FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McGann, M AF McGann, Mary TI Correlation of marine and coastal terrestrial records of central California: Response to paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic change during the past 19,000 years SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26TH PACIFIC CLIMATE WORKSHOP (PACLIM) CY MAR 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE Climate; Foraminifera; Monterey Fan; Pollen; California Coast Ranges; Late Quaternary ID OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONE; DEEP-SEA FAN; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; MONTEREY CANYON; NEOGLOBOQUADRINA-PACHYDERMA; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; GREAT-BASIN; CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS AB New benthic foraminiferal census data combined with previously published planktic foraminiferal and pollen data from the continental margin off central California provide a unique opportunity to document concurrent paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes in the region during the late Quaternary. All three datasets were evaluated in gravity core S3-15G, collected at a depth of 3491 on the western levy of the Monterey Fan (36 degrees 23.53'N, 123 degrees 20.52'W). Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates and the ratio of the planktic foraminiferal species Neogloboquardrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) to Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli) provide a good age-depth model for the last 19,000 years, covering the last glacial, BollingeAllerod, Younger Dryas, and Holocene intervals. Separate Q-mode cluster analyses of the hemipelagic as well as mixed (combined hemipelagic and turbiditic) mud samples grouped the benthic foraminiferal fauna into two clusters reflecting faunal adaptation to changing climatic conditions during the Pleistocene and Holocene. R-mode cluster analysis also differentiated glacial (Uvigerina senticosa and Globobulimina auriculata) and interglacial (Melonis pompilioides and Gyroidina planulata) faunas. A general trend of slightly increasing oxygen in the deep sea is suggested from the Pleistocene to Holocene based on the reduction in abundance of G. auriculata and increased frequency of M. pompilioides. Q-mode cluster analysis of the planktic foraminifera illustrates a change in the surface water from a glacial subpolar fauna in the Pleistocene to a transitional fauna in the Holocene, whereas the pollen record separated into three clusters, two of Pleistocene age (glacial and transitional) and one in the Holocene (interglacial), reflecting the terrestrial floral adaptation in the California Coast Ranges of central California to the warmer climate in the Holocene. Decoupling is evident between the benthic and planktic foraminiferal and terrestrial floral responses to changing oceanographic and climatic conditions. The floral response leads the surface-dwelling fauna by several millennia, and is followed by the deep-dwelling benthic foraminiferal fauna a millennium later. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmcgann@usgs.gov NR 116 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 387 BP 58 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.037 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CV8LR UT WOS:000364539500007 ER PT J AU Wahl, D Starratt, S Anderson, L Kusler, J Fuller, C Addison, J Wan, E AF Wahl, D. Starratt, S. Anderson, L. Kusler, J. Fuller, C. Addison, J. Wan, E. TI Holocene environmental changes inferred from biological and sedimentological proxies in a high elevation Great Basin lake in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada, USA SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26TH PACIFIC CLIMATE WORKSHOP (PACLIM) CY MAR 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE Great Basin; Climate; Vegetation; Limnology; Ruby Mountains; Nevada ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTENDED DROUGHT; POLLEN RECORD; SIERRA-NEVADA; MONO COUNTY; CANYON AREA; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA AB Multi-proxy analyses were conducted on a sediment core from Favre Lake, a high elevation cirque lake in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada, and provide a ca. 7600 year record of local and regional environmental change. Data indicate that lake levels were lower from 7600 to 5750 cal yr BP, when local climate was warmer and/or drier than today. Effective moisture increased after 5750 cal yr BP and remained relatively wet, and possibly cooler, until ca. 3750 cal yr BP. Results indicate generally dry conditions but also increased climatic variability from 3750 to 1750 cal yr BP, after which effective moisture increased. The timing of major changes in the Favre Lake proxy data are roughly coeval and in phase with those recorded in several paleoclimate studies across the Great Basin, suggesting regional climatic controls on local conditions and similar responses at high and low altitudes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Wahl, D.; Starratt, S.; Anderson, L.; Kusler, J.; Fuller, C.; Addison, J.; Wan, E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wahl, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Wahl, David/0000-0002-0451-3554; Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program. We are grateful to John Barron, Dave Miller and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful reviews of this manuscript. We would like to thank Bob Thompson for insightful comments early in this study and William Wayne for providing useful information on his work in Lamoille Canyon. The authors would also like to thank Jim Wanket, Holly Olson, and Tommy Lloyd-Davies for assistance with the coring operation, and Skye Corbett and Elinor Broadman for contributions to Fig. 1. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 387 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.026 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CV8LR UT WOS:000364539500009 ER PT J AU Miller, DM Wahl, DB McGeehin, JP Rosario, J Oviatt, CG Anderson, L Presnetsova, L AF Miller, David M. Wahl, David B. McGeehin, John P. Rosario, Jose Oviatt, Charles G. Anderson, Lysanna Presnetsova, Liubov TI Limiting age for the Provo shoreline of Lake Bonneville SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26TH PACIFIC CLIMATE WORKSHOP (PACLIM) CY MAR 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE Lake Bonneville; Provo shoreline; Swan Lake; Utah; Idaho; Radiocarbon ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; USA; UTAH; FLUCTUATIONS; BASIN AB Pluvial Lake Bonneville features a prominent shoreline at the Provo level, which has been interpreted as having formed during a period of threshold-stabilized overflow. The timing of Provo shoreline development is important for paleoclimate interpretations and for inferences on geomorphic process rates. Estimates for the timing of the shoreline formation, based on radiocarbon measurements from gastropod shells, are from approximately 18 to 15 cal ka. One key radiocarbon age on plant fragments from Swan Lake, which formed in the threshold spillway after overflow ceased, has been taken as a young limiting age. The conventional age of 12090 +/- 300 C-14 when calibrated at 2 sigma has large uncertainty (13375 -15103 cal BP). We report six new AMS radiocarbon ages recovered from new Swan Lake sediment cores. A twig near the base of lacustrine muds was dated at 11,615 +/- 40 C-14 yr (13,350 to 13,560 cal BP). Age determinations on roots in that interval and deeper in the core are somewhat younger. These ages limit the last overflow of the Provo stand to earlier than similar to 13.5 cal ka BP, consistent with the younger bound of the imprecise age reported by Bright. If conservative interpretations of sedimentation rates for the thick well-sorted sand interval below the lacustrine muds are correct and landscape change that resulted in damming of Swan Lake is accounted for, cessation of flow probably occurred before similar to 14.5 cal ka BP. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, David M.; Wahl, David B.; Rosario, Jose; Anderson, Lysanna; Presnetsova, Liubov] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Oviatt, Charles G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 84118 USA. RP Miller, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmiller@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 387 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.001 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CV8LR UT WOS:000364539500010 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA Cox, LG AF Thorn, Kevin A. Cox, Larry G. TI Probing the Carbonyl Functionality of a Petroleum Resin and Asphaltene through Oximation and Schiff Base Formation in Conjunction with N-15 NMR SO PLoS One LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CRUDE-OIL; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; BIODEGRADATION; NITROGEN; METHYLATION; IRRADIATION AB Despite recent advances in spectroscopic techniques, there is uncertainty regarding the nature of the carbonyl groups in the asphaltene and resin fractions of crude oil, information necessary for an understanding of the physical properties and environmental fate of these materials. Carbonyl and hydroxyl group functionalities are not observed in natural abundance C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of asphaltenes and resins and therefore require spin labeling techniques for detection. In this study, the carbonyl functionalities of the resin and asphaltene fractions from a light aliphatic crude oil that is the source of groundwater contamination at the long term USGS study site near Bemidji, Minnesota, have been examined through reaction with N-15-labeled hydroxylamine and aniline in conjunction with analysis by solid and liquid state N-15 NMR. Ketone groups were revealed through N-15 NMR detection of their oxime and Schiff base derivatives, and esters through their hydroxamic acid derivatives. Anilinohydroquinone adducts provided evidence for quinones. Some possible configurations of the ketone groups in the resin and asphaltene fractions can be inferred from a consideration of the likely reactions that lead to heterocyclic condensation products with aniline and to the Beckmann reaction products from the initially formed oximes. These include aromatic ketones and ketones adjacent to quaternary carbon centers, beta-hydroxyketones, beta-diketones, and beta-ketoesters. In a solid state cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) N-15 NMR spectrum recorded on the underivatized asphaltene as a control, carbazole and pyrrole-like nitrogens were the major naturally abundant nitrogens detected. C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.; Cox, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Thorn, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kathorn@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program; Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding: This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program.; This work was supported by the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0142452 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142452 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV7CT UT WOS:000364430700108 PM 26556054 ER PT J AU Drake, TW Wickland, KP Spencer, RGM McKnight, DM Striegl, RG AF Drake, Travis W. Wickland, Kimberly P. Spencer, Robert G. M. McKnight, Diane M. Striegl, Robert G. TI Ancient low-molecular-weight organic acids in permafrost fuel rapid carbon dioxide production upon thaw SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE permafrost; dissolved organic carbon; carbon dioxide; organic acids; Pleistocene ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; YUKON RIVER; WATER; MATTER; DYNAMICS; SOILS; EMISSIONS; RELEASE; ACETATE; SIBERIA AB Northern permafrost soils store a vast reservoir of carbon, nearly twice that of the present atmosphere. Current and projected climate warming threatens widespread thaw of these frozen, organic carbon (OC)-rich soils. Upon thaw, mobilized permafrost OC in dissolved and particulate forms can enter streams and rivers, which are important processors of OC and conduits for carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. Here, we demonstrate that ancient dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from 35,800 y B.P. permafrost soils is rapidly mineralized to CO2. During 200-h experiments in a novel high-temporal-resolution bioreactor, DOC concentration decreased by an average of 53%, fueling a more than sevenfold increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration. Eighty-seven percent of the DOC loss to microbial uptake was derived from the low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids acetate and butyrate. To our knowledge, our study is the first to directly quantify high CO2 production rates from permafrost-derived LMW DOC mineralization. The observed DOC loss rates are among the highest reported for permafrost carbon and demonstrate the potential importance of LMW DOC in driving the rapid metabolism of Pleistocene-age permafrost carbon upon thawand the outgassing of CO2 to the atmosphere by soils and nearby inland waters. C1 [Drake, Travis W.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Drake, Travis W.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Drake, TW (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM draketw@gmail.com OI Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU National Research Program; USGS; National Science Foundation [PLR-1500169/ANT-1203885] FX We thank Kevin Bjella (US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory) and Mikhail Kanevskiy (University of Alaska-Fairbanks) for allowing and assisting with sample collection from the permafrost tunnel; Mark Dornblaser [US Geological Survey (USGS)] for technical assistance and project design feedback; Brett Uhle, Blaine McCleskey, and Kenna Butler (USGS) for analytical assistance; and Brett Poulin (University of Colorado-Boulder; USGS) for assistance with data analysis and review of an early draft of the manuscript. This work was funded by the National Research Program, USGS, and National Science Foundation Grants PLR-1500169/ANT-1203885 (to R.G.M.S.). NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 15 U2 42 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 45 BP 13946 EP 13951 DI 10.1073/pnas.1511705112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV7QY UT WOS:000364470300066 PM 26504243 ER PT J AU Katzner, TE Turk, PJ Duerr, AE Miller, TA Lanzone, MJ Cooper, JL Brandes, D Tremblay, JA Lemaitre, J AF Katzner, Todd E. Turk, Philip J. Duerr, Adam E. Miller, Tricia A. Lanzone, Michael J. Cooper, Jeff L. Brandes, David Tremblay, Junior A. Lemaitre, Jerome TI Use of multiple modes of flight subsidy by a soaring terrestrial bird, the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, when on migration SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; golden eagle; flight behaviour; migration; subsidized flight; weighted-k nearest neighbour ID BEHAVIOR; WIND; PERFORMANCE; THERMALS; RAPTORS; RADAR AB Large birds regularly use updrafts to subsidize flight. Although most research on soaring bird flight has focused on use of thermal updrafts, there is evidence suggesting that many species are likely to use multiple modes of subsidy. We tested the degree to which a large soaring species uses multiple modes of subsidy to provide insights into the decision-making that underlies flight behaviour. We statistically classified more than 22 000 global positioning satellite-global system for mobile communications telemetry points collected at 30-s intervals to identify the type of subsidized flight used by 32 migrating golden eagles during spring in eastern North America. Eagles used subsidized flight on 87% of their journey. They spent 41.9% +/- 1.5 ((x) over bar +/- s.e.m:, range: 18-56%) of their subsidized northbound migration using thermal soaring, 45.2%+/-2.1 (12-65%) of time gliding between thermals, and 12.9%+/-2.2 (1-55%) of time using orographic updrafts. Golden eagles responded to the variable local-scale meteorological events they encountered by switching flight behaviour to take advantage of multiple modes of subsidy. Orographic soaring occurred more frequently in morning and evening, earlier in the migration season, and when crosswinds and tail winds were greatest. Switching between flight modes allowed migration for relatively longer periods each day and frequent switching behaviour has implications for a better understanding of avian flight behaviour and of the evolution of use of subsidy in flight. C1 [Katzner, Todd E.; Duerr, Adam E.; Miller, Tricia A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Turk, Philip J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lanzone, Michael J.] Cellular Tracking Technol LLC, Somerset, PA 15501 USA. [Cooper, Jeff L.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Brandes, David] Lafayette Coll, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Tremblay, Junior A.] Environm Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1J 0C3, Canada. [Lemaitre, Jerome] Minist Forets Faune & Parcs, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4X4, Canada. RP Katzner, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM tkatzner@usgs.gov OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU PA SWG [T-12, T47-R-1]; U.S. DoE [DE-EE0003538]; Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation; Penn State Earth and Environmental Institute Fellowship; Penn State Ecology Fellowship; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through a Federal Aid in Wildlife Resources grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this work was received from PA SWG grants T-12 and T47-R-1, U.S. DoE grant DE-EE0003538, Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, Penn State Earth and Environmental Institute Fellowship, Penn State Ecology Fellowship, the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through a Federal Aid in Wildlife Resources grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the authors' organizations. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 12 IS 112 AR 20150530 DI 10.1098/rsif.2015.0530 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV1BL UT WOS:000363987900002 ER PT J AU Fencl, JS Mather, ME Costigan, KH Daniels, MD AF Fencl, Jane S. Mather, Martha E. Costigan, Katie H. Daniels, Melinda D. TI How Big of an Effect Do Small Dams Have? Using Geomorphological Footprints to Quantify Spatial Impact of Low-Head Dams and Identify Patterns of Across-Dam Variation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OF-RIVER DAMS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; UNITED-STATES; NEOSHO RIVER; REMOVAL; DOWNSTREAM; STREAM; BIODIVERSITY; THRESHOLDS AB Longitudinal connectivity is a fundamental characteristic of rivers that can be disrupted by natural and anthropogenic processes. Dams are significant disruptions to streams. Over 2,000,000 low-head dams (<7.6 m high) fragment United States rivers. Despite potential adverse impacts of these ubiquitous disturbances, the spatial impacts of low-head dams on geomorphology and ecology are largely untested. Progress for research and conservation is impaired by not knowing the magnitude of low-head dam impacts. Based on the geomorphic literature, we refined a methodology that allowed us to quantify the spatial extent of low-head dam impacts (herein dam footprint), assessed variation in dam footprints across low-head dams within a river network, and identified select aspects of the context of this variation. Wetted width, depth, and substrate size distributions upstream and downstream of six low-head dams within the Upper Neosho River, Kansas, United States of America were measured. Total dam footprints averaged 7.9 km (3.0-15.3 km) or 287 wetted widths (136437 wetted widths). Estimates included both upstream (mean: 6.7 km or 243 wetted widths) and downstream footprints (mean: 1.2 km or 44 wetted widths). Altogether the six low-head dams impacted 47.3 km (about 17%) of the mainstem in the river network. Despite differences in age, size, location, and primary function, the sizes of geomorphic footprints of individual low-head dams in the Upper Neosho river network were relatively similar. The number of upstream dams and distance to upstream dams, but not dam height, affected the spatial extent of dam footprints. In summary, ubiquitous low-head dams individually and cumulatively altered lotic ecosystems. Both characteristics of individual dams and the context of neighboring dams affected low-head dam impacts within the river network. For these reasons, low-head dams require a different, more integrative, approach for research and management than the individualistic approach that has been applied to larger dams. C1 [Fencl, Jane S.; Costigan, Katie H.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Mather, Martha E.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Daniels, Melinda D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fencl, JS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jfencl@uw.edu FU Kansas Department of Wildlife Parks and Tourism, Ecological Services State Wildlife [002505] FX This work was funded by Kansas Department of Wildlife Parks and Tourism, Ecological Services State Wildlife Grant 002505. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0141210 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141210 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5IS UT WOS:000364303800012 PM 26540105 ER PT J AU Siah, A Morrison, DB Fringuelli, E Savage, P Richmond, Z Johns, R Purcell, MK Johnson, SC Saksida, SM AF Siah, Ahmed Morrison, Diane B. Fringuelli, Elena Savage, Paul Richmond, Zina Johns, Robert Purcell, Maureen K. Johnson, Stewart C. Saksida, Sonja M. TI Piscine Reovirus: Genomic and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis from Farmed and Wild Salmonids Collected on the Canada/US Pacific Coast SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-SEPTICEMIA-VIRUS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE INFLAMMATION; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOFTWARE PACKAGE; SALAR L.; PRV; BIOLOGY; HEART; SEQUENCES AB Piscine reovirus (PRV) is a double stranded non-enveloped RNA virus detected in farmed and wild salmonids. This study examined the phylogenetic relationships among different PRV sequence types present in samples from salmonids in Western Canada and the US, including Alaska (US), British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (US). Tissues testing positive for PRV were partially sequenced for segment S1, producing 71 sequences that grouped into 10 unique sequence types. Sequence analysis revealed no identifiable geographical or temporal variation among the sequence types. Identical sequence types were found in fish sampled in 2001, 2005 and 2014. In addition, PRV positive samples from fish derived from Alaska, British Columbia and Washington State share identical sequence types. Comparative analysis of the phylogenetic tree indicated that Canada/US Pacific Northwest sequences formed a subgroup with some Norwegian sequence types (group II), distinct from other Norwegian and Chilean sequences (groups I, III and IV). Representative PRV positive samples from farmed and wild fish in British Columbia and Washington State were subjected to genome sequencing using next generation sequencing methods. Individual analysis of each of the 10 partial segments indicated that the Canadian and US PRV sequence types clustered separately from available whole genome sequences of some Norwegian and Chilean sequences for all segments except the segment S4. In summary, PRV was genetically homogenous over a large geographic distance (Alaska to Washington State), and the sequence types were relatively stable over a 13 year period. C1 [Siah, Ahmed; Richmond, Zina; Johns, Robert; Saksida, Sonja M.] British Columbia Ctr Aquat Hlth Sci, Campbell River, BC, Canada. [Morrison, Diane B.] Marine Harvest Canada, Campbell River, BC, Canada. [Fringuelli, Elena; Savage, Paul] AFBI Stormont, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Johnson, Stewart C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Siah, A (reprint author), British Columbia Ctr Aquat Hlth Sci, Campbell River, BC, Canada. EM ahmed.siah@cahs-bc.ca OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Marine Harvest Canada FX This study was funded by Marine Harvest Canada. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors (DBM), but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of this author are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0141475 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141475 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5GZ UT WOS:000364298400066 PM 26536673 ER PT J AU Kreitler, J Schloss, CA Soong, O Hannah, L Davis, FW AF Kreitler, Jason Schloss, Carrie A. Soong, Oliver Hannah, Lee Davis, Frank W. TI Conservation Planning for Offsetting the Impacts of Development: A Case Study of Biodiversity and Renewable Energy in the Mojave Desert SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NO NET LOSS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOLAR-ENERGY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; SCALE; LAND; DISTRIBUTIONS; RESTORATION; CHALLENGES AB Balancing society's competing needs of development and conservation requires careful consideration of tradeoffs. Renewable energy development and biodiversity conservation are often considered beneficial environmental goals. The direct footprint and disturbance of renewable energy, however, can displace species' habitat and negatively impact populations and natural communities if sited without ecological consideration. Offsets have emerged as a potentially useful tool to mitigate residual impacts after trying to avoid, minimize, or restore affected sites. Yet the problem of efficiently designing a set of offset sites becomes increasingly complex where many species or many sites are involved. Spatial conservation prioritization tools are designed to handle this problem, but have seen little application to offset siting and analysis. To address this need we designed an offset siting support tool for the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan (DRECP) of California, and present a case study of hypothetical impacts from solar development in the Western Mojave subsection. We compare two offset scenarios designed to mitigate a hypothetical 15,331 ha derived from proposed utility-scale solar energy development (USSED) projects. The first scenario prioritizes offsets based precisely on impacted features, while the second scenario offsets impacts to maximize biodiversity conservation gains in the region. The two methods only agree on 28% of their prioritized sites and differ in meeting species-specific offset goals. Differences between the two scenarios highlight the importance of clearly specifying choices and priorities for offset siting and mitigation in general. Similarly, the effects of background climate and land use change may lessen the durability or effectiveness of offsets if not considered. Our offset siting support tool was designed specifically for the DRECP area, but with minor code modification could work well in other offset analyses, and could provide continuing support for a potentially innovative mitigation solution to environmental impacts. C1 [Kreitler, Jason; Schloss, Carrie A.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Soong, Oliver; Hannah, Lee; Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hannah, Lee] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA USA. RP Kreitler, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jkreitler@usgs.gov RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 FU California Energy Commission [500-10-021]; U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science program FX This project was funded under California Energy Commission Contract#500-10-021 (http://www.energy.ca.gov/) and through the U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science program (http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/lcs/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 48 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 3 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR e0140226 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140226 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV1QH UT WOS:000364032600004 PM 26529595 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Babut, M Mourier, B Mahler, BJ Roux, G Desmet, M AF Van Metre, Peter C. Babut, Marc Mourier, Brice Mahler, Barbara J. Roux, Gwenaelle Desmet, Marc TI Declining Dioxin Concentrations in the Rhone River Basin, France, Attest to the Effectiveness of Emissions Controls SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; HISTORICAL RECORD; TEMPORAL TRENDS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT AIR; PCBS; PCDD/F AB Emission-control policies have been implemented in Europe and North America since the 1990s for polychlorodibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs). To assess the effect of these policies on temporal trends and spatial patterns for these compounds in a large European river system, sediment cores were collected in seven depositional areas along the Rhone River in France, dated, and analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs. Results show concentrations increase in the downstream direction and have decreased temporally at all sites during the last two decades, with an average decrease of 83% from 1992 to 2010. The time for a 50% decrease in concentrations (t(1/2)) averaged 6.9 +/- 2.6 and 9.1 +/- 2.9 years for the sum of measured PCDDs and PCDFs, respectively. Congener patterns are similar among cores and indicate dominance of regional atmospheric deposition and possibly weathered local sources. Local sources are clearly indicated at the most downstream site, where concentrations of the most toxic dioxin, TCDD, are about 2 orders of magnitude higher than at the other six sites. The relatively steep downward trends attest to the effects of the dioxin emissions reduction policy in Europe and suggest that risks posed to aquatic life in the Rhone River basin from dioxins and furans have been greatly reduced. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Babut, Marc] IRSTEA, UR MALY, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France. [Mourier, Brice; Roux, Gwenaelle] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR Ecol Hydrosyst Nat & Anthropises 5023, F-69518 Vaulx En Velin, France. [Desmet, Marc] Univ Tours, GeHCO EA 6293, F-37000 Tours, France. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Mourier, Brice/0000-0001-8881-7346; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU Rhone-Mediterranean and Corsica Water Agency; Rhone-Alpes Region; Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region; Compagnie Nationale du Rhone (CNR) of the Observatory of Rhone Sediments (OSR) FX This project was funded by the Rhone-Mediterranean and Corsica Water Agency, the Rhone-Alpes Region, the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region, and the Compagnie Nationale du Rhone (CNR) in the context of the Observatory of Rhone Sediments (OSR). These agencies had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; nor in the decision to submit the article for publication. We thank Anne-Laure Achard, Bertrand Villeneuve and Martial Ferreol (all from Irstea), and Julien Nemery (LTHE - Grenoble University - UMR 5564) for their help in gathering the information and processing the data. We also thank Frank Neugebauer, EUROFINS GfA. laboratory, for providing detailed information on analytical methods and quality control. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. or French Governments. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 3 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 21 BP 12723 EP 12730 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b03416 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV6BI UT WOS:000364355300014 PM 26418318 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Hunter, ME AF Dorazio, Robert M. Hunter, Margaret E. TI Statistical Models for the Analysis and Design of Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) Experiments SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; HUMAN GENOME; PRECISION; ASSAYS; VIRUS AB Statistical methods for the analysis and design of experiments using digital PCR (dPCR) have received only limited attention and have been misused in many instances. To address this issue and to provide a more general approach to the analysis of dPCR data, we describe a class of statistical models for the analysis and design of experiments that require quantification of nucleic acids. These models are mathematically equivalent to generalized linear models of binomial responses that include a complementary, log log link function and an offset that is dependent on the dPCR partition volume. These models are both versatile and easy to fit using conventional statistical software. Covariates can be used to specify different sources of variation in nucleic acid concentration, and a model's parameters can be used to quantify the effects of these covariates. For purposes of illustration, we analyzed dPCR data from different types of experiments, including serial dilution, evaluation of copy number variation, and quantification of gene expression. We also showed how these models can be used to help design dPCR experiments, as in selection of sample sizes needed to achieve desired levels of precision in estimates of nucleic acid concentration or to detect differences in concentration among treatments with prescribed levels of statistical power. C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.; Hunter, Margaret E.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 3 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 21 BP 10886 EP 10893 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02429 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CV6BE UT WOS:000364354900035 PM 26436653 ER PT J AU Miller, MP McKnight, DM AF Miller, Matthew P. McKnight, Diane M. TI Limnology of the Green Lakes Valley: phytoplankton ecology and dissolved organic matter biogeochemistry at a long-term ecological research site SO PLANT ECOLOGY & DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; Niwot Ridge; limnology; dissolved organic matter; reactive transport modelling; hyporheic zone; drought; atmospheric nitrogen deposition; Green Lakes Valley ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; ALPINE LAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CARBON-CYCLE AB Background: Surface waters are the lowest points in the landscape, and therefore serve as excellent integrators and indicators of changes taking place in the surrounding terrestrial and atmospheric environment. Aims: Here we synthesise the findings of limnological studies conducted during the past 15 years in streams and lakes in the Green Lakes Valley, which is part of the Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Site. Methods: The importance of these studies is discussed in the context of aquatic ecosystems as indicators, integrators, and regulators of environmental change. Specifically, investigations into climatic, hydrologic, and nutrient controls on present-day phytoplankton, and historical diatom, community composition in the alpine lake, Green Lake 4, are reviewed. In addition, studies of spatial and temporal patterns in dissolved organic matter (DOM) biogeochemistry and reactive transport modelling that have taken place in the Green Lakes Valley are highlighted. Results and conclusions: The findings of these studies identify specific shifts in algal community composition and DOM biogeochemistry that are indicative of changing environmental conditions and provide a framework for detecting future environmental change in the Green Lakes Valley and in other alpine watersheds. Moreover, the studies summarised here demonstrate the importance of long-term monitoring programmes such as the LTER programme. C1 [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM mamiller@usgs.gov OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533; Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-0874 EI 1755-1668 J9 PLANT ECOL DIVERS JI Plant Ecol. Divers. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 689 EP 702 DI 10.1080/17550874.2012.738255 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DF9UQ UT WOS:000371707600003 ER PT J AU Bowman, WD Nemergut, DR McKnight, DM Miller, MP Williams, MW AF Bowman, William D. Nemergut, Diana R. McKnight, Diane M. Miller, Matthew P. Williams, Mark W. TI A slide down a slippery slope - alpine ecosystem responses to nitrogen deposition SO PLANT ECOLOGY & DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE biotic response; nitrogen deposition; alpine; acidification; soil response; ecosystem function ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GREEN LAKES VALLEY; CRITICAL LOADS; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; INORGANIC NITROGEN; SPECIES RICHNESS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Background: Nitrogen (N) deposition in the Front Range of the southern Rocky Mountains has been increasing for several decades, and has exceeded the critical load for several ecological metrics. Aims: Our objective was to predict potential future ecological changes in alpine zones in response to anthropogenic N deposition based on a review of research from Niwot Ridge, Colorado. Results: Empirical observations and experimental studies indicate that plant, algal and soil microbe species compositions are changing in response to N deposition, with nitrophilic species increasing in abundance. Biotic sequestration of N deposition is insufficient to compensate for greater nitrate production, leading to the potential for acidification and base cation loss. Conclusions: Changes in biotic composition in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have important impacts on ecosystem functioning, including a lower capacity to take up and neutralise the acidifying effect of anthropogenic N, increasing phosphorus limitation of production in terrestrial and aquatic systems, and shifts in rates of N and carbon cycling. Continued elevated N deposition rates coupled with ongoing climate change, including warmer summer temperatures and lower snow cover of shorter duration, will influence the ecological thresholds for biotic and functional changes. We suggest that these thresholds will occur at lower inputs of N deposition under future climate change, meriting reconsideration of current N critical loads to protect sensitive alpine ecosystems. C1 [Bowman, William D.; Nemergut, Diana R.; McKnight, Diane M.; Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Mt Res Stn, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bowman, William D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nemergut, Diana R.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bowman, WD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Mt Res Stn, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Bowman, WD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM william.bowman@colorado.edu OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU US National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology; US Environmental Protection Agency; National Park Service FX The authors wish to thank the US National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology, the US Environmental Protection Agency and National Park Service for support of research associated with the Niwot Ridge LTER Program and related research on N deposition in the alpine. Support for Mark W. Williams during the writing of this manuscript was from NSF Dust on Snow [EAR 1124576 and EAR 0934647]. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-0874 EI 1755-1668 J9 PLANT ECOL DIVERS JI Plant Ecol. Divers. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 727 EP 738 DI 10.1080/17550874.2014.984786 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DF9UT UT WOS:000371707900001 ER PT J AU Thompson, PD Webber, PA Mellon, CD AF Thompson, Paul D. Webber, P. Aaron Mellon, Cassie D. TI The Role of Introduced Populations in the Management and Conservation of Least Chub SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; IOTICHTHYS-PHLEGETHONTIS; UNITED-STATES; EXTINCTION; TRANSLOCATION; AUSTRALIA AB Native fishes continue to decline in abundance and distribution. One common practice to ensure native fish persistence has been to introduce fish into new habitats. Though these introductions reduce the risk of extinction, often the introduced populations are not considered in the Endangered Species Act (ESA) listing status in the same manner as extant populations. One instance where they were considered was when Least Chub Iotichthys phlegethontis were introduced into 23 locations within the Bonneville Basin between 2005 and 2013. In 2014, 10 of these populations were considered successful and were evaluated with the six remaining extant populations by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In this instance, Least Chub were removed from the candidate list in part due to these introduced populations, which increased the resiliency, redundancy, and representation for this species to persist now and into the foreseeable future. The creation of introduced fish populations is a conservation practice that needs to be considered as a potential tool for fisheries managers, not only to ensure persistence, but also to preclude the need for federal listing under ESA. C1 [Thompson, Paul D.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Ogden, UT 84405 USA. [Webber, P. Aaron] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK USA. [Mellon, Cassie D.] US Bur Land Management, West Valley, UT USA. RP Thompson, PD (reprint author), Utah Div Wildlife Resources, 515 East 5300 South, Ogden, UT 84405 USA. EM paulthompson@utah.gov FU UDWR through Endangered Species Mitigation Funds; State Wildlife Grants; Bureau of Land Management FX We thank the highly functional Least Chub Conservation Team for dedicating the past 16 years to providing solid guidance for the conservation of the Least Chub and for helping preclude the need for federal listing of this species under the ESA. The work to establish Least Chub by UDWR biologists was funded by UDWR through Endangered Species Mitigation Funds and State Wildlife Grants, as well as the Bureau of Land Management. Kevin Wheeler, Richard Fridell, Chris Crockett, Mark Grover, Krissy Wilson, Paul Thompson, Aaron Webber, and Samuel McKay were the biologists and managers who worked diligently to find suitable habitats and introduce Least Chub. We thank Phaedra Budy and Mark Belk for reviewing earlier drafts of this article. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 11 BP 546 EP 556 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CV5PN UT WOS:000364323400004 ER PT J AU Doebrich, J AF Doebrich, Jeff TI Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Doebrich, Jeff] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Doebrich, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 110 IS 7 BP 1907 EP 1908 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DE6UI UT WOS:000370768700014 ER PT J AU Du Bray, EA AF Du Bray, Edward A. TI Large Igneous Provinces SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Du Bray, Edward A.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Du Bray, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 110 IS 7 BP 1908 EP 1910 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DE6UI UT WOS:000370768700015 ER PT J AU Jorgenson, MT Kanevskiy, M Shur, Y Moskalenko, N Brown, DRN Wickland, K Striegl, R Koch, J AF Jorgenson, M. T. Kanevskiy, M. Shur, Y. Moskalenko, N. Brown, D. R. N. Wickland, K. Striegl, R. Koch, J. TI Role of ground ice dynamics and ecological feedbacks in recent ice wedge degradation and stabilization SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; PERMAFROST LANDSCAPES; MACKENZIE DELTA; THAW SUBSIDENCE; ALASKA; CANADA; VEGETATION; ISLAND AB Ground ice is abundant in the upper permafrost throughout the Arctic and fundamentally affects terrain responses to climate warming. Ice wedges, which form near the surface and are the dominant type of massive ice in the Arctic, are particularly vulnerable to warming. Yet processes controlling ice wedge degradation and stabilization are poorly understood. Here we quantified ice wedge volume and degradation rates, compared ground ice characteristics and thermal regimes across a sequence of five degradation and stabilization stages and evaluated biophysical feedbacks controlling permafrost stability near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Mean ice wedge volume in the top 3m of permafrost was 21%. Imagery from 1949 to 2012 showed thermokarst extent (area of water-filled troughs) was relatively small from 1949 (0.9%) to 1988 (1.5%), abruptly increased by 2004 (6.3%) and increased slightly by 2012 (7.5%). Mean annual surface temperatures varied by 4.9 degrees C among degradation and stabilization stages and by 9.9 degrees C from polygon center to deep lake bottom. Mean thicknesses of the active layer, ice-poor transient layer, ice-rich intermediate layer, thermokarst cave ice, and wedge ice varied substantially among stages. In early stages, thaw settlement caused water to impound in thermokarst troughs, creating positive feedbacks that increased net radiation, soil heat flux, and soil temperatures. Plant growth and organic matter accumulation in the degraded troughs provided negative feedbacks that allowed ground ice to aggrade and heave the surface, thus reducing surface water depth and soil temperatures in later stages. The ground ice dynamics and ecological feedbacks greatly complicate efforts to assess permafrost responses to climate change. C1 [Jorgenson, M. T.] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Kanevskiy, M.; Shur, Y.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Moskalenko, N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Earth Cryosphere SB RAS, Moscow, Russia. [Brown, D. R. N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Wickland, K.; Striegl, R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Koch, J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Jorgenson, MT (reprint author), Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM ecoscience@alaska.net OI Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590; Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982 FU NSF [ARC 1023623]; U.S. Geological Survey FX The data are available from the authors upon request and will be available on the National Science Foundation ACADIS gateway (https://www.aoncadis.org/home.htm). The research was funded by NSF grant ARC 1023623, and logistical support was provided by CH2MHill Polar Services. The U.S. Geological Survey provided additional financial support. Katie Nicolato, Doug Halm, Travis Drake, and Karen Jorgenson helped with field sampling. We appreciate the long-term data set of thaw depths provided by the CALM project. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2280 EP 2297 DI 10.1002/2015JF003602 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DD5EB UT WOS:000369944300003 ER PT J AU Bartholomaus, TC Larsen, CF West, ME O'Neel, S Pettit, EC Truffer, M AF Bartholomaus, Timothy C. Larsen, Christopher F. West, Michael E. O'Neel, Shad Pettit, Erin C. Truffer, Martin TI Tidal and seasonal variations in calving flux observed with passive seismology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; TIDEWATER-GLACIER; SUBGLACIAL DISCHARGE; COLUMBIA GLACIER; LECONTE GLACIER; SUBMARINE MELT; HUBBARD GLACIER; RAPID RETREAT; ALASKA; DYNAMICS AB The seismic signatures of calving events, i.e., calving icequakes, offer an opportunity to examine calving variability with greater precision than is available with other methods. Here using observations from Yahtse Glacier, Alaska, we describe methods to detect, locate, and characterize calving icequakes. We combine these icequake records with a coincident, manually generated record of observed calving events to develop and validate a statistical model through which we can infer iceberg sizes from the properties of calving icequakes. We find that the icequake duration is the single most significant predictor of an iceberg's size. We then apply this model to 18 months of seismic recordings and find elevated iceberg calving flux during the summer and fall and a pronounced lull in calving during midwinter. Calving flux is sensitive to semidiurnal tidal stage. Large calving events are tens of percent more likely during falling and low tides than during rising and high tides, consistent with a view that deeper water has a stabilizing influence on glacier termini. Multiple factors affect the occurrence of mechanical fractures that ultimately lead to iceberg calving. At Yahtse Glacier, seismology allows us to demonstrate that variations in the rate of submarine melt are a dominant control on iceberg calving rates at seasonal timescales. On hourly to daily timescales, tidal modulation of the normal stress against the glacier terminus reveals the nonlinear glacier response to changes in the near-terminus stress field. C1 [Bartholomaus, Timothy C.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA. [Bartholomaus, Timothy C.; Larsen, Christopher F.; West, Michael E.; Truffer, Martin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Pettit, Erin C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Bartholomaus, TC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA. EM tbartholomaus@ig.utexas.edu OI Bartholomaus, Timothy/0000-0002-1470-6720 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0810313]; University of Texas Institute for Geophysics; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program; Department of the Interior Climate Science Center FX This study was made possible by the National Science Foundation, through grant EAR-0810313. Additional funding is from the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program, and Department of the Interior Climate Science Center. We gratefully acknowledge the dedication of our expert pilots, Tony Oney and Paul Claus, who contributed significantly to the success of this project. We acknowledge the loan of seismic equipment and field assistance from PASSCAL Polar Programs. UNAVCO provided geodetic instruments for our experiment. Seismic data used here are available through the IRIS Data Management Center (network XF, YAHTSE, [Larsen, 2009]). Additional data sets, including the complete observer record of calving events, the matched observer and seismic observations of calving events, and the 18month record of individual calving icequakes are available as supporting information data sets. We thank Sophie Gilbert for suggestions regarding statistical approaches. We thank David Conner and Jared Steyaert for their meticulous help with the calving observer record. The Wrangell Mountains Center, McCarthy, AK, provided logistical assistance. Waveform figures and analyses were prepared with the GISMO toolbox [Reyes and West, 2011]. We thank Martin O'Leary, an anonymous reviewer, and Editor Bryn Hubbard for comments that improved the clarity and precision of our manuscript. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2318 EP 2337 DI 10.1002/2015JF003641 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DD5EB UT WOS:000369944300005 ER PT J AU DeGraff, JV Cannon, SH Gartner, JE AF DeGraff, Jerome V. Cannon, Susan H. Gartner, Joseph E. TI The Timing of Susceptibility to Post-Fire Debris Flows in the Western United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Debris Flow; Timing; Wildfire; Forest Cover; Recovery ID FIRE REGIMES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BURNED AREAS; NEW-MEXICO; WILDFIRE; USA; MOUNTAIN; COLORADO; FLOODS; GENERATION AB Watersheds recently burned by wildfires can be susceptible to debris flow, although little is known about how long this susceptibility persists and how it changes over time. We use a compilation of 75 debris-flow response and fire-ignition dates, vegetation and bedrock class, rainfall regime, and initiation process from throughout the western United States to address these issues. The great majority (85 percent) of debris flows occurred within the first 12 months following wildfire, with 71 percent occurring within the first 6 months. Seven percent of the debris flows occurred between 1 and 1.5 years after a fire, or during the second rainy season to impact an area. Within the first 1.5 years following fires, all but one of the debris flows initiated through runoff-dominated processes, and debris flows occurred in similar proportions in forested and non-forested landscapes. Underlying geologic materials affected how long debris-flow activity persisted, and the timing of debris flows varied within different rainfall regimes. A second, later period of increased debris flow susceptibility between 2.2 and 10 years after fires is indicated by the remaining 8 percent of events, which occurred primarily in forested terrains and initiated largely through landslide processes. The short time period between fire and debris-flow response within the first 1.5 years after ignition and the longer-term response between 2.2 and 10 years after fire demonstrate the necessity of both rapid and long-term reactions by land managers and emergency-response agencies to mitigate hazards from debris flows from recently burned areas in the western United States. C1 [DeGraff, Jerome V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, 1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. [Cannon, Susan H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gartner, Joseph E.] BGC Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP DeGraff, JV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 EI 1558-9161 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 21 IS 4 BP 277 EP 292 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA DC0GT UT WOS:000368895900002 ER PT J AU Cai, YH Guo, LD Wang, XR Aiken, G AF Cai, Yihua Guo, Laodong Wang, Xuri Aiken, George TI Abundance, stable isotopic composition, and export fluxes of DOC, POC, and DIC from the Lower Mississippi River during 2006-2008 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Arctic Research Planning CY NOV 10-12, 2005 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INORGANIC CARBON FLUX; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; PEARL RIVERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ST-LOUIS; PARTICULATE; WATER; OCEAN AB Sources, abundance, isotopic compositions, and export fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved and colloidal organic carbon (DOC and COC), and particulate organic carbon (POC), and their response to hydrologic regimes were examined through monthly sampling from the Lower Mississippi River during 2006-2008. DIC was themost abundant carbon species, followed by POC and DOC. Concentration and delta C-13 of DIC decreased with increasing river discharge, while those of DOC remained fairly stable. COC comprised 61 +/- 3% of the bulk DOC with similar delta C-13 abundances but higher percentages of hydrophobic organic acids than DOC, suggesting its aromatic and diagenetically younger status. POC showed peak concentrations during medium flooding events and at the rising limb of large flooding events. While delta C-13-POC increased, delta N-15 of particulate nitrogen decreased with increasing discharge. Overall, the differences in delta C-13 between DOC or DIC and POC show an inverse correlation with river discharge. The higher input of soil organic matter and respired CO2 during wet seasons was likely the main driver for the convergence of delta C-13 between DIC and DOC or POC, whereas enhanced in situ primary production and respiration during dry seasons might be responsible for their isotopic divergence. Carbon export fluxes from the Mississippi River were estimated to be 13.6 Tg C yr(-1) for DIC, 1.88 Tg C yr(-1) for DOC, and 2.30 Tg C yr(-1) for POC during 2006-2008. The discharge-normalized DIC yield decreased during wet seasons, while those of POC and DOC increased and remained constant, respectively, implying variable responses in carbon export to the increasing discharge. C1 [Cai, Yihua] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen, Peoples R China. [Cai, Yihua] Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, Xiamen, Peoples R China. [Guo, Laodong] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Guo, Laodong; Wang, Xuri] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Wang, Xuri] Hainan Res Acad Environm Sci, Haikou, Peoples R China. [Aiken, George] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cai, YH (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen, Peoples R China.; Cai, YH (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, Xiamen, Peoples R China. EM yihua_cai@xmu.edu.cn FU Northern Gulf Institute/NOAA [09-NGI-13, 09-NGI-04]; National Science Foundation [EAR 0554781, OCE 0627820]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41276063, 40906040]; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China [2015Y0040]; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Scholars, Ministry of Education of China; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China; U.S Geological Survey National Research Program FX We thank Zhengzhen Zhou for her assistance during sample collection and processing and Kenna Butler (USGS) for her assistance with sample analyses. We also thank Dr. Britta Voss (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and inputs to improve this manuscript. The carbon data for this paper are listed in supplementary Tables S1 and S2, and the river discharge data were obtained from the USGS (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/la/nwis/uv/?site_no=07374000). More detailed information regarding the data set can be requested from the corresponding author (yihua_cai@xmu.edu.cn). This work was supported in part by the Northern Gulf Institute/NOAA (09-NGI-13 and 09-NGI-04), National Science Foundation (EAR 0554781 and OCE 0627820 to LG), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41276063 and 40906040 to YC), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (2015Y0040 to YC), Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Scholars, Ministry of Education of China, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, and the U.S Geological Survey National Research Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2273 EP 2288 DI 10.1002/2015JG003139 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC0LM UT WOS:000368908700012 ER PT J AU Hartig, JH Wallace, MC AF Hartig, John H. Wallace, Mark C. TI Creating World-Class Gathering Places for People and Wildlife along the Detroit Riverfront, Michigan, USA SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE Detroit; industrial heartland; waterfront redevelopment; place-making; community engagement; sustainability AB Metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, USA is the automobile capital of the world, part of the industrial heartland and Rust Belt, and a major urban area. For over two centuries, the Detroit River was perceived as a working river that supported commerce and industry. Like many other large North American cities, the Motor City made the Detroit River its back door, with businesses facing inland and away from the river. Compounding the problem, Detroit became indifferent to the water pollution that was perceived as a necessary by-product of industrial progress. By the 1960s, the Detroit River was one of the most polluted rivers in North America. Today, the cleanup and recovery of the Detroit River represent one of the most remarkable ecological recovery stories in North America with the return of bald eagles, peregrine falcons, osprey, lake sturgeon, lake whitefish, mayflies, and more. Out of this recovery has come two transformational projects-the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge and the Detroit RiverWalk-that are helping change the perception of the region from that of a Rust Belt city to one of a leader of urban sustainability that reconnects people to nature, improves quality of life, promotes sustainable redevelopment, and enhances community pride. Key lessons learned include: recruit a well-respected champion; ensure broad support from key stakeholder groups; establish core delivery team, focused on outcomes; build trust; adopt a strategic approach to community engagement, creating a connected community; evoke a sense of place; and measure and celebrate successes to sustain momentum. C1 [Hartig, John H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Detroit River Int Wildlife Refuge, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Wallace, Mark C.] Detroit Riverfront Conservancy, 600 Renaissance Ctr,Suite 1720, Detroit, MI 48243 USA. RP Hartig, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Detroit River Int Wildlife Refuge, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM johnhartig1@gmail.com; mark.wallace@detroitriverfront.org NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD NOV PY 2015 VL 7 IS 11 BP 15073 EP 15098 DI 10.3390/su71115073 PG 26 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC2ZR UT WOS:000369088600034 ER PT J AU Green, SJ Armstrong, J Bogan, M Darling, E Kross, S Rochman, CM Smyth, A Verissimo, D AF Green, Stephanie J. Armstrong, Jonathan Bogan, Michael Darling, Emily Kross, Sara Rochman, Chelsea M. Smyth, Ashley Verissimo, Diogo TI Conservation Needs Diverse Values, Approaches, and Practitioners SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Conservation values; policy and pratice; practitioner diversity; early career scientists; science communication C1 [Green, Stephanie J.; Armstrong, Jonathan; Bogan, Michael; Darling, Emily; Kross, Sara; Rochman, Chelsea M.; Smyth, Ashley; Verissimo, Diogo] Soc Conservat Biol, David H Smith Conservat Res Program, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Green, Stephanie J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Armstrong, Jonathan] Univ Wyoming, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bogan, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Darling, Emily] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kross, Sara] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA USA. [Rochman, Chelsea M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA USA. [Smyth, Ashley] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Verissimo, Diogo] Georgia State Univ, Dept Econ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Green, SJ (reprint author), Soc Conservat Biol, David H Smith Conservat Res Program, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM steph.j.green@gmail.com OI Verissimo, Diogo/0000-0002-3519-6782 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 8 IS 6 BP 385 EP 387 DI 10.1111/conl.12204 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DB5DE UT WOS:000368533300001 ER PT J AU Haney, MM Tsai, VC AF Haney, Matthew M. Tsai, Victor C. TI Nonperturbational surface-wave inversion: A Dix-type relation for surface waves SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-WAVES; VELOCITY; TOMOGRAPHY; CRUST AB We extend the approach underlying the well-known Dix equation in reflection seismology to surface waves. Within the context of surface wave inversion, the Dix-type relation we derive for surface waves allows accurate depth profiles of shear-wave velocity to be constructed directly from phase velocity data, in contrast to perturbational methods. The depth profiles can subsequently be used as an initial model for nonlinear inversion. We provide examples of the Dix-type relation for under-parameterized and over-parameterized cases. In the under-parameterized case, we use the theory to estimate crustal thickness, crustal shear-wave velocity, and mantle shear-wave velocity across the Western U.S. from phase velocity maps measured at 8-, 20-, and 40-s periods. By adopting a thin-layer formalism and an over-parameterized model, we show how a regularized inversion based on the Dix-type relation yields smooth depth profiles of shearwave velocity. In the process, we quantitatively demonstrate the depth sensitivity of surface-wave phase velocity as a function of frequency and the accuracy of the Dix-type relation. We apply the over-parameterized approach to a nearsurface data set within the frequency band from 5 to 40 Hz and find overall agreement between the inverted model and the result of full nonlinear inversion. C1 [Haney, Matthew M.