologists with expertise in various areas of the ecosystem evaluated the hydrologic outputs, drew conclusions about potential ecosystem responses, and identified research needs where projections of response had high uncertainty. Resource managers participated in the workshop, and they present lessons learned regarding how the new information might be used to guide Everglades restoration in the context of climate change. C1 [Aumen, Nicholas G.; Best, G. Ronnie] US Geol Survey, Southeast Reg, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Havens, Karl E.] Univ Florida, Florida Sea Grant Coll Program, Gainesville, FL USA. [Berry, Leonard] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Jupiter, FL USA. RP Aumen, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Reg, 7500 SW 36th St, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM naumen@usgs.gov FU Florida Atlantic University Center for Environmental Studies; Florida Sea Grant Program; US Geological Survey FX The authors wish to thank the Florida Atlantic University Center for Environmental Studies, the Florida Sea Grant Program, and the US Geological Survey for providing financial support for this workshop and manuscript series. We also wish to thank Jayantha Obeysekara and Jennifer Barnes of the South Florida Water Management District for providing modeling support, and Donatto Surratt of Everglades National Park for assistance with figures. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 IS 4 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0439-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE4ZD UT WOS:000351838300001 PM 25743272 ER PT J AU Orem, W Newman, S Osborne, TZ Reddy, KR AF Orem, William Newman, Susan Osborne, Todd Z. Reddy, K. Ramesh TI Projecting Changes in Everglades Soil Biogeochemistry for Carbon and Other Key Elements, to Possible 2060 Climate and Hydrologic Scenarios SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate Change; Everglades; Biogeochemistry; Soil; Carbon; Nutrients ID NORTHERN FLORIDA EVERGLADES; WATER CONSERVATION AREA-3; WETLAND SOILS; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GREATER EVERGLADES; ORGANIC-MATTER; METHYLMERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; LAKE WATER; SEA-LEVEL AB Based on previously published studies of elemental cycling in Everglades soils, we projected how soil biogeochemistry, specifically carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and mercury might respond to climate change scenarios projected for 2060 by the South Florida Water Management Model. Water budgets and stage hydrographs from this model with future scenarios of a 10 % increased or decreased rainfall, a 1.5 A degrees C rise in temperature and associated increase in evapotranspiration (ET) and a 0.5 m rise in sea level were used to predict resulting effects on soil biogeochemistry. Precipitation is a much stronger driver of soil biogeochemical processes than temperature, because of links among water cover, redox conditions, and organic carbon accumulation in soils. Under the 10 % reduced rainfall scenario, large portions of the Everglades will experience dry down, organic soil oxidation, and shifts in soil redox that may dramatically alter biogeochemical processes. Lowering organic soil surface elevation may make portions of the Everglades more vulnerable to sea level rise. The 10 % increased rainfall scenario, while potentially increasing phosphorus, sulfur, and mercury loading to the ecosystem, would maintain organic soil integrity and redox conditions conducive to normal wetland biogeochemical element cycling. Effects of increased ET will be similar to those of decreased precipitation. Temperature increases would have the effect of increasing microbial processes driving biogeochemical element cycling, but the effect would be much less than that of precipitation. The combined effects of decreased rainfall and increased ET suggest catastrophic losses in carbon- and organic-associated elements throughout the peat-based Everglades. C1 [Orem, William] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Newman, Susan] South Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. [Osborne, Todd Z.] Univ Florida, Whitney Lab Marine Biosci, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. [Osborne, Todd Z.; Reddy, K. Ramesh] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Wetland Biogeochem Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Orem, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM borem@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystem Studies Program; South Florida Water Management District; University of Florida FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystem Studies Program (G. Ronnie Best and Nicholas Aumen, Program Managers), the South Florida Water Management District, and the University of Florida. This work resulted from a presentation at a meeting held at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida in February 2013, entitled "Predicting Ecological Changes in the Florida Everglades in a Future Climate Scenario''; and available at: www.ces.fau.edu/climate_change/ecology-february-2013/. Special thanks to Jenifer Barnes and staff of the South Florida Water Management District Hydrologic Modelling Group for providing all the model run scenarios. Trade names used in this report are for the purpose of full disclosure of analytical methods; no endorsement of any commercial product by the U.S. Geological Survey is implied. NR 134 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 IS 4 BP 776 EP 798 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0381-0 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE4ZD UT WOS:000351838300004 PM 25365946 ER PT J AU Catano, CP Romanach, SS Beerens, JM Pearlstine, LG Brandt, LA Hart, KM Mazzotti, FJ Trexler, JC AF Catano, Christopher P. Romanach, Stephanie S. Beerens, James M. Pearlstine, Leonard G. Brandt, Laura A. Hart, Kristen M. Mazzotti, Frank J. Trexler, Joel C. TI Using Scenario Planning to Evaluate the Impacts of Climate Change on Wildlife Populations and Communities in the Florida Everglades SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Ecosystem restoration; Habitat suitability models; Hydrologic disturbance; Wildlife management; Scenario planning ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ALLIGATOR HOLES; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; AMERICAN CROCODILE; PREY AVAILABILITY; CROCODYLUS-ACUTUS; NATIONAL-PARK; WHITE IBISES; LIFE-HISTORY; WETLAND AB It is uncertain how climate change will impact hydrologic drivers of wildlife population dynamics in freshwater wetlands of the Florida Everglades, or how to accommodate this uncertainty in restoration decisions. Using projections of climate scenarios for the year 2060, we evaluated how several possible futures could affect wildlife populations (wading birds, fish, alligators, native apple snails, amphibians, threatened and invasive species) across the Everglades landscape and inform planning already underway. We used data collected from prior research and monitoring to parameterize our wildlife population models. Hydrologic data were simulated using a spatially explicit, regional-scale model. Our scenario evaluations show that expected changes in temperature, precipitation, and sea level could significantly alter important ecological functions. All of our wildlife indicators were negatively affected by scenarios with less rainfall and more evapotranspiration. Under such scenarios, habitat suitability was substantially reduced for iconic animals such as wading birds and alligators. Conversely, the increased rainfall scenario benefited aquatic prey productivity and apex predators. Cascading impacts on non-native species is speculative, but increasing temperatures could increase the time between cold events that currently limit expansion and abundance of non-native fishes, amphibians, and reptiles with natural ranges in the tropics. This scenario planning framework underscored the benefits of proceeding with Everglades restoration plans that capture and clean more freshwater with the potential to mitigate rainfall loss and postpone impacts of sea level rise. C1 [Catano, Christopher P.] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Romanach, Stephanie S.; Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Beerens, James M.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Pearlstine, Leonard G.] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Trexler, Joel C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL USA. RP Catano, CP (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM chcatano@gmail.com OI Catano, Christopher/0000-0002-4060-7291; Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825 FU US Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science Program; Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation [DEB-1237517] FX We thank Jacob Bransky for assistance with figures, Erik Noonburg for aiding the development of the wading bird models, and the US Army Corps of Engineers for funding. Thanks for additional software development of the alligator model go to Craig Conzelmann, Kevin Suir, and Mark McKelvy at the USGS National Wetlands Research Center. Thanks to Phil Darby, Don DeAngelis, and Kevin Suir who developed the apple snail model. Also thanks to Hardin Waddle, Susan Walls, and Sumani Chimmula who developed the amphibian model. Partial funding for alligator, snail, and amphibian modeling was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science Program. Freshwater fish modeling was supported by cooperative agreement W912HZ-10-2-P00003 between the US Army Corps of Engineers and FIU and task agreement P12AC10563 between Everglades National Park and FIU. This material was developed in collaboration with the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation Grant No. DEB-1237517. NR 112 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 19 U2 88 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 IS 4 BP 807 EP 823 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0397-5 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE4ZD UT WOS:000351838300006 PM 25371194 ER PT J AU Koch, MS Coronado, C Miller, MW Rudnick, DT Stabenau, E Halley, RB Sklar, FH AF Koch, M. S. Coronado, C. Miller, M. W. Rudnick, D. T. Stabenau, E. Halley, R. B. Sklar, F. H. TI Climate Change Projected Effects on Coastal Foundation Communities of the Greater Everglades Using a 2060 Scenario: Need for a New Management Paradigm SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Sea level rise; Seagrass; Mangroves; Coral reefs; Management ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SEAGRASS THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; FLORIDA REEF TRACT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CORAL-REEFS; MANGROVE FORESTS; WATER-QUALITY; TROPICAL SEAGRASS; NATIONAL-PARK; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE AB Rising sea levels and temperature will be dominant drivers of coastal Everglades' foundation communities (i.e., mangrove forests, seagrass/macroalgae, and coral reefs) by 2060 based on a climate change scenario of +1.5 A degrees C temperature, +1.5 foot (46 cm) in sea level, +/- 10 % in precipitation and 490 ppm CO2. Current mangrove forest soil elevation change in South Florida ranges from 0.9 to 2.5 mm year(-1) and would have to increase twofold to fourfold in order to accommodate a 2060 sea level rise rate. No evidence is available to indicate that coastal mangroves from South Florida and the wider Caribbean can keep pace with a rapid rate of sea level rise. Thus, particles and nutrients from destabilized coastlines could be mobilized and impact benthic habitats of southern Florida. Uncertainties in regional geomorphology and coastal current changes under higher sea levels make this prediction tentative without further research. The 2060 higher temperature scenario would compromise Florida's coral reefs that are already degraded. We suggest that a new paradigm is needed for resource management under climate change that manages coastlines for resilience to marine transgression and promotes active ecosystem management. In the case of the Everglades, greater freshwater flows could maximize mangrove peat accumulation, stabilize coastlines, and limit saltwater intrusion, while specific coral species may require propagation. Further, we suggest that regional climate drivers and oceanographic processes be incorporated into Everglades and South Florida management plans, as they are likely to impact coastal ecosystems, interior freshwater wetlands and urban coastlines over the next few decades. C1 [Koch, M. S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Coronado, C.; Sklar, F. H.] South Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Syst Assessment, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. [Miller, M. W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, Benth Ecosyst Assessment & Res, NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rudnick, D. T.; Stabenau, E.] South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Halley, R. B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Koch, MS (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM mkoch@fau.edu OI Stabenau, Erik/0000-0002-6574-9317 FU FAU; USGS; Florida Sea Grant FX We are appreciative of Drs. Haven, Best, Aumen and Berry, and the other members of the steering committee, and their respective institutions (United States Geological Survey, Florida Sea Grant, National Park Service, South Florida Water Management District, US Army Corps of Engineers, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Florida State University, Florida Atlantic University) for their efforts in organizing the "Predicting Ecological Changes in the Florida Everglades in a Future Climate Scenario-2060'' workshop held at FAU in Boca Raton, Florida, February 14-15, 2013. At a follow-up workshop on management considerations (April 2014 at FAU) data needs were articulated by a coastal working group (Joan Browder, Peter Ortner, Billy Causey, Bob Glazer, Diego Lirman, Chris Kelble, Mingshun Jiang, Lynn Wingard, Marguerite Koch, Karen Johnson-Young) and incorporated into the manuscript. We appreciate Pamela Fletcher's (Sea Grant and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) assistance on graphics and editing of Figure 1. Sponsors of the workshop are also recognized: FAU, USGS, and Florida Sea Grant. We are grateful to Lynn Wingard (USGS), Peter Ortner (RSMAS) and anonymous reviewers for their time and effort in significantly improving earlier versions of the manuscript. Mangrove SET data from southwest coast of the South Florida peninsula was kindly provided by Tom Smith (USGS). NR 123 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 79 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 IS 4 BP 857 EP 875 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0375-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE4ZD UT WOS:000351838300009 PM 25312295 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Lyons, JE Smith, DR AF McGowan, Conor P. Lyons, James E. Smith, David R. TI Developing Objectives with Multiple Stakeholders: Adaptive Management of Horseshoe Crabs and Red Knots in the Delaware Bay SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Delaware Bay; Horseshoe crabs; Management objectives; Risk; Red knots; Structured decision making; Utility functions ID STRUCTURED DECISION-MAKING; LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; CONSERVATION; UNCERTAINTY; POPULATION; UMBRELLA; HARVEST; WATERFOWL; FRAMEWORK; DECLINE AB Structured decision making (SDM) is an increasingly utilized approach and set of tools for addressing complex decisions in environmental management. SDM is a value-focused thinking approach that places paramount importance on first establishing clear management objectives that reflect core values of stakeholders. To be useful for management, objectives must be transparently stated in unambiguous and measurable terms. We used these concepts to develop consensus objectives for the multiple stakeholders of horseshoe crab harvest in Delaware Bay. Participating stakeholders first agreed on a qualitative statement of fundamental objectives, and then worked to convert those objectives to specific and measurable quantities, so that management decisions could be assessed. We used a constraint-based approach where the conservation objectives for Red Knots, a species of migratory shorebird that relies on horseshoe crab eggs as a food resource during migration, constrained the utility of crab harvest. Developing utility functions to effectively reflect the management objectives allowed us to incorporate stakeholder risk aversion even though different stakeholder groups were averse to different or competing risks. While measurable objectives and quantitative utility functions seem scientific, developing these objectives was fundamentally driven by the values of the participating stakeholders. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [McGowan, Conor P.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov FU USGS; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX We thank the members of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Horseshoe Crab Technical Committee, USFWS Shorebird Technical Committee, and the Management Board for their participation in and support of this process. We are grateful to the members of the Delaware Bay Adaptive Management Modeling Work Group (J. Brust, L. Niles, K. Kalasz, J. Sweka, R. Wong, J. Nichols, M. Kopfler, and B. Spear). We also thank the USGS and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for financial and logistic support of this work. Lastly, we thank C.T. Moore and other reviewers and editors of this paper for helping revise and improve this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2015 VL 55 IS 4 BP 972 EP 982 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0422-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE4ZD UT WOS:000351838300017 PM 25537153 ER PT J AU Reynolds, LV Shafroth, PB Poff, NL AF Reynolds, Lindsay V. Shafroth, Patrick B. Poff, N. LeRoy TI Modeled intermittency risk for small streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin under climate change SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Surface water hydrology; Streamflow permanence; Ecological flows; Drought; Arid lands ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; UNITED-STATES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FLOW REGIMES; VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGY; REGION; 20TH-CENTURY AB Longer, drier summers projected for arid and semi-arid regions of western North America under climate change are likely to have enormous consequences for water resources and river-dependent ecosystems. Many climate change scenarios for this region involve decreases in mean annual streamflow, late-summer precipitation and late-summer streamflow in the coming decades. Intermittent streams are already common in this region, and it is likely that minimum flows will decrease and some perennial streams will shift to intermittent flow under climate-driven changes in timing and magnitude of precipitation and runoff, combined with increases in temperature. To understand current intermittency among streams and analyze the potential for streams to shift from perennial to intermittent under a warmer climate, we analyzed historic flow records from streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). Approximately two-thirds of 115 gaged stream reaches included in our analysis are currently perennial and the rest have some degree of intermittency. Dry years with combinations of high temperatures and low precipitation were associated with more zero-flow days. Mean annual flow was positively related to minimum flows, suggesting that potential future declines in mean annual flows will correspond with declines in minimum flows. The most important landscape variables for predicting low flow metrics were precipitation, percent snow, potential evapotranspiration, soils, and drainage area. Perennial streams in the UCRB that have high minimum-flow variability and low mean flows are likely to be most susceptible to increasing streamflow intermittency in the future. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reynolds, Lindsay V.; Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reynolds, Lindsay V.; Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Reynolds, LV (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM reynoldsl@usgs.gov FU USGS Climate Effects Network; US Bureau of Reclamation, Water Smart Program [R11AC81525] FX We thank the USGS Climate Effects Network and the US Bureau of Reclamation, Water Smart Program for financial support (Reclamation Grant #R11AC81525). Thanks to J. Heasley and A. Chiang for assistance with programming and data analysis. Thanks also to D. Clow, T. Kenney, D. Susong, B. Bovee, D. Auerbach and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 523 BP 768 EP 780 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.025 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CE6TS UT WOS:000351971700063 ER PT J AU Beston, JA Diffendorfer, JE Loss, S AF Beston, Julie A. Diffendorfer, Jay E. Loss, Scott TI Insufficient Sampling to Identify Species Affected by Turbine Collisions SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian; fatality; monitoring; North America; turbine collisions; wind energy ID AVIAN MORTALITY; BAT FATALITIES; UNITED-STATES; WIND; FACILITIES; RICHNESS; BIRD AB We compared the number of avian species detected and the sampling effort during fatality monitoring at 50 North American wind facilities. Facilities with short intervals between sampling events and high effort detected more species, but many facilities appeared undersampled. Species accumulation curves for 2 wind facilities studied for more than 1 year had yet to reach an asymptote. The monitoring effort that is typically invested is likely inadequate to identify all of the species killed by wind turbines. This may understate impacts for rare species of conservation concern that collide infrequently with turbines but suffer disproportionate consequences from those fatalities. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Beston, Julie A.; Diffendorfer, Jay E.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr MS 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Loss, Scott] Oklahoma State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Diffendorfer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr MS 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jediffendorfer@usgs.gov OI Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2015 VL 79 IS 3 BP 513 EP 517 DI 10.1002/jwmg.852 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CE2FN UT WOS:000351629900017 ER PT J AU Toth, LT Aronson, RB Cobb, KM Cheng, H Edwards, RL Grothe, PR Sayani, HR AF Toth, Lauren T. Aronson, Richard B. Cobb, Kim M. Cheng, Hai Edwards, R. Lawrence Grothe, Pamela R. Sayani, Hussein R. TI Climatic and biotic thresholds of coral-reef shutdown SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; OSCILLATION; GALAPAGOS; HOLOCENE; DECLINE; RECORD; GROWTH AB Climate change is now the leading cause of coral-reef degradation and is altering the adaptive landscape of coral populations(1,2). Increasing sea temperatures and declining carbonate saturation states are inhibiting short-term rates of coral calcification, carbonate precipitation and submarine cementation(3-5). A critical challenge to coral-reef conservation is understanding the mechanisms by which environmental perturbations scale up to influence long-term rates of reef-framework construction and ecosystem function(6,7). Here we reconstruct climatic and oceanographic variability using corals sampled from a 6,750-year core from Pacific Panama. Simultaneous reconstructions of coral palaeophysiology and reef accretion allowed us to identify the climatic and biotic thresholds associated with a 2,500-year hiatus in vertical accretion beginning similar to 4,100 years ago(8). Stronger upwelling, cooler sea temperatures and greater precipitation-indicators of La Nina-like conditions-were closely associated with abrupt reef shutdown. The physiological condition of the corals deteriorated at the onset of the hiatus, corroborating theoretical predictions that the tipping points of radical ecosystem transitions should be manifested sublethally in the biotic constituents(9). Future climate change could cause similar threshold behaviours, leading to another shutdown in reef development in the tropical eastern Pacific. C1 [Toth, Lauren T.; Aronson, Richard B.] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Aronson, Richard B.] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Aronson, Richard B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Cobb, Kim M.; Grothe, Pamela R.; Sayani, Hussein R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cheng, Hai] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Toth, LT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ltoth@usgs.gov FU Geological Society of America; American Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network; Natural Science Foundation of China [41230524] FX We are grateful to P. Swart, A. Rosenberg and A. Waite for providing assistance with geochemical analyses. We also thank M. Bush, P. Glynn, J. Trefry and R. van Woesik for advice and discussion. H. Guzman and S. Dos Santos of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute provided regional temperature and rainfall data for the proxy calibrations. This research was financially supported by a Graduate Student Research Grant from the Geological Society of America, a grant from the Lerner-Gray Fund for Marine Research of the American Museum of Natural History, grants from the Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network, and the Natural Science Foundation of China an no 41230524. Field work was carried out under permits from the Republic, of Panama. This paper is dedicated to IN memory of G. M. Wellington, whose research in Is eastern Pacific laid the foundations on which our work is built. This is Contribution 128 from the Institute for Research on Global Climate Change at the Florida Institute of Technology. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD APR PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 369 EP 374 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE5AM UT WOS:000351842100023 ER PT J AU Maguffin, SC Kirk, MF Daigle, AR Hinkle, SR Jin, QS AF Maguffin, Scott C. Kirk, Matthew F. Daigle, Ashley R. Hinkle, Stephen R. Jin, Qusheng TI Substantial contribution of biomethylation to aquifer arsenic cycling SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER SAMPLES; WELL-WATER; SPECIATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENT; BEHAVIOR; ELEMENTS; BENGAL; CHINA AB Microbes play a prominent role in transforming arsenic to and from immobile forms in aquifers(1). Much of this cycling involves inorganic forms of arsenic(2), but microbes can also generate organic forms through methylation(3), although this process is often considered insignificant in aquifers(4-7). Here we identify the presence of dimethylarsinate and other methylated arsenic species in an aquifer hosted in volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. We find that dimethylarsinate is widespread in the aquifer and its concentration correlates strongly with arsenite concentration. We use laboratory incubation experiments and an aquifer injection test to show that aquifer microbes can produce dimethylarsinate at rates of about 0.1% of total dissolved arsenic per day, comparable to rates of dimethylarsinate production in surface environments. Based on these results, we estimate that globally, biomethylation in aquifers has the potential to transform 100 tons of inorganic arsenic to methylated arsenic species per year, compared with the 420-1,250 tons of inorganic arsenic that undergoes biomethylation in soils(8). We therefore conclude that biomethylation could contribute significantly to aquifer arsenic cycling. Because biomethylation yields arsine andmethylarsines, which are more volatile and prone to diffusion than other arsenic species, we further suggest that biomethylation may serve as a link between surface and subsurface arsenic cycling. C1 [Maguffin, Scott C.; Daigle, Ashley R.; Jin, Qusheng] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Kirk, Matthew F.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hinkle, Stephen R.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Jin, QS (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM qjin@uoregon.edu RI Kirk, Matthew/A-3274-2013 FU US National Science Foundation [0810190] FX We thank the well owners for access permission, H. Jin for help with field sampling and J. Istok for assistance in the aquifer test. This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation (grant 0810190 to Q.J.). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 290 EP 293 DI 10.1038/NGEO2383 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE8HK UT WOS:000352082300019 ER PT J AU Hanson, CC Jolley, WJ Smith, G Garcelon, DK Keitt, BS Little, AE Campbell, KJ AF Hanson, Chad C. Jolley, Wesley J. Smith, Grace Garcelon, David K. Keitt, Bradford S. Little, Annie E. Campbell, Karl J. TI Feral cat eradication in the presence of endemic San Nicolas Island foxes SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Ecological restoration; Non-native mammals; Introduced species; Felis silvestris catus; Trapping; Urocyon littoralis dickeyi ID CALIFORNIA; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS AB Projects to eradicate invasive species from islands are a high priority for conservation. Here we describe the process used to successfully eradicate an introduced carnivore on an island where a native carnivore of similar size was also present. We primarily used padded leg-hold live trapping to capture feral cats (Felis silvestris catus). Trapped feral cats were transported off-island and housed in a permanent enclosure on the continent. We used additional methods, such as tracking dogs and spotlight hunting, to detect and remove more-difficult individuals. Project implementation caused no significant negative impacts to the endemic San Nicolas Island fox (Urocyon littoralis dickey) population. Mitigation measures included on-site veterinary resources, modified padded leg-hold live traps, conditioned trap aversion, a trap monitoring system and personnel training. To confirm eradication, we utilized camera traps and sign search data in a model to predict project success. A key part of the success of this project was the partnerships formed between NGOs, and government organizations. With support from the partnership, the use of innovative technology to improve traditional trapping methods allowed feral cats to be removed effectively in the presence of a native species occupying a similar niche. This project shows that strong partnerships, innovative methods, and use of technology can provide the conditions to eradicate invasive species when major barriers to success exist. C1 [Hanson, Chad C.; Jolley, Wesley J.; Keitt, Bradford S.; Campbell, Karl J.] Isl Conservat, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Smith, Grace] NAWCWD Sustainabil Off, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. [Garcelon, David K.] Inst Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. [Little, Annie E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. [Campbell, Karl J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Jolley, WJ (reprint author), Isl Conservat, 2161 Delaware Ave Suite A, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM wes.jolley@islandconservation.org FU Montrose Settlements Restoration Program FX A special thanks to Bill Wood for assistance in refining the trapping techniques used in this project. This project was funded by the Montrose Settlements Restoration Program. Field work was conducted by IC staff: Larry Bennett, Jake Bonham, K.J.C, Nathan Fowler, Tommy Hall, C.C.H, W.J.J, Erik Oberg, Rory Stansbury, David Will, Bill Wood, and IWS staff; Hower Blair, D.K.G, Daniel Jackson, Kari Signor, Thomas Thein, Jessica Sanchez, Leslie Witter, and Winston Vickers. Greg Baxter and 2 anonymous reviewers improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2015 VL 17 IS 4 BP 977 EP 986 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0784-0 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD6KF UT WOS:000351197300002 ER PT J AU Rose, RA Byler, D Eastman, JR Fleishman, E Geller, G Goetz, S Guild, L Hamilton, H Hansen, M Headley, R Hewson, J Horning, N Kaplin, BA Laporte, N Leidner, A Leinagruber, P Morisette, J Musinsky, J Pintea, L Prados, A Radeloff, VC Rowen, M Saatchi, S Schil, S Tabor, K Turner, W Vodacek, A Vogelnaann, J Wegmann, M Wilkie, D AF Rose, Robert A. Byler, Dirck Eastman, J. Ron Fleishman, Erica Geller, Gary Goetz, Scott Guild, Liane Hamilton, Healy Hansen, Matt Headley, Rachel Hewson, Jennifer Horning, Ned Kaplin, Beth A. Laporte, Nadine Leidner, Allison Leinagruber, Peter Morisette, Jeffrey Musinsky, John Pintea, Lilian Prados, Ana Radeloff, Volker C. Rowen, Mary Saatchi, Sassan Schil, Steve Tabor, Karyn Turner, Woody Vodacek, Anthony Vogelnaann, James Wegmann, Martin Wilkie, David TI Ten ways remote sensing can contribute to conservation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE applied research; biodiversity; priority setting; remote sensing ID PROTECTED AREAS; GOLDEN EAGLES; MIGRATION; HABITAT; QUESTIONS; DIVERSITY; PAYMENTS; SERVICES; IMPACTS; SCIENCE AB In an effort to increase conservation effectiveness through the use of Earth observation technologies, a group of remote sensing scientists affiliated with government and academic institutions and conservation organizations identified 10 questions in conservation for which the potential to be answered would be greatly increased by use of remotely sensed data and analyses of those data. Our goals were to increase conservation practitioners' use of remote sensing to support their work, increase collaboration between the conservation science and remote sensing communities, identify and develop new and innovative uses of remote sensing for advancing conservation science, provide guidance to space agencies on how future satellite missions can support conservation science, and generate support from the public and private sector in the use of remote sensing data to address the 10 conservation questions. We identified a broad initial list of questions on the basis of an email chain-referral survey. We then used a workshop-based iterative and collaborative approach to whittle the list down to these final questions (which represent 10 major themes in conservation): How can global Earth observation data be used to model species distributions and abundances? How can remote sensing improve the understanding of animal movements? How can remotely sensed ecosystem variables be used to understand, monitor, and predict ecosystem response and resilience to multiple stressors? How can remote sensing be used to monitor the effects of climate on ecosystems? How can near real-time ecosystem monitoring catalyze threat reduction, governance and regulation compliance, and resource management decisions? How can remote sensing inform configuration of protected area networks at spatial extents relevant to populations of target species and ecosystem services? How can remote sensing-derived products be used to value and monitor changes in ecosystem services? How can remote sensing be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts? How does the expansion and intensification of agriculture and aquaculture alter ecosystems and the services they provide? How can remote sensing be used to determine the degree to which ecosystems are being disturbed or degraded and the effects of these changes on species and ecosystem functions? C1 [Rose, Robert A.; Wilkie, David] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Conservat Support, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Byler, Dirck] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Int Affairs, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Eastman, J. Ron] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Geller, Gary] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Goetz, Scott; Laporte, Nadine] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Guild, Liane] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hamilton, Healy] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Hansen, Matt] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Headley, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Sci Support Landsat Project, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hewson, Jennifer; Tabor, Karyn] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Horning, Ned] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Kaplin, Beth A.] Antioch Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, Keene, NH 03431 USA. [Leidner, Allison] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA Earth Sci Div, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Leinagruber, Peter] Conservat Ecol Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Musinsky, John] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Pintea, Lilian] Jane Goodall Inst, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. [Prados, Ana] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, SILVIS Lab, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rowen, Mary] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20541 USA. [Saatchi, Sassan] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schil, Steve] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Turner, Woody] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Vodacek, Anthony] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Vogelnaann, James] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wegmann, Martin] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Remote Sensing, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. NOAA, Div Environm Res, NMFS, SWFSC, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Rose, RA (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Conservat Support, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM rrose@wcs.org RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015; Vodacek, Anthony/F-1585-2011; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153; Vodacek, Anthony/0000-0001-9196-0928; Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Wegmann, Martin/0000-0003-0335-9601; Geller, Gary/0000-0002-4490-6002; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU NASA Earth Sciences Division [NNX12AP70G]; NASA FX We thank L. Choo from WCS for the logistical assistance provided and NASA Earth Sciences Division for their support through grant NNX12AP70G. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The research described in this article was in part carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the NASA. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 16 U2 126 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 IS 2 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1111/cobi.12397 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD8NY UT WOS:000351353400006 PM 25319024 ER PT J AU Lane-deGraaf, KE Amish, SJ Gardipee, F Jolles, A Luikart, G Ezenwa, VO AF Lane-deGraaf, K. E. Amish, S. J. Gardipee, F. Jolles, A. Luikart, G. Ezenwa, V. O. TI Signatures of natural and unnatural selection: evidence from an immune system gene in African buffalo SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Parasite-mediated selection; Syncerus caffer; Bovine tuberculosis; IFNG; Disease management; Genetic diversity; Gametic disequilibrium ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; DISEASE THREATS; HUMAN INTERFACE; MELES-MELES; LINKAGE MAP; IFN-GAMMA AB Pathogens often have negative effects on wildlife populations, and disease management strategies are important for mitigating opportunities for pathogen transmission. Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis; BTB) is widespread among African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) populations in southern Africa, and strategies for managing this disease vary. In two high profile parks, Kruger National Park (KNP) and Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HIP), BTB is either not actively managed (KNP) or managed using a test-and-cull program (HIP). Exploiting this variation in management tactics, we investigated potential evolutionary consequences of BTB and BTB management on buffalo by examining genetic diversity at IFNG, a locus which codes for interferon gamma, a signaling molecule vital in the immune response to BTB. Both heterozygosity and allelic richness were significantly and positively correlated with chromosomal distance from IFNG in KNP, suggesting that directional selection is acting on IFNG among buffalo in this park. While we did not see the same reduction in genetic variation around IFNG in HIP, we found evidence of a recent bottleneck, which might have eroded this signature due to genome-wide reductions in diversity. In KNP, alleles at IFNG were in significant gametic disequilibrium at both short and long chromosomal distances, but no statistically significant gametic disequilibrium was associated with IFNG in HIP. When, we compared genetic diversity between culled and non-culled subsets of HIP animals, we also found that individuals in the culled group had more rare alleles than those in the non-culled group, and that these rare alleles occurred at higher frequency. The observed excess of rare alleles in culled buffalo and the patterns of gametic disequilibrium in HIP suggest that management may be eroding immunogenetic diversity, disrupting haplotype associations in this population. Taken together, our results suggest that both infectious diseases and disease management strategies can influence host genetic diversity with important evolutionary consequences. C1 [Lane-deGraaf, K. E.; Ezenwa, V. O.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lane-deGraaf, K. E.; Ezenwa, V. O.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Amish, S. J.; Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Gardipee, F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Jolles, A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jolles, A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lane-deGraaf, KE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lanedegraaf.kelly@gmail.com; vezenwa@uga.edu FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program [DEB-1102493/EF-0723928, EF-0723918]; NSF Small Grant for Exploratory Research [DEB-0541762, DEB-0541981]; University of Montana Faculty Research Grant FX We thank Kwazulu-Natal Wildlife Service, Kwazulu-Natal State Veterinary Service, and South Africa National Parks Veterinary Services for facilitating this research. In particular, D. Cooper, P. Buss, and M. Hofmeyr provided invaluable assistance. We thank Matt Gruber for his assistance in the lab. Animal protocols used in this study were approved by the University of Georgia, the University of Montana and Oregon State University Animal Care and Use Committees. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (DEB-1102493/EF-0723928, EF-0723918), an NSF Small Grant for Exploratory Research (DEB-0541762, DEB-0541981) and a University of Montana Faculty Research Grant. NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 2 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0658-0 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CD7RA UT WOS:000351287400004 ER PT J AU Vilizzi, L Ekmekci, FG Tarkan, AS Jackson, ZJ AF Vilizzi, Lorenzo Ekmekci, F. Guler Tarkan, Ali Serhan Jackson, Zachary J. TI Growth of common carp Cyprinus carpio in Anatolia (Turkey), with a comparison to native and invasive areas worldwide SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Review DE wild; feral; domesticated; von Bertalanffy growth function; Koppen-Geiger ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; GEIGER CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION; LIFE-HISTORY PATTERNS; SCREENING TOOL; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; OPTIMAL ALLOCATION; CARASSIUS-GIBELIO; PERMUTATION TESTS AB Common carp Cyprinus carpio occurs in several non-native areas worldwide, where it is generally regarded as either naturalised or invasive. Anatolia (Turkey) represents a unique region for evaluating common carp growth, due both to its location at the southernmost range of expansion of the species' wild form and to most of its water bodies having been stocked with domesticated strains. Based on a review of length-at-age data for common carp stocks from 45 water bodies sampled between 1953 and 2007, regional patterns in growth across climates, water body types, scalation variants and sexes, along with altitudinal gradients in growth performance and mortality, were investigated. Growth rates were lower in cold and arid relative to temperate climates, and also under hot or dry summers; this was true also of the mirror relative to the scale variant, males to females, but not of water body types (i.e., man-made reservoirs, natural lakes, water courses). Growth performance and mortality decreased with increasing altitude and decreasing temperature, likely due to optimisation of resource allocation between growth and reproduction. Growth rate of common carp from Anatolia was consistently lower compared to its native (Eurasian) and, especially, invasive (North American) counterparts, which reflected an opportunistic life-history strategy. Lower growth rates in Anatolia were ascribed to lower resilience of the widespread mirror variant together with limited habitat for spawning in man-made reservoirs. Better knowledge of common carp growth in Anatolia will improve stock management and conservation efforts. Further studies will help clarify the mechanisms responsible for evolutionary genotype-phenotype inter-relationships. C1 [Vilizzi, Lorenzo] Ichth Oz Environm Sci Res, Irymple, Vic 3498, Australia. [Ekmekci, F. Guler] Hacettepe Univ, Fac Sci, Ankara, Turkey. [Tarkan, Ali Serhan] Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ, Fac Fisheries, Mugla, Turkey. [Jackson, Zachary J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi, CA USA. RP Vilizzi, L (reprint author), Ichth Oz Environm Sci Res, 972 Irymple Ave, Irymple, Vic 3498, Australia. EM lorenzo.vilizzi@gmail.com FU Mark Mitchell Foundation (Adelaide, Australia) FX We are indebted to Ms Zeynep Yucel for her scrupulous assistance in the provision of some 'hard-to-get' literature references, and to Baran Yogurtcuoglu for helping with the compilation of altitudes for most of the locations. The Mark Mitchell Foundation (Adelaide, Australia) provided funding to the first author for the collection of several literature references as part of a PhD carried out in the mid-1990s. We are grateful Vladimir Kovac for providing insights into the evolutionary implications of the present findings. This study was originally inspired by discussions amongst the authors at the International Workshop on 'New approaches for assessing the impacts of non-native freshwater fishes in the Mediterranean region' held at Mugla University (Mugla, Turkey), 26-29 October 2010. The present paper was greatly improved by both reviewers' and editorial comments. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 84 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD APR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1111/eff.12141 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD8MN UT WOS:000351349400001 ER PT J AU Walsworth, TE Schindler, DE Griffiths, JR Zimmerman, CE AF Walsworth, Timothy E. Schindler, Daniel E. Griffiths, Jennifer R. Zimmerman, Christian E. TI Diverse juvenile life-history behaviours contribute to the spawning stock of an anadromous fish population SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Life-history diversity; habitat network; otolith microchemistry; Oncorhynchus nerka ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; OTOLITH STRONTIUM; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; COHO SALMON; RIVER; ENVIRONMENTS; CHEMISTRY; HABITAT; TROUT AB Habitat quality often varies substantially across space and time, producing a shifting mosaic of growth and mortality trade-offs across watersheds. Traditional studies of juvenile habitat use have emphasised the evolution of single optimal strategies that maximise recruitment to adulthood and eventual fitness. However, linking the distribution of individual behaviours that contribute to recruitment at the population level has been elusive, particularly for highly fecund aquatic organisms. We examined juvenile habitat use within a population of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that spawn in a watershed consisting of two interconnected lakes and a marine lagoon. Otolith microchemical analysis revealed that the productive headwater lake accounted for about half of juvenile growth for those individuals surviving to spawn in a single river in the upper watershed. However, 47% of adults had achieved more than half of their juvenile growth in the downstream less productive lake, and 3% of individuals migrated to the estuarine environment during their first summer and returned to freshwater to overwinter before migrating back to sea. These results describe a diversity of viable habitat-use strategies by juvenile sockeye salmon that may buffer the population against poor conditions in any single rearing environment, reduce density-dependent mortality and have implications for the designation of critical habitat for conservation purposes. A network of accessible alternative habitats providing trade-offs in growth and survival may be important for long-term viability of populations. C1 [Walsworth, Timothy E.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Griffiths, Jennifer R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Walsworth, TE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tew-als@uw.edu OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation; Chignik Regional Aquaculture Association; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Graduate Fellowship FX We thank Peter Westley, Andrew Rypel and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments that have helped strengthen this manuscript; Morgan Bond for insightful discussions; and Conrad Gowell for help with field collections. This project was funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Chignik Regional Aquaculture Association, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Geological Survey and a University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Graduate Fellowship. Use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD APR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1111/eff.12135 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD8MN UT WOS:000351349400004 ER PT J AU Saunders, WC Budy, P Thiede, GP AF Saunders, W. Carl Budy, Phaedra Thiede, Gary P. TI Demographic changes following mechanical removal of exotic brown trout in an Intermountain West (USA), high-elevation stream SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE mechanical removal; population response; density dependence; Salmo trutta; invasive species ID BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; SALMO-TRUTTA; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; COLORADO STREAMS; INVASION SUCCESS; POPULATION; SURVIVAL AB Exotic species present a great threat to native fish conservation; however, eradicating exotics is expensive and often impractical. Mechanical removal can be ineffective for eradication, but nonetheless may increase management effectiveness by identifying portions of a watershed that are strong sources of exotics. We used mechanical removal to understand processes driving exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in the Logan River, Utah. Our goals were to: (i) evaluate the demographic response of brown trout to mechanical removal, (ii) identify sources of brown trout recruitment at a watershed scale and (iii) evaluate whether mechanical removal can reduce brown trout densities. We removed brown trout from 2km of the Logan River (4174 fish), and 5.6km of Right Hand Fork (RHF, 15,245 fish), a low-elevation tributary, using single-pass electrofishing. We compared fish abundance and size distributions prior to, and after 2years of mechanical removal. In the Logan River, immigration to the removal reach and high natural variability in fish abundances limited the response to mechanical removal. In contrast, mechanical removal in RHF resulted in a strong recruitment pulse, shifting the size distribution towards smaller fish. These results suggest that, before removal, density-dependent mortality or emigration of juvenile fish stabilised adult populations and may have provided a source of juveniles to the main stem. Overall, in sites demonstrating strong density-dependent population regulation, or near sources of exotics, short-term mechanical removal has limited effects on brown trout populations but may help identify factors governing populations and inform large-scale management of exotic species. C1 [Saunders, W. Carl; Budy, Phaedra; Thiede, Gary P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ecol Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Saunders, WC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM carl.saunders@usu.edu FU US. Geological Survey Western Region State Partnership Program [G10AC00507]; UDWR, Endangered Species Mitigation Fund [1111]; US Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Utah State University; Ecology Center (USU); Intermountain Center for River Rehabilitation and Restoration at USU; Cache Anglers Chapter of Trout Unlimited FX We thank many folks for assistance and guidance in the field and laboratory: J. Baker, W. Gordon, K. Hafen, P. Holden, S. Klobucar, P. Mason, N. Salant, P. Tuttle, T. Walsworth, S. Wing, and T. Wright. We would like to thank Paul Burnett, Craig Schaugaard, Paul Thompson, the Fisheries Experiment Station in Logan (Utah Division of Wildlife Resources [UDWR]), and Paul Chase (US Forest Service) for providing assistance and support. Primary funding was provided by the US. Geological Survey Western Region State Partnership Program, Cooperative Agreement No. G10AC00507, and the UDWR, Endangered Species Mitigation Fund: Project # 1111. Other funding and support was provided by the US Forest Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Utah State University (in-kind; USU), the Ecology Center (USU), the Intermountain Center for River Rehabilitation and Restoration at USU, and Cache Anglers Chapter of Trout Unlimited. Tracy Bowerman, Christopher Keleher, Kevin Meyer, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Research was conducted under state COR permit 2COLL5415 and IACUC Protocol 1038. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD APR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 BP 252 EP 263 DI 10.1111/eff.12143 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD8MN UT WOS:000351349400009 ER PT J AU McCormick, JL Whitney, D Schill, DJ Quist, MC AF McCormick, J. L. Whitney, D. Schill, D. J. Quist, M. C. TI Evaluation of angler reporting accuracy in an off-site survey to estimate statewide steelhead harvest SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angler survey; harvest; human dimensions; off-site survey; Oncorhynchus mykiss; self-reporting bias ID CREEL CENSUS; RECALL; SALMON; IDAHO AB Accuracy of angler-reported data on steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), harvest in Idaho, USA, was quantified by comparing data recorded on angler harvest permits to the numbers that the same group of anglers reported in an off-site survey. Anglers could respond to the off-site survey using mail or Internet; if they did not respond using these methods, they were called on the telephone. A majority of anglers responded through the mail, and the probability of responding by Internet decreased with increasing age of the respondent. The actual number of steelhead harvested did not appear to influence the response type. Anglers in the autumn 2012 survey overreported harvest by 24%, whereas anglers in the spring 2013 survey under-reported steelhead harvest by 16%. The direction of reporting bias may have been a function of actual harvest, where anglers harvested on average 2.6 times more fish during the spring fishery than the autumn. Reporting bias that is a function of actual harvest can have substantial management and conservation implications because the fishery will be perceived to be performing better at lower harvest rates and worse when harvest rates are higher. Thus, these findings warrant consideration when designing surveys and evaluating management actions. C1 [McCormick, J. L.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Salem, OR 97302 USA. [Whitney, D.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID USA. [Schill, D. J.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID USA. [Quist, M. C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP McCormick, JL (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 4034 Fairview Ind Dr Southeast, Salem, OR 97302 USA. EM joshua.l.mccormick@state.or.us FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game through the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank T. McArthur for administering and summarising the data in the off-site survey and IDFG creel clerks for conducting the on-site survey. We thank M. Gauvin and B. Wright for providing helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game through the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 22 IS 2 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1111/fme.12109 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CD9CC UT WOS:000351393200003 ER PT J AU McMullen, KY Poppe, LJ Parker, CE AF McMullen, Katherine Y. Poppe, Lawrence J. Parker, Castle E. TI Character, distribution, and ecological significance of storm wave-induced scour in Rhode Island Sound, USA SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INNER-CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; DEPRESSIONS; BOTTOM; CALIFORNIA; MASSACHUSETTS; ENVIRONMENTS AB Multibeam bathymetry, collected during NOAA hydrographic surveys in 2008 and 2009, is coupled with USGS data from sampling and photographic stations to map the seabed morphology and composition of Rhode Island Sound along the US Atlantic coast, and to provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitats. Patchworks of scour depressions cover large areas on seaward-facing slopes and bathymetric highs in the sound. These depressions average 0.5-0.8 m deep and occur in water depths reaching as much as 42 m. They have relatively steep well-defined sides and coarser-grained floors, and vary strongly in shape, size, and configuration. Some individual scour depressions have apparently expanded to combine with adjacent depressions, forming larger eroded areas that commonly contain outliers of the original seafloor sediments. Where cobbles and scattered boulders are present on the depression floors, the muddy Holocene sands have been completely removed and the winnowed relict Pleistocene deposits exposed. Low tidal-current velocities and the lack of obstacle marks suggest that bidirectional tidal currents alone are not capable of forming these features. These depressions are formed and maintained under high-energy shelf conditions owing to repetitive cyclic loading imposed by high-amplitude, long-period, storm-driven waves that reduce the effective shear strength of the sediment, cause resuspension, and expose the suspended sediments to erosion by wind-driven and tidal currents. Because epifauna dominate on gravel floors of the depressions and infauna are prevalent in the finer-grained Holocene deposits, it is concluded that the resultant close juxtaposition of silty sand-, sand-, and gravel-dependent communities promotes regional faunal complexity. These findings expand on earlier interpretations, documenting how storm wave-induced scour produces sorted bedforms that control much of the benthic geologic and biologic diversity in Rhode Island Sound. C1 [McMullen, Katherine Y.; Poppe, Lawrence J.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Parker, Castle E.] NOAA, Atlantic Hydrog Branch, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. RP McMullen, KY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kmcmullen@usgs.gov FU Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank the officers and crew of NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson, who collected the bathymetric datasets, Seth Ackerman and Bill Danforth (USGS) for assistance with data processing, and Brad Butman and Harley Knebel for their helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This manuscript has benefited from critical internal reviews by Bill Schwab and Soupy Dalyander (both USGS), and external reviews by Bryan Oakley, Ralph Lewis and an anonymous reviewer. The use of commercial names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS or NOAA. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD APR PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s00367-014-0392-0 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA CD6VB UT WOS:000351226900005 ER PT J AU Lara, MJ McGuire, AD Euskirchen, ES Tweedie, CE Hinkel, KM Skurikhin, AN Romanovsky, VE Grosse, G Bolton, WR Genet, H AF Lara, Mark J. McGuire, A. David Euskirchen, Eugenie S. Tweedie, Craig E. Hinkel, Kenneth M. Skurikhin, Alexei N. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Grosse, Guido Bolton, W. Robert Genet, Helene TI Polygonal tundra geomorphological change in response to warming alters future CO2 and CH4 flux on the Barrow Peninsula SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arctic; carbon balance; classification; climate warming; negative feedback; polygonal tundra; thaw-lake cycle; thermokarst ID ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; THAW-LAKE BASINS; ACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; PERMAFROST CARBON; GLOBAL CHANGE; NET CO2; ALASKA; VEGETATION AB The landscape of the Barrow Peninsula in northern Alaska is thought to have formed over centuries to millennia, and is now dominated by ice-wedge polygonal tundra that spans drained thaw-lake basins and interstitial tundra. In nearby tundra regions, studies have identified a rapid increase in thermokarst formation (i.e., pits) over recent decades in response to climate warming, facilitating changes in polygonal tundra geomorphology. We assessed the future impact of 100years of tundra geomorphic change on peak growing season carbon exchange in response to: (i) landscape succession associated with the thaw-lake cycle; and (ii) low, moderate, and extreme scenarios of thermokarst pit formation (10%, 30%, and 50%) reported for Alaskan arctic tundra sites. We developed a 30x30m resolution tundra geomorphology map (overall accuracy:75%; Kappa:0.69) for our similar to 1800km(2) study area composed of ten classes; drained slope, high center polygon, flat-center polygon, low center polygon, coalescent low center polygon, polygon trough, meadow, ponds, rivers, and lakes, to determine their spatial distribution across the Barrow Peninsula. Land-atmosphere CO2 and CH4 flux data were collected for the summers of 2006-2010 at eighty-two sites near Barrow, across the mapped classes. The developed geomorphic map was used for the regional assessment of carbon flux. Results indicate (i) at present during peak growing season on the Barrow Peninsula, CO2 uptake occurs at -902.3 10(6)gC-CO(2)day(-1) (uncertainty using 95% CI is between -438.3 and -1366 10(6)gC-CO(2)day(-1)) and CH4 flux at 28.9 10(6)gC-CH(4)day(-1)(uncertainty using 95% CI is between 12.9 and 44.9 10(6)gC-CH(4)day(-1)), (ii) one century of future landscape change associated with the thaw-lake cycle only slightly alter CO2 and CH4 exchange, while (iii) moderate increases in thermokarst pits would strengthen both CO2 uptake (-166.9 10(6)gC-CO(2)day(-1)) and CH4 flux (2.8 10(6)gC-CH(4)day(-1)) with geomorphic change from low to high center polygons, cumulatively resulting in an estimated negative feedback to warming during peak growing season. C1 [Lara, Mark J.; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Genet, Helene] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Tweedie, Craig E.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Hinkel, Kenneth M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Skurikhin, Alexei N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Intelligence & Space Res Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.] Tyumen State Oil & Gas Univ, Tyumen, Russia. [Grosse, Guido] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Periglacial Res Unit, Potsdam, Germany. [Bolton, W. Robert] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lara, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mjlara@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Skurikhin, Alexei/0000-0001-5606-4933 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE-Arctic) project - USGS Alaska Climate Science Center; Integrated Ecosystem Model for Alaska and Northwest Canada project - Arctic Boreal Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Integrated Ecosystem Model for Alaska and Northwest Canada project - Western Boreal Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Integrated Ecosystem Model for Alaska and Northwest Canada project - Northwest Boreal Landscape Conservation Cooperative; National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs [ANS-0732885] FX The long history of research in the Barrow region and the accessibility of data products from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), Digital Globe, and United States Geological Survey (USGS) made this analysis possible. This study was supported through (i) the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE-Arctic) project supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, (ii) the Integrated Ecosystem Model for Alaska and Northwest Canada project supported by the USGS Alaska Climate Science Center and by the Arctic, Western, and Northwest Boreal Landscape Conservation Cooperatives, and (iii) the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs (grant no. ANS-0732885). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 96 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 12 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1634 EP 1651 DI 10.1111/gcb.12757 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD6QM UT WOS:000351214100025 PM 25258295 ER PT J AU Smith, MM Schmutz, J Apelgren, C Ramey, AM AF Smith, Matthew M. Schmutz, Joel Apelgren, Chloe Ramey, Andrew M. TI A real-time, quantitative PCR protocol for assessing the relative parasitemia of Leucocytozoon in waterfowl SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Leucocytozoon; Parasitemia; qPCR; Waterfowl ID AVIAN BLOOD; DIAGNOSTICS UNDERESTIMATE; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; PASSERINE BIRDS; INFECTIONS; HAEMOPROTEUS; PREVALENCE; WILD; TITS AB Microscopic examination of blood smears can be effective at diagnosing and quantifying hematozoa infections. However, this method requires highly trained observers, is time consuming, and may be inaccurate for detection of infections at low levels of parasitemia. To develop a molecular methodology for identifying and quantifying Leucocytozoon parasite infection in wild waterfowl (Anseriformes), we designed a real-time, quantitative PCR protocol to amplify Leucocytozoon mitochondrial DNA using TaqMan fluorogenic probes and validated our methodology using blood samples collected from waterfowl in interior Alaska during late summer and autumn (n = 105). By comparing our qPCR results to those derived from a widely used nested PCR protocol, we determined that our assay showed high levels of sensitivity (91%) and specificity (100%) in detecting Leucocytozoon DNA from host blood samples. Additionally, results of a linear regression revealed significant correlation between the raw measure of parasitemia produced by our qPCR assay (Ct values) and numbers of parasites observed on blood smears (R-2 = 0.694, P = 0.003), indicating that our assay can reliably determine the relative parasitemia levels among samples. This methodology provides a powerful new tool for studies assessing effects of haemosporidian infection in wild avian species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smith, Matthew M.; Schmutz, Joel; Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Apelgren, Chloe] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Smith, Matthew M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Smith, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mmsmith@usgs.gov; jschmutz@usgs.gov; chloeapelgren@gmail.com; aramey@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU University of Alaska Fairbanks; U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area FX We are grateful to C. Atkinson for providing input and expertise towards microscopic aspects of this study. We are grateful to G. Carmichael, V. Muhlenbruch, and J. Klejka for their help with quantifying erythrocytes in digital photos. We thank J. Pearce, S. Sonsthagen, and two other anonymous reviewers for providing comments on drafts of this manuscript We are grateful to M. Lindberg, B. Meixell, T. Spivey, and J. Spivey for contributions to sample collection efforts, as well as K. McCracken for his contribution to project endorsement. This work was funded by the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2015 VL 111 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.027 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA CE4JN UT WOS:000351797000011 PM 25655779 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Storm, T Gee, LS Hutt, CR Wilson, D AF Ringler, A. T. Storm, T. Gee, L. S. Hutt, C. R. Wilson, D. TI Uncertainty estimates in broadband seismometer sensitivities using microseisms SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seismic instrumentation; Network quality; Microseisms; Broadband seismometers ID GLOBAL SEISMOGRAPHIC NETWORK; ERRORS; CALIBRATION; INFORMATION; ACCURACY; STATIONS; METADATA AB The midband sensitivity of a seismic instrument is one of the fundamental parameters used in published station metadata. Any errors in this value can compromise amplitude estimates in otherwise high-quality data. To estimate an upper bound in the uncertainty of the midband sensitivity for modern broadband instruments, we compare daily microseism (4- to 8-s period) amplitude ratios between the vertical components of colocated broadband sensors across the IRIS/USGS (network code IU) seismic network. We find that the mean of the 145,972 daily ratios used between 2002 and 2013 is 0.9895 with a standard deviation of 0.0231. This suggests that the ratio between instruments shows a small bias and considerable scatter. We also find that these ratios follow a standard normal distribution (R (2) = 0.95442), which suggests that the midband sensitivity of an instrument has an error of no greater than +/- 6 % with a 99 % confidence interval. This gives an upper bound on the precision to which we know the sensitivity of a fielded instrument. C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Gee, L. S.; Hutt, C. R.; Wilson, D.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Storm, T.] Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM aringler@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 EI 1573-157X J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 19 IS 2 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s10950-014-9467-7 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD9CB UT WOS:000351393100003 ER PT J AU Kirshen, P Caputo, L Vogel, RM Mathisen, P Rosner, A Renaud, T AF Kirshen, Paul Caputo, Lauren Vogel, Richard M. Mathisen, Paul Rosner, Ana Renaud, Tom TI Adapting Urban Infrastructure to Climate Change: A Drainage Case Study SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RISK-BASED APPROACH; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; CHANGE IMPACTS; ADAPTATION; WATER; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; TEMPERATURE; FRAMEWORK; BENEFITS AB Attributes of an effective infrastructure adaptation planning process as well as methods for choosing among adaptation strategies are described. The major attributes include: (1) a vulnerability assessment, (2) proactive adaptation strategies that are implemented over time and space, (3) climate change scenario analysis including climate surprises to handle the uncertainty of the future climate, (4) actions that are robust and/or flexible and adjustable, (5) a planned, progressive approach that ties implementation to critical thresholds of actual climate changes and preserves options for future actions, (6) evaluation with multiple social, economic and environmental criteria, and (7) integration of local stakeholders into the planning process. Multiple methods can be used to generate and evaluate adaptation strategies. A subset of the key attributes is then used in a case study of urban drainage management, which was designed and implemented to illustrate these attributes. It is shown that multicriteria scenario analysis can be effectively used to generate and evaluate alternative adaptation strategies. The identification of when critical thresholds are reached under conditions of climate variability and change is a major research need. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Kirshen, Paul] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Res Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Caputo, Lauren] ESS Grp, Water Resources, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. [Vogel, Richard M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Mathisen, Paul] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Rosner, Ana] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01301 USA. [Renaud, Tom] Vertex Environm Serv, Environm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Kirshen, P (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Res Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM paul.kirshen@unh.edu; lauren.r.caputo@gmail.com; richard.vogel@tufts.edu; mathisen@wpi.edu; arosner@usgs.gov; trenaud@vertexeng.com RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008; Rosner, Ana/M-8281-2015 OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024; Rosner, Ana/0000-0002-9799-3883 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Sectoral Applications Research Program, Guidance Tools for Planning and Management of Urban Drainage Systems under a Changing Climate [NA07OAR4310373]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources FX This research was supported by U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Sectoral Applications Research Program Grant Number NA07OAR4310373, Guidance Tools for Planning and Management of Urban Drainage Systems under a Changing Climate. The first author was also partially supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources. We appreciate the information provided for the case study by Vithal Deshpande, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Robert King, William Pisano, and Owen O'Riordan. The four anonymous reviewers and the editors provided extremely helpful comments. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 30 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD APR PY 2015 VL 141 IS 4 AR 04014064 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000443 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CE0EB UT WOS:000351476200002 ER PT J AU Butterfield, JSS Diaz-Ferguson, E Silliman, BR Saunders, JW Buddo, D Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Searle, L Allen, AC Hunter, ME AF Butterfield, John S. S. Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo Silliman, Brian R. Saunders, Jonathan W. Buddo, Dayne Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. Searle, Linda Allen, Aarin C. Hunter, Margaret E. TI Wide-ranging phylogeographic structure of invasive red lionfish in the Western Atlantic and Greater Caribbean SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; PTEROIS-VOLITANS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LOCAL RETENTION; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; TRANSPORT; FITNESS; MILES AB The red lionfish (Pterois volitans) is an invasive predatory marine fish that has rapidly expanded its presence in the Western Hemisphere. We collected 214 invasive red lionfish samples from nine countries and territories, including seven unpublished locations. To more comprehensively evaluate connectivity, we compiled our d-loop sequence data with 846 published sequences, resulting in 1,060 samples from 14 locations. We found low nucleotide diversity (pi = 0.003) and moderate haplotype diversity (h = 0.59). Using haplotype population pairwise I broken vertical bar (ST) tests, we analyzed possible phylogeographic breaks that were previously proposed based on other reef organisms. We found support for the Bahamas/Turks/Caicos versus Caribbean break (I broken vertical bar (ST) = 0.12) but not for the Northwestern Caribbean, Eastern Caribbean, or US East Coast versus Bahamas breaks. The Northern Region had higher variation and more haplotypes, supporting introductions of at least five haplotypes to the region. Our wide-ranging samples showed that a lower-frequency haplotype in the Northern Region dominated the Southern Region and suggested multiple introductions, possibly to the south. We tested multiple scenarios of phylogeographic structure with analyses of molecular variance and found support for a Northern and Southern Region split at the Bahamas/Turks/Caicos versus Caribbean break (percentage of variation among regions = 8.49 %). We found that Puerto Rico clustered with the Southern Region more strongly than with the Northern Region, as opposed to previous reports. We also found the rare haplotype H03 for the first time in the southern Caribbean (Panama), indicating that either secondary releases occurred or that the low-frequency haplotypes have had time to disperse to extreme southern Caribbean locations. C1 [Butterfield, John S. S.; Allen, Aarin C.; Hunter, Margaret E.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Silliman, Brian R.] Duke Univ, Dept Marine Ecol & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Saunders, Jonathan W.] Univ Florida, Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Buddo, Dayne] Univ W Indies, Ctr Marine Sci, Discovery Bay, St Ann, Jamaica. [Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.] Univ Interamer Puerto Rico, Ctr Conservac Manaties Puerto Rico, Bayamon, PR 00957 USA. [Searle, Linda] ECOMAR, Belize City, Belize. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mhunter@usgs.gov OI Allen, Aarin-Conrad/0000-0002-7033-7069 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 46 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 162 IS 4 BP 773 EP 781 DI 10.1007/s00227-015-2623-y PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD6VK UT WOS:000351227900005 ER PT J AU Mowll, W Blumenthal, DM Cherwin, K Smith, A Symstad, AJ Vermeire, LT Collins, SL Smith, MD Knapp, AK AF Mowll, Whitney Blumenthal, Dana M. Cherwin, Karie Smith, Anine Symstad, Amy J. Vermeire, Lance T. Collins, Scott L. Smith, Melinda D. Knapp, Alan K. TI Climatic controls of aboveground net primary production in semi-arid grasslands along a latitudinal gradient portend low sensitivity to warming SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Precipitation; Temperature; Standardized precipitation evaporation index; Evapotranspiration ID RAIN-USE EFFICIENCY; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SPECIES RESPONSES; PATAGONIAN STEPPE; TEMPERATE STEPPE; SOIL-MOISTURE; CARBON FLUXES AB Although climate models forecast warmer temperatures with a high degree of certainty, precipitation is the primary driver of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in most grasslands. Conversely, variations in temperature seldom are related to patterns of ANPP. Thus forecasting responses to warming is a challenge, and raises the question: how sensitive will grassland ANPP be to warming? We evaluated climate and multi-year ANPP data (67 years) from eight western US grasslands arrayed along mean annual temperature (MAT; similar to 7-14 A degrees C) and mean annual precipitation (MAP; similar to 250-500 mm) gradients. We used regression and analysis of covariance to assess relationships between ANPP and temperature, as well as precipitation (annual and growing season) to evaluate temperature sensitivity of ANPP. We also related ANPP to the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), which combines precipitation and evapotranspiration to better represent moisture available for plant growth. Regression models indicated that variation in growing season temperature was negatively related to total and graminoid ANPP, but precipitation was a stronger predictor than temperature. Growing season temperature was also a significant parameter in more complex models, but again precipitation was consistently a stronger predictor of ANPP. Surprisingly, neither annual nor growing season SPEI were as strongly related to ANPP as precipitation. We conclude that forecasted warming likely will affect ANPP in these grasslands, but that predicting temperature effects from natural climatic gradients is difficult. This is because, unlike precipitation, warming effects can be positive or negative and moderated by shifts in the C-3/C-4 ratios of plant communities. C1 [Mowll, Whitney; Cherwin, Karie; Smith, Anine; Smith, Melinda D.; Knapp, Alan K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mowll, Whitney; Cherwin, Karie; Smith, Anine; Smith, Melinda D.; Knapp, Alan K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana M.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Symstad, Amy J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. [Vermeire, Lance T.] USDA ARS Ft Keogh LARRL, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Knapp, AK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM aknapp@colostate.edu RI Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014 OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; FU US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Climate Change, Soils and Emissions Program; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [1021559]; NSF Macrosystems Biology Program FX We thank Dr Ann Hess, Colorado State University, for her significant assistance with the statistical analysis. We also thank the technicians and scientists at the SGS and the Sevilleta LTER sites for collecting, managing and sharing ANPP data, and the scientists associated with the Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment (PHACE) project in Cheyenne, Wyoming. PHACE was supported by the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Climate Change, Soils and Emissions Program and the US National Science Foundation (NSF; DEB no. 1021559). Additional research support for this analysis came from the NSF Macrosystems Biology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 70 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2015 VL 177 IS 4 BP 959 EP 969 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE0CD UT WOS:000351470100005 PM 25669452 ER PT J AU Wertin, TM Reed, SC Belnap, J AF Wertin, Timothy M. Reed, Sasha C. Belnap, Jayne TI C-3 and C-4 plant responses to increased temperatures and altered monsoonal precipitation in a cool desert on the Colorado Plateau, USA SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Achnatherum hymenoides; Atriplex confertifolia; Altered precipitation; Climate change; Colorado Plateau; Cool desert; Elevated temperature; Pleuraphis jamesii ID ECOSYSTEM WARMING METHODS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRASSLAND RESPONSES; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; GRASSES; DROUGHT; PRACTICALITY AB Dryland ecosystems represent > 40 % of the terrestrial landscape and support over two billion people; consequently, it is vital to understand how drylands will respond to climatic change. However, while arid and semiarid ecosystems commonly experience extremely hot and dry conditions, our understanding of how further temperature increases or altered precipitation will affect dryland plant communities remains poor. To address this question, we assessed plant physiology and growth at a long-term (7-year) climate experiment on the Colorado Plateau, USA, where the community is a mix of shallow-rooted C-3 and C-4 grasses and deep-rooted C-4 shrubs. The experiment maintained elevated-temperature treatments (+2 or +4 A degrees C) in combination with altered summer monsoonal precipitation (+small frequent precipitation events or +large infrequent events). Increased temperature negatively affected photosynthesis and growth of the C-3 and C-4 grasses, but effects varied in their timing: +4 A degrees C treatments negatively affected the C-3 grass early in the growing season of both years, while the negative effects of temperature on the C-4 grass were seen in the +2 and +4 A degrees C treatments, but only during the late growing season of the drier year. Increased summer precipitation did not affect photosynthesis or biomass for any species, either in the year the precipitation was applied or the following year. Although previous research suggests dryland plants, and C-4 grasses in particular, may respond positively to elevated temperature, our findings from a cool desert show marked declines in C-3 and C-4 photosynthesis and growth, with temperature effects dependent on the degree of warming and growing-season precipitation. C1 [Wertin, Timothy M.; Reed, Sasha C.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Wertin, TM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM twertin@illinois.edu FU US Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program [DE-SC-0008168] FX We would like to thank Ed Grote for assistance with the experimental design and set-up. We are grateful to Hilda Smith for her field leadership; Adam Kind, Kristina Young, Elizabeth Ogata, Natalie Day, Nora Talkington, Sarah Lininger, and Emily Harrison for their assistance with field measurements and treatment implementation; and Erika Geiger for assistance with manuscript editing. This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program, under award no. DE-SC-0008168. Any trade, product, or firm name is used for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2015 VL 177 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1013 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3235-4 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE0CD UT WOS:000351470100008 PM 25676102 ER PT J AU Freymueller, JT Haeussler, PJ Horton, BP Shennan, I AF Freymueller, Jeffrey T. Haeussler, Peter J. Horton, Benjamin P. Shennan, Ian TI Megathrust earthquakes and sea-level change: a tribute to George Plafker SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Freymueller, Jeffrey T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Sea Level Res, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Earth Sci, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Shennan, Ian] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Shennan, I (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM ian.shennan@durham.ac.uk OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 113 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.026 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE4IW UT WOS:000351795300001 ER PT J AU Fuis, GS Haeussler, PJ Atwater, BF AF Fuis, Gary S. Haeussler, Peter J. Atwater, Brian F. TI A tribute to George Plafker SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE George Plafker; Megathrust earthquakes; 1964 Alaska earthquake; 1960 Chile earthquakes; Tsunamis; Paleoseismology; Structural evolution of Alaska ID POSTSEISMIC COASTAL UPLIFT; KURIL SUBDUCTION ZONE; 27 MARCH 1964; ALASKAN EARTHQUAKE; ENERGY-RELEASE; CRUSTAL; EXTENT; FAULT; FLOOR AB In a long and distinguished career, George Plafker made fundamental advances in understanding of megathrust tectonics, tsunami generation, paleoseismology, crustal neotectonics, and Alaskan geology, chiefly by means of geological field observations. George discovered that giant earthquakes result from tens of meters of seismic slip on subduction megathrusts, and he did this before the theory of plate tectonics had become a paradigm. The discovery was founded on George's comprehensive mapping of land-level changes in the aftermath of the 1964 earthquake in Alaska, and on his follow-up mapping, in 1968, in the region of the 1960 earthquakes in Chile. The mapping showed paired, parallel belts of coseismic uplift largely offshore and coseismic subsidence mostly onshore a pattern now familiar as the initial condition assumed in simulations of subduction-zone tsunamis. George recognized, moreover, that splay faulting can play a major role in tsunami generation, and he also distinguished carefully between tectonic and landslide sources for the multiple tsunamis that accounted for nearly all the fatalities associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake. George's classic monographs on the 1964 earthquake include findings on subduction-zone paleoseismology that he soon extended to include stratigraphic evidence for cyclic vertical deformation at the Copper River Delta, as well as recurrent uplift evidenced by flights of marine terraces at Middleton Island. As a geologist of earthquakes, George also clarified the tectonics and hazards of crustal faulting in Alaska, California, and other areas worldwide. All the while, George was mapping bedrock geology in Alaska, where he contributed importantly to today's understanding of how terranes were accreted and modified. Especially important was his documentation of the origin, movement, subduction, and collision of the Yakutat terrane in southern Alaska. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fuis, Gary S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Atwater, Brian F.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Fuis, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fuis@usgs.gov OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank Robert Page, Lloyd Cluff, Harvey Kelsey, and an anonymous reviewer for reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. Authors' salaries are paid by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 113 SI SI BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.11.010 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE4IW UT WOS:000351795300002 ER PT J AU Haeussler, PJ Armstrong, PA Liberty, LM Ferguson, KM Finn, SP Arkle, JC Pratt, TL AF Haeussler, Peter J. Armstrong, Phillip A. Liberty, Lee M. Ferguson, Kelly M. Finn, Shaun P. Arkle, Jeanette C. Pratt, Thomas L. TI Focused exhumation along megathrust splay faults in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Megathrust splay faults; Rapid exhumation; Alaska; Underplating; Thermochronology; 1964 Great Alaska earthquake; Accretionary prisms ID ST-ELIAS OROGEN; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SUBDUCTION ZONE; RUPTURE PROCESS; COSEISMIC SLIP; EARTHQUAKE; EXTENSION; TSUNAMI; TRANSITION; WEDGES AB Megathrust splay faults are a common feature of accretionary prisms and can be important for generating tsunamis during some subduction zone earthquakes. Here we provide new evidence from Alaska that megathrust splay faults have been conduits for focused exhumation in the last 5 Ma. In most of central Prince William Sound, published and new low-temperature thermochronology data indicate little to no permanent rock uplift over tens of thousands of earthquake cycles. However, in southern Prince William Sound on Montague Island, apatite (U-Th)/He ages are as young as 1.1 Ma indicating focused and rapid rock uplift. Montague Island lies in the hanging wall of the Patton Bay megathrust splay fault system, which ruptured during the 1964 M9.2 earthquake and produced similar to 9 m of vertical uplift. Recent geochronology and thermochronology studies show rapid exhumation within the last 5 Ma in a pattern similar to the coseismic uplift in the 1964 earthquake, demonstrating that splay fault slip is a long term (3-5 my) phenomena. The region of slower exhumation correlates with rocks that are older and metamorphosed and constitute a mechanically strong backstop. The region of rapid exhumation consists of much younger and weakly metamorphosed rocks, which we infer are mechanically weak The region of rapid exhumation is separated from the region of slow exhumation by the newly identified Montague Strait Fault. New sparker high-resolution bathymetry, seismic reflection profiles, and a 2012 Mw4.8 earthquake show this feature as a 75-km-long high-angle active normal fault. There are numerous smaller active normal(?) faults in the region between the Montague Strait Fault and the splay faults. We interpret this hanging wall extension as developing between the rapidly uplifting sliver of younger and weaker rocks on Montague Island from the essentially fixed region to the north. Deep seismic reflection profiles show the splay faults root into the subduction megathrust where there is probable underplating. Thus the exhumation and extension in the hanging wall are likely driven by underplating along the megathrust decollement, thickening in the overriding plate and a change in rheology at the Montague Strait Fault to form a structural backstop. A comparison with other megathrust splay faults around the world shows they have significant variability in their characteristics, and the conditions for their formation are not particularly unique. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Armstrong, Phillip A.; Ferguson, Kelly M.; Arkle, Jeanette C.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Liberty, Lee M.; Finn, Shaun P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Pratt, Thomas L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Haeussler, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM pheuslr@usgs.gov OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU USGS; Donors of the Petroleum Research Fund; U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program [G11AP20143] FX Thanks to Captain Greg Snedgen of the USGS vessel R/V Alaskan Gyre for many long days of collecting seismic data. Thanks also to Keith Labay for help with drafting some figures. K. Farley and L. Hedges (Caltech) are thanked for (U-Th)/He analyses. Funding for Haeussler and Pratt from the USGS. Funding for Armstrong, Ferguson, and Ark le was provided by Donors of the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society to Armstrong. Funding for Liberty and Finn came in part from U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program award G11AP20143. A review of the manuscript by Richard Lease the three QSR reviewers, and Editor Ian Shennan greatly improved the clarity and focus. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 113 SI SI BP 8 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.013 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE4IW UT WOS:000351795300003 ER PT J AU Mueller, CS Briggs, RW Wesson, RL Petersen, MD AF Mueller, Charles S. Briggs, Richard W. Wesson, Robert L. Petersen, Mark D. TI Updating the USGS seismic hazard maps for Alaska SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Seismic hazard; Paleoseismology ID UPPER COOK INLET; ALEUTIAN MEGATHRUST; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; TRANSITION FAULT; HOLOCENE; SUBDUCTION; ISLANDS; MOTION; RATES; ZONE AB The U.S. Geological Survey makes probabilistic seismic hazard maps and engineering design maps for building codes, emergency planning, risk management, and many other applications. The methodology considers all known earthquake sources with their associated magnitude and rate distributions. Specific faults can be modeled if slip-rate or recurrence information is available. Otherwise, areal sources are developed from earthquake catalogs or GPS data. Sources are combined with ground-motion estimates to compute the hazard. The current maps for Alaska were developed in 2007, and included modeled sources for the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust, a few crustal faults, and areal seismicity sources. The megathrust was modeled as a segmented dipping plane with segmentation largely derived from the slip patches of past earthquakes. Some megathrust deformation is aseismic, so recurrence was estimated from seismic history rather than plate rates. Crustal faults included the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte system, the Denali-Totschunda system, the Castle Mountain fault, two faults on Kodiak Island, and the Transition fault, with recurrence estimated from geologic data. Areal seismicity sources were developed for Benioff-zone earthquakes and for crustal earthquakes not associated with modeled faults. We review the current state of knowledge in Alaska from a seismic-hazard perspective, in anticipation of future updates of the maps. Updated source models will consider revised seismicity catalogs, new information on crustal faults, new GPS data, and new thinking on megathrust recurrence, segmentation, and geometry. Revised ground-motion models will provide up-to-date shaking estimates for crustal earthquakes and subduction earthquakes in Alaska. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mueller, Charles S.; Briggs, Richard W.; Wesson, Robert L.; Petersen, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mueller, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cmueller@usgs.gov OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 113 SI SI BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.006 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE4IW UT WOS:000351795300005 ER PT J AU Engelhart, SE Vacchi, M Horton, BP Nelson, AR Kopp, RE AF Engelhart, Simon E. Vacchi, Matteo Horton, Benjamin P. Nelson, Alan R. Kopp, Robert E. TI A sea-level database for the Pacific coast of central North America SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Sea-level database; Cascadia subduction zone; Pacific North America; Glacial isostatic adjustment; Holocene ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; GLACIAL ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SUBSIDENCE; PAST 2000 YEARS; MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; OREGON TIDAL MARSHES; SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LATE-HOLOCENE AB A database of published and new relative sea-level (RSL) data for the past 16 ka constrains the sea-level histories of the Pacific coast of central North America (southern British Columbia to central California). Our reevaluation of the stratigraphic context and radiocarbon age of sea-level indicators from geological and archaeological investigations yields 600 sea-level index points and 241 sea-level limiting points. We subdivided the database into 12 regions based on the availability of data, tectonic setting, and distance from the former Cordilleran ice sheet. Most index (95%) and limiting points (54%) are <7 ka; older data come mainly from British Columbia and San Francisco Bay. The stratigraphic position of points was used as a first-order assessment of compaction. Formerly glaciated areas show variable RSL change; where data are present, highstands of RSL occur immediately post-deglaciation and in the mid to late Holocene. Sites at the periphery and distant to formerly glaciated areas demonstrate a continuous rise in RSL with a decreasing rate through time due to the collapse of the peripheral forebulge and the reduction in meltwater input during deglaciation. Late Holocene RSL change varies spatially from falling at 0.7 +/- 0.8 mm a(-1) in southern British Columbia to rising at 1.5 +/- 0.3 mm a(-1) in California. The different sea-level histories are an ongoing isostatic response to deglaciation of the Cordilleran and Laurentide Ice Sheets. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Vacchi, Matteo] Aix Marseille Univ, CEREGE CNRS IRD UMR 34, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Sea Level Res, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.; Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Earth Sci, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Nelson, Alan R.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Energy Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Engelhart, SE (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM engelhart@uri.edu OI Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664; Kopp, Robert/0000-0003-4016-9428 FU NSF [EAR-1419844]; BPH [EAR-1052848, EAR-1419824]; REK [ARC-1203415]; French government through the A*MIDEX project [ANR-11-LABX-0061, ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02]; Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This research was supported by NSF grants to SEE (EAR-1419844), BPH (EAR-1052848, EAR-1419824) and REK (ARC-1203415). MV contributes to the Labex OT-Med (no ANR-11-LABX-0061) funded by the French government through the A*MIDEX project (no ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02). ARN is supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We thank Lee-Ann Bradley for constructing Fig. 1b and Andrew Kemp for the USGS internal review. We are grateful to the associate editor Jeff Freymueller and to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments that greatly improved the early version of the paper. This paper is a contribution to IGCP Project 588 and PALSEA2. NR 174 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 113 SI SI BP 78 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE4IW UT WOS:000351795300008 ER PT J AU Bender, AM Witter, RC Rogers, M AF Bender, Adrian M. Witter, Robert C. Rogers, Matthew TI Testing the use of bulk organic delta C-13, delta N-15, and C-org:N-tot ratios to estimate subsidence during the 1964 great Alaska earthquake SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Quaternary; Sea level; Stable isotopes; Paleoseismology; Alaska ID STABLE CARBON-ISOTOPE; SEA-LEVEL; C/N RATIOS; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; NATURAL VARIATIONS; SOUTHERN CHINA; PLANT ZONATION; MERSEY ESTUARY; SALT-MARSH; DEFORMATION AB During the M-w 9.2 1964 great Alaska earthquake, Turnagain Arm near Girdwood, Alaska subsided 1.7 +/- 0.1 m based on pre- and postearthquake leveling. The coseismic subsidence in 1964 caused equivalent sudden relative sea-level (RSL) rise that is stratigraphically preserved as mud-over-peat contacts where intertidal silt buried peaty marsh surfaces. Changes in intertidal microfossil assemblages across these contacts have been used to estimate subsidence in 1964 by applying quantitative microfossil transfer functions to reconstruct corresponding RSL rise. Here, we review the use of organic stable C and N isotope values and C-ora:N-tot ratios as alternative proxies for reconstructing coseismic RSL changes, and report independent estimates of subsidence in 1964 by using delta C-13 values from intertidal sediment to assess RSL change caused by the earthquake. We observe that surface sediment delta C-13 values systematically decrease by similar to 4 parts per thousand over the similar to 2.5 m increase in elevation along three 60- to 100-m-long transects extending from intertidal mud flat to upland environments. We use a straightforward linear regression to quantify the relationship between modern sediment delta C-13 values and elevation (n = 84, R-2 = 0.56). The linear regression provides a slope intercept equation used to reconstruct the paleoelevation of the site before and after the earthquake based on delta C-13 values in sandy silt above and herbaceous peat below the 1964 contact. The regression standard error (average = +/- 0.59 parts per thousand) reflects the modern isotopic variability at sites of similar surface elevation, and is equivalent to an uncertainty of +/- 0.4 m elevation with respect to Mean Higher High Water. To reduce potential errors in paleoelevation and subsidence estimates, we analyzed multiple sediment delta C-13 values in nine cores on a shore-perpendicular transect at Bird Point. Our method estimates 1.3 +/- 0.4 m of coseismic RSL rise across the 1964 contact by taking the arithmetic mean of the differences (n = 9) between reconstructed elevations for sediment above and below the 1964 earthquake subsidence contact. This estimate compares well with independent subsidence estimates derived from post-earthquake leveling in Turnagain Arm, and from microfossil transfer functions at Girdwood (1.50 +/- 0.32 m). While our results support the use of bulk organic delta C-13 for reconstructing RSL change in southern Alaska, the variability of stable isotope values in modern and,buried intertidal sediment required the analysis of multiple samples to reduce error. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bender, Adrian M.; Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Bender, Adrian M.] Western Washington Univ, Geol Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Rogers, Matthew] Univ Alaska Anchorage, ENRI Stable Isotope Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Bender, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM adrianmbender@gmail.com FU University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF) Center for Global Change Student Research Grant; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; University of Alaska, Anchorage; U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Earthquake Hazards Project FX This work was supported in part by two undergraduate research grants to A. Bender, including (1) a University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF) Center for Global Change Student Research Grant with funds from the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research and the UAF Vice Chancellor for Research and (2) the Fran Ulmer Transformative Research Award from the University of Alaska, Anchorage. The U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Earthquake Hazards Project supported A. Bender and R. Witter. We thank LeeAnn Munk, Casey Saenger and Peter Haeussler for discussions that motivated the research and guidance that facilitated the application of a new approach in Alaska. Abby Gahm, Lillian Pickering, Kelly Thomson and Ray Witter assisted in the field. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 113 SI SI BP 134 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.031 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE4IW UT WOS:000351795300012 ER PT J AU Kelsey, HM Witter, RC Engelhart, SE Briggs, R Nelson, A Haeussler, P Corbett, DR AF Kelsey, Harvey M. Witter, Robert C. Engelhart, Simon E. Briggs, Richard Nelson, Alan Haeussler, Peter Corbett, D. Reide TI Beach ridges as paleoseismic indicators of abrupt coastal subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes, and implications for Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone paleoseismology, southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Paleoseismology; Subduction zone earthquakes; Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone; Kenai Peninsula; Beach ridges; Subduction zone segments; Subduction zone ID SEA-LEVEL; NEW-ZEALAND; MEGATHRUST; UPLIFT; COMPLEX; REGION AB The Kenai section of the eastern Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone straddles two areas of high slip in the 1964 great Alaska earthquake and is the least studied of the three megathrust segments (Kodiak, Kenai, Prince William Sound) that ruptured in 1964. Investigation of two coastal sites in the eastern part of the Kenai segment, on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, identified evidence for two subduction zone earthquakes that predate the 1964 earthquake. Both coastal sites provide paleoseismic data through inferred coseismic subsidence of wetlands and associated subsidence-induced erosion of beach ridges. At Verdant Cove, paleo-beach ridges record the paleoseismic history; whereas at Quicksand Cove, buried soils in drowned coastal wetlands are the primary indicators of paleoearthquake occurrence and age. The timing of submergence and death of trees mark the oldest earthquake at Verdant Cove that is consistent with the age of a well documented similar to 900-year-ago subduction zone earthquake that ruptured the Prince William Sound segment of the megathrust to the east and the Kodiak segment to the west. Soils buried within the last 400-450 years mark the penultimate earthquake on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula. The penultimate earthquake probably occurred before AD 1840 from its absence in Russian historical accounts. The penultimate subduction zone earthquake on the Kenai segment did not rupture in conjunction with the Prince William Sound to the northeast. Therefore the Kenai segment, which is presently creeping, can rupture independently of the adjacent Prince William Sound segment that is presently locked. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kelsey, Harvey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95524 USA. [Witter, Robert C.; Haeussler, Peter] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Briggs, Richard; Nelson, Alan] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Golden, CO 80225 USA. [Corbett, D. Reide] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Kelsey, HM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95524 USA. EM hmkl@humboldt.edu OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247; Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664; Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU U. S. Geological Survey's Earthquake Hazards Program FX Coastal site investigations were carried out utilizing the U.S. Geological Survey's research vessel Alaskan Gyre under the capable command of Captain Greg Snegden. The National Park Service provided access to the two sites, which are both within Kenai Fjords National Park. Boat operation, USGS staff, and radiocarbon age determinations were supported by the U. S. Geological Survey's Earthquake Hazards Program. Keith Labay provided assistance with map-based graphics. We thank Torbjorn Tornqvist, Ian Shennan, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews. Manuscript was prepared while Kelsey was a Visiting Scholar in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 113 SI SI BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.006 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE4IW UT WOS:000351795300013 ER PT J AU Kloiber, SM Macleod, RD Smith, AJ Knight, JF Huberty, BJ AF Kloiber, Steven M. Macleod, Robb D. Smith, Aaron J. Knight, Joseph F. Huberty, Brian J. TI A Semi-Automated, Multi-Source Data Fusion Update of a Wetland Inventory for East-Central Minnesota, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Wetlands inventory; Wetland mapping; Accuracy assessment; Remote sensing ID UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; GREAT-LAKES; CLASSIFICATION; ACCURACY; IMAGERY; CANADA; REGION; RADAR AB Comprehensive wetland inventories are an essential tool for wetland management, but developing and maintaining an inventory is expensive and technically challenging. Funding for these efforts has also been problematic. Here we describe a large-area application of a semi-automated process used to update a wetland inventory for east-central Minnesota. The original inventory for this area was the product of a labor-intensive, manual photo-interpretation process. The present application incorporated high resolution, multi-spectral imagery from multiple seasons; high resolution elevation data derived from lidar; satellite radar imagery; and other GIS data. Map production combined image segmentation and random forest classification along with aerial photo-interpretation. More than 1000 validation data points were acquired using both independent photo-interpretation as well as field reconnaissance. Overall accuracy for wetland identification was 90 % compared to field data and 93 % compared to photo-interpretation data. Overall accuracy for wetland type was 72 and 78 % compared to field and photo-interpretation data, respectively. By automating the most time consuming part of the image interpretations, initial delineation of boundaries and identification of broad wetland classes, we were able to allow the image interpreters to focus their efforts on the more difficult components, such as the assignment of detailed wetland classes and modifiers. C1 [Kloiber, Steven M.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Macleod, Robb D.] Ducks Unltd Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Smith, Aaron J.] Equinox Analyt Inc, Columbia, SC 29204 USA. [Knight, Joseph F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Huberty, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Kloiber, SM (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 500 Lafayette Rd North, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM steve.kloiber@state.mn.us FU Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; Trust Fund FX Funding for this project was provided by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources. The Trust Fund is a permanent fund constitutionally established by the citizens of Minnesota to assist in the protection, conservation, preservation, and enhancement of the state's air, water, land, fish, wildlife, and other natural resources. Special thanks to Molly Martin of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for technical and field assistance. We would also like to thank Dan Wovcha and Doug Norris from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for their helpful review of the draft manuscript. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 335 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s13157-014-0621-3 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE0XA UT WOS:000351532700011 ER PT J AU Shaw, JH Plesch, A Tape, C Suess, MP Jordan, TH Ely, G Hauksson, E Tromp, J Tanimoto, T Graves, R Olsen, K Nicholson, C Maechling, PJ Rivero, C Lovely, P Brankman, CM Munster, J AF Shaw, John H. Plesch, Andreas Tape, Carl Suess, M. Peter Jordan, Thomas H. Ely, Geoffrey Hauksson, Egill Tromp, Jeroen Tanimoto, Toshiro Graves, Robert Olsen, Kim Nicholson, Craig Maechling, Philip J. Rivero, Carlos Lovely, Peter Brankman, Charles M. Munster, Jason TI Unified Structural Representation of the southern California crust and upper mantle SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE velocity structure; fault models; southern California; tomography; seismic wave propagation; strong ground motions ID WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; SPECTRAL-ELEMENT METHOD; SEISMIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; SAN-BERNARDINO BASIN; GROUND-MOTION; ADJOINT METHODS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA AB We present a new, 3D description of crust and upper mantle velocity structure in southern California implemented as a Unified Structural Representation (USR). The USR is comprised of detailed basin velocity descriptions that are based on tens of thousands of direct velocity (Vp, Vs) measurements and incorporates the locations and displacement of major fault zones that influence basin structure. These basin descriptions were used to developed tomographic models of crust and upper mantle velocity and density structure, which were subsequently iterated and improved using 3D waveform adjoint tomography. A geotechnical layer (GTL) based on Vs30 measurements and consistent with the underlying velocity descriptions was also developed as an optional model component. The resulting model provides a detailed description of the structure of the southern California crust and upper mantle that reflects the complex tectonic history of the region. The crust thickens eastward as Moho depth varies from 10 to 40 km reflecting the transition from oceanic to continental crust. Deep sedimentary basins and underlying areas of thin crust reflect Neogene extensional tectonics overprinted by transpressional deformation and rapid sediment deposition since the late Pliocene. To illustrate the impact of this complex structure on strong ground motion forecasting, we simulate rupture of a proposed M 7.9 earthquake source in the Western Transverse Ranges. The results show distinct basin amplification and focusing of energy that reflects crustal structure described by the USR that is not captured by simpler velocity descriptions. We anticipate that the USR will be useful for a broad range of simulation and modeling efforts, including strong ground motion forecasting, dynamic rupture simulations, and fault system modeling. The USR is available through the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) website (http://www.scec.org). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shaw, John H.; Plesch, Andreas; Tape, Carl] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tape, Carl] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Suess, M. Peter] Univ Tubingen, Dept Geosci, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Jordan, Thomas H.; Ely, Geoffrey; Maechling, Philip J.] Univ So Calif, Southern Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Hauksson, Egill] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tromp, Jeroen] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tanimoto, Toshiro] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Graves, Robert] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Olsen, Kim] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Nicholson, Craig] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Rivero, Carlos] Chevron North Amer E&P, Gulf Mexico Reg Team, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Lovely, Peter] Chevron ETC ESD, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Brankman, Charles M.] IHRDC, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Munster, Jason] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shaw, JH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM shaw@eps.harvard.edu RI Tromp, Jeroen/B-6185-2015; OI Tromp, Jeroen/0000-0002-2742-8299; Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 FU Southern California Earthquake Center; National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; NSF [EAR-1033462, EAR-1226343, EAR-1349180]; USGS [G12AC20038] FX The authors thank Walter Mooney, Peter Shearer, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. This work was also supported through NSF awards EAR-1226343 titled "Geoinformatics: Community Computational Platforms for Developing Three-Dimensional Models of Earth Structure" and EAR-1349180 titled "Community Computational Platforms for Developing Three-Dimensional Models of Earth Structure, Phase II." The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 2068. NR 113 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 415 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.016 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD2SP UT WOS:000350929600001 ER PT J AU Burgess, SD Bowring, SA Fleming, TH Elliot, DH AF Burgess, S. D. Bowring, S. A. Fleming, T. H. Elliot, D. H. TI High-precision geochronology links the Ferrar large igneous province with early-Jurassic ocean anoxia and biotic crisis SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE large igneous province; mass extinction; ocean anoxic event; geochronology ID CARBON-ISOTOPE EXCURSION; ZIRCON U-PB; FLOOD-BASALT VOLCANISM; AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGY; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; ANTARCTICA IMPLICATIONS; MAGMATIC PROVINCE; TOARCIAN STAGE; DOLERITE SILLS; EVENT AB Apparent synchrony between eruption/emplacement of large igneous province (LIP) magmas and mass extinction has led to the implication of magmatism as a primary trigger of global scale environmental change. Evaluating the efficacy of magmatism as a driver of global change depends on the relative timing of magmatism and environmental change, and the magma effusion/intrusion rate, both of which can be constrained by high-precision geochronology. Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) global ocean anoxia and acidification, carbon isotope perturbations, and biotic crisis have been linked to "synchronous" eruption and emplacement of the Karoo and Ferrar LIPs. To better constrain the timing and duration of Ferrar magmatism, we apply the single crystal, chemical abrasion U-Pb ID-TIMS method to zircon crystals isolated from twenty Ferrar LIP sills and lavas, and the Dufek intrusion. Dates suggest that both intrusive and extrusive Ferrar magmatism occurred over an interval of 349 +/- 49 kyr, beginning with intrusive magmatism as early as 182.779 +/- 0.033 Ma. Lava eruption was synchronous with, and in some cases postdates intrusion. When coupled with existing geochronology on the Karoo province, our dates confirm broad synchrony between Karoo and Ferrar magmatism, though Karoo magmatism began demonstrably prior to Ferrar magmatism, starting as early as 183.246 +/- 0.045 Ma. The short-lived magmatic history of the Ferrar LIP makes it a plausible trigger for early-Jurassic environmental change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burgess, S. D.; Bowring, S. A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Fleming, T. H.] So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. [Elliot, D. H.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Burgess, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sburgess@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [PLR-0739726, ANT-0739726, EAR-0931839, PLR-0739732, PLR-0739720] FX The authors would like to acknowledge careful and thoughtful reviews by two anonymous reviewers and funding from National Science Foundation grants PLR-0739726, ANT-0739726, EAR-0931839 (Bowring), PLR-0739732 (Fleming), PLR-0739720 (Elliot). Samples with the prefix PRR were made available through the United States Antarctic Rock Repository at Ohio State University. Bruce Marsh, Johns Hopkins University, kindly provided sample A-236-A. NR 67 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 415 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.037 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CD2SP UT WOS:000350929600009 ER PT J AU Krogman, RM Miranda, LE AF Krogman, Rebecca M. Miranda, L. E. TI A classification system for large reservoirs of the contiguous United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Reservoirs; Habitat; Fish; Classification ID MISSOURI RESERVOIRS; LAKES; FISH; NUTRIENTS; LIMNOLOGY; VARIABLES; INDEX AB Degradation of reservoir fish habitat has become a serious concern. Habitat issues-such as sedimentation, excessive nutrient loadings, and lack of submerged structure-may emerge and worsen over time and are accompanied by undesirable shifts in the fish community and fisheries. To prioritize habitat rehabilitation efforts in reservoirs, we developed a classification system for large reservoirs in the contiguous U.S. We used a four-step classification approach based on over 50 variables descriptive of habitat impairment in a sample of almost 1300 reservoirs. To account for the broad geographic heterogeneity in climate and landscape, reservoirs were assigned to a spatial framework relevant to aquatic resources, selected based on how well it recognized regional differences in fish habitat. To account for differences among reservoirs within geographical regions, we used cluster analysis to identify classes of reservoirs with similar characteristics. Classes were compared regarding habitat impairment, the fish community, the recreational fishery, and other variables from an external dataset to seek support for the classification system. A method for classifying new reservoirs not included in the original sample was also developed. The resulting classification system identified nine geographical regions distributed throughout the contiguous U. S. and 24 reservoir classes within the nine regions. The system can serve as the framework for a reservoir assessment mechanism. Our approach may be applicable elsewhere a broad-scale dataset is not available and needs to be obtained quickly and inexpensively, whether in regards to fish habitat or other environmental information needs. C1 [Krogman, Rebecca M.; Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Krogman, RM (reprint author), Iowa Dept Nat Resources, 24570 US Highway 34, Chariton, IA 50049 USA. EM rebecca.krogman@dnr.iowa.gov RI Miranda, Luisa/N-6353-2013 OI Miranda, Luisa/0000-0002-7553-6059 FU Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership; USGS Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Mississippi State University Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture; USFWS Student Career Experience Program FX We thank the Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership, the USGS Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Mississippi State University Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, and the USFWS Student Career Experience Program for their support of this project. We also thank J. Boxrucker and Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Fisheries Division biologists for their helpful assistance with the pilot survey, as well as the many reservoir managers nationwide who provided data for this study. K. Hunt and J. Boxrucker provided useful comments that improved previous versions of this manuscript, and four anonymous reviewers provided helpful revisions and comments. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2015 VL 187 IS 4 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4244-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC9JG UT WOS:000350685000021 ER PT J AU Miyazono, S Patino, R Taylor, CM AF Miyazono, Seiji Patino, Reynaldo Taylor, Christopher M. TI Desertification, salinization, and biotic homogenization in a dryland river ecosystem SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biotic homogenization; Habitat homogenization; River discharge; Salinization; Rio Conchos; Rio Grande ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; RIO-GRANDE; CONSERVATION BIOGEOGRAPHY; COMMUNITIES; EXTINCTION; EXPANSION; DYNAMICS; MEXICO; FAUNA; TEXAS AB This study determined long-term changes in fish assemblages, river discharge, salinity, and local precipitation, and examined hydrological drivers of biotic homogenization in a dryland river ecosystem, the Trans-Pecos region of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte (USA/Mexico). Historical (1977-1989) and current (2010-2011) fish assemblages were analyzed by rarefaction analysis (species richness), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (composition/variability), multiresponse permutation procedures (composition), and paired t-test (variability). Trends in hydrological conditions (1970s-2010s) were examined by Kendall tau and quantile regression, and associations between streamfiow and specific conductance (salinity) by generalized linear models. Since the 1970s, species richness and variability of fish assemblages decreased in the Rio Grande below the confluence with the Rio Conchos (Mexico), a major tributary, but not above it. There was increased representation of lower-flow/higher-salinity tolerant species, thus making fish communities below the confluence taxonomically and functionally more homogeneous to those above it. Unlike findings elsewhere, this biotic homogenization was due primarily to changes in the relative abundances of native species. While Rio Conchos discharge was > 2-fold higher than Rio Grande discharge above their confluence, Rio Conchos discharge decreased during the study period causing Rio Grande discharge below the confluence to also decrease. Rio Conchos salinity is lower than Rio Grande salinity above their confluence and, as Rio Conchos discharge decreased, it caused Rio Grande salinity below the confluence to increase (reduced dilution). Trends in discharge did not correspond to trends in precipitation except at extreme-high (90th quantile) levels. In conclusion, decreasing discharge from the Rio Conchos has led to decreasing flow and increasing salinity in the Rio Grande below the confluence. This spatially uneven desertification and salinization of the Rio Grande has in turn led to a region-wide homogenization of hydrological conditions and of taxonomic and functional attributes of fish assemblages. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miyazono, Seiji] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Taylor, Christopher M.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Miyazono, S (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM seiji.miyazono@gmail.com FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Texas Tech University [E-103-R]; Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This research was supported by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Grant # E-103-R), Texas Tech University, and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Allison Pease provided advice on an earlier version of the manuscript, Matt VanLandeghem assisted with generalized linear model analysis, and Jose Zavala and Robert Christensen helped with fieldwork. Fish protocols were approved by Texas Tech University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (# 09018-04). The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 511 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.079 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC6YC UT WOS:000350513900046 PM 25569580 ER PT J AU Johnson, WP Swanson, N Black, B Rudd, A Carling, G Fernandez, DP Luft, J Van Leeuwen, J Marvin-DiPasquale, M AF Johnson, William P. Swanson, Neil Black, Brooks Rudd, Abigail Carling, Greg Fernandez, Diego P. Luft, John Van Leeuwen, Jim Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark TI Total- and methyl-mercury concentrations and methylation rates across the freshwater to hypersaline continuum of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aqueous geochemistry; Limnology; Toxic elements; Trace elements ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SURFACE WATERS; PORE-WATER; OAK-RIDGE; SULFIDE AB We examined mercury (Hg) speciation in water and sediment of the Great Salt Lake and surrounding wetlands, a locale spanning fresh to hypersaline and oxic to anoxic conditions, in order to test the hypothesis that spatial and temporal variations in Hg concentration and methylation rates correspond to observed spatial and temporal trends in Hg burdens previously reported in biota. Water column, sediment, and pore water concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (mg), as well as related aquatic chemical parameters were examined. Inorganic Hg(II)-methylation rates were determined in selected water column and sediment subsamples spiked with inorganic divalent mercury (Hg-204(II)). Net production of (MeHg)-Hg-204 was expressed as apparent first-order rate constants for methylation (k(meth)), which were also expanded to MeHg production potential (MPP) rates via combination with tin reducible 'reactive' Hg(II) (Hg(II)(R)) as a proxy for bioavailable Hg(II). Notable findings include: 1) elevated Hg concentrations previously reported in birds and brine flies were spatially proximal to the measured highest MeHg concentrations, the latter occurring in the anoxic deep brine layer (DBL) of the Great Salt Lake; 2) timing of reduced Hg(II)-methylation rates in the DBL (according to both k(meth), and MPP) coincides with reduced Hg burdens among aquatic invertebrates (brine shrimp and brine flies) that act as potential vectors of Hg propagation to the terrestrial ecosystem; 3) values of k(meth) were found to fall within the range reported by other studies; and 4) MPP rates were on the lower end of the range reported in methodologically comparable studies, suggesting the possibility that elevated MeHg in the anoxic deep brine layer results from its accumulation and persistence in this quasi-isolated environment, due to the absence of light (restricting abiotic photo demethylation) and/or minimal microbiological demethylation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, William P.; Swanson, Neil; Black, Brooks; Fernandez, Diego P.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Rudd, Abigail] Brooks Rand LLC, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Carling, Greg] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Luft, John; Van Leeuwen, Jim] State Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Johnson, WP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM william.johnson@utah.edu FU Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands (FFSL) of the Utah Department of Natural Resources FX This research was supported by funding from the Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands (FFSL) of the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Jordan River/Farmington Bay Water Quality Council, and Central Davis Sewer District. Additionally, we would like to thank Michelle Arias (USGS, Menlo Park) for Hg(II)R assays and Brooks Rand LLC for technical support. We owe a great deal of thanks to Marissa Taddie who developed the ring plots provided in the Supporting information. We greatly appreciate the highly effective comments of several anonymous reviewers. NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 511 BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.092 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC6YC UT WOS:000350513900051 PM 25576792 ER PT J AU Chun, CL Kahn, CI Borchert, AJ Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL Peller, J Pier, C Lin, GY Johnson, EA Sadowsky, MJ AF Chun, Chan Lan Kahn, Chase I. Borchert, Andrew J. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Whitman, Richard L. Peller, Julie Pier, Christina Lin, Guangyun Johnson, Eric A. Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Prevalence of toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum associated with the macroalga Cladophora in three Great Lakes: Growth and management SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Avian botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Neurotoxin genes; Cladophora; Great lakes; Management practices ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; CHLOROPHYTA; GLOMERATA; SPORES; ERIE; COMMUNITIES; SURVIVAL; MICHIGAN; SPP.; COLI AB The reemergence of avian botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type E has been observed across the Great Lakes in recent years. Evidence suggests an association between the nuisance algae, Cladophora spp., and C botulinum in nearshore areas of the Great Lakes. However, the nature of the association between Cladophora and C. botulinum is not fully understood due, in part, to the complex food web interactions in this disease etiology. In this study, we extensively evaluated their association by quantitatively examining population size and serotypes of C. botulinum in algal mats collected from wide geographic areas in lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Erie in 2011-2012 and comparing them with frequencies in other matrices such as,sand and water. A high prevalence (96%) of C botulinum type E was observed in Cladophora mats collected from shorelines of the Great Likes in 2012. Among the algae samples containing detectable C botulinum, the population size of C. Botulinum type E was 10(0)-10(4) MPN/g dried algae, which was much greater (up to 103 fold) than that found in sand or the water column, indicating that Cladophora mats are sources of this pathogen. Mouse toxinantitoxin bioassays confirmed that the putative C botulinum belonged to the type E serotype. Steam treatment was effective in reducing or eliminating C. botulinum type E viable cells in Cladophora mats, thereby breaking the potential transmission route of toxin up to the food chain. Consequently, our data suggest that steam treatment incorporated with a beach cleaning machine may be an effective treatment of Cladophora-bome C botulinum and may reduce bird mortality and human health risks. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chun, Chan Lan; Kahn, Chase I.; Borchert, Andrew J.; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Peller, Julie] Indiana Univ Northwest, Dept Chem Phys & Astron, Gary, IN 46408 USA. [Pier, Christina; Lin, Guangyun; Johnson, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Inst Biotechnol, 1479 Gortner Ave,140 Gortner Labs, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sadowsky@umn.edu RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Chun, Chanlan/0000-0002-9765-8663 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPAR5-GL2010-1] FX This work was supported, in part, by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPAR5-GL2010-1). We thank Steve Yancho, Chris Otto, and Emily Kobernik (SLBE); Stephan Kurdas and Julie Kinzelman (City of Racine, WI); Karen Terbush, Jay G. Bailey, and Patricia Wakefield (Hamline Beach State Park, NY); Dawn Shively (USGS, Great Lakes Science Center); Jill Lis (Cuyahoga County, OH) and Greg Kleinheinz, Kimberly Busse, and Brooke Jansen (U. of Wisconsin-Oshkosh) for providing field samples and beach conditions. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government This article is Contribution 1911 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 511 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.080 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC6YC UT WOS:000350513900055 ER PT J AU Kao, YC Madenjian, CP Bunnell, DB Lofgren, BM Perroud, M AF Kao, Yu-Chun Madenjian, Charles P. Bunnell, David B. Lofgren, Brent M. Perroud, Marjorie TI Temperature effects induced by climate change on the growth and consumption by salmonines in Lakes Michigan and Huron SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Bioenergetics models; Salmonines; Lake michigan; Lake huron ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; THERMAL HABITAT; CHINOOK SALMON; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FISH; TROUT; ONTARIO; TSHAWYTSCHA; PERFORMANCE AB We used bioenergetics models to investigate temperature effects induced by climate change on the growth and consumption by Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, and steelhead O. mykiss in Lakes Michigan and Huron. We updated biological inputs to account for recent changes in the food webs and used temperature inputs in response to regional climate observed in the baseline period (1964-1993) and projected in the future period (2043-2070). Bioenergetics simulations were run across multiple age-classes and across all four seasons in different scenarios of prey availability. Due to the increased capacity of prey consumption, future growth and consumption by these salmonines were projected to increase substantially when prey availability was not limited. When prey consumption remained constant, future growth of these salmonines was projected to decrease in most cases but increase in some cases where the increase in metabolic cost can be compensated by the decrease in waste (egestion and excretion) loss. Consumption by these salmonines was projected to increase the most during spring and fall when prey energy densities are relatively high. Such seasonality benefits their future growth through increasing annual gross energy intake. Our results indicated that lake trout and steelhead would be better adapted to the warming climate than Chinook salmon. To maintain baseline growth into the future, an increase of 10 % in baseline prey consumption was required for Chinook salmon but considerably smaller increases, or no increases, in prey consumption were needed by lake trout and steelhead. C1 [Kao, Yu-Chun] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.; Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lofgren, Brent M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Perroud, Marjorie] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Kao, YC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kyuchun@umich.edu RI Kao, Yu-Chun/E-1496-2017; OI Kao, Yu-Chun/0000-0001-5552-909X; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU U.S. Geological National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX We thank Michael Wiley and James Breck for providing valuable comments on an early draft of manuscript. We also thank Roger Bergstedt, Jixiang He, Gregory Jacobs, Amber Peters, and Jeffery Schaeffer for sharing unpublished data. Simon Hsu and Yo-Jin Shiau provided technical support. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. This article is Contribution 1864 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2015 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1104 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0352-6 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC7RY UT WOS:000350567300011 ER PT J AU Byrd, KB Flint, LE Alvarez, P Casey, CF Sleeter, BM Soulard, CE Flint, AL Sohl, TL AF Byrd, Kristin B. Flint, Lorraine E. Alvarez, Pelayo Casey, Clyde F. Sleeter, Benjamin M. Soulard, Christopher E. Flint, Alan L. Sohl, Terry L. TI Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California rangeland ecosystem services: wildlife habitat, soil carbon, and water supply SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rangeland; Ecosystem services; Land use/land cover change scenarios; Downscaled global climate models; Water supply; Soil carbon; Grassland; Climate change adaptation ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGE; GRASSLAND; STRATEGY; IMPACTS; POOLS; SEQUESTRATION; PRECIPITATION; AGRICULTURE; COMPLETION AB Context In addition to biodiversity conservation, California rangelands generate multiple ecosystem services including livestock production, drinking and irrigation water, and carbon sequestration. California rangeland ecosystems have experienced substantial conversion to residential land use and more intensive agriculture. Objectives To understand the potential impacts to rangeland ecosystem services, we developed six spatially explicit (250 m) climate/land use change scenarios for the Central Valley of California and surrounding foothills consistent with three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission scenario narratives. Methods We quantified baseline and projected change in wildlife habitat, soil organic carbon (SOC), and water supply (recharge and runoff). For six case study watersheds we quantified the interactions of future development and changing climate on recharge, runoff and streamflow, and precipitation thresholds where dominant watershed hydrological processes shift through analysis of covariance. Results The scenarios show that across the region, habitat loss is expected to occur predominantly in grasslands, primarily due to future development (up to a 37 % decline by 2100), however habitat loss in priority conservation errors will likely be due to cropland and hay/pasture expansion (up to 40 % by 2100). Grasslands in the region contain approximately 100 teragrams SOC in the top 20 cm, and up to 39% of this SOC is subject to conversion by 2100. In dryer periods recharge processes typically dominate runoff. Future development lowers the precipitation value at which recharge processes dominate runoff, and combined with periods of drought, reduces the opportunity for recharge, especially on deep soils. Conclusion Results support the need for climate-smart land use planning that takes recharge areas into account, which will provide opportunities for water storage in dry years. Given projections for agriculture, more modeling is needed on feedbacks between agricultural expansion on rangelands and water supply. C1 [Byrd, Kristin B.; Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Soulard, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Alvarez, Pelayo] Calif Rangeland Conservat Coalit Defenders Wildli, Davis, CA 95617 USA. [Casey, Clyde F.] US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sohl, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Byrd, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kbyrd@usgs.gov OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231; Soulard, Christopher/0000-0002-5777-9516 FU California Landscape Conservation Cooperative; USGS LandCarbon Project FX We thank The Nature Conservancy for use of the critical priority habitat map for the California Rangeland Conservation Coalition Focus Area. We thank Adam McClure for data processing and analysis; the Defenders of Wildlife for outreach to the Coalition network; the California Rangeland Conservation Coalition and several of its signatories for providing feedback throughout the project; and also ranchers Virginia Coelho, Mel Thompson, Tracy Schohr, Pete Craig, Todd Swickard, Al Medvitz, Cari Rivers, and Darrel Sweet for their input in developing the integrated scenarios. The project was funded by the California Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the USGS LandCarbon Project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 21 U2 191 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 729 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0159-7 PG 22 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CC4XT UT WOS:000350360100012 ER PT J AU Byrd, KB Flint, LE Alvarez, P Casey, CF Sleeter, BM Soulard, CE Flint, AL Sohl, TL AF Byrd, Kristin B. Flint, Lorraine E. Alvarez, Pelayo Casey, Clyde F. Sleeter, Benjamin M. Soulard, Christopher E. Flint, Alan L. Sohl, Terry L. TI Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California rangeland ecosystem services: wildlife habitat, soil carbon, and water supply (vol 30, pg 729, 2015) SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Byrd, Kristin B.; Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Soulard, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Alvarez, Pelayo] Calif Rangeland Conservat Coalit Defendersof Wild, Davis, CA 95617 USA. [Casey, Clyde F.] US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sohl, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Byrd, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kbyrd@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 751 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0180-x PG 1 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CC4XT UT WOS:000350360100013 ER PT J AU Meddens, AJH Hicke, JA Macalady, AK Buotte, PC Cowles, TR Allen, CD AF Meddens, Arjan J. H. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Macalady, Alison K. Buotte, Polly C. Cowles, Travis R. Allen, Craig D. TI Patterns and causes of observed pinon pine mortality in the southwestern United States SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE bark beetle; drought; Ips confusus; pinon pine; southwestern USA; tree mortality ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; REGIONAL DIE-OFF; TREE MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; JUNIPER WOODLANDS; VEGETATION MORTALITY; NORTHERN ARIZONA; DYNAMICS; EDULIS; IPS AB Recently, widespread pinon pine die-off occurred in the southwestern United States. Here we synthesize observational studies of this event and compare findings to expected relationships with biotic and abiotic factors. Agreement exists on the occurrence of drought, presence of bark beetles and increased mortality of larger trees. However, studies disagree about the influences of stem density, elevation and other factors, perhaps related to study design, location and impact of extreme drought. Detailed information about bark beetles is seldom reported and their role is poorly understood. Our analysis reveals substantial limits to our knowledge regarding the processes that produce mortality patterns across space and time, indicating a poor ability to forecast mortality in response to expected increases in future droughts. C1 [Meddens, Arjan J. H.; Hicke, Jeffrey A.; Buotte, Polly C.; Cowles, Travis R.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Macalady, Alison K.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Macalady, Alison K.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Meddens, AJH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ameddens@uidaho.edu FU National Park Service; Los Alamos National Laboratory; USGS Climate Research and Development Program through the Western Mountain Initiative; US Department of Energy FX A.J.H.M. and J.A.H. were supported by cooperative agreements with the National Park Service and the Los Alamos National Laboratory; J.A.H. and C.D.A. were supported by the USGS Climate Research and Development Program through the Western Mountain Initiative. A.K.M. was supported by a Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship from the US Department of Energy. We would like to thank Brian F. Jacobs, NPS, and three reviewers for helpful comments and Nicholas L. Crookston, USDA Forest Service, for making the single-leaf and common pinon pine distribution maps available. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 206 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1111/nph.13193 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CC4TT UT WOS:000350347500011 PM 25494578 ER PT J AU Dura, T Cisternas, M Horton, BP Ely, LL Nelson, AR Wesson, RL Pilarczyk, JE AF Dura, Tina Cisternas, Marco Horton, Benjamin P. Ely, Lisa L. Nelson, Alan R. Wesson, Robert L. Pilarczyk, Jessica E. TI Coastal evidence for Holocene subduction-zone earthquakes and tsunamis in central Chile SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Prehistoric earthquakes; Tsunami deposits; Diatom paleoecology; Coastal paleoseismology; Coastal hazards ID INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; SOUTH CENTRAL CHILE; RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL; NEW-GUINEA TSUNAMI; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; WASHINGTON-STATE; INTERTIDAL FORAMINIFERA; STRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE; INDUCED SUBSIDENCE; NORTHERN JAPAN AB The similar to 500-year historical record of seismicity along the central Chile coast (30-34 degrees S) is characterized by a series of similar to M 8.0-8.5 earthquakes followed by low tsunamis (<4 m) occurring on the megathrust about every 80 years. One exception is the AD 1730 great earthquake (M 9.0-9.5) and high tsunami (>10 m), but the frequency of such large events is unknown. We extend the seismic history of central Chile through a study of a lowland stratigraphic sequence along the metropolitan coast north of Valparaiso (33 degrees S). At this site, higher relative sea level during the mid Holocene created a tidal marsh and the accommodation space necessary for sediment that preserves earthquake and tsunami evidence. Within this 2600-yr-long sequence, we traced six laterally continuous sand beds probably deposited by high tsunamis. Plant remains that underlie the sand beds were radiocarbon dated to 6200, 5600, 5000, 4400, 3800, and 3700 cal yr BP. Sediment properties and diatom assemblages of the sand beds for example, anomalous marine planktonic diatoms and upward fining of silt-sized diatom valves point to a marine sediment source and high-energy deposition. Grain-size analysis shows a strong similarity between inferred tsunami deposits and modern coastal sediment. Upward fining sequences characteristic of suspension deposition are present in five of the six sand beds. Despite the lack of significant lithologic changes between the sedimentary units under- and overlying tsunami deposits, we infer that the increase in freshwater siliceous microfossils in overlying units records coseismic uplift concurrent with the deposition of five of the sand beds. During our mid-Holocene window of evidence preservation, the mean recurrence interval of earthquakes and tsunamis is similar to 500 years. Our findings imply that the frequency of historical earthquakes in central Chile is not representative of the greatest earthquakes and tsunamis that the central Chilean subduction zone has produced. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dura, Tina] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Cisternas, Marco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso, Chile. [Dura, Tina; Horton, Benjamin P.; Pilarczyk, Jessica E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Sea Level Res, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Dura, Tina; Horton, Benjamin P.; Pilarczyk, Jessica E.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.; Pilarczyk, Jessica E.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Horton, Benjamin P.; Pilarczyk, Jessica E.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Earth Sci, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Ely, Lisa L.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA USA. [Nelson, Alan R.; Wesson, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Dura, T (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 240 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM dura@sas.upenn.edu FU Chile's Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) [1110848]; National Science Foundation [EAR-1144537, 1145170]; Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by Chile's Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT No 1110848 to MC) and the National Science Foundation (grant EAR-1144537 and 1145170). Nelson is supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We are grateful to Brian Atwater, Catherine Chague-Goff, James Goff, Marcelo Lagos, Diego Munoz, and Yuki Sawai for support during fieldwork, Daniel Melnick for providing elevation data, Lorena Rebolledo for her preliminary diatom analyses, and Sonja Hausmann and Don Charles at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, USA, for their assistance with diatom analyses. We thank Harvey Kelsey, Brian Sherrod, and Simon Engelhart for constructive reviews that substantially improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper is a contribution to IGCP project 588 'Preparing for coastal change'. NR 123 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 113 SI SI BP 93 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.015 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE4IW UT WOS:000351795300009 ER PT J AU Manna, F Nimmo, JR Allocca, V De Vita, P AF Manna, Ferdinando Nimmo, John R. Allocca, Vincenzo De Vita, Pantaleone TI Recharge in karst aquifers: from regional to local and annual to episodic scale SO RENDICONTI ONLINE SOCIETA GEOLOGICA ITALIANA LA English DT Article DE Groundwater recharge; karst aquifer; Water Table Fluctuation ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE AB The assessment of groundwater recharge for karst aquifers of southern Italy is a major scientific task due to the relevant socio-economic and environmental role of the related groundwater resources. In this paper, the results of two methods, applied at different spatial and time scales, are reported. At regional and mean annual scales, through a multidisciplinary approach, the mean Annual Groudwater Recharge Coefficient (AGRC) was estimated for four sample karst aquifers, with available long-lasting spring discharge time series. Such estimations were extended to other karst aquifers of southern Italy by means of an empirical law that was found linking the AGRC to percentages of outcropping lithologies and endorheic/summit plateau areas. At local and episodic scales, the groundwater recharge of a test perched karst aquifer, belonging to the Mount Terminio hydrogeological structure (Campania region, southern Italy) was estimated. For such a purpose, an improvement of the Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) method, known as Episodic Master Recession (EMR), was applied to estimate the Recharge to Precipitation Ratio (RPR) coefficient, which represents the amount of precipitation recharging groundwater. Results obtained through the first approach furnished AGRC values varying between 50% and 79% and well matching with estimations of infiltration coefficients known in literature for other karst aquifers of Europe. Moreover, the mean value of RPR determined for the local karst aquifer (73%) resulted well matching with the AGRC estimated for the whole Mount Terminio karst aquifer (79%). By the comparison of these outcomes, at the regional and mean annual scales, the groundwater recharge of karst aquifers was found as mainly controlled by both the extension of outcropping lithologies and endorheic/summit plateau zones. While at the local and episodic scales, the groundwater recharge was recognized as chiefly influenced by the rainfall intensity and soil hydrological condition. C1 [Manna, Ferdinando; Allocca, Vincenzo; De Vita, Pantaleone] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Earth Sci Environm & Resources, Naples, Italy. [Nimmo, John R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Manna, F (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Earth Sci Environm & Resources, Naples, Italy. EM ferdinando.manna@unina.it OI De Vita, Pantaleone/0000-0002-0692-8630 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC GEOLOGICA ITALIANA PI ROME PA UNIV DEGLI STUDI LA SAPIENZA, DIPART SCI DELLA TERRA, PIAZZALE ALDO MORO 5, ROME, I-00185, ITALY SN 2035-8008 J9 REND ONLINE SOC GEOL JI Rend. Online Soc. Geol. Ital. PD APR PY 2015 VL 35 BP 196 EP 199 DI 10.3301/ROL.2015.99 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DI0GL UT WOS:000373173500051 ER PT J AU Wyshnytzky, CE Ouimet, WB McCarthy, J Dethier, DP Shroba, RR Bierman, PR Rood, DH AF Wyshnytzky, Cianna E. Ouimet, William B. McCarthy, James Dethier, David P. Shroba, Ralph R. Bierman, Paul R. Rood, Dylan H. TI Meteoric Be-10, clay, and extractable iron depth profiles in the Colorado Front Range: Implications for understanding soil mixing and erosion SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Meteoric Be-10; Clay; Fed; Soil; Hillslope erosion and sediment transport; Boulder Creek CZO ID BOULDER CREEK; TERM RATES; TRANSPORT; HILLSLOPE; AL-26 AB Analyzing meteoric Be-10 in soil profiles along with soil measurements such as pedogenic Fe and clay content permits better understanding of meteoric Be-10 transport in soils, soil formation, and hillslope geomorphology. This study presents meteoric Be-10 depth profiles from saprolite-derived soil catenas sampled in the Gordon Gulch catchment, Colorado Front Range and from nearby c. 130 and 15 ka glacial moraines. We compare meteoric Be-10 data with more classically used soil analyses of clay and extractable iron (Fed) content. Meteoric Be-10 and Fed do not show consistent trends in the hillslope profiles. Meteoric Be-10 and clay concentrations, however, generally decrease with depth and highest concentrations of Be-10 in horizons coincide with highest clay concentrations. Soils at moraine sites are better developed than those on hillslopes, and correlations of Be-10, Fed, and clay are stronger. In Gordon Gulch, south-facing hillslopes display meteoric Be-10 bulges at depth and lower near-surface concentrations compared to the declining profiles and higher near-surface concentrations of north-facing hillslopes. The aspect differences imply that south-facing hillslopes experience greater vertical mixing than north-facing hillslopes, and that greater lateral transport and erosion has occurred over the last 15-20 ka on south-facing hillslopes relative to north-facing hillslopes. Meteoric Be-10 depth profiles at moraine sites display bulge profiles with highest meteoric Be-10 concentrations in B-horizons, reflecting landform stability and pedogenic processes. Overall, our data demonstrate that signatures of chemical weathering in soils (Fed and clay) may or may not correlate to the meteoric Be-10 added through atmospheric deposition, and that profile shape of meteoric Be-10 can provide insight into the relative contribution of vertical mixing and surface erosion in relation to catena location and aspect during hillslope evolution. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wyshnytzky, Cianna E.] Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Ouimet, William B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Geog, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. [Ouimet, William B.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Integrat Geosci, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. [McCarthy, James; Dethier, David P.] Williams Coll, Dept Geosci, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [Shroba, Ralph R.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Bierman, Paul R.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Bierman, Paul R.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Rood, Dylan H.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Rood, Dylan H.] Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. RP Wyshnytzky, CE (reprint author), Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Geog, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. EM c.e.wyshnytzky@qmul.ac.uk; william.ouimet@uconn.edu; james.anderson.mccarthy@gmail.com; David.P.Dethier@williams.edu; rshroba@usgs.gov; pbierman@uvm.edu; d.rood@imperial.ac.uk FU Keck Geology Consortium; National Science Foundation [NSF EAR-1062720]; University of Connecticut Research Foundation; NSF Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory [NSF EAR-072496]; Amherst College; Williams College FX This project was funded in part by the Keck Geology Consortium and the National Science Foundation (NSF EAR-1062720), University of Connecticut Research Foundation, NSF Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory (NSF EAR-072496), and support from Amherst College and Williams College. Ellie Maley and Haley Corson-Rickert assisted in the field. Charles Trodick at the Cosmogenic Nuclide Laboratory at the University of Vermont helped prepare some samples for meteoric 10Be AMS measurement We wish to thank and acknowledge colleagues and collaborators at the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory, especially Bob Anderson, Melissa Foster, and Suzanne Anderson. This paper was strengthened by reviews from Arjun Heimsath and an anonymous reviewer. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD APR PY 2015 VL 127 BP 32 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2014.12.008 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA CB8KF UT WOS:000349877800005 ER PT J AU Necpalova, M Anex, RP Fienen, MN Del Grosso, SJ Castellano, MJ Sawyer, JE Iqbal, J Pantoja, JL Barker, DW AF Necpalova, Magdalena Anex, Robert P. Fienen, Michael N. Del Grosso, Stephen J. Castellano, Michael J. Sawyer, John E. Iqbal, Javed Pantoja, Jose L. Barker, Daniel W. TI Understanding the Day Cent model: Calibration, sensitivity, and identifiability through inverse modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE DayCent model; Inverse modeling; PEST; Sensitivity analysis; Parameter identifiability; Parameter correlations ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; EVALUATING PARAMETER IDENTIFIABILITY; DAYCENT ECOSYSTEM MODEL; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ERROR REDUCTION; 2 STATISTICS; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; N2O EMISSIONS; WATER-FLOW AB The ability of biogeochemical ecosystem models to represent agro-ecosystems depends on their correct integration with field observations. We report simultaneous calibration of 67 DayCent model parameters using multiple observation types through inverse modeling using the PEST parameter estimation software. Parameter estimation reduced the total sum of weighted squared residuals by 56% and improved model fit to crop productivity, soil carbon, volumetric soil water content, soil temperature, N2O, and soil NO3- compared to the default simulation. Inverse modeling substantially reduced predictive model error relative to the default model for all model predictions, except for soil NO3- and NH4+. Post-processing analyses provided insights into parameter-observation relationships based on parameter correlations, sensitivity and identifiability. Inverse modeling tools are shown to be a powerful way to systematize and accelerate the process of biogeochemical model interrogation, improving our understanding of model function and the underlying ecosystem biogeochemical processes that they represent. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Necpalova, Magdalena; Anex, Robert P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Fienen, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Castellano, Michael J.; Sawyer, John E.; Iqbal, Javed; Pantoja, Jose L.; Barker, Daniel W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. RP Necpalova, M (reprint author), ETH, Tannenstr 1, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM magnec@gmail.com; anex@wisc.edu; mnfienen@usgs.gov; delgro@warnercnr.colostate.edu; castelmj@iastate.edu; jsawyer@iastate.edu; jiqbal@iastate.edu OI Necpalova, Magdalena/0000-0002-5227-6397; Castellano, Michael/0000-0003-1411-7931 FU USDA-NIFA [2011-68002-30190] FX This research is part of a regional collaborative project supported by the USDA-NIFA, Award No. 2011-68002-30190, "Cropping Systems Coordinated Agricultural Project: Climate Change, Mitigation, and Adaptation in Corn-based Cropping Systems." The dataset used in this paper was derived from field research experiment conducted by Michael J. Castellano and John E. Sawyer as part of the Cropping Systems CAP. Project Web site: sustainablecorn.org. The 11 institutions comprising the project team include the following Land Grant Universities and USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS): Iowa State University, Lincoln University, Michigan State University, The Ohio State University, Purdue University, South Dakota State University, University of Illinois, University of Minnesota, University of Missouri, University of Wisconsin, and USDA-ARS Columbus, Ohio. We appreciate the review comments made by Tom Nolan (USGS) and three anonymous reviewers; their insights improved the manuscript. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD APR PY 2015 VL 66 BP 110 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.12.011 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB8JT UT WOS:000349876500012 ER PT J AU Franchini, M McFarlane, C Maydagan, L Reich, M Lentz, DR Meinert, L Bouhier, V AF Franchini, Marta McFarlane, Christopher Maydagan, Laura Reich, Martin Lentz, David R. Meinert, Lawrence Bouhier, Veronica TI Trace metals in pyrite and marcasite from the Agua Rica porphyry-high sulfidation epithermal deposit, Catamarca, Argentina: Textural features and metal zoning at the porphyry to epithermal transition SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Trace elements; Pyrite-marcasite; Porphyry Cu; High sulfidation epithermal ID MARIN POLYMETALLIC DEPOSIT; BEARING ARSENIAN PYRITE; PASCUA AU-AG; INVISIBLE GOLD; CU; NANOPARTICLES; ARSENOPYRITE; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; MINERALIZATION AB Agua Rica is a world-class Cu (Mo-Au) deposit located in Catamarca, Argentina, in which the porphyry and high sulfidation epithermal stages are juxtaposed due to the telescoping of the mineralizing system. Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide in the analyzed section of the deposit and shows variations in textures and trace metal content (determined by LA-ICPMS), between the porphyry and epithermal stages. Pyrite from the porphyry stage is fine grained and depleted in most trace elements analyzed, except for traces of Co (up to 276 ppm) and Ni (up to 131 ppm). Pyrite from the epithermal stage is texturally complex, compositionally heterogeneous, and the trace metal content varies with depth and within sub-stages of mineralization. At an intermediate depth (2625 m), epithermal pyrite from the cement of the jig-saw and clast-supported hydrothermal breccias are enriched in Cu (up to 2961 ppm) that correlates with the highest Cu grades in the section. This pyrite contains micro-inclusions of sulfosalt minerals as inferred by LA-ICPMS elemental mapping and individual spot ablation profiles. They are zoned and show a Co-rich core, an intermediate zone enriched in Cu, and an outer rim rich in Zn. At shallower levels (3000 m), epithermal pyrite cements in the heterolithic hydrothermal breccia are unusually rich in trace metals that correlate with the highest Pb, Zn, Au, and Ag grades. The ore-stage pyrite occurs as either successive colloform bands on earlier Co-bearing cores or as veinlets infill. The colloform pyrite bands and veinlets are As-poor (<30 ppm) and enriched in Pb (up to 4528 ppm), Cu (up to 3900 ppm), Zn (up to 1078 ppm), Ag (up to 136 ppm), Au (up to 6.7 ppm), Bi (up to 1077 ppm), and Te (up to 3.1 ppm). In LA-ICPMS elemental maps, arsenic concentrates in a thin inner band within the thicker, trace element-rich rims. The colloform banding in pyrite is interpreted to reflect rapid crystallization during fluid boiling at a hydrothermal fluid-meteoric water interface, creating intense fluctuations in temperature and producing undercooling in the mixed fluid. This late and shallow fluid was depleted in As and Cu and also precipitated alunite, Fe-poor sphalerite, and marcasite enriched in trace metals. Maximum Au and Ag inputs into the system occurred towards the end of the epithermal cycle and are expressed by the Au-Ag-rich rims in hydrothermal pyrite. Based on Au-As data in pyrite, ore fluids forming early pyrite were undersaturated with respect to native Au (solid solution incorporation), while later fluids precipitating colloform pyrite were supersaturated with respect to native Au forming Au nanoparticles. This study provides evidence that pyrite records chemical changes at the porphyry to epithermal transition that can be used to monitor hydrothermal fluid evolution, constrain different mineralization stages, and vector towards undiscovered ore zones. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Franchini, Marta; Maydagan, Laura; Bouhier, Veronica] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Franchini, Marta; Maydagan, Laura; Bouhier, Veronica] Univ Nacl Comahue, Fac Ingn, Dept Geol & Petr, RA-8300 Buenos Aires, Neuquen, Argentina. [McFarlane, Christopher; Lentz, David R.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Earth Sci, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Maydagan, Laura; Bouhier, Veronica] Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Geol, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Reich, Martin] Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Santiago, Chile. [Reich, Martin] Univ Chile, Andean Geothermal Ctr Excellence CEGA, Santiago, Chile. [Meinert, Lawrence] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Franchini, M (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Reich, Martin/L-4931-2015 OI Reich, Martin/0000-0002-7269-7586 FU Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas Argentino (PIP) [6043, 1083]; Universidad Nacional del Comahue [04/I167, 04/I002]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX This work forms part of a project financed by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas Argentino (PIP no 6043 and PIP no 1083) and Universidad Nacional del Comahue (no 04/I167 and 04/I002). David Lentz and Chris McFarlane are supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant. We express our appreciation to Dr. Yan Luo (UNB) for helping with the acquisition of the LA-ICP-MS data, to Ross Large and Richard Goldfarb for their helpfuland constructive reviews which led to further improvement of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 11 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD APR PY 2015 VL 66 BP 366 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.10.022 PG 22 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA CA0PZ UT WOS:000348620500019 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Yurek, S AF DeAngelis, Donald L. Yurek, Simeon TI Equation-free modeling unravels the behavior of complex ecological systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.; Yurek, Simeon] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM don_deangelis@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 31 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 13 BP 3856 EP 3857 DI 10.1073/pnas.1503154112 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE5ZH UT WOS:000351914500032 PM 25829536 ER PT J AU Alonso, RS McClintock, BT Lyren, LM Boydston, EE Crooks, KR AF Alonso, Robert S. McClintock, Brett T. Lyren, Lisa M. Boydston, Erin E. Crooks, Kevin R. TI Mark-Recapture and Mark-Resight Methods for Estimating Abundance with Remote Cameras: A Carnivore Case Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATICALLY TRIGGERED CAMERAS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HOME-RANGE; POPULATION; DENSITY; MODELS; BOBCATS; INFERENCE AB Abundance estimation of carnivore populations is difficult and has prompted the use of non-invasive detection methods, such as remotely-triggered cameras, to collect data. To analyze photo data, studies focusing on carnivores with unique pelage patterns have utilized a mark-recapture framework and studies of carnivores without unique pelage patterns have used a mark-resight framework. We compared mark-resight and mark-recapture estimation methods to estimate bobcat (Lynx rufus) population sizes, which motivated the development of a new "hybrid" mark-resight model as an alternative to traditional methods. We deployed a sampling grid of 30 cameras throughout the urban southern California study area. Additionally, we physically captured and marked a subset of the bobcat population with GPS telemetry collars. Since we could identify individual bobcats with photos of unique pelage patterns and a subset of the population was physically marked, we were able to use traditional mark-recapture and mark-resight methods, as well as the new "hybrid" mark-resight model we developed to estimate bobcat abundance. We recorded 109 bobcat photos during 4,669 camera nights and physically marked 27 bobcats with GPS telemetry collars. Abundance estimates produced by the traditional mark-recapture, traditional mark-resight, and "hybrid" mark-resight methods were similar, however precision differed depending on the models used. Traditional mark-recapture and mark-resight estimates were relatively imprecise with percent confidence interval lengths exceeding 100% of point estimates. Hybrid mark-resight models produced better precision with percent confidence intervals not exceeding 57%. The increased precision of the hybrid mark-resight method stems from utilizing the complete encounter histories of physically marked individuals (including those never detected by a camera trap) and the encounter histories of naturally marked individuals detected at camera traps. This new estimator may be particularly useful for estimating abundance of uniquely identifiable species that are difficult to sample using camera traps alone. C1 [Alonso, Robert S.; Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Alonso, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lyren, Lisa M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Crooks, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kevin.crooks@colostate.edu FU Nature Conservancy; Irvine Company; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program [NSF-EF 0723676, NSF-DEB 1413925] FX Funding support was provided by The Nature Conservancy, The Irvine Company, the Transportation Corridor Agencies, and the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF-EF 0723676; NSF-DEB 1413925). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0123032 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0123032 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE9AD UT WOS:000352134700214 PM 25822245 ER PT J AU George, AE Chapman, DC AF George, Amy E. Chapman, Duane C. TI Embryonic and Larval Development and Early Behavior in Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella: Implications for Recruitment in Rivers SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; BIGHEAD CARP; WHITE SUCKER; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; FISH; PREDICT; EGGS; RED AB With recent findings of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in tributaries of the Great Lakes, information on developmental rate and larval behavior is critical to efforts to assess the potential for establishment within the tributaries of that region. In laboratory experiments, grass carp were spawned and eggs and larvae reared at two temperature treatments, one "cold" and one "warm", and tracked for developmental rate, egg size, and behavior. Developmental rate was quantified using Yi's (1988) developmental stages and the cumulative thermal units method. Grass carp had a thermal minimum of 13.5 degrees C for embryonic stages and 13.3 degrees C for larval stages. Egg size was related to temperature and maternal size, with the largest eggs coming from the largest females, and eggs were generally larger in warmer treatments. Young grass carp larvae exhibited upward and downward swimming interspersed with long periods of lying on the bottom. Swimming capacity increased with ontogeny, and larvae were capable of horizontal swimming and position holding with gas bladder emergence. Developmental rates, behavior, and egg attributes can be used in combination with physical parameters of a river to assess the risk that grass carp are capable of reproduction and recruitment in rivers. C1 [George, Amy E.; Chapman, Duane C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP George, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM ageorge@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX U.S. Geological Survey Base Funding to DCC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0119023 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0119023 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE9AD UT WOS:000352134700030 PM 25822837 ER PT J AU Casas, SM La Peyre, J La Peyre, MK AF Casas, Sandra M. La Peyre, Jerome La Peyre, Megan K. TI Restoration of oyster reefs in an estuarine lake: population dynamics and shell accretion SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Oyster reef restoration; Crassostrea virginica; Population demographics; Spatial variability; Temporal variability; Shell accretion; Louisiana; Gulf of Mexico ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; PERKINSUS-MARINUS; EASTERN OYSTER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SALINITY; HABITAT; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; RECRUITMENT AB Restoration activities inherently depend on understanding the spatial and temporal variation in basic demographic rates of the species of interest. For species that modify and maintain their own habitat such as the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, understanding demographic rates and their impacts on population and habitat success are crucial to ensuring restoration success. We measured oyster recruitment, density, size distribution, biomass, mortality and Perkinsus marinus infection intensity quarterly for 3 yr on shallow intertidal reefs created with shell cultch in March 2009. All reefs were located within Sister Lake, LA. Reefs were placed in pairs at 3 different locations within the lake; pairs were placed in low and medium energy sites within each location. Restored reefs placed within close proximity (<8 km) experienced very different development trajectories; there was high inter-site and inter-annual variation in recruitment and mortality of oysters, with only slight variation in growth curves. Despite this high variation in population dynamics, all reefs supported dense oyster populations (728 +/- 102 ind. m(-2)) and high live oyster biomass (>14.6 kg m(-2)) at the end of 3 yr. Shell accretion, on average, exceeded estimated rates required to keep pace with local subsidence and shell loss. Variation in recruitment, growth and survival drives local site-specific population success, which highlights the need to understand local water quality, hydrodynamics, and metapopulation dynamics when planning restoration. C1 [Casas, Sandra M.; La Peyre, Jerome] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Dept Vet Sci, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapeyre@agcenter.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries FX We thank the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for financial support for this project. P. Yakupzack, C. Duplechain, J. Tai, J. Lee, S. Miller, L. Schwarting, A. Humphries, S. Martin, J. Furlong, G. Decossas, A. Catalanello, S. Beck, T. Mace, L. Broussard, S. Hein, P. Banks, H. Finley, J. Gordon, A. Honig, P. Westbrook, B. Wagner, L. Pitre, and B. Eberline provided logistical, field, and laboratory assistance. Thanks to M. Voisin and Motivatit Seafood for providing oyster shell and launch facilities. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Fish and invertebrates were collected under LDWF saltwater scientific collecting permit no. 1904 and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit 08-005 to Dr. M. La Peyre through the Louisiana State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 524 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.3354/meps11198 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CF1GQ UT WOS:000352292900013 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, S Huddart, D Israde-Alcantara, I Dominguez-Vazquez, G Bischoff, J Felstead, N AF Gonzalez, Silvia Huddart, David Israde-Alcantara, Isabel Dominguez-Vazquez, Gabriela Bischoff, James Felstead, Nicholas TI Paleoindian sites from the Basin of Mexico: Evidence from stratigraphy, tephrochronology and dating SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Late Pleistocene; Mexico; Tephra; Dating; Mammoths; Paleoindians ID LATE PLEISTOCENE; HOLOCENE; MAMMOTH; LAKE; PALEOENVIRONMENTS; ARTIFACTS; TOCUILA; VOLCANO; IZTAPAN; CHALCO AB We present new data on the stratigraphy, dating and tephrochonology at the most important Paleoindian sites in the Basin of Mexico. These include: a) Penon Woman III, with the oldest directly radiocarbon dated human remains (10,755 +/- 75 BP); b) Tlapacoya, with two human crania dated to just over 10 ka BP; c) Tocuila, an important mammoth site with incorporation of fossils and suggested bone tools within the Upper Toluca Pumice (UTP) lahar (volcanic mudflow). The Tocuila site also includes potential evidence for a layer associated with the Younger Dryas meteorite airburst, with charcoal, iron microspherules, micro-tektites (melted glass) and volcanic ash, dated to 10,800 +/- 50 BP and d) the Santa Isabel Iztapan mammoths I and II with lithics of Scottsbluff, Lerma and Angostura types and obsidian prismatic blades but lacking the characteristic fluted Clovis type points normally associated with mammoth kills and butchering and dated after the Pumice with Andesite (PWA) layer between 14,500 BP and 10,900 BP, before the Younger Dryas interval. These results show that these lithic traditions in Central Mexico are older than in the Great Plains of USA. Several tephra markers are recognised in the sites that help to constrain the stratigraphy and dating of the archaeological sequences. However tephra reworking in marginal lake sites is present and has been carefully considered, especially for the PWA tephra. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Gonzalez, Silvia; Huddart, David] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Israde-Alcantara, Isabel] Univ Michoacana, IIM, Dept Geol & Mineral, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Dominguez-Vazquez, Gabriela] Univ Michoacana, Fac Biol, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Bischoff, James] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Felstead, Nicholas] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3HP, England. RP Gonzalez, S (reprint author), Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Byrom St, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. EM S.Gonzalez@ljmu.ac.uk; D.Huddart@ljmu.ac.uk; isaisrade@gmail.com; gdoguez@yahoo.com.mx; jbischoff@usgs.gov; nicholas.felstead@durham.ac.uk FU Liverpool John Moores University; NERC [NE/C519446/1]; Coordinacion de Investigacion Cientifica de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Mexico FX We are very grateful to Don Celso Ramirez and family for access to the Tocuila site and Museum during the last 15 years and Jose Concepcion Jimenez Lopez (INAH, Mexico) for access and sampling of the Preceramic Humans collection at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico. We acknowledge the help during fieldwork and discussions with Alan Turner and Graham Sherwood from LJMU in the early development of this work. We thank the NERC Electron Microprobe Unit at Edinburgh University, especially Peter Hill, David Steel and Anthony Newton for access to the facilities and support over the years during the tephra analysis. Financial help during fieldwork was obtained from Liverpool John Moores University and NERC, grant NE/C519446/1 and from the Coordinacion de Investigacion Cientifica de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Mexico. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 363 BP 4 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.03.015 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE3UJ UT WOS:000351754400002 ER PT J AU Limber, PW Murray, AB AF Limber, Patrick W. Murray, A. Brad TI Sea stack formation and the role of abrasion on beach-mantled headlands SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE rocky coast; sea stack; sea cliff dynamics; sediment transport; numerical modeling ID SEDIMENT BUDGET; SHORE PLATFORMS; EASTERN CANADA; LITTORAL CELL; ROCK COAST; EROSION; SAND; CALIFORNIA; MODEL; BEDROCK AB Sea stacks are common and striking coastal landforms, but few details are known about how, how quickly, and under what conditions they form. We present numerical and analytical models of sea stack formation due to preferential erosion along a pre-existing headland to address these basic questions. On sediment-rich rocky coasts, as sea cliffs erode and retreat, they produce beach sediment that is distributed by alongshore sediment transport and controls future sea cliff retreat rates. Depending on their width, beaches can encourage or discourage sea cliff erosion by acting either as an abrasive tool or a protective cover that dissipates wave energy seaward of the cliff. Along the flanks of rocky headlands where pocket beaches are often curved and narrow due to wave field variability, abrasion can accelerate alongshore-directed sea cliff erosion. Eventually, abrasion-induced preferential erosion can cut a channel through a headland, separating it from the mainland to become a sea stack. Under a symmetrical wave climate (i.e. equal influence of waves approaching the coastline from the right and from the left), numerical and analytical model results suggest that sea stack formation time and plan-view size are proportional to preferential erosion intensity (caused by, for example, abrasion and/or local rock weakness from joints, faults, or fractures) and initial headland aspect ratio, and that sea stack formation is discouraged when the sediment input from sea cliff retreat is too high (i.e. sea cliffs retreat quickly or are sand-rich). When initial headland aspect ratio is too small, and the headland is rounded' (much wider in the alongshore direction at its base than at its seaward apex), the headland is less conducive to sea stack formation. On top of these geomorphic and morphologic controls, a highly asymmetrical wave climate decreases sea stack size and discourages stack formation through rock-sediment interactions. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Limber, Patrick W.; Murray, A. Brad] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Limber, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM plimber@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1024815] FX Special thanks to Kenneth Ells, Andrew Barkwith and Chris Thomas for helping with model development. The authors would also like to thank Peter Adams, Evan Goldstein, Peter Haff, and Lincoln Pratson. This research is supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1024815. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 559 EP 568 DI 10.1002/esp.3667 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CE1ZP UT WOS:000351612100010 ER PT J AU Chynoweth, MW Lepczyk, CA Litton, CM Hess, SC Kellner, JR Cordell, S AF Chynoweth, Mark W. Lepczyk, Christopher A. Litton, Creighton M. Hess, Steven C. Kellner, James R. Cordell, Susan TI Home Range Use and Movement Patterns of Non-Native Feral Goats in a Tropical Island Montane Dry Landscape SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; CAPRA-HIRCUS; SOCIAL SEGREGATION; ANIMAL ECOLOGY; DYNAMICS; UNGULATE; GPS; ECOSYSTEMS; RAINFALL; HABITAT AB Advances in wildlife telemetry and remote sensing technology facilitate studies of broad-scale movements of ungulates in relation to phenological shifts in vegetation. In tropical island dry landscapes, home range use and movements of non-native feral goats (Capra hircus) are largely unknown, yet this information is important to help guide the conservation and restoration of some of the world's most critically endangered ecosystems. We hypothesized that feral goats would respond to resource pulses in vegetation by traveling to areas of recent green-up. To address this hypothesis, we fitted six male and seven female feral goats with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars equipped with an Argos satellite upload link to examine goat movements in relation to the plant phenology using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Movement patterns of 50% of males and 40% of females suggested conditional movement between non-overlapping home ranges throughout the year. A shift in NDVI values corresponded with movement between primary and secondary ranges of goats that exhibited long-distance movement, suggesting that vegetation phenology as captured by NDVI is a good indicator of the habitat and movement patterns of feral goats in tropical island dry landscapes. In the context of conservation and restoration of tropical island landscapes, the results of our study identify how non-native feral goats use resources across a broad landscape to sustain their populations and facilitate invasion of native plant communities. C1 [Chynoweth, Mark W.; Lepczyk, Christopher A.; Litton, Creighton M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hess, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawail Natl Pk, HI USA. [Kellner, James R.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Cordell, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI USA. RP Chynoweth, MW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM chynoweth.mark@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [2010094953]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Research Joint Venture [08-JV-11272177-074]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-1645]; W. T. Yoshimoto Foundation Endowed Fellowship in Animal Wildlife Conservation Biology; Invasive Species Program of USGS FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant #2010094953 to MWC; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Research Joint Venture 08-JV-11272177-074 to CML; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program RC-1645 to SC; W. T. Yoshimoto Foundation Endowed Fellowship in Animal Wildlife Conservation Biology to MWC. Support for SH was provided by the Invasive Species Program of USGS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 25 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0119231 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0119231 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CE5MO UT WOS:000351880000023 PM 25807275 ER PT J AU Rose, KA Sable, S DeAngelis, DL Yurek, S Trexler, JC Graf, W Reed, DJ AF Rose, Kenneth A. Sable, Shaye DeAngelis, Donald L. Yurek, Simeon Trexler, Joel C. Graf, William Reed, Denise J. TI Proposed best modeling practices for assessing the effects of ecosystem restoration on fish SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem; Restoration; Fish; Controversy; Models; Best practices ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; POPULATION REGULATION; HABITAT SUITABILITY; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; PREY PATCHINESS; SOUTH FLORIDA; REGIME SHIFTS; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; UNCERTAINTY AB Large-scale aquatic ecosystem restoration is increasing and is often controversial because of the economic costs involved, with the focus of the controversies gravitating to the modeling of fish responses. We present a scheme for best practices in selecting, implementing, interpreting, and reporting of fish modeling designed to assess the effects of restoration actions on fish populations and aquatic food webs. Previous best practice schemes that tended to be more general are summarized, and they form the foundation for our scheme that is specifically tailored for fish and restoration. We then preserfta 31-step scheme, with supporting text and narrative for each step, which goes from understanding how the results will be used through post-auditing to ensure the approach is used effectively in subsequent applications. We also describe 13 concepts that need to be considered in parallel to these best practice steps. Examples of these concepts include: life cycles and strategies; variability and uncertainty; nonequilibrium theory; biological, temporal, and spatial scaling; explicit versus implicit representation of processes; and model validation. These concepts are often not considered or not explicitly stated and casual treatment of them leads to mis-communication and mis-understandings, which in turn, often underlie the resulting controversies. We illustrate a subset of these steps, and their associated concepts, using the three case studies of Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, the wetlands of coastal Louisiana, and the Everglades. Use of our proposed scheme will require investment of additional time and effort (and dollars) to be done effectively. We argue that such an investment is well worth it and will more than pay back in the long run in effective and efficient restoration actions and likely avoided controversies and legal proceedings. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Energy, Coast, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sable, Shaye] Dynam Solut, Baton Rouge, LA 70801 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Yurek, Simeon] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Trexler, Joel C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Graf, William] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Reed, Denise J.] Water Inst Gulf, Baton Rouge, LA 70825 USA. RP Rose, KA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Energy, Coast, Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM karose@lsu.edu; ssable@dsllc.com; don_deangelis@usgs.gov; syurek@bio.rniami.edu; trexlerj@fiu.edu; graf@sc.edu; dreed@thewaterinstitute.org FU Water Institute of the Gulf; Louisiana's Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority FX This paper evolved from a variety of workshops involving some of the authors on how to use ecological and fish models, a report for the California Delta Science Program on how to develop and implement salmon life cycle models (with James Anderson, Michelle McClure, and Greg Ruggerone), and a report prepared by KAR and SS and funded by Louisiana's Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority on how to select fish models for evaluating restoration options for the 2017 Coastal Master Plan. KAR and SS want to thank The Water Institute of the Gulf for their funding support to write this paper. Statement of Author Contributions: KAR and SS developed the overall scheme; DLD, SY, and JCT provided the Everglades example; WG provided the Colorado River example; DJR worked with KAR and SS on the Coastal Louisiana example; all authors contributed to the final document. NR 130 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 24 PY 2015 VL 300 BP 12 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.12.020 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD2UU UT WOS:000350935300002 ER PT J AU Bhandari, RK vom Saal, FS Tillitt, DE AF Bhandari, Ramji K. vom Saal, Frederick S. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Transgenerational effects from early developmental exposures to bisphenol A or 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol in medaka, Oryzias latipes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MODEL SYSTEM; FERTILITY; ZEBRAFISH; ESTRADIOL; WILDLIFE; ELEGANS; HUMANS AB The transgenerational consequences of environmental contaminant exposures of aquatic vertebrates have the potential for broad ecological impacts, yet are largely uninvestigated. Bisphenol A (BPA) and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are two ubiquitous estrogenic chemicals present in aquatic environments throughout the United States and many other countries. Aquatic organisms, including fish, are exposed to varying concentrations of these chemicals at various stages of their life history. Here, we tested the ability of embryonic exposure to BPA or EE2 to cause adverse health outcomes at later life stages and transgenerational abnormalities in medaka fish. Exposures of F0 medaka to either BPA (100 mu g/L) or EE2 (0.05 mu g/L) during the first 7 days of embryonic development, when germ cells are differentiating, did not cause any apparent phenotypic abnormalities in F0 or F1 generations, but led to a significant reduction in the fertilization rate in offspring two generations later (F2) as well as a reduction of embryo survival in offspring three generations later (F3). Our present observations suggest that BPA or EE2 exposure during development induces transgenerational phenotypes of reproductive impairment and compromised embryonic survival in fish of subsequent generations. These adverse outcomes may have negative impacts on populations of fish inhabiting contaminated aquatic environments. C1 [Bhandari, Ramji K.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Bhandari, Ramji K.; vom Saal, Frederick S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bhandari, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM rbhandari@usgs.gov FU USGS Contaminants Biology Program, Environmental Health Mission Area FX Authors thank Dr. Julia Taylor for conducting BPA analyses, James Candrl, Diane Nicks, Vanessa Velez, Rachel Claunch, Caitlin Jandegain, and John Carroll for assistance during experimental period and Christopher Schmitt for invaluable suggestions on earlier versions of this manuscript, and Dr. Stephen D. McCormick for critical review of the manuscript. This study was supported by the USGS Contaminants Biology Program, Environmental Health Mission Area. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 20 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 9303 DI 10.1038/srep09303 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CD7RK UT WOS:000351288600002 PM 25790734 ER PT J AU Gray, HJ Mahan, SA AF Gray, Harrison J. Mahan, Shannon A. TI Variables and potential models for the bleaching of luminescence signals in fluvial environments SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Bleaching; OSL; Luminescence; Fluvial; Model; IRSL ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; BEER-LAMBERT LAW; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CORRECTIONS; SKY LUMINANCE DISTRIBUTION; ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT; SEDIMENTATION-RATES; QUARTZ; IRRADIANCE; TRANSPORT; WATER AB Luminescence dating of fluvial sediments rests on the assumption that sufficient sunlight is available to remove a previously obtained signal in a process deemed bleaching. However, luminescence signals obtained from sediment in the active channels of rivers often contain residual signals. This paper explores and attempts to build theoretical models for the bleaching of luminescence signals in fluvial settings. We present two models, one for sediment transported in an episodic manner, such as flood-driven washes in arid environments, and one for sediment transported in a continuous manner, such as in large continental scale rivers. The episodic flow model assumes that the majority of sediment is bleached while exposed to sunlight at the near surface between flood events and predicts a power-law decay in luminescence signal with downstream transport distance. The continuous flow model is developed by combining the Beer-Lambert law for the attenuation of light through a water column with a general-order kinetics equation to produce an equation with the form of a double negative exponential. The inflection point of this equation is compared with the sediment concentration from a Rouse profile to derive a non-dimensional number capable of assessing the likely extent of bleaching for a given set of luminescence and fluvial parameters. Although these models are theoretically based and not yet necessarily applicable to real-world fluvial systems, we introduce these ideas to stimulate discussion and encourage the development of comprehensive bleaching models with predictive power. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Gray, Harrison J.; Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gray, Harrison J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Environm Res, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Gray, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Gray, Harrison/0000-0002-4555-7473; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAR 19 PY 2015 VL 362 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.007 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CD3RO UT WOS:000350998100007 ER PT J AU Mahan, SA Donlan, RA Kardos, B AF Mahan, Shannon A. Donlan, Rebecca A. Kardos, Barbara TI Luminescence dating of anthropogenic features of the San Luis Valley, Colorado: From stone huts to stone walls SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE OSL; San Luis Valley; Colorado; Stone huts; Stone wall; Luminescence dating ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; FLUVIAL DEPOSITS; COSMIC-RAY; QUARTZ; SINGLE; RATES; AGE; TL AB The Snake Nest Wall site and the Crestone Stone Huts are in the northern San Luis Valley, Colorado, and provide a unique opportunity to date high-altitude archeological sites of unknown age and origin using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). We sampled sediment underlying foundation stones of these structures to establish a chronological framework for each site's construction. OSL dating of the quartz grains directly under the Snake Nest Wall suggest that the stones and, therefore, the structure was most recently emplaced between 1855 and 1890 A. D. Dating of the sediment beneath the Crestone Stone Huts suggests the construction time of these huts is between 1860 and 1890 A. D. Analysis of the equivalent dose (DE) dispersion of the OSL samples at Snake Nest Wall and the Crestone Huts shows that the majority of sediments were fully bleached prior to deposition and the low scatter suggests that short-term or shallow alluvial processes were the dominant transport for sediments. In both cases, the OSL ages show that the construction was during very recent historical times, although it is likely that the Snake Nest Wall was rebuilt in the late 19th century. Further study is warranted at the Snake Nest Wall since it shows signs of greater antiquity and a continued presence of human use. The Crestone Huts are shown to be a product of railroad building during the boomtown days of Lucky and Crestone. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Donlan, Rebecca A.] Native Amer Res & Preservat Inc, Salida, CO 81201 USA. RP Mahan, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM smahan@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAR 19 PY 2015 VL 362 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.067 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CD3RO UT WOS:000350998100008 ER PT J AU Ellwein, AL Mahan, SA McFadden, LD AF Ellwein, Amy L. Mahan, Shannon A. McFadden, Leslie D. TI Impacts of climate change on the formation and stability of late Quaternary sand sheets and falling dunes, Black Mesa region, southern Colorado Plateau, USA SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Eolian; Soil stratigraphy; Falling dunes; Linear dunes; OSL geochronology ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; MOJAVE DESERT; LATE PLEISTOCENE; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; NORTHEASTERN ARIZONA; LATE HOLOCENE; GREAT-PLAINS; EOLIAN SAND AB Detailed geomorphic mapping and analysis of soil-stratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of eolian sand dunes on Black Mesa, Arizona, reveal eolian sediment deposition occurred from 30 to 16 ka, followed by a period of widespread dune stabilization from 12 to 8 ka. Localized reactivation of the previously stabilized dune forms or local changes in sediment supply have occurred in the middle to late Holocene in this region. Cooler, wetter, and more variable climatic conditions during MIS 3 and 2 led to increased channel and floodplain sediment supply. Eolian sediment derived from these sources was transported up to 60 km. Deposition of this material has reduced regional topographic roughness by filling tributary canyon 'traps' oriented perpendicular to the dominant wind and sediment transport direction. Topographically controlled falling dunes and sand ramps in this region are preserved because of their geomorphic position and provide evidence of the paleoenvironmental state of the fluvial and eolian systems before, during, and immediately after the last glacial maximum on the southern Colorado Plateau. Widely used predictive models of eolian system dynamics are typically based entirely on climatic variables and do not account for landscape complexity and geomorphic history. Climate-only assumptions fail to give accurate predictions of the dynamics of this and many other dune fields. A growing body of work suggests that eolian deposits in wind-driven semiarid climates may be more strongly related to increases in sediment supply than to increases in aridity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Ellwein, Amy L.; McFadden, Leslie D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ellwein, AL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM amy.ellwein@gmail.com OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU Center for Rapid Environmental Assessment and Terrain Evaluation (CREATE) at the University of New Mexico (UNM); Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at UNM; Geological Society of America (GSA) FX Resources supporting this work were provided by the Center for Rapid Environmental Assessment and Terrain Evaluation (CREATE; Director Louis Scuderi) at the University of New Mexico (UNM), as well as through scholarships and grants to Ellwein from the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at UNM and the Geological Society of America (GSA). We would like to thank the following individuals for field and laboratory assistance as well as their intellectual contributions to various aspects of this work: Patrick Ellwein, Joseph McAuliffe, Grant Meyer, Jennifer New-Parker, Leah Roberts, Louis Scuderi, Benjamin Swanson, and particularly Timothy Wawrzyniec for inspiration, perserverance, and academic generosity. This manuscript was greatly improved by thoughtful comments from Michelle Nelson, Lyman Persico, and editorial contributions of Janet Slate. Special thanks to the Navajo Nation and Hopi Tribe for permission to conduct this research on their lands and the generosity and good humor of folks we met in the field. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 96 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAR 19 PY 2015 VL 362 BP 87 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.10.015 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CD3RO UT WOS:000350998100011 ER PT J AU Mascuch, SJ Moree, WJ Hsu, CC Turner, GG Cheng, TL Blehert, DS Kilpatrick, AM Frick, WF Meehan, MJ Dorrestein, PC Gerwick, L AF Mascuch, Samantha J. Moree, Wilna J. Hsu, Cheng-Chih Turner, Gregory G. Cheng, Tina L. Blehert, David S. Kilpatrick, A. Marm Frick, Winifred F. Meehan, Michael J. Dorrestein, Pieter C. Gerwick, Lena TI Direct Detection of Fungal Siderophores on Bats with White-Nose Syndrome via Fluorescence Microscopy-Guided Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; MOLECULAR NETWORKING; IRON ASSIMILATION; EMERGING DISEASE; DESTRUCTANS; GEOMYCES; VIRULENCE; PATHOGEN; INFECTION; ECOLOGY AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) caused by the pathogenic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans is decimating the populations of several hibernating North American bat species. Little is known about the molecular interplay between pathogen and host in this disease. Fluorescence microscopy ambient ionization mass spectrometry was used to generate metabolic profiles from the wings of both healthy and diseased bats of the genus Myotis. Fungal siderophores, molecules that scavenge iron from the environment, were detected on the wings of bats with WNS, but not on healthy bats. This work is among the first examples in which microbial molecules are directly detected from an infected host and highlights the ability of atmospheric ionization methodologies to provide direct molecular insight into infection. C1 [Mascuch, Samantha J.; Dorrestein, Pieter C.; Gerwick, Lena] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hsu, Cheng-Chih; Meehan, Michael J.; Dorrestein, Pieter C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Moree, Wilna J.; Hsu, Cheng-Chih; Meehan, Michael J.; Dorrestein, Pieter C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Turner, Gregory G.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Cheng, Tina L.; Kilpatrick, A. Marm; Frick, Winifred F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Gerwick, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lgerwick@ucsd.edu OI Hsu, Cheng-Chih/0000-0002-2892-5326 FU National Institutes of Health Grant [GM094802]; National Science Foundation [DEB-1115895]; P.E.O. fellowship FX Research in the laboratory of PCD for the development of real-time MS was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM094802 (http://www.nih.gov/). Research in the laboratory of AMK was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-1115895 (http://www.nsf.gov/). Work by SJM was partially supported by a P.E.O. fellowship (http://www.peointernational.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 17 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0119668 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0119668 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CD7QC UT WOS:000351284600084 PM 25781976 ER PT J AU Aryal, A Brooks, BA Reid, ME AF Aryal, Arjun Brooks, Benjamin A. Reid, Mark E. TI Landslide subsurface slip geometry inferred from 3-D surface displacement fields SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE landslide slip surface; lidar; inverse methods; terrestrial laser scanner ID TENSILE FAULTS; HALF-SPACE; DEFORMATION; DYNAMICS; SHEAR AB The stability of many large landslides is determined in part by deformation along buried, often inaccessible, slip surfaces. Factors such as infiltrating rainfall on the slip surface lead to stability changes. Yet characterizing the depth and shape of this slip surface is challenging. Here we examine the hypothesis that the subsurface slip geometry can be constrained by ground surface displacements in concert with two, mechanically distinct, forward models. We estimate a 3-D ground displacement field for the slow-moving Cleveland Corral landslide in California using repeat terrestrial laser scanner data. We test the efficacy of two models to estimate slip depth and slip magnitude of the slidea 2-D balanced cross-section method and an elastic dislocation model. The estimated slip surface depth using both methods matches in situ observations from shear rods installed in the slide within the 0.45m misfit indicating that these are valuable approaches for investigating landslide geometry and slip behavior. C1 [Aryal, Arjun; Brooks, Benjamin A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Brooks, Benjamin A.; Reid, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Aryal, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM aryal@hawaii.edu FU NASA Solid Earth program FX We thank Dianne Brien for her assistance with field measurements, Neil Frazer for his insight into the grid search method, and Steve Martel for his valuable discussions on the models we use here. We thank the USGS internal reviewers Ole Kaven and Jonathan Stock for their insightful comments. We also thank Roland Burgmann and two anonymous reviewers for detailed and discerning comments that significantly improved this work. The data presented in this paper are available through the NSF's Open Topography: www.opentopography.org. We would like to thank the NASA Solid Earth program for funding. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1411 EP 1417 DI 10.1002/2014GL062688 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE5CL UT WOS:000351847600019 ER PT J AU Aeby, GS Work, TM Runyon, CM Shore-Maggio, A Ushijima, B Videau, P Beurmann, S Callahan, SM AF Aeby, Greta S. Work, Thierry M. Runyon, Christina M. Shore-Maggio, Amanda Ushijima, Blake Videau, Patrick Beurmann, Silvia Callahan, Sean M. TI First Record of Black Band Disease in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Response, Outbreak Status, Virulence, and a Method of Treatment SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL DISEASE; WHITE SYNDROME; INDO-PACIFIC; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; HANALEI BAY; PREVALENCE; MONTIPORA; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB A high number of coral colonies, Montipora spp., with progressive tissue loss were reported from the north shore of Kaua'i by a member of the Eyes of the Reef volunteer reporting network. The disease has a distinct lesion (semi-circular pattern of tissue loss with an adjacent dark band) that was first observed in Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i in 2004. The disease, initially termed Montipora banded tissue loss, appeared grossly similar to black band disease (BBD), which affects corals worldwide. Following the initial report, a rapid response was initiated as outlined in Hawai'i's rapid response contingency plan to determine outbreak status and investigate the disease. Our study identified the three dominant bacterial constituents indicative of BBD (filamentous cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria) in coral disease lesions from Kaua'i, which provided the first evidence of BBD in the Hawaiian archipelago. A rapid survey at the alleged outbreak site found disease to affect 6-7% of the montiporids, which is higher than a prior prevalence of less than 1% measured on Kaua'i in 2004, indicative of an epizootic. Tagged colonies with BBD had an average rate of tissue loss of 5.7 cm2/day over a two-month period. Treatment of diseased colonies with a double band of marine epoxy, mixed with chlorine powder, effectively reduced colony mortality. Within two months, treated colonies lost an average of 30% less tissue compared to untreated controls. C1 [Aeby, Greta S.; Runyon, Christina M.; Shore-Maggio, Amanda; Ushijima, Blake; Beurmann, Silvia; Callahan, Sean M.] Hawai Inst Marine Biol, Kneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. [Aeby, Greta S.; Runyon, Christina M.; Callahan, Sean M.] Univ Hawaii, Marine Biol Grad Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Shore-Maggio, Amanda; Ushijima, Blake; Videau, Patrick; Beurmann, Silvia; Callahan, Sean M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Aeby, GS (reprint author), Hawai Inst Marine Biol, Kneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM greta@hawaii.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU Hawai'i Coral Reef Initiative; Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources; University of Hawaii FX Funding was provided, in part, by the Hawai'i Coral Reef Initiative and the Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources awarded to GSA. Further support was provided by the University of Hawaii. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0120853 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0120853 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CD6EY UT WOS:000351183500194 PM 25774800 ER PT J AU Stricker, CA Christ, AM Wunder, MB Doll, AC Farley, SD Rea, LD Rosen, DAS Scherer, RD Tollit, DJ AF Stricker, C. A. Christ, A. M. Wunder, M. B. Doll, A. C. Farley, S. D. Rea, L. D. Rosen, D. A. S. Scherer, R. D. Tollit, D. J. TI Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope trophic enrichment factors for Steller sea lion vibrissae relative to milk and fish/invertebrate diets SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pinniped; Stable isotopes; Fractionation; Diet; Vibrissae ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; NORTHERN FUR SEALS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; POPULATION DECLINE; PHOCA-VITULINA; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; FORAGING STRATEGIES; GREEN TURTLES; GROWTH-RATES; ALASKA AB Nutritional constraints have been proposed as a contributor to population declines in the endangered Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus in some regions of the North Pacific. Isotopic analysis of vibrissae (whiskers) is a potentially useful approach to resolving the nutritional ecology of this species because long-term (up to 8 yr) dietary information is sequentially recorded and metabolically inert once formed. Additionally, vibrissae are grown in utero, potentially offering indirect inference on maternal diet. However, diet reconstruction using isotopic techniques requires a priori knowledge of trophic enrichment factors (TEFs), which can vary relative to diet quality and among animal species. In this study, we provide new TEF estimates for (1) maternal relative to pup vibrissae during both gestation and nursing and (2) adult vibrissae relative to a complex diet. Further, we refine vibrissa-milk TEFs based on an additional 76 animals with an age distribution ranging from 1 to 20 mo. Mother-pup vibrissae TEF values during gestation and nursing were near zero for delta C-13 and averaged 0.8 and 1.6%, respectively, for delta N-15. In contrast, vibrissa-fish/invertebrate TEFs averaged 3.3 (+/- 0.3 SD) and 3.7% (+/- 0.3) for lipid-free delta C-13 and delta N-15, respectively. Average lipid-free d(13)C and d(15)N vibrissa-milk TEFs were 2.5 (+/- 0.9) and 1.8% (+/- 0.8), respectively, and did not differ among metapopulations. Empirically determined TEFs are critical for accurate retrospective diet modeling, particularly for evaluating the hypothesis of nutritional deficiency contributing to the lack of Steller sea lion population recovery in some regions of Alaska. C1 [Stricker, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Christ, A. M.; Farley, S. D.; Rea, L. D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Wunder, M. B.; Doll, A. C.; Scherer, R. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Rea, L. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosen, D. A. S.; Tollit, D. J.] Univ British Columbia, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Tollit, D. J.] SMRU Canada Ltd, Vancouver, BC V6K 1X4, Canada. RP Stricker, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cstricker@usgs.gov FU NOAA to the Alaska SeaLife Center; National Marine Mammal Laboratory; North Pacific Wildlife Consulting; Marine Mammal Energetics Aquarium; North Pacific Marine Science Foundation; NOAA; Animal Care Permits from the University of British Columbia; NOAA Cooperative Agreements FX We thank J. Waite, V. Burkanov and R. Andrews for logistical and financial support for the collection of samples in Russia. Research in Russia was conducted under permits from Russian permitting agencies, the Federal Veterinary and Agricultural Control Service (Rosselkhoznadzor, Sakhalin Region), Sakhalin-Kuril Territorial Department of the Federal Committee of Fisheries of Russia (Goskomrybolovstvo), and the Federal Environmental Control Service (Rosprirodnadzor) of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia. This research was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Alaska SeaLife Center, and was funded by grants from NOAA to the Alaska SeaLife Center and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Additional funding and logistical support was provided by North Pacific Wildlife Consulting. We are grateful for the assistance of the Marine Mammal Energetics Aquarium for their support. Funding was provided by the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation and NOAA, and studies were carried out under Animal Care Permits from the University of British Columbia. We appreciate the hard work of M. Drier (USGS) and the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility for sample preparation and stable isotope analyses. We also thank V. Stegall, J. Hayes, K. Kokx, and P. Rivera for laboratory preparation of free-ranging SSL vibrissae samples and the dedicated field teams from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) Steller Sea Lion Program, the Alaska SeaLife Center Transient Juvenile Program, and the Russian Marine Mammal Ecology Program for sample collection. Funding was provided through NOAA Cooperative Agreements. ADFG research was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act permits numbers 358-1564, 358-1769 and 358-1888 and ADFG ACUC #03-002 and #06-07. Peggy Ostrom and 3 anonymous reviewers provided welcome feedback on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR 16 PY 2015 VL 523 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.3354/meps11205 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CD9XC UT WOS:000351452700020 ER PT J AU Peterson, SH Roberts, DA Beland, M Kokaly, RF Ustin, SL AF Peterson, Seth H. Roberts, Dar A. Beland, Michael Kokaly, Raymond F. Ustin, Susan L. TI Oil detection in the coastal marshes of Louisiana using MESMA applied to band subsets of AVIRIS data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; Ecosystem disturbance and response; Oil spill ID HYPERSPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; ENDMEMBER SELECTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SALT MARSHES; VEGETATION; SPILL; HYDROCARBONS; DELTA AB We mapped oil presence in the marshes of Barataria Bay, Louisiana following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data. Oil and non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) have very similar spectra, differing only in two narrow hydrocarbon absorption regions around 1700 and 2300 nm. Confusion between NPV and oil is expressed as an increase in oil fraction error with increasing NPV, as shown by Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) applied to synthetic spectra generated with known endmember fractions. Significantly, the magnitude of error varied depending upon the type of NPV in the mixture. To reduce error, we used stable zone unmixing to identify a nine band subset that emphasized the hydrocarbon absorption regions, allowing for more accurate detection of oil presence using MESMA. When this band subset was applied to post-spill AVIRIS data acquired over Barataria Bay on several dates following the 2010 oil spill, accuracies ranged from 87.5% to 93.3%. Oil presence extended 10.5 m into the marsh for oiled shorelines, showing a reduced oil fraction with increasing distance from the shoreline. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Peterson, Seth H.; Roberts, Dar A.; Beland, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Beland, Michael] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Kokaly, Raymond F.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Peterson, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM seth@geog.ucsb.edu RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 FU NASA [NNX12AK58K]; NSF FX The NASA AVIRIS team collected a very large amount of data in areas affected by the Gulf oil spill, which has been critical to this research and will be useful for many more research projects. This work was funded in part by grant NNX12AK58K from the NASA Terrestrial Ecology program entitled "Coastal Wetland and Near Shore Ecosystem Impacts from the Gulf of Mexico BP Horizon Oil Spill Monitored by NASA's AVIRIS and MASTER Imagers" (Principal Investigator S. Ustin) and in part by a proposal to the NSF Rapid Grant Program entitled "Analysis of NASA's Advanced Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Data Acquired Over Multiple Dates and Flight lines along the Northern Gulf Coastline, including Barrier Islands," (Principal Investigator S. Ustin). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 159 BP 222 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CF7PO UT WOS:000352749000017 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA AF Warrick, Jonathan A. TI Trend analyses with river sediment rating curves SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE suspended-sediment discharge; sediment rating curve; trend analyses ID LAND-USE CHANGE; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; YANGTZE-RIVER; DISCHARGE; TRANSPORT; LOADS; FLUX; PARAMETERS; YIELDS AB Sediment rating curves, which are fitted relationships between river discharge (Q) and suspended-sediment concentration (C), are commonly used to assess patterns and trends in river water quality. In many of these studies, it is assumed that rating curves have a power-law form (i.e. C=aQ(b), where a and b are fitted parameters). Two fundamental questions about the utility of these techniques are assessed in this paper: (i) how well to the parameters, a and b, characterize trends in the data, and (ii) are trends in rating curves diagnostic of changes to river water or sediment discharge? As noted in previous research, the offset parameter, a, is not an independent variable for most rivers but rather strongly dependent on b and Q. Here, it is shown that a is a poor metric for trends in the vertical offset of a rating curve, and a new parameter, a, as determined by the discharge-normalized power function [C=a (Q/Q(GM))(b)], where Q(GM) is the geometric mean of the Q-values sampled, provides a better characterization of trends. However, these techniques must be applied carefully, because curvature in the relationship between log(Q) and log(C), which exists for many rivers, can produce false trends in a and b. Also, it is shown that trends in a and b are not uniquely diagnostic of river water or sediment supply conditions. For example, an increase in a can be caused by an increase in sediment supply, a decrease in water supply or a combination of these conditions. Large changes in water and sediment supplies can occur without any change in the parameters, a and b. Thus, trend analyses using sediment rating curves must include additional assessments of the time-dependent rates and trends of river water, sediment concentrations and sediment discharge. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov FU Applied Sediment Transport project of the US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Dave Rubin is thanked for early discussions on these topics; Sherie L'Heureux is thanked for publication support. This work was supported by the Applied Sediment Transport project of the US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 6 BP 936 EP 949 DI 10.1002/hyp.10198 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CC7LD UT WOS:000350548100010 ER PT J AU Thomas, MA Loague, K Voss, CI AF Thomas, Matthew A. Loague, Keith Voss, Clifford I. TI Fluid pressure responses for a Devil's Slide-like system: problem formulation and simulation SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hydrogeomorphology; deep-seated landslides; geologic conceptualization; hydrogeologic simulation; fluid pressure; factor of safety ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SLOPE-STABILITY AB This study employs a hydrogeologic simulation approach to investigate subsurface fluid pressures for a landslide-prone section of the central California, USA, coast known as Devil's Slide. Understanding the relative changes in subsurface fluid pressures is important for systems, such as Devil's Slide, where slope creep can be interrupted by episodic slip events. Surface mapping, exploratory core, tunnel excavation records, and dip meter data were leveraged to conceptualize the parameter space for three-dimensional (3D) Devil's Slide-like simulations. Field observations (i.e. seepage meter, water retention, and infiltration experiments; well records; and piezometric data) and groundwater flow simulation (i.e. one-dimensional vertical, transient, and variably saturated) were used to design the boundary conditions for 3D Devil's Slide-like problems. Twenty-four simulations of steady-state saturated subsurface flow were conducted in a concept-development mode. Recharge, heterogeneity, and anisotropy are shown to increase fluid pressures for failure-prone locations by up to 18.1, 4.5, and 1.8% respectively. Previous estimates of slope stability, driven by simple water balances, are significantly improved upon with the fluid pressures reported here. The results, for a Devil's Slide-like system, provide a foundation for future investigations. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Thomas, Matthew A.; Loague, Keith] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thomas, MA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tmatthew@stanford.edu FU United Parcel Service Foundation Endowment Fund; McGee/Levorsen Grant from the Stanford School of Earth Sciences FX This study would not have been possible without the cooperation of Grant Wilcox and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The authors are thankful for the tremendous generosity and good humour of Serena Ahlgren, Zoe Ahlgren, and Dana Denman at Shamrock Ranch. Theresa Schwartz, Kristin Meyer, Ryan Thomas, and Andrew Georgette provided heroic field assistance and were unwavering in their efforts to haul water and equipment up San Pedro Mountain. The first author is grateful to Dr Alden Provost and Dr Richard Winston at the US Geological Survey for providing keen insight that made it possible to wield SUTRA. The authors also thank Dr Brian Ebel for his comments, which improved this manuscript. The work was supported, in part, by the United Parcel Service Foundation Endowment Fund and a McGee/Levorsen Grant from the Stanford School of Earth Sciences. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1450 EP 1465 DI 10.1002/hyp.10267 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CC7LD UT WOS:000350548100049 ER PT J AU Singha, K Day-Lewis, FD Johnson, T Slater, LD AF Singha, K. Day-Lewis, F. D. Johnson, T. Slater, L. D. TI Advances in interpretation of subsurface processes with time-lapse electrical imaging SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Review DE electrical resistivity; induced polarization; complex resistivity; imaging; petrophysics; inversion ID INDUCED-POLARIZATION DATA; DATA INCORPORATING TOPOGRAPHY; NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; INFILTRATING RIVER WATER; RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; RESISTANCE TOMOGRAPHY; DC-RESISTIVITY; COMPLEX CONDUCTIVITY; VADOSE ZONE AB Electrical geophysical methods, including electrical resistivity, time-domain induced polarization, and complex resistivity, have become commonly used to image the near subsurface. Here, we outline their utility for time-lapse imaging of hydrological, geochemical, and biogeochemical processes, focusing on new instrumentation, processing, and analysis techniques specific to monitoring. We review data collection procedures, parameters measured, and petrophysical relationships and then outline the state of the science with respect to inversion methodologies, including coupled inversion. We conclude by highlighting recent research focused on innovative applications of time-lapse imaging in hydrology, biology, ecology, and geochemistry, among other areas of interest. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Singha, K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Day-Lewis, F. D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Johnson, T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Slater, L. D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Singha, K (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ksingha@mines.edu OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0747629]; Environmental Protection Agency Region 1; U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program FX This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant EAR-0747629 and Environmental Protection Agency Region 1 and the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and Groundwater Resources Program. We thank two anonymous reviews and Burke Minsley for thoughtful feedback. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 212 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1549 EP 1576 DI 10.1002/hyp.10280 PG 28 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CC7LD UT WOS:000350548100056 ER PT J AU Krause, TR Lu, YB Whitlock, C Fritz, SC Pierce, KL AF Krause, Teresa R. Lu, Yanbin Whitlock, Cathy Fritz, Sherilyn C. Pierce, Kenneth L. TI Patterns of terrestrial and limnologic development in the northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (USA) during the late-glacial/early-Holocene transition SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Late-glacial; Early Holocene; Pollen; Diatoms; Yellowstone ID MULTIPLE PROXY RECORDS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; NATIONAL-PARK; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; VARIABLE RESPONSES; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE-HISTORY; LAKE AB A high-resolution record of pollen, charcoal, diatom, and lithologic data from Dailey Lake in southwestern Montana describes postglacial terrestrial and limnologic development from ice retreat ca. 16,000 cal yr BP through the early Holocene. Following deglaciation, the landscape surrounding Dailey Lake was sparsely vegetated, and erosional input into the lake was high. As summer insolation increased and ice recessional processes subsided, Picea parkland developed and diatoms established in the lake at 13,300 cal yr BP. Closed subalpine forests of Picea, Abies, and Pinus established at 12,300 cal yr BP followed by the development of open Pinus and Pseudotsuga forests at 10,200 cal yr BP. Increased planktic diatom abundance indicates a step-like warming at 13,100 cal yr BP, and alternations between planktic and tychoplankic taxa suggest changes in lake thermal structure between 12,400 and 11,400 cal yr BP. An increasingly open forest, in combination with increased benthic diatoms, indicates warm dry summers during the early Holocene after 11,400 cal yr BP, in contrast to nearby records in northern Yellowstone that register prolonged summer-wet conditions until ca. 8000 cal yr BP. Because of its low elevation, Dailey Lake was apparently sensitive to the direct effects of increased summer insolation on temperature and effective moisture, registering dry summers. In contrast, higher elevations in northern Yellowstone responded to the indirect effects of an amplified seasonal insolation cycle on atmospheric circulation, including elevated winter snowpack and/or increased summer convective storms as a result of enhanced monsoonal circulation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Krause, Teresa R.; Whitlock, Cathy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Lu, Yanbin; Fritz, Sherilyn C.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Whitlock, Cathy] Montana State Univ, Montana Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Pierce, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Krause, TR (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM teresa.krause@msu.montana.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0801467, OISE-0966472] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants, including EAR-0801467 to Whitlock and Fritz and OISE-0966472 to Whitlock. Support in the field came from D. McWethy and V. Nagashima. We thank V. Nagashima, J. Giskaas, M. Spendel, and A. Peery for lab assistance, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 422 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.12.018 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA CC9QU UT WOS:000350706500005 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Stickley, CE Bukry, D AF Barron, John A. Stickley, Catherine E. Bukry, David TI Paleoceanographic, and paleoclimatic constraints on the global Eocene diatom and silicoflagellate record SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diatom; Silicoflagellate; Eocene paleoclimate; Paleoceanography; Sea level; Ocean gateway ID DEEP-WATER PRODUCTION; DRILLING-PROJECT LEG-81; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; LATE MIDDLE EOCENE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CLIMATIC OPTIMUM; SEA-ICE; PRODUCTION COINCIDENT; ROCKALL PLATEAU AB Eocene diatom and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy are summarized and correlated with the most recent geologic time scale as well as with the global oxygen isotope and eustatic sea level curves. The global distribution of Eocene diatom/silicoflagellate-bearing sediments varies considerably, reflecting changing oceanic gateways and paleoceanography with changing patterns that are punctuated by four major depositional events. Event 1 (similar to 49 million years ago, Ma), at the end of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), saw the cessation of diatom/silicoflagellate deposition in epicontinental regions of the North Sea region and in the northern Russia and the onset of biosilica deposition in the Arctic. Event 2 (similar to 46 Ma), which coincided with intensification of the Middle Eocene cooling trend, marked the widespread expansion of diatom/silicoflagellate deposition in both the North and South Atlantic. A shift of diatom/silicoflagellate deposition from the Atlantic to the Pacific began at Event 3, at the end of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) (similar to 40 Ma), that was likely tied to the initial opening of the Drake Passage between Antarctica and South America. Event 4 (similar to 39 Ma) coincided with a major sea level fall and a widespread deep-sea hiatus in the latest Middle Eocene. Late Eocene diatom/silicoflagellate deposition became more concentrated in middle-to-high latitude regions and coastal upwelling regions, particularly in the Pacific Ocean. Tabulation of the first and last occurrences of 132 biostratigraphically-important diatoms suggests increased species turnover during the latest Paleocene to earliest Eocene that may be in part due to a monographic effect. An increasing rate of evolution of new diatom species between similar to 46 and 43 Ma and after similar to 40 Ma coincides respectively with the widespread expansion of diatom deposition in the Atlantic and with an increased pole-to-equator thermal gradient that witnessed the expansion of diatoms in high latitude oceans and coastal upwelling settings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barron, John A.; Bukry, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stickley, Catherine E.] Evolut Appl Ltd, Cheltenham GL54 2PL, Glos, England. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov; catherine.stickley@gmail.com; dbukry@usgs.gov FU Research Council of Norway; Statoil ASA; Climate and Land Use, Research and Development Program FX The Micropalaeontological Society (UK) inspired the Eocene research of the senior author by awarding him the Brady Medal in 2011 and then enthusiastically receiving his lecture on the Eocene history of marine diatoms. Part of Catherine Sticldey's research was partly funded through the Research Council of Norway and Statoil ASA while she was at the Department of Geology, University of Tromso and Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromso, Norway. The research of Barron and Bukry was funded by the Climate and Land Use, Research and Development Program. We thank Ken Miller for providing an updated copy of the Kominz et al. (2008) sea level curve. This manuscript benefitted from initial reviews by Scott Starratt, Andy Gombos, Jakub Witkowski, and Tatiana Oreshkina and from the editorial review of Michael Clynne. Jakub and Tatiana contributed new information that improved the manuscript's interpretations. We are also grateful to our journal reviewers, Andrey Gladenkov and an anonymous reviewer, for their corrections and excellent suggestions. NR 141 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 422 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.01.015 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA CC9QU UT WOS:000350706500008 ER PT J AU Costanza, JK Terando, AJ McKerrow, AJ Collazo, JA AF Costanza, Jennifer K. Terando, Adam J. McKerrow, Alexa J. Collazo, Jaime A. TI Modeling climate change, urbanization, and fire effects on Pinus palustris ecosystems of the southeastern US SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate-resilient; Conservation; Open-canopy longleaf; State-and-transition simulation model; Urban growth ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LONGLEAF PINE; COASTAL-PLAIN; LAND-USE; DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEM; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FUTURE; VEGETATION; OVERSTORY; FORESTS AB Managing ecosystems for resilience and sustainability requires understanding how they will respond to future anthropogenic drivers such as climate change and urbanization. In fire-dependent ecosystems, predicting this response requires a focus on how these drivers will impact fire regimes. Here, we use scenarios of climate change, urbanization and management to simulate the future dynamics of the critically endangered and fire-dependent longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem. We investigated how climate change and urbanization will affect the ecosystem, and whether the two conservation goals of a 135% increase in total longleaf area and a doubling of fire-maintained open-canopy habitat can be achieved in the face of these drivers. Our results show that while climatic warming had little effect on the wildfire regime, and thus on longleaf pine dynamics, urban growth led to an 8% reduction in annual wildfire area. The management scenarios we tested increase the ecosystem's total extent by up to 62% and result in expansion of open-canopy longleaf by as much as 216%, meeting one of the two conservation goals for the ecosystem. We find that both conservation goals for this ecosystem, which is climate-resilient but vulnerable to urbanization, are only attainable if a greater focus is placed on restoration of non-longleaf areas as opposed to maintaining existing longleaf stands. Our approach demonstrates the importance of accounting for multiple relevant anthropogenic threats in an ecosystem-specific context in order to facilitate more effective management actions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Costanza, Jennifer K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27595 USA. [Terando, Adam J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Terando, Adam J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McKerrow, Alexa J.] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt & Synth, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Costanza, JK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forage & Environm Resources, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jennifer_costanza@ncsu.edu OI Terando, Adam/0000-0002-9280-043X; Costanza, Jennifer/0000-0002-3747-538X FU Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center [G11AC20524] FX T. Earnhardt assisted with development of the initial conditions, and C. Belyea assisted with urbanization projection data. We thank V. Carver and two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback on the manuscript. This research was supported by the Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center Contract G11AC20524. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 77 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 151 BP 186 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.032 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC1FZ UT WOS:000350087900020 PM 25576696 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JA Draugelis-Dale, RO Pinkney, AE Iwanowicz, LR Blazer, VS AF Jenkins, J. A. Draugelis-Dale, R. O. Pinkney, A. E. Iwanowicz, L. R. Blazer, V. S. TI Flow cytometric method for measuring chromatin fragmentation in fixed sperm from yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarker; Chromatin compaction; DNA fragmentation; Genotoxin; Flow cytometry; Spermatogenic stage ID DNA FRAGMENTATION; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; FERTILIZING ABILITY; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; MALE-INFERTILITY; SEMEN ANALYSIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; DAMAGE; INTEGRITY; SPERMATOGENESIS AB Declining harvests of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, in urbanized watersheds of Chesapeake Bay have prompted investigations of their reproductive fitness. The purpose of this study was to establish a flow cytometric technique for DNA analysis of fixed samples sent from the field to provide reliable gamete quality measurements. Similar to the sperm chromatin structure assay, measures were made on the susceptibility of nuclear DNA to acid-induced denaturation, but used fixed rather than live or thawed cells. Nuclei were best exposed to the acid treatment for 1 minute at 37 degrees C followed by the addition of cold (4 degrees C) propidium iodide staining solution before flow cytometry. The rationale for protocol development is presented graphically through cytograms. Field results collected in 2008 and 2009 revealed DNA fragmentation up to 14.5%. In 2008, DNA fragmentation from the more urbanized watersheds was significantly greater than from reference sites (P = 0.026) and in 2009, higher percentages of haploid testicular cells were noted from the less urbanized watersheds (P = 0.032) indicating better reproductive condition at sites with less urbanization. For both years, total and progressive live sperm motilities by computerassisted sperm motion analysis ranged from 19.1% to 76.5%, being significantly higher at the less urbanized sites (P < 0.05). This flow cytometric method takes advantage of the propensity of fragmented DNA to be denatured under standard conditions, or 1 minute at 37 degrees C with 10% buffered formalin fixed cells. The study of fixed sperm makes possible. the restrospective investigation of germplasm fragmentation, spermatogenic ploidy patterns, and chromatin compaction levels from samples translocated over distance and time. The protocol provides an approach that can be modified for other species across taxa. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jenkins, J. A.; Draugelis-Dale, R. O.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Pinkney, A. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. [Iwanowicz, L. R.; Blazer, V. S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Jenkins, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jenkinsj@usgs.gov OI Jenkins, Jill/0000-0002-5087-0894; Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Program; Gen On Energy; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (IAG) [501818H214] FX The work was supported in part by U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (IAG#501818H214), and Gen On Energy. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 83 IS 5 BP 920 EP 931 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.028 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA CC1FH UT WOS:000350086100017 PM 25559842 ER PT J AU Anderson, R Bridges, JC Williams, A Edgar, L Ollila, A Williams, J Nachon, M Mangold, N Fisk, M Schieber, J Gupta, S Dromart, G Wiens, R Le Mouelic, S Forni, O Lanza, N Mezzacappa, A Sautter, V Blaney, D Clark, B Clegg, S Gasnault, O Lasue, J Leveille, R Lewin, E Lewis, KW Maurice, S Newsom, H Schwenzer, SP Vaniman, D AF Anderson, Ryan Bridges, J. C. Williams, A. Edgar, L. Ollila, A. Williams, J. Nachon, M. Mangold, N. Fisk, M. Schieber, J. Gupta, S. Dromart, G. Wiens, R. Le Mouelic, S. Forni, O. Lanza, N. Mezzacappa, A. Sautter, V. Blaney, D. Clark, B. Clegg, S. Gasnault, O. Lasue, J. Leveille, R. Lewin, E. Lewis, K. W. Maurice, S. Newsom, H. Schwenzer, S. P. Vaniman, D. TI ChemCam results from the Shaler outcrop in Gale crater, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Mineralogy; Spectroscopy ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; INSTRUMENT SUITE; DISTANCES; METEORITE; CHLORINE; SULFUR; UNIT AB The ChemCam campaign at the fluvial sedimentary outcrop "Shaler" resulted in observations of 28 non-soil targets, 26 of which included active laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and all of which included Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) images. The Shaler outcrop can be divided into seven facies based on gain size, texture, color, resistance to erosion, and sedimentary structures. The ChemCam observations cover Facies 3 through 7. For all targets, the majority of the grains were below the limit of the RMI resolution, but many targets had a portion of resolvable grains coarser than similar to 0.5 mm. The Shaler facies show significant scatter in LIBS spectra and compositions from point to point, but several key compositional trends are apparent, most notably in the average K2O content of the observed facies. Facies 3 is lower in K2O than the other facies and is similar in composition to the "snake," a clastic dike that occurs lower in the Yellowknife Bay stratigraphic section. Facies 7 is enriched in 1(20 relative to the other fades and shows some compositional and textural similarities to float rocks near Yellowknife Bay. The remaining facies (4, 5, and 6) are similar in composition to the Sheepbed and Gillespie Lake members, although the Shaler fades have slightly elevated K2O and FeOT. Several analysis points within Shaler suggest the presence of feldspars, though these points have excess FeOT which suggests the presence of Fe oxide cement or inclusions. The majority of LIBS analyses have compositions which indicate that they are mixtures of pyroxene and feldspar. The Shaler feldspathic compositions are more alkaline than typical feldspars from shergottites, suggesting an alkaline basaltic source region, particularly for the K2O enriched Facies 7. Apart from possible iron-oxide cement, there is little evidence for chemical alteration at Shaler, although calcium-sulfate veins comparable to those observed lower in the stratigraphic section are present. The differing compositions, and inferred provenances at Shaler, suggest compositionally heterogeneous terrain in the Gale crater rim and surroundings, and intermittent periods of deposition. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Anderson, Ryan] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Williams, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Edgar, L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ollila, A.; Williams, J.; Newsom, H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Nachon, M.; Mangold, N.; Le Mouelic, S.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Fisk, M.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schieber, J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Gupta, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Dromart, G.] Univ Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Lanza, N.; Clegg, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Forni, O.; Gasnault, O.; Lasue, J.; Maurice, S.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Forni, O.; Gasnault, O.; Lasue, J.; Maurice, S.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Mezzacappa, A.] Delaware State Univ, Optic Sci Ctr Appl Res, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Sautter, V.] Museum Hist Nat Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. [Blaney, D.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Leveille, R.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Lewin, E.] Univ Grenoble 1, ISTerre, Grenoble, France. [Lewis, K. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schwenzer, S. P.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes LE1 7RH, Bucks, England. [Vaniman, D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Anderson, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rbanderson@usgs.gov; jcb36@leicester.ac.uk; amywill@ucdavis.edu; ledgarl@asu.edu; aollila@unm.edu; josh505@unm.edu; marion.nach@gmail.com; nicolas.mangold@univ-nantes.fr; Martin.Fisk@oregonstate.edu; jschiebe@indiana.edu; s.gupta@imperial.ac.uk; gilles.dromart@ens-Iyon.fr; rwiens@lanl.gov; stephane.lemouelic@univ-nantes.fr; olivier.forni@irap.omp.eu; nlanza@lanl.gov; amezzacappa09@students.desu.edu; vsautter@mnhn.fr; diana.Lblaney@jpl.nasa.gov; bclark@spacescience.org; sclegg@lanl.gov; olivier.gasnault@irap.omp.eu; jeremie.lasue@irap.omp.eu; rich.leveille@gmail.com; Eric.LEWIN@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr; sylvestre.maurice@irap.omp.eu; newsom@unm.edu; dvaniman@psi.edu RI Williams, Amy/B-6623-2014; LEWIN, Eric/F-1451-2017; OI Williams, Amy/0000-0001-6299-0845; Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Schwenzer, Susanne Petra/0000-0002-9608-0759; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU Mars Science Laboratory project; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Shoemaker Postdoctoral Fellowship; UK Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the Mars Science Laboratory project. The French contribution to ChemCam on MSL is supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Anderson acknowledges support from the Shoemaker Postdoctoral Fellowship. Gupta, Bridges, and Schwenzer acknowledge the support of the UK Space Agency. Contributions from Blaney have been conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank Brian Balta and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful and constructive comments. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 57 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 249 SI SI BP 2 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.025 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CA5SE UT WOS:000348967300002 ER PT J AU Lanza, NL Ollila, AM Cousin, A Wiens, RC Clegg, S Mangold, N Bridges, N Cooper, D Schmidt, M Berger, J Arvidson, R Melikechi, N Newsom, HE Tokar, R Hardgrove, C Mezzacappa, A Jackson, RS Clark, B Forni, O Maurice, S Nachon, M Anderson, RB Blank, J Deans, M Delapp, D Leveille, R McInroy, R Martinez, R Meslin, PY Pinet, P AF Lanza, Nina L. a Ollila, Ann M. b Cousin, Agnes a Wiens, Roger C. a Clegg, Samuel a Mangold, Nicolas c Bridges, Nathan d Cooper, Daniel a Schmidt, Mariek e Berger, Jeffrey f Arvidson, Raymond. g Melikechi, Noureddine h Newsom, Horton E. b Tokar, Robert i Hardgrove, Craig j Mezzacappa, Alissa h Jackson, Ryan S. b Clark, Benton k Forni, Olivier Maurice, Sylvestre m Nachon, Marion c Anderson, Ryan B. n Blank, Jennifer o Deans, Matthew p Delapp, Dorothea a Leveille, Richard q McInroy, Rhonda a Martinez, Ronald a Meslin, Pierre-Yves m Pinet, Patrick m TI Understanding the signature of rock coatings in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Spectroscopy; Geological processes; Experimental techniques ID ATACAMA DESERT IMPLICATIONS; CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT SUITE; GUSEV CRATER; WEATHERING RINDS; SPIRIT ROVER; VARNISH FORMATION; MARS; SEARCH; SOILS; LIFE AB Surface compositional features on rocks such as coatings and weathering rinds provide important information about past aqueous environments and water rock interactions. The search for these features represents an important aspect of the Curiosity rover mission. With its unique ability to do fine-scale chemical depth profiling, the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument (LIBS) onboard Curiosity can be used to both identify and analyze rock surface alteration features. In this study we analyze a terrestrial manganese-rich rock varnish coating on a basalt rock in the laboratory with the ChemCam engineering model to determine the LIBS signature of a natural rock coating. Results show that there is a systematic decrease in peak heights for elements such as Mn that are abundant in the coating but not the rock. There is significant spatial variation in the relative abundance of coating elements detected by LIBS depending on where on the rock surface sampled; this is due to the variability in thickness and spatial discontinuities in the coating. Similar trends have been identified in some martian rock targets in ChemCam data, suggesting that these rocks may have coatings or weathering rinds on their surfaces. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lanza, Nina L. a; Cousin, Agnes a; Wiens, Roger C. a; Clegg, Samuel a; Cooper, Daniel a; Delapp, Dorothea a; McInroy, Rhonda a; Martinez, Ronald a] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ollila, Ann M. b; Newsom, Horton E. b; Jackson, Ryan S. b] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mangold, Nicolas c; Nachon, Marion c] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR6112, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Bridges, Nathan d] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Schmidt, Mariek e] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Berger, Jeffrey f] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Arvidson, Raymond. g] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Melikechi, Noureddine h; Mezzacappa, Alissa h] Delaware State Univ, Opt Sci Ctr Appl Res, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Tokar, Robert i] Inst Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hardgrove, Craig j] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Clark, Benton k] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Forni, Olivier; Maurice, Sylvestre m; Meslin, Pierre-Yves m; Pinet, Patrick m] Univ Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France. [Forni, Olivier; Maurice, Sylvestre m; Meslin, Pierre-Yves m; Pinet, Patrick m] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Anderson, Ryan B. n] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Blank, Jennifer o] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Deans, Matthew p] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Leveille, Richard q] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. RP Lanza, NL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nlanza@lanl.gov; aollila@unm.edu; rwiens@lanl.gov; sclegg@lanl.gov; nicolas.mangold@univ-nantes.fr; nathan.bridges@jhuapl.edu; dcooper@lanl.gov; mschmidt2@brocku.ca; jberge44@uwo.ca; arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu; nmelikechi@desu.edu; newsom@unm.edu; rItokar@psi.edu; chardgrove@gmail.com; amezzacappa09@students.desu.edu; rjacks04@unm.edu; bclark@spacescience.org; olivier.forni@irap.omp.eu; sylvestre.maurice@irap.omp.eu; marion.nach@gmail.com; rbanderson@usgs.gov; jgblank@gmail.com; matthew.deans@nasa.gov; ddelapp@lanl.gov; rich.leveille@gmail.com; rhondam@lanl.gov; rkmartinez@lanl.gov; pmeslin@irap.omp.edu OI Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU Mars Science Laboratory project; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) on the French part of the ChemCam project FX This work was supported by the Mars Science Laboratory project, with additional support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) on the French part of the ChemCam project. We wish to thank M. Spilde for assistance with the SEM and two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 53 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 249 SI SI BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.038 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CA5SE UT WOS:000348967300005 ER PT J AU Le Mouelic, S Gasnault, O Herkenhoff, KE Bridges, NT Langevin, Y Mangold, N Maurice, S Wiens, RC Pinet, P Newsom, HE Deen, RG Bell, JF Johnson, JR Rapin, W Barraclough, B Blaney, DL Deflores, L Maki, J Malin, MC Perez, R Saccoccio, M AF Le Mouelic, S. Gasnault, O. Herkenhoff, K. E. Bridges, N. T. Langevin, Y. Mangold, N. Maurice, S. Wiens, R. C. Pinet, P. Newsom, H. E. Deen, R. G. Bell, J. F., III Johnson, J. R. Rapin, W. Barraclough, B. Blaney, D. L. Deflores, L. Maki, J. Malin, M. C. Perez, R. Saccoccio, M. TI The ChemCam Remote Micro-Imager at Gale crater: Review of the first year of operations on Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Mineralogy; Data reduction techniques; Image processing ID INSTRUMENT SUITE; CURIOSITY ROVER; SYSTEM; UNIT AB The Mars Science Laboratory rover, "Curiosity" landed near the base of a 5 km-high mound of layered material in Gale crater. Mounted on the rover mast, the ChemCam instrument is designed to remotely determine the composition of soils and rocks located a few meters from the rover, using a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS) coupled to a Remote Micro-Imager (RMI). We provide an overview of the diverse imaging investigations that were carried out by ChemCam's RMI during the first year of operation on Mars. 1182 individual panchromatic RMI images were acquired from Sol 10 to Sol 360 to document the ChemCam LIBS measurements and to characterize soils, rocks and rover hardware. We show several types of derived imaging products, including mosaics of images taken before and after laser shots, difference images to enhance the most subtle laser pits, merges with color Mastcam-100 images, micro-topography using the Z-stack technique, and time lapse movies. The very high spatial resolution of RMI is able to resolve rock textures at sub-mm scales, which provides clues regarding the origin (igneous versus sedimentary) of rocks, and to reveal information about their diagenetic and weathering evolution. In addition to its scientific value over the range accessible by LIES (1-7 m), we also show that RMI can also serve as a powerful long distance reconnaissance tool to characterize the landscape at distances up to several kilometers from the rover. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Mouelic, S.; Mangold, N.] Univ Nantes, CNRS UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, LPGNantes, F-44035 Nantes 3, France. [Gasnault, O.; Maurice, S.; Pinet, P.; Rapin, W.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Gasnault, O.; Maurice, S.; Pinet, P.; Rapin, W.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bridges, N. T.; Johnson, J. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Langevin, Y.] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. [Wiens, R. C.; Barraclough, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Newsom, H. E.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Deen, R. G.; Blaney, D. L.; Deflores, L.; Maki, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bell, J. F., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Malin, M. C.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. [Perez, R.; Saccoccio, M.] CENS, Toulouse, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W12 0HS, England. RP Le Mouelic, S (reprint author), Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, 2 Rue Houssiniere,BP 92208, F-44035 Nantes 3, France. EM stephane.lemouelic@univ-nantes.fr RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); NASA's Mars Program Office; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out with funding from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Work in the US was carried out under contract from NASA's Mars Program Office. The work of the JPL co-authors was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank F. Calef, K. Edgett and also two anonymous reviewers for their very constructive remarks and inputs. The authors gratefully acknowledge JPL for developing, leading and operating this successful mission. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 249 SI SI BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.030 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CA5SE UT WOS:000348967300007 ER PT J AU Nestell, GP Nestell, MK Ellwood, BB Wardlaw, BR Basu, AR Ghosh, N Lan, LTP Rowe, HD Hunt, A Tomkin, JH Ratcliffe, KT AF Nestell, Galina P. Nestell, Merlynd K. Ellwood, Brooks B. Wardlaw, Bruce R. Basu, Asish R. Ghosh, Nilotpal Luu Thi Phuong Lan Rowe, Harry D. Hunt, Andrew Tomkin, Jonathan H. Ratcliffe, Kenneth T. TI High influx of carbon in walls of agglutinated foraminifers during the Permian-Triassic transition in global oceans SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE carbon; Permian-Triassic transition; lead isotopes; foraminifers; Vietnam; pyrite clusters ID MASS EXTINCTION; SOUTH CHINA; BOUNDARY INTERVAL; LAGENIDE FORAMINIFERS; STRATOTYPE SECTION; RAPID ERUPTION; FLOOD BASALTS; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CLIMATE; SULFUR AB The Permian-Triassic mass extinction is postulated to be related to the rapid volcanism that produced the Siberian flood basalt (Traps). Unrelated volcanic eruptions producing several episodes of ash falls synchronous with the Siberian Traps are found in South China and Australia. Such regional eruptions could have caused wildfires, burning of coal deposits, and the dispersion of coal fly ash. These eruptions introduced a major influx of carbon into the atmosphere and oceans that can be recognized in the wall structure of foraminiferal tests present in survival populations in the boundary interval strata. Analysis of free specimens of foraminifers recovered from residues of conodont samples taken at a Permian-Triassic boundary section at Lung Cam in northern Vietnam has revealed the presence of a significant amount of elemental carbon, along with oxygen and silica, in their test wall structure, but an absence of calcium carbonate. These foraminifers, identified as Rectocornuspira kalhori, Cornuspira mahajeri, and Earlandia spp. and whose tests previously were considered to be calcareous, are confirmed to be agglutinated, and are now referred to as Ammodiscus kalhori and Hyperammina deformis. Measurement of the Pb-207/Pb-204 ratios in pyrite clusters attached to the foraminiferal tests confirmed that these tests inherited the Pb in their outer layer from carbon-contaminated seawater. We conclude that the source of the carbon could have been either global coal fly ash or forest fire-dispersed carbon, or a combination of both, that was dispersed into the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean immediately after the end-Permian extinction event. C1 [Nestell, Galina P.; Nestell, Merlynd K.; Basu, Asish R.; Ghosh, Nilotpal; Hunt, Andrew] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Ellwood, Brooks B.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wardlaw, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Palaeoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Ghosh, Nilotpal] Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Luu Thi Phuong Lan] Vietnamese Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys, Dept Geomagnetism, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Rowe, Harry D.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Tomkin, Jonathan H.] Univ Illinois, Sch Earth Soc & Environm, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ratcliffe, Kenneth T.] Chemostrat Inc, Houston, TX USA. RP Nestell, GP (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM gnestell@uta.edu OI Rowe, Harry/0000-0002-1665-6261 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0745393]; Vietnam Institute of Geophysics FX This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation [grant number EAR-0745393]. LTPL thanks the Vietnam Institute of Geophysics for partial funding for this project. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 EI 1938-2839 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD MAR 12 PY 2015 VL 57 IS 4 BP 411 EP 427 DI 10.1080/00206814.2015.1010610 PG 17 WC Geology SC Geology GA CD2FS UT WOS:000350891100002 ER PT J AU Sibrell, PL Penn, CJ Hedin, RS AF Sibrell, P. L. Penn, C. J. Hedin, R. S. TI Reducing Soluble Phosphorus in Dairy Effluents through Application of Mine Drainage Residuals SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE water quality; wastewater; Nonpoint source pollution ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; WASTE-WATER; BY-PRODUCTS; MANURE; REMOVAL; SOILS; EUTROPHICATION; SEQUESTRATION AB Three different dairy manure wastewater effluent samples were amended with mine drainage residuals (MDR) to evaluate the suitability of MDR for sequestration of phosphorus (P). Geochemical modeling of the manure wastewater compositions indicated that partially soluble P-bearing minerals including hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate, and vivianite were all oversaturated in each of the manure wastewater samples. Initial MDR amendment test results indicated that these partially soluble P minerals suspended in the wastewater replenished P in the water phase as it was sorbed by the MDR samples. Further investigations revealed that the MDR samples were effective in decreasing soluble P when the amended manure was tested using the water-extractable P procedure. Under these conditions, up to 90 percent of the soluble P in the manure was converted to a sorbed, water-insoluble state. Water contamination and large-scale validation tests of the process were also conducted. C1 [Sibrell, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Penn, C. J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Hedin, R. S.] Hedin Environm, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Sibrell, PL (reprint author), 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM psibrell@usgs.gov OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund; Trout Unlimited's Eastern Abandoned Mine Program FX This project was funded, in part, by a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Chesapeake Bay Stewardship Fund. The authors also thank Trout Unlimited's Eastern Abandoned Mine Program for additional support. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 EI 1532-2416 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD MAR 9 PY 2015 VL 46 IS 5 BP 545 EP 563 DI 10.1080/00103624.2014.998339 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA CC6AJ UT WOS:000350446600001 ER PT J AU Peterson, B Nelson, KJ Seielstad, C Stoker, J Jolly, WM Parsons, R AF Peterson, Birgit Nelson, Kurtis J. Seielstad, Carl Stoker, Jason Jolly, W. Matt Parsons, Russell TI Automated integration of lidar into the LANDFIRE product suite SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION; HEIGHT; VALIDATION; FIRE AB Accurate information about three-dimensional canopy structure and wildland fuel across the landscape is necessary for fire behaviour modelling system predictions. Remotely sensed data are invaluable for assessing these canopy characteristics over large areas; lidar data, in particular, are uniquely suited for quantifying three-dimensional canopy structure. Although lidar data are increasingly available, they have rarely been applied to wildland fuels mapping efforts, mostly due to two issues. First, the Landscape Fire and Resource Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) program, which has become the default source of large-scale fire behaviour modelling inputs for the US, does not currently incorporate lidar data into the vegetation and fuel mapping process because spatially continuous lidar data are not available at the national scale. Second, while lidar data are available for many land management units across the US, these data are underutilized for fire behaviour applications. This is partly due to a lack of local personnel trained to process and analyse lidar data. This investigation addresses these issues by developing the Creating Hybrid Structure from LANDFIRE/lidar Combinations (CHISLIC) tool. CHISLIC allows individuals to automatically generate a suite of vegetation structure and wildland fuel parameters from lidar data and infuse them into existing LANDFIRE data sets. CHISLIC will become available for wider distribution to the public through a partnership with the U.S. Forest Service's Wildland Fire Assessment System (WFAS) and may be incorporated into the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS) with additional design and testing. WFAS and WFDSS are the primary systems used to support tactical and strategic wildland fire management decisions. C1 [Peterson, Birgit] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Nelson, Kurtis J.; Stoker, Jason] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Seielstad, Carl] Univ Montana, Natl Ctr Landscape Fire Anal, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Jolly, W. Matt; Parsons, Russell] US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Peterson, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bpeterson@usgs.gov OI Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH12AU731]; USDA Forest Service; USGS [G13PC00028] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant # NNH12AU731. The work of Dr Jolly and Dr Parsons was supported by the USDA Forest Service. Dr Peterson's work was performed under USGS contract number G13PC00028. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 3 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2015.1029086 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CJ0JD UT WOS:000355160700009 ER PT J AU Colvin, ME Peterson, JT Kent, ML Schreck, CB AF Colvin, Michael E. Peterson, James T. Kent, Michael L. Schreck, Carl B. TI Occupancy Modeling for Improved Accuracy and Understanding of Pathogen Prevalence and Dynamics SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SITE-OCCUPANCY; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; IMPERFECT DETECTION; WHIRLING DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; FRESH-WATER; COHO SALMON; SENSITIVITY; WILDLIFE; TROUT AB Most pathogen detection tests are imperfect, with a sensitivity < 100%, thereby resulting in the potential for a false negative, where a pathogen is present but not detected. False negatives in a sample inflate the number of non-detections, negatively biasing estimates of pathogen prevalence. Histological examination of tissues as a diagnostic test can be advantageous as multiple pathogens can be examined and providing important information on associated pathological changes to the host. However, it is usually less sensitive than molecular or microbiological tests for specific pathogens. Our study objectives were to 1) develop a hierarchical occupancy model to examine pathogen prevalence in spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and their distribution among host tissues 2) use the model to estimate pathogen-specific test sensitivities and infection rates, and 3) illustrate the effect of using replicate within host sampling on sample sizes required to detect a pathogen. We examined histological sections of replicate tissue samples from spring Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha collected after spawning for common pathogens seen in this population: Apophallus/echinostome metacercariae, Parvicapsula minibicornis, Nanophyetus salmincola/metacercariae, and Renibacterium salmoninarum. A hierarchical occupancy model was developed to estimate pathogen and tissue-specific test sensitivities and unbiased estimation of host-and organ-level infection rates. Model estimated sensitivities and host-and organ-level infections rates varied among pathogens and model estimated infection rate was higher than prevalence unadjusted for test sensitivity, confirming that prevalence unadjusted for test sensitivity was negatively biased. The modeling approach provided an analytical approach for using hierarchically structured pathogen detection data from lower sensitivity diagnostic tests, such as histology, to obtain unbiased pathogen prevalence estimates with associated uncertainties. Accounting for test sensitivity using within host replicate samples also required fewer individual fish to be sampled. This approach is useful for evaluating pathogen or microbe community dynamics when test sensitivity is <100%. C1 [Colvin, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, James T.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Colvin, ME (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, POB 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Michael.colvin@msstate.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers, Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request [W66QKZ20836465]; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX This study was funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request Number W66QKZ20836465. The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 AR e0116605 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0116605 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CC9JM UT WOS:000350685900013 PM 25738709 ER PT J AU Landa, ER Shanley, JB AF Landa, Edward R. Shanley, James B. TI Ahead of His Time: Jacob Lipman's 1930 Estimate of Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition for the Conterminous United States SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sulfur; atmospheric deposition; Jacob Lipman; acid rain ID EMISSIONS AB A 1936 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin provided an early quantitative assessment of atmospheric deposition of sulfur for the United States that has been compared in this study with more recent assessments. In the early 20th century, anthropogenic sulfur additions from the atmosphere to the soil by the combustion of fossil fuels were viewed as part of the requisite nutrient supply of crops. Jacob G. Lipman, the founding editor of Soil Science, and his team at Rutgers University, made an inventory of such additions to soils of the conterminous United States during the economic depression of the 1930s as part of a federally funded project looking at nutrient balances in soils. Lipman's team gathered data compiled by the US Bureau of Mines on coal and other fuel consumption by state and calculated the corresponding amounts of sulfur emitted. Their work pioneered a method of assessment that became the norm in the 1970s to 1980swhen acid rain emerged as a national issue. Lipman's estimate of atmospheric sulfur deposition in the 1930 is in reasonable agreement with recent historic reconstructions. C1 [Landa, Edward R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM erlanda@umd.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 180 IS 3 BP 87 EP 89 DI 10.1097/SS.0000000000000118 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA CX3RO UT WOS:000365617100001 ER PT J AU Volentine, R Owens, A Tenopir, C Frame, M AF Volentine, Rachel Owens, Amber Tenopir, Carol Frame, Mike TI Usability Testing to Improve Research Data Services SO QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN LIBRARIES LA English DT Article DE Data; Libraries; DataONE; Usability; User Experience; Data Research Services AB Usability refers to the ease and accessibility of a system. Usability testing seeks to study how users interact with a system in order to improve the users' experience and satisfaction in achieving their objectives with the system. Usability testing is an important metric for improving a library's online services, including research data services. Libraries can help make research data available by providing repositories and data curation services for researchers to house their collected data. Providing services throughout the science data life cycle (i.e. plan, collect, share, and preserve) is important for producing higher quality research, expanding its impact, and data reuse. The Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE) is supported by the US National Science Foundation and seeks to provide the framework and cyber-infrastructure to meet the needs of the science community to provide constant and secure access to Earth observational data. The DataONE network has heavily invested and implemented a comprehensive Usability Program to ensure user-centric software and components are made available to the variety of DataONE stakeholders. DataONE's ONEMercury is a search tool for scientific data, and the ONEDrive is a mounted workspace on the user's computer that works with ONEMercury. In 2012, a usability test was performed of the DataONE's ONEMercury tool to evaluate how scientists engage with its content and information. Twenty-six participants performed a series of tasks using the tool. MORAE software recorded the sessions, including screen display, keystrokes, and mouse movements. Participants were also asked to think aloud as they completed the tasks. The results were analyzed by observation, think aloud, time on task, and number of errors. Another usability test was performed of the DataONE's ONEDrive to assess user impressions as the tool was in development. Six participants were shown a wireframe of the tool and asked for their feedback. This paper proposes to examine the results from the ONEMercury and ONEDrive tests and draw implications for libraries and other data providers wishing to implement and utilize usability practices and principles. C1 [Volentine, Rachel; Owens, Amber; Tenopir, Carol] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Frame, Mike] US Geol Survey, New York, NY USA. RP Volentine, R (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI kiaie, robabeh/I-2157-2016; kiaie, fatemeh/I-6083-2016 OI kiaie, robabeh/0000-0001-5251-3201; NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU INT SOC ART SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-ISAST PI ATHINA PA INT SOC ART SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-ISAST, ATHINA, 00000, GREECE SN 2241-1925 J9 QUAL QUANT METHODS L JI Qual. Quant. Methods Libr. PD MAR PY 2015 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA CV9ZR UT WOS:000364648700007 ER PT J AU Johnson, CJ Carlson, CM Morawski, AR Manthei, A Cashman, NR AF Johnson, Christopher J. Carlson, Christina M. Morawski, Aaron R. Manthei, Alyson Cashman, Neil R. TI Assessing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Species Barriers with an In Vitro Prion Protein Conversion Assay SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Medicine; Issue 97; Prion; species barrier; conversion; immunoblotting; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; interspecies transmission ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; SHEEP; PRP; SUSCEPTIBILITY; REPLICATION AB Studies to understanding interspecies transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, prion diseases) are challenging in that they typically rely upon lengthy and costly in vivo animal challenge studies. A number of in vitro assays have been developed to aid in measuring prion species barriers, thereby reducing animal use and providing quicker results than animal bioassays. Here, we present the protocol for a rapid in vitro prion conversion assay called the conversion efficiency ratio (CER) assay. In this assay cellular prion protein (PrPC) from an uninfected host brain is denatured at both pH 7.4 and 3.5 to produce two substrates. When the pH 7.4 substrate is incubated with TSE agent, the amount of PrPC that converts to a proteinase K (PK)-resistant state is modulated by the original host's species barrier to the TSE agent. In contrast, PrPC in the pH 3.5 substrate is misfolded by any TSE agent. By comparing the amount of PK-resistant prion protein in the two substrates, an assessment of the host's species barrier can be made. We show that the CER assay correctly predicts known prion species barriers of laboratory mice and, as an example, show some preliminary results suggesting that bobcats (Lynx rufus) may be susceptible to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) chronic wasting disease agent. C1 [Johnson, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Carlson, Christina M.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Morawski, Aaron R.] NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Manthei, Alyson] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Merial Vet Scholars Program, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI USA. [Cashman, Neil R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Neurol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Johnson, CJ (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM cjjohnson@usgs.gov RI Carlson, Christina/P-6507-2015; Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Carlson, Christina/0000-0002-4950-8273; Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD MAR PY 2015 IS 97 AR e52522 DI 10.3791/52522 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CR7MM UT WOS:000361534300039 ER PT J AU Hanks, EM Hooten, MB Alldredge, MW AF Hanks, Ephraim M. Hooten, Mevin B. Alldredge, Mat W. TI CONTINUOUS-TIME DISCRETE-SPACE MODELS FOR ANIMAL MOVEMENT SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Animal movement; multiple imputation; varying-coefficient model; Markov ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; POINT PROCESS MODELS; TELEMETRY DATA; RANDOM-WALKS; REGRESSION; FRAMEWORK; INFERENCE; ECOLOGY; LIKELIHOOD AB The processes influencing animal movement and resource selection are complex and varied. Past efforts to model behavioral changes over time used Bayesian statistical models with variable parameter space, such as reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches, which are computationally demanding and inaccessible to many practitioners. We present a continuous-time discrete-space (CTDS) model of animal movement that can be fit using standard generalized linear modeling (GLM) methods. This CTDS approach allows for the joint modeling of location-based as well as directional drivers of movement. Changing behavior over time is modeled using a varying-coefficient framework which maintains the computational simplicity of a GLM approach, and variable selection is accomplished using a group lasso penalty. We apply our approach to a study of two mountain lions (Puma concolor) in Colorado, USA. C1 [Hanks, Ephraim M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Alldredge, Mat W.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hanks, EM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, 325 Thomas Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hanks@psu.edu FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife [1201] FX We would like to thank Jake Ivan and multiple anonymous reviewers for providing valuable feedback on this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by Colorado Parks and Wildlife (#1201). Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 9 IS 1 BP 145 EP 165 DI 10.1214/14-AOAS803 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA CN3UX UT WOS:000358354400007 ER PT J AU DeBruyne, RL Roseman, EF AF DeBruyne, Robin L. Roseman, Edward F. TI The renaissance of North American large rivers: synthesis of the special section SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; large rivers; North America; restoration ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; RESTORATION; HABITAT; USA; BIODIVERSITY; LOUISIANA; KISSIMMEE; BENEFITS; PROJECT; BASIN C1 [DeBruyne, Robin L.; Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [DeBruyne, Robin L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP DeBruyne, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM rdebruyne@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838; DeBruyne, Robin L./0000-0002-9232-7937 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank the many authors and reviewers who contributed to this special section. Funds to support this work were provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project Template 70: Fish habitat remediation strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor. This is contribution number 1915 of the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 23 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1111/rec.12192 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH3WU UT WOS:000353962500006 ER PT J AU Manny, BA Roseman, EF Kennedy, G Boase, JC Craig, JM Bennion, DH Read, J Vaccaro, L Chiotti, J Drouin, R Ellison, R AF Manny, Bruce A. Roseman, Edward F. Kennedy, Gregory Boase, James C. Craig, Jaquelyn M. Bennion, David H. Read, Jennifer Vaccaro, Lynn Chiotti, Justin Drouin, Richard Ellison, Rosanne TI A scientific basis for restoring fish spawning habitat in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers of the Laurentian Great Lakes SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; conceptual design; large rivers ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; HURON-ERIE CORRIDOR; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT AB Loss of functional habitat in riverine systems is a global fisheries issue. Few studies, however, describe the decision-making approach taken to abate loss of fish spawning habitat. Numerous habitat restoration efforts are underway and documentation of successful restoration techniques for spawning habitat of desirable fish species in large rivers connecting the Laurentian Great Lakes are reported here. In 2003, to compensate for the loss of fish spawning habitat in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers that connect the Great Lakes Huron and Erie, an international partnership of state, federal, and academic scientists began restoring fish spawning habitat in both of these rivers. Using an adaptive management approach, we created 1,100 m(2) of productive fish spawning habitat near Belle Isle in the Detroit River in 2004; 3,300 m(2) of fish spawning habitat near Fighting Island in the Detroit River in 2008; and 4,000 m(2) of fish spawning habitat in the Middle Channel of the St. Clair River in 2012. Here, we describe the adaptive-feedback management approach that we used to guide our decision making during all phases of spawning habitat restoration, including problem identification, team building, hypothesis development, strategy development, prioritization of physical and biological imperatives, project implementation, habitat construction, monitoring of fish use of the constructed spawning habitats, and communication of research results. Numerous scientific and economic lessons learned from 10 years of planning, building, and assessing fish use of these three fish spawning habitat restoration projects are summarized in this article. C1 [Manny, Bruce A.; Roseman, Edward F.; Kennedy, Gregory; Craig, Jaquelyn M.; Bennion, David H.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Boase, James C.; Chiotti, Justin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Waterford, MI USA. [Read, Jennifer] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vaccaro, Lynn] Univ Michigan, Michigan Sea Grant, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Drouin, Richard] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, London, ON, Canada. [Ellison, Rosanne] US EPA, Grosse Ile, MI USA. RP Manny, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM bmanny@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 23 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1111/rec.12159 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH3WU UT WOS:000353962500008 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Schaeffer, JS Stewart, JS Slattery, MT AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Stewart, Jana S. Slattery, Michael T. TI Development of a spatially universal framework for classifying stream assemblages with application to conservation planning for Great Lakes lotic fish communities SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment tool; habitat; multi-scale classification; riverine ecosystem; spatial analyses; spatial units; stream fish communities ID BIODIVERSITY PATTERNS; LANDSCAPE VARIABLES; CLASSIFICATION; HABITAT; RIVER; MICHIGAN; MODELS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; WISCONSIN AB Classifications are typically specific to particular issues or areas, leading to patchworks of subjectively defined spatial units. Stream conservation is hindered by the lack of a universal habitat classification system and would benefit from an independent hydrology-guided spatial framework of units encompassing all aquatic habitats at multiple spatial scales within large regions. We present a system that explicitly separates the spatial framework from any particular classification developed from the framework. The framework was constructed from landscape variables that are hydrologically and biologically relevant, covered all space within the study area, and was nested hierarchically and spatially related at scales ranging from the stream reach to the entire region; classifications may be developed from any subset of the 9 basins, 107 watersheds, 459 subwatersheds, or 10,000s of valley segments or stream reaches. To illustrate the advantages of this approach, we developed a fish-guided classification generated from a framework for the Great Lakes region that produced a mosaic of habitat units which, when aggregated, formed larger patches of more general conditions at progressively broader spatial scales. We identified greater than 1,200 distinct fish habitat types at the valley segment scale, most of which were rare. Comparisons of biodiversity and species assemblages are easily examined at any scale. This system can identify and quantify habitat types, evaluate habitat quality for conservation and/or restoration, and assist managers and policymakers with prioritization of protection and restoration efforts. Similar spatial frameworks and habitat classifications can be developed for any organism in any riverine ecosystem. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.; Slattery, Michael T.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Stewart, Jana S.] US Geol Survey, USGS Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 23 IS 2 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1111/rec.12146 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH3WU UT WOS:000353962500010 ER PT J AU Goodman, DH Som, NA Alvarez, J Martin, A AF Goodman, Damon H. Som, Nicholas A. Alvarez, Justin Martin, Aaron TI A mapping technique to evaluate age-0 salmon habitat response from restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demonstration flow assessment; habitat modeling; habitat validation; restoration effectiveness monitoring ID DEMONSTRATION FLOW ASSESSMENT; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; RIVER RESTORATION; INSTREAM FLOW; STREAM; BIODIVERSITY; PERFORMANCE; PRECISION; PROTOCOLS; AGREEMENT AB To combat decades of anthropogenic degradation, restoration programs seek to improve ecological conditions through habitat enhancement. Rapid assessments of condition are needed to support adaptive management programs and improve the understanding of restoration effects at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Previous attempts to evaluate restoration practices on large river systems have been hampered by assessment tools that are irreproducible or metrics without clear connections to population responses. We modified a demonstration flow assessment approach to assess the realized changes in habitat quantity and quality attributable to restoration effects. We evaluated the technique's ability to predict anadromous salmonid habitat and survey reproducibility on the Trinity River in northern California. Fish preference clearly aligned with a priori designations of habitat quality: the odds of observing rearing Chinook or coho salmon within high-quality habitats ranged between 10 and 16 times greater than low qualities, and in all cases the highest counts were associated with highest quality habitat. In addition, the technique proved to be reproducible with "substantial" to "almost perfect" agreement of results from independent crews, a considerable improvement over a previous demonstration flow assessment. These results support the use of the technique for assessing changes in habitat from restoration efforts and for informing adaptive management decisions. C1 [Goodman, Damon H.; Som, Nicholas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Alvarez, Justin] Hoopa Valley Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Hoopa, CA USA. [Martin, Aaron] Yurok Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Willow Creek, CA USA. RP Goodman, DH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM damon_goodman@fws.gov FU Trinity River Restoration Program FX Many individuals contributed to the success of this project. In particular, we would like to thank the field crew members for their support. Joe Polos and Nick J. Hetrick of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided guidance for the study design and execution, and Jim Haas of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Training and Conservation Center for editorial support. Finally, we would like to thank Susan Yates, Robin DeBruyne, and the blind reviewers of Restoration Ecology for their thoughtful input. This project was funded by the Trinity River Restoration Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 23 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1111/rec.12148 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH3WU UT WOS:000353962500011 ER PT J AU Braaten, PJ Elliott, CM Rhoten, JC Fuller, DB McElroy, BJ AF Braaten, Patrick J. Elliott, Caroline M. Rhoten, Jason C. Fuller, David B. McElroy, Brandon J. TI Migrations and swimming capabilities of endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) to guide passage designs in the fragmented Yellowstone River SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acipenseridae; biotelemetry; dams; fishmigration; fragmentation; habitat improvement; river channel hydraulics; river connectivity ID UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; WHITE STURGEON; LAKE STURGEON; FLOW REGULATION; NORTH-DAKOTA; FISH; MONTANA; HABITAT; CONSERVATION AB Fragmentation of the Yellowstone River is hypothesized to preclude recruitment of endangered Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) by impeding upstream spawning migrations and access to upstream spawning areas, thereby limiting the length of free-flowing river required for survival of early life stages. Building on this hypothesis, the reach of the Yellowstone River affected by Intake Diversion Dam (IDD) is targeted for modification. Structures including a rock ramp and by-pass channel have been proposed as restoration alternatives to facilitate passage. Limited information onmigrations and swimming capabilities of pallid sturgeon is available to guide engineering design specifications for the proposed structures. Migration behavior, pathways (channel routes used during migrations), and swimming capabilities of free-ranging wild adult pallid sturgeon were examined using radiotelemetry, and complemented with hydraulic data obtained along the migration pathways. Migrations of 12-26% of the telemetered pallid sturgeon population persisted to IDD, but upstream passage over the dam was not detected. Observed migration pathways occurred primarily through main channel habitats; however, migrations through side channels up to 3.9 km in length were documented. The majority of pallid sturgeon used depths of 2.2-3.4m and mean water velocities of 0.89-1.83 m/s while migrating. Results provide inferences on depths, velocities, and habitat heterogeneity of reaches successfully negotiated by pallid sturgeon that may be used to guide designs for structures facilitating passage at IDD. Passage will provide connectivity to potential upstream spawning areas on the Yellowstone River, thereby increasing the likelihood of recruitment for this endangered species. C1 [Braaten, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. [Elliott, Caroline M.; McElroy, Brandon J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Rhoten, Jason C.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Glendive, MT 59330 USA. [Fuller, David B.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. RP Braaten, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, POB 165, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. EM pbraaten@usgs.gov RI McElroy, Brandon/E-9391-2010 OI McElroy, Brandon/0000-0002-9683-4282 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program - Integrated Science Program; Western Area Power Administration FX This work was funded in part by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program - Integrated Science Program and Western Area Power Administration. We express thanks to personnel and contractors with the U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center (K. Chojnacki, D. Combs, S. Davenport, A. DeLonay, B. Griffith, T. Ignaszewski, R. Jacobson, T. Rehm, R. Thorsby, C. Trout, C. Vishy), U.S. Geological Survey Fort Peck Water Science Center (T. Brandt, R. Legare, P. Provencher), Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (M. Backes, C. Bollman, T. Haddix, B. Hesser, L. Holte, J. Hunziker, R. Lott, C. Wesolek, K. McCoy), and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (R. Wilson) for providing assistance in multiple capacities. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 23 IS 2 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1111/rec.12161 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH3WU UT WOS:000353962500012 ER PT J AU Hansen, JE Raubenheimer, B List, JH Elgar, S AF Hansen, Jeff E. Raubenheimer, Britt List, Jeffrey H. Elgar, Steve TI Modeled alongshore circulation and force balances onshore of a submarine canyon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE alongshore momentum balance; nonlinear advection; surfzone currents ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; SURF ZONE; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; RADIATION STRESS; COASTAL REGIONS; BARRED BEACHES; NEARSHORE; VERIFICATION; SIMULATIONS AB Alongshore force balances, including the role of nonlinear advection, in the shoaling and surf zones onshore of a submarine canyon are investigated using a numerical modeling system (Delft3D/SWAN). The model is calibrated with waves and alongshore flows recorded over a period of 1.5 months at 26 sites along the 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 m depth contours spanning about 2 km of coast. Field observation-based estimates of the alongshore pressure and radiation-stress gradients are reproduced well by the model. Model simulations suggest that the alongshore momentum balance is between the sum of the pressure and radiation-stress gradients and the sum of the nonlinear advective terms and bottom stress, with the remaining terms (e.g., wind stress and turbulent mixing) being negligible. The simulations also indicate that unexplained residuals in previous field-based estimates of the momentum balance may be owing to the neglect of the nonlinear advective terms, which are similar in magnitude to the sum of the forcing (pressure and radiations stress gradients) and to the bottom stress. C1 [Hansen, Jeff E.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Hansen, Jeff E.; Raubenheimer, Britt; Elgar, Steve] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [List, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hansen, JE (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA, Australia. EM jeff.hansen@uwa.edu.au FU WHOI-USGS; NSF; ONR; ASD(RE) FX The data used here are available at http://science.whoi.edu/users/elgar/NCEX/ncex.html. Funding was provided by a joint WHOI-USGS postdoctoral scholarship, NSF, ONR, and ASD(R&E). We thank Bob Guza and Tom Lippmann for helping to obtain the field observations and bathymetry, the PVLAB, and Scripps field crews for excellent logistical support, Alex Apotsos for providing field-based forcing estimates, and Pieter van der Linde and Levi Gorrell for providing their models of the area. Three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their comments and suggestions which improved the manuscript. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1887 EP 1903 DI 10.1002/2014JC010555 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CH3BG UT WOS:000353900000024 ER PT J AU Markham, B Storey, J Morfitt, R AF Markham, Brian Storey, James Morfitt, Ron TI Landsat-8 Sensor Characterization and Calibration SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material ID THERMAL INFRARED-SENSOR; OPERATIONAL LAND IMAGER; ON-ORBIT; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; OLI; METHODOLOGY; DESIGN; TIRS C1 [Markham, Brian] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Storey, James] NASA, GSFC, USGS EROS, Tech Support Serv,SGT, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morfitt, Ron] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Markham, B (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM brian.l.markham@nasa.gov; james.c.storey@nasa.gov; rmorfitt@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 2279 EP 2282 DI 10.3390/rs70302279 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CH0BZ UT WOS:000353685200002 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG Tan, ZX AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang Tan, Zhengxi TI Quantitative attribution of major driving forces on soil organic carbon dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CULTIVATED LAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; ECOSYSTEM; GRASSLANDS; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; CYCLE AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage plays a major role in the global carbon cycle and is affected by many factors including land use/management changes (e.g., biofuel production-oriented changes). However, the contributions of various factors to SOC changes are not well understood and quantified. This study was designed to investigate the impacts of changing farming practices, initial SOC levels, and biological enhancement of grain production on SOC dynamics and to attribute the relative contributions of major driving forces (CO2 enrichment and farming practices) using a fractional factorial modeling design. The case study at a crop site in Iowa in the United States demonstrated that the traditional corn-soybean (CS) rotation could still accumulate SOC over this century (from 4.2 to 6.8 kg C/m(2)) under the current condition; whereas the continuous-corn (CC) system might have a higher SOC sequestration potential than CS. In either case, however, residue removal could reduce the sink potential substantially. Long-term simulation results also suggested that the equilibrium SOC level may vary greatly (similar to 5.7 to similar to 11 kg C/m(2)) depending on cropping systems and management practices, and projected growth enhancement could make the magnitudes higher (similar to 7.8 to similar to 13 kg C/m(2)). Importantly, the factorial design analysis indicated that residue management had the most significant impact (contributing 49.4%) on SOC changes, followed by CO2 Enrichment (37%), Tillage (6.2%), the combination of CO2 Enrichment-Residue removal (5.8%), and Fertilization (1.6%). In brief, this study is valuable for understanding the major forces driving SOC dynamics of agroecosystems and informative for decision-makers when seeking the enhancement of SOC sequestration potential and sustainability of biofuel production, especially in the Corn Belt region of the United States. C1 [Wu, Yiping; Tan, Zhengxi] US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Wu, YP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012; OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884; Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 FU USGS [G13PC00028]; U.S. Carbon Trends; LandCarbon (GEMS Modeling) FX This study was supported by the U.S. Carbon Trends and LandCarbon (GEMS Modeling). The work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors declared no conflict of interest exists. The input data used for this study are described in subsection 2.2, and the output results are available upon contacting the first author. We thank Suming Jin (ASRC Federal, contractor to USGS EROS) for performing internal review and Sandra Cooper (USGS) for further editing. We are also grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1002/2014MS000361 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH3XF UT WOS:000353963600002 ER PT J AU Johnson, NS Tix, JA Hlina, BL Wagner, CM Siefkes, MJ Wang, HY Li, WM AF Johnson, Nicholas S. Tix, John A. Hlina, Benjamin L. Wagner, C. Michael Siefkes, Michael J. Wang, Huiyong Li, Weiming TI A Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Sex Pheromone Mixture Increases Trap Catch Relative to a Single Synthesized Component in Specific Environments SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Petromyzon marinus; Pheromone; Mixture; Trapping; Mate choice; Invasive pest ID BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; GREAT-LAKES; MATE CHOICE; LEPIDOPTERA; GOLDFISH; IDENTIFICATION; NOCTUIDAE; MOTHS; MANAGEMENT; DECISIONS AB Spermiating male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) release a sex pheromone, of which a component, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24-trihydoxy-3-one-5 alpha-cholan-24-sulfate (3kPZS), has been identified and shown to induce long distance preference responses in ovulated females. However, other pheromone components exist, and when 3kPZS alone was used to control invasive sea lamprey populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes, trap catch increase was significant, but gains were generally marginal. We hypothesized that free-ranging sea lamprey populations discriminate between a partial and complete pheromone while migrating to spawning grounds and searching for mates at spawning grounds. As a means to test our hypothesis, and to test two possible uses of sex pheromones for sea lamprey control, we asked whether the full sex pheromone mixture released by males (spermiating male washings; SMW) is more effective than 3kPZS in capturing animals in traditional traps (1) en route to spawning grounds and (2) at spawning grounds. At locations where traps target sea lampreys en route to spawning grounds, SMW-baited traps captured significantly more sea lampreys than paired 3kPZS-baited traps (similar to 10 % increase). At spawning grounds, no difference in trap catch was observed between 3kPZS and SMW-baited traps. The lack of an observed difference at spawning grounds may be attributed to increased pheromone competition and possible involvement of other sensory modalities to locate mates. Because fishes often rely on multiple and sometimes redundant sensory modalities for critical life history events, the addition of sex pheromones to traditionally used traps is not likely to work in all circumstances. In the case of the sea lamprey, sex pheromone application may increase catch when applied to specifically designed traps deployed in streams with low adult density and limited spawning habitat. C1 [Johnson, Nicholas S.; Hlina, Benjamin L.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Tix, John A.; Wagner, C. Michael; Wang, Huiyong; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Siefkes, Michael J.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX The Great Lakes Fishery Commission funded this project. U.S. Fish and Wildlife provided barrier-integrated traps at Miners and Rock rivers. Field assistance was provided by Katherine Borowicz, Linnea Brege, Hugh McMath, Hayley O'Meara, Trevor O'Meara, and Melissa Pomranke. Dr. Justin VanDehey provided comments on an early draft of this manuscript. The use of sea lamprey was approved by Michigan State University Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee and followed the guidelines of the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This manuscript is contribution 1,909 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 41 IS 3 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s10886-015-0561-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG6GW UT WOS:000353397400010 PM 25795091 ER PT J AU Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Catalano, JG Clark, BC Fox, VK Gellert, R Grotzinger, JP Guinness, EA Herkenhoff, KE Knoll, AH Lapotre, MGA McLennan, SM Ming, DW Morris, RV Murchie, SL Powell, KE Smith, MD Squyres, SW Wolff, MJ Wray, JJ AF Arvidson, R. E. Bell, J. F., III Catalano, J. G. Clark, B. C. Fox, V. K. Gellert, R. Grotzinger, J. P. Guinness, E. A. Herkenhoff, K. E. Knoll, A. H. Lapotre, M. G. A. McLennan, S. M. Ming, D. W. Morris, R. V. Murchie, S. L. Powell, K. E. Smith, M. D. Squyres, S. W. Wolff, M. J. Wray, J. J. TI Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity observations of the Burns formation: Crater hopping at Meridiani Planum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE MRO; CRISM; MER; Opportunity; Meridiani ID OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALS; HISTORY; ORIGIN; PLAYA; SALTS AB Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars hyperspectral (1.0-2.65 mu m) along-track oversampled observations covering Victoria, Santa Maria, Endeavour, and Ada craters were processed to 6m/pixel and used in combination with Opportunity observations to detect and map hydrated Mg and Ca sulfate minerals in the Burns formation. The strongest spectral absorption features were found to be associated with outcrops that are relatively young and fresh (Ada) or preferentially scoured of dust, soil, and coatings by prevailing winds. At Victoria and Santa Maria, the scoured areas are on the southeastern rims and walls, opposite to the sides where wind-blown sands extend out of the craters. At Endeavour, the deepest absorptions are in Botany Bay, a subdued and buried rim segment that exhibits high thermal inertias, extensive outcrops, and is interpreted to be a region of enhanced wind scour extending up and out of the crater. Ada, Victoria, and Santa Maria outcrops expose the upper portion of the preserved Burns formation and show spectral evidence for the presence of kieserite. In contrast, gypsum is pervasive spectrally in the Botany Bay exposures. Gypsum, a relatively insoluble evaporative mineral, is interpreted to have formed close to the contact with the Noachian crust as rising groundwaters brought brines close to and onto the surface, either as a direct precipitate or during later diagenesis. The presence of kieserite at the top of the section is hypothesized to reflect precipitation from evaporatively concentrated brines or dehydration of polyhydrated sulfates, in both scenarios as the aqueous environment evolved to very arid conditions. C1 [Arvidson, R. E.; Catalano, J. G.; Fox, V. K.; Guinness, E. A.; Powell, K. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bell, J. F., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Clark, B. C.; Wolff, M. J.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Grotzinger, J. P.; Lapotre, M. G. A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Knoll, A. H.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ming, D. W.; Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Murchie, S. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Smith, M. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wray, J. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Arvidson, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Powell, Kathryn/K-3467-2015; Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Powell, Kathryn/0000-0002-1281-1551; Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X FU APL; Cornell University FX We thank the capable team of engineers and scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and elsewhere who made the Opportunity mission possible, together with the project personnel and scientists associated with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey Missions. A particular thank you is extended to the CRISM Science Operations Center personnel at the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), Johns Hopkins University. This work was supported in part by contracts to Washington University in Saint Louis from APL and Cornell University. Data are available from the NASA Planetary Data System (https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/). NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 429 EP 451 DI 10.1002/2014JE004686 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CF9AY UT WOS:000352855100006 ER PT J AU Mangold, N Forni, O Dromart, G Stack, K Wiens, RC Gasnault, O Sumner, DY Nachon, M Meslin, PY Anderson, RB Barraclough, B Bell, JF Berger, G Blaney, DL Bridges, JC Calef, F Clark, B Clegg, SM Cousin, A Edgar, L Edgett, K Ehlmann, B Fabre, C Fisk, M Grotzinger, J Gupta, S Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, J Johnson, JR Kah, LC Lanza, N Lasue, J Le Mouelic, S Leveille, R Lewin, E Malin, M McLennan, S Maurice, S Melikechi, N Mezzacappa, A Milliken, R Newsom, H Ollila, A Rowland, SK Sautter, V Schmidt, M Schroder, S d'Uston, C Vaniman, D Williams, R AF Mangold, N. Forni, O. Dromart, G. Stack, K. Wiens, R. C. Gasnault, O. Sumner, D. Y. Nachon, M. Meslin, P. -Y. Anderson, R. B. Barraclough, B. Bell, J. F., III Berger, G. Blaney, D. L. Bridges, J. C. Calef, F. Clark, B. Clegg, S. M. Cousin, A. Edgar, L. Edgett, K. Ehlmann, B. Fabre, C. Fisk, M. Grotzinger, J. Gupta, S. Herkenhoff, K. E. Hurowitz, J. Johnson, J. R. Kah, L. C. Lanza, N. Lasue, J. Le Mouelic, S. Leveille, R. Lewin, E. Malin, M. McLennan, S. Maurice, S. Melikechi, N. Mezzacappa, A. Milliken, R. Newsom, H. Ollila, A. Rowland, S. K. Sautter, V. Schmidt, M. Schroeder, S. d'Uston, C. Vaniman, D. Williams, R. TI Chemical variations in Yellowknife Bay formation sedimentary rocks analyzed by ChemCam on board the Curiosity rover on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Gale crater; sediments; ChemCam; LIBS ID GALE CRATER; INSTRUMENT SUITE; ORIGIN; SYSTEM; CHEMISTRY; ROCKNEST; UNIT AB The Yellowknife Bay formation represents a similar to 5m thick stratigraphic section of lithified fluvial and lacustrine sediments analyzed by the Curiosity rover in Gale crater, Mars. Previous works have mainly focused on the mudstones that were drilled by the rover at two locations. The present study focuses on the sedimentary rocks stratigraphically above the mudstones by studying their chemical variations in parallel with rock textures. Results show that differences in composition correlate with textures and both manifest subtle but significant variations through the stratigraphic column. Though the chemistry of the sediments does not vary much in the lower part of the stratigraphy, the variations in alkali elements indicate variations in the source material and/or physical sorting, as shown by the identification of alkali feldspars. The sandstones contain similar relative proportions of hydrogen to the mudstones below, suggesting the presence of hydrous minerals that may have contributed to their cementation. Slight variations in magnesium correlate with changes in textures suggesting that diagenesis through cementation and dissolution modified the initial rock composition and texture simultaneously. The upper part of the stratigraphy (similar to 1m thick) displays rocks with different compositions suggesting a strong change in the depositional system. The presence of float rocks with similar compositions found along the rover traverse suggests that some of these outcrops extend further away in the nearby hummocky plains. C1 [Mangold, N.; Nachon, M.; Le Mouelic, S.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, Nantes, France. [Forni, O.; Gasnault, O.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Berger, G.; Lasue, J.; Maurice, S.; Schroeder, S.; d'Uston, C.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, UPS OMP, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Dromart, G.] Univ Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, Lyon, France. [Stack, K.; Barraclough, B.; Ehlmann, B.; Grotzinger, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wiens, R. C.; Clegg, S. M.; Cousin, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, R. B.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bell, J. F., III; Edgar, L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Blaney, D. L.; Calef, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Clark, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Edgett, K.; Malin, M.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Fabre, C.] Univ Lorraine, GeoRessources, Nancy, France. [Fisk, M.] Oragon State Univ, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. [Gupta, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England. [Hurowitz, J.; McLennan, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Johnson, J. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Kah, L. C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Lanza, N.; Newsom, H.; Ollila, A.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Leveille, R.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada. [Lewin, E.] Univ Grenoble 1, ISTerre, Grenoble, France. [Melikechi, N.; Mezzacappa, A.] Delaware State Univ, Appl Opt Ctr, Delaware, OH USA. [Milliken, R.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Rowland, S. K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sautter, V.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75231 Paris, France. [Schmidt, M.] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Vaniman, D.; Williams, R.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Mangold, N (reprint author), Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, Nantes, France. EM nicolas.mangold@univ-nantes.fr RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; BERGER, Gilles/F-7118-2016; LEWIN, Eric/F-1451-2017; OI Edgett, Kenneth/0000-0001-7197-5751; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU French Space Agency, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); INSU/CNRS; OSUNA (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Nantes Atlantique) FX We acknowledge the helpful reviews of anonymous reviewers. Support for development and operation of the ChemCam instrument was supported in France by funds from the French Space Agency, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Support was also received from INSU/CNRS and from OSUNA (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Nantes Atlantique). Support for development and operation in the U.S. was provided by NASA to the Mars Exploration Program and specifically to the MSL Team. Imaging and chemical data presented here are available in the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/msl. We are grateful to the MSL engineering and management teams (and especially the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA) for making the mission and this scientific investigation possible and to science team members who contributed to mission operations. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 452 EP 482 DI 10.1002/2014JE004681 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CF9AY UT WOS:000352855100007 ER EF