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Tsai, Victor C.] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Haney, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mhaney@usgs.gov; tsai@caltech.edu RI Tsai, Victor/J-8405-2012 OI Tsai, Victor/0000-0003-1809-6672 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 80 IS 6 BP EN167 EP EN177 DI 10.1190/GEO2014-0612.1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB2OB UT WOS:000368347800034 ER PT J AU Cataldo, V Williams, DA Dundas, CM Keszthelyi, LP AF Cataldo, Vincenzo Williams, David A. Dundas, Colin M. Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. TI Limited role for thermal erosion by turbulent lava in proximal Athabasca Valles, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SILICATE LIQUIDS; FLOOD LAVAS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; BEARING MAGMAS; MARTIAN LAVA; FLOWING LAVA; GUSEV CRATER; EMPLACEMENT; RHEOLOGY; CHANNELS AB The Athabasca Valles flood lava is among the most recent (<50 Ma) and best preserved effusive lava flows on Mars and was probably emplaced turbulently. The Williams et al. (2005) model of thermal erosion by lava has been applied to what we term "proximal Athabasca," the 75 km long upstream portion of Athabasca Valles. For emplacement volumes of 5000 and 7500 km(3) and average flow thicknesses of 20 and 30 m, the duration of the eruption varies between similar to 11 and similar to 37 days. The erosion of the lava flow substrate is investigated for three eruption temperatures (1270 degrees C, 1260 degrees C, and 1250 degrees C), and volatile contents equivalent to 0-65 vol% bubbles. The largest erosion depths of similar to 3.8-7.5m are at the lava source, for 20m thick and bubble-free flows that erupted at their liquidus temperature (1270 degrees C). A substrate containing 25 vol% ice leads to maximum erosion. A lava temperature 20 degrees C below liquidus reduces erosion depths by a factor of similar to 2.2. If flow viscosity increases with increasing bubble content in the lava, the presence of 30-50 vol% bubbles leads to erosion depths lower than those relative to bubble-free lava by a factor of similar to 2.4. The presence of 25 vol% ice in the substrate increases erosion depths by a factor of 1.3. Nevertheless, modeled erosion depths, consistent with the emplacement volume and flow duration constraints, are far less than the depth of the channel (similar to 35-100 m). We conclude that thermal erosion does not appear to have had a major role in excavating Athabasca Valles. C1 [Cataldo, Vincenzo; Williams, David A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Dundas, Colin M.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Cataldo, V (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. EM Vincenzo.Cataldo@asu.edu OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grant [NNX12AR66G] FX The investigation by Vincenzo Cataldo and David A. Williams was supported by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grant NNX12AR66G. We used data obtained from the NASA Planetary Data System, and the Ronald Greeley Center for Planetary Studies (the NASA Regional Planetary Information Facility at ASU). We are grateful to all those who were involved in analyzing the data collected by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), Context (CTX), and Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instruments onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft. Specifically, the data contained in the Jaeger et al. [2007, 2010] papers enabled production of our results. Finally, we are grateful for the constructive comments by journal reviewers, and Michael Bland and Christopher Edwards. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 1800 EP 1819 DI 10.1002/2014JE004761 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3TU UT WOS:000368435500004 ER PT J AU Peacock, JR Mangan, MT McPhee, D Ponce, DA AF Peacock, J. R. Mangan, M. T. McPhee, D. Ponce, D. A. TI Imaging the magmatic system of Mono Basin, California, with magnetotellurics in three dimensions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; VOLCANIC COMPLEX; TELESEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; PLUMBING SYSTEM; RECENT ERUPTION AB A three-dimensional (3-D) electrical resistivity model of Mono Basin in eastern California, unveils a complex subsurface filled with zones of partial melt, fluid-filled fracture networks, cold plutons, and regional faults. In 2013, 62 broadband magnetotelluric stations were collected in an array around southeastern Mono Basin from which a 3-D electrical resistivity model was created with a resolvable depth of 35 km. Multiple robust electrical resistivity features were found that correlate with existing geophysical observations. The most robust features are two 300 +/- 50 km(3) near-vertical conductive bodies (3-10 Omega m) that underlie the southeast and northeastern margin of Mono Craters below 10 km depth. These features are interpreted as magmatic crystal-melt mush zones of 15 +/- 5% interstitial melt surrounded by hydrothermal fluids and are likely sources for Holocene eruptions. Two conductive east dipping structures appear to connect each magma source region to the surface. A conductive arc-like structure (< 0.9 Omega m) links the northernmost mush column at 10 km depth to just below vents near Panum Crater, where the high conductivity suggests the presence of hydrothermal fluids. The connection from the southernmost mush column at 10 km depth to below South Coulee is less obvious with higher resistivity (200 Omega m) suggestive of a cooled connection. A third, less constrained conductive feature (4-10 Omega m) 15 km deep, extending to 35 km is located west of Mono Craters near the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada escarpment and is coincident with a zone of sporadic, long-period earthquakes that are characteristic of a fluid-filled (magmatic or metamorphic) fracture network. A resistive feature (10(3)-10(5) Omega m) located under Aeolian Buttes contains a deep root down to 25 km. The eastern edge of this resistor appears to structurally control the arcuate shape of Mono Craters. These observations have been combined to form a new conceptual model of the magmatic system beneath Mono Craters to a depth of 30 km. C1 [Peacock, J. R.; Mangan, M. T.; McPhee, D.; Ponce, D. A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Peacock, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM peacock.jared@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship program FX The authors would like to thank G. Matson, C. MacPherson-Krutsky, B. Chuchel, R. Kogler, S. Wilkinson, and M. Mustain for field support, S. Park for MT data and helpful hints, and P. Dawson for providing the teleseismic model. The authors are grateful to W. Hildreth, D. Hill, R. Blakely, P. Wannamaker and an anonymous reviewer for improving this manuscript. The authors are grateful to W. Siripunvaraporn and G. Egbert for making their 3-D MT inversion codes academically available and to the high-end computing capability (HECC) at NASA Ames for allocating time on the Pleiades supercomputer for the 3-D inversions. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship program. Three-dimensional visualization was done with Paraview (http://paraview.org), and figures were made with MTpy (https://github.com/geophysics/mtpy) and ArcMap. MT data are available at http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gump/people/jpeacock. NR 93 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 7273 EP 7289 DI 10.1002/2015JB012071 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3UL UT WOS:000368437800001 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Minasian, DL AF Parsons, Tom Minasian, Diane L. TI Earthquake rupture process recreated from a natural fault surface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CRITICAL SLIP DISTANCE; ZONES; ROUGHNESS; ORIENTATIONS; DISPLACEMENT; INSTABILITY; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; STRENGTH AB What exactly happens on the rupture surface as an earthquake nucleates, spreads, and stops? We cannot observe this directly, and models depend on assumptions about physical conditions and geometry at depth. We thus measure a natural fault surface and use its 3-D coordinates to construct a replica at 0.1m resolution to obviate geometry uncertainty. We can recreate stick-slip behavior on the resulting finite element model that depends solely on observed fault geometry. We clamp the fault together and apply steady state tectonic stress until seismic slip initiates and terminates. Our recreated M similar to 1 earthquake initiates at contact points where there are steep surface gradients because infinitesimal lateral displacements reduce clamping stress most efficiently there. Unclamping enables accelerating slip to spread across the surface, but the fault soon jams up because its uneven, anisotropic shape begins to juxtapose new high-relief sticking points. These contacts would ultimately need to be sheared off or strongly deformed before another similar earthquake could occur. Our model shows that an important role is played by fault-wall geometry, although we do not include effects of varying fluid pressure or exotic rheologies on the fault surfaces. We extrapolate our results to large fault systems using observed self-similarity properties and suggest that larger ruptures might begin and end in a similar way, although the scale of geometrical variation in fault shape that can arrest a rupture necessarily scales with magnitude. In other words, fault segmentation may be a magnitude-dependent phenomenon and could vary with each subsequent rupture. C1 [Parsons, Tom; Minasian, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 7852 EP 7862 DI 10.1002/2015JB012448 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3UL UT WOS:000368437800031 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Wells, RE AF Savage, J. C. Wells, R. E. TI Identifying block structure in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA BLOCK; VELOCITIES; CALIFORNIA; PROVINCE; CASCADIA; OREGON; STATE AB We have identified block structure in the Pacific Northwest (west of 116 degrees W between 38 degrees N and 49 degrees N) by clustering GPS stations so that the same Euler vector approximates the velocity of each station in a cluster. Given the total number k of clusters desired, the clustering procedure finds the best assignment of stations to clusters. Clustering is calculated for k=2-14. In geographic space, cluster boundaries that remain relatively stable as k is increased are tentatively identified as block boundaries. That identification is reinforced if the cluster boundary coincides with a geologic feature. Boundaries identified in Northern California and Nevada are the Central Nevada Seismic Belt, the west side of the Northern Walker Lane Belt, and the Bartlett Springs Fault. Three blocks cover all of Oregon and Washington. The principal block boundary there extends west-northwest along the Brothers Fault Zone, then north and northwest along the eastern boundary of Siletzia, the accreted oceanic basement of the forearc. East of this boundary is the Intermountain block; its eastern boundary undefined. A cluster boundary at Cape Blanco subdivides the forearc along the faulted southern margin of Siletzia. South of Cape Blanco, the Klamath Mountains-Basin and Range block, extends east to the Central Nevada Seismic Belt and south to the Sierra Nevada-Great Valley block. The Siletzia block, north of Cape Blanco, coincides almost exactly with the accreted Siletz terrane. The cluster boundary in the eastern Olympic Peninsula may mark permanent shortening of Siletzia against the Intermountain block. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Wells, R. E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 7905 EP 7916 DI 10.1002/2015JB012277 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3UL UT WOS:000368437800034 ER PT J AU Levandowski, W Jones, CH AF Levandowski, Will Jones, Craig H. TI Linking Sierra Nevada, California, uplift to subsidence of the Tulare basin using a seismically derived density model SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID MANTLE LITHOSPHERE REMOVAL; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; THERMAL-EXPANSION; UNITED-STATES; BENEATH; REGION; VICINITY; OLIVINE AB Seismic tomography has previously imaged the high-velocity "Isabella anomaly" southwest of the Sierra Nevada beneath the Tulare basin, a region of similar to 1 km of anomalous Pliocene subsidence. Additionally, it has been proposed that the eastern Sierra has risen 1-2 km since the Miocene in response to removal of dense lithospheric material. The Isabella anomaly has been variably interpreted as either this lithospheric material or a neutrally buoyant stalled fragment of the Farallon slab. To discriminate between these two, we estimate upper mantle density variations from seismic velocities and show that the estimated mass anomaly accords with 60 km of cold lithospheric material removed from beneath the southern Sierra, sufficient for 1.3 km of range uplift. A flexural model of the surface response to mantle loads predicts 1.3-1.7 km of anomalous subsidence of the Tulare basin, several hundred meters more than is observed. Nevertheless, beam-formed receiver functions show up to 10 km of crustal thickening beneath the basin, which we attribute to viscous response of the crust to mantle loading. This anomalous crustal thickness, the post-Miocene subsidence of the Tulare basin, and the uplift of the Sierra can all be explained by redistribution of cold continental mantle lithosphere; therefore, the Isabella anomaly is more plausibly such continental material than a stalled Farallon slab fragment. C1 [Levandowski, Will; Jones, Craig H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Levandowski, Will; Jones, Craig H.] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. RP Levandowski, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Levandowski, W (reprint author), CIRES, Boulder, CO USA.; Levandowski, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM wlevandowski@usgs.gov OI Jones, Craig/0000-0002-1698-0408 FU NSF [EAR-0607831, EAR-0454535, EAR-0453427]; Princeton University FX Funded by NSF grant EAR-0607831, the P wave tomography was supported by NSF grant EAR-0454535. The beamed receiver functions were analyzed during an IRIS internship (W.B.L., University of Colorado, 2006; funded by NSF grant EAR-0453427 to Michael Hubenthal) and as undergraduate thesis partially supported by Princeton University research grants to W.B.L. The advice and guidance of Guust Nolet and Bob Phinney in the latter remain greatly appreciated. We are grateful for thorough and helpful reviews from Derek Schutt, Greg Houseman, Jason Saleeby, and Associate Editor Hersh Gilbert and to Ulrich Faul for his help in accounting for anelasticity. The mantle density model and the codes used for calculating the effects of temperature on seismic velocity and density and for flexural modeling are included in the supporting information. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD NOV PY 2015 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2349 EP 2358 DI 10.1002/2015TC003824 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB7BD UT WOS:000368668500004 ER PT J AU Solomon, DK Gilmore, TE Solder, JE Kimball, B Genereux, DP AF Solomon, D. K. Gilmore, T. E. Solder, J. E. Kimball, B. Genereux, D. P. TI Evaluating an unconfined aquifer by analysis of age-dating tracers in stream water SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; YOUNG GROUNDWATER; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; NORTH-CAROLINA; TERRIGENIC SF6; CATCHMENT; GASES; CREEK; RATES AB The mean transit time (MTT) is a fundamental property of a groundwater flow system that is strongly related to the ratio of recharge rate to storage volume. However, obtaining samples for estimating the MTT using environmental tracers is problematic as flow-weighted samples over the full spectrum of transit times are needed. Samples collected from the base flow of a gaining stream in the North Carolina Coastal Plain (West Bear Creek) that were corrected for exchange with the atmosphere yielded environmental tracer concentrations (SF6 and CFC-11) very similar to flow-weighted values from nine or ten streambed piezometers that directly sampled groundwater during low streamflow. At higher streamflow on the falling limb of the hydrograph, stream tracer concentrations (after correction for gas exchange) were significantly higher than the flow-weighted mean from piezometers, consistent with dominance of the stream tracer signal by transient influx of surface water and/or younger subsurface water. The apparent MTT derived from SF6 in low flow stream water samples was 26 years, suggesting a groundwater recharge rate of about 210 mm/yr, that is consistent with vertical profiles obtained by sampling nested piezometers in the aquifer. When sampled under low flow conditions when streamflow consists of a high component of groundwater discharge, West Bear Creek appears to act as a flow-weighted integrator of transit times and, streamflow samples can provide fundamental information regarding groundwater recharge rate and MTT. Our study suggests that watershed-scale evaluation of some groundwater flow systems is possible without utilizing monitoring wells. C1 [Solomon, D. K.; Solder, J. E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Gilmore, T. E.; Genereux, D. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kimball, B.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Solomon, DK (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM kip.solomon@utah.edu RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016; OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Solder, John/0000-0002-0660-3326 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1045134, EAR-1045162] FX Data used for tables and figures are available from the corresponding author upon request. This project was funded by National Science Foundation under Awards EAR-1045134 and EAR-1045162. The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance with field work: Matt Burnette and Scott Becker (both NC State) in July and March, and Casey Kennedy (USDA-ARS), Matt Webb (Arcadis U.S.), and Vic Heilweil and James Marlowe (USGS) in March. Nora Nelson helped with editing and formatting. Jim Pechman helped with manipulating equation (6). The manuscript was considerably improved by the comments from three anonymous reviewers. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 51 IS 11 BP 8883 EP 8899 DI 10.1002/2015WR017602 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3OC UT WOS:000368420000014 ER PT J AU Coish, R Kim, J Twelker, E Zolkos, S Walsh, G AF Coish, Raymond Kim, Jonathan Twelker, Evan Zolkos, Scott Walsh, Gregory TI GEOCHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF METAMORPHOSED MAFIC ROCKS FROM THE LOWER PALEOZOIC MORETOWN AND CRAM HILL FORMATIONS OF NORTH-CENTRAL VERMONT: DELAMINATION MAGMATISM IN THE WESTERN NEW ENGLAND APPALACHIANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Appalachians; Vermont; delamination; geochemistry; mafic rocks; Moretown Formation ID GREEN MOUNTAIN ANTICLINORIUM; CONNECTICUT VALLEY-GASPE; BETTS COVE OPHIOLITE; PB ZIRCON AGE; SOUTHERN QUEBEC; TACONIC OROGENY; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; CANADIAN APPALACHIANS; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; METAVOLCANIC ROCKS AB The Moretown Formation, exposed as a north-trending unit that extends from northern Vermont to Connecticut, is located along a critical Appalachian litho-tectonic zone between the paleomargin of Laurentia and accreted oceanic terranes. Remnants of magmatic activity, in part preserved as metamorphosed mafic rocks in the Moretown Formation and the overlying Cram Hill Formation, are a key to further understanding the tectonic history of the northern Appalachians. Field relationships suggest that the metamorphosed mafic rocks might have formed during and after Taconian deformation, which occurred at ca. 470 to 460 Ma. Geochemistry indicates that the sampled metamorphosed mafic rocks were mostly basalts or basaltic andesites. The rocks have moderate TiO2 contents (1-2.5 wt %), are slightly enriched in the light-rare earth elements relative to the heavy rare earths, and have negative Nb-Ta anomalies in MORB-normalized extended rare earth element diagrams. Their chemistry is similar to compositions of basalts from western Pacific extensional basins near volcanic arcs. The metamorphosed mafic rocks of this study are similar in chemistry to both the pre-Silurian Mount Norris Intrusive Suite of northern Vermont, and also to some of Late Silurian rocks within the Lake Memphremagog Intrusive Suite, particularly the Comerford Intrusive Complex of Vermont and New Hampshire. Both suites may be represented among the samples of this study. The geochemistry of all samples indicates that parental magmas were generated in supra-subduction extensional environments during lithospheric delamination. C1 [Coish, Raymond; Twelker, Evan; Zolkos, Scott] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Kim, Jonathan] Vermont Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05620 USA. [Walsh, Gregory] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. RP Coish, R (reprint author), Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. EM coish@middlebury.edu FU Middlebury College; Vermont Geological Survey FX We thank Marjorie Gale, Dave West and Pete Ryan for discussions of Vermont geology. We thank Michael Dorais and Stephane De Souza for excellent reviews that substantially improved the manuscript. Financial support from Middlebury College and the Vermont Geological Survey is gratefully acknowledged. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 315 IS 9 BP 809 EP 845 DI 10.2475/09.2015.02 PG 37 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DA8II UT WOS:000368047900002 ER PT J AU Lorch, JM Lankton, J Werner, K Falendysz, EA McCurley, K Blehert, DS AF Lorch, Jeffrey M. Lankton, Julia Werner, Katrien Falendysz, Elizabeth A. McCurley, Kevin Blehert, David S. TI Experimental Infection of Snakes with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola Causes Pathological Changes That Typify Snake Fungal Disease SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; CHRYSOSPORIUM ANAMORPH; NANNIZZIOPSIS-VRIESII; CROTALUS-HORRIDUS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; RATTLESNAKES; ADENOVIRUSES; THAMNOPHIS; DERMATITIS; MORTALITY AB Snake fungal disease (SFD) is an emerging skin infection of wild snakes in eastern North America. The fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola is frequently associated with the skin lesions that are characteristic of SFD, but a causal relationship between the fungus and the disease has not been established. We experimentally infected captive-bred corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) in the laboratory with pure cultures of O. ophiodiicola. All snakes in the infected group (n = 8) developed gross and microscopic lesions identical to those observed in wild snakes with SFD; snakes in the control group (n = 7) did not develop skin infections. Furthermore, the same strain of O. ophiodiicola used to inoculate snakes was recovered from lesions of all animals in the infected group, but no fungi were isolated from individuals in the control group. Monitoring progression of lesions throughout the experiment captured a range of presentations of SFD that have been described in wild snakes. The host response to the infection included marked recruitment of granulocytes to sites of fungal invasion, increased frequency of molting, and abnormal behaviors, such as anorexia and resting in conspicuous areas of enclosures. While these responses may help snakes to fight infection, they could also impact host fitness and may contribute to mortality in wild snakes with chronic O. ophiodiicola infection. This work provides a basis for understanding the pathogenicity of O. ophiodiicola and the ecology of SFD by using a model system that incorporates a host species that is easy to procure and maintain in the laboratory. IMPORTANCE Skin infections in snakes, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), have been reported with increasing frequency in wild snakes in the eastern United States. While most of these infections are associated with the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, there has been no conclusive evidence to implicate this fungus as a primary pathogen. Furthermore, it is not understood why the infections affect different host populations differently. Our experiment demonstrates that O. ophiodiicola is the causative agent of SFD and can elicit pathological changes that likely impact fitness of wild snakes. This information, and the laboratory model we describe, will be essential in addressing unresolved questions regarding disease ecology and outcomes of O. ophiodiicola infection and helping to conserve snake populations threatened by the disease. The SFD model of infection also offers utility for exploring larger concepts related to comparative fungal virulence, host response, and host-pathogen evolution. C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Lankton, Julia; Werner, Katrien; Falendysz, Elizabeth A.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [McCurley, Kevin] New England Reptile Distributors, Plaistow, NH USA. RP Lorch, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jlorch@usgs.gov OI Falendysz, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2895-8918; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided to David S. Blehert and Jeffrey M. Lorch by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 23 U2 49 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 6 IS 6 AR e01534-15 DI 10.1128/mBio.01534-15 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DA0YY UT WOS:000367524700025 PM 26578676 ER PT J AU Honig, A Supan, J La Peyre, M AF Honig, Aaron Supan, John La Peyre, Megan TI Population ecology of the gulf ribbed mussel across a salinity gradient: recruitment, growth and density SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE density; Geukensia; Juncus; flooding; growth; Louisiana; mortality; recruitment; salinity; salt marsh; Spartina ID GEUKENSIA-DEMISSA DILLWYN; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SHORE LEVEL; TIDAL MARSHES; NORTHERN GULF; MYTILIDAE; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE AB Benthic intertidal bivalves play an essential role in estuarine ecosystems by contributing to habitat provision, water filtration, and promoting productivity. As such, changes that impact population distributions and persistence of local bivalve populations may have large ecosystem level consequences. Recruitment, growth, mortality, population size structure and density of the gulf coast ribbed mussel, Geukensia granosissima, were examined across a salinity gradient in southeastern Louisiana. Data were collected along 100-m transects at interior and edge marsh plots located at duplicate sites in upper (salinity; 4 psu), central (salinity; 8 psu) and lower (salinity; 15 psu) Barataria Bay, Louisiana, U.S.A. Growth, mortality and recruitment were measured in established plots from April through November 2012. Mussel densities were greatest within the middle bay (salinity; 8) regardless of flooding regime, but strongly associated with highest stem densities of Juncus roemerianus vegetation. Mussel recruitment, growth, size and survival were significantly higher at mid and high salinity marsh edge sites as compared to all interior marsh and low salinity sites. The observed patterns of density, growth and mortality in Barataria Bay may reflect detrital food resource availability, host vegetation community distribution along the salinity gradient, salinity tolerance of the mussel, and reduced predation at higher salinity edge sites. C1 [Honig, Aaron] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Supan, John] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Sea Grant, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Megan] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Honig, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2015 VL 6 IS 11 AR 226 DI 10.1890/ES14-00499.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ7WH UT WOS:000367310600017 ER PT J AU Proffitt, KM Goldberg, JF Hebblewhite, M Russell, R Jimenez, BS Robinson, HS Pilgrim, K Schwartz, MK AF Proffitt, K. M. Goldberg, J. F. Hebblewhite, M. Russell, R. Jimenez, B. S. Robinson, H. S. Pilgrim, K. Schwartz, M. K. TI Integrating resource selection into spatial capture-recapture models for large carnivores SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; carnivore; mountain lion; non-invasive; population estimation; Puma concolor; SCR ID METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; MOUNTAIN LIONS; ABUNDANCE; INFERENCE; PARAMETERS; FRAMEWORK AB Wildlife managers need reliable methods to estimate large carnivore densities and population trends; yet large carnivores are elusive, difficult to detect, and occur at low densities making traditional approaches intractable. Recent advances in spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models have provided new approaches for monitoring trends in wildlife abundance and these methods are particularly applicable to large carnivores. We applied SCR models in a Bayesian framework to estimate mountain lion densities in the Bitterroot Mountains of west central Montana. We incorporate an existing resource selection function (RSF) as a density covariate to account for heterogeneity in habitat use across the study area and include data collected from harvested lions. We identify individuals through DNA samples collected by (1) biopsy darting mountain lions detected in systematic surveys of the study area, (2) opportunistically collecting hair and scat samples, and (3) sampling all harvested mountain lions. We included 80 DNA samples collected from 62 individuals in the analysis. Including information on predicted habitat use as a covariate on the distribution of activity centers reduced the median estimated density by 44%, the standard deviation by 7%, and the width of 95% credible intervals by 10% as compared to standard SCR models. Within the two management units of interest, we estimated a median mountain lion density of 4.5 mountain lions/100 km 2 (95% CI = 2.9, 7.7) and 5.2 mountain lions/100 km(2) (95% CI = 3.4, 9.1). Including harvested individuals (dead recovery) did not create a significant bias in the detection process by introducing individuals that could not be detected after removal. However, the dead recovery component of the model did have a substantial effect on results by increasing sample size. The ability to account for heterogeneity in habitat use provides a useful extension to SCR models, and will enhance the ability of wildlife managers to reliably and economically estimate density of wildlife populations, particularly large carnivores. C1 [Proffitt, K. M.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Goldberg, J. F.; Hebblewhite, M.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Jimenez, B. S.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Russell, R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Robinson, H. S.] Panthera, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Pilgrim, K.; Schwartz, M. K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Proffitt, KM (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 1400 South 19th St, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM kproffitt@mt.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU Ravalli County Fish and Wildlife Association; Montana Outdoor Legacy Foundation; Western Montana Chapter of the Safari Club International; Safari Club International Foundation; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; University of Montana; U.S.D.A. Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Grant [MONZ-1106]; sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants FX Project funding and support was provided by Ravalli County Fish and Wildlife Association, the Montana Outdoor Legacy Foundation, Western Montana Chapter of the Safari Club International, Safari Club International Foundation, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, the University of Montana, U.S.D.A. Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Grant No. MONZ-1106, and by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants. We thank R. Beausoleil for advice regarding field methodology, and J. A. Royle for expert advice on SCR modelling. We thank the project houndsmen and field staff for their dedicated efforts and expertise. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2015 VL 6 IS 11 AR 239 DI 10.1890/ES15-00001.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ7WH UT WOS:000367310600030 ER PT J AU Uden, DR Allen, CR Bishop, AA Grosse, R Jorgensen, CF LaGrange, TG Stutheit, RG Vrtiska, MP AF Uden, Daniel R. Allen, Craig R. Bishop, Andrew A. Grosse, Roger Jorgensen, Christopher F. LaGrange, Theodore G. Stutheit, Randy G. Vrtiska, Mark P. TI Predictions of future ephemeral springtime waterbird stopover habitat availability under global change SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Central Flyway; climate change; landuse change; mixed models; playa wetlands; ponding; Rainwater Basin; scenarios; shorebirds; stopover habitat; waterfowl ID NORTHERN PRAIRIE WETLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; GREAT-PLAINS; PROVIDE OPPORTUNITY; PLAYA WETLANDS; LAND-USE; MODELS; CONSERVATION; BIRDS AB In the present period of rapid, worldwide change in climate and landuse (i.e., global change), successful biodiversity conservation warrants proactive management responses, especially for long-distance migratory species. However, the development and implementation of management strategies can be impeded by high levels of uncertainty and low levels of control over potentially impactful future events and their effects. Scenario planning and modeling are useful tools for expanding perspectives and informing decisions under these conditions. We coupled scenario planning and statistical modeling to explain and predict playa wetland inundation (i.e., presence/absence of water) and ponded area (i.e., extent of water) in the Rainwater Basin, an anthropogenically altered landscape that provides critical stopover habitat for migratory waterbirds. Inundation and ponded area models for total wetlands, those embedded in rowcrop fields, and those not embedded in rowcrop fields were trained and tested with wetland ponding data from 2004 and 2006-2009, and then used to make additional predictions under two alternative climate change scenarios for the year 2050, yielding a total of six predictive models and 18 prediction sets. Model performance ranged from moderate to good, with inundation models outperforming ponded area models, and models for non-rowcrop-embedded wetlands outperforming models for total wetlands and rowcrop-embedded wetlands. Model predictions indicate that if the temperature and precipitation changes assumed under our climate change scenarios occur, wetland stopover habitat availability in the Rainwater Basin could decrease in the future. The results of this and similar studies could be aggregated to increase knowledge about the potential spatial and temporal distributions of future stopover habitat along migration corridors, and to develop and prioritize multi-scale management actions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of global change on migratory waterbird populations. C1 [Uden, Daniel R.; Jorgensen, Christopher F.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Bishop, Andrew A.; Grosse, Roger; Jorgensen, Christopher F.] Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, Grand Isl, NE 68803 USA. [LaGrange, Theodore G.; Stutheit, Randy G.; Vrtiska, Mark P.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Uden, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. EM danielruden87@gmail.com FU Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network; NSF IGERT [DGE-0903469]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors wish to thank C. Chizinski, K. Dinan, J. Drahota, T. J. Fontaine, J. Hartman, D. Tyre, and a number of anonymous reviewers for their contributions to this research; D. Weiss for assistance with COASTER data; the RWBJV for providing GIS data; numerous Rainwater Basin wetland managers for supplying wetland pumping data; and the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative and U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network for financial support. This research was also supported in part by an NSF IGERT grant, DGE-0903469. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 23 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2015 VL 6 IS 11 AR 215 DI 10.1890/ES15-00256.1 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ7WH UT WOS:000367310600006 ER PT J AU Urbieta, IR Zavala, G Bedia, J Gutierrez, JM San Miguel-Ayanz, J Camia, A Keeley, JE Moreno, JM AF Urbieta, Itziar R. Zavala, Gonzalo Bedia, Joaquin Gutierrez, Jose M. San Miguel-Ayanz, Jesus Camia, Andrea Keeley, Jon E. Moreno, Jose M. TI Fire activity as a function of fire-weather seasonal severity and antecedent climate across spatial scales in southern Europe and Pacific western USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE area burned; climate change; drought; fire weather index; large fires; Mediterranean ecosystems ID LIVE FUEL MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; BURNED AREA; IBERIAN PENINSULA; GLOBAL PATTERNS; DANGER INDEXES; WILDLAND FIRES; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; WILDFIRE AB Climate has a strong influence on fire activity, varying across time and space. We analyzed the relationships between fire-weather conditions during the main fire season and antecedent water-balance conditions and fires in two Mediterranean-type regions with contrasted management histories: five southern countries of the European Union (EUMED)(all fires); the Pacific western coast of the USA (California and Oregon, PWUSA)(national forest fires). Total number of fires (>= 1 ha), number of large fires (>= 100 ha) and area burned were related to mean seasonal fire weather index (FWI), number of days over the 90th percentile of the FWI, and to the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from the preceding 3 (spring) or 8 (autumn through spring) months. Calculations were made at three spatial aggregations in each area, and models related first-difference (year-to-year change) of fires and FWI/climate variables to minimize autocorrelation. An increase in mean seasonal FWI resulted in increases in the three fire variables across spatial scales in both regions. SPEI contributed little to explain fires, with few exceptions. Negative water-balance (dry) conditions from autumn through spring (SPEI8) were generally more important than positive conditions (moist) in spring (SPEI3), both of which contributed positively to fires. The R-2 of the models generally improved with increasing area of aggregation. For total number of fires and area burned, the R-2 of the models tended to decrease with increasing mean seasonal FWI. Thus, fires were more susceptible to change with climate variability in areas with less amenable conditions for fires (lower FWI) than in areas with higher mean FWI values. The relationships were similar in both regions, albeit weaker in PWUSA, probably due to the wider latitudinal gradient covered in PWUSA than in EUMED. The large variance explained by some of the models indicates that large-scale seasonal forecast could help anticipating fire activity in the investigated areas. C1 [Urbieta, Itziar R.; Zavala, Gonzalo; Moreno, Jose M.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Ciencias Ambientales, E-45071 Toledo, Spain. [Bedia, Joaquin; Gutierrez, Jose M.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, Grp Meteorol, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [San Miguel-Ayanz, Jesus; Camia, Andrea] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra Varese, Italy. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Urbieta, IR (reprint author), Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Ciencias Ambientales, Ave Carlos 3 S-N, E-45071 Toledo, Spain. EM josem.moreno@uclm.es RI R Urbieta, Itziar/G-2872-2016; Gutierrez, Jose/C-5754-2009; OI Bedia, Joaquin/0000-0001-6219-4312; Urbieta, Itziar R./0000-0002-3743-2144 FU European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [243888]; EC FP7 Post-Grant Access Pilot FX We thank Sixto Herrera for his assistance in climate data downloading and pre-processing. We acknowledge the helpful feedback from Julie Yee, Steve Cumming, and two anonymous reviewers to previous versions of the manuscript. This research was funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 243888 (FUME Project). Publication in Open Access was funded by the EC FP7 Post-Grant Access Pilot. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR 114013 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ6ZO UT WOS:000367249900017 ER PT J AU Qiu, KF Song, KR Song, YH AF Qiu KunFeng Song KaiRui Song YaoHui TI Magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution of the Wenquan porphyry molybdenum deposit in the north margin of the West Qinling, China. SO ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE Magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization; Quartz stockwork veins; Chemical composition; Pyrite; Wenquan deposit; West Qinling ID GOLD DEPOSIT; BINGHAM CANYON; TRACE-ELEMENT; COPPER DEPOSITION; SANJIANG REGION; ORE DEPOSITION; OROGENIC BELT; CU DEPOSITS; SW CHINA; MONTANA AB The Indosinian granitoids, widely distributed in the northern margin of the West Qinling, are closely associated with the porphyry and skanz deposits spatio-temporally. The Wenquan large porphyry deposit, located in the Tianshui region, is characterized by low-grade molybdenum mineralization developed within and around porphyries and related to pervasive hydrothermal alteration zones. Pyrite, a ubiquitous mineral and a major constituent of porphyry stockwork veins at the Wenquan deposit. Study on chemical composition of pyrite could provide more constraints on fluid evolution and metal precipitation of magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization. 42 samples recording the sequence of vein formation independently were collected in numerous observation points throughout the deposit, based on intersection and overprinting relationships between different veins ( veinlets), intrusive contacts, and alteration types ( halos), four quartz stockwork veins are distinguished, as quartz-k-spar-biotite vein ( A-veinlet), quartz-chalcopyrite vein, quartz-molybdenite vein ( B vein) and quartz-sericite-pyrite vein ( D vein). The concentrations of Cu, Mo and Au of 101 pyrite grains in a suite of samples of four types quartz stockwork veins at Wenquan were determined by electron microprobe analysis ( EMPA), indicating that, A-veinlets, the earliest vein type recognized in magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization, are associated with biotite stable alteration, and represent the channel-ways for fluid causing alteration of former mafic minerals to biotite. Low concentrations of Cu, Mo and Au are detected in pyrites consistent to the fact that few sulfides precipitated during this stage. Quartz-chalcopyrite veins are closely related with potassic alteration with alteration of plagioclase to K-feldspar, and high Cu concentration of pyrite indicates the main stage of Cu mineralization. B veins, with higher Mo concentration of pyrite, as well as closely related to high grade Mo orebodies spatially, represent the main Mo mineralization stage. D veins, cutting and overprinting earlier quartz veins and cut by cracks filled with kaolinite and clays, as the last event of magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization, are filled mainly with pyrite and minor chalcopyrite and quartz, and closely associated with seritic alteration, which represent the Au and later Cu deposition stage. C1 [Qiu KunFeng; Song KaiRui; Song YaoHui] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Qiu KunFeng] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Song YaoHui] Airborne Survey & Remote Sensing Ctr Nucl Ind, Shijiazhuang 050000, Peoples R China. RP Qiu, KF (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM kunfengqiu@cugb.edu.cn NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-0569 EI 2095-8927 J9 ACTA PETROL SIN JI Acta Petrol. Sin. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3391 EP 3404 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA CZ3TM UT WOS:000367026900016 ER PT J AU Raghunandan, M Liel, AB Luco, N AF Raghunandan, Meera Liel, Abbie B. Luco, Nicolas TI Collapse Risk of Buildings in the Pacific Northwest Region due to Subduction Earthquakes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID REINFORCED-CONCRETE COLUMNS; STRONG GROUND MOTION; DURATION; CLASSIFICATION; STRENGTH; CASCADIA; ZONE AB Subduction earthquakes similar to the 2011 Japan and 2010 Chile events will occur in the future in the Cascadia subduction zone in the Pacific Northwest. In this paper, nonlinear dynamic analyses are carried out on 24 buildings designed according to outdated and modem building codes for the cities of Seattle, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. The results indicate that the median collapse capacity of the ductile (post-1970) buildings is approximately 40% less when subjected to ground motions from subduction, as compared to crustal earthquakes. Buildings are more susceptible to earthquake-induced collapse when shaken by subduction records (as compared to crustal records of the same intensity) because the sub duction motions tend to be longer in duration due to their larger magnitude and the greater source-to-site distance. As a result, subduction earthquakes are shown to contribute to the majority of the collapse risk of the buildings analyzed. C1 [Raghunandan, Meera] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Liel, Abbie B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Raghunandan, M (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. FU U.S. Geological Survey [G11AP20134] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under award number G11AP20134. This support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Steve Harmsen, for separating the seismic hazard by subduction and crustal sources, and for providing results from ground motion prediction equations for subduction and crustal earthquakes. The authors also thank Art Frankel for his review of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD NOV PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 2087 EP 2115 DI 10.1193/012114EQS011M PG 29 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CZ5FQ UT WOS:000367128300011 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. TI Simulating realistic predator signatures in quantitative fatty acid signature analysis SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE QFASA; Diet estimation; Bootstrap sampling; Aitchison distance measure; Polar bear; Ursus maritimus ID ECOLOGY; DIETS AB Diet estimation is an important field within quantitative ecology, providing critical insights into many aspects of ecology and community dynamics. Quantitative fatty add signature analysis (QFASA) is a prominent method of diet estimation, particularly for marine mammal and bird species. Investigators using QFASA commonly use computer simulation to evaluate statistical characteristics of diet estimators for the populations they study. Similar computer simulations have been used to explore and compare the performance of different variations of the original QFASA diet estimator. In both cases, computer simulations involve bootstrap sampling prey signature data to construct pseudo-predator signatures with known properties. However, bootstrap sample sizes have been selected arbitrarily and pseudo-predator signatures therefore may not have realistic properties. I develop an algorithm to objectively establish bootstrap sample sizes that generates pseudo-predator signatures with realistic properties, thereby enhancing the utility of computer simulation for assessing QFASA estimator performance. The algorithm also appears to be computationally efficient, resulting in bootstrap sample sizes that are smaller than those commonly used. I illustrate the algorithm with an example using data from Chukchi Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and their marine mammal prey. The concepts underlying the approach may have value in other areas of quantitative ecology in which bootstrap samples are post-processed prior to their use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 30 SI SI BP 68 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2015.09.011 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ1OY UT WOS:000366876400009 ER PT J AU Horstmann, T Harrington, RM Cochran, ES AF Horstmann, Tobias Harrington, Rebecca M. Cochran, Elizabeth S. TI Using a modified time-reverse imaging technique to locate low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault near Cholame, California SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake source observations; Broad-band seismometers; Seismicity and tectonics; Transform faults ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; SEISMIC SOURCES; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; CRUST; SLIP AB We present a new method to locate low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) within tectonic tremor episodes based on time-reverse imaging techniques. The modified time-reverse imaging technique presented here is the first method that locates individual LFEs within tremor episodes within 5 km uncertainty without relying on high-amplitude P-wave arrivals and that produces similar hypocentral locations to methods that locate events by stacking hundreds of LFEs without having to assume event co-location. In contrast to classic time-reverse imaging algorithms, we implement a modification to the method that searches for phase coherence over a short time period rather than identifying the maximum amplitude of a superpositioned wavefield. The method is independent of amplitude and can help constrain event origin time. The method uses individual LFE origin times, but does not rely on a priori information on LFE templates and families. We apply the method to locate 34 individual LFEs within tremor episodes that occur between 2010 and 2011 on the San Andreas Fault, near Cholame, California. Individual LFE location accuracies range from 2.6 to 5 km horizontally and 4.8 km vertically. Other methods that have been able to locate individual LFEs with accuracy of less than 5 km have mainly used large-amplitude events where a P-phase arrival can be identified. The method described here has the potential to locate a larger number of individual low-amplitude events with only the S-phase arrival. Location accuracy is controlled by the velocity model resolution and the wavelength of the dominant energy of the signal. Location results are also dependent on the number of stations used and are negligibly correlated with other factors such as the maximum gap in azimuthal coverage, source-station distance and signal-to-noise ratio. C1 [Horstmann, Tobias] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30665 Hannover, Germany. [Harrington, Rebecca M.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Cochran, Elizabeth S.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Horstmann, T (reprint author), Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, Stilleweg 2, D-30665 Hannover, Germany. EM tobias.horstmann@bgr.de FU Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Southern California Earthquake Center; NSF [EAR-0529922]; U.S. Geological Survey [07HQAG0008] FX This work was supported by funding from the 'Concept of the Future' of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) within the framework of the national 'Initiative for Excellence'. Additional support came from the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1639. The authors would like to thank David R. Shelly for the use of his LFE event catalogue, which was crucial to the analysis, as well as Thomas Bohlen for the use of his finite-difference code. The Karlsruhe Broadband Array (KABBA) provided seismic data from the temporary station deployment, and the permanent seismic data are distributed by the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC). The HRSN data as well as the BDSN data are contributed by the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley. The ANSS Worldwide Earthquake Catalog is provided by Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). The authors would like to thank the landowners for permission to install seismic stations on their property. In addition, we would like to thank Werner Scherer, Kayla Kroll, Tien-Hui Wang, and Peter Duffner for their help during station services and deployment. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We would like to thank Honn Kao and one other anonymous reviewer for constructive comments that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 203 IS 2 BP 1207 EP 1226 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv337 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CZ1WR UT WOS:000366897100035 ER PT J AU Grace, K Davenport, F Hanson, H Funk, C Shukla, S AF Grace, Kathryn Davenport, Frank Hanson, Heidi Funk, Christopher Shukla, Shraddhanand TI Linking climate change and health outcomes: Examining the relationship between temperature, precipitation and birth weight in Africa SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Africa; Health; Climate; Agriculture ID SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; PRETERM BIRTH; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; RISK-FACTORS; SEASONALITY; PREGNANCY; INFANTS AB This paper examined the relationship between birth weight, precipitation, and temperature in 19 African countries. We matched recorded birth weights from Demographic and Health Surveys covering 1986 through 2010 with gridded monthly precipitation and temperature data derived from satellite and ground-based weather stations. Observed weather patterns during various stages of pregnancy were also used to examine the effect of temperature and precipitation on birth weight outcomes. In our empirical model we allowed the effect of weather factors to vary by the dominant food production strategy (livelihood zone) in a given region as well as by household wealth, mother's education and birth season. This allowed us to determine if certain populations are more or less vulnerable to unexpected weather changes after adjusting for known covariates. Finally we measured effect size by observing differences in birth weight outcomes in women who have one low birth weight experience and at least one healthy birth weight baby. The results indicated that climate does indeed impact birth weight and at a level comparable, in some cases, to the impact of increasing women's education or household electricity status. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grace, Kathryn] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Davenport, Frank; Funk, Christopher; Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hanson, Heidi] Univ Utah, Family & Preventat Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Funk, Christopher; Shukla, Shraddhanand] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Grace, K (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM grace@geog.utah.edu OI Hanson, Heidi/0000-0003-0056-196X NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 EI 1872-9495 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 35 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA CZ0AI UT WOS:000366767100013 ER PT J AU Krusor, C Smith, WA Tinker, MT Silver, M Conrad, PA Shapiro, K AF Krusor, Colin Smith, Woutrina A. Tinker, M. Tim Silver, Mary Conrad, Patricia A. Shapiro, Karen TI Concentration and retention of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by marine snails demonstrate a novel mechanism for transmission of terrestrial zoonotic pathogens in coastal ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FILTER DISSOLUTION METHOD; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS; SURROGATE MICROSPHERES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; MAGNESIUM-CHLORIDE; MAMMALS; MORTALITY; WATER AB The parasite Toxoplasma gondii is an environmentally persistent pathogen that can cause fatal disease in humans, terrestrial warm-blooded animals and aquatic mammals. Although an association between T.gondii exposure and prey specialization on marine snails was identified in threatened California sea otters, the ability of kelp-dwelling snails to transmit terrestrially derived pathogens has not been previously investigated. The objective of this study was to measure concentration and retention of T.gondii by marine snails in laboratory aquaria, and to test for natural T.gondii contamination in field-collected snails. Following exposure to T.gondii-containing seawater, oocysts were detected by microscopy in snail faeces and tissues for 10 and 3 days respectively. Nested polymerase chain reaction was also applied as a method for confirming putative T.gondii oocysts detected in snail faeces and tissues by microscopy. Toxoplasma gondii was not detected in field-collected snails. Results suggest that turban snails are competent transport hosts for T.gondii. By concentrating oocysts in faecal pellets, snails may facilitate entry of T.gondii into the nearshore marine food web. This novel mechanism also represents a general pathway by which marine transmission of terrestrially derived microorganisms can be mediated via pathogen concentration and retention by benthic invertebrates. C1 [Krusor, Colin; Conrad, Patricia A.; Shapiro, Karen] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smith, Woutrina A.; Conrad, Patricia A.; Shapiro, Karen] Univ Calif Davis, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Silver, Mary] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Shapiro, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kshapiro@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-1065990] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology of Infectious Disease program (OCE-1065990). We are grateful to the field teams that supported collections of snails, and specifically acknowledge Don Canestro, Michael Kenner, Mark Kocina, Jim Webb, Matt Smith, Brian Hatfield, Aiko Adell, Joe Tomoleoni, Ben Weitzman, Zach Randell and the Ken Norris Rancho Marino Reserve. We also greatly appreciate assistance from David Dann and Marcel Losekoot in obtaining kelp and filtered seawater for this study. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 17 IS 11 SI SI BP 4527 EP 4537 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12927 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CY1AV UT WOS:000366139500029 PM 26033089 ER PT J AU Bruna, JLG ten Brink, US Munoz-Martin, A Carbo-Gorosabel, A Estrada, PL AF Bruna, J. L. Granja ten Brink, U. S. Munoz-Martin, A. Carbo-Gorosabel, A. Estrada, P. Llanes TI Shallower structure and geomorphology of the southern Puerto Rico offshore margin SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean plate; Puerto Rico; Thrust belt; Accretionary system; Imbricate structure; Normal faults; Block tilting ID VIRGIN-ISLANDS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; CARIBBEAN PLATE; MUERTOS TROUGH; THRUST BELTS; SANDBOX EXPERIMENTS; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; OBLIQUE COLLISION; GPS MEASUREMENTS AB Oblique convergence between the North American and Caribbean plates along the eastern Greater Antilles island arc has yielded the asymmetric Muertos thrust belt in the backarc region. Offshore south of Puerto Rico, this thrust belt disappears and is replaced by a succession of NE-SW- and E-W-trending deep basins and steep ridges that characterize the western Anegada passage, resulting in a complex deformation pattern. Using new high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection profiles, we studied the geomorphology and shallower structure of the southern Puerto Rico offshore margin. We have identified four morphotectonic provinces: the Puerto Rican sub-basin and Muertos trough, the Muertos margin, the insular shelf and the western Anegada passage. The Muertos margin province shows two distinct slope sub-provinces: the active Muertos thrust belt - which includes lower and upper thrust belts with distinct deformational styles and lateral continuity - and the shelf slope highly-incised by a dense canyon network. This network is disrupted by the Investigator fault zone consisting of a 130 km-long E-W-trending band of active extensional deformation. The Investigator fault zone shows differential surface expression caused by along-strike changes in the magnitude and distribution of the deformation, though this deformation is driven by a N-S-oriented extension. In the western Anegada passage province, the Whiting basin and Whiting and Grappler ridges are formed by large dip-slip normal faults driven by a NW-SE-oriented extensional regime. The western St. Croix rise shows a complex structure where the NE-SW-trending NW-dipping normal faults observed at the summit of the rise predate the E-W-bounding faults that could accommodate the extensional deformation at the Present. This study provides detailed observations on the active tectonic and sedimentary processes to help future studies assessing the natural resources and the seismic and tsunamigenic hazard in the Puerto Rico region. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bruna, J. L. Granja; Munoz-Martin, A.; Carbo-Gorosabel, A.; Estrada, P. Llanes] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geodinam, Appl Tectonophys Grp, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [ten Brink, U. S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Munoz-Martin, A.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Geociencias, Consejo Super Invest Cient, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Bruna, JLG (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geodinam, Appl Tectonophys Grp, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM jlgranja@geo.ucm.es RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI GRANJA BRUNA, JOSE-LUIS/0000-0001-8741-5388; ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Munoz-Martin, Alfonso/0000-0002-5302-5119 FU Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science [REN2003-08520, CTM2006-13666, CGL2010-17715]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science (Projects: REN2003-08520; CTM2006-13666 and CGL2010-17715), by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program (Caribbean earthquake and tsunami hazards project). We are indebted to the crew and technicians of the R/V Hesperides, R/V Ron Brown and R/V Pelican for their professional help at sea. The professional work of the technicians of the Unidad de Tecnologia Marina and U.S. Geological Survey is greatly appreciated. Old seismic profiles were provided by The Academic Seismic Portal (UTIG; Shipley et al., 2005), the National Archive of Marine Seismic Surveys (USGS), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), and the Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER). We thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the SRTM90 data used in the onshore regions. We are grateful to Claudia Flores and Dave Foster for technical assistance and seismic data processing and to Bill Danforth, Brian Andrews and Maria Gomez Ballesteros for swath data processing. We express many thanks to L. Seeber for his helpful comments on the earlier versions of the manuscript. Some figures were drafted using free software Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and Smith, 1998). NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 67 BP 30 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.04.014 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CX9ZY UT WOS:000366066500003 ER PT J AU Germino, MJ AF Germino, Matthew J. TI A carbohydrate quandary SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NONSTRUCTURAL CARBON; TISSUES C1 [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1141 EP 1145 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpv109 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CY6MV UT WOS:000366524100001 PM 26507272 ER PT J AU LaBeau, M Mayer, A Griffis, V Watkins, D Robertson, D Gyawali, R AF LaBeau, Meredith Mayer, Alex Griffis, Veronica Watkins, David Robertson, Dale Gyawali, Rabi TI The importance of considering shifts in seasonal changes in discharges when predicting future phosphorus loads in streams SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phosphorous; Climate change; Watersheds ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; WATER-QUALITY LOADS; LONG-TERM; RIVERINE EXPORT; NUTRIENT INPUTS; ERIE; DYNAMICS; TRENDS; CANADA AB In this work, we hypothesize that phosphorus (P) concentrations in streams vary seasonally and with streamflow and that it is important to incorporate this variation when predicting changes in P loading associated with climate change. Our study area includes 14 watersheds with a range of land uses throughout the U.S. Great Lakes Basin. We develop annual seasonal load-discharge regression models for each watershed and apply these models with simulated discharges generated for future climate scenarios to simulate future P loading patterns for two periods: 2046-2065 and 2081-2100. We utilize output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 downscaled climate change projections that are input into the Large Basin Runoff Model to generate future discharge scenarios, which are in turn used as inputs to the seasonal P load regression models. In almost all cases, the seasonal load-discharge models match observed loads better than the annual models. Results using the seasonal models show that the concurrence of nonlinearity in the load-discharge model and changes in high discharges in the spring months leads to the most significant changes in P loading for selected tributaries under future climate projections. These results emphasize the importance of using seasonal models to understand the effects of future climate change on nutrient loads. C1 [LaBeau, Meredith] Calumet Elect, Calumet, MI 49913 USA. [Mayer, Alex; Griffis, Veronica; Watkins, David] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Robertson, Dale] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Gyawali, Rabi] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Mayer, A (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM asmayer@mtu.edu OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0725636] FX This work was supported by award CBET-0725636 from the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank David Saad from the USGS Wisconsin Science Center for data and discussions regarding P loading. We also thank the reviewers of the manuscript for their insightful suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2015 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s10533-015-0149-5 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CX7FU UT WOS:000365868400010 ER PT J AU Raimondi, P Jurgens, LJ Tinker, MT AF Raimondi, Peter Jurgens, Laura J. Tinker, M. Tim TI Evaluating potential conservation conflicts between two listed species: sea otters and black abalone SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; black abalone; Endangered Species Act; multi-species plans; predator-prey dynamics; recovery plans; refuge; sea otter; species interactions ID CALIFORNIA CHANNEL-ISLANDS; HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MASS MORTALITY; SPECIALIZATION; POPULATIONS; LEACH; COAST; DIET AB Population consequences of endangered species interacting as predators and prey have been considered theoretically and legally, but rarely investigated in the field. We examined relationships between spatially variable populations of a predator, the California sea otter, Enhydra lutris nereis, and a prey species, the black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii. Both species are federally listed under the Endangered Species Act and co-occur along the coast of California. We compared the local abundance and habitat distribution of black abalone at 12 sites with varying densities of sea otters. All of the populations of abalone we examined were in the geographic area currently unaffected by withering disease, which has decimated populations south of the study area. Surprisingly, our findings indicate that sea otter density is positively associated with increased black abalone density. The presence of sea otters also correlated with a shift in black abalone to habitat conferring greater refuge, which could decrease illegal human harvest. These results highlight the need for a multi-species approach to conservation management of the two species, and demonstrate the importance of using field-collected data rather than simple trophic assumptions to understand relationships between jointly vulnerable predator and prey populations. C1 [Raimondi, Peter] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Jurgens, Laura J.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Jurgens, Laura J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Raimondi, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM raimondi@ucsc.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; United States Geological Survey (USGS); California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW); National Marine Fisheries Service; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); Kathryn D. Sullivan Research Award FX We thank M. Miner, C. Bell, M. George, D. Lohse, M. Redfield, N. Fletcher, R. Gaddam, K. Ammann, L. Anderson, R. Williams, J. Jurgens, M. Sevier, and R. Spencer for field and data assistance and the University of California Natural Reserve System for site access. This is contribution 451 from the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO). Funding was provided by The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, United States Geological Survey (USGS), California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), National Marine Fisheries Service, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). L. J. Jurgens was supported by a Kathryn D. Sullivan Research Award. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 19 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 BP 3102 EP 3108 DI 10.1890/15-0158.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX2IY UT WOS:000365521600023 PM 27070027 ER PT J AU Birdwell, JE Washburn, KE AF Birdwell, Justin E. Washburn, Kathryn E. TI Rapid Analysis of Kerogen Hydrogen-to-Carbon Ratios in Shale and Mudrocks by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID OIL-SHALE; PYROLYSIS; DISCRIMINATION; MINERALS AB Evaluation of organic matter quality in petroleum source and reservoir rocks is vital for economic, drilling, and production decisions. However, current methods for assessing kerogen quality in shales and mudrocks are either time-intensive and undesirable from a health, safety, and waste-disposal standpoint or indirect measurements of the factors of greatest interest and utility (e.g., kerogen hydrogen content). We present a new approach using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to both directly and quickly measure kerogen hydrogen-to-carbon elemental ratios in shales and mudrocks, providing a rapid means of assessing kerogen quality and thermal maturity with minimal sample processing. Elemental spectral intensities, including hydrogen and carbon, were monitored during LIBS measurements by optical emission spectroscopy, following ablation of a small portion of rock. Changes in the elemental intensities in the spectra over the course of LIBS measurements were then related to H/C ratios determined on isolated kerogens from the rock samples using multivariate analysis. Predicted kerogen H/C ratios from the LIBS measurements of whole rock samples were well-correlated (R-2 = 0.99) to values determined for kerogen isolates measured by elemental analysis. These results demonstrate that LIBS is a promising method for examining kerogen quality and thermal maturity in source and reservoir rocks. Because LIBS does not require samples to be pulverized and can be conducted on sub-millimeter scales, this approach will also allow for highly localized, spatially resolved measurements on heterogeneous geologic samples. C1 [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Washburn, Kathryn E.] Ingrain Inc, Houston, TX 77027 USA. RP Washburn, KE (reprint author), Ingrain Inc, 3733 Westheirner Rd, Houston, TX 77027 USA. EM washburn@ingrainrocks.com OI Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2015 VL 29 IS 11 BP 6999 EP 7004 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01566 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CX1NH UT WOS:000365462400015 ER PT J AU Loughman, ZJ Welsh, SA Fetzner, JW Thoma, RF AF Loughman, Zachary J. Welsh, Stuart A. Fetzner, James W., Jr. Thoma, Roger F. TI CONSERVATION OF IMPERILED CRAYFISH, CAMBARUS VETERANUS (DECAPODA: REPTANTIA: CAMBARIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEADWATER STREAMS; WEST-VIRGINIA; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; LOTIC CRAYFISH; PREDATION RISK; VALLEY FILLS; RIVER-BASIN; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT; KENTUCKY C1 [Loughman, Zachary J.] West Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, West Liberty, WV 26074 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Fetzner, James W., Jr.] Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Sect Invertebrate Zool, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Thoma, Roger F.] Midwest Biodivers Inst, Hilliard, OH 43026 USA. RP Loughman, ZJ (reprint author), West Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, POB 295, West Liberty, WV 26074 USA. EM zloughman@westliberty.edu NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 35 IS 6 BP 850 EP 860 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002383 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CX2XQ UT WOS:000365560500015 ER PT J AU Malakauskas, DM Altman, EC Malakauskas, SJ Thiem, SM Schloesser, DW AF Malakauskas, David M. Altman, Emory C. Malakauskas, Sarah J. Thiem, Suzanne M. Schloesser, Donald W. TI Ribosomal DNA identification of Nosema/Vairimorpha in freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa, from Oregon/California and the Laurentian Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microsporidia; Phylogeny; Klamath River; Lake Erie; Aquatic; Annelid ID CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; KLAMATH RIVER; MICROSPORIDIA; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; PARASITES; HOST AB We examined Manayunkia speciosa individuals from the Klamath River, Oregon/California and Lake Erie, Michigan, USA for the presence of Microsporidia. We identified microsporidian spores and sequenced their SSU, ITS, and part of the LSU rDNA. Phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA indicated spores from both populations belonged to the Nosema/Vairimorpha clade. PCR showed an infection prevalence in Lake Erie M. speciosa of 0.6% (95% Cl = 0.5%, 0.7%). This represents the first known example of molecularly characterized Nosema/Vairimorpha isolates infecting a non-arthropod host. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Malakauskas, David M.; Altman, Emory C.; Malakauskas, Sarah J.] Francis Marion Univ, Dept Biol, Florence, SC 29502 USA. [Thiem, Suzanne M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schloesser, Donald W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Malakauskas, DM (reprint author), Francis Marion Univ, Dept Biol, POB 100547, Florence, SC 29502 USA. EM dmalakauskas@fmarion.edu; ealtman5808@g.fmarion.edu; smalakauskas@fmarion.edu; smthiem@msu.edu; dschloesser@usgs.gov FU Francis Marion University; Department of Entomology at Michigan State University; U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center FX We thank R. Snipes and A. Thompson for lab work, L. Bauer and M. Wilzbach for providing specimens, an anonymous U.S. Geological Survey reviewer, and two additional anonymous reviewers for critiques of an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was funded by contributions from the Francis Marion University Professional Development and REAL grants, the Department of Entomology at Michigan State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. This article is contribution number 1974 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is intended for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 132 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2015.09.004 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CX3WM UT WOS:000365630200008 PM 26386327 ER PT J AU Kamath, PL Haroldson, MA Luikart, G Paetkau, D Whitman, C Van Manen, FT AF Kamath, Pauline L. Haroldson, Mark A. Luikart, Gordon Paetkau, David Whitman, Craig Van Manen, Frank T. TI Multiple estimates of effective population size for monitoring a long-lived vertebrate: an application to Yellowstone grizzly bears SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; effective number of breeders; effective population size; N-e/N-c ratio; population size; wildlife management ID OF-THE-YEAR; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; BROWN BEAR; GENETIC DIVERSITY; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; ALLELE FREQUENCY; SINGLE-SAMPLE; LARGE MAMMALS; URSUS-ARCTOS AB Effective population size (N-e) is a key parameter for monitoring the genetic health of threatened populations because it reflects a population's evolutionary potential and risk of extinction due to genetic stochasticity. However, its application to wildlife monitoring has been limited because it is difficult to measure in natural populations. The isolated and well-studied population of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem provides a rare opportunity to examine the usefulness of different N-e estimators for monitoring. We genotyped 729 Yellowstone grizzly bears using 20 microsatellites and applied three single-sample estimators to examine contemporary trends in generation interval (GI), effective number of breeders (N-b) and N-e during 1982-2007. We also used multisample methods to estimate variance (N-eV) and inbreeding N-e (N-eI). Single-sample estimates revealed positive trajectories, with over a fourfold increase in N-e (approximate to 100 to 450) and near doubling of the GI (approximate to 8 to 14) from the 1980s to 2000s. N-eV (240-319) and N-eI (256) were comparable with the harmonic mean single-sample N-e (213) over the time period. Reanalysing historical data, we found N-eV increased from approximate to 80 in the 1910s-1960s to approximate to 280 in the contemporary population. The estimated ratio of effective to total census size (N-e/N-c) was stable and high (0.42-0.66) compared to previous brown bear studies. These results support independent demographic evidence for Yellowstone grizzly bear population growth since the 1980s. They further demonstrate how genetic monitoring of N-e can complement demographic-based monitoring of N-c and vital rates, providing a valuable tool for wildlife managers. C1 [Kamath, Pauline L.; Haroldson, Mark A.; Whitman, Craig; Van Manen, Frank T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Paetkau, David] Wildlife Genet Int, Nelson, BC V1L 5P9, Canada. RP Kamath, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pkamath@usgs.gov RI Kamath, Pauline/H-1358-2013 OI Kamath, Pauline/0000-0002-6458-4514 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; NSF [DEB-1258203]; NASA [NNX14AB84G] FX We thank Chris Servheen and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for providing funding for this study, Lisette Waits and Craig Miller for historical genotype data, and Per Jorde for discussions regarding analyses. We are especially grateful to Robin Waples for valuable discussions regarding technical considerations of effective population size estimators. Cecily Costello, Robert Wayne and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on previous drafts of the article. We further thank the member agencies of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team for their continued support and commitment to providing GYE grizzly bear samples for genotyping: U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service; U.S. Forest Service; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Idaho Fish and Game; and the Wind River Fish and Game Departments of the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes. Marta De Barba provided comments as part of the USGS Fundamental Science Practices. GL was supported by grants from NSF (DEB-1258203) and NASA (NNX14AB84G). This study complied with current laws of the United States of America was conducted in accordance with animal care and use guidelines and was approved by the U.S. Geological Survey Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 99 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 24 IS 22 BP 5507 EP 5521 DI 10.1111/mec.13398 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CX5QN UT WOS:000365757300003 PM 26510936 ER PT J AU White, TH Barros, YD Develey, PF Llerandi-Roman, IC Monsegur-Rivera, OA Trujillo-Pinto, AM AF White, Thomas H., Jr. Barros, Yara de Melo Develey, Pedro F. Llerandi-Roman, Ivan C. Monsegur-Rivera, Omar A. Trujillo-Pinto, Ana M. TI Improving reintroduction planning and implementation through quantitative SWOT analysis SO JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Ecological restoration; Quality assessment; Risk mitigation; Site selection; Resource allocation; Pre-release protocol ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; EXPERT KNOWLEDGE; DECISION-SUPPORT; IUCN GUIDELINES; CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; HABITAT; LAND; CONSEQUENCES AB Recent decades have seen increasing use and importance of translocations and reintroductions as tools for species' conservation and ecological restorations. Most such efforts face substantial logistical complexities and high costs, both biological and financial. These and other challenges have contributed to numerous failures or partial successes of reintroductions, a trend which has improved little over time. Given the negative ramifications of reintroduction failures, practitioners have adopted or developed numerous analytical and procedural methods in efforts to promote successful outcomes. However, many such methods are often ad hoc or taxon-specific, particularly regarding the evaluation and selection of reintroduction areas and sites. Despite the recognized importance of this phase of reintroduction planning, there is to date no comprehensive methodology for selecting suitable reintroduction sites. We describe in detail the application of quantitative SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis for objectively evaluating candidate reintroduction areas or sites, and how results of this analysis are used for identifying the most effective and efficient management actions for promoting reintroduction success. We use examples drawn from recent reintroduction plans for three avian species in Puerto Rico (1) and Brazil (2) to illustrate specific methodologies used as well as the results obtained and their application to the reintroduction planning and implementation process. From our findings, quantitative SWOT analysis is a simple, versatile, repeatable and intuitive method for reintroduction area and site selection. The method also provides a valuable mechanism for evaluating and prioritizing management actions relative to their efficiency and effectiveness for achieving reintroduction objectives. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Develey, Pedro F.] BirdLife SAVE Brasil, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Llerandi-Roman, Ivan C.; Monsegur-Rivera, Omar A.] Wildlife Div, Puerto Rico Dept Nat & Environm Resources, San Juan, PR 00929 USA. [Trujillo-Pinto, Ana M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Environm Sci, Rio Piedras, PR 00936 USA. RP White, TH (reprint author), USFWS, POB 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. EM thomas_white@fws.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service-El Yunque National Forest; Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources; Foz Tropicana Parque das Ayes; BirdLife/SAVE Brasil; ICMBio; FUNBIO; Vale S.A. FX We are grateful to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Forest Service-El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Foz Tropicana Parque das Ayes, BirdLife/SAVE Brasil, ICMBio, FUNBIO and Vale S.A. for financial and logistical support of this study. We also thank all those who participated as SWOT assessment team members in Puerto Rico and Brazil. Jaime Collazo, Cathal O'Mahony and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions for improving earlier versions of this paper. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1617-1381 EI 1618-1093 J9 J NAT CONSERV JI J. Nat. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 28 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jac.2015.10.002 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX0HR UT WOS:000365378000016 ER PT J AU Warren, E Bekins, BA AF Warren, Ean Bekins, Barbara A. TI Relating subsurface temperature changes to microbial activity at a crude oil-contaminated site SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial biodegradation; Heat; Temperature; Groundwater; Unsaturated zone; Crude oil ID SPILL SITE; HEAT-GENERATION; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; SOIL; BIODEGRADATION; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; MICROCALORIMETRY; CALORIMETRY AB Crude oil at a spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota has been undergoing aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation for over 30 years, creating a 150-200 m plume of primary and secondary contaminants. Microbial degradation generates heat that should be measurable under the right conditions. To measure this heat, thermistors were installed in wells in the saturated zone and in water-filled monitoring tubes in the unsaturated zone. In the saturated zone, a thermal groundwater plume originates near the residual oil body with temperatures ranging from 2.9 degrees C above background near the oil to 1.2 degrees C down gradient. Temperatures in the unsaturated zone above the oil body were up to 2.7 degrees C more than background temperatures. Previous work at this site has shown that methane produced from biodegradation of the oil migrates upward and is oxidized in a methanotrophic zone midway between the water table and the surface. Enthalpy calculations and observations demonstrate that the temperature increases primarily result from aerobic methane oxidation in the unsaturated zone above the oil. Methane oxidation rates at the site independently estimated from surface CO2 efflux data are comparable to rates estimated from the observed temperature increases. The results indicate that temperature may be useful as a lowcost measure of activity but care is required to account for the correct heat-generating reactions, other heat sources and the effects of focused recharge. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Warren, Ean; Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Warren, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ewarren@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program; National Crude Oil Spill Fate; Natural Attenuation Research Site; collaborative venture of the U.S. Geological Survey; Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; Beltrami County, Minnesota FX The U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the National Research Program supported this work. Partial funding for this project was provided by the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the U.S. Geological Survey, Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and Beltrami County, Minnesota. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 182 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.09.007 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA CX0HG UT WOS:000365376900015 PM 26409188 ER PT J AU Hare, DK Briggs, MA Rosenberry, DO Boutt, DF Lane, JW AF Hare, Danielle K. Briggs, Martin A. Rosenberry, Donald O. Boutt, David F. Lane, John W. TI A comparison of thermal infrared to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing for evaluation of groundwater discharge to surface water SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater seepage; Heat tracing; Streams; Infrared; Distributed temperature sensing; Groundwater/surface water interactions ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; STREAM TEMPERATURE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; DELAWARE RIVER; LOWLAND RIVER; EXCHANGE; FLOW; HEAT; UNCERTAINTY; PATTERNS AB Groundwater has a predictable thermal signature that can be used to locate discrete zones of discharge to surface water. As climate warms, surface water with strong groundwater influence will provide habitat stability and refuge for thermally stressed aquatic species, and is therefore critical to locate and protect. Alternatively, these discrete seepage locations may serve as potential point sources of contaminants from polluted aquifers. This study compares two increasingly common heat tracing methods to locate discrete groundwater discharge: direct-contact measurements made with fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) and remote sensing measurements collected with thermal infrared (TIR) cameras. FO-DTS is used to make high spatial resolution (typically m) thermal measurements through time within the water column using temperature-sensitive cables. The spatial temporal data can be analyzed with statistical measures to reveal zones of groundwater influence, however, the personnel requirements, time to install, and time to georeference the cables can be burdensome, and the control units need constant calibration. In contrast, TIR data collection, either from handheld, airborne, or satellite platforms, can quickly capture point-in-time evaluations of groundwater seepage zones across large scales. However the remote nature of TIR measurements means they can be adversely influenced by a number of environmental and physical factors, and the measurements are limited to the surface "skin" temperature of water features. We present case studies from a range of lentic to lotic aquatic systems to identify capabilities and limitations of both technologies and highlight situations in which one or the other might be a better instrument choice for locating groundwater discharge. FO-DTS performs well in all systems across seasons, but data collection was limited spatially by practical considerations of cable installation. TIR is found to consistently locate groundwater seepage zones above and along the streambank, but submerged seepage zones are only well identified in shallow systems (e.g. <0.5 m depth) with moderate flow. Winter data collection, when groundwater is relatively warm and buoyant, increases the water surface expression of discharge zones in shallow systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hare, Danielle K.; Boutt, David F.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hare, Danielle K.; Briggs, Martin A.; Lane, John W.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Cent Branch, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Hare, DK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, 611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM danielle.hare@aecom.com OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU Tidmarsh Farms Living Observatory; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR-0901480] FX Funding for these studies was provided by the Tidmarsh Farms Living Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources and Toxic Substance Hydrology Programs, and the National Science Foundation (EAR-0901480). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 530 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.059 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CW5QD UT WOS:000365050600013 ER PT J AU Hively, WD Duiker, S McCarty, G Prabhakara, K AF Hively, W. D. Duiker, S. McCarty, G. Prabhakara, K. TI Remote sensing to monitor cover crop adoption in southeastern Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE cover crop; Landsat; nitrogen; normalized difference vegetation index; remote sensing; satellite ID LANDSAT-TM DATA; RESIDUE COVER; WHEAT RESIDUE; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL; REFLECTANCE; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; INDEXES AB In the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, winter cereal cover crops are often planted in rotation with summer crops to reduce the loss of nutrients and sediment from agricultural systems. Cover crops can also improve soil health, control weeds and pests, supplement forage needs, and support resilient cropping systems. In southeastern Pennsylvania, cover crops can be successfully established following corn (Zea mays L.) silage harvest and are strongly promoted for use in this niche. They are also planted following corn grain, soybean (Glycine max L.), and vegetable harvest. In Pennsylvania, the use of winter cover crops for agricultural conservation has been supported through a combination of outreach, regulation, and incentives. On-farm implementation is thought to be increasing, but the actual extent of cover crops is not well quantified. Satellite imagery can be used to map green winter cover crop vegetation on agricultural fields and, when integrated with additional remote sensing data products, can be used to evaluate wintertime vegetative groundcover following specific summer crops. This study used Landsat and SPOT (System Probatoire d' Observation de la Terre) satellite imagery, in combination with the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer, to evaluate the extent and amount of green wintertime vegetation on agricultural fields in four Pennsylvania counties (Berks, Lebanon, Lancaster, and York) from 2010 to 2013. In December of 2010, a windshield survey was conducted to collect baseline data on winter cover crop implementation, with particular focus on identifying corn harvested for silage (expected earlier harvest date and lower levels of crop residue), versus for grain (expected later harvest date and higher levels of crop residue). Satellite spectral indices were successfully used to detect both the amount of green vegetative groundcover and the amount of crop residue on the surveyed fields. Analysis of wintertime satellite imagery showed consistent increases in vegetative groundcover over the four-year study period and determined that trends did not result from annual weather variability, indicating that farmers are increasing adoption of practices such as cover cropping that promote wintertime vegetation. Between 2010 and 2013, the occurrence of wintertime vegetation on agricultural fields increased from 36% to 67% of corn fields in Berks County, from 53% to 75% in Lancaster County, from 42% to 65% in Lebanon County, and from 26% to 52% in York County. Apparently, efforts to promote cover crop use in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed have coincided with a rapid increase in the occurrence of wintertime vegetation following corn harvest in southeastern Pennsylvania. However, despite these increases, between 25% and 48% of corn fields remained without substantial green vegetation over the wintertime, indicating further opportunity for cover crop adoption. C1 [Hively, W. D.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Duiker, S.] Penn State Univ, Soil Management & Appl Soil Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [McCarty, G.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Prabhakara, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hively, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. FU US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program; USDA Choptank River Conservation Effects Assessment Project; Chesapeake Bay Innovative Nutrient and Sediment Reduction grant FX Thank you to the county extension agents in Pennsylvania who took time to collect the windshield survey data, to University of Maryland geography graduate student Mouhamad Diabate for technical support, and to Roosevelt High School Science and Technology student interns Tolulope Adetayo and Collette Harding for digitizing the windshield survey data. We are grateful to Craig Daughtry, research agronomist with the USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, and to an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful input for manuscript revisions. This project was supported by the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program, the USDA Choptank River Conservation Effects Assessment Project, and by a Chesapeake Bay Innovative Nutrient and Sediment Reduction grant administered by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The data supporting this manuscript are available at https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/folder/5513353ce4b02e76d75c0993. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 70 IS 6 BP 340 EP 352 DI 10.2489/jswc.70.6.340 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA CW3UO UT WOS:000364917700007 ER PT J AU Klotsko, S Driscoll, N Kent, G Brothers, D AF Klotsko, Shannon Driscoll, Neal Kent, Graham Brothers, Daniel TI Continental shelf morphology and stratigraphy offshore San Onofre, California: The interplay between rates of eustatic change and sediment supply SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE San Onofre; Continental margin processes; Cristianitos Fault; CHIRP seismic; Transgressive deposits; Sediment controls ID WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; CANYON FAULT ZONE; TRANSGRESSIVE DEPOSITS; SEA-LEVEL; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; NEW-YORK; BORDERLAND; DIEGO; VARIABILITY AB New high-resolution CHIRP seismic data acquired offshore San Onofre, southern California reveal that shelf sediment distribution and thickness are primarily controlled by eustatic sea level rise and sediment supply. Throughout the majority of the study region, a prominent abrasion platform and associated shoreline cutoff are observed in the subsurface from similar to 72 to 53 m below present sea level. These erosional features appear to have formed between Melt Water Pulse 1A and Melt Water Pulse 1B, when the rate of sea-level rise was lower. There are three distinct sedimentary units mapped above a regional angular unconformity interpreted to be the Holocene transgressive surface in the seismic data. Unit I, the deepest unit, is interpreted as a lag deposit that infills a topographic low associated with an abrasion platform. Unit I thins seaward by downlap and pinches out landward against the shoreline cutoff. Unit II is a mid-shelf lag deposit formed from shallower eroded material and thins seaward by downlap and landward by onlap. The youngest, Unit III, is interpreted to represent modern sediment deposition. Faults in the study area do not appear to offset the transgressive surface. The Newport Inglewood/Rose Canyon fault system is active in other regions to the south (e.g., La Jolla) where it offsets the transgressive surface and creates seafloor relief. Several shoals observed along the transgressive surface could record minor deformation due to fault activity in the study area. Nevertheless, our preferred interpretation is that the shoals are regions more resistant to erosion during marine transgression. The Cristianitos fault zone also causes a shoaling of the transgressive surface. This may be from resistant antecedent topography due to an early phase of compression on the fault. The Cristianitos fault zone was previously defined as a down-to-the-north normal fault, but the folding and faulting architecture imaged in the CHIRP data are more consistent with a strike-slip fault with a down-to-the-northwest dip-slip component. A third area of shoaling is observed off of San Mateo and San Onofre creeks. This shoaling has a constructional component and could be a relict delta or beach structure. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Klotsko, Shannon; Driscoll, Neal] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kent, Graham] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Brothers, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Klotsko, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sklotsko@ucsd.edu FU National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144086] FX Support for SK was provided by the National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-1144086). Support for data acquisition and processing was provided by Southern California Edison. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and J.E. Conrad greatly improved the manuscript NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 369 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2015.08.003 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA CW5VP UT WOS:000365065000009 ER PT J AU George, DA Largier, JL Storlazzi, CD Barnard, PL AF George, D. A. Largier, J. L. Storlazzi, C. D. Barnard, P. L. TI Classification of rocky headlands in California with relevance to littoral cell boundary delineation SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Headlands; Sediment transport; Littoral cell boundaries; Classification ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; COASTAL REGIONS; EDDY FORMATION; EL-NINO; BAY; BEACH; CIRCULATION; WALES AB Despite extensive studies of hydrodynamics and sediment flux along beaches, there is little information on the processes, pathways and timing of water and sediment transport around rocky headlands. In this study, headlands along the California coast are classified to advance understanding of headland dynamics and littoral cell boundaries in support of improved coastal management decisions. Geomorphological parameters for 78 headlands were quantified from geological maps, remote-sensing imagery, navigational charts, and shoreline geospatial databases. K-means cluster analysis grouped the headlands into eight distinct classes based on headland perimeter, bathymetric slope ratio, and the headland apex angle. Wave data were used to investigate the potential for sediment transport around the headland types and determine the efficacy of the headland as a littoral cell boundary. Four classes of headland appear to function well as littoral cell boundaries, with headland size (e.g., perimeter or area) and a marked change in nearshore bathymetry across the headland being relevant attributes. About half of the traditional California littoral cell boundaries align with headland classes that are expected to perform poorly in blocking alongshore sediment transport, calling into question these boundaries. Better definition of these littoral cell boundaries is important for regional sediment management decisions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [George, D. A.; Largier, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Storlazzi, C. D.; Barnard, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP George, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, POB 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. EM dgeorge@ucdavis.edu FU Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group at the University of California Davis; US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This work was supported by the Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group at the University of California Davis and by the US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program. The authors wish to thank Elena Vandebroek (Delft), Dennis Hall (NOAA), and Dewberry for providing geospatial technical assistance and data and Li Erikson (USGS) for providing the wave data for the paper. Discussions regarding geomorphology with Rocko Brown (UCD) and cluster analysis with Christie Hegermiller (UCSC) helped guide this research. The manuscript was improved by review from Bruce Jaffe (USGS), Edward Thornton (NPS), and an anonymous reviewer. The use of trademark names does not suggest USGS endorsement of products. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 369 BP 137 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2015.08.010 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA CW5VP UT WOS:000365065000011 ER PT J AU Anderegg, WRL Hicke, JA Fisher, RA Allen, CD Aukema, J Bentz, B Hood, S Lichstein, JW Macalady, AK McDowell, N Pan, YD Raffa, K Sala, A Shaw, JD Stephenson, NL Tague, C Zeppel, M AF Anderegg, William R. L. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Fisher, Rosie A. Allen, Craig D. Aukema, Juliann Bentz, Barbara Hood, Sharon Lichstein, Jeremy W. Macalady, Alison K. McDowell, Nate Pan, Yude Raffa, Kenneth Sala, Anna Shaw, John D. Stephenson, Nathan L. Tague, Christina Zeppel, Melanie TI Tree mortality from drought, insects, and their interactions in a changing climate SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks; carbon cycle; disturbance; dynamic global vegetation model; trophic interactions ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; FOREST DIE-OFF; SPRUCE BUDWORM; BARK BEETLES; SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO; VEGETATION MORTALITY AB Climate change is expected to drive increased tree mortality through drought, heat stress, and insect attacks, with manifold impacts on forest ecosystems. Yet, climate-induced tree mortality and biotic disturbance agents are largely absent from process-based ecosystem models. Using data sets from the western USA and associated studies, we present a framework for determining the relative contribution of drought stress, insect attack, and their interactions, which is critical for modeling mortality in future climates. We outline a simple approach that identifies the mechanisms associated with two guilds of insects - bark beetles and defoliators - which are responsible for substantial tree mortality. We then discuss cross-biome patterns of insect-driven tree mortality and draw upon available evidence contrasting the prevalence of insect outbreaks in temperate and tropical regions. We conclude with an overview of tools and promising avenues to address major challenges. Ultimately, a multitrophic approach that captures tree physiology, insect populations, and tree-insect interactions will better inform projections of forest ecosystem responses to climate change. C1 [Anderegg, William R. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Fisher, Rosie A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Aukema, Juliann] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Bentz, Barbara] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Hood, Sharon; Sala, Anna] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lichstein, Jeremy W.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Macalady, Alison K.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [McDowell, Nate] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Pan, Yude] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Raffa, Kenneth] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Shaw, John D.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Tague, Christina] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zeppel, Melanie] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Anderegg, WRL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM anderegg@princeton.edu RI Hood, Sharon/E-5209-2015; OI Hood, Sharon/0000-0002-9544-8208; Zeppel, Melanie/0000-0002-5510-0936 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center - NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; NCEAS; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of the USDA National institute of Food and Agriculture [2013-67003-20652]; United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate Research and Development Program through the Western Mountain Initiative; Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center from the USGS [G12AC20481]; US Geological Survey FX This work was conducted as part of the Tree Mortality Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the NSF (grant no. EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Additional support was also provided for J.A., the NCEAS Postdoctoral Associate in the Group. W.R.L.A. was supported in part by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral fellowship, administered by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research. J.A.H. was supported by a grant from the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of the USDA National institute of Food and Agriculture (grant no. 2013-67003-20652), the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate Research and Development Program through the Western Mountain Initiative, and the Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center through a Cooperative Agreement (G12AC20481) from the USGS. We also acknowledge the support of the US Geological Survey's Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change mission areas. NR 106 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 41 U2 156 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 208 IS 3 BP 674 EP 683 DI 10.1111/nph.13477 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CX0MX UT WOS:000365392100007 PM 26058406 ER PT J AU Hobbs, NT Geremia, C Treanor, J Wallen, R White, PJ Hooten, MB Rhyan, JC AF Hobbs, N. Thompson Geremia, Chris Treanor, John Wallen, Rick White, P. J. Hooten, Mevin B. Rhyan, Jack C. TI State-space modeling to support management of brucellosis in the Yellowstone bison population SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; basic reproductive ratio; Bayesian state-space models; Bison bison; Brucella abortus; brucellosis; disease transmission; ecological forecasting; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; USA; host-parasite dynamics; serology; uncertainty ID FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION ASSAY; NATIONAL-PARK; BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS; PROTECTED AREAS; QUANTITATIVE SEROLOGY; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; TRANSMISSION; CATTLE AB The bison (Bison bison) of the Yellowstone ecosystem, USA, exemplify the difficulty of conserving large mammals that migrate across the boundaries of conservation areas. Bison are infected with brucellosis (Brucella abortus) and their seasonal movements can expose livestock to infection. Yellowstone National Park has embarked on a program of adaptive management of bison, which requires a model that assimilates data to support management decisions. We constructed a Bayesian state-space model to reveal the influence of brucellosis on the Yellowstone bison population. A frequency-dependent model of brucellosis transmission was superior to a density-dependent model in predicting out-of-sample observations of horizontal transmission probability. A mixture model including both transmission mechanisms converged on frequency dependence. Conditional on the frequency-dependent model, brucellosis median transmission rate was 1.87 yr(-1). The median of the posterior distribution of the basic reproductive ratio (R-0) was 1.75. Seroprevalence of adult females varied around 60% over two decades, but only 9.6 of 100 adult females were infectious. Brucellosis depressed recruitment; estimated population growth rate averaged 1.07 for an infected population and 1.11 for a healthy population. We used five-year forecasting to evaluate the ability of different actions to meet management goals relative to no action. Annually removing 200 seropositive female bison increased by 30-fold the probability of reducing seroprevalence below 40% and increased by a factor of 120 the probability of achieving a 50% reduction in transmission probability relative to no action. Annually vaccinating 200 seronegative animals increased the likelihood of a 50% reduction in transmission probability by fivefold over no action. However, including uncertainty in the ability to implement management by representing stochastic variation in the number of accessible bison dramatically reduced the probability of achieving goals using interventions relative to no action. Because the width of the posterior predictive distributions of future population states expands rapidly with increases in the forecast horizon, managers must accept high levels of uncertainty. These findings emphasize the necessity of iterative, adaptive management with relatively short-term commitment to action and frequent reevaluation in response to new data and model forecasts. We believe our approach has broad applications. C1 [Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Geremia, Chris; Treanor, John; Wallen, Rick; White, P. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rhyan, Jack C.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Hobbs, NT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Tom.Hobbs@colostate.edu RI Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 FU National Park Service (Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit) [H120009004]; Yellowstone Park Foundation; National Science Foundation [EF 0914489, DBI-1052875]; National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) FX N. T. Hobbs received support from the National Park Service (Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit H120009004), the Yellowstone Park Foundation, the National Science Foundation (Award EF 0914489), and the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), National Science Foundation award DBI-1052875). Paul Cross and Mandan Oli made helpful suggestions on the modeling. Comments by Aaron Ellison, Michael Lavine, Robin Russell, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 14 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 85 IS 4 BP 525 EP 556 DI 10.1890/14-1413.1 PG 32 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW4LF UT WOS:000364962200003 ER PT J AU Wong, CI Banner, JL Musgrove, M AF Wong, Corinne I. Banner, Jay L. Musgrove, MaryLynn TI Holocene climate variability in Texas, USA: An integration of existing paleoclimate data and modeling with a new, high-resolution speleothem record SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Speleothem; Holocene; Texas; Paleoclimate reconstruction ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; STABLE-ISOTOPE VARIATIONS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS AB Delineating the climate processes governing precipitation variability in drought-prone Texas is critical for predicting and mitigating climate change effects, and requires the reconstruction of past climate beyond the instrumental record. We synthesize existing paleoclimate proxy data and climate simulations to provide an overview of climate variability in Texas during the Holocene. Conditions became progressively warmer and drier transitioning from the early to mid Holocene, culminating between 7 and 3 ka (thousand years ago), and were more variable during the late Holocene. The timing and relative magnitude of Holocene climate variability, however, is poorly constrained owing to considerable variability among the different records. To help address this, we present a new speleothem (NBJ) reconstruction from a central Texas cave that comprises the highest resolution proxy record to date, spanning the mid to late Holocene. NBJ trace-element concentrations indicate variable moisture conditions with no clear temporal trend. There is a decoupling between NBJ growth rate, trace-element concentrations, and delta O-18 values, which indicate that (i) the often direct relation between speleothem growth rate and moisture availability is likely complicated by changes in the overlying ecosystem that affect subsurface CO2 production, and (ii) speleothem delta O-18 variations likely reflect changes in moisture source (i.e., proportion of Pacific-vs. Gulf of Mexico-derived moisture) that appear not to be linked to moisture amount. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wong, Corinne I.] Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Banner, Jay L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Musgrove, MaryLynn] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, El Paso, TX USA. RP Wong, CI (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM wongcw@bc.edu OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864; Wong, Corinne/0000-0002-1301-3500 FU Environmental Science Institute; Jackson School of Geosciences; NSF P2C2 Program [ATM-0823665]; EPA's STAR Fellowship Program [FP917114]; California Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship; Philanthropic Educational Organization FX We thank the Natural Bridge Caverns for access. Research was supported by the Environmental Science Institute, Jackson School of Geosciences, NSF P2C2 Program (ATM-0823665), EPA's STAR Fellowship Program (FP917114), California Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship, and Philanthropic Educational Organization. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript benefitted from suggestions from Benjamin F. Hardt and two anonymous reviewers. NR 135 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 127 SI SI BP 155 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.06.023 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CW3JK UT WOS:000364888400011 ER PT J AU Pimm, SL Alibhai, S Bergl, R Dehgan, A Giri, C Jewell, Z Joppa, L Kays, R Loarie, S AF Pimm, Stuart L. Alibhai, Sky Bergl, Richard Dehgan, Alex Giri, Chandra Jewell, Zoe Joppa, Lucas Kays, Roland Loarie, Scott TI Emerging Technologies to Conserve Biodiversity SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES; EARTH OBSERVATION; WILDLIFE; KNOWLEDGE; ECOLOGY; FUTURE; OPPORTUNITIES; INDIVIDUALS; POPULATION; CHALLENGES AB Technologies to identify individual animals, follow their movements, identify and locate animal and plant species, and assess the status of their habitats remotely have become better, faster, and cheaper as threats to the survival of species are increasing. New technologies alone do not save species, and new data create new problems. For example, improving technologies alone cannot prevent poaching: solutions require providing appropriate tools to the right people. Habitat loss is another driver: the challenge here is to connect existing sophisticated remote sensing with species occurrence data to predict where species remain. Other challenges include assembling a wider public to crowdsource data, managing the massive quantities of data generated, and developing solutions to rapidly emerging threats. C1 [Pimm, Stuart L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Alibhai, Sky; Jewell, Zoe] WildTrack Inc, JMP Div, SAS Inst, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Bergl, Richard] North Carolina Zool Pk, Asheboro, NC 27401 USA. [Dehgan, Alex] Conservat X Labs, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Giri, Chandra] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, US Geol Survey, EROS, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Joppa, Lucas] Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Kays, Roland] North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. [Kays, Roland] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Loarie, Scott] Calif Acad Sci, iNaturalist Dept, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Pimm, SL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM stuartpimm@me.com NR 83 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 18 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 30 IS 11 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.008 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CW3KQ UT WOS:000364891600009 PM 26437636 ER PT J AU Miller, LG Baesman, SM Oremland, RS AF Miller, Laurence G. Baesman, Shaun M. Oremland, Ronald S. TI Stable Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Bacterial Acetylene Fermentation: Potential for Life Detection in Hydrocarbon-Rich Volatiles of Icy Planet(oid)s SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acetylene; Fermentation; Isotope fractionation; Enceladus; Life detection ID EARTHS EARLY ATMOSPHERE; ZERO-VALENT IRON; METHYL-BROMIDE; PELOBACTER-ACETYLENICUS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; SP-NOV; METHANE; OXIDATION; DEGRADATION; ENCELADUS AB We report the first study of stable carbon isotope fractionation during microbial fermentation of acetylene (C2H2) in sediments, sediment enrichments, and bacterial cultures. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) averaged 3.7 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand for slurries prepared with sediment collected at an intertidal mudflat in San Francisco Bay and 2.7 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand for a pure culture of Pelobacter sp. isolated from these sediments. A similar KIE of 1.8 +/- 0.7 parts per thousand was obtained for methanogenic enrichments derived from sediment collected at freshwater Searsville Lake, California. However, C2H2 uptake by a highly enriched mixed culture (strain SV7) obtained from Searsville Lake sediments resulted in a larger KIE of 9.0 +/- 0.7 parts per thousand. These are modest KIEs when compared with fractionation observed during oxidation of C-1 compounds such as methane and methyl halides but are comparable to results obtained with other C-2 compounds. These observations may be useful in distinguishing biologically active processes operating at distant locales in the Solar System where C2H2 is present. These locales include the surface of Saturn's largest moon Titan and the vaporous water- and hydrocarbon-rich jets emanating from Enceladus. Key Words: AcetyleneFermentationIsotope fractionationEnceladusLife detection. Astrobiology 15, 977-986. C1 [Miller, Laurence G.; Baesman, Shaun M.; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Miller, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lgmiller@usgs.gov FU NASA Astrobiology/Exobiology; USGS NRP FX We thank Steve Silva and Sara Peek of the Kendall Isotope Lab for help with method development for KIE measurements. We are indebted to Jodi Blum, Shelley McCann, and Stacy Bennett for assistance in the laboratory. Mark Waldrop and Christopher H. Conaway reviewed an earlier version of this manuscript. Support from NASA Astrobiology/Exobiology and USGS NRP is greatly appreciated. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 11 BP 977 EP 986 DI 10.1089/ast.2015.1355 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA CW1ZK UT WOS:000364790500004 PM 26539733 ER PT J AU Spehar, SN Loken, B Rayadin, Y Royle, JA AF Spehar, Stephanie N. Loken, Brent Rayadin, Yaya Royle, J. Andrew TI Comparing spatial capture-recapture modeling and nest count methods to estimate orangutan densities in the Wehea Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Pongo pygmaeus morio; Population density; Camera trapping; Spatial capture-recapture models; Nest surveys ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; PONGO-PYGMAEUS-WURMBII; CAMERA TRAPS; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; NATIONAL-PARK; SWAMP FOREST; CONSERVATION; BEHAVIOR; CENSUS; BIODIVERSITY AB Accurate information on the density and abundance of animal populations is essential for understanding species'. ecology and for conservation planning, but is difficult to obtain. The endangered orangutan (Pongo spp.) is an example; due to its elusive behavior and low densities, researchers have relied on methods that convert nest counts to orangutan densities and require substantial effort for reliable results. Camera trapping and spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models could provide an alternative but have not been used for primates. We compared density estimates calculated using the two methods for orangutans in the Wehea Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Camera trapping/SCR modeling produced a density estimate of 0.16 +/- 0.09-0.29 indiv/km(2), and nest counts produced a density estimate of 1.05 +/- 0.18-6.01 indiv/km(2). The large confidence interval of the nest count estimate is probably due to high variance in nest encounter rates, indicating the need for larger sample size and the substantial effort required to produce reliable results using this method. The SCR estimate produced a very low density estimate and had a narrower but still fairly wide confidence interval. This was likely due to unmodeled heterogeneity and small sample size, specifically a low number of individual captures and recaptures. We propose methodological fixes that could address these issues and improve precision. A comparison of the overall costs and benefits of the two methods suggests that camera trapping/SCR modeling can potentially be a useful tool for assessing the densities of orangutans and other elusive primates, and warrant further investigation to determine broad applicability and methodological adjustments needed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Spehar, Stephanie N.] Univ Wisconsin, Anthropol Program, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Loken, Brent] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Loken, Brent] Integrated Conservat, Oak Harbor, WA USA. [Rayadin, Yaya] Ecol & Conservat Ctr Trop Studies ECOSITROP, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. [Rayadin, Yaya] Mulawarman Univ, Fac Forestry, Biodivers Conservat Lab, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Spehar, SN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Anthropol Program, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM spehars@uwosh.edu OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship; Pierre Elliot Trudeau Foundation; LUSH Cosmetics [CPCT026]; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Integrated Conservation; University of Wisconsin Oshkosh [FDR779]; Rufford Small Grants Foundation [11266-B]; Orangutan Land Trust FX Financial support for this research was provided by the following institutions and funding agencies: Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, Pierre Elliot Trudeau Foundation, LUSH Cosmetics (CPCT026), Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Integrated Conservation, the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh (FDR779), the Rufford Small Grants Foundation (11266-B), and the Orangutan Land Trust. These funders only provided financial support and were not involved in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 191 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.05.013 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4SP UT WOS:000364257100021 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Kinlan, BP Sussman, A Rypkema, D Wimer, M O'Connell, AF AF Zipkin, Elise F. Kinlan, Brian P. Sussman, Allison Rypkema, Diana Wimer, Mark O'Connell, Allan F. TI Statistical guidelines for assessing marine avian hotspots and coldspots: A case study on wind energy development in the US Atlantic Ocean SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Marine spatial planning; Model selection; Power analysis; Seabirds; Sampling design; Wind energy development ID GROUP-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; POWER-LAW; SEA; BIRD; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; SEABIRDS; FARMS; AREAS; MODEL AB Estimating patterns of habitat use is challenging for marine avian species because seabirds tend to aggregate in large groups and it can be difficult to locate both individuals and groups in vast marine environments. We developed an approach to estimate the statistical power of discrete survey events to identify species-specific hotspots and coldspots of long-term seabird abundance in marine environments. We illustrate our approach using historical seabird data from survey transects in the US. Atlantic Ocean Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), an area that has been divided into "lease blocks" for proposed offshore wind energy development. For our power analysis, we examined whether discrete lease blocks within the region could be defined as hotspots (3 x mean abundance in the OCS) or coldspots (1/3 x) for individual species within a given season. For each of 74 species/season combinations, we determined which of eight candidate statistical distributions (ranging in their degree of skewedness) best fit the count data. We then used the selected distribution and estimates of regional prevalence to calculate and map statistical power to detect hotspots and coldspots, and estimate the p-value from Monte Carlo significance tests that specific lease blocks are in fact hotspots or coldspots relative to regional average abundance. The power to detect species-specific hotspots was higher than that of coldspots for most species because species-specific prevalence was relatively low (mean: 0.111; SD: 0.110). The number of surveys required for adequate power (>0.6) was large for most species (tens to hundreds) using this hotspot definition. Regulators may need to accept higher proportional effect sizes, combine species into groups, and/or broaden the spatial scale by combining lease blocks in order to determine optimal placement of wind farms. Our power analysis approach provides a general framework for both retrospective analyses and future avian survey design and is applicable to a broad range of research and conservation problems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Sussman, Allison] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci NCCOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] CSS Dynamac Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sussman, Allison; Wimer, Mark; O'Connell, Allan F.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Rypkema, Diana] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ezipkin@msu.edu FU BOEM, Office of Renewable Energy Programs [M12PG00068]; U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; NOAA [DG133C07NC0616]; CSS-Dynamac, Inc.; NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program FX We are grateful to Robert Rankin (NOAA) for analytical support, and Jocelyn Brown-Saracino (U.S. Department of Energy), David Bigger (BOEM), and James Baldwin (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service) for reviews and comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This project was funded by the BOEM, Office of Renewable Energy Programs through Interagency Agreement M12PG00068 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. BK was supported by the NOAA Contract No. DG133C07NC0616 with CSS-Dynamac, Inc. DR was funded by the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 191 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.035 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4SP UT WOS:000364257100024 ER PT J AU Kelly, TR Rideout, BA Grantham, J Brandt, J Burnett, LJ Sorenson, KJ George, D Welch, A Moen, D Rasico, J Johnson, M Battistone, C Johnson, CK AF Kelly, Terra R. Rideout, Bruce A. Grantham, Jesse Brandt, Joseph Burnett, L. Joseph Sorenson, Kelly J. George, Daniel Welch, Alacia Moen, David Rasico, James Johnson, Matthew Battistone, Cane Johnson, Christine K. TI Two decades of cumulative impacts to survivorship of endangered California condors in California SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Lead poisoning; California condor; Survival; Population decline; Forest fire; Endangered species ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; LEAD-EXPOSURE; GYMNOGYPS-CALIFORNIANUS; BLOOD-LEAD; AMMUNITION SOURCES; RISK-FACTORS; SURVIVAL; POPULATION; MORTALITY; INGESTION AB We investigated threats to the California condor (Gymnogyps californians), a flagship endangered species, using individual data on survival during a 20 year period of intensive recovery efforts. Over the two decades of reintroductions, condors in California had an estimated median survival time of 7.8 years suggesting that 50% of condors are expected to survive in the wild long enough to contribute to recruitment In general, annual mortality rates exceeded levels necessary for a stable population; however, mortality declined, reaching levels needed for population stability, during the second decade of re-establishment. Intensive management practices, including utility pole aversion training and clinical interventions to prevent lead-related deaths likely contributed to the decrease in mortality rates. Utility line collision and/or electrocution was an important factor causing mortality over the two decades; though, this threat has largely been mitigated through management and targeted efforts in high-risk areas. In the past, wildfires were not considered a major threat to survival of free-flying condors. However, our analyses suggest that forest fires are significantly linked to the hazard of death, and increased wildfire activity in California highlights this population's vulnerability to catastrophic losses from forest fire. Lead poisoning, which was a major driver in the population's decline, was a leading cause of death accounting for the greatest adult mortality, and lead exposure remains the most significant threat. Recent lead ammunition reduction efforts in the condor range in California hold promise for improving the recovery potential for this population. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kelly, Terra R.; Rasico, James; Johnson, Christine K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rideout, Bruce A.] San Diego Zoo Global, Wildlife Dis Labs, Inst Conservat Res, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. [Grantham, Jesse; Brandt, Joseph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hopper Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Burnett, L. Joseph; Sorenson, Kelly J.; Moen, David] Ventana Wildlife Soc, Salinas, CA 93908 USA. [George, Daniel; Welch, Alacia] Natl Pk Serv, Paicines, CA 95043 USA. [Johnson, Matthew] US Forest Serv, Plumas Natl Forest, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. [Battistone, Cane] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. RP Kelly, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1089 Vet Med Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM trkelly@ucdavis.edu; ckjohnson@ucdavis.edu FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; USFWS Endangered Species Cooperative Conservation Fund Grant; Morris Animal Foundation FX We thank Michael Mace, Mike Tyner, Scott Scherbinski, Nick Todd, Jennie Jones, Ivett Plascencia, Kate Thomas, Dale Steele, Ryen Morley and the UC Davis Stat Lab for their contributions to this study, and USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center for support of Matthew Johnson. We also thank the field crews from the condor program, the staff at San Diego Zoo Global and Los Angeles Zoo, and the many staff and volunteers that have worked with the condor program for their invaluable role. This research was supported by a USFWS Endangered Species Cooperative Conservation Fund Grant and Morris Animal Foundation Grant. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 32 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 191 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.07.012 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4SP UT WOS:000364257100045 ER PT J AU Crait, JR Regehr, EV Ben-David, M AF Crait, Jamie R. Regehr, Eric V. Ben-David, Merav TI Indirect effects of bioinvasions in Yellowstone Lake: The response of river otters to declines in native cutthroat trout SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Aquatic-terrestrial linkages; Capture-recapture; Introduced species; Noninvasive sampling; Population size; Spawning ID POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATION-SIZE; EURASIAN OTTER; LONTRA-CANADENSIS; MARKED ANIMALS; UNITED-STATES; GIANT OTTER; CONSERVATION AB Nonnative species threaten ecosystems throughout the world including protected reserves. In Yellowstone National Park, river otters Lontra canadensis depend on native cutthroat trout as prey. However, nonnative lake trout and whirling disease have significantly reduced the abundance of these native fish in the park's largest body of water, Yellowstone Lake. We studied the demographic and behavioral responses of otters to declining cutthroat trout on Yellowstone Lake and its tributaries. From 2002-2008, we monitored otter activity at latrine (scentmarking) sites, collected scat for prey identification, and used individual genotypes from scat and hair samples to evaluate survival and abundance with capture-recapture methods. Otter activity at latrines decreased with declines in cutthroat trout, and the prevalence of these fish in otter scat declined from 73% to 53%. Cutthroat trout numbers were the best predictor of temporal variation in apparent survival, and mean annual survival for otters was low (0.72). The density of otters in out study area (1 otter per 13.4 km of shoreline) was also low, and evidence of a recent genetic bottleneck suggests that otter abundance might have declined prior to our study. River otters in and around Yellowstone Lake appear to be responding to reductions in cutthroat trout via changes in distribution, diet, and possibly survival and abundance. Our results provide a baseline estimate for monitoring the broader outcome of management efforts to conserve native cutthroat trout and emphasize the indirect ecosystem consequences of invasive species. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crait, Jamie R.; Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Crait, JR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Life Sci Program, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM craitj@uwyo.edu FU EPA [R829426E01]; NSF [EPS-0447681]; University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center; Department of Zoology and Physiology at the University of Wyoming FX We thank N. Bowersock, J. Boyd, J. Boyer, G. Campbell, J. Herreman, Z. Holden, C. Huyler, T. McClean, R. McDonald, K. Ott, S. Schaefer, C. Stansbury, and M. Trana for assistance in the field and laboratory. A. Barocas, J. DePue, M. Kauffman, R. Landis, D. McDonald, and A. Ulseth provided helpful suggestions on methodology. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We are grateful to Yellowstone National Park, especially P. Bigelow, T. Coleman, B. Ertel, K. Gunther, C. Hendrix, T. Koel, D. Mahony, and C. Smith, for logistical support. This research was funded by EPA Grant R829426E01, NSF Grant EPS-0447681, the University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center, and the Department of Zoology and Physiology at the University of Wyoming. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 191 BP 596 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.07.042 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4SP UT WOS:000364257100067 ER PT J AU Lipsey, MK Doherty, KE Naugle, DE Fields, S Evans, JS Davis, SK Koper, N AF Lipsey, Marisa K. Doherty, Kevin E. Naugle, David E. Fields, Sean Evans, Jeffrey S. Davis, Stephen K. Koper, Nicola TI One step ahead of the plow: Using cropland conversion risk to guide Sprague's Pipit conservation in the northern Great Plains SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Agricultural conversion; Conservation planning; Cropland; Grassland; Private lands; Sprague's Pipit ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; GRASSLAND BIRDS; LAND-COVER; VARIABLE RESPONSES; SONGBIRD ABUNDANCE; RANDOM FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ROC ANALYSIS; HABITAT AB Rapid expansion of cropland threatens grassland ecosystems across western North America and broad-scale planning can be a catalyst motivating individuals and agencies to accelerate conservation. Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) is an imperiled grassland songbird whose population has been declining rapidly in recent decades. Here, we present a strategic framework for conservation of pipits and their habitat in the northern Great Plains. We modeled pipit distribution across its million-km(2) breeding range in Canada and the U.S. We describe factors shaping distribution, delineate population cores and assess vulnerability to future grassland losses. Pipits selected landscapes with a high proportion of continuous grassland within a relatively cool, moist climate. Sixty percent of the global breeding population occurred in Canada and 63% of the U.S. population occurred in Montana. Populations were highly clumped, with 75% of birds within 30% of their range. Approximately 20% of the population occurred on protected lands and over half used lands that were unlikely to be cultivated given current technologies. A quarter of pipits relied on remaining arable grasslands and potential population losses varied from 2-27% across scenarios. Most of the population (70%) was dependent on private lands, emphasizing the importance of voluntary approaches that incentivize good stewardship. Our maps depicting core populations and tillage risk enable partners to target conservation in landscapes where pipits will benefit most. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lipsey, Marisa K.; Naugle, David E.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Doherty, Kevin E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Fields, Sean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg HAPET Off 6, Great Falls, MT 59404 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Davis, Stephen K.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Regina, SK S4P 4K1, Canada. [Koper, Nicola] Univ Manitoba, Nat Resources Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada. RP Lipsey, MK (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM marisa.lipsey@umontana.edu; Kevin_Doherty@fws.gov; david.naugle@umontana.edu; Sean_Fields@fws.gov; jeffrey_evans@tnc.org; stephen.davis@ec.gc.ca; Nicola.Koper@umanitoba.ca FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Prairie Pothole Joint Venture; Habitat and Population Evaluation Team; Parks Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Clayton H. Riddell Endowment Fund; Manitoba Research and Innovations Fund; Canadian Foundation for Innovations; Manitoba Graduate Scholarship FX This work was supported by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative, the Prairie Pothole Joint Venture and the Habitat and Population Evaluation Team. We thank the large group of forward-thinking collaborators that contributed survey data for this analysis. Survey data were obtained from: Alberta Fisheries and Wildlife Management Information System, the North American Breeding Bird Survey, Environment Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service, Montana Natural Heritage Program and the University of Montana, Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory, and the University of Manitoba. Work in Manitoba was supported by Parks Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Clayton H. Riddell Endowment Fund, Manitoba Research and Innovations Fund, Canadian Foundation for Innovations and Manitoba Graduate Scholarship. Thanks to Mark Gilchrist, Robin Bloom, Stefane Fontaine, Trevor Reid and Elvira Roberge for their help with land tenure mapping in Canada. The views in this manuscript from USFWS authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 82 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 191 BP 739 EP 749 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.030 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4SP UT WOS:000364257100083 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Smith, DR Nichols, JD Lyons, JE Sweka, J Kalasz, K Niles, LJ Wong, R Brust, J Davis, M Spear, B AF McGowan, Conor P. Smith, David R. Nichols, James D. Lyons, James E. Sweka, John Kalasz, Kevin Niles, Lawrence J. Wong, Richard Brust, Jeffrey Davis, Michelle Spear, Braddock TI Implementation of a framework for multi-species, multi-objective adaptive management in Delaware Bay SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Dynamic optimization; Ecological uncertainty; Horseshoe crabs; Monitoring; Objective functions; Red Knots; Structured decision making ID HORSESHOE-CRAB; RED KNOTS; LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; DECISION-MAKING; HARVEST; EGGS; AVAILABILITY; OPTIMIZATION; CONSERVATION; UNCERTAINTY AB Decision analytic approaches have been widely recommended as well suited to solving disputed and ecologically complex natural resource management problems with multiple objectives and high uncertainty. However, the difference between theory and practice is substantial, as there are very few actual resource management programs that represent formal applications of decision analysis. We applied the process of structured decision making to Atlantic horseshoe crab harvest decisions in the Delaware Bay region to develop a multispecies adaptive management (AM) plan, which is currently being implemented. Horseshoe crab harvest has been a controversial management issue since the late 1990s. A largely unregulated horseshoe crab harvest caused a decline in crab spawning abundance. That decline coincided with a major decline in migratory shorebird populations that consume horseshoe crab eggs on the sandy beaches of Delaware Bay during spring migration. Our approach incorporated multiple stakeholders, including fishery and shorebird conservation advocates, to account for diverse management objectives and varied opinions on ecosystem function. Through consensus building, we devised an objective statement and quantitative objective function to evaluate alternative crab harvest policies. We developed a set of competing ecological models accounting for the leading hypotheses on the interaction between shorebirds and horseshoe crabs. The models were initially weighted based on stakeholder confidence in these hypotheses, but weights will be adjusted based on monitoring and Bayesian model weight updating. These models were used together to predict the effects of management actions on the crab and shorebird populations. Finally, we used a dynamic optimization routine to identify the state dependent optimal harvest policy for horseshoe crabs, given the possible actions, the stated objectives and our competing hypotheses about system function. The AM plan was reviewed, accepted and implemented by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission in 2012 and 2013. While disagreements among stakeholders persist, structured decision making enabled unprecedented progress towards a transparent and consensus driven management plan for crabs and shorebirds in Delaware Bay. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36845 USA. [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Sweka, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Kalasz, Kevin; Wong, Richard] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. [Niles, Lawrence J.] Conserve Wildlife Fdn New Jersey, Bordenton, NJ 08505 USA. [Brust, Jeffrey] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Div Fish & Wildlife, Port Republic, NJ 08241 USA. [Davis, Michelle] Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Spear, Braddock] Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36845 USA. EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov; drsmith@usgs.gov; jnichols@usgs.gov; James_Lyons@fws.gov; john_Sweka@usgs.gov; Kevin.Kalasz@state.de.us; lany.niles@gmail.com; Richard.wong@state.de.us; jeffrey.Brust@dep.state.nius; midavis1@vt.edu; braddock.spear@gmail.com FU USGS Science FX We thank the ASMFC Horseshoe Crab Technical Committee, the USFWS Shorebird Technical committee, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, ASMFC peer reviewers, and USGS Science Support Program for logistical and financial support of the research effort. We are grateful to J. Collazo and three anonymous reviewers for helping to improve earlier versions of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by-the U.S. Government NR 61 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 191 BP 759 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.038 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4SP UT WOS:000364257100085 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Sanders-Reed, CA Szymanski, JA McKann, PC Pruitt, L King, RA Runge, MC Russell, RE AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Sanders-Reed, Carol A. Szymanski, Jennifer A. McKann, Patrick C. Pruitt, Lori King, R. Andrew Runge, Michael C. Russell, Robin E. TI Erratum to "White-nose syndrome is likely to extirpate the endangered Indiana bat over large parts of its range" (vol 160, pg 162, 2013) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Correction C1 [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Sanders-Reed, Carol A.; McKann, Patrick C.] IAP World Serv, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Szymanski, Jennifer A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species Program, US Fish & Wildlife Resource Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Pruitt, Lori; King, R. Andrew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species Program, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 191 BP 845 EP 845 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.033 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4SP UT WOS:000364257100098 ER PT J AU Katzner, T AF Katzner, Todd TI Do Open Access Data Policies Inhibit Innovation? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Katzner, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM tkatzner@usgs.gov OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2015 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1037 EP 1038 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv131 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CV4ZD UT WOS:000364274100002 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Handley, IM Zale, AV Rushing, S Potvin, MA AF Smith, Jessi L. Handley, Ian M. Zale, Alexander V. Rushing, Sara Potvin, Martha A. TI Now Hiring! Empirically Testing a Three-Step Intervention to Increase Faculty Gender Diversity in STEM SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diversity; women in science; science education and policy; behavioral science ID SCIENCE; BIAS; RETHINKING; FIELDS AB Workforce homogeneity limits creativity, discovery, and job satisfaction; nonetheless, the vast majority of university faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are men. We conducted a randomized and controlled three-step faculty search intervention based in self-determination theory aimed at increasing the number of women faculty in STEM at one US university where increasing diversity had historically proved elusive. Results show that the numbers of women candidates considered for and offered tenure-track positions were significantly higher in the intervention groups compared with those in controls. Searches in the intervention were 6.3 times more likely to make an offer to a woman candidate, and women who were made an offer were 5.8 times more likely to accept the offer from an intervention search. Although the focus was on increasing women faculty within STEM, the intervention can be adapted to other scientific and academic communities to advance diversity along any dimension. C1 [Smith, Jessi L.; Handley, Ian M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT USA. [Zale, Alexander V.; Potvin, Martha A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rushing, Sara] Montana State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Potvin, Martha A.] Montana State Univ, Off Provost, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jsismith@montana.edu FU National Science Foundation [1208831]; US Geological Survey; Montana State University; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks FX This research Was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant no. 1208831. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey; Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana State University; and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We are grateful for the assistance of Kelli J. Klebe, Rebecca Belou, and Theresa Marchwick in particular and thankful for the support of the entire ADVANCE Project TRACS team. Portions of these data were also presented at the American Association for the Advancement of Science Conference in February 2015, in San Jose, California. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2015 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1084 EP 1087 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv138 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CV4ZD UT WOS:000364274100008 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP AF McGowan, Conor P. TI Comparing models of Red Knot population dynamics SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model weight updating; Caldris canutus; lemming cycles; population modeling ID DELAWARE BAY; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; HORSESHOE CRABS; HARVEST; LEMMINGS; CYCLES; BIRDS AB Predictive population modeling contributes to our basic scientific understanding of population dynamics, but can also inform management decisions by evaluating alternative actions in virtual environments. Quantitative models mathematically reflect scientific hypotheses about how a system functions. In Delaware Bay, mid-Atlantic Coast, USA, to more effectively manage horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) harvests and protect Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) populations, models are used to compare harvest actions and predict the impacts on crab and knot populations. Management has been chiefly driven by the core hypothesis that horseshoe crab egg abundance governs the survival and reproduction of migrating Red Knots that stopover in the Bay during spring migration. However, recently, hypotheses proposing that knot dynamics are governed by cyclical lemming dynamics garnered some support in data analyses. In this paper, I present alternative models of Red Knot population dynamics to reflect alternative hypotheses. Using 2 models with different lemming population cycle lengths and 2 models with different horseshoe crab effects, I project the knot population into the future under environmental stochasticity and parametric uncertainty with each model. I then compare each model's predictions to 10 yr of population monitoring from Delaware Bay. Using Bayes' theorem and model weight updating, models can accrue weight or support for one or another hypothesis of population dynamics. With 4 models of Red Knot population dynamics and only 10 yr of data, no hypothesis clearly predicted population count data better than another. The collapsed lemming cycle model performed best, accruing similar to 35% of the model weight, followed closely by the horseshoe crab egg abundance model, which accrued similar to 30% of the weight. The models that predicted no decline or stable populations (i.e. the 4-yr lemming cycle model and the weak horseshoe crab effect model) were the most weakly supported. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 21 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2015 VL 117 IS 4 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-9.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CV4HT UT WOS:000364228500002 ER PT J AU Ivey, GL Dugger, BD Herziger, CP Casazza, ML Fleskes, JP AF Ivey, Gary L. Dugger, Bruce D. Herziger, Caroline P. Casazza, Michael L. Fleskes, Joseph P. TI Wintering ecology of sympatric subspecies of Sandhill Crane: Correlations between body size, site fidelity, and movement patterns SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE California; conservation planning; Grus canadensis; home range; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; Sandhill Crane; scale; site fidelity; wintering ecology ID HOME-RANGE; CANADA GEESE; SNOW-GEESE; INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; COMMON CRANES; ROOST SITES; HABITAT USE; BIRDS; SELECTION; TIME AB Body size is known to correlate with many aspects of life history in birds, and this knowledge can be used to manage and conserve bird species. However, few studies have compared the wintering ecology of sympatric subspecies that vary significantly in body size. We used radiotelemetry to examine the relationship between body size and site fidelity, movements, and home range in 2 subspecies of Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) wintering in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA. Both subspecies showed high interannual return rates to the Delta study area, but Greater Sandhill Cranes (G. c. tabida) showed stronger within-winter fidelity to landscapes in our study region and to roost complexes within landscapes than did Lesser Sandhill Cranes (G. c. canadensis). Foraging flights from roost sites were shorter for G. c. tabida than for G. c. canadensis (1.9 +/- 0.01 km vs. 4.5 +/- 0.01 km, respectively) and, consequently, the mean size of 95% fixed-kernel winter home ranges was an order of magnitude smaller for G. c. tabida than for G. c. canadensis (1.9 +/- 0.4 km(2) vs. 21.9 +/- 1.9 km(2), respectively). Strong site fidelity indicates that conservation planning to manage for adequate food resources around traditional roost sites can be effective for meeting the habitat needs of these cranes, but the scale of conservation efforts should differ by subspecies. Analysis of movement patterns suggests that conservation planners and managers should consider all habitats within 5 km of a known G. c. tabida roost and within 10 km of a G. c. canadensis roost when planning for habitat management, mitigation, acquisition, and easements. C1 [Ivey, Gary L.; Dugger, Bruce D.; Herziger, Caroline P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Casazza, Michael L.; Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA. RP Ivey, GL (reprint author), Int Crane Fdn, Bend, OR 53913 USA. EM ivey@savingcranes.org OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU CALFED Bay-Delta Ecosystem Restoration Program grant; Felburn Foundation; International Crane Foundation; Oregon State University; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Kachemak Crane Watch FX This study was conducted with funding from a CALFED Bay-Delta Ecosystem Restoration Program grant. We are grateful to the late E. Schiller, who provided additional funding support for our study through the Felburn Foundation. E. Bailey and N. Faust of Kachemak Crane Watch and the International Crane Foundation funded the costs of the satellite telemetry portion of this study. Additional funding was provided by Oregon State University and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). None of our funders had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript, nor did they require approval of the final manuscript or its publication. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 25 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2015 VL 117 IS 4 BP 518 EP 529 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-159.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CV4HT UT WOS:000364228500004 ER PT J AU Davis, DM Reese, KP Gardner, SC Bird, KL AF Davis, Dawn M. Reese, Kerry P. Gardner, Scott C. Bird, Krista L. TI Genetic structure of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in a declining, peripheral population SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; genetic structure; Greater Sage-Grouse; dispersal; isolation-by-distance ID CAPERCAILLIE TETRAO-UROGALLUS; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; NATAL DISPERSAL; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PRAIRIE CHICKEN; NORTH-AMERICA; F-STATISTICS; DNA ANALYSIS; DIVERSITY AB Loss of suitable habitat and subsequent fragmentation of populations are recognized as important factors in the decline and extinction of many species because they result in smaller, more isolated populations with reduced genetic diversity. The Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), having declined in distribution and abundance throughout its range, is a candidate species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and a species of special concern in California. Because the relationships between dispersal, gene flow, and genetic structure are interrelated and affect the long-term persistence of Greater Sage-Grouse, we assessed the genetic structure and patterns of dispersal among Greater Sage-Grouse in a declining, peripheral population in northeastern California. We genotyped 19 microsatellite loci from 167 individuals from 13 leks and 20 individuals captured off lek. Greater Sage-Grouse in northeastern California appear to maintain gene flow and genetic diversity across the sampled region. Despite population declines and habitat loss, leks were not genetically differentiated. Our results showed significant isolation-by-distance among males, which suggests that male Greater Sage-Grouse are more philopatric than females. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed stronger spatial structuring for males than for females. Results from the corrected assignment index also confirmed female-biased dispersal, although differences between sexes were not significant. While more research is needed on the proximate and ultimate causes behind the patterns we observed, our results serve as an important step toward understanding genetic structure and patterns of sex-biased dispersal in Greater Sage-Grouse occupying the periphery of the species' geographic distribution. C1 [Davis, Dawn M.; Reese, Kerry P.; Bird, Krista L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Gardner, Scott C.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Davis, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM dawn_davis@fws.gov FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife under State Wildlife Grant: Population and habitat investigations of Greater Sage-Grouse in California [T-9] FX This research was funded by California Department of Fish and Wildlife under State Wildlife Grant T-9: Population and habitat investigations of Greater Sage-Grouse in California. None of the funders had any input into the content of the manuscript. None of the funders required their approval of the manuscript before submission or publication. NR 104 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2015 VL 117 IS 4 BP 530 EP 544 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-34.1 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CV4HT UT WOS:000364228500005 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Mullins, TD Haig, SM Takano, L Garcia, K AF Miller, Mark P. Mullins, Thomas D. Haig, Susan M. Takano, Leilani Garcia, Karla TI Genetic structure, diversity, and interisland dispersal in the endangered Mariana Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami) SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Mariana Common Moorhen; Gallinula chloropus guami; Guam; Saipan; mitochondrial DNA; microsatellites; migration; genetic structure ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD INFERENCE; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; ISLAND; BOTTLENECKS; SIMULATION; MARKERS; TESTS AB The Mariana Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami) is a highly endangered taxon, with fewer than 300 individuals estimated to occur in the wild. The subspecies is believed to have undergone population declines attributable to loss of wetland habitats on its native islands in the Mariana Islands. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (control region and ND2 genes) and nuclear microsatellite loci in Mariana Common Moorhens from Guam and Saipan, the two most distal islands inhabited by the subspecies. Our analyses revealed similar nuclear genetic diversity and effective population size estimates on Saipan and Guam. Birds from Guam and Saipan were genetically differentiated (microsatellites: F-ST = 0.152; control region: F-ST = 0.736; ND2: F-ST = 0.390); however, assignment tests revealed the presence of first-generation dispersers from Guam onto Saipan (1 of 27 sampled birds) and from Saipan onto Guam (2 of 28 sampled birds), suggesting the capability for long-distance interpopulation movements within the subspecies. The observed dispersal rate was consistent with long-term estimates of effective numbers of migrants per generation between islands, indicating that movement between islands has been an ongoing process in this system. Despite known population declines, bottleneck tests revealed no signature of historical bottleneck events, suggesting that the magnitude of past population declines may have been comparatively small relative to the severity of declines that can be detected using genetic data. C1 [Miller, Mark P.; Mullins, Thomas D.; Haig, Susan M.; Garcia, Karla] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Takano, Leilani] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; U.S. Department of the Navy FX Funding was provided the U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and the U.S. Department of the Navy. Neither of the funders had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript; however, the U.S. Geological Survey required approval of the final manuscript before publication. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2015 VL 117 IS 4 BP 660 EP 669 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-42.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CV4HT UT WOS:000364228500016 ER PT J AU Miller, DAW Grant, EHC AF Miller, David A. W. Grant, Evan H. Campbell TI Estimating occupancy dynamics for large-scale monitoring networks: amphibian breeding occupancy across protected areas in the northeast United States SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma maculatum; hierarchical models; Luthobates sylvaticus; occupancy; population trend ID HIERARCHICAL BAYES ESTIMATION; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SPECIES RICHNESS; IMPERFECT DETECTION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MODELS; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY; FLUCTUATIONS AB Regional monitoring strategies frequently employ a nested sampling design where a finite set of study areas from throughout a region are selected and intensive sampling occurs within a subset of sites within the individual study areas. This sampling protocol naturally lends itself to a hierarchical analysis to account for dependence among subsamples. Implementing such an analysis using a classic likelihood framework is computationally challenging when accounting for detection errors in species occurrence models. Bayesian methods offer an alternative approach for fitting models that readily allows for spatial structure to be incorporated. We demonstrate a general approach for estimating occupancy when data come from a nested sampling design. We analyzed data from a regional monitoring program of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) in vernal pools using static and dynamic occupancy models. We analyzed observations from 2004 to 2013 that were collected within 14 protected areas located throughout the northeast United States. We use the data set to estimate trends in occupancy at both the regional and individual protected area levels. We show that occupancy at the regional level was relatively stable for both species. However, substantial variation occurred among study areas, with some populations declining and some increasing for both species. In addition, When the hierarchical study design is not accounted for, one would conclude stronger support for latitudinal gradient in trends than when using our approach that accounts for the nested design. In contrast to the model that does not account for nesting, the nested model did not include an effect of latitude in the 95% credible interval. These results shed light on the range-level population status of these pond-breeding amphibians, and our approach provides a framework that can be used to examine drivers of local and regional occurrence dynamics. C1 [Miller, David A. W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01360 USA. RP Miller, DAW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, 411 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dxm84@psu.edu RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX U.S. Geological Survey, National Park Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 5 IS 21 BP 4735 EP 4746 DI 10.1002/ece3.1679 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CV5WF UT WOS:000364341400001 PM 26640655 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, D Hansen, L Bohling, J Miller-Butterworth, C AF Diefenbach, Duane Hansen, Leslie Bohling, Justin Miller-Butterworth, Cassandra TI Population and genetic outcomes 20years after reintroducing bobcats (Lynx rufus) to Cumberland Island, Georgia USA SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Fecal DNA; felid; microsatellites; population genetics; population viability; reintroduction; scat; spatially explicit capture-recapture population estimation ID ENDANGERED IBERIAN LYNX; EFFECTIVE NUMBER; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; BIASED DISPERSAL; RELATEDNESS; LANDSCAPE; PREDATOR; TRANSLOCATION; CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE AB In 1988-1989, 32 bobcats Lynx rufus were reintroduced to Cumberland Island (CUIS), Georgia, USA, from which they had previously been extirpated. They were monitored intensively for 3years immediately post-reintroduction, but no estimation of the size or genetic diversity of the population had been conducted in over 20years since reintroduction. We returned to CUIS in 2012 to estimate abundance and effective population size of the present-day population, as well as to quantify genetic diversity and inbreeding. We amplified 12 nuclear microsatellite loci from DNA isolated from scats to establish genetic profiles to identify individuals. We used spatially explicit capture-recapture population estimation to estimate abundance. From nine unique genetic profiles, we estimate a population size of 14.4 (SE=3.052) bobcats, with an effective population size (N-e) of 5-8 breeding individuals. This is consistent with predictions of a population viability analysis conducted at the time of reintroduction, which estimated the population would average 12-13 bobcats after 10years. We identified several pairs of related bobcats (parent-offspring and full siblings), but similar to 75% of the pairwise comparisons were typical of unrelated individuals, and only one individual appeared inbred. Despite the small population size and other indications that it has likely experienced a genetic bottleneck, levels of genetic diversity in the CUIS bobcat population remain high compared to other mammalian carnivores. The reintroduction of bobcats to CUIS provides an opportunity to study changes in genetic diversity in an insular population without risk to this common species. Opportunities for natural immigration to the island are limited; therefore, continued monitoring and supplemental bobcat reintroductions could be used to evaluate the effect of different management strategies to maintain genetic diversity and population viability. The successful reintroduction and maintenance of a bobcat population on CUIS illustrates the suitability of translocation as a management tool for re-establishing felid populations. C1 [Diefenbach, Duane] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hansen, Leslie] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bohling, Justin] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller-Butterworth, Cassandra] Penn State Beaver, Monaca, PA 15061 USA. RP Miller-Butterworth, C (reprint author), Penn State Beaver, 100 Univ Dr, Monaca, PA 15061 USA. EM cmm48@psu.edu FU Pennsylvania Game Commission [1434-03HQRU1548]; National Park Service; Penn State Beaver FX Support provided by Pennsylvania Game Commission through Cooperative Agreement Number 1434-03HQRU1548, by the National Park Service, and by Penn State Beaver. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 5 IS 21 BP 4885 EP 4895 DI 10.1002/ece3.1750 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CV5WF UT WOS:000364341400014 PM 26640668 ER PT J AU Gremer, JR Bradford, JB Munson, SM Duniway, MC AF Gremer, Jennifer R. Bradford, John B. Munson, Seth M. Duniway, Michael C. TI Desert grassland responses to climate and soil moisture suggest divergent vulnerabilities across the southwestern United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid and semiarid; Chihuahuan Desert; climate change; climate variability; Colorado Plateau; drought; soil water dynamics; Sonoran Desert ID PRECIPITATION PULSES; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; SONORAN DESERT; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; COLORADO PLATEAU; WATER DYNAMICS; NORTH-AMERICA; VEGETATION; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Climate change predictions include warming and drying trends, which are expected to be particularly pronounced in the southwestern United States. In this region, grassland dynamics are tightly linked to available moisture, yet it has proven difficult to resolve what aspects of climate drive vegetation change. In part, this is because it is unclear how heterogeneity in soils affects plant responses to climate. Here, we combine climate and soil properties with a mechanistic soil water model to explain temporal fluctuations in perennial grass cover, quantify where and the degree to which incorporating soil water dynamics enhances our ability to understand temporal patterns, and explore the potential consequences of climate change by assessing future trajectories of important climate and soil water variables. Our analyses focused on long-term (20-56 years) perennial grass dynamics across the Colorado Plateau, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan Desert regions. Our results suggest that climate variability has negative effects on grass cover, and that precipitation subsidies that extend growing seasons are beneficial. Soil water metrics, including the number of dry days and availability of water from deeper (>30 cm) soil layers, explained additional grass cover variability. While individual climate variables were ranked as more important in explaining grass cover, collectively soil water accounted for 40-60% of the total explained variance. Soil water conditions were more useful for understanding the responses of C-3 than C-4 grass species. Projections of water balance variables under climate change indicate that conditions that currently support perennial grasses will be less common in the future, and these altered conditions will be more pronounced in the Chihuahuan Desert and Colorado Plateau. We conclude that incorporating multiple aspects of climate and accounting for soil variability can improve our ability to understand patterns, identify areas of vulnerability, and predict the future of desert grasslands. C1 [Gremer, Jennifer R.; Bradford, John B.; Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Gremer, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jrgremer@ucdavis.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; University of Arizona; National Science Foundation [DEB-0618210]; National Park Service; U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation through the Desert and Southern Rockies Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCC); Ecosystems Mission Area and Climate and Land Use Program of the US Geological Survey FX We would like to thank those that provided the data to make this project possible. Data for Santa Rita were provided by the Santa Rita Experimental Range Digital Database (http://ag.arizona.edu/SRER). Funding for the digitization of Santa Rita data was provided by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the University of Arizona. Data from Jornada LTER are available online (http://jornada.nmsu.edu/data-catalogs/long-term) and were funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0618210). Collection of data from Canyonlands and Arches National Parks and Natural Bridges National Monument was supported by the National Park Service. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation through the Desert and Southern Rockies Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCC) and the Ecosystems Mission Area and Climate and Land Use Program of the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 78 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 19 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 21 IS 11 BP 4049 EP 4062 DI 10.1111/gcb.13043 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW1UM UT WOS:000364777200012 PM 26183431 ER PT J AU Shukla, S Steinemann, A Iacobellis, SF Cayan, DR AF Shukla, Shraddhanand Steinemann, Anne Iacobellis, Sam F. Cayan, Daniel R. TI Annual Drought in California: Association with Monthly Precipitation and Climate Phases SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; Precipitation; Climate variability; Emergency preparedness; Risk assessment ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS AB Annual precipitation in California is more variable than in any other state and is highly influenced by precipitation in winter months. A primary question among stakeholders is whether low precipitation in certain months is a harbinger of annual drought in California. Historical precipitation data from 1895 to 2013 are investigated to identify leading monthly indicators of annual drought in each of the seven climate divisions (CDs) as well as statewide. For this study, drought conditions are defined as monthly/annual (October-September) precipitation below the 20th/30th percentile, and a leading indicator is defined as a monthly drought preceding or during an annual drought that has the strongest association (i.e., joint probability of occurrence) with a statewide annual drought. Monthly precipitation variability and contributions to annual precipitation, along with joint probabilities of drought among the winter months, are first analyzed. Then the probabilities of annual drought and the variability in leading indicators are analyzed according to different climate phases and CDs. This study identified December within a water year as being the leading indicator that is most frequently associated with annual drought statewide (56%) and in most of the CDs (the highest was CD2 at 65%). Associated with its leading-indicator status, December drought was most frequently associated with drought in other winter months (joint probability > 30%). Results from this study can help stakeholders to understand and assess the likelihood of annual drought events given monthly precipitation preceding or early in the water year. C1 [Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Steinemann, Anne] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Engn, Dept Infrastruct Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Steinemann, Anne] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Steinemann, Anne; Iacobellis, Sam F.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Shukla, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, 4713 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM shrad@geog.ucsb.edu RI Steinemann, Anne/E-1249-2015 OI Steinemann, Anne/0000-0001-7556-620X FU California-Nevada Applications Program [NA11OAR4310150]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA13OAR4310172, NA15OAR4320071]; National Integrated Drought Information System; Southwest Climate Science Center FX This study received support through the California-Nevada Applications Program (NA11OAR4310150) and other National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grants (NA13OAR4310172 and NA15OAR4320071), the National Integrated Drought Information System, and the Southwest Climate Science Center. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 54 IS 11 BP 2273 EP 2281 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0167.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW4MR UT WOS:000364966100002 ER PT J AU Brabec, MM Germino, MJ Shinneman, DJ Pilliod, DS McIlroy, SK Arkle, RS AF Brabec, Martha M. Germino, Matthew J. Shinneman, Douglas J. Pilliod, David S. McIlroy, Susan K. Arkle, Robert S. TI Challenges of establishing big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in rangeland restoration: Effects of herbicide, mowing, whole-community seeding, and sagebrush seed sources (vol 68, pg432, 2015) SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Brabec, Martha M.; Germino, Matthew J.; Shinneman, Douglas J.; Pilliod, David S.; McIlroy, Susan K.; Arkle, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 68 IS 6 BP 507 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2015.09.001 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV9DF UT WOS:000364586800010 ER PT J AU Fischer, J Paukert, C Daniels, M AF Fischer, J. Paukert, C. Daniels, M. TI Influence of Riparian and Watershed Alterations on Sandbars in a Great Plains River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Kansas River; sandbar; land use; Great Plains ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; FISH COMMUNITY; UNITED-STATES; FLOW; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS; FRAGMENTATION; EXPANSION AB Anthropogenic alterations have caused sandbar habitats in rivers and the biota dependent on them to decline. Restoring large river sandbars may be needed as these habitats are important components of river ecosystems and provide essential habitat to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. We quantified factors within the riparian zone of the Kansas River, USA, and within its tributaries that influenced sandbar size and density using aerial photographs and land use/land cover (LULC) data. We developed, a priori, 16 linear regression models focused on LULC at the local, adjacent upstream river bend, and the segment (18-44km upstream) scales and used an information theoretic approach to determine what alterations best predicted the size and density of sandbars. Variation in sandbar density was best explained by the LULC within contributing tributaries at the segment scale, which indicated reduced sandbar density with increased forest cover within tributary watersheds. Similarly, LULC within contributing tributary watersheds at the segment scale best explained variation in sandbar size. These models indicated that sandbar size increased with agriculture and forest and decreased with urban cover within tributary watersheds. Our findings suggest that sediment supply and delivery from upstream tributary watersheds may be influential on sandbars within the Kansas River and that preserving natural grassland and reducing woody encroachment within tributary watersheds in Great Plains rivers may help improve sediment delivery to help restore natural river function. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fischer, J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Paukert, C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Daniels, M.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM fisch133@gmail.com OI Fischer, Jason/0000-0001-7226-6500 FU Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism [T2-R-6]; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding and support was provided by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism (Grant Number T2-R-6). The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government, the US Geological Survey or other sponsoring or participating agencies. We thank K. Gido, J. Gerken, and R. Klumb for providing insight and logistical support and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1140 EP 1150 DI 10.1002/rra.2811 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CV8KL UT WOS:000364533800009 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. TI Introduction to the Focus Section on the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID KATHMANDU AB It has long been recognized that Nepal faces high earthquake hazard, with the most recent large (M-w > 7.5) events in 1833 and 1934. When the 25 April 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake struck, it appeared initially to be a realization of worst fears. In spite of its large magnitude and proximity to the densely populated Kathmandu valley, however, the level of damage was lower than anticipated, with most vernacular structures within the valley experiencing little or no structural damage. Outside the valley, catastrophic damage did Occur in some villages, associated with the high vulnerability of stone masonry construction and, in many cases, landsliding. The unexpected observations from this expected earthquake provide an urgent impetus to understand the event itself and to better characterize hazard from future large Himalayan earthquakes. Toward this end, articles in this special focus section present and describe available data sets and initial results that better illuminate and interpret the earthquake and its effects. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov FU Office of US. Foreign Disaster Assistance, a branch of the US. Agency for International Development FX I thank Katherine Kendrick, Morgan Page, Shane Detweiller, Nicholas van der Elst, Mary George, and Zhigang Peng for reviews that improved this manuscript. Roger Bilham's contributions as co-guest editor of this special focus section are also acknowledged with appreciation. Work was supported by the Office of US. Foreign Disaster Assistance, a branch of the US. Agency for International Development. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1502 EP 1505 DI 10.1785/0220150212 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV9MA UT WOS:000364610100002 ER PT J AU Moss, RES Thompson, EM Kieffer, DS Tiwari, B Hashash, YMA Acharya, L Adhikari, BR Asimaki, D Clahan, KB Collins, BD Dahal, S Jibson, RW Khadka, D Macdonald, A Madugo, CLM Mason, HB Pehlivan, M Rayamajhi, D Uprety, S AF Moss, Robb E. S. Thompson, Eric M. Kieffer, D. Scott Tiwari, Binod Hashash, Youssef M. A. Acharya, Lndra Adhikari, Basanta Raj Asimaki, Domniki Clahan, Kevin B. Collins, Brian D. Dahal, Sachindra Jibson, Randall W. Khadka, Diwakar Macdonald, Amy Madugo, Chris L. M. Mason, H. Benjamin Pehlivan, Menzer Rayamajhi, Deepak Uprety, Sital TI Geotechnical Effects of the 2015 Magnitude 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake and Aftershocks SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; INTENSITY; EVOLUTION; HIMALAYA AB This article summarizes the geotechnical effects of the 25 April 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake and aftershocks, as documented by a reconnaissance team that undertook a broad engineering and scientific assessment of the damage and collected perishable data for future analysis. Brief descriptions are provided of ground shaking, surface fault rupture, landsliding, soil failure, and infrastructure performance. The goal of this reconnaissance effort, led by Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance, is to learn from earthquakes and mitigate hazards in future earthquakes. C1 [Moss, Robb E. S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn 13 217, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Thompson, Eric M.; Jibson, Randall W.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kieffer, D. Scott] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Appl Geosci, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Tiwari, Binod] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Hashash, Youssef M. A.] Univ Illinois, Newmark Civil Engn Lab 2230C, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Acharya, Lndra; Adhikari, Basanta Raj] Tribhuvan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Inst Engn, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, Nepal. [Asimaki, Domniki] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Clahan, Kevin B.] Lettis Consultants Int Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dahal, Sachindra] Univ Illinois, Newmark Civil Engn Lab B235, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Khadka, Diwakar] Mat Test Pvt Ltd, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Macdonald, Amy] Thornton Tomasetti, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Madugo, Chris L. M.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94177 USA. [Mason, H. Benjamin; Rayamajhi, Deepak] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pehlivan, Menzer] Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers, New York, NY 10122 USA. [Uprety, Sital] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Moss, RES (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn 13 217, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM emthompson@usgs.gov RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; Asimaki, Domniki/A-2274-2013 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; Asimaki, Domniki/0000-0002-3008-8088 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1514 EP 1523 DI 10.1785/0220150158 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV9MA UT WOS:000364610100004 ER PT J AU Martin, SS Hough, SE Hung, C AF Martin, Stacey S. Hough, Susan E. Hung, Charleen TI Ground Motions from the 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Constrained by a Detailed Assessment of Macroseismic Data SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIMALAYAN EARTHQUAKES; INTENSITY; DEFORMATION; MAGNITUDE; BASIN; INDIA AB To augment limited instrumental recordings of the M-w 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake on 25 April 2015 (Nepali calendar: 12 Baisakh 2072, Bikram Samvat), we collected 3831 detailed media and first-person accounts of macroseismic effects that include sufficiently detailed information to assign intensities. The resulting intensity map reveals the distribution of shaking within and outside of Nepal, with the key result that shaking intensities throughout the near-field region only exceeded intensity 8 on the 1998 European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) in rare instances. Within the Kathmandu Valley, intensities were generally 6-7 EMS. This surprising (and fortunate) result can be explained by the nature of the mainshock ground motions, which were dominated by energy at periods significantly longer than the resonant periods of vernacular structures throughout the Kathmandu Valley. Outside of the Kathmandu Valley, intensities were also generally lower than 8 EMS, but the earthquake took a heavy toll on a number of remote villages, where many especially vulnerable masonry houses collapsed catastrophically in 7-8 EMS shaking. We further reconsider intensities from the 1833 earthquake sequence and conclude that it occurred on the same fault segment as the Gorkha earthquake. Online Material: Tables of locations with 1998 European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) intensity assignments for the 25 April 2015 Gorkha and the 26 August 1833 Nepal earthquakes. C1 [Martin, Stacey S.] Nanyang Technol Univ, EOS, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Martin, SS (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, EOS, 50 Nanyang Ave,N2-01a-14, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM 7point1@gmail.com; hough@usgs.gov RI Martin, Stacey/J-6819-2013 OI Martin, Stacey/0000-0003-4429-5835 FU National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore [NRF-NRFF2013-06]; Earth Observatory of Singapore; NRF Singapore; Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative; Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, a branch of the US. Agency for International Development FX S. S. M. was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore under its Singapore NRF Fellowship scheme (NRF Number NRF-NRFF2013-06) and by the Earth Observatory of Singapore, NRF Singapore, and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative. S. E. H. was supported by the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, a branch of the US. Agency for International Development. This is EOS paper number 101. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1524 EP 1532 DI 10.1785/0220150138 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV9MA UT WOS:000364610100005 ER PT J AU Dixit, AM Ringler, AT Sumy, DF Cochran, ES Hough, SE Martin, SS Gibbons, S Luetgert, JH Galetzka, J Shrestha, SN Rajaure, S McNamara, DE AF Dixit, Amod Mani Ringler, Adam T. Sumy, Danielle F. Cochran, Elizabeth S. Hough, Susan E. Martin, Stacey S. Gibbons, Steven Luetgert, James H. Galetzka, John Shrestha, Surya Narayan Rajaure, Sudhir McNamara, Daniel E. TI Strong-Motion Observations of the M 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Sequence and Development of the N-SHAKE Strong-Motion Network SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; AFTERSHOCK AB We present and describe strong-motion data observations from the 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake sequence collected using existing and new Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) and U.S. Geological Survey Net Quakes sensors located in the Kathmandu Valley. A comparison of QCN data with waveforms recorded by a conventional strong-motion (Net Quakes) instrument validates the QCN data. We present preliminary analysis of spectral accelerations, and peak ground acceleration and velocity for earthquakes up to M 7.3 from the QCN stations, as well as preliminary analysis of the mainshock recording from the NetQuakes station. We show that mainshock peak accelerations were lower than expected and conclude the Kathmandu Valley experienced a pervasively nonlinear response during the mainshock. Phase picks from the QCN and NetQuakes data are also used to improve aftershock locations. This study confirms the utility of QCN instruments to contribute to ground-motion investigations and aftershock response in regions where conventional instrumentation and open-access seismic data are limited. Initial pilot installations of QCN instruments in 2014 are now being expanded to create the Nepal Shaking Hazard Assessment for Kathmandu and its Environment (N-SHAKE) network. Online Material: Figures of Pg arrivals, earthquake locations, epicenter change vectors, and travel-time misfit vector residuals, and tables of QCN and NetQuake stations and relocated hypocenter timing, location, and magnitude. C1 [Dixit, Amod Mani; Shrestha, Surya Narayan; Rajaure, Sudhir] Natl Soc Earthquake Technol Nepal, Sainbu Residential Area, Ward 4, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Ringler, Adam T.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Sumy, Danielle F.] Inc Res Inst Seismol, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Cochran, Elizabeth S.; Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Martin, Stacey S.] Nanyang Technol Univ, EOS, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Gibbons, Steven] NORSAR, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Luetgert, James H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Galetzka, John] UNAVCO, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [McNamara, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dixit, AM (reprint author), Natl Soc Earthquake Technol Nepal, Sainbu Residential Area, Ward 4, GPO Box 13775, Kathmandu, Nepal. EM aringler@usgs.gov RI Martin, Stacey/J-6819-2013; OI Martin, Stacey/0000-0003-4429-5835; Gibbons, Steven J./0000-0002-7822-0244 FU Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and EarthScope (SAGE) Proposal of the National Science Foundation [EAR-1261681] FX The facilities of IRIS Data Services, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveforms, related metadata, and/or derived products used in this study. IRIS Data Services are funded through the Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and EarthScope (SAGE) Proposal of the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1533 EP 1539 DI 10.1785/0220150146 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV9MA UT WOS:000364610100006 ER PT J AU Yun, SH Hudnut, K Owen, S Webb, F Simons, M Sacco, P Gurrola, E Manipon, G Liang, C Fielding, E Milillo, P Hua, H Coletta, A AF Yun, Sang-Ho Hudnut, Kenneth Owen, Susan Webb, Frank Simons, Mark Sacco, Patrizia Gurrola, Eric Manipon, Gerald Liang, Cunren Fielding, Eric Milillo, Pietro Hua, Hook Coletta, Alessandro TI Rapid Damage Mapping for the 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha Earthquake Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Data from COSMO-SkyMed and ALOS-2 Satellites SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HAITI AB The 25 April 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake caused more than 8000 fatalities and widespread building damage in central Nepal. The Italian Space Agency's COSMO-SkyMed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite acquired data over Kathmandu area four days after the earthquake and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 SAR satellite for larger area nine days after the main-shock. We used these radar observations and rapidly produced damage proxy maps (DPMs) derived from temporal changes in Interferometric SAR coherence. Our DPMs were qualitatively validated through comparison with independent damage analyses by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research's United Nations Operational Satellite Applications Programme, and based on our own visual inspection of DigitalGlobe's World-View optical pre- versus postevent imagery. Our maps were quickly released to responding agencies and the public, and used for damage assessment, determining inspection/imaging priorities, and reconnaissance fieldwork. C1 [Yun, Sang-Ho; Owen, Susan; Webb, Frank; Gurrola, Eric; Manipon, Gerald; Liang, Cunren; Fielding, Eric; Milillo, Pietro; Hua, Hook] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Simons, Mark] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sacco, Patrizia; Coletta, Alessandro] Italian Space Agcy, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Milillo, Pietro] Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Yun, SH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM shyun@jpl.nasa.gov RI Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; OI Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Milillo, Pietro/0000-0002-1171-3976; Simons, Mark/0000-0003-1412-6395 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Applied Sciences/Disasters Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) Program FX The COSMO-SkyMed data were made available for disaster response by the Italian Space Agency (ASI). The Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) radar data were made available by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (TAXA) through the Committee on Earth Observation Satellite (CEOS) in support of the response effort. The Global Urban Footprint was provided by German Aerospace Center (DLR) for disaster response. We thank Matthew Gamm and his team with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), Thomas Esch with DLR, Keiko Saito with the World Bank, Shay Har-Noy, and Andrew Steele with DigitalGlobe, David Saeger with Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)/United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Mir Matin, and Deo Raj Gurung with the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Jon Pedder with Esri, and Mike Rubel with Planet Labs for supportive coordination and analysis for response. Constructive comments from Susan Hough, Gerald Bawden, and two anonymous reviewers improved the article. This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Applied Sciences/Disasters Program and Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) Program, and performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1549 EP 1556 DI 10.1785/0220150152 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV9MA UT WOS:000364610100008 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP Briggs, RW Barnhart, WD Yeck, WL McNamara, DE Wald, DJ Nealy, JL Benz, HM Gold, RD Jaiswal, KS Marano, K Earle, PS Hearne, MG Smoczyk, GM Wald, LA Samsonov, SV AF Hayes, Gavin P. Briggs, Richard W. Barnhart, William D. Yeck, William L. McNamara, Daniel E. Wald, David J. Nealy, Jennifer L. Benz, Harley M. Gold, Ryan D. Jaiswal, Kishor S. Marano, Kristin Earle, Paul S. Hearne, Mike G. Smoczyk, Greg M. Wald, Lisa A. Samsonov, Sergey V. TI Rapid Characterization of the 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Sequence and Its Seismotectonic Context SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GREAT HIMALAYAN EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE INVERSION; AVERAGE RATE; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; LOCATION; SLIP; ASIA AB Earthquake response and related information products are important for placing recent seismic events into context and particularly for understanding the impact earthquakes can have on the regional community and its infrastructure. These tools are even more useful if they are available quickly, ahead of detailed information from the areas affected by such earthquakes. Here we provide an overview of the response activities and related information products generated and provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center in association with the 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake. This group monitors global earthquakes 24 hrs/day and 7 days/week to provide rapid information on the location and size of recent events and to characterize the source properties, tectonic setting, and potential fatalities and economic losses associated with significant earthquakes. We present the time-line over which these products became available, discuss what they tell us about the seismotectonics of the Gorkha earthquake and its aftershocks, and examine how their information is used today, and might be used in the future, to help mitigate the impact of such natural disasters. Online Material: Additional description of modeling techniques; tables of ScanSAR and Swath-mode observations from ALOS-2, StripMap-mode observations, and fault-model geometries; and figures of W-phase results, inversion result sensitivity to geometry of the causative fault plane, earthquake relocations, PAGER fatality estimates versus media reports with time, line-of-sight displacements of resampled interferograms, population density of the Himalaya Front, ALOS-2 path 048 Wide Swath interferogram, and photo of a collapsed concrete building. C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.; Briggs, Richard W.; Yeck, William L.; McNamara, Daniel E.; Wald, David J.; Nealy, Jennifer L.; Benz, Harley M.; Gold, Ryan D.; Jaiswal, Kishor S.; Marano, Kristin; Earle, Paul S.; Hearne, Mike G.; Smoczyk, Greg M.; Wald, Lisa A.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Barnhart, William D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Samsonov, Sergey V.] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, POB 25046 MS-966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov OI Yeck, William/0000-0002-2801-8873; Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Samsonov, Sergey/0000-0002-6798-4847; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1557 EP 1567 DI 10.1785/0220150145 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV9MA UT WOS:000364610100009 ER PT J AU Toda, S Stein, RS AF Toda, Shinji Stein, Ross S. TI 2014 M-w 6.0 South Napa Earthquake Triggered Exotic Seismic Clusters near Several Major Faults SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; STRESS TRANSFER; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD AB Online Material: Figures of background seismicity rate and magnitude of completeness, 95% confidence interval on the principal stress orientation and friction coefficient, influence of fault friction on the Coulomb stress imparted to the major mapped active faults, shear-stress changes resolved on the nodal planes of small earthquakes, and observed aftershock rates. C1 [Toda, Shinji] Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci IRIDeS, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. [Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Toda, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci IRIDeS, Aoba Ku, 468-1 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. EM toda@irides.tohoku.ac.jp NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1593 EP 1602 DI 10.1785/0220150102 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV9MA UT WOS:000364610100013 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Evans, JR AF Ringler, Adam T. Evans, John R. TI A Quick SEED Tutorial SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ringler, Adam T.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Evans, John R.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM aringler@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1717 EP 1725 DI 10.1785/0220150043 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV9MA UT WOS:000364610100027 ER PT J AU Work, TM Dagenais, J Balazs, GH Schettle, N Ackermann, M AF Work, T. M. Dagenais, J. Balazs, G. H. Schettle, N. Ackermann, M. TI Dynamics of Virus Shedding and In Situ Confirmation of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 in Hawaiian Green Turtles With Fibropapillomatosis SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibropapillomatosis; green turtle; herpesvirus; shedding; histopathology ID CUTANEOUS FIBROPAPILLOMAS; MAREKS-DISEASE; SEA-TURTLES; MYDAS; PATHOLOGY; FLORIDA; CANCER; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; LOCALIZATION; ASSOCIATION AB Cancers in humans and animals can be caused by viruses, but virus-induced tumors are considered to be poor sites for replication of intact virions (lytic replication). Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a neoplastic disease associated with a herpesvirus, chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), that affects green turtles globally. ChHV5 probably replicates in epidermal cells of tumors, because epidermal intranuclear inclusions (EIIs) contain herpesvirus-like particles. However, although EIIs are a sign of herpesvirus replication, they have not yet been firmly linked to ChHV5. Moreover, the dynamics of viral shedding in turtles are unknown, and there are no serological reagents to confirm actual presence of the specific ChHV5 virus in tissues. The investigators analyzed 381 FP tumors for the presence of EIIs and found that overall, about 35% of green turtles had lytic replication in skin tumors with 7% of tumors showing lytic replication. A few (11%) turtles accounted for more than 30% cases having lytic viral replication, and lytic replication was more likely in smaller tumors. To confirm that turtles were actively replicating ChHV5, a prerequisite for shedding, the investigators used antiserum raised against F-VP26, a predicted capsid protein of ChHV5 that localizes to the host cell nucleus during viral replication. This antiserum revealed F-VP26 in EIIs of tumors, thus confirming the presence of replicating ChHV5. In this light, it is proposed that unlike other virus-induced neoplastic diseases, FP is a disease that may depend on superspreaders, a few highly infectious individuals growing numerous small tumors permissive to viral production, for transmission of ChHV5. C1 [Work, T. M.; Dagenais, J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, G. H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Schettle, N.; Ackermann, M.] Univ Zurich, Inst Virol, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov FU Wyss Charitable Endowment FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Mathias Ackermann's contribution to this research was supported by the Wyss Charitable Endowment. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 26 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1195 EP 1201 DI 10.1177/0300985814560236 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA CW1FF UT WOS:000364734300030 PM 25445320 ER PT J AU Shedd, KR von Hippel, FA Willacker, JJ Hamon, TR Schlei, OL Wenburg, JK Miller, JL Pavey, SA AF Shedd, Kyle R. von Hippel, Frank A. Willacker, James J. Hamon, Troy R. Schlei, Ora L. Wenburg, John K. Miller, Joe L. Pavey, Scott A. TI Ecological release leads to novel ontogenetic diet shift in kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STICKLEBACK GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; COREGONUS-LAVARETUS L.; GILL-RAKER MORPHOLOGY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ARCTIC CHARR; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; PACIFIC SALMON AB We investigate adaptive resource polymorphism in kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Jo-Jo Lake, Alaska, by determining whether previously observed niche expansion occurs at the population or individual level. Utilizing morphological, genetic, and stable isotope techniques, we found no evidence of discrete trophic morphotypes as previously described, but instead found evidence for an ontogenetic diet shift. Carbon and nitrogen isotope data indicate a 40% decrease in the proportion of benthic feeding and an increase of one trophic position over the size and age ranges of adult kokanee, corresponding to a diet shift from consumption of macroinvertebrates in smaller individuals to piscivory in larger individuals. This novel piscivory in kokanee may result from predatory and competitive freedom resulting from the lack of limnetic predators in Jo-Jo Lake. Piscivorous feeding despite a phenotype-environment mismatch has resulted in large, piscivorous kokanee having up to 70% of their gill rakers damaged. Observed reductions in gill raker number relative to the putative ancestral population are convergent with expectations for piscivorous fishes, despite a presumed lack of standing genetic variation for piscivory in the sockeye salmon - kokanee species complex. Jo-Jo Lake kokanee are a distinctive example of adaptation in salmonids in response to ecological release. This unusual population highlights the importance of phenotypic plasticity in response to competition in shaping the adaptive landscape and altering evolutionary trajectories. C1 [Shedd, Kyle R.; von Hippel, Frank A.; Willacker, James J.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hamon, Troy R.; Pavey, Scott A.] Natl Pk Serv, Katmai Natl Pk, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. [Schlei, Ora L.; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Miller, Joe L.] Anchor QEA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Pavey, Scott A.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Inst Biol Integrat & Syst, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. RP Shedd, KR (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM kyle.shedd@alaska.gov OI Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU Katmai National Park; Alaska INBRE (IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence); US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Alaska Anchorage; National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P20GM103395] FX B. Peterson, M. Woodsum, A. Rosik, E. Bowles, I. Vaughn, F. West, J. Mueller, A. Gilliland, and the staff of Katmai National Park assisted with field work. J. Olsen of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, as well as K. Tope, R. Guintu, L. Smayda, J. Moore, M. Rogers, and other members of the von Hippel Lab Group and the Environment and Natural Resources Institute assisted with lab work. Katmai National Park, Alaska INBRE (IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence), the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the University of Alaska Anchorage provided funding. Research reported in this publication was supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under grant No. P20GM103395. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the NIH. Fish were sampled under collection permits SF2010-147, SF2011-110, and SF2011-146 from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and permit KATM-2010-SCI-0011 from the National Park Service, and all research was approved by the University of Alaska Anchorage IACUC (protocol 159870-11). Suggestions made by two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1718 EP 1730 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0146 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV2RL UT WOS:000364104300011 ER PT J AU Katz, RA Freeman, MC AF Katz, Rachel A. Freeman, Mary C. TI Evidence of population resistance to extreme low flows in a fluvial-dependent fish species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GEORGIA PIEDMONT STREAM; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ETHEOSTOMA-INSCRIPTUM; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; CALIFORNIA STREAM; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL; DROUGHT; ASSEMBLAGES; PERSISTENCE AB Extreme low streamflows are natural disturbances to aquatic populations. Species in naturally intermittent streams display adaptations that enhance persistence during extreme events; however, the fate of populations in perennial streams during unprecedented low-flow periods is not well-understood. Biota requiring swift-flowing habitats may be especially vulnerable to flow reductions. We estimated the abundance and local survival of a native fluvial-dependent fish species (Etheostoma inscriptum) across 5 years encompassing historic low flows in a sixth-order southeastern USA perennial river. Based on capture-mark-recapture data, the study shoal may have acted as a refuge during severe drought, with increased young-of-the-year (YOY) recruitment and occasionally high adult immigration. Contrary to expectations, summer and autumn survival rates (30 days) were not strongly depressed during low-flow periods, despite 25%-80% reductions in monthly discharge. Instead, YOY survival increased with lower minimum discharge and in response to small rain events that increased low-flow variability. Age-1+ fish showed the opposite pattern, with survival decreasing in response to increasing low-flow variability. Results from this population dynamics study of a small fish in a perennial river suggest that fluvial-dependent species can be resistant to extreme flow reductions through enhanced YOY recruitment and high survival. C1 [Katz, Rachel A.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Katz, Rachel A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Katz, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, 140 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rakatz@umass.edu FU US Geological Survey FX We are grateful to numerous field assistants over the course of the study: Greg Anderson, Jane Argentina, Christina Baker, Matt Carroll, Randy Ficcarratto, Brittany Furtado, Megan Hagler, Elise Landry, Bill McDowell, Kyle McKay, Sean Meadows, Amanda Neese, Nicole Pontzer, Ross Pringle, John Seginak, Jesslyn Shields, Sean Sterrett, Carrie Straight, and Gregorian Willocks. We thank Clint Moore and Jim Peterson for their statistical support and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. Funding for the fieldwork, supplies, and analysis was provided by the US Geological Survey. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1776 EP 1787 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0173 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV2RL UT WOS:000364104300016 ER PT J AU Zhang, YM Belnap, J AF Zhang, Yuanming Belnap, Jayne TI Growth responses of five desert plants as influenced by biological soil crusts from a temperate desert, China SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biological soil crusts; Seed germination; Seedling growth; Element uptake; Temperate desert ID SEED WATER STATUS; 2 ANNUAL GRASSES; GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT; NORTHWESTERN CHINA; VASCULAR PLANTS; TENGGER-DESERT; NEGEV DESERT; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; SUCCESSIONAL STAGES; MICROBIOTIC CRUST AB In almost all dryland systems, biological soil crusts (biocrusts) coexist alongside herbaceous and woody vegetation, creating landscape mosaics of vegetated and biocrusted patches. Results from past studies on the interaction between biocrusts and vascular plants have been contradictory. In the Gurbantunggut desert, a large temperate desert in northwestern China, well-developed lichen-dominated crusts dominate the areas at the base and between the sand dunes. We examined the influence of these lichen-dominated biocrusts on the germination, growth, biomass accumulation, and elemental content of five common plants in this desert: two shrubs (Haloxylon persicum, Ephedra distachya) and three herbaceous plants (Ceratocarpus arenarius, Malcolmia africana and Lappula semiglabra) under greenhouse conditions. The influence of biocrusts on seed germination was species-specific. Biocrusts did not affect percent germination in plants with smooth seeds, but inhibited germination of seeds with appendages that reduced or eliminated contact with the soil surface or prevented seeds from slipping into soil cracks. Once seeds had germinated, biocrusts had different influences on growth of shrub and herbaceous plants. The presence of biocrusts increased concentrations of nitrogen but did not affect phosphorus or potassium in tissue of all tested species, while the uptake of the other tested nutrients was species-specific. Our study showed that biocrusts can serve as a biological filter during seed germination and also can influence growth and elemental uptake. Therefore, they may be an important trigger for determining desert plant diversity and community composition in deserts. C1 [Zhang, Yuanming] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Zhang, YM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. EM zhangym@ms.xjb.ac.cn FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems program; National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB954202]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1203301, 41571256] FX JB was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems program. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was funded by National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB954202) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1203301, 41571256). NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 39 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 EI 1440-1703 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1045 DI 10.1007/s11284-015-1305-z PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV0RM UT WOS:000363959700007 ER PT J AU Drummond, MA Stier, MP Auch, RF Taylor, JL Griffith, GE Riegle, JL Hester, DJ Soulard, CE McBeth, JL AF Drummond, Mark A. Stier, Michael P. Auch, Roger F. Taylor, Janis L. Griffith, Glenn E. Riegle, Jodi L. Hester, David J. Soulard, Christopher E. McBeth, Jamie L. TI Assessing Landscape Change and Processes of Recurrence, Replacement, and Recovery in the Southeastern Coastal Plains, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Land-use process; Landscape change; Land recovery; Ecoregion; Silviculture; Coastal plain ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGE PROCESSES; HUMAN FOOTPRINT; ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION; PLANTATION FORESTS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; SCALE; RESTORATION; IMPACTS AB The processes of landscape change are complex, exhibiting spatial variability as well as linear, cyclical, and reversible characteristics. To better understand the various processes that cause transformation, a data aggregation, validation, and attribution approach was developed and applied to an analysis of the Southeastern Coastal Plains (SECP). The approach integrates information from available national land-use, natural disturbance, and land-cover data to efficiently assess spatially-specific changes and causes. Between 2001 and 2006, the processes of change affected 7.8 % of the SECP but varied across small-scale ecoregions. Processes were placed into a simple conceptual framework to explicitly identify the type and direction of change based on three general characteristics: replacement, recurrence, and recovery. Replacement processes, whereby a land use or cover is supplanted by a new land use, including urbanization and agricultural expansion, accounted for approximately 15 % of the extent of change. Recurrent processes that contribute to cyclical changes in land cover, including forest harvest/replanting and fire, accounted for 83 %. Most forest cover changes were recurrent, while the extents of recurrent silviculture and forest replacement processes such as urbanization far exceeded forest recovery processes. The total extent of landscape recovery, from prior land use to natural or semi-natural vegetation cover, accounted for less than 3 % of change. In a region of complex change, increases in transitory grassland and shrubland covers were caused by large-scale intensive plantation silviculture and small-scale activities including mining reclamation. Explicit identification of the process types and dynamics presented here may improve the understanding of land-cover change and landscape trajectory. C1 [Drummond, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stier, Michael P.; Riegle, Jodi L.; Hester, David J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Auch, Roger F.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Taylor, Janis L.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Griffith, Glenn E.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Soulard, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McBeth, Jamie L.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Drummond, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, 2150C Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM madrummond@usgs.gov OI Auch, Roger/0000-0002-5382-5044; Soulard, Christopher/0000-0002-5777-9516 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change mission area FX The authors thank the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change mission area for support of this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1252 EP 1271 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0574-1 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU7KY UT WOS:000363718100018 PM 26163198 ER PT J AU Bushon, RN Brady, AMG Lindsey, BD AF Bushon, Rebecca N. Brady, Amie M. G. Lindsey, Bruce D. TI Holding-time and method comparisons for the analysis of fecal-indicator bacteria in groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Fecal-indicator bacteria; Groundwater; Holding time; Method comparison ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER SAMPLES; DRINKING-WATER; ENTEROCOCCI; TEMPERATURE; ENUMERATION; ENTEROLERT; SURVIVAL; QUALITY; STORAGE AB As part of the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program, groundwater samples from domestic-and public-supply wells were collected and analyzed for fecal-indicator bacteria. A holding time comparison for total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterococci was done by analyzing samples within 8 h using presence/absence methods and within 18-30 h using quantitative methods. The data indicate that results obtained within 18-30 h were not significantly different from those obtained within 8 h for total coliforms and enterococci, by Colilert (R) and Enterolert (R) methods (IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME), respectively. Quantitative laboratory methods for samples analyzed within 18-30 h showed a statistically significant higher detection frequency when compared to presence/absence methods done within 8 h for the following methods, E. coli by Colilert and enterococci by membrane filtration on mEI agar. Additionally, a comparison of methods for the enumeration of enterococci was done. Using non-parametric statistical analyses, results from the two methods were statistically different. In this study, the membrane filtration method on mEI agar was more sensitive, resulted in more detections of enterococci, and results were easier to interpret than with the quantitative Enterolert method. The quantitative Enterolert method produced varying levels of fluorescence, which required additional verification steps to eliminate false-positive results. It may be more advantageous to analyze untreated groundwater for enterococci using the membrane filtration method on mEI agar. C1 [Bushon, Rebecca N.; Brady, Amie M. G.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Lindsey, Bruce D.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Bushon, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM RNBushon@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. We thank the field crews from the various US Geological Survey Water Science Centers for their assistance in collecting and processing samples, as well as Jeannie Barlow, Laura Bexfield, and Paul Stackelberg for their coordination of field activities. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 187 IS 11 AR 672 DI 10.1007/s10661-015-4887-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV0SS UT WOS:000363964000014 PM 26439125 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA AF Mebane, Christopher A. TI Biological arguments for selecting effect sizes in ecotoxicological testing-A governmental perspective Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHRONIC TOXICITY; TROUT; GROWTH; SALMON; COPPER C1 US Geol Survey, Boise, ID USA. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boise, ID USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2440 EP 2442 DI 10.1002/etc.3108 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CU7HA UT WOS:000363706100004 PM 26496135 ER PT J AU Frew, JA Sadilek, M Grue, CE AF Frew, John A. Sadilek, Martin Grue, Christian E. TI Assessing the risk to green sturgeon from application of imidacloprid to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, WashingtonPart I: Exposure characterization SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Green sturgeon; Imidacloprid; Exposure characterization; Burrowing shrimp; Willapa Bay ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; INSECT; ESTUARIES; NEONICOTINOIDS; SPECIFICITY; CARBARYL; OYSTERS AB Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor (WA, USA) comprise the largest region of commercial oyster cultivation on the Pacific Coast. The activities of 2 species of burrowing shrimp impair growth and survival of oysters reared on the intertidal mudflats. To maintain viable harvests, the oyster growers have proposed controlling the shrimp by applying the insecticide imidacloprid onto harvested beds. Green sturgeon (listed in the Endangered Species Act) forage on burrowing shrimp and could be exposed to imidacloprid in the sediment porewater and through consumed prey. Studies were conducted to evaluate the likelihood that green sturgeon would be exposed to imidacloprid and to characterize the subsequent environmental exposure. Comparisons between treated and untreated control beds following test application of the insecticide suggested that green sturgeon fed opportunistically on imidacloprid-impaired shrimp. The highest interpolated imidacloprid residue concentrations in field samples following chemical application were 27.8 mu g kg(-1) and 31.4 mu g kg(-1) in porewater and shrimp, respectively. Results from modeled branchial and dietary uptake, based on conservative assumptions, indicated that the porewater exposure route had the greatest contribution to systemic absorption of imidacloprid. The highest average daily uptake from porewater (177.9 mu g kg(-1) body wt) was 9.5-fold greater than total dietary uptake (18.8 mu g kg(-1) body wt). Concentrations and durations of exposure would be lower than the levels expected to elicit direct acute or chronic toxic effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2533-2541. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Frew, John A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sadilek, Martin] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grue, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Frew, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM frew.john@gmail.com FU Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration; Washington State Legislature; University of Idaho/US Department of Agriculture Aquaculture Initiative; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; US Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington State University; Washington State Department of Ecology; Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington State Department of Natural Resources FX The authors thank V. Blackhurst and M. Grassley, Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, for assistance with animal care and laboratory preparation; S. Troiano, University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, for assistance in field studies; K. Patten, Washington State University-Long Beach, for assistance with the experimental field application of imidacloprid; and 3 anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The present study was supported by the Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association, Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, Washington State Legislature, University of Idaho/US Department of Agriculture Aquaculture Initiative, University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is financially supported by the US Geological Survey, University of Washington, Washington State University, and the Washington State Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2533 EP 2541 DI 10.1002/etc.3089 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CU7HA UT WOS:000363706100015 PM 26031486 ER PT J AU Frew, JA Grue, CE AF Frew, John A. Grue, Christian E. TI Assessing the risk to green sturgeon from application of imidacloprid to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, WashingtonPart II: Controlled exposure studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Green sturgeon; Imidacloprid; Effects characterization; Burrowing shrimp; Willapa Bay ID ESTUARIES; RECEPTORS; JUVENILE; RESIDUES; INSECT AB The activities of 2 species of burrowing shrimp have a negative impact on the growth and survival of oysters reared on intertidal mudflats in Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, Washington (USA). To maintain viable harvests, oyster growers proposed the application of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid onto harvested beds for the control of burrowing shrimp. In test applications, water column concentrations of imidacloprid were relatively low and dissipated rapidly. The foraging activities of the green sturgeon (listed in the US Endangered Species Act) could result in exposure to higher, more sustained imidacloprid concentrations within sediment porewater and from the consumption of contaminated shrimp. Controlled experiments were conducted using surrogate white sturgeon to determine acute and chronic effect concentrations, to examine overt effects at more environmentally realistic concentrations and durations of exposure, and to assess chemical depuration. The 96-h median lethal concentration was 124mgL(-1), and the predicted 35-d no-observed-adverse-effect concentration was 0.7mgL(-1). No overt effects were observed following environmentally relevant exposures. Imidacloprid half-life in plasma was greater than 32h. Measured concentrations of imidacloprid in porewater were significantly lower than the derived acute and chronic effect concentrations for white sturgeon. Exposure risk quotients were calculated using the effect concentrations and estimated environmental exposure. The resulting values were considerably below the level of concern for direct effects from either acute or chronic exposure to an endangered species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2542-2548. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Frew, John A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grue, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Frew, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM frew.john@gmail.com FU Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration; Washington State Legislature; University of Idaho/US Department of Agriculture Aquaculture Initiative; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; US Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington State University; Washington State Department of Ecology; Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington State Department of Natural Resources FX The authors thank V. Blackhurst and M. Grassley, Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; S. Troiano, University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; P. Hershberger of the US Geological Survey, Marrowstone Marine Station; O. Langness and P. Dione, Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife; K. Patten, Washington State University-Long Beach; and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The present study was supported by the Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association, Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, Washington State Legislature, University of Idaho/US Department of Agriculture Aquaculture Initiative, University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is financially supported by the US Geological Survey, University of Washington, Washington State University, and the Washington State Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2542 EP 2548 DI 10.1002/etc.3090 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CU7HA UT WOS:000363706100016 PM 26351255 ER PT J AU Cosenza, A Lima, A Ayuso, RA Foley, NK Albanese, S Messina, A De Vivo, B AF Cosenza, A. Lima, A. Ayuso, R. A. Foley, N. K. Albanese, S. Messina, A. De Vivo, B. TI Soil geochemical survey of abandoned mining sites in the Eastern-Central Peloritani Mountains, Sicily, Italy SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Peloritani Mountains; topsoil contamination; Pb isotopic ratios ID EVOLUTION; GOLD; WESTERN; CHAINS; UNIT; ARC AB This investigation focused on topsoils (n = 122) and vertical profiles (n = 6) distributed over an area of 250 km(2) in the eastern-central Peloritani Mountains, northeastern Sicily. Georeferenced concentration of 53 elements (including potentially harmful ones), determined by ICP-MS after an aqua regia leach, were used to produce geochemical maps by means of a GIS-aided spatial interpolation process. Results show that there are two distinct areas: the larger, located between the Fiumendinisi, Budali and Ali villages, and the other between C. Postlioni and Femmina Morta, which contain anomalous As (up to 727 mg/kg), Sb (up to 60 mg/kg), Ag (up to 1 mg/kg) and Au (up to 0.1 mg/kg) concentrations. Most of the investigated areas have high contamination levels for As, Zn, Sb, and Pb that exceed the threshold values (As = 20 mg/kg, Zn = 150 mg/kg, Sb = 10 mg/kg and Pb = 100 mg/kg) established for soils by the Italian Environmental Law (Decreto Legislativo 2006, number 152). The isotopic ratios of Pb-206/Pb-207 and Pb-208/Pb-207 have been measured in selected soils on both leaches [using 1M HNO3- 1.75M HCl (50: 50)] and residues thereof. Soil leach reflects possible anthropogenic contamination, whereas soil residues indicate geogenic contributions. Results suggest that most of contamination in the soils is related to the presence of sulphide and sulphosalt rock-forming minerals in the surveyed area. The soil fraction contains a Pb value >1600 mg/kg and has ratios of 1.1695 for Pb-206/Pb-207 and 2.4606 for Pb-208/Pb-207. Only one soil leach isotopic composition could reflect possible anthropogenic contamination. The correlation among As, Zn, Pb contents v. Pb isotopic signatures of Pb-206/Pb-207 indicates that surface and deep soils collected from profiles are dominated by geogenic compositions. C1 [Cosenza, A.; Lima, A.; Albanese, S.; De Vivo, B.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Ayuso, R. A.; Foley, N. K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Messina, A.] Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, I-98165 Messina, Italy. RP Cosenza, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. EM antonio.cosenza@unina.it NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7873 EI 2041-4943 J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1144/geochem2014-307 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU8OZ UT WOS:000363803900008 ER PT J AU Yang, LQ Deng, J Dilek, Y Qiu, KF Ji, XZ Li, N Taylor, RD Yu, JY AF Yang, Li-Qiang Deng, Jun Dilek, Yildirim Qiu, Kun-Feng Ji, Xing-Zhong Li, Nan Taylor, Ryan D. Yu, Jin-Yuan TI Structure, geochronology, and petrogenesis of the Late Triassic Puziba granitoid dikes in the Mianlue suture zone, Qinling orogen, China SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SLAB BREAK-OFF; ND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; PB ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; YANGSHAN GOLD BELT; LACHLAN FOLD BELT; COLLECTOR ICP-MS; A-TYPE GRANITES; SHRIMP U-PB; TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE AB We present structural field observations, in situ zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotopic compositions, geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotope data from the Puziba granitoid intrusions in the Qinling orogenic belt (China). These intrusions occur as ENE-WSW-oriented dike swarms in a highly deformed phyllite-matrix melange along several major fault zones within the Mianlue suture zone. Granitoid rocks have a relatively wide range of SiO2 (69-77 wt%, volatile-free) and total alkali contents (Na2O + K2O = 2.76-4.83 wt%), and K2O/Na2O ratios >1, and they mostly fall in the granite-granodiorite fields in the total alkalis versus silica diagram. They display relative enrichments of light rare earth elements (LREEs) and relatively flat heavy rare earth elements patterns (HREEs) with weak negative Eu anomalies (delta Eu = 0.56-0.95) on chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) diagrams. They show enrichment in Th and Zr and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, P, and Ti). They are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and LREEs and have low zircon epsilon(Hf)(t) (-2.8 to 4.2) values, relatively high initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios (0.7107-0.7188), and variable Mg# (22-46). Their U-Pb zircon crystallization age is ca. 215 Ma, but they also show inherited zircon age clusters in the Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Paleozoic, with two prominent peaks at ca. 753 Ma and ca. 805 Ma. The high Rb and Ta elemental abundances, smooth chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and epsilon(Nd)(t) values (-5 to -3) of the Puziba dike rocks characterize them as K-rich, calc-alkaline granites. Their magmas were derived from partial melting of garnet-amphibole-bearing lower crust that was triggered by slab breakoff-induced asthenospheric upwelling in the aftermath of the oblique collision of the North and South China blocks during the Late Triassic. Emplacement of the ENE-WSW-oriented Puziba dike swarms was associated with a transtensional stress regime along/across the collisional Mianlue suture zone. C1 [Yang, Li-Qiang; Deng, Jun; Dilek, Yildirim; Qiu, Kun-Feng; Ji, Xing-Zhong; Li, Nan] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Dilek, Yildirim] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Taylor, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Yu, Jin-Yuan] Chinese Armed Police Force, Gold Mine Detachment 12, Chengdu 610036, Peoples R China. RP Yang, LQ (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM lqyang@cugb.edu.cn OI Taylor, Ryan D/0000-0002-8845-5290 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2015CB452605, 2015CB452606]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41030423]; Public Welfare Scientific Research Funding [201411048]; 111 Project [B07011]; Geological Investigation Work Project of the China Geological Survey [1212011121090]; China University of Geosciences (Beijing) FX We are grateful to Di-Cheng Zhu of China University of Geosciences, Beijing, who provided insightful comments on an early version of our manuscript. This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (grants 2015CB452605 and 2015CB452606), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41030423), the Public Welfare Scientific Research Funding (grant 201411048), the 111 Project (grant B07011), and the Geological Investigation Work Project of the China Geological Survey (grant 1212011121090). Y. Dilek acknowledges the Distinguished Foreign Professor research funds provided by the China University of Geosciences (Beijing) for this study. Thorough and insightful reviews for the GSA Bulletin by J. Lawford Anderson, Bernard Bonin, and Associate Editor Calvin Miller were most helpful and helped us improve the organization and science in the paper. We thank these reviewers and Editor Christian Koeberl for their constructive feedback on our paper. NR 124 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 23 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 127 IS 11-12 BP 1831 EP 1854 DI 10.1130/B31249.1 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV3XT UT WOS:000364200700023 ER PT J AU Ault, TR Schwartz, MD Zurita-Milla, R Weltzin, JF Betancourt, JL AF Ault, Toby R. Schwartz, Mark D. Zurita-Milla, Raul Weltzin, Jake F. Betancourt, Julio L. TI Trends and Natural Variability of Spring Onset in the Coterminous United States as Evaluated by a New Gridded Dataset of Spring Indices SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; Decadal variability; Interannual variability; Multidecadal variability; Spring season; Agriculture ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; PHENOLOGY NETWORK; CLIMATE; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE; TELECONNECTIONS; IMPACTS; TERRAIN; USA AB Climate change is expected to modify the timing of seasonal transitions this century, impacting wildlife migrations, ecosystem function, and agricultural activity. Tracking seasonal transitions in a consistent manner across space and through time requires indices that can be used for monitoring and managing biophysical and ecological systems during the coming decades. Here a new gridded dataset of spring indices is described and used to understand interannual, decadal, and secular trends across the coterminous United States. This dataset is derived from daily interpolated meteorological data, and the results are compared with historical station data to ensure the trends and variations are robust. Regional trends in the first leaf index range from -0.8 to -1.6 days decade(-1), while first bloom index trends are between -0.4 and -1.2 for most regions. However, these trends are modulated by interannual to multidecadal variations, which are substantial throughout the regions considered here. These findings emphasize the important role large-scale climate modes of variability play in modulating spring onset on interannual to multidecadal time scales. Finally, there is some potential for successful subseasonal forecasts of spring onset, as indices from most regions are significantly correlated with antecedent large-scale modes of variability. C1 [Ault, Toby R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Zurita-Milla, Raul] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Weltzin, Jake F.] US Geol Survey, USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ault, TR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1113 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM toby.ault@cornell.edu RI Zurita-Milla, Raul/E-9333-2010 FU U.S. Geological Survey [G13AC00248] FX This project was facilitated in large part by the USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN; https://www.usanpn.org/). We are especially grateful to Alyssa Rosemartin and the National Coordinating Office of the USA-NPN for providing logistical support and feedback. The SI models were developed using phenological data that are now available from the National Phenology database at the USA National Phenology Network. The project described in this publication was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement G13AC00248 from the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 28 IS 21 BP 8363 EP 8378 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00736.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU8BN UT WOS:000363766200004 ER PT J AU Grace, JB AF Grace, James B. TI Taking a systems approach to ecological systems SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Increasingly, there is interest in a systems-level understanding of ecological problems, which requires the evaluation of more complex, causal hypotheses. In this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, Soliveres et al. use structural equation modeling to test a causal network hypothesis about how tree canopies affect understorey communities. Historical analysis suggests structural equation modeling has been under-utilized in ecology. C1 US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gracej@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1027 DI 10.1111/jvs.12340 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA CV3GO UT WOS:000364147300001 ER PT J AU Shryock, DF Esque, TC Chen, FC AF Shryock, Daniel F. Esque, Todd C. Chen, Felicia C. TI Topography and climate are more important drivers of long-term, post-fire vegetation assembly than time-since-fire in the Sonoran Desert, US SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arid land; Chronosequence; Fire; Sonoran Desert; Succession; Time-since-fire; Vegetation assembly; Vegetation structure ID PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CREOSOTE BUSH SCRUB; MOJAVE DESERT; YUCCA-BREVIFOLIA; CROWN-FIRE; PATTERNS; SHRUBLANDS; CALIFORNIA; REGENERATION; LANDSCAPE AB Questions: Do abiotic environmental filters or time-since-fire (TSF) explain more variability in post-fire vegetation assembly? Do these influences vary between vegetation structure and composition, and across spatial scales? Location: Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona, US. Methods: We measured perennial vegetation in a chronosequence of 13 fires (8-33 yr TSF) spanning a broad regional gradient. The relative influence of environmental filters (topography and climate) and TSF were compared as predictors of long-term, post-fire vegetation assembly. Analyses considered different measures of vegetation structure (cover, height and density) and scales of community organization (species composition, structure and landscape). Results: Species and growth form composition did not exhibit directional responses with increasing TSF, but sorted along abiotic gradients. Differences in vegetation cover and height between burned and unburned control areas were attributed primarily to gradients of topography and climate. In contrast, vegetation density initially increased in burned areas but declined to pre-burn levels with increasing TSF. The strongest predictors of landscape-scale recovery of vegetation cover, height and density were elevation, post-fire precipitation and average annual precipitation, respectively. Recovery of vegetation height was positively correlated with precipitation in the first year following fire, suggesting that abiotic conditions of the immediate post-fire environment may drive long-term variability in vegetation structure. Conclusions: We find substantial evidence that environmental filters, rather than TSF, drive the majority of variability in long-term, post-fire vegetation assembly within the Sonoran Desert. Careful consideration of spatial variability in abiotic conditions may benefit post-fire vegetation modelling, as well as fire management and restoration strategies. C1 [Shryock, Daniel F.; Esque, Todd C.; Chen, Felicia C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. RP Shryock, DF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. EM dshryock@usgs.gov; tesque@usgs.gov; fchen@usgs.gov OI Shryock, Daniel/0000-0003-0330-9815 FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) through an interagency partnership. This manuscript was improved by guidance from Tim Hughes and reviews from Lesley DeFalco, Roy Averill-Murray, Kenneth Nussear and two anonymous reviewers. The experiments described here comply with all rules and regulations pertaining to the land and resources where they were performed. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1134 EP 1147 DI 10.1111/jvs.12324 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA CV3GO UT WOS:000364147300013 ER PT J AU Howard, RJ Krauss, KW Cormier, N Day, RH Biagas, J Allain, L AF Howard, Rebecca J. Krauss, Ken W. Cormier, Nicole Day, Richard H. Biagas, Janelda Allain, Larry TI Plant-plant interactions in a subtropical mangrove-to-marsh transition zone: effects of environmental drivers SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; Brackish marsh; Ecotone; Flooding; Gulf of Mexico; Hydrology; Interspecific interactions; Laguncularia racemosa; Mangrove migration; Salinity; Salt marsh; Transition zone ID GAS-EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALT-MARSHES; TIDAL MARSH; SEA-LEVEL; FORESTS; RECRUITMENT; SALINITY; FLORIDA AB Questions: Does the presence of herbaceous vegetation affect the establishment success of mangrove tree species in the transition zone between subtropical coastal mangrove forests and marshes? How do plant-plant interactions in this transition zone respond to variation in two primary coastal environmental drivers? Location: Subtropical coastal region of the southern United States. Methods: We conducted a greenhouse study to better understand how abiotic factors affect plant species interactions in the mangrove-to-marsh transition zone, or ecotone. We manipulated salinity (fresh, brackish or salt water) and hydrologic conditions (continuously saturated or 20-cm tidal range) to simulate ecotonal environments. Propagules of the mangroves Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa were introduced to mesocosms containing an established marsh community. Both mangrove species were also introduced to containers lacking other vegetation. We monitored mangrove establishment success and survival over 22 mo. Mangrove growth was measured as stem height and above-ground biomass. Stem height, stem density and above-ground biomass of the dominant marsh species were documented. Results: Establishment success of A. germinans was reduced under saturated saltwater conditions, but establishment of L. racemosa was not affected by experimental treatments. There was complete mortality of A. germinans in mesocosms under freshwater conditions, and very low survival of L. racemosa. In contrast, survival of both species in monoculture under freshwater conditions exceeded 62%. The marsh species Distichlis spicata and Eleocharis cellulosa suppressed growth of both mangroves throughout the experiment, whereas the mangroves did not affect herbaceous species growth. The magnitude of growth suppression by marsh species varied with environmental conditions; suppression was often higher in saturated compared to tidal conditions, and higher in fresh and salt water compared to brackish water. Conclusions: Our results indicate that herbaceous marsh species can suppress mangrove early seedling growth. Depending on species composition and density, marsh plants can slow mangrove landward migration under predicted climate change scenarios as salinity in freshwater and oligohaline wetlands increases with rising sea levels. Change in the relative coverage of mangrove forests and marshes will depend on both the ability of marsh species to migrate further inland as mangroves advance, and the ability of shoreline mangroves to adjust to rising sea level through accretionary processes. C1 [Howard, Rebecca J.; Krauss, Ken W.; Cormier, Nicole; Day, Richard H.; Biagas, Janelda; Allain, Larry] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Howard, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM howardr@usgs.gov; kraussk@usgs.gov; cormiern@usgs.gov; dayr@usgs.gov; biagasj@usgs.gov; allainl@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through Intra-Agency [401818N511] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through Intra-Agency Agreement 401818N511. We appreciate the assistance of Andrew From, Sergio Merino, Thomas Michot and Camille Stagg during data collection, and Darren Johnson for conducting statistical analyses. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1198 EP 1211 DI 10.1111/jvs.12309 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA CV3GO UT WOS:000364147300018 ER PT J AU Reisner, MD Doescher, PS Pyke, DA AF Reisner, Michael D. Doescher, Paul S. Pyke, David A. TI Stress-gradient hypothesis explains susceptibility to Bromus tectorum invasion and community stability in North America's semi-arid Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; Caespitose bunchgrass; Cattle; Cheatgrass; Competition; Disturbance; Facilitation; Heat stress; Sagebrush; Water stress ID HERBACEOUS VEGETATION HETEROGENEITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; SSP WYOMINGENSIS; FACILITATION; COMPETITION; DISTURBANCE; STEPPE AB Questions: (1) What combinations of overlapping water and heat stress and herbivory disturbance gradients are associated with shifts in interactions between Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis (Artemisia) and herbaceous beneficiary species? (2) Do interactions between Artemisia and beneficiaries shift from competition to facilitation with increasing stress-disturbance where facilitation and competition are most frequent and strongest at the highest and lowest levels, respectively? (3) Do such relationships differ for native and non-native beneficiaries? (4) What are the implications of any observed shifts in interactions between community compositional stability in space and susceptibility to invasion? Location: North American Artemisia communities. Methods: We tested the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH) in an observational study consisting of 75 sites located along overlapping water and heat stress and disturbance gradients. We used spatial patterns of association among Artemisia and six native and two non-native beneficiary species; including the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum, representing a diverse array of life history strategies, to infer whether the net outcome of interactions was facilitation or competition. We assessed implications for community stability by examining shifts in community composition in space and resistance to invasion. Results/Conclusions: Cattle herbivory, a novel disturbance and selective force, was a significant component of two overlapping stress gradients most strongly associated with observed shifts in interactions. Facilitation and competition were strongest and most frequent at the highest and lowest stress levels along both gradients, respectively. Contrasting ecological optima among native and non-native beneficiaries led to strikingly different patterns of interactions. The four native bunchgrasses with the strongest competitive response abilities exhibited the strongest facilitation at their upper limits of stress tolerance, while the two non-natives exhibited the strongest competition at the highest stress levels, which coincided with their maximum abundance. Artemisia facilitation enhanced stability at intermediate stress levels by providing a refuge for native bunchgrasses, which in turn reduced the magnitude of B. tectorum invasion. However, facilitation was a destabilizing force at the highest stress levels when native bunchgrasses became obligate beneficiaries dependent on facilitation for their persistence. B. tectorum dominated these communities, and the next fire may convert them to annual grasslands. C1 [Reisner, Michael D.; Doescher, Paul S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest Rangeland & Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reisner, MD (reprint author), Augustana Coll, Environm Studies, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. EM michaelreisner@augustana.edu; paul.doescher@oregonstate.edu; david_a_pyke@usgs.gov FU Sagebrush Steppe Treatment and Evaluation Project - US Joint Fire Sciences Program [73]; Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project; US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and Oregon State University FX We thank our field assistants and families. We give special thanks to Dr. Bruce McCune and Dr. James Grace for statistical advice. This is contribution #73 from the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment and Evaluation Project, funded by the US Joint Fire Sciences Program and by the Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project, US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and Oregon State University. The use of any trade, product or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1212 EP 1224 DI 10.1111/jvs.12327 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA CV3GO UT WOS:000364147300019 ER PT J AU Craig, N Jones, SE Weidel, BC Solomon, CT AF Craig, Nicola Jones, Stuart E. Weidel, Brian C. Solomon, Christopher T. TI Habitat, not resource availability, limits consumer production in lake ecosystems SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BENTHIC SECONDARY PRODUCTION; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; ZOOBENTHIC BIOMASS; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; TEMPERATE LAKES; BOREAL LAKES; WATER COLOR; FOOD WEBS; ZOOPLANKTON AB Food web productivity in lakes can be limited by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which reduces fish production by limiting the abundance of their zoobenthic prey. We demonstrate that in a set of 10 small, north temperate lakes spanning a wide DOC gradient, these negative effects of high DOC concentrations on zoobenthos production are driven primarily by availability of warm, well-oxygenated habitat, rather than by light limitation of benthic primary production as previously proposed. There was no significant effect of benthic primary production on zoobenthos production after controlling for oxygen, even though stable isotope analysis indicated that zoobenthos do use this resource. Mean whole-lake zoobenthos production was lower in high-DOC lakes with reduced availability of oxygenated habitat, as was fish biomass. These insights improve understanding of lake food webs and inform management in the face of spatial variability and ongoing temporal change in lake DOC concentrations. C1 [Craig, Nicola; Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Jones, Stuart E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. RP Craig, N (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. EM nicola.craig@mail.mcgill.ca RI Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014 OI Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The staff of the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center facilitated our field work there. Technical assistance was provided by James Coloso, Alexandra Sumner, Katherine Baglini, Sean Godwin, Patrick Kelly, Rachel Pilla, and Jacob Zwart. Comments from the anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 1940 to the Great Lakes Science Center. Funding was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 60 IS 6 BP 2079 EP 2089 DI 10.1002/lno.10153 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CU9TO UT WOS:000363888400016 ER PT J AU Babcock, C Finley, AO Bradford, JB Kolka, R Birdsey, R Ryan, MG AF Babcock, Chad Finley, Andrew O. Bradford, John B. Kolka, Randall Birdsey, Richard Ryan, Michael G. TI LiDAR based prediction of forest biomass using hierarchical models with spatially varying coefficients SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical models; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Gaussian process; Geospatial; LiDAR; Forest biomass ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; REGRESSION-MODELS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; CANOPY HEIGHT; VARIABLES; SPACE; RETRIEVAL; ACCURACY; FUSION AB Many studies and production inventory systems have shown the utility of coupling covariates derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with forest variables measured on georeferenced inventory plots through regression models. The objective of this study was to propose and assess the use of a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework that accommodates both residual spatial dependence and non-stationarity of model covariates through the introduction of spatial random effects. We explored this objective using four forest inventory datasets that are part of the North American Carbon Program, each comprising point-referenced measures of above-ground forest biomass and discrete LiDAR. For each dataset, we considered at least five regression model specifications of varying complexity. Models were assessed based on goodness of fit criteria and predictive performance using a 10-fold cross-validation procedure. Results showed that the addition of spatial random effects to the regression model intercept improved fit and predictive performance in the presence of substantial residual spatial dependence. Additionally, in some cases, allowing either some or all regression slope parameters to vary spatially, via the addition of spatial random effects, further improved model fit and predictive performance. In other instances, models showed improved fit but decreased predictive performance indicating over-fitting and underscoring the need for cross-validation to assess predictive ability. The proposed Bayesian modeling framework provided access to pixel-level posterior predictive distributions that were useful for uncertainty mapping, diagnosing spatial extrapolation issues, revealing missing model covariates, and discovering locally significant parameters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Babcock, Chad] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kolka, Randall] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. [Birdsey, Richard] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Finley, AO (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM finleya@msu.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Babcock, Chad/0000-0001-9597-4462 FU National Science Foundation [DMS-1106609, EF-1137309, EF-1241874, EF-1253225]; National Aeronautical and Space Administration Carbon Monitoring System; USDA Forest Service; [NNH08AH971] FX This work was partially supported by grants from the National Science Foundation DMS-1106609, EF-1137309, EF-1241874, and EF-1253225, National Aeronautical and Space Administration Carbon Monitoring System and NNH08AH971, and the USDA Forest Service. Special thanks to the anonymous reviewers. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 169 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.028 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CU8TB UT WOS:000363815900008 ER PT J AU Qu, FF Lu, Z Zhang, Q Bawden, GW Kim, JW Zhao, CY Qu, W AF Qu, Feifei Lu, Zhong Zhang, Qin Bawden, Gerald W. Kim, Jin-Woo Zhao, Chaoying Qu, Wei TI Mapping ground deformation over Houston-Galveston, Texas using multi-temporal InSAR SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE InSAR; Multi-temporal InSAR; Subsidence; Aquifer; Fault; Oil field; Salt dome; Houston ID DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROGRAMS; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; LAND SUBSIDENCE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; TIME-SERIES; LOS-ANGELES; LAS-VEGAS; BASIN; EARTHQUAKE; SCATTERERS AB Houston-Galveston (HG) region in Texas has been subsiding due to the combined effects of groundwater withdrawal, hydrocarbon extraction, salt dome movement, and faulting. This human- and partially nature-induced ground deformation has gradually threatened the stability of urban infrastructure and caused the loss of wetland habitat along the Gulf of Mexico. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques can measure ground motions in high spatial resolution over large coverage. The purpose of this study is to map the spatial and temporal variations in surface deformation around the HG region using a Multi-Temporal InSAR (MTI) technique and to assess the role of fluid withdrawal (groundwater withdrawal and hydrocarbon extraction), salt tectonics, and fault activity in land surface deformation. MTI-derived land surface deformation measurements are then compared to GPS and extensometer observations, geologic and hydrologic data, and information about hydrocarbon extraction to address the causes of the observed deformation. The MTI measurements based on ERS-1/2 datasets have mapped regional subsidence up to 53 mm/yr in the northwestern HG as well as a slight uplift at 20 mm/yr in the southeastern HG from 1993 to 2000. InSAR measurements obtained from Envisat and ALOS data reveal subsidence rate of up to 30 mm/yr over the northwestern HG between 2004 and 2011. Our results indicate that the pattern of ground deformation was nearly concentric around locations of intense groundwater withdrawal and the spatial extent of the subsiding area has been shrinking and migrating toward the northeast after 2000. We have resolved localized ground subsidence cones over hydrocarbon exploration fields, which were likely caused by reservoir compaction. We have differentiated ground surface deformation over salt domes, which was due to ongoing differential movement of individual salt spines. We have identified 5-40 mm/yr differential subsidence across a number of faults in the region. These faults functioned as water barriers disrupting the integrity of ground water flow and aggravating localized surface displacements. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Qu, Feifei; Zhang, Qin; Zhao, Chaoying; Qu, Wei] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian 710054, Peoples R China. [Qu, Feifei; Lu, Zhong; Kim, Jin-Woo] So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Bawden, Gerald W.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, POB 750395, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. FU Chang'an University [2013G5260004]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41274004, 41274005, 41304016, 41372375, 41202189]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program) [2014CB744703]; China Scholarship Council; Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University FX This research was supported by the Doctor Postgraduate Technical Project of Chang'an University (Grant No. 2013G5260004), the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (project Nos: 41274004, 41274005, 41304016, 41372375 and 41202189), and National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program) (Grant No. 2014CB744703). Feifei Qu would also like to thank China Scholarship Council for funding her study at Southern Methodist University. Zhong Lu was supported by the Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University. 1 arc-seconds SRTM DEMs are freely downloaded from http://dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/. Thanks go to the StaMPS software package, which can be freely downloaded from http://homepages.seeleeds.ac.uk/similar to earahoo/stamps/index.html. All Ground water data used in the study are archived in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS), which are freely downloaded from http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/gw. Salt dome data are freely downloaded from http://certmapper.cr.usgs.gov/data/gulf/gulflib/spatial/shape/gcdiapirg. zip. Drilling Info's database of oil/gas wells are acquired from Drillinginfo, Inc. at http://info.drillinginfo.com/. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 169 BP 290 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.08.027 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CU8TB UT WOS:000363815900023 ER PT J AU Counihan, KL Skerratt, LF Franson, JC Hollmen, TE AF Counihan, Katrina L. Skerratt, Lee F. Franson, J. Christian Hollmen, Tuula E. TI Phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of novel adenoviruses isolated from long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian adenovirus; Long-tailed duck; Clangula hyemalis; Mortality; Polymerase chain reaction; Enteritis; Mallard; Anas platyrhynchos; Phylogeny; Serology ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; DIFFERENTIATION; MORTALITY; DISEASE; VIRUS; BIRDS AB Novel adenoviruses were isolated from a long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) mortality event near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska in 2000. The long-tailed duck adenovirus genome was approximately 27 kb. A 907 bp hexon gene segment was used to design primers specific for the long-tailed duck adenovirus. Nineteen isolates were phylogenetically characterized based on portions of their hexon gene and 12 were most closely related to Goose adenovirus A. The remaining 7 shared no hexon sequences with any known adenoviruses. Experimental infections of mallards with a long-tailed duck reference adenovirus caused mild lymphoid infiltration of the intestine and paint brush hemorrhages of the mucosa and dilation of the intestine. This study shows novel adenoviruses from long-tailed ducks are diverse and provides further evidence that they should be considered in cases of morbidity and mortality in sea ducks. Conserved and specific primers have been developed that will help screen sea ducks for adenoviral infections. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Counihan, Katrina L.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Skerratt, Lee F.; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Skerratt, Lee F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Skerratt, Lee F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Hollmen, Tuula E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Hollmen, Tuula E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Counihan, KL (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, POB 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM katrinac@alaskasealife.org OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Species at Risk Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Avian Health and Disease Program [F12AP00801] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Species at Risk Program and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Avian Health and Disease Program. Grant # F12AP00801. We thank Peter Vertz for care of experimental animals and Diana Goldberg for assistance with experiments. We thank Mary Bozza, Douglas Docherty, Renee Long, and Ann Riddle for assistance with virological work and Scott Taylor for providing tissue cultures and virus storage media. We thank Judy Williamson, Sean Nashold and Wallace Hansen for discussions regarding molecular work. John Pearce and Erik Hofmeister provided helpful comments on the draft manuscript. Susan Knowles and Karen Cunningham assisted with Fig. 5. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 2015 VL 485 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2015.07.026 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA CV1DH UT WOS:000363993100041 PM 26342465 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ Fuller, CC Orlando, J Moore, PE AF Drexler, Judith Z. Fuller, Christopher C. Orlando, James Moore, Peggy E. TI Recent rates of carbon accumulation in montane fens of Yosemite National Park, California, USA SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; NORTHEAST CHINA; PB-210; MOUNTAINS; ECOSYSTEM; PEATLAND; CS-137; CHRONOLOGY; ACCRETION; DYNAMICS AB Little is known about recent rates of carbon storage in montane peatlands, particularly in the western United States. Here we report on recent rates of carbon accumulation (past 50 to 100 years) in montane groundwater-fed peatlands (fens) of Yosemite National Park in central California, U.S.A. Peat cores were collected at three sites ranging in elevation from 2070 to 2500 m. Core sections were analyzed for bulk density, % organic carbon, and Pb-210 activities for dating purposes. Organic carbon densities ranged from 0.026 to 0.065 g C cm(-3). Mean vertical accretion rates estimated using Pb-210 over the 50-year period from similar to 1960 to 2011 and the 100-year period from similar to 1910 to 2011 were 0.28 (standard deviation = +/- 0.09) and 0.18 (+/--0.04) cm yr(-1), respectively. Mean carbon accumulation rates over the 50- and 100-year periods were 95.4 (+/- 25.4) and 74.7 (+/- 17.2) g C m(-2) yr(-1), respectively. Such rates are similar to recent rates of carbon accumulation in rich fens in western Canada, but more studies are needed to definitively establish both the similarities and differences in peat formation between boreal and temperate montane fens. C1 [Drexler, Judith Z.; Orlando, James] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95620 USA. [Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Moore, Peggy E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95620 USA. EM jdrexler@usgs.gov OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 FU U.S. Geological Survey-National Park Service Park Oriented Biological Support Program FX This project was funded by U.S. Geological Survey-National Park Service Park Oriented Biological Support Program. We thank Niki Stephanie Nicholas and others at Yosemite National Park for their support of this project. We appreciate receiving background information on Yosemite fens from David Cooper. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for offering substantial comments that improved the manuscript. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 47 IS 4 BP 657 EP 669 DI 10.1657/AAAR0015-002 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CU9KL UT WOS:000363863300006 ER PT J AU Spaulding, SA Otu, MK Wolfe, AP Baron, JS AF Spaulding, Sarah A. Otu, Megan K. Wolfe, Alexander P. Baron, Jill S. TI Paleolimnological records of nitrogen deposition in shallow, high-elevation lakes of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ALPINE LAKE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CRITICAL LOADS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIES AB Reactive nitrogen (Nr) from anthropogenic sources has been altering ecosystem function in lakes of the Rocky Mountains, other regions of western North America, and the Arctic over recent decades. The response of biota in shallow lakes to atmospheric deposition of Nr, however, has not been considered. Benthic algae are dominant in shallow, high-elevation lakes and are less sensitive to nutrient inputs than planktonic algae. Because the benthic substrate is typically more nutrient rich than the water column, shallow lakes are not expected to show evidence of anthropogenic Nr. In this study, we assessed sedimentary evidence for regional Nr deposition, sediment chronology, and the nature of algal community response in five shallow, high-elevation lakes in Grand Teton National Park (GRTE). Over 140 diatom taxa were identified from the sediments, with a relatively high species richness of taxa characteristic of oligotrophic conditions. The diatom assemblages were dominated by benthic taxa, especially motile taxa. The GRTE lakes demonstrate assemblage-wide shifts in diatoms, including the following: (1) synchronous and significant assemblage changes centered on ca. A. D. 1960; (2) pre-1960 assemblages differed significantly from post-1960 assemblages; (3) pre-1960 diatom assemblages fluctuated randomly, whereas post-1960 assemblages showed directional change; and (4) changes in delta N-15 signatures were correlated with diatom community composition. These results demonstrate recent changes in shallow high-elevation lakes that are most correlated with anthropogenic Nr. It is also possible, however, that the combined effect of Nr deposition and warming is accelerating species shifts in benthic diatoms. While uncertainties remain about the potential synergy of Nr deposition and warming, this study adds shallow lakes to the growing list of impacted high-elevation localities in western North America. C1 [Spaulding, Sarah A.; Otu, Megan K.] Univ Colorado, US Geol Survey, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wolfe, Alexander P.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Baron, Jill S.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Spaulding, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, US Geol Survey, INSTAAR, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM sspaulding@usgs.gov RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 FU National Park Services Air Resources Division (NPS award) [119720] FX This work is dedicated to the late Susan O'Ney, Grand Teton National Park. Special thanks to Ellen Porter, Tamara Blett, and Terry Svalberd of the National Park Services Air Resources Division, who helped facilitate research through funding support (NPS award #119720) and assisting with field logistics. We thank Jack Cornett and Janice Lardner of MyCore Scientific for 210Pb dating; Joy Matthews of UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility; Austin Seback for map creation, and Christine Siebold, Holly Shuss, and Holly Hughes of the Kiowa Lab; Hank Harlow and Celeste Havener of the University of Wyoming/National Park Service Field Station; Marina Potapova of Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University for field assistance and data interpretation. We are grateful to our field volunteers Heather Mosher, Katie Williams, Brooke Osborne, Julia Spencer, Chad Whaley, Lindsey Mills, and Ed Mellander who helped transport equipment to remote sites. We acknowledge laboratory assistance at University of Colorado, INSTAAR, by Anna Hermann and Wendy Roth who helped process and analyze sediment samples. Discussions with Janice Brahney and Ashley Ballantyne helped inform our interpretations. Anonymous reviewers offered suggestions that substantially improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 24 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 47 IS 4 BP 703 EP 717 DI 10.1657/AAAR0015-008 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CU9KL UT WOS:000363863300010 ER PT J AU Jorgenson, JC Raynolds, MK Reynolds, JH Benson, AM AF Jorgenson, Janet C. Raynolds, Martha K. Reynolds, Joel H. Benson, Anna-Marie TI Twenty-five year record of changes in plant cover on tundra of northeastern Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ALASKA; GLOBAL CHANGE; VEGETATION AB Northern Alaska has warmed over recent decades and satellite data indicate that vegetation productivity has increased. To document vegetation changes in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, we monitored plant cover at 27 plots between 1984 and 2009. These are among the oldest permanently marked and continuously monitored vegetation plots in the Arctic. We quantified percent cover of all plant species by line-point intercept sampling and assessed change over time for seven plant growth forms. Cover of bryophytes and deciduous shrubs showed slight decreasing trends. Evergreen shrubs, horsetails, and depth of thawed soil above permafrost had no trends. For lichens, graminoids, and forbs, trends varied by plant community type. Overall, vegetation in the plots changed little over the study period, in contrast to results from other studies in northern Alaska. A few plots had dramatic changes, however, which we attributed to subsidence from melting ground ice or to floodplain dynamics. Our results demonstrate that vegetation change on the Arctic Refuge coastal plain over the past quarter century has been spatially heterogeneous and facilitated by disturbance. The findings highlight the need for greater work linking plot-level and regional remote sensing measurements of change. C1 [Jorgenson, Janet C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Raynolds, Martha K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Reynolds, Joel H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Div Nat Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Benson, Anna-Marie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Div Nat Resources, Fairbanks, AK 99501 USA. RP Jorgenson, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM janet_jorgenson@fws.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 44 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 47 IS 4 BP 785 EP 806 DI 10.1657/AAAR0014-097 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CU9KL UT WOS:000363863300015 ER PT J AU Alley, WM Konikow, LF AF Alley, William M. Konikow, Leonard F. TI Bringing GRACE Down to Earth SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROUNDWATER DEPLETION; WATER; STORAGE; STRESS; SYSTEM C1 [Alley, William M.] Natl Ground Water Assoc, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. [Konikow, Leonard F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Alley, WM (reprint author), Natl Ground Water Assoc, 601 Dempsey Rd, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. EM wal-ley@ngwa.org NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 53 IS 6 BP 826 EP 829 DI 10.1111/gwat.12379 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CU9VM UT WOS:000363894200002 PM 26436643 ER PT J AU Toran, L Nyquist, J Rosenberry, D Gagliano, M Mitchell, N Mikochik, J AF Toran, Laura Nyquist, Jonathan Rosenberry, Donald Gagliano, Michael Mitchell, Natasha Mikochik, James TI Geophysical and Hydrologic Studies of Lake Seepage Variability SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; GROUND-WATER; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SURFACE-WATER; MIRROR LAKE; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ROAD-SALT; FLOW AB Variations in lake seepage were studied along a 130 m shoreline of Mirror Lake NH. Seepage was downward from the lake to groundwater; rates measured from 28 seepage meters varied from 0 to -282 cm/d. Causes of this variation were investigated using electrical resistivity surveys and lakebed sediment characterization. Two-dimensional (2D) resistivity surveys showed a transition in lakebed sediments from outwash to till that correlated with high- and low-seepage zones, respectively. However, the 2D survey was not able to predict smaller scale variations within these facies. In the outwash, fast seepage was associated with permeability variations in a thin (2 cm) layer of sediments at the top of the lakebed. In the till, where seepage was slower than that in the outwash, a three-dimensional resistivity survey mapped a point of high seepage associated with heterogeneity (lower resistivity and likely higher permeability). Points of focused flow across the sediment-water interface are difficult to detect and can transmit a large percentage of total exchange. Using a series of electrical resistivity geophysical methods in combination with hydrologic data to locate heterogeneities that affect seepage rates can help guide seepage meter placement. Improving our understanding of the causes and types of heterogeneity in lake seepage will provide better data for lake budgets and prediction of mass transfer of solutes or contaminants between lakes and groundwater. C1 [Toran, Laura; Nyquist, Jonathan; Gagliano, Michael; Mitchell, Natasha; Mikochik, James] Temple Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Rosenberry, Donald] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Toran, L (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM ltoran@temple.edu OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU National Science Foundation Hydrologic Sciences Program [0609827] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Hydrologic Sciences Program under Award No. 0609827. Thanks to the Hubbard Brook Research Foundation for providing logistical support during the stay at Mirror Lake and to Nina Astillero for assistance in the laboratory. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by Temple University or the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 53 IS 6 BP 841 EP 850 DI 10.1111/gwat.12309 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CU9VM UT WOS:000363894200005 PM 25556924 ER PT J AU Johnson, TC Versteeg, RJ Day-Lewis, FD Major, W Lane, JW AF Johnson, Timothy C. Versteeg, Roelof J. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Major, William Lane, John W., Jr. TI Time-Lapse Electrical Geophysical Monitoring of Amendment-Based Biostimulation SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID CROSS-BOREHOLE RADAR; RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; VADOSE ZONE; AQUIFER CHARACTERIZATION; RESISTANCE TOMOGRAPHY; INDUCED POLARIZATION; REDOX CONDITIONS; RIVER-WATER; TRACER; CONDUCTIVITY AB Biostimulation is increasingly used to accelerate microbial remediation of recalcitrant groundwater contaminants. Effective application of biostimulation requires successful emplacement of amendment in the contaminant target zone. Verification of remediation performance requires postemplacement assessment and contaminant monitoring. Sampling-based approaches are expensive and provide low-density spatial and temporal information. Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is an effective geophysical method for determining temporal changes in subsurface electrical conductivity. Because remedial amendments and biostimulation-related biogeochemical processes often change subsurface electrical conductivity, ERT can complement and enhance sampling-based approaches for assessing emplacement and monitoring biostimulation-based remediation. Field studies demonstrating the ability of time-lapse ERT to monitor amendment emplacement and behavior were performed during a biostimulation remediation effort conducted at the Department of Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO) Yard, in Brandywine, Maryland, United States. Geochemical fluid sampling was used to calibrate a petrophysical relation in order to predict groundwater indicators of amendment distribution. The petrophysical relations were field validated by comparing predictions to sequestered fluid sample results, thus demonstrating the potential of electrical geophysics for quantitative assessment of amendment-related geochemical properties. Crosshole radar zero-offset profile and borehole geophysical logging were also performed to augment the data set and validate interpretation. In addition to delineating amendment transport in the first 10 months after emplacement, the time-lapse ERT results show later changes in bulk electrical properties interpreted as mineral precipitation. Results support the use of more cost-effective surface-based ERT in conjunction with limited field sampling to improve spatial and temporal monitoring of amendment emplacement and remediation performance. C1 [Johnson, Timothy C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Versteeg, Roelof J.] Subsurface Insights LLC, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lane, John W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Major, William] US Naval Facil, Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Johnson, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM TJ@pnnl.gov; roelof.versteeg@subsurfaceinsights.com; daylewis@usgs.gov; majorwr@gmail.com; jwlane@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) [ER-0717]; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology and Groundwater Resources Programs FX This research was supported by grant ER-0717 from the Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP), with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology and Groundwater Resources Programs. We are grateful for field assistance from Jessica Teunis, Peter Lapa-Lilly, Eric White, Rory Henderson, Emily Voytek, Jim Rauman, Jason Smith (USGS); Yuxin Wu (Lawrence Berkeley National Labroatory); and Karen Wright (Idaho National Laboratory). We also are grateful to the ESTCP program manager, Andrea Leeson, who provided useful comments on aspects of this project, and to the staff of HGL, Mactec, and Andrews Air Force Base who facilitated our site access and provided useful information regarding the Brandywine remediation effort. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 53 IS 6 BP 920 EP 932 DI 10.1111/gwat.12291 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CU9VM UT WOS:000363894200013 PM 25457440 ER PT J AU Shapiro, AM Ladderud, JA Yager, RM AF Shapiro, Allen M. Ladderud, Jeffery A. Yager, Richard M. TI Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fractured rocks; Hydraulic testing; Scale effects; Groundwater modeling; USA ID HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; GEOLOGIC MEDIA; SCALE; FLOW; DISPERSIVITIES; TUNNEL; TESTS AB A comparison of the hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger volumes of crystalline rock was conducted in the Piedmont physiographic region near Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Fluid-injection tests were conducted on intervals of boreholes isolating closely spaced fractures. Single-hole tests were conducted by pumping in open boreholes for approximately 30 min, and an interference test was conducted by pumping a single borehole over 3 days while monitoring nearby boreholes. An estimate of the hydraulic conductivity of the rock over hundreds of meters was inferred from simulating groundwater inflow into a kilometer-long section of a Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority tunnel in the study area, and a groundwater modeling investigation over the Rock Creek watershed provided an estimate of the hydraulic conductivity over kilometers. The majority of groundwater flow is confined to relatively few fractures at a given location. Boreholes installed to depths of approximately 50 m have one or two highly transmissive fractures; the transmissivity of the remaining fractures ranges over five orders of magnitude. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger rock volumes varied by less than half an order of magnitude. While many investigations point to increasing hydraulic conductivity as a function of the measurement scale, a comparison with selected investigations shows that the effective hydraulic conductivity estimated over larger volumes of rock can either increase, decrease, or remain stable as a function of the measurement scale. Caution needs to be exhibited in characterizing effective hydraulic properties in fractured rock for the purposes of groundwater management. C1 [Shapiro, Allen M.; Ladderud, Jeffery A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ladderud, Jeffery A.] Freeport McMoRan Inc, Oro Valley, AZ 85737 USA. [Yager, Richard M.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Shapiro, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ashapiro@usgs.gov FU National Research Program of the US Geological Survey; Groundwater Resources Program of the US Geological Survey FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of Earl A. Greene (USGS, Baltimore, Maryland) for being an integral part of the design and implementation of the hydraulic testing conducted in bedrock boreholes. The authors also acknowledge the support of the staff of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority in providing access to the tunnel infrastructure and data associated with groundwater inflow into the Medical Center Station. This investigation was supported in part by National Research Program and the Groundwater Resources Program of the US Geological Survey. The authors also acknowledge the comments made by the anonymous reviewers and the editors of the journal in improving the content of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1319 EP 1339 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CU5CU UT WOS:000363550100003 ER PT J AU O'Leary, DR Izbicki, JA Metzger, LF AF O'Leary, David R. Izbicki, John A. Metzger, Loren F. TI Sources of high-chloride water and managed aquifer recharge in an alluvial aquifer in California, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Water supply; Groundwater recharge/water budget; Groundwater management; Heterogeneity; USA ID INTRUSION; NEVADA; WELLS AB As a result of pumping in excess of recharge, water levels in alluvial aquifers within the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, 130 km east of San Francisco (California, USA), declined below sea level in the early 1950s and have remained so to the present. Chloride concentrations in some wells increased during that time and exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency's secondary maximum contaminant level of 250 mg/L, resulting in removal of some wells from service. Sources of high-chloride water include irrigation return in 16 % of sampled wells and water from delta sediments and deeper groundwater in 50 % of sampled wells. Chloride concentrations resulting from irrigation return commonly did not exceed 100 mg/L, although nitrate concentrations were as high as 25 mg/L as nitrogen. Chloride concentrations ranged from less than 100-2,050 mg/L in wells affected by water from delta sediments and deeper groundwater. Sequential electromagnetic logs show movement of high-chloride water from delta sediments to pumping wells through permeable interconnected aquifer layers. delta D and delta O-18 data show most groundwater originated as recharge along the front of the Sierra Nevada, but tritium and carbon-14 data suggest recharge rates in this area are low and have decreased over recent geologic time. Managed aquifer recharge at two sites show differences in water-level responses to recharge and in the physical movement of recharged water with depth related to subsurface geology. Well-bore flow logs also show rapid movement of water from recharge sites through permeable interconnected aquifer layers to pumping wells. C1 [O'Leary, David R.; Izbicki, John A.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Metzger, Loren F.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP O'Leary, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. EM doleary@usgs.gov FU Eastern San Joaquin County Groundwater Basin Authority (ESJCGBA); California Department of Water Resources; US Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the Eastern San Joaquin County Groundwater Basin Authority (ESJCGBA) and the California Department of Water Resources, in cooperation with the US Geological Survey. The authors thank the management and staff of the ESJCGBA, the City of Stockton Municipal Utilities Department, Stockton East Water District, and the many land owners who granted permission to access their property to sample wells. Special thanks are extended to the Brandon Nakagawa, Gerardo Dominguez, and the Board members of the ESJCGBA; Mel Lytle (formerly of the ESJCGBA) and Anthony Tovar of the City of Stockton Municipal Utilities District; Andreas Lozano of Stockton East Water District; Michael Infurna of the San Joaquin County Public Health Department; Jason Preese of the California Department of Water Resources; and the management and staff of other participating water agencies in the Stockton area for their assistance with this study. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1515 EP 1533 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1277-7 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CU5CU UT WOS:000363550100014 ER PT J AU Kelly, JT Lerner, DT O'Dea, MF Regish, AM Monette, MY Hawkes, JP Nislow, KH McCormick, SD AF Kelly, J. T. Lerner, D. T. O'Dea, M. F. Regish, A. M. Monette, M. Y. Hawkes, J. P. Nislow, K. H. McCormick, S. D. TI Evidence for episodic acidification effects on migrating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminium; Maine; north-eastern USA; osmoregulation; pH; stress ID SHORT-TERM ACID; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; ALUMINUM EXPOSURE; MARINE SURVIVAL; WATER; PHYSIOLOGY; RIVERS; PARR; TRANSFORMATION; IMPACTS AB Field studies were conducted to determine levels of gill aluminium as an index of acidification effects on migrating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in the north-eastern U.S.A. along mainstem river migration corridors in several major river basins. Smolts emigrating from the Connecticut River, where most (but not all) tributaries were well buffered, had low or undetectable levels of gill aluminium and high gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity. In contrast, smolts emigrating from the upper Merrimack River basin where most tributaries are characterized by low pH and high inorganic aluminium had consistently elevated gill aluminium and lower gill NKA activity, which may explain the low adult return rates of S. salar stocked into the upper Merrimack catchment. In the Sheepscot, Narraguagus and Penobscot Rivers in Maine, river and year-specific effects on gill aluminium were detected that appeared to be driven by underlying geology and high spring discharge. The results indicate that episodic acidification is affecting S. salar smolts in poorly buffered streams in New England and may help explain variation in S. salar survival and abundance among rivers and among years, with implications for the conservation and recovery of S. salar in the north-eastern U.S.A. These results suggest that the physiological condition of outmigrating smolts may serve as a large-scale sentinel of landscape-level recovery of atmospheric pollution in this and other parts of the North Atlantic region. C1 [Kelly, J. T.; Lerner, D. T.; O'Dea, M. F.; Regish, A. M.; Monette, M. Y.; McCormick, S. D.] USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Kelly, J. T.; Nislow, K. H.; McCormick, S. D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lerner, D. T.; Monette, M. Y.; Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hawkes, J. P.] Maine Field Stn, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, Res Unit NE 4251, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kelly, JT (reprint author), Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. EM jkelly@newhaven.edu FU Northeast States Research Cooperative FX We dedicate this paper in memory of our co-author, colleague and dear friend Michael F. O'Dea who passed away on 2 August, 2015; he is greatly missed. We thank J. McKeon (USFWS) and C. Mooney and colleagues of Public Service of New Hampshire for their help in conducting smolt collections at the Pemigewasset River. We thank B. Stira (First Light Power Resources) and B. Adams and students of Greenfield Community College for their help in conducting smolt collections at the Connecticut River. We would like to thank C. Lipsky, P. Ruksznis as well as all other NOAA and Maine Department of Marine Resources staff who assisted in smolt and water-quality sample collection. Thanks also to J. Magee for helpful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. This study was funded in part by a grant from the Northeast States Research Cooperative. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1146 DI 10.1111/jfb.12763 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CU5RT UT WOS:000363590400001 PM 26399385 ER PT J AU Scharler, UM Ulanowicz, RE Fogel, ML Wooller, MJ Jacobson-Meyers, ME Lovelock, CE Feller, IC Frischer, M Lee, R McKee, K Romero, IC Schmit, JP Shearer, C AF Scharler, U. M. Ulanowicz, R. E. Fogel, M. L. Wooller, M. J. Jacobson-Meyers, M. E. Lovelock, C. E. Feller, I. C. Frischer, M. Lee, R. McKee, K. Romero, I. C. Schmit, J. P. Shearer, C. TI Variable nutrient stoichiometry (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) across trophic levels determines community and ecosystem properties in an oligotrophic mangrove system SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Oligotrophic environment; Recycling; Nutrient limitation; Mangrove food web; Transfer efficiency ID WOOD-BORING INSECTS; ECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY; FRESH-WATER; ORGANIC-CARBON; RED MANGROVE; NITROGEN; BELIZE; HERBIVORY; FOREST; SEA AB Our study investigated the carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry of mangrove island of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef (Twin Cays, Belize). The C:N:P of abiotic and biotic components of this oligotrophic ecosystem was measured and served to build networks of nutrient flows for three distinct mangrove forest zones (tall seaward fringing forest, inland dwarf forests and a transitional zone). Between forest zones, the stoichiometry of primary producers, heterotrophs and abiotic components did not change significantly, but there was a significant difference in C:N:P, and C, N, and P biomass, between the functional groups mangrove trees, other primary producers, heterotrophs, and abiotic components. C:N:P decreased with increasing trophic level. Nutrient recycling in the food webs was highest for P, and high transfer efficiencies between trophic levels of P and N also indicated an overall shortage of these nutrients when compared to C. Heterotrophs were sometimes, but not always, limited by the same nutrient as the primary producers. Mangrove trees and the primary tree consumers were P limited, whereas the invertebrates consuming leaf litter and detritus were N limited. Most compartments were limited by P or N (not by C), and the relative depletion rate of food sources was fastest for P. P transfers thus constituted a bottleneck of nutrient transfer on Twin Cays. This is the first comprehensive ecosystem study of nutrient transfers in a mangrove ecosystem, illustrating some mechanisms (e.g. recycling rates, transfer efficiencies) which oligotrophic systems use in order to build up biomass and food webs spanning various trophic levels. C1 [Scharler, U. M.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa. [Ulanowicz, R. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Arthur R Marshall Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ulanowicz, R. E.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Fogel, M. L.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Fogel, M. L.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Wooller, M. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, M. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jacobson-Meyers, M. E.] Univ So Calif, Dana & David Dornsife Coll Letters, Arts & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lovelock, C. E.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Feller, I. C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Frischer, M.] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Lee, R.] Univ So Calif, Ctr Dark Energy Biosphere Invest, AHF 209, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [McKee, K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Romero, I. C.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Schmit, J. P.] Natl Pk Serv, Natl Capital Reg Inventory & Monitoring Network, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Shearer, C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Scharler, UM (reprint author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, Westville Campus, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa. EM scharler@ukzn.ac.za RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 FU US-National Science Foundation Biocomplexity grant [DEB-998 1483]; Smithsonian Institution's Loeb Fellowship; Carnegie Institution of Washington FX Funding for this study was provided by a US-National Science Foundation Biocomplexity grant (DEB-998 1483). Fieldwork was conducted on the Carrie Bow Cay field station of the Smithsonian Institute. M. Carpenter and A. Chamberlain, Q. Roberts, V. Brenneis, B. Smallwood and D. Thornton are gratefully acknowledged for assistance in the field. Q. Roberts, V. Brenneis and P. Zelanko helped with C and N elemental analysis at the Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie institution of Washington. M. F. and M. J. W. gratefully acknowledge support from the Smithsonian Institution's Loeb Fellowship and the Carnegie Institution of Washington, M. E. J. M. gratefully acknowledges the laboratory of D. Capone for material and instrumental support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2015 VL 179 IS 3 BP 863 EP 876 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3379-2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU5GK UT WOS:000363559800023 PM 26183835 ER PT J AU Baggett, LP Powers, SP Brumbaugh, RD Coen, LD DeAngelis, BM Greene, JK Hancock, BT Morlock, SM Allen, BL Breitburg, DL Bushek, D Grabowski, JH Grizzle, RE Grosholz, ED La Peyre, MK Luckenbach, MW McGraw, KA Piehler, MF Westby, SR Ermgassen, PSEZ AF Baggett, Lesley P. Powers, Sean P. Brumbaugh, Robert D. Coen, Loren D. DeAngelis, Bryan M. Greene, Jennifer K. Hancock, Boze T. Morlock, Summer M. Allen, Brian L. Breitburg, Denise L. Bushek, David Grabowski, Jonathan H. Grizzle, Raymond E. Grosholz, Edwin D. La Peyre, Megan K. Luckenbach, Mark W. McGraw, Kay A. Piehler, Michael F. Westby, Stephanie R. Ermgassen, Philine S. E. Zu TI Guidelines for evaluating performance of oyster habitat restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Crassostrea virginica; criteria; eastern oyster; ecosystem services; monitoring; Olympia oyster; Ostrea lurida; reefs ID SUSPENSION-FEEDING BIVALVES; REEF RESTORATION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEAGRASS; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY; MARSH; SHELL; STABILIZATION AB Restoration of degraded ecosystems is an important societal goal, yet inadequate monitoring and the absence of clear performance metrics are common criticisms of many habitat restoration projects. Funding limitations can prevent adequate monitoring, but we suggest that the lack of accepted metrics to address the diversity of restoration objectives also presents a serious challenge to the monitoring of restoration projects. A working group with experience in designing and monitoring oyster reef projects was used to develop standardized monitoring metrics, units, and performance criteria that would allow for comparison among restoration sites and projects of various construction types. A set of four universal metrics (reef areal dimensions, reef height, oyster density, and oyster size-frequency distribution) and a set of three universal environmental variables (water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) are recommended to be monitored for all oyster habitat restoration projects regardless of their goal(s). In addition, restoration goal-based metrics specific to four commonly cited ecosystem service-based restoration goals are recommended, along with an optional set of seven supplemental ancillary metrics that could provide information useful to the interpretation of prerestoration and postrestoration monitoring data. Widespread adoption of a common set of metrics with standardized techniques and units to assess well-defined goals not only allows practitioners to gauge the performance of their own projects but also allows for comparison among projects, which is both essential to the advancement of the field of oyster restoration and can provide new knowledge about the structure and ecological function of oyster reef ecosystems. C1 [Baggett, Lesley P.; Powers, Sean P.] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Baggett, Lesley P.; Powers, Sean P.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Brumbaugh, Robert D.] Nature Conservancy, Big Pine Key, FL USA. [Coen, Loren D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Coen, Loren D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [DeAngelis, Bryan M.; Hancock, Boze T.] Nature Conservancy, URI Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI USA. [Greene, Jennifer K.] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA. [Morlock, Summer M.; McGraw, Kay A.; Westby, Stephanie R.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Allen, Brian L.] Puget Sound Restorat Fund, Bainbridge Isl, WA USA. [Breitburg, Denise L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Bushek, David] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Point Norris, NJ USA. [Grabowski, Jonathan H.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Grizzle, Raymond E.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Grosholz, Edwin D.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Luckenbach, Mark W.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Piehler, Michael F.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Moorehead City, NC USA. [Ermgassen, Philine S. E. Zu] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. RP Baggett, LP (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM lbaggett@umobile.edu NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 17 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 23 IS 6 BP 737 EP 745 DI 10.1111/rec.12262 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU6VA UT WOS:000363671300003 ER PT J AU Nagy-Reis, MB Nichols, JD Hines, JE Chiarello, AG Ribeiro, MC Setz, EZ AF Nagy-Reis, M. B. Nichols, J. D. Hines, J. E. Chiarello, A. G. Ribeiro, M. C. Setz, E. Z. TI ESTIMATING OCCUPANCY AND DETECTION PROBABILITY OF CALLICEBUS NIGRIFRONS AND CALLITHRIX AURITA FROM CALL SURVEYS IN A LARGE ATLANTIC FOREST REMNANT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Primatologists CY JUN 18-21, 2015 CL Bend, OR SP Amer Soc Primatologists, Chimps Inc, Primate Conservat Inc, Purina LabDiet, Res Diets Inc, Carter 2 Syst Inc, S Karger Publishers Inc, Cambridge Univ Press, Unifab Corp, Van Hoang Dao C1 [Nagy-Reis, M. B.; Setz, E. Z.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, BR-13083865 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Nichols, J. D.; Hines, J. E.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Chiarello, A. G.] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ribeiro, M. C.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Prudente, SP, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0275-2565 EI 1098-2345 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 77 SU 1 MA 90 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CU5GQ UT WOS:000363560500072 ER PT J AU Steven, B Kuske, CR Gallegos-Graves, LV Reed, SC Belnap, J AF Steven, Blaire Kuske, Cheryl R. Gallegos-Graves, La Verne Reed, Sasha C. Belnap, Jayne TI Climate Change and Physical Disturbance Manipulations Result in Distinct Biological Soil Crust Communities SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COLORADO PLATEAU; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ELEVATED CO2; DESERT; CYANOBACTERIA; RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) colonize plant interspaces in many drylands and are critical to soil nutrient cycling. Multiple climate change and land use factors have been shown to detrimentally impact biocrusts on a macroscopic (i.e., visual) scale. However, the impact of these perturbations on the bacterial components of the biocrusts remains poorly understood. We employed multiple long-term field experiments to assess the impacts of chronic physical (foot trampling) and climatic changes (2 degrees C soil warming, altered summer precipitation [wetting], and combined warming and wetting) on biocrust bacterial biomass, composition, and metabolic profile. The biocrust bacterial communities adopted distinct states based on the mechanism of disturbance. Chronic trampling decreased biomass and caused small community compositional changes. Soil warming had little effect on biocrust biomass or composition, while wetting resulted in an increase in the cyanobacterial biomass and altered bacterial composition. Warming combined with wetting dramatically altered bacterial composition and decreased Cyanobacteria abundance. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing identified four functional gene categories that differed in relative abundance among the manipulations, suggesting that climate and land use changes affected soil bacterial functional potential. This study illustrates that different types of biocrust disturbance damage biocrusts in macroscopically similar ways, but they differentially impact the resident soil bacterial communities, and the communities' functional profiles can differ depending on the disturbance type. Therefore, the nature of the perturbation and the microbial response are important considerations for management and restoration of drylands. C1 [Steven, Blaire; Kuske, Cheryl R.; Gallegos-Graves, La Verne] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuske@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, through a Science Focus Area grant; USGS FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, through a Science Focus Area grant to C.R.K. DNA sequencing was provided by the Los Alamos National Laboratory through their Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Field experiments were initiated and maintained through U.S. DOE Terrestrial Ecosystem Science grants to J.B. and S.C.R. and the National Park Service. J.B. thanks the USGS Climate and Land Use and Ecosystem programs for support. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 61 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 81 IS 21 BP 7448 EP 7459 DI 10.1128/AEM.01443-15 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CU3YP UT WOS:000363462900012 PM 26276111 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM Verplanck, PL McCleskey, RB Alpers, CN AF Campbell, Kate M. Verplanck, Philip L. McCleskey, R. Blaine Alpers, Charles N. TI From extreme pH to extreme temperature: An issue in honor of the geochemical contributions of Kirk Nordstrom, USGS hydrogeochemist SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IRON MOUNTAIN; NEGATIVE PH; WATERS; CALIFORNIA C1 [Campbell, Kate M.; Verplanck, Philip L.; McCleskey, R. Blaine] USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] USGS, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.012 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU3ZM UT WOS:000363465600001 ER PT J AU Fawcett, SE Jamieson, HE Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB AF Fawcett, Skya E. Jamieson, Heather E. Nordstrom, D. Kirk McCleskey, R. Blaine TI Arsenic and antimony geochemistry of mine wastes, associated waters and sediments at the Giant Mine, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REDOX CONDITIONS; AMORPHOUS IRON; NATURAL-WATERS; NEW-ZEALAND; GOLD ORE; OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; SORPTION; GOETHITE AB Elevated levels of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in water and sediments are legacy residues found downstream from gold-mining activities at the Giant Mine in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. To track the transport and fate of As and Sb, samples of mine-waste from the mill, and surface water, sediment, pore-water, and vegetation downstream of the mine were collected. Mine waste, pore-water, and sediment samples were analyzed for bulk chemistry, and aqueous and solid-state speciation. Sediment and vegetation chemistry were evaluated using scanning electron microscope imaging, synchrotron-based element mapping and electron microprobe analysis. The distributions of As and Sb in sediments were similar, yet their distributions in the corresponding pore-waters were mostly dissimilar, and the mobility of As was greater than that of Sb. Competition for sorption sites is the most likely cause of elevated Sb concentrations in relatively oxidized pore-water and surface water. The aqueous and solid-state speciation of As and Sb also differed. In pore-water, As(V) dominated in oxidizing environments and As(III) in reducing environments. In contrast, the Sb(V) species dominated in all but one pore-water sample, even under reducing conditions. Antimony(III) appears to preferentially precipitate or adsorb onto sulfides as evidenced by the prevalence of an Sb(III)-S secondary solid-phase and the lack of Sb(III)(aq) in the deeper zones. The As(V)-O solid phase became depleted with depth below the sediment-water interface, and the Sb(V)-O phase persisted under relatively reducing conditions. In the surficial zone at a site populated by Equisetum fluviatile (common horsetail), As and Sb were associated with organic material and appeared mobile in the root zone. In the zone below active plant growth, As and Sb were associated primarily with inorganic phases suggesting a release and reprecipitation of these elements upon plant death. The co-existence of reduced and oxidized As and Sb species, instability of some phases under changing redox conditions, and plant uptake and release pose challenges for remediation efforts at the mine. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fawcett, Skya E.; Jamieson, Heather E.] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Jamieson, HE (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM jamieson@queensu.ca OI McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 FU U.S. Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University; Advanced Photon Source; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC Northern Research Internship; Mineralogical Association of Canada FX PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This study was partly funded through the NSERC Northern Research Internship and by the Mineralogical Association of Canada. We thank the Giant Mine Remediation Team for site access and kindly support, and Robert Gordon for the many hours of beamline assistance. The use of trade or brand names is for identification purposes only, and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 97 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 SI SI BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.12.012 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU3ZM UT WOS:000363465600002 ER PT J AU Walton-Day, K Mills, TJ AF Walton-Day, Katherine Mills, Taylor J. TI Hydrogeochemical effects of a bulkhead in the Dinero mine tunnel, Sugar Loaf mining district, near Leadville, Colorado SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE; RIVERS; RATES AB The Dinero mine drainage tunnel is an abandoned, draining mine adit near Leadville, Colorado, that has an adverse effect on downstream water quality and aquatic life. In 2009, a bulkhead was constructed (creating a mine pool and increasing water-table elevations behind the tunnel) to limit drainage from the tunnel and improve downstream water quality. The goal of this study was to document changes to hydrology and water quality resulting from bulkhead emplacement, and to understand post-bulkhead changes in source water and geochemical processes that control mine-tunnel discharge and water quality. Comparison of pre- and post-bulkhead hydrology and water quality indicated that tunnel discharge and zinc and manganese loads decreased by up to 97 percent at the portal of Dinero tunnel and at two downstream sites (LF-537 and LF-580). However, some water-quality problems persisted at LF-537 and LF-580 during high-flow events and years, indicating the effects of the remaining mine waste in the area. In contrast, post-bulkhead water quality degraded at three upstream stream sites and a draining mine tunnel (Nelson tunnel). Water-quality degradation in the streams likely occurred from increased contributions of mine-pool groundwater to the streams. In contrast, water-quality degradation in the Nelson tunnel was likely from flow of mine-pool water along a vein that connects the Nelson tunnel to mine workings behind the Dinero tunnel bulkhead. Principal components analysis, mixing analysis, and inverse geochemical modeling using PHREEQC indicated that mixing and geochemical reactions (carbonate dissolution during acid weathering, precipitation of goethite and birnessite, and sorption of zinc) between three end-member water types generally explain the pre- and post-bulkhead water composition at the Dinero and Nelson tunnels. The three end members were (1) a relatively dilute groundwater having low sulfate and trace element concentrations; (2) mine pool water, and (3) water that flowed from a structure in front of the bulkhead after bulkhead emplacement. Both (2) and (3) had high sulfate and trace element concentrations. These results indicate how analysis of monitoring information can be used to understand hydrogeochemical changes resulting from bulkhead emplacement. This understanding, in turn, can help inform future decisions on the disposition of the remaining mine waste and water-quality problems in the area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Walton-Day, Katherine; Mills, Taylor J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Walton-Day, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kwaltond@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program; Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining, and Safety; Colorado Mountain College; State of Colorado Nonpoint Source Program [P0 FAA WQC1015693] FX The authors thank the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program, the Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining, and Safety, Colorado Mountain College, and the State of Colorado Nonpoint Source Program Grant Number # P0 FAA WQC1015693 for funding this research. Thanks are extended to numerous individuals at these organizations who also contributed to field sampling efforts during the project. Thanks to Jean Dupree, Steve Char, and Jonas Schaper for assistance with figures and tables. Reviews by Chris Fuller, U.S. Geological Survey, and 2 anonymous reviewers improved the final product. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 SI SI BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.002 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU3ZM UT WOS:000363465600006 ER PT J AU Burrows, JE Peters, SC Cravotta, CA AF Burrows, Jill E. Peters, Stephen C. Cravotta, Charles A., III TI Temporal geochemical variations in above- and below-drainage coal mine discharge SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; MOUNTAIN STREAM; DISSOLVED METALS; NATURAL-WATERS; TRACE-METALS; USA; PENNSYLVANIA; IRON; PH; CONSTITUENTS AB Water quality data collected in 2012 for 10 above- and 14 below-drainage coal mine discharges (CMDs), classified by mining or excavation method, in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania, USA, are compared with data for 1975, 1991, and 1999 to evaluate long-term (37 year) changes in pH, SO42-, and Fe concentrations related to geochemistry, hydrology, and natural attenuation processes. We hypothesized that CMD quality will improve over time because of diminishing quantities of unweathered pyrite, decreased access of O-2 to the subsurface after mine closure, decreased rates of acid production, and relatively constant influx of alkalinity from groundwater. Discharges from shafts, slopes, and boreholes, which are vertical or steeply sloping excavations, are classified as below-drainage; these receive groundwater inputs with low dissolved O-2, resulting in limited pyrite oxidation, dilution, and gradual improvement of CMD water quality. In contrast, discharges from drifts and tunnels, which are nearly horizontal excavations into hillsides, are classified as above-drainage; these would exhibit less improvement in water quality over time because the rock surfaces continue to be exposed to air, which facilitates sustained pyrite oxidation, acid production, and alkalinity consumption. Nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank tests between 1975 and 2012 samples indicate decreases in Fe and SO42- concentrations were highly significant (p < 0.05) and increases in pH were marginally significant (p < 0.1) for below-drainage discharges. For above-drainage discharges, changes in Fe and SO42- concentrations were not significant, and increases in pH were highly significant between 1975 and 2012. Although a greater proportion of above-drainage discharges were net acidic in 2012 compared to below-drainage discharges, the increase in pH between 1975 and 2012 was greater for above- (median pH increase from 4.4 to 6.0) compared to below- (median pH increase from 5.6 to 6.1) drainage discharges. For cases where O-2 is limited, transformation of aqueous Fe-II species to Fe-III may be kinetically limited. In contrast, where O-2 is abundant, aqueous Fe concentrations may be limited by Fe-III mineral precipitation; thus, trends in Fe may not follow those for SO42-. In either case, when the supply of alkalinity is sufficient to buffer decreased acidity, the pH could increase by a step trend from strongly acidic (3-3.5) to near neutral (6-6.5) values. Modeled equilibrium with respect to Fe-III precipitates varies with pH and Fe and SO42- reconcentrations: increasing pH promotes the formation of ferrihydrite, while decreasing concentrations of Fe limit the formation of ferrihydrite, and decreasing Fe and SO42- concentrations limit the precipitation of schwertmannite and favor formation of Fe-III hydroxyl complexes and uncomplexed Fe2+ and Fe3+. The analysis of the long-term geochemical changes in CMDs in the anthracite field and the effect of the hydrologic setting on water quality presented in this paper can help prioritize CMD remediation and facilitate selection and design of the most appropriate treatment systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Burrows, Jill E.; Peters, Stephen C.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Cravotta, Charles A., III] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Peters, SC (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1 W Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM scp2@lehigh.edu NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 SI SI BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.010 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU3ZM UT WOS:000363465600008 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA AF Cravotta, C. A., III TI Monitoring, field experiments, and geochemical modeling of Fe(II) oxidation kinetics in a stream dominated by net-alkaline coal-mine drainage, Pennsylvania, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FERROUS IRON; NATURAL-WATERS; OXYGENATION; EVOLUTION AB Watershed-scale monitoring, field aeration experiments, and geochemical equilibrium and kinetic modeling were conducted to evaluate interdependent changes in pH, dissolved CO2, O-2, and Fe(II) concentrations that typically take place downstream of net-alkaline, circumneutral coal-mine drainage (CMD) outfalls and during aerobic treatment of such CMD. The kinetic modeling approach, using PHREEQC, accurately simulates observed variations in pH, Fe(II) oxidation, alkalinity consumption, and associated dissolved gas concentrations during transport downstream of the CMD outfalls (natural attenuation) and during 6-h batch aeration tests on the CMD using bubble diffusers (enhanced attenuation). The batch aeration experiments demonstrated that aeration promoted CO2 outgassing, thereby increasing pH and the rate of Fe(II) oxidation. The rate of Fe(II) oxidation was accurately estimated by the abiotic homogeneous oxidation rate law -d[Fe(II)]/dt = k(1)center dot[O-2]center dot[H+](-2 center dot)[Fe(II)] that indicates an increase in pH by 1 unit at pH 5-8 and at constant dissolved O-2 (DO) concentration results in a 100-fold increase in the rate of Fe(II) oxidation. Adjusting for sample temperature, a narrow range of values for the apparent homogeneous Fe(II) oxidation rate constant (k'(1)) of 0.5-1.7 times the reference value of k(1) = 3 x 10(-12) mol/L/min (for pH 5-8 and 20 degrees C), reported by Stumm and Morgan (1996), was indicated by the calibrated models for the 5-km stream reach below the CMD outfalls and the aerated CMD. The rates of CO2 outgassing and O-2 ingassing in the model were estimated with first-order asymptotic functions, whereby the driving force is the gradient of the dissolved gas concentration relative to equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere. Although the progressive increase in DO concentration to saturation could be accurately modeled as a kinetic function for the conditions evaluated, the simulation of DO as an instantaneous equilibrium process did not affect the model results for Fe(II) or pH. In contrast, the model results for pH and Fe(II) were sensitive to the CO2 mass transfer rate constant (k(L,CO2)a). The value of k(L,CO2)a estimated for the stream (0.010 min(-1)) was within the range for the batch aeration experiments (0-0.033 min(-1)). These results indicate that the abiotic homogeneous Fe(II) oxidation rate law, with adjustments for variations in temperature and CO2 outgassing rate, may be applied to predict changes in aqueous iron and pH for net-alkaline, ferruginous waters within a stream (natural conditions) or a CMD treatment system (engineered conditions). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov FU PaDEP; USGS; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX The author would like to thank Jill Burrows of Lehigh University and Grace Klinges of Haverford College for their involvement during field aeration experiments and laboratory analysis, Daniel Galeone and David O'Brien of the USGS for their assistance with flow measurements, and Daniel J. Koury of PaDEP and Wayne Lehman of the Schuylkill Conservation District for their support in project planning and coordination. The manuscript benefitted from helpful reviews by Arthur W. Rose, William D. Burgos, Lisa A. Senior, and two anonymous referees. The PaDEP, USGS, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided financial support of the project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 SI SI BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.009 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU3ZM UT WOS:000363465600009 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA Brady, KBC AF Cravotta, C. A., III Brady, Keith B. C. TI Priority pollutants and associated constituents in untreated and treated discharges from coal mining or processing facilities in Pennsylvania, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID SULFATE WATERS; MINE DRAINAGE; DISSOLVED METALS; NATURAL-WATERS; TRACE-METALS; IRON; GEOCHEMISTRY; ADSORPTION; PRESSURE; SYSTEMS AB Clean sampling and analysis procedures were used to quantify more than 70 inorganic constituents, including 35 potentially toxic or hazardous constituents, organic carbon, and other characteristics of untreated (influent) and treated (effluent) coal-mine discharges (CMD) at 38 permitted coal-mining or coal-processing facilities in the bituminous coalfield and 4 facilities in the anthracite coalfield of Pennsylvania. Of the 42 facilities sampled during 2011, 26 were surface mines, 11 were underground mines, and 5 were coal refuse disposal operations. Treatment of CMD with caustic soda (NaOH), lime (CaO or Ca(OH)(2)),flocculent, or limestone was ongoing at 21%, 40%, 6%, and 4% of the facilities, respectively; no chemicals were added at the remaining facilities. All facilities with CMD treatment incorporated structures for active or passive aeration and settling of metal-rich precipitate. The untreated influent samples had wide ranges of pH (2.8-7.6), hot acidity (-600 to 8000 mg/L as CaCO3), specific conductance (SC; 253-13,000 mu S/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS; 168-18,100 mg/L), and associated dissolved (<0.45-mu m pore-size filter) constituents, including SO4 (14.7-10,700 mg/L), Fe (<0.01 to 4100 mg/L), Mn (0.02-136 mg/L), Al (<0.01 to 128 mg/L), and Zn (<0.003 to 18.8 mg/L). Concentrations of Ag (<1 mu g/L), Hg (<1 mu g/L), Sn (<0.5 mu g/L), and CN (<0.01 mg/L) were below detection limits. Only one influent sample met permitted mine effluent (PME) limits plus dissolved-constituent criteria maximum concentration (CMC) thresholds for the protection of freshwater aquatic organisms. The pH of the treated effluent samples ranged from 5.5 to 11.9 and was greater than or equal to the pH of the corresponding influent at all sites. All the effluent samples met CMC levels for dissolved concentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cl, Cr, Pb, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl, V, NH3, NO2, NO3, and CN; however, nine violated one or more of the PME limits for pH (<6, n = 1), net acidity (>0, n = 3), Fe (>7 mg/L, n = 1), or Mn (>5 mg/L, n = 8), plus one or more exceeded CMC levels for Al (>0.75 mg/L, n = 2), Co (>95 mu g/L, n = 5), Zn (>307 mu g/L, n = 1), Cu (>7.4 mu g/L, n = 1), or Se (>12.8 mu g/L, n = 3). Although CMC exceedances for Co and Zn were attributed to samples also violating the PME limit for pH or Mn, the samples that exceeded the CMC for Al, Cu, or Se met applicable PME limits for pH, Fe, and Mn. Furthermore, many of the pH-compliant effluents did not meet reference criteria for SO4 and related measures of ionic strength, including TDS, SC, and osmotic pressure. The Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-ranks statistic was used to test if the overall difference between the effluent and influent pairs was equal to zero. Constituents that statistically were the same for effluent and influent (p > 0.05) included flow rate, SC, osmotic pressure, hardness, alkalinity, total organic carbon (TOC), K, Cl, NO3, PO4, Sb, Sr, Br, Se, Mo, and V. Although temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, Ca, and Na were greater in the effluent than the influent, most constituents decreased as a result of treatment, including TDS, acidity, SO4, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, F, Pb, Ni, NH3, Tl, Ti, U, Zn, Zr, total phenols, total inorganic carbon (TIC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Nevertheless, some constituents that decreased, such as SO4, still did not meet reference criteria. Findings from this study suggest that typical chemical or aerobic treatment of CMD to pH > 6 with removal of Fe to <7 mg/L and Mn to <5 mg/L may provide a reasonable measure of protection for aquatic life from priority pollutant metals and other toxic or hazardous constituents in effluent but may not be effective for achieving permissible or background levels for TDS, SC, osmotic pressure, or concentrations of SO4 and some other pollutants, including Se, Br, and Cl, if present. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cravotta, C. A., III] US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Brady, Keith B. C.] Penn Dept Environm Protect, Harrisburg, PA 17101 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. FU PaDEP; USGS FX The authors would like to thank Mark A. Roland and Daniel G. Galeone of the USGS and Donald J. Yezerski of Noble Energy (formerly employed by USGS) for their assistance with field work, and William S. Allen Jr. of the PaDEP and Brent P. Means of the OSM for their involvement in project planning and reviews of the initial manuscript. Additionally, the authors wish to express their appreciation to Gregory S. Greenfield of PaDEP and other staff at PaDEP field offices and at the coal-mine facilities that provided information on and guidance to the sample sites. Helpful reviews of the manuscript were provided by Susan M. Cormier of EPA, Lisa Senior of USGS, and two anonymous reviewers. The PaDEP and USGS provided financial support of the project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 SI SI BP 108 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.001 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU3ZM UT WOS:000363465600010 ER PT J AU Hindar, A Nordstrom, DK AF Hindar, Atle Nordstrom, D. Kirk TI Effects and quantification of acid runoff from sulfide-bearing rock deposited during construction of Highway E18, Norway SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WASTE ROCK; SURFACE WATERS; MINE DRAINAGE; COPPER MINE; ALUMINUM; ACIDIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; PH; TRANSPORT; EPISODES AB The Highway E18 between the cities of Grimstad and Kristiansand, southern Norway, constructed in the period 2006-2009, cuts through sulfide-bearing rock. The geology of this area is dominated by slowly-weathering gneiss and granites, and oxidation of fresh rock surfaces can result in acidification of surface water. Sulfide-containing rock waste from excavations during construction work was therefore deposited in three waste rock deposits off-site. The deposits consist of 630,000-2,360,000 metric tons of waste rock material. Shell sand and limestone gravel were added in layers in adequate amounts to mitigate initial acid runoff in one of the deposits. The shell sand addition was not adequate in the two others. The pH in the effluents from these two was reduced from 4.9-6.5 to 4.0-4.6, and Al concentrations increased from below 0.4 mg/L to 10-20 mg/L. Stream concentrations of trace metals increased by a factor of 25-400, highest for Ni, and then in decreasing order for Co, Mn, Cd, Zn and Cu. Concentrations of As, Cr and Fe remained unchanged. Ratios of Co/Ni and Cd/Zn indicate that the metal sources for these pair of metals are sphalerite and pyrite, respectively. Based on surveys and established critical limits for Al, surface waters downstream became toxic to fish and invertebrates. The sulfur release rates were remarkably stable in the monitoring period at all three sites. Annual sulfur release was 0.1-0.4% of the total amount of sulfur in the deposit, indicating release periods of 250-800 years. Precipitates of Al-hydroxysulfates, well-known from mining sites, were found at the base of the deposits, in streams and also along the ocean shore-line. The effects of added neutralization agents in the deposits and in treatment areas downstream gradually decreased, as indicated by reduced stream pH over time. Active measures are needed to avoid harmful ecological effects in the future. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hindar, Atle] Norwegian Inst Water Res Reg South, N-4879 Grimstad, Norway. [Nordstrom, D. Kirk] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hindar, A (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Water Res Reg South, Jon Lilletuns Vei 3, N-4879 Grimstad, Norway. EM hin@niva.no; dkn@usgs.gov FU Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA); National Research Program of the US Geological Survey; NIVA FX This work is based on data mainly from the environmental monitoring program (EMP), made available by the construction company CJV E18 Grimstad-Kristiansand, and runoff-data from the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. Data are also from studies made by NIVA on contract with CJV, and the continuous pH-monitoring at deposit M20 (run by Rolf Hogberget at NIVA), mainly financed by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA). We would like to thank Dr. Martin Schreck and Dr. Nico von der Hude, both formerly at the CJV, and Kari Huvestad and Nils Ragnar Tvedt at NPRA, for cooperation during and after the construction period. DKN thanks the National Research Program of the US Geological Survey for its support. Finally, we thank Dr. Richard F. Wright at NIVA and the anonymous reviewer for valuable comments and suggestions. This work was supported in part by internal grants from NIVA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 SI SI BP 150 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.016 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU3ZM UT WOS:000363465600012 ER PT J AU Manning, AH Mills, CT Morrison, JM Ball, LB AF Manning, Andrew H. Mills, Christopher T. Morrison, Jean M. Ball, Lyndsay B. TI Insights into controls on hexavalent chromium in groundwater provided by environmental tracers, Sacramento Valley, California, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; NOBLE-GASES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MN(II) OXIDATION; NATURAL-WATERS; AQUIFER; CR(VI); CONTAMINATION; RECHARGE; SOILS AB Environmental tracers are useful for determining groundwater age and recharge source, yet their application in studies of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater has been limited. Environmental tracer data from 166 wells located in the Sacramento Valley, northern California, were interpreted and compared to Cr concentrations to determine the origin and age of groundwater with elevated Cr(VI), and better understand where Cr(VI) becomes mobilized and how it evolves along flowpaths. In addition to major ion and trace element concentrations, the dataset includes delta O-18, delta H-2, H-3 concentration, C-14 activity (of dissolved inorganic C), delta C-13, He-3/He-4 ratio, and noble gas concentrations (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe). Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) were computed, and age-related tracers were interpreted in combination to constrain the age distribution in samples and sort them into six different age categories spanning from < 60 yr old to > 10,000 yr old. Nearly all measured Cr is in the form of Cr(IV). Concentrations range from < 1 to 46 mu g L (1), with 10% exceeding the state of California's Cr(VI) maximum contaminant level of 10 mu g L (1). Two groups with elevated Cr(VI) (>= 5 mu g L (1)) were identified. Group 1 samples are from the southern part of the valley and contain modern (< 60 yr old) water, have elevated NO3 concentrations (> 3 mg L (1)), and commonly have delta O-18 values enriched relative to local precipitation. These samples likely contain irrigation water and are elevated due to accelerated mobilization of Cr(VI) in the unsaturated zone (UZ) in irrigated areas. Group 2 samples are from throughout the valley and typically contain water 1000-10,000 yr old, have delta O-18 values consistent with local precipitation, and have unexpectedly warm NGTs. Chromium(VI) concentrations in Group 2 samples may be elevated for multiple reasons, but the hypothesis most consistent with all available data (notably, the warm NGTs) is a relatively long UZ residence time due to recharge through a deep UZ near the margin of the basin. A possible explanation for why Cr(VI) may be primarily mobilized in the UZ rather than farther along flowpaths in the oxic portion of the saturated zone is more dynamic cycling of Mn in the UZ due to transient moisture and redox conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manning, Andrew H.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mills, Christopher T.; Morrison, Jean M.; Ball, Lyndsay B.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Manning, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, POB 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM amanning@usgs.gov OI Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Mineral Resources Program FX We thank Miranda Fram and Claudia Faunt for their help in obtaining electronic versions of the GAMA data and Central Valley groundwater model files. We also thank John Izbicki for his very helpful review, as well as Marty Goldhaber, Rich Wanty, and JoAnn Holloway for their valuable feedback during preparation of this paper. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Mineral Resources Program. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 62 SI SI BP 186 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.05.010 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU3ZM UT WOS:000363465600015 ER PT J AU Pei, NC Chen, BF Liu, SG AF Pei, Nancai Chen, Bufeng Liu, Shuguang TI Pb and Cd Contents in Soil, Water, and Trees at an Afforestation Site, South China SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phytoremediation; Heavy metal; Mega-city; Urban forest; Pearl River Delta ID HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION; URBAN SOILS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PLANTS; GUANGZHOU; CITY; HYPERACCUMULATION; BIOREMEDIATION AB Pb and Cd contents in 13 plantation tree species (leaf and branch components), soil, water (groundwater and river water) at a young (3-5 year-old) seashore afforestation stand were investigated in Nansha district, Guangzhou city in southern China. The results showed that (1) soil, rather than water or trees, had the highest content of both Pb (averagely 48.79 mg/kg) and Cd (0.50 mg/kg), demonstrating that soil might function as a major reservoir for extraneously derived heavy metals; (2) Pb content was higher in branches than in leaves, but Cd content appeared similar in both components, implying possibly different accumulation mechanisms in trees; (3) Pb and Cd appeared to accumulate differently among some tree taxa, whereas almost no significant difference was detected between introduced and indigenous species. The study indicated that trees were potentially useful to remediate sites contaminated with Pb and Cd in the urbanized areas. C1 [Pei, Nancai; Chen, Bufeng] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Trop Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chen, BF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Trop Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM zsjcsdwcbf@126.com FU Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare [20140430105]; NSF-China [31200471]; Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China [RITFYWZX201208]; CFERN Award Fund on Ecological Paper; GENE Award Fund on Ecological Paper FX This study was financially supported by the Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare (20140430105), NSF-China (31200471), the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China (RITFYWZX201208), and the CFERN and GENE Award Funds on Ecological Paper. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 95 IS 5 BP 632 EP 637 DI 10.1007/s00128-015-1625-2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CT7WX UT WOS:000363026800015 PM 26242803 ER PT J AU Carrara, PE McGeehin, JP AF Carrara, Paul E. McGeehin, John P. TI Evidence of a higher late-Holocene treeline along the Continental Divide in central Colorado SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE bristlecone pine remnants; central Colorado; late Holocene; radiocarbon dating; recent advance; treeline ID SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; BRISTLECONE-PINE; SIERRA-NEVADA; USA; DYNAMICS; FORESTS; RANGE; WARM; AGE AB Using a combination of 23 radiocarbon ages and annual ring counts from 18 Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) remnants above the local present-day limits, a period of higher treeline has been determined for two sites near the Continental Divide in central Colorado. The highest remnants were found about 30m above live bristlecone pines of similar size. The majority of the remnants, consisting of standing snags, large logs, and smaller remains, are highly eroded, such that the innermost annual rings of all but one are missing. The radiocarbon ages obtained from the oldest wood recovered from each remnant indicate that the majority were established above the present-day limit of bristlecone pine from prior to 2700 cal. yr BP to no later than about 1200 cal. yr BP. These radiocarbon ages combined with the annual ring count from the corresponding remnant indicate that the majority of the sampled remnants grew above the present-day limit of bristlecone pine from sometime before 2700 cal. yr BP to about 800 cal. yr BP. Evidence of recent climatic warming is demonstrated at one of the sites by young bristlecone pine saplings growing next to the highest remnants; the saplings were established after AD 1965 and represent the highest advance of treeline in at least 1200years. C1 [Carrara, Paul E.; McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Carrara, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pcarrara@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX The research reported here was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD NOV PY 2015 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1829 EP 1837 DI 10.1177/0959683615591353 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CU1GY UT WOS:000363269800008 ER PT J AU Brooke, JM Peters, DC Unger, AM Tanner, EP Harper, CA Keyser, PD Clark, JD Morgan, JJ AF Brooke, Jarred M. Peters, David C. Unger, Ashley M. Tanner, Evan P. Harper, Craig A. Keyser, Patrick D. Clark, Joseph D. Morgan, John J. TI Habitat manipulation influences northern bobwhite resource selection on a reclaimed surface mine SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colinus virginianus; discrete choice; habitat management; northern bobwhite; reclaimed surface mine; resource selection ID RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS; COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; POPULATION DECLINE; AMERICAN MIDWEST; GRASSLAND; SURVIVAL; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; WILDLIFE AB More than 600,000ha of mine land have been reclaimed in the eastern United States, providing large contiguous tracts of early successional vegetation that can be managed for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). However, habitat quality on reclaimed mine land can be limited by extensive coverage of non-native invasive species, which are commonly planted during reclamation. We used discrete-choice analysis to investigate bobwhite resource selection throughout the year on Peabody Wildlife Management Area, a 3,330-ha reclaimed surface mine in western Kentucky. We used a treatment-control design to study resource selection at 2 spatial scales to identify important aspects of mine land vegetation and whether resource selection differed between areas with habitat management (i.e., burning, disking, herbicide; treatment) and unmanaged units (control). Our objectives were to estimate bobwhite resource selection on reclaimed mine land and to estimate the influence of habitat management practices on resource selection. We used locations from 283 individuals during the breeding season (1 Apr-30 Sep) and 136 coveys during the non-breeding season (1 Oct-Mar 31) from August 2009 to March 2014. Individuals were located closer to shrub cover than would be expected at random throughout the year. During the breeding season, individuals on treatment units used areas with smaller contagion index values (i.e., greater interspersion) compared with individuals on control units. During the non-breeding season, birds selected areas with greater shrub-open edge density compared with random. At the microhabitat scale, individuals selected areas with increased visual obstruction >1m aboveground. During the breeding season, birds were closer to disked areas (linear and non-linear) than would be expected at random. Individuals selected non-linear disked areas during winter but did not select linear disked areas (firebreaks) because they were planted to winter wheat each fall and lacked cover during the non-breeding season. Individuals also selected areas treated with herbicide to control sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) throughout the year. During the breeding season, bobwhites avoided areas burned during the previous dormant season. Habitat quality of reclaimed mine lands may be limited by a lack of shrub cover and extensive coverage of non-native herbaceous vegetation. Managers aiming to increase bobwhite abundance should focus on increasing interspersion of shrub cover, with no area >100m from shrub cover. We suggest disking and herbicide application to control invasive species and improve the structure and composition of vegetation for bobwhites. (c) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Brooke, Jarred M.; Peters, David C.; Unger, Ashley M.; Tanner, Evan P.; Harper, Craig A.; Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Morgan, John J.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Brooke, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jarred.brooke@gmail.com FU Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) through Wildlife Restoration Grant Program funds; The University of Tennessee; Quail Forever FX Our research was funded by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) through Wildlife Restoration Grant Program funds, with support from The University of Tennessee, and Quail Forever. We would like to acknowledge E. S. Williams, F. L. Adkins, J. R. Arnold, and the KDFWR technicians for their hard work and contributions to the project. We also would like to thank the research technicians that helped with data collection throughout the project. Additionally, we would like to acknowledge M. K. Wethington (KDFWR), for his help with vegetation classification and B. A. Robinson, and D. Baxley (KDFWR) for their advice and support during the research. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 79 IS 8 BP 1264 EP 1276 DI 10.1002/jwmg.944 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CU3IP UT WOS:000363418200007 ER PT J AU Ringelman, KM Williams, CK Devers, PK Coluccy, JM Castelli, PM Anderson, KA Bowman, JL Costanzo, GR Cramer, DM Dibona, MT Eichholz, MW Huang, M Lewis, B Plattner, DM Yerkes, T AF Ringelman, Kevin M. Williams, Christopher K. Devers, Patrick K. Coluccy, John M. Castelli, Paul M. Anderson, Kurt A. Bowman, Jacob L. Costanzo, Gary R. Cramer, Dane M. Dibona, Matt T. Eichholz, Michael W. Huang, Min Lewis, Benjamin, Jr. Plattner, Dawn M. Yerkes, Tina TI A meta-analysis of American black duck winter habitat use along the Atlantic Coast SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas rubripes; disturbance; salt marsh; satellite; telemetry; tide; waterfowl; weather ID HOME-RANGE; KERNEL METHODS; MALLARDS; MOVEMENTS; SELECTION; SIZE AB American black duck (Anas rubripes) populations declined by more than 50% between the 1950s and 1990s, and the species serves as a flagship for conserving salt marsh habitats along the Atlantic Coast. Black ducks have generally been well studied throughout the annual cycle, but surprisingly, we lack a synthetic, quantitative understanding of their space use during the winter. This limits our ability to prioritize habitat acquisition and restoration efforts. We used >17,000 telemetry locations from 235 black ducks ranging from Connecticut to Virginia to study home range composition and space use during winter in relation to habitat quality, urbanization, and severe weather. Despite substantial environmental variation, home range sizes were similar among regions and years. Smaller home and core ranges contained a greater proportion of salt marsh habitat, and ducks experiencing more 4-day freeze events had larger home and core ranges. Ducks exposed to prolonged periods of cold weather had smaller core ranges when those areas comprised more energy-rich freshwater habitats. When we examined individual telemetry locations, we found that ducks used irregularly inundated high marsh more at night, presumably for foraging, and urban habitats more during the day and evening crepuscular periods. We found that black ducks used regularly inundated low marsh less on days where the temperature never rose above freezing, and instead used subtidal areas and forested wetlands more. Finally, we found ducks were marginally more likely to use freshwater habitats during high tides. Our study confirms that black ducks depend on salt marsh for wintering habitat, and points to an unexpectedly important role for forested wetlands during periods of cold weather. We found no evidence that black ducks avoided urban areas or roads, which supports the inclusion of all available habitats in carrying capacity modeling. We emphasize that new hypothesis-driven, local telemetry studies are needed to further elucidate the relationships between black duck movements and environmental variation, especially cold weather. Further, given that most remaining coastal wetlands are currently protected via state and federal lands, we suggest black duck habitat management should strive to acquire and restore brackish and forested wetlands in close proximity to coastal marshes. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ringelman, Kevin M.; Williams, Christopher K.; Anderson, Kurt A.; Bowman, Jacob L.; Cramer, Dane M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Devers, Patrick K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Coluccy, John M.; Yerkes, Tina] Ducks Unlimited Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Castelli, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Edwin B Forsythe Natl Wildlife Refuge, Oceanville, NJ 08231 USA. [Costanzo, Gary R.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Charles City, VA 23230 USA. [Dibona, Matt T.] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Div Fish & Wildlife, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. [Eichholz, Michael W.; Lewis, Benjamin, Jr.; Plattner, Dawn M.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Huang, Min] Connecticut Dept Energy & Environm Protect, Franklin Wildlife Management Area, North Franklin, CT 06254 USA. RP Ringelman, KM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, 310 Renewable Nat Resources Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kringelman@agcenter.lsu.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5 Pittman-Robertson Federal Aid [W-68-R]; Atlantic Coast; Black Duck FX Support for this research was provided by the Atlantic Coast, Black Duck, and Upper Mississippi River Great Lakes Region Joint Ventures, Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control's Division of Fish and Wildlife through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act, Ducks Unlimited, Cape May, Chincoteague, Edwin B. Forsythe and Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuges, New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife Hunter and Anglers Fund, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5 Pittman-Robertson Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Grant W-68-R, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Southern Illinois University, Suffolk County Department of Parks, University of Delaware, Virginia, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and a host of private donors. We thank T. Jones and his staff for providing an annotated version of the NWI GIS layer. We thank J. R. Robb and J. M. Morton for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 79 IS 8 BP 1298 EP 1307 DI 10.1002/jwmg.958 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CU3IP UT WOS:000363418200010 ER PT J AU Bradley, EH Robinson, HS Bangs, EE Kunkel, K Jimenez, MD Gude, JA Grimm, T AF Bradley, Elizabeth H. Robinson, Hugh S. Bangs, Edward E. Kunkel, Kyran Jimenez, Michael D. Gude, Justin A. Grimm, Todd TI Effects of wolf removal on livestock depredation recurrence and wolf recovery in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; depredation; Idaho; lethal control; livestock; Montana; recovery; removal; wolf; Wyoming ID NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; GRAY WOLF; WOLVES; MINNESOTA; CATTLE; MANAGEMENT; CONFLICT; AMERICA AB Wolf (Canis lupus) predation on livestock and management methods used to mitigate conflicts are highly controversial and scrutinized especially where wolf populations are recovering. Wolves are commonly removed from a local area in attempts to reduce further depredations, but the effectiveness of such management actions is poorly understood. We compared the effects of 3 management responses to livestock depredation by wolf packs in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming: no removal, partial pack removal, and full pack removal. We examined the effectiveness of each management response in reducing further depredations using a conditional recurrent event model. From 1989 to 2008, we documented 967 depredations by 156 packs: 228 on sheep and 739 on cattle and other stock. Median time between recurrent depredations was 19 days following no removal (n=593), 64 days following partial pack removal (n=326), and 730 days following full pack removal (n=48; recurring depredations were made by the next pack to occupy the territory). Compared to no removal, full pack removal reduced the occurrence of subsequent depredations by 79% (hazard ratio [HR]=0.21, P<0.001) over a span of 1,850 days (5 years), whereas partial pack removal reduced the occurrence of subsequent depredations by 29% (HR=0.71, P<0.001) over the same period. Partial pack removal was most effective if conducted within the first 7 days following depredation, after which there was only a marginally significant difference between partial pack removal and no action (HR=0.86, P=0.07), and no difference after 14 days (HR=0.99, P=0.93). Within partial pack removal, we found no difference in depredation recurrence when a breeding female (HR=0.64, P=0.2) or 1-year-old male was removed (HR=1.0, P=0.99). The relative effect of all treatments was generally consistent across seasons (spring, summer grazing, and winter) and type of livestock. Ultimately, pack size was the best predictor of a recurrent depredation event; the probability of a depredation event recurring within 5 years increased by 7% for each animal left in the pack after the management response. However, the greater the number of wolves left in a pack, the higher the likelihood the pack met federal criteria to count as a breeding pair the following year toward population recovery goals. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Bradley, Elizabeth H.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Robinson, Hugh S.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Bangs, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Kunkel, Kyran] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Jimenez, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Gude, Justin A.] Wildlife Bur, Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Grimm, Todd] USDA, Wildlife Serv, APHIS, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Bradley, EH (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, 3201 Spurgin Rd, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. EM lbradley@mt.gov FU USFWS FX We thank the many livestock producers who reported depredations and cooperated with the wolf program despite personal losses. We thank the USFWS for funding this study. Wolf monitoring and depredation data was collected by numerous personnel with USDA WS; Idaho Fish and Game; the Nez Perce Tribe; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe; Wyoming Game and Fish; Yellowstone National Park; Turner Endangered Species Fund; and the USFWS. We thank D. Pletscher, D. Smith, C. Mack, J. Holyan, C. Niemeyer, V. Asher, T. Meier, N. Lance, and J. Fontaine for helping at various stages in development of this manuscript. C. Sime provided valuable assistance and guidance. We thank D. Crockett and M. Thompson for reviewing and editing the manuscript. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 26 U2 119 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 79 IS 8 BP 1337 EP 1346 DI 10.1002/jwmg.948 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CU3IP UT WOS:000363418200013 ER PT J AU Clark, JD Laufenberg, JS Davidson, M Murrow, JL AF Clark, Joseph D. Laufenberg, Jared S. Davidson, Maria Murrow, Jennifer L. TI Connectivity among subpopulations of louisiana black bears as estimated by a step selection function SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE corridor; dispersal; GPS; interchange; model; movement; pathway; population recovery; Ursus americanus luteolus ID HABITAT SELECTION; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; CONSERVATION; CORRIDORS; LANDSCAPES; MODEL; METAPOPULATION; MISSISSIPPI; POPULATIONS; CHECKLIST AB Habitat fragmentation is a fundamental cause of population decline and increased risk of extinction for many wildlife species; animals with large home ranges and small population sizes are particularly sensitive. The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) exists only in small, isolated subpopulations as a result of land clearing for agriculture, but the relative potential for inter-subpopulation movement by Louisiana black bears has not been quantified, nor have characteristics of effective travel routes between habitat fragments been identified. We placed and monitored global positioning system (GPS) radio collars on 8 female and 23 male bears located in 4 subpopulations in Louisiana, which included a reintroduced subpopulation located between 2 of the remnant subpopulations. We compared characteristics of sequential radiolocations of bears (i.e., steps) with steps that were possible but not chosen by the bears to develop step selection function models based on conditional logistic regression. The probability of a step being selected by a bear increased as the distance to natural land cover and agriculture at the end of the step decreased and as distance from roads at the end of a step increased. To characterize connectivity among subpopulations, we used the step selection models to create 4,000 hypothetical correlated random walks for each subpopulation representing potential dispersal events to estimate the proportion that intersected adjacent subpopulations (hereafter referred to as successful dispersals). Based on the models, movement paths for males intersected all adjacent subpopulations but paths for females intersected only the most proximate subpopulations. Cross-validation and genetic and independent observation data supported our findings. Our models also revealed that successful dispersals were facilitated by a reintroduced population located between 2 distant subpopulations. Successful dispersals for males were dependent on natural land cover in private ownership. The addition of hypothetical 1,000-m- or 3,000-m-wide corridors between the 4 study areas had minimal effects on connectivity among subpopulations. For females, our model suggested that habitat between subpopulations would probably have to be permanently occupied for demographic rescue to occur. Thus, the establishment of stepping-stone populations, such as the reintroduced population that we studied, may be a more effective conservation measure than long corridors without a population presence in between. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Laufenberg, Jared S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Davidson, Maria] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. [Murrow, Jennifer L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Roy O. Martin Timber Company; Black Bear Conservation Coalition; University of Tennessee; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Roy O. Martin Timber Company, Black Bear Conservation Coalition, University of Tennessee, and U.S. Geological Survey. We would especially like to thank D. Fuller for her logistical and contractual assistance and T. White who provided administrative support throughout this project. We wish to thank the many technicians and land owners that contributed to this project for their hard work and hospitality. P. Beier, H. Beyer, M. Boyce, S. Ciuti, J. Forester, R. Greco, S. King, B. McClintock, T. McDonald, A. Saxton, T. Wiens, and K. Zeller provided valuable assistance with the step selection function analysis, and we extend our gratitude to them as well. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 79 IS 8 BP 1347 EP 1360 DI 10.1002/jwmg.955 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CU3IP UT WOS:000363418200014 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, V Long, SK Shoberg, T Corns, S Carlo, HJ AF Ramachandran, V. Long, S. K. Shoberg, T. Corns, S. Carlo, H. J. TI Framework for Modeling Urban Restoration Resilience Time in the Aftermath of an Extreme Event SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Resilience time; Tornado; Geographic information system (GIS); Supply chain; Restoration ID INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS; DISASTER; FAILURE AB The impacts of extreme events continue long after the emergency response has terminated. Effective reconstruction of supply-chain strategic infrastructure (SCSI) elements is essential for postevent recovery and the reconnectivity of a region with the outside. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach to develop a comprehensive framework to model resilience time. The framework is tested by comparing resilience time results for a simulated EF-5 tornado with ground truth data from the tornado that devastated Joplin, Missouri, on May 22, 2011. Data for the simulated tornado were derived for Overland Park, Johnson County, Kansas, in the greater Kansas City, Missouri, area. Given the simulated tornado, a combinatorial graph considering the damages in terms of interconnectivity between different SCSI elements is derived. Reconstruction in the aftermath of the simulated tornado is optimized using the proposed framework to promote a rapid recovery of the SCSI. This research shows promising results when compared with the independent quantifiable data obtained from Joplin, Missouri, returning a resilience time of 22 days compared with 25 days reported by city and state officials (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Ramachandran, V.; Long, S. K.; Corns, S.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Shoberg, T.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Carlo, H. J.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Ind Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Long, SK (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM vrnq5@mail.mst.edu; longsuz@mst.edu; tshoberg@usgs.gov; cornss@mst.edu; hector.carlo@upr.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey [G13AC00028] FX Partial funding for this research is provided through U.S. Geological Survey award number G13AC00028. We thank Mr. George Mues, Ameren UE, and Mr. Tom Broaders, Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, for providing important information on the prioritization of SCSI elements and the repair rate of damaged elements. We also wish to thank Mr. Mike Middleton, Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT), and Mr. Jack Shaller, former Assistant Public Works Director of the city of Joplin, Missouri, for the reconstruction statistics for Joplin, Missouri. Finally, we thank Mr. Michael Finn and Dr. E. Lynn Usery, U.S. Geological Survey, and Dr. Ruwen Qin, Missouri University of Science and Technology, for their reviews of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 EI 1527-6996 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 AR UNSP 04015005 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000184 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CT8TR UT WOS:000363089900011 ER PT J AU Shellenbarger, GG Downing-Kunz, MA Schoellhamer, DH AF Shellenbarger, Gregory G. Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. Schoellhamer, David H. TI Suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of a San Francisco Bay tributary SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Estuaries; Tides; Tidal slough; Sediment flux; Stratification ID HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; SALT WEDGE; TRANSPORT; ESTUARY; TURBIDITY; EXCHANGE; CURRENTS; KENYA; CREEK; TIDES AB To better understand suspended-sediment transport in a tidal slough adjacent to a large wetland restoration project, we deployed continuously measuring temperature, salinity, depth, turbidity, and velocity sensors in 2010 at a near-bottom location in Alviso Slough (Alviso, California, USA). Alviso Slough is the downstream reach of the Guadalupe River and flows into the far southern end of San Francisco Bay. River flow is influenced by the Mediterranean climate, with high flows (90 m(3) s(-1)) correlated to episodic winter storms and low base flow (0.85 m(3) s(-1)) during the summer. Storms and associated runoff have a large influence on sediment flux for brief periods, but the annual peak sediment concentrations in the slough, which occur in April and May, are similar to the rest of this part of the bay and are not directly related to peak discharge events. Strong spring tides promote a large upstream sediment flux as a front associated with the passage of a salt wedge during flood tide. Neap tides do not have flood-directed fronts, but a front seen sometimes during ebb tide appears to be associated with the breakdown of stratification in the slough. During neap tides, stratification likely suppresses sediment transport during weaker flood and ebb tides. The slough is flood dominant during spring tides, and ebb dominant during neap tides. Extreme events in landward (salt wedge) and bayward (rainfall events) suspended-sediment flux account for 5.0 % of the total sediment flux in the slough and only 0.55 % of the samples. The remaining 95 % of the total sediment flux is due to tidal transport, with an imbalance in the daily tidal transport producing net landward flux. Overall, net sediment transport during this study was landward indicating that sediment in the sloughs may not be flushed to the bay and are available for sedimentation in the adjacent marshes and ponds. C1 [Shellenbarger, Gregory G.; Downing-Kunz, Maureen A.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Francisco Estuary Sediment Transport Project, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Shellenbarger, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Francisco Estuary Sediment Transport Project, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM gshellen@usgs.gov FU US Army Corps of Engineers; California State Coastal Conservancy; Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay; US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science Program FX The authors gratefully thank Paul Buchanan, Robert Castagna, Amber Powell, Chris Silva, Kurt Weidich, Brooks Weisser, and Rob Wilson for the field work and data management on this project. The manuscript has been improved though discussions with Scott Wright. Funding for this work has come from the US Army Corps of Engineers, California State Coastal Conservancy, the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay, and the US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science Program. The Santa Clara Valley Water District supported the sediment measurements at the Guadalupe River station. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1477 EP 1488 DI 10.1007/s10236-015-0876-0 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CU1DL UT WOS:000363259600007 ER PT J AU Luis, AD O'Shea, TJ Hayman, DTS Wood, JLN Cunningham, AA Gilbert, AT Mills, JN Webb, CT AF Luis, Angela D. O'Shea, Thomas J. Hayman, David T. S. Wood, James L. N. Cunningham, Andrew A. Gilbert, Amy T. Mills, James N. Webb, Colleen T. TI Network analysis of host-virus communities in bats and rodents reveals determinants of cross-species transmission SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Chiroptera; ecological networks; emerging infectious disease; Rodentia; zoonoses ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EVOLUTION; PARASITES; PHYLOGENY; RESERVOIR; PATTERNS; MATRICES; ECOLOGY; PACKAGE AB Bats are natural reservoirs of several important emerging viruses. Cross-species transmission appears to be quite common among bats, which may contribute to their unique reservoir potential. Therefore, understanding the importance of bats as reservoirs requires examining them in a community context rather than concentrating on individual species. Here, we use a network approach to identify ecological and biological correlates of cross-species virus transmission in bats and rodents, another important host group. We show that given our current knowledge the bat viral sharing network is more connected than the rodent network, suggesting viruses may pass more easily between bat species. We identify host traits associated with important reservoir species: gregarious bats are more likely to share more viruses and bats which migrate regionally are important for spreading viruses through the network. We identify multiple communities of viral sharing within bats and rodents and highlight potential species traits that can help guide studies of novel pathogen emergence. C1 [Luis, Angela D.; Hayman, David T. S.; Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Luis, Angela D.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Luis, Angela D.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hayman, David T. S.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hayman, David T. S.] Massey Univ, mEpiLab, Infect Dis Res Ctr IDReC, Hopkirk Res Inst,Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North 4442, Manawatu, New Zealand. [Wood, James L. N.] Univ Cambridge, Dis Dynam Unit, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. [Cunningham, Andrew A.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Gilbert, Amy T.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Mills, James N.] Emory Univ, Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Luis, AD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM angela.luis@umontana.edu RI Cunningham, Andrew/E-7536-2010; Wood, James/A-1626-2008 OI Wood, James/0000-0002-0258-3188 FU Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate (US Department of Homeland Security); Fogarty International Center (National Institutes of Health); David H. Smith post-doctoral fellowship; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit award; Alborada Trust FX This work was supported by the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate (US Department of Homeland Security) and the Fogarty International Center (National Institutes of Health). D.T.S.H. acknowledges funding from a David H. Smith post-doctoral fellowship. A.A.C. is partially funded by a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit award, and J.L.N.W. is supported by the Alborada Trust. Thanks to Paul Cryan and Michael O'Donnell of the USGS Fort Collins Science Center for help with species distribution analyses. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 15 U2 65 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1153 EP 1162 DI 10.1111/ele.12491 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT6IB UT WOS:000362915600002 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, Y Webster, CD Thompson, KR Cummins, VC Gannam, AL Twibell, RG Hyde, NM Koch, JFA AF Kobayashi, Yuka Webster, Carl D. Thompson, Kenneth R. Cummins, Vaun C., Jr. Gannam, Ann L. Twibell, Ronald G. Hyde, Nathan M. Albers Koch, Joao Fernando TI Effects on growth, survival, body composition, processing traits and water quality when feeding a diet without vitamin and mineral supplements to Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) grown in ponds SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red claw; growth; diets; pond culture ID PENAEUS-MONODON JUVENILES; VON-MARTENS DECAPODA; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; EXTENSIVE CULTURE-SYSTEM; REDCLAW CRAYFISH; PRACTICAL DIETS; PROTEIN-LEVELS; PROCAMBARUS-CLARKII; EARTHEN PONDS; PARASTACIDAE AB To be profitable, producers must reduce diet costs, which can be as high as 80% of the variable costs of an aquaculture expense. As vitamin and mineral premixes represent a significant cost, eliminating addition of these premixes could reduce diet costs if no adverse effects were observed for growth and production parameters. A 105-day feeding trial was conducted with juvenile Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) to evaluate the effects of growth, survival, body composition, processing traits and water quality when red claw were fed a supplemental diet containing 28% crude protein (CP) without vitamin and mineral premixes (and supplemented alfalfa hay) compared with red claw fed a diet (control diet) containing 42% CP, vitamin and mineral premixes, and with supplemented alfalfa hay, and compared with red claw only fed alfalfa hay when grown in ponds. Juvenile red claw (mean weight of 15.7 +/- 1.0g) were randomly stocked into nine 0.02-ha ponds at a rate of 640 per pond (3.2 perm(2)), and each treatment was used in three ponds. There were two feedings per day, each consisting of one-half of the total daily ration. At harvest, individual weight, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, survival and total yield of red claw fed a control diet was significantly higher (P<0.05) (83.0g, 398%, 1.53%day(-1), 65.1%,and 1708kgha(-1) respectively) compared with red claw only fed alfalfa hay (44.9g, 202%, 1.04%day(-1), 30.3% and 431kgha(-1), respectively), but not different (P>0.05) from red claw fed the supplemental diet without vitamin and mineral premixes (76.2g, 367%, 1.47%day(-1), 57.2% and 1378kgha(-1)). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR) among treatments, which averaged 5.0 (based on prepared diet input). These results indicate that vitamin and mineral supplementation in a diet is not necessary when diet containing 28% CP and alfalfa hay are used in combination for pond grown red claw. These results may help reduce diet costs and possibly increase producers' profits which might allow for industry expansion. C1 [Kobayashi, Yuka; Webster, Carl D.; Thompson, Kenneth R.; Cummins, Vaun C., Jr.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY USA. [Gannam, Ann L.; Twibell, Ronald G.; Hyde, Nathan M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. [Albers Koch, Joao Fernando] Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Cummins, Vaun C., Jr.] Alltech, Ctr Nutrigen & Appl Anim Nutr, Nicholasville, KY USA. RP Webster, CD (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM carl.webster@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [KYX-80-09-18A] FX The authors thank N. Ann, K.C., K.N. Dee, B.R. Lee, E.M. Maa, Cathy Rhin, B. Rett, Shi Ron, M.S. Tee, D.R. Wynne and Sam Wise for their technical assistance. This manuscript is in partial fulfillment of a Master's of Science degree, Division of Aquaculture, Kentucky State University for the lead author. Research was partially funded by a USDA grant under agreement KYX-80-09-18A to Kentucky State University. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2716 EP 2727 DI 10.1111/are.12427 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CT0XS UT WOS:000362521900014 ER PT J AU Secord, AL Patnode, KA Carter, C Redman, E Gefell, DJ Major, AR Sparks, DW AF Secord, Anne L. Patnode, Kathleen A. Carter, Charles Redman, Eric Gefell, Daniel J. Major, Andrew R. Sparks, Daniel W. TI Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Bats from the Northeastern United States SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ANTIFUNGAL METABOLITES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; THYROID-HORMONES; BROWN BATS; PHARMACEUTICALS; EXPOSURE AB We analyzed bat carcasses (Myotis lucifugus, M. sodalis, M. septentrionalis, and Eptesicus fuscus) from the northeastern United States for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and pharmaceuticals and personal care products. The CECs detected most frequently in samples were PBDEs (100 %), salicylic acid (81 %), thiabendazole (50 %), and caffeine (23 %). Other compounds detected in at least 15 % of bat samples were digoxigenin, ibuprofen, warfarin, penicillin V, testosterone, and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). The CECs present at the highest geometric mean wet weight concentrations in bat carcasses were bisphenol A (397 ng/g), I PDBE pound congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154 (83.5 ng/g), triclosan (71.3 n/g), caffeine (68.3 ng/g), salicylic acid (66.4 ng/g), warfarin (57.6 ng/g), sulfathiazole (55.8 ng/g), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (53.8 ng/g), and DEET (37.2 ng/g). Bats frequently forage in aquatic and terrestrial habitats that may be subjected to discharges from wastewater-treatment plants, agricultural operations, and other point and nonpoint sources of contaminants. This study shows that some CECs are accumulating in the tissue of bats. We propose that CECs detected in bats have the potential to affect a number of physiological systems in bats including hibernation, immune function, and response to white-nose syndrome, a fungal disease causing population-level impacts to bats. C1 [Secord, Anne L.; Gefell, Daniel J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Patnode, Kathleen A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Carter, Charles] TestAmerica, Las Vegas, NV 89117 USA. [Redman, Eric] TestAmerica, West Sacramento, CA 95605 USA. [Major, Andrew R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Sparks, Daniel W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RP Secord, AL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3817 Luker Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM Anne_secord@fws.gov FU USFWS FX This study was funded by the USFWS. We thank Robert Rudd (NYSDOH), Greg Turner (Pennsylvania Game Commission), Jeremy Coleman (USFWS), Kristy Sullivan (Cornell University), Scott Darling (Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife), Tom French and Tony Gola (Massachusetts Department of Fish and Wildlife), Emily Brunkhurst (New Hampshire Fish and Game), Chris Dobony (United States Army [Fort Drum]), and Al Hicks and Carl Herzog (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation) for supplying us with bat carcasses and other sample material. We thank John Wiley (USFWS) for help with statistical analysis. We dedicate this manuscript to Dr. Charlie Carter, who left us too soon. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 69 IS 4 BP 411 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0196-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CT2WT UT WOS:000362666700004 PM 26245185 ER PT J AU Curto, JB Diniz, T Vidotti, RM Blakely, RJ Fuck, RA AF Curto, Julia B. Diniz, Tatiana Vidotti, Roberta M. Blakely, Richard J. Fuck, Reinhardt A. TI Optimizing depth estimates from magnetic anomalies using spatial analysis tools SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tilt; Depth; Magnetic anomaly; Spatial analysis; GIS ID DIFFERENTIAL REDUCTION; EULER DECONVOLUTION; AEROMAGNETIC DATA; ANALYTIC SIGNAL; PARANA BASIN; POLE; TILT; COMPUTER; BODIES; BRAZIL AB We offer a methodology to analyze the spatial and statistical properties of the tilt derivative of magnetic anomalies, thus facilitating the mapping of the location and depth of concealed magnetic sources. This methodology uses commonly available graphical information system (GIS) software to estimate and interpolate horizontal distances between key attributes of the tilt derivative, which then are used to estimate depth and location of causative bodies. Application of the method to synthetic data illustrates its reliability to determine depths to magnetic contacts. We also achieved consistent depth results using real data from the northwest portion of the Parana Basin, Brazil, where magnetic anomaly interpretations are complicated by low geomagnetic inclinations and rocks with remanent magnetization. The tilt-derivative method provides more continuous and higher resolution contact information than the 3D Euler deconvolution technique. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Curto, Julia B.; Diniz, Tatiana; Vidotti, Roberta M.; Fuck, Reinhardt A.] Univ Brasilia, Inst Geociencias, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Curto, JB (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Inst Geociencias, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM julia.curto@gmail.com RI Vidotti, Roberta/O-8019-2014 OI Vidotti, Roberta/0000-0003-1951-3431 FU FUB/Petrobras [0050.005315109.9]; CNPq-Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; ESRI [2011 MLK 8733] FX We are grateful for the sponsorship of FUB/Petrobras under cooperation term 0050.005315109.9; and to CNPq-Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico for the Grants to JBC and RAF. We also thank ANP - Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas natural e Biocombustiveis, CPRM - Servico Geologico do Brasil, CNEN - Comissao Nacional de Energia nuclear, and SGM/SIC-GO (Secretaria de Industria e Comercio do Estado de Goias) for providing access to geophysical data for academic purposes; GEOSOFT for providing the software oasis Montaj 8.1; ESRI for providing the tool package ArcGis 10 under the Contract no. 2011 MLK 8733; IMAGEM for making possible the agreement between IG-UnB and ESRI; the laboratory of remote Sensing and the laboratory of applied geophysics of the IG-UnB (Instituto de Geociencias da Universidade de Brasilia) for the use of their facilities, we are particularly grateful to Gerry Connard for his constructive review of this paper. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 84 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2015.07.018 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA CS8AI UT WOS:000362307700001 ER PT J AU Downing-Kunz, MA Schoellhamer, DH AF Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. Schoellhamer, David H. TI Suspended-Sediment Trapping in the Tidal Reach of an Estuarine Tributary Channel SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Suspended-sediment discharge; Coastal tributary; Tidal reach; Suspended-sediment trapping ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; SACRAMENTO; AUSTRALIA; BUDGET; DELTA; SIZE AB Evidence of decreasing sediment supply to estuaries and coastal oceans worldwide illustrates the need for accurate and updated estimates. In the San Francisco Estuary (Estuary), recent research suggests a decrease in supply from its largest tributaries, implying the increasing role of smaller, local tributaries in sediment supply to this estuary. Common techniques for estimating supply from tributaries are based on gages located above head of tide, which do not account for trapping processes within the tidal reach. We investigated the effect of a tidal reach on suspended-sediment discharge for Corte Madera Creek, a small tributary of the Estuary. Discharge of water (Q) and suspended-sediment (SSD) were observed for 3 years at two locations along the creek: upstream of tidal influence and at the mouth. Comparison of upstream and mouth gages showed nearly 50 % trapping of upstream SSD input within the tidal reach over this period. At the storm time scale, suspended-sediment trapping efficiency varied greatly (range -31 to 93 %); storms were classified as low- or high-yield based on upstream SSD. As upstream peak Q increased, high-yield storms exhibited significantly decreased trapping. Tidal conditions at the mouth-ebb duration and peak ebb velocity-during storms had a minor effect on sediment trapping, suggesting fluvial processes dominate. Comparison of characteristic fluvial and tidal discharges at the storm time scale demonstrated longitudinal differences in the regulating process for SSD. These results suggest that SSD from gages situated above head of tide overestimate sediment supply to the open waters beyond tributary mouths and thus trapping processes within the tidal reach should be considered. C1 [Downing-Kunz, Maureen A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Downing-Kunz, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mokunz@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District, as part of a Regional Sediment Management Program for San Francisco Bay FX This study was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District, as part of a Regional Sediment Management Program for San Francisco Bay. We also thank the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission for their assistance. We thank Paul Buchanan, Karl Davidek, Amber Forest, Mathieu Marineau, Dennis O'Halloran, Amber Powell, Greg Shellenbarger, Kurt Weidich, Brooks Weisser, Daniel Whealdon-Haught, and Rob Wilson for their assistance with data collection and analysis. We thank Lester McKee, Paul Work, Scott Wright, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2015 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2198 EP 2212 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-9944-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CT1SE UT WOS:000362580300028 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Robinson, TJ AF Smith, David R. Robinson, Timothy J. TI Horseshoe Crab Spawning Activity in Delaware Bay, USA, After Harvest Reduction: A Mixed-Model Analysis SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Horseshoe crabs; Limulus polyphemus; Citizen science; Trend analysis; Hierarchical model ID LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; CITIZEN SCIENCE; BEACH CHARACTERISTICS; ESTUARINE BEACH; POPULATION; EGGS; MIGRATION; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; TOOL AB A Delaware Bay, USA, standardized survey of spawning horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus, was carried out in 1999 -aEuro parts per thousand 2013 through a citizen science network. Previous trend analyses of the data were at the state (DE or NJ) or bay-wide levels. Here, an alternative mixed-model regression analysis was used to estimate trends in female and male spawning densities at the beach level (n = 26) with the objective of inferring their causes. For females, there was no overall trend and no single explanation applies to the temporal and spatial patterns in their densities. Individual beaches that initially had higher densities tended to experience a decrease, while beaches that initially had lower densities tended to experience an increase. As a result, densities of spawning females at the end of the study period were relatively similar among beaches, suggesting a redistribution of females among the beaches over the study period. For males, there was a positive overall trend in spawning abundance from 1999 to 2013, and this increase occurred broadly among beaches. Moreover, the beaches with below-average initial male density tended to have the greatest increases. Possible explanations for these patterns include harvest reduction, sampling artifact, habitat change, density-dependent habitat selection, or mate selection. The broad and significant increase in male spawning density, which occurred after enactment of harvest controls, is consistent with the harvest reduction explanation, but there is no single explanation for the temporal or spatial pattern in female densities. These results highlight the continued value of a citizen-science-based spawning survey in understanding horseshoe crab ecology and conservation. C1 [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25443 USA. [Robinson, Timothy J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25443 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov; tjrobin@uwyo.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2015 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2345 EP 2354 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-9961-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CT1SE UT WOS:000362580300038 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Cornman, RS Jones, KL Fike, JA AF Oyler-McCance, S. J. Cornman, R. S. Jones, K. L. Fike, J. A. TI Z chromosome divergence, polymorphism and relative effective population size in a genus of lekking birds SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; SEX-LINKED GENES; FASTER-Z EVOLUTION; FAST-X EVOLUTION; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; FICEDULA FLYCATCHERS; DIFFERENTIAL INTROGRESSION; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; CONTRASTING PATTERNS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AB Sex chromosomes contribute disproportionately to species boundaries as they diverge faster than autosomes and often have reduced diversity. Their hemizygous nature contributes to faster divergence and reduced diversity, as do some types of selection. In birds, other factors (mating system and bottlenecks) can further decrease the effective population size of Z-linked loci and accelerate divergence (Fast-Z). We assessed Z-linked divergence and effective population sizes for two polygynous sage-grouse species and compared them to estimates from birds with various mating systems. We found lower diversity and higher FST for Z-linked loci than for autosomes, as expected. The pZ/pA ratio was 0.38 in Centrocercus minimus, 0.48 in Centrocercus urophasianus and 0.59 in a diverged, parapatric population of C. urophasianus, a broad range given the mating system among these groups is presumably equivalent. The full data set had unequal males and females across groups, so we compared an equally balanced reduced set of C. minimus and individuals pooled from both C. urophasianus subgroups recovering similar estimates: 0.54 for C. urophasianus and 0.38 for C. minimus. We provide further evidence that N-eZ/N-eA in birds is often lower than expected under random mating or monogamy. The lower ratio in C. minimus could be a consequence of stronger selection or drift acting on Z loci during speciation, as this species differs strongly from C. urophasianus in sexually selected characters with minimal mitochondrial divergence. As C. minimus also exhibited lower genomic diversity, it is possible that a more severe demographic history may contribute to its lower ratio. C1 [Oyler-McCance, S. J.; Fike, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cornman, R. S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Jones, K. L.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Aurora, CO USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM soyler@usgs.gov NR 97 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD NOV PY 2015 VL 115 IS 5 BP 452 EP 459 DI 10.1038/hdy.2015.46 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CT5CF UT WOS:000362824300008 PM 26014526 ER PT J AU Boyd, C Castillo, R Hunt, GL Punt, AE VanBlaricom, GR Weimerskirch, H Bertrand, S AF Boyd, Charlotte Castillo, Ramiro Hunt, George L., Jr. Punt, Andre E. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Weimerskirch, Henri Bertrand, Sophie TI Predictive modelling of habitat selection by marine predators with respect to the abundance and depth distribution of pelagic prey SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE central place foragers; foraging ecology; habitat use; Humboldt Current System; predator-prey interactions; spatial distribution ID HUMBOLDT CURRENT SYSTEM; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; GUANAY CORMORANT; DIVING BEHAVIOR; SPATIAL SCALES; BERING-SEA; SEABIRDS; FISH AB Understanding the ecological processes that underpin species distribution patterns is a fundamental goal in spatial ecology. However, developing predictive models of habitat use is challenging for species that forage in marine environments, as both predators and prey are often highly mobile and difficult to monitor. Consequently, few studies have developed resource selection functions for marine predators based directly on the abundance and distribution of their prey. We analysed contemporaneous data on the diving locations of two seabird species, the shallow-diving Peruvian Booby (Sula variegata) and deeper diving Guanay Cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvilliorum), and the abundance and depth distribution of their main prey, Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens). Based on this unique data set, we developed resource selection functions to test the hypothesis that the probability of seabird diving behaviour at a given location is a function of the relative abundance of prey in the upper water column. For both species, we show that the probability of diving behaviour is mostly explained by the distribution of prey at shallow depths. While the probability of diving behaviour increases sharply with prey abundance at relatively low levels of abundance, support for including abundance in addition to the depth distribution of prey is weak, suggesting that prey abundance was not a major factor determining the location of diving behaviour during the study period. The study thus highlights the importance of the depth distribution of prey for two species of seabird with different diving capabilities. The results complement previous research that points towards the importance of oceanographic processes that enhance the accessibility of prey to seabirds. The implications are that locations where prey is predictably found at accessible depths may be more important for surface foragers, such as seabirds, than locations where prey is predictably abundant. Analysis of the relative importance of abundance and accessibility is essential for the design and evaluation of effective management responses to reduced prey availability for seabirds and other top predators in marine systems. C1 [Boyd, Charlotte; Hunt, George L., Jr.; Punt, Andre E.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Castillo, Ramiro] Inst Mar Peru, Lima, Peru. [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA USA. [Weimerskirch, Henri] Ctr Etud Biol Chize, Villiers En Bois, France. [Bertrand, Sophie] Inst Rech Dev, Sete, France. RP Boyd, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM boydchar@u.washington.edu OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1575 EP 1588 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12409 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CT3XU UT WOS:000362741000013 PM 26061120 ER PT J AU Orben, RA Paredes, R Roby, DD Irons, DB Shaffer, SA AF Orben, Rachael A. Paredes, Rosana Roby, Daniel D. Irons, David B. Shaffer, Scott A. TI Body size affects individual winter foraging strategies of thick-billed murres in the Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; body size; foraging strategies; geolocation; local adaptation; marine habitats; stable isotopes; Uria lomvia; winter migration ID PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MARINE PREDATOR; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; ISOTOPE RATIOS; URIA-LOMVIA; HABITAT USE; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; SEABIRDS; PENGUINS AB Foraging and migration often require different energetic and movement strategies. Though not readily apparent, constraints during one phase might influence the foraging strategies observed in another. For marine birds that fly and dive, body size constraints likely present a trade-off between foraging ability and migration as smaller bodies reduce flight costs, whereas larger bodies are advantageous for diving deeper. This study examines individual wintering strategies of deep diving thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) breeding at three colonies in the south-eastern Bering Sea: St Paul, St George and Bogoslof. These colonies, arranged north to south, are located such that breeding birds forage in a gradient from shelf to deep-water habitats. We used geolocation time-depth recorders and stable isotopes from feathers to determine differences in foraging behaviour and diet of murres during three non-breeding periods, 2008-2011. Body size was quantified by a principal component analysis (wing, culmen, head+bill and tarsus length). A hierarchical cluster analysis identified winter foraging strategies based on individual movement, diving behaviour and diet (inferred from stable isotopes). Structural body size differed by breeding island. Larger birds from St Paul had higher wing loading than smaller birds from St George. Larger birds, mainly from St Paul, dove to deeper depths, spent more time in the Bering Sea, and likely consumed higher trophic-level prey in late winter. Three winter foraging strategies were identified. The main strategy, employed by small birds from all three breeding colonies in the first 2years, was characterized by high residency areas in the North Pacific south of the Aleutians and nocturnal diving. In contrast, 31% of birds from St Paul remained in the Bering Sea and foraged mainly during the day, apparently feeding on higher trophic-level prey. Throat feather stable isotopes indicated that individuals exhibited flexibility in the use of this colony-specific foraging strategy. The third strategy only occurred in 2010/2011, when birds dove more and deeper, suggesting limited prey resources. Foraging strategies partitioned with respect to annual differences, presumably in response to shifts in distribution of prey, and were linked to body size. The presence of a colony-specific wintering strategy suggests the potential for overwinter survival differences between these populations. C1 [Orben, Rachael A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Orben, Rachael A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Paredes, Rosana] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Orben, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM raorben@gmail.com OI Orben, Rachael/0000-0002-0802-407X FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); UCSC; USFWS; NPRB [911, B63, B77] FX This research was approved by permit from the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and by the Animal Care and Use Committees of the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) and the USFWS. We are extremely thankful for the hard work of four seasons of field crewmembers, particularly to A. Harding who lead field efforts at Bogoslof Island. We are grateful to R. Young and A. Kitaysky who analysed DNA for sexing. We sincerely thank the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge for their long-term efforts to monitor seabird populations. A North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Graduate Fellowship and a UCSC Chancellor's Dissertation Year Fellowship supported R. Orben. This research was funded by the USFWS, NPRB project 911 to D. Irons, D. Roby and S. Shaffer, and though NPRB projects B63 and B77 to D. Irons and D. Roby. Daniel Costa and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this work. This is contribution No. 551 of the NPRB. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 15 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1599 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12410 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CT3XU UT WOS:000362741000014 PM 26095664 ER PT J AU Slager, DL Rodewald, PG Heglund, PJ AF Slager, David L. Rodewald, Paul G. Heglund, Patricia J. TI Experimental effects of habitat type on the movement ecology and stopover duration of spring migrant Northern Waterthrushes (Parkesia noveboracensis) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spatial ecology; Habitat exploration; Radiotelemetry; Energetic condition; Nearctic-Neotropical bird migration; Seiurus noveboracensis; Parulidae ID MIGRATORY STOPOVER; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; PASSERINE MIGRANTS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; WILSONS WARBLERS; EUROPEAN ROBINS; BODY CONDITION; ARRIVAL DATE; FUEL STORES; SONGBIRDS AB Long-distance migratory animals typically stop-over between migratory movements to rest and refuel. In species lacking stopover site fidelity, including most songbirds, timely arrival to breeding areas with sufficient energy stores for reproduction requires that migrants rapidly locate suitable stopover habitat in unfamiliar landscapes. Few studies have examined movement ecology in such species during stopover, and even fewer have addressed how these migrants adjust movement behaviors in response to encountering preferred or non-preferred habitats. We experimentally translocated spring transient Northern Waterthrushes (Parkesia noveboracensis) to preferred (bottomland) and non-preferred (upland) forest habitats and characterized subsequent fine-scale movements and stopover duration using radiotelemetry. Minimum stopover duration averaged 4.1 days and was 1.5 days longer in bottomland-released birds than in upland-released birds. Minimum stopover duration decreased by 1.4 days per week over the spring migratory period. For upland-released and bottomland-released birds, respectively, maximum distance moved from the release point was 635 +/- 58 m and 326 +/- 51 m on the day of the release and 773 +/- 109 m and 504 +/- 83 m on the following day. Upland-released individuals traveled nearly twice as far from the release point on day 1 as bottomland-released birds. Upon reaching bottomland habitats within 2.0 +/- 0.3 h of release, subsequent distance moved on day 1 by upland-released birds was similar to that of bottomland-released birds. Cumulatively, these results indicate that initial exploratory movements were facultative and habitat dependent and that waterthrushes can successfully locate suitable stopover habitats in a heterogeneous landscape at the spatial scales we investigated. C1 [Slager, David L.; Rodewald, Paul G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Slager, David L.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Slager, David L.] Univ Washington, Burke Museum Nat Hist & Culture, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rodewald, Paul G.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Slager, DL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 210 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM slager@uw.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service Cooperative Agreement [30181-9-J274]; United States Challenge Cost Share Cooperative Agreement [30181-8-J146]; Ohio State University Graduate School; Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center FX Research funding was provided through United States Fish and Wildlife Service Cooperative Agreement (#30181-9-J274) and Challenge Cost Share Cooperative Agreement (#30181-8-J146) to The Ohio State University. DLS was supported by a University Fellowship from The Ohio State University Graduate School; an Environmental Fellowship from The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences; and a Director's Associateship from the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. We thank W.B. Lewis, L.D. Jenkins, J.M. Jordan, A.E.W. Levoy, F.C. Nebenburgh, R.G. Secrist, R.J. Trimbath, J.M. Webber, and D.E. Westerman for field assistance. K.L. Carlyle, M.S. Meier, and S.C. Houdek provided extensive logistical support and conducted airplane telemetry. V.L. Hirschboeck provided logistical support and access to field sites at Trempealeau NWR. We thank P. A. Bednekoff and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1809 EP 1819 DI 10.1007/s00265-015-1993-y PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CS8UF UT WOS:000362363400007 ER PT J AU Kusky, T Mooney, W AF Kusky, Tim Mooney, Walter TI Is the Ordos Basin floored by a trapped oceanic plateau? SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ordos Basin; North China Craton; oceanic plateau; Archean; crustal evolution ID NORTH CHINA CRATON; ONTONG-JAVA PLATEAU; SOUTH CASPIAN BASIN; CENTRAL OROGENIC BELT; PALEOPROTEROZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; RAYLEIGH-WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; KERGUELEN PLATEAU; MAINLAND CHINA; BASEMENT ROCKS AB The Ordos Basin in China has about 10 km of Neoarchean to Quaternary sediments covering an enigmatic basement of uncertain origin. The basement is tectonically stable, has a thick mantle root, low heat flow, few earthquakes, and has been slowly subsiding for billions of years. The basement has geophysical signatures that indicate it is dominantly intermediate to mafic in composition, and is similar to some other cratons world-wide, and also to several major oceanic plateaus. It was accreted to the amalgamated Eastern Block and Central Orogenic belt of the North China Craton (NCC) in the Paleoproterozoic, then involved in several Proterozoic tectonic events including being over-thrust by an accretionary orogen, and intruded by Andean arc-related magmas, and then involved in a continent-continent collision during amalgamation with the Columbia Supercontinent. Thus, the basement rocks are deformed, metamorphosed to granulite facies, and determining their initial origin is difficult. We suggest that the data is consistent with an origin as an oceanic plateau that accreted to the NCC and, later experienced different episodes of differentiation associated with later subduction and collisions. Formation of cratonic lithosphere by accretion of oceanic plateaus may be one mechanism to create stable cratons. Other cratons that apparently formed by partial melting of underplated and imbricated oceanic slabs are stable in some cases, but also re-activated and "de-cratonized" in some cases in Asia, where they have been affected by younger subduction, hydration, slab roll-back, and melt-peridotite reactions. This suggests that the initial mode of craton formation may be a factor in the preservation of stable cratons, and de-cratonization is not only influenced by younger tectonic activity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kusky, Tim] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Kusky, Tim; Mooney, Walter] China Univ Geosci, Ctr Global Tecton, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Mooney, Walter] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kusky, T (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM tkusky@gmail.com OI Kusky, Timothy/0000-0002-4553-620X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91014002, 40821061]; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China [B07039]; Academic Innovation Base Plan of China University of Geosciences, Wuhan; 1000 Talents Program, Central Organization Committee, China; US National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX This study was supported by the grants National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91014002 and 40821061) and Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (No. B07039), the Academic Innovation Base Plan of China University of Geosciences, Wuhan), and the 1000 Talents Program, Central Organization Committee, China, award to T. Kusky and the US National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. Zhengshen Wang and X.Y. (Simon) Li provided help in drafting figures. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that improved the paper, and An Yin for his help as the handling editor. NR 93 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 429 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.069 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CS4QE UT WOS:000362060200021 ER PT J AU Hirsch, RM Archfield, SA De Cicco, LA AF Hirsch, Robert M. Archfield, Stacey A. De Cicco, Laura A. TI A bootstrap method for estimating uncertainty of water quality trends SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Bootstrap; Trend; Uncertainty analysis ID LOAD ESTIMATION; REGRESSION; STREAM; VARIABLES; MODELS; TESTS AB Estimation of the direction and magnitude of trends in surface water quality remains a problem of great scientific and practical interest. The Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) method was recently introduced as an exploratory data analysis tool to provide flexible and robust estimates of water quality trends. This paper enhances the WRTDS method through the introduction of the WRTDS Bootstrap Test (WBT), an extension of WRTDS that quantifies the uncertainty in WRTDS-estimates of water quality trends and offers various ways to visualize and communicate these uncertainties. Monte Carlo experiments are applied to estimate the Type I error probabilities for this method. WBT is compared to other water-quality trend-testing methods appropriate for data sets of one to three decades in length with sampling frequencies of 6-24 observations per year. The software to conduct the test is in the EGRETci R-package. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hirsch, Robert M.; Archfield, Stacey A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [De Cicco, Laura A.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Hirsch, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rhirsch@usgs.gov; sarch@usgs.gov; ldecicco@usgs.gov OI Hirsch, Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X; De Cicco, Laura/0000-0002-3915-9487 FU U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Research and Development Program; National Water Quality Assessment Program; Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem Program FX Author contributions: R.H. designed and performed the research; R.H. and S.A. wrote the paper; R.H. and L.D. wrote the software; L.D. packaged the software. We also acknowledge the assistance with coding by Jeffrey Chanat, advice on time series and hypothesis testing issues from Timothy Cohn, and a very helpful review from Aldo Vecchia. This research has been funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Research and Development Program, National Water Quality Assessment Program, and Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem Program. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 73 BP 148 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.07.017 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS2NC UT WOS:000361906900013 ER PT J AU Safran, EB O'Connor, JE Ely, LL House, PK Grant, G Harrity, K Croall, K Jones, E AF Safran, E. B. O'Connor, J. E. Ely, L. L. House, P. K. Grant, G. Harrity, K. Croall, K. Jones, E. TI Plugs or flood-makers? The unstable landslide dams of eastern Oregon SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Landslides; Landslide dams; Mass movements; Eastern Oregon; Geomorphology ID ROCK-SLOPE FAILURES; NEW-ZEALAND; KARAKORAM HIMALAYA; OWYHEE RIVER; EVOLUTION; LANDSCAPES; MIOCENE; IDAHO; LAKES AB Landslides into valley bottoms can affect longitudinal profiles of rivers, thereby influencing landscape evolution through base-level changes. Large landslides can hinder river incision by temporarily damming rivers, but catastrophic failure of landslide dams may generate large floods that could promote incision. Dam stability therefore strongly modulates the effects of landslide dams and might be expected to vary among geologic settings. Here, we investigate the morphometry, stability, and effects on adjacent channel profiles of 17 former and current landslide dams in eastern Oregon. Data on landslide dam dimensions, former impoundment size, and longitudinal profile form were obtained from digital elevation data constrained by field observations and aerial imagery; while evidence for catastrophic dam breaching was assessed in the field. The dry, primarily extensional terrain of low-gradient volcanic tablelands and basins contrasts with the tectonically active, mountainous landscapes more commonly associated with large landslides. All but one of the eastern Oregon landslide dams are ancient (likely of order 103 to 104 years old), and all but one has been breached. The portions of the Oregon landslide dams blocking channels are small relative to the area of their source landslide complexes (0.4-33.6 km(2)). The multi-pronged landslides in eastern Oregon produce marginally smaller volume darns but affect much larger channels and impound more water than do landslide dams in mountainous settings. As a result, at least 14 of the 17 (82%) large landslide dams in our study area appear to have failed cataclysmically, producing large downstream floods now marked by boulder outwash, compared to a 40-70% failure rate for landslide dams in steep mountain environments. Morphometric indices of landslide dam stability calibrated in other environments were applied to the Oregon dams. Threshold values of the Blockage and Dimensionless Blockage Indices calibrated to worldwide data sets successfully separate dam sites in eastern Oregon that failed catastrophically from those that did not. Accumulated sediments upstream of about 50% of the dam sites indicate at least short-term persistence of landslide dams prior to eventual failure. Nevertheless, only three landslide dam remnants and one extant dam significantly elevate the modern river profile. We conclude that eastern Oregon's landslide dams are indeed floodmakers, but we lack clear evidence that they form lasting plugs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Safran, E. B.] Lewis & Clark Coll, Environm Studies Program, Portland, OR 97219 USA. [O'Connor, J. E.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Ely, L. L.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [House, P. K.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Grant, G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harrity, K.; Croall, K.; Jones, E.] Lewis & Clark Coll, Portland, OR 97219 USA. RP Safran, EB (reprint author), Lewis & Clark Coll, Environm Studies Program, MSC 55,0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR 97219 USA. EM safran@lclark.edu FU Geological Society of America's Gladys Cole Award; National Science Foundation [EAR-617347]; John S. Rogers Summer Internship Program at Lewis Clark College; NCALM seed grant FX This work was funded by the Geological Society of America's Gladys Cole Award; National Science Foundation grant EAR-617347; and the John S. Rogers Summer Internship Program at Lewis & Clark College. Owyhee River lidar topographic data were obtained through the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM); acquisition was partially funded by an NCALM seed grant. Funding sources had no role in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of this manuscript; or the decision to submit this work for publication. Dylan Peden and Chris Scheffler provided field assistance. JoJo Mangano and Miranda Wood facilitated stream profile extraction from lidar and USGS topographic quads. The Bureau of Land Management and local landowners granted access and logistical assistance. We thank Oliver Korup and Richard Marston for the time and effort they devoted in helping us improve this manuscript for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 248 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.040 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CS1ZP UT WOS:000361867900018 ER PT J AU Piegay, H Kondolf, GM Minear, JT Vaudor, L AF Piegay, Herve Kondolf, G. Mathias Minear, J. Toby Vaudor, Lise TI Trends in publications in fluvial geomorphology over two decades: A truly new era in the discipline owing to recent technological revolution? SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Review of scientific literature; Scientific intemationalization; Methodology; Trends in publication; Spatial and temporal scales ID RIVERS AB Trends in the field of fluvial geomorphology have been reviewed by a number of authors, who have emphasized the dramatic change occuring in the field in the last two decades of the twentieth century, largely as a result of technological advances. Nevertheless, no prior authors have systematically compiled data on publications in fluvial geomorphology over a long period and statistically analyzed the resulting data set. In this contribution we present a quantitative analysis of fluvial geomorphology papers published in the twenty-two-year period 1987-2009 in five journals of the discipline with a more specific focus on Geomorphology and Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (ESPL), identifying authorships, geographic origin of authors, and spatial and temporal scales covered. We also documented the tools employed, demonstrating the transformation of the field with the emergence of new tools over this period, and conducted a cluster to highlight links between tools and a set of factors (country of author's origin, journals, time, and spatial and temporal scales). Of the 1717 papers published in the five journals during this period, the results showed an increased diversity in the nationality of the first author, mainly when dealing with present time scale, and channel feature. Our data show a significant change in methods used in the field as a result of the increase in data availability and new sources of information from remote sensing (ground, airborne and, satellite). Clearly, a new era in knowledge production is observed since 2000, showing the emergence of a second period of active quantification and an internationalization of the fields. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Piegay, Herve; Vaudor, Lise] Univ Lyon, UMR CNRS EVS 5600, Lyon, France. [Kondolf, G. Mathias] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minear, J. Toby] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Piegay, H (reprint author), Univ Lyon, UMR CNRS EVS 5600, Site ENS, Lyon, France. EM herve.piegay@ens-lyon.fr NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 248 BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.039 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CS1ZP UT WOS:000361867900035 ER PT J AU Bland, MT McKinnon, WB Schenk, PM AF Bland, Michael T. McKinnon, William B. Schenk, Paul M. TI Constraining the heat flux between Enceladus' tiger stripes: Numerical modeling of funiscular plains formation SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Enceladus; Tectonics; Satellites, surfaces; Thermal histories ID SOUTH-POLAR FRACTURES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CASSINI-VIMS; SURFACE; ICE; ORIGIN; WATER; LITHOSPHERE; TOPOGRAPHY; EUROPA AB The Cassini spacecraft's Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) has observed at least 5 GW of thermal emission at Enceladus' south pole. The vast majority of this emission is localized on the four long, parallel, evenly-spaced fractures dubbed tiger stripes. However, the thermal emission from regions between the tiger stripes has not been determined. These spatially localized regions have a unique morphology consisting of short-wavelength (similar to 1 km) ridges and troughs with topographic amplitudes of 100 m, and a generally ropy appearance that has led to them being referred to as "funiscular terrain." Previous analysis pursued the hypothesis that the funiscular terrain formed via thin-skinned folding, analogous to that occurring on a pahoehoe flow top (Barr, A.C., Preuss, L.j. [2010]. Icarus 208, 499-503). Here we use finite element modeling of lithospheric shortening to further explore this hypothesis. Our best-case simulations reproduce funiscular-like morphologies, although our simulated fold wavelengths after 10% shortening are 30% longer than those observed. Reproducing short-wavelength folds requires high effective surface temperatures (similar to 185 K), an ice lithosphere (or high-viscosity layer) with a low thermal conductivity (one-half to one-third that of intact ice or lower), and very high heat fluxes (perhaps as great as 400 mW m(-2)). These conditions are driven by the requirement that the high-viscosity layer remain extremely thin (less than or similar to 200 m). Whereas the required conditions are extreme, they can be met if a layer of fine grained plume material 1-10 m thick, or a highly fractured ice layer >50 m thick insulates the surface, and the lithosphere is fractured throughout as well. The source of the necessary heat flux (a factor of two greater than previous estimates) is less obvious. We also present evidence for an unusual color/ spectral character of the ropy terrain, possibly related to its unique surface texture. Our simulations demonstrate that producing the funiscular ridges via folding remains plausible, but the relatively extreme conditions required to do so leaves their origin open to further investigation. The high heat fluxes required to produce the terrain by folding, which equate to an endogenic blackbody temperature near 50 K, should be observable by future nighttime C1RS observations, if funiscular deformation is occurring today. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bland, Michael T.] USGS, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bland, Michael T.; McKinnon, William B.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bland, Michael T.; McKinnon, William B.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Schenk, Paul M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Bland, MT (reprint author), USGS, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mbland@usgs.gov FU NASA's Cassini Data Analysis Program [NNX11AK76G] FX This work was supported by NASA's Cassini Data Analysis Program Grant #NNX11AK76G. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 260 BP 232 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.07.016 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5YZ UT WOS:000362155500017 ER PT J AU Chu, SG Wang, J Leong, G Woodward, LA Letcher, RJ Li, QX AF Chu, Shaogang Wang, Jun Leong, Gladys Woodward, Lee Ann Letcher, Robert J. Li, Qing X. TI Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and carboxylic acids in liver, muscle and adipose tissues of black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) from Midway Island, North Pacific Ocean SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Perfluoroalkyl acids; Perfluorinated carboxylic acids; Perfluorinated sulfonates; Albatross; Midway Atoll; Great Pacific Garbage Patch ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; GREAT-LAKES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; POLAR BEARS; BALTIC SEA; EGGS; PLASMA; BIOTA; CONTAMINANTS AB The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is a gyre of marine plastic debris in the North Pacific Ocean, and nearby is Midway Atoll which is a focal point for ecological damage. This study investigated 13 C-4-C-15 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), four (C-4, C-6, C-8 and Cm) perfluorinated sulfonates and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate [collectively perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs)] in black-footed albatross tissues (collected in 2011) from Midway Atoll. Of the 18 PFCAs and PFSAs monitored, most were detectable in the liver, muscle and adipose tissues. The concentrations of PFCAs and PFSAs were higher than those in most seabirds from the arctic environment, but lower than those in most of fish-eating water birds collected in the U.S. mainland. The concentrations of the PFAAs in the albatross livers were 7-fold higher than those in Laysan albatross liver samples from the same location reported in 1994. The concentration ranges of PFOS were 22.91-70.48, 3.01-6.59 and 0.53-8.35 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww), respectively, in the liver, muscle and adipose. In the liver samples PFOS was dominant, followed by longer chain PFUdA (8.04-18.70 ng g(-1) ww), PFTrDA, and then PFNA, PFDA and PFDoA. Short chain PFBA, PFPeA, PFBS and PFODA were below limit of quantification. C-8-C-13 PFCAs showed much higher composition compared to those found in other wildlife where PFOS typically predominated. The concentrations of PFUdA in all 8 individual albatross muscle samples were even higher than those of PFOS. This phenomenon may be attributable to GPGP as a pollution source as well as PFAA physicochemical properties. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chu, Shaogang; Letcher, Robert J.] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife & Landscape Sci Directorate, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div,Sci & Technol Bran, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Wang, Jun; Leong, Gladys; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Woodward, Lee Ann] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reefs NWRC, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, 1955 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qingl@hawaii.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities [8G12MD007601] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (8G12MD007601). The samples were collected under the permit of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. HPLC/MS/MS analysis of PFAAs was carried out in the Organic Contaminants Research Laboratory-Letcher Labs at the National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 31 U2 123 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.043 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS0SP UT WOS:000361772800008 PM 26037817 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RA Chapman, A Kofron, CP Meinerz, R Orloff, SB Quinn, N AF Baldwin, Roger A. Chapman, Angela Kofron, Christopher P. Meinerz, Ryan Orloff, Steve B. Quinn, Niamh TI Refinement of a trapping method increases its utility for pocket gopher management SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE California; Gophinator; Modified Macabee; Pocket gopher; Scent; Trap ID THOMOMYS-TALPOIDES; TRAPS; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA AB Trapping is a useful and effective tool for managing detrimental pocket gopher populations, and methods to increase its effectiveness are in high demand. The Gophinator trap previously proved more efficient than the Macabee trap, primarily because of its ability to capture larger pocket gophers. However, the Macabee is still widely used given large stockpiles of these traps by land managers and pest control operators. The addition of a cable restraint to the front of the Macabee may be sufficient to keep larger individuals from escaping capture, thereby allowing trappers to more effectively use this common trap. Human scent may also impact trap success by deterring pocket gophers from entering trap sets. Therefore, we tested the capture efficiency and visitation rate of trap sets when using both Gophinator and modified Macabee traps to determine the potential utility of these trap designs. We compared these results to a previous investigation to better define the potential usefulness of the cable restraint on the Macabee. We also tested the impact of human scent on capture efficiency and visitation rate to determine the potential relevance of eliminating human scent from trap sets. Gender and weight of captured individuals were used to determine their potential impacts on capture efficiency and visitation rate. We found that the Gophinator was a more effective trap than the modified Macabee because of its ability to capture larger pocket gophers more efficiently. However, the modification did appear to increase capture efficiency of larger individuals when compared to the standard Macabee, suggesting that this modification could be used to increase the effectiveness of trapping programs when Gophinator traps are unavailable. Glove use had no impact on capture efficiency or visitation rate. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baldwin, Roger A.; Meinerz, Ryan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chapman, Angela] Calif State Univ Channel Isl, Biol Program, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Kofron, Christopher P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Orloff, Steve B.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. [Quinn, Niamh] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, South Coast Res & Extens Ctr, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. RP Baldwin, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rabaldwin@ucdavis.edu; angela.chapman@csuci.edu; chris_kofron@fws.gov; rmeinerz@ucdavis.edu; sborloff@ucanr.edu; nmquinn@ucanr.edu FU University of California's Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources; University of California's Statewide IPM Program FX We thank numerous landowners for providing access to their property for this study. K. Nicholson and N. Stevens provided valuable field assistance. We engaged in valuable discussion with Rachel Cartwright and Catherine Darst. Funding was provided by the University of California's Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources and the University of California's Statewide IPM Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The authors maintain no financial interest in either trap company, nor maintain any role in marketing these traps. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 77 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2015.08.003 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA CR8CY UT WOS:000361579900021 ER PT J AU Weaver, DM Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J Hogg, RS Canton, M AF Weaver, Daniel M. Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr. Zydlewski, Joseph Hogg, Robert S. Canton, Michael TI Decomposition of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Petromyzon marinus; Sea lamprey; Anadromous; Temperature; Streams; Marine-derived nutrients ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DISSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTION; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SOUTHEAST ALASKA STREAMS; FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENTS; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; SEASONAL-CHANGES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS AB Anadromous fishes serve as vectors of marine-derived nutrients into freshwaters that are incorporated into aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Pacific salmonines Oncorhynchus spp. exemplify the importance of migratory fish as links between marine and freshwater systems; however, little attention has been given to sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) in Atlantic coastal systems. A first step to understanding the role of sea lamprey in freshwater food webs is to characterize the composition and rate of nutrient inputs. We conducted laboratory and field studies characterizing the elemental composition and the decay rates and subsequent water enriching effects of sea lamprey carcasses. Proximate tissue analysis demonstrated lamprey carcass nitrogen:phosphorus ratios of 20.2:1 (+/- 1.18 SE). In the laboratory, carcass decay resulted in liberation of phosphorus within 1 week and nitrogen within 3 weeks. Nutrient liberation was accelerated at higher temperatures. In a natural stream, carcass decomposition resulted in an exponential decline in biomass, and after 24 days, the proportion of initial biomass remaining was 27% (+/- 3.0% SE). We provide quantitative results as to the temporal dynamics of sea lamprey carcass decomposition and subsequent nutrient liberation. These nutrient subsidies may arrive at a critical time to maximize enrichment of stream food webs. C1 [Weaver, Daniel M.; Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hogg, Robert S.] Umatilla Hatchery Monitoring & Evaluat, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Umatilla, OR 97838 USA. [Canton, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Weaver, DM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM daniel.weaver@maine.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of Maine Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology; Hatch Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [ME0-H-6-00508-138367-0H] FX We thank Lara Katz and Neil Greenberg from the University of Maine for the field and laboratory assistance and Bill Halteman for statistical guidance. Hamish Greig and two anonymous reviewers improved earlier versions of this manuscript. Oliver Cox and Richard Dill from the Maine Department of Marine Resources provided technical assistance in collecting fish. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the University of Maine Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology. This work is Maine Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station Publication Number 3408 and is based on research supported in part by Hatch Grant number ME0-H-6-00508-138367-0H from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. This research was performed under University of Maine approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol Number A2011-06-03. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2015 VL 760 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2302-5 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CR7UT UT WOS:000361557700005 ER PT J AU Navratil, T Shanley, J Rohovec, J Oulehle, F Kram, P Matouskova, S Tesaf, M Hojdova, M AF Navratil, Tomas Shanley, Jamie Rohovec, Jan Oulehle, Filip Kram, Pavel Matouskova, Sarka Tesaf, Miroslav Hojdova, Maria TI Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Filtered Hg; Black Triangle; Runoff fluxes; Seasonal changes; DOC quality; Hg/DOC ratio; SUVA ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CENTRAL-EUROPE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FORESTED CATCHMENTS; METHYLMERCURY; SOIL; ACIDIFICATION; SULFUR; POLLUTION AB The Czech Republic was heavily industrialized in the second half of the 20th century but the associated emissions of Hg and S from coal burning were significantly reduced since the 1990s. We studied dissolved (filtered) stream water mercury (Hg) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations at five catchments with contrasting Hg and S deposition histories in the Bohemian part of the Czech Republic. The median filtered Hg concentrations of stream water samples collected in hydrological years 2012 and 2013 from the five sites varied by an order of magnitude from 1.3 to 18.0 ng L-1. The Hg concentrations at individual catchments were strongly correlated with DOC concentrations r from 0.64 to 0.93 and with discharge r from 0.48 to 0.75. Annual export fluxes of filtered Hg from individual catchments ranged from 0.11 to 133 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) and were highest at sites with the highest DOC export fluxes. However, the amount of Hg exported per unit DOC varied widely; the mean Hg/DOC ratio in stream water at the individual sites ranged from 0.28 to 0.90 ng mg(-1). The highest stream Hg/DOC ratios occurred at sites Plunv Bor and Jezefi which both are in the heavily polluted Black Triangle area. Stream Hg/DOC was inversely related to mineral and total soil pool Hg/C across the five sites. We explain this pattern by greater soil Hg retention due to inhibition of soil organic matter decomposition at the sites with low stream Hg/DOC and/or by precipitation of a metacinnabar (HgS) phase. Thus mobilization of Hg into streams from forest soils likely depends on combined effects of organic matter decomposition dynamics and HgS-like phase precipitation, which were both affected by Hg and S deposition histories. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Navratil, Tomas; Rohovec, Jan; Matouskova, Sarka; Hojdova, Maria] CAS, Inst Geol, Vvi, Prague 16500 6, Czech Republic. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Oulehle, Filip; Kram, Pavel] Czech Geol Survey, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. [Tesaf, Miroslav] CAS, Inst Hydrodynam, Vvi, Prague 16612 6, Czech Republic. RP Navratil, T (reprint author), CAS, Inst Geol, Vvi, Rozvojova 269, Prague 16500 6, Czech Republic. EM navratilt@gli.cas.cz RI Navratil, Tomas/C-3181-2008; Oulehle, Filip/E-8616-2011 OI Navratil, Tomas/0000-0002-6213-5336; Oulehle, Filip/0000-0003-3592-461X FU Czech Science Foundation [P210-11-1369]; research plan of the Czech Geological Survey [MZP0002579801]; [RVO67985831] FX The main financial support for this research has been provided by the Czech Science Foundation Project No. P210-11-1369. The long-term research program at Lesni Potok catchment was provided by the institutional project RVO67985831 and the long-term GEOMON network was supported by the research plan of the Czech Geological Survey (MZP0002579801). We are very thankful to Svetlana Hubickova and Irena Dobesova for sample processing and laboratory treatment. We appreciate the hard work of field observers and technicians Oldrich Vaclav Kminek, Jiri Vaclavek, Jan Curik and Vladimir Blaha. The use of trade names is for informational purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 158 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.016 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CR5UW UT WOS:000361410900018 ER PT J AU Lee, B Kullman, S Yost, EE Meyer, MT Worley-Davis, L Williams, CM Reckhow, KH AF Lee, Boknam Kullman, Sethw. Yost, Erin E. Meyer, Michael T. Worley-Davis, Lynn Williams, C. Michael Reckhow, Kenneth H. TI Predicting characteristics of rainfall driven estrogen runoff and transport from swine AFO spray fields SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Estrogen runoff and transport; Bayesian network model; Swine animal feeding operation; Spray fields ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATION; STEROID-HORMONES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SURFACE WATERS; WASTE LAGOON; MODEL; FISH; PHYTOESTROGENS; MANURE AB Animal feeding operations (AFOs) have been implicated as potentially major sources of estrogenic contaminants into the aquatic environment due to the relatively minimal treatment of waste and potential mobilization and transport of waste components from spray fields. In this study a Bayesian network (BN) model was developed to inform management decisions and better predict the transport and fate of natural steroidal estrogens from these sites. The developed BN model integrates processes of surface runoff and sediment loss with the modified universal soil loss equation (MUSLE) and the soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) runoff model. What-if scenario simulations of lagoon slurry wastes to the spray fields were conducted for the most abundant natural estrogen estrone (E1) observed in the system. It was found that E1 attenuated significantly after 2 months following waste slurry application in both spring and summer seasons, with the overall attenuation rate predicted to be higher in the summer compared to the spring. Using simulations of rainfall events in conjunction with waste slurry application rates, it was predicted that the magnitude of E1 runoff loss is significantly higher in the spring as compared to the summer months, primarily due to spray field crop management plans. Our what-if scenario analyses suggest that planting Bermuda grass in the spray fields is likely to reduce runoff losses of natural estrogens near the water bodies and ecosystems, as compared to planting of soybeans. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Boknam; Reckhow, Kenneth H.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kullman, Sethw.; Yost, Erin E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Program Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Worley-Davis, Lynn; Williams, C. Michael] N Carolina State Univ, Prestage Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul, South Korea. EM leeboknam@gmail.com OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [R833420, FP917151] FX This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant (R833420 to SWK) and the Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) graduate fellowship (FP917151 to EY). We wish to thank the swine facility plant manager and crew for their assistance in sample collection and the facility owner/operator for providing access to the field site. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 532 BP 571 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.051 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ0LD UT WOS:000360286500058 PM 26102057 ER PT J AU Godwin, BL Albeke, SE Bergman, HL Walters, A Ben-David, M AF Godwin, B. L. Albeke, S. E. Bergman, H. L. Walters, A. Ben-David, M. TI Density of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in relation to energy development in the Green River Basin, Wyoming SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Conductivity; Contamination; Disturbance; Habitat quality; Hydraulic fracturing; Lontra canadensis; River otters; Salmonids; Sentinel species; Surface water ID POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE LOCI; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; HABITAT SELECTION; LUTRA-LUTRA; POPULATION; ENVIRONMENT; QUALITY; DNA; MUSTELIDS; EXPOSURE AB Exploration and extraction of oil and natural gas have increased in recent years and are expected to expand in the future. Reduction in water quality from energy extraction may negatively affect water supply for agriculture and urban use within catchments as well as down river. We used non-invasive genetic techniques and capture-recapture modeling to estimate the abundance and density of North American river otters (Lontra canadensis), a sentinel species of aquatic ecosystems, in Southwestern Wyoming. While densities in two of three river reaches were similar to those reported in other freshwater systems in the western US (1.45-2.39 km per otter), otters appeared to avoid areas near energy development. We found no strong difference in habitat variables, such as overstory cover, at the site or reach level. Also, fish abundance was similar among the three river reaches. Otter activity in our study area could have been affected by elevated levels of disturbance surrounding the industrial gas fields, and by potential surface water contamination as indicated by patterns in water conductivity. Continued monitoring of surface water quality in Southwestern Wyoming with the aid of continuously recording devices and sentinel species is warranted. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Godwin, B. L.; Bergman, H. L.; Ben-David, M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Godwin, B. L.; Albeke, S. E.; Walters, A.; Ben-David, M.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Albeke, S. E.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geog Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Walters, A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Ben-David, M (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM bendavid@uwyo.edu FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department [SWG X720 Otter]; Department of Zoology and Physiology at the University of Wyoming FX We thank M. Kelly and C. Ward for help in the field. N. Meyer, S. Opitz, C. Rulli, and M. Wood assisted with lab analyses. We express gratitude to A. Senecal and H. Sexauer from Wyoming Game and Fish Department for sharing their data on salmonids. We thank the staff of Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge for assistance in the field. Dr. K. Kruse at the Nevada Genomics Center provided invaluable guidance and suggestions for the genetic work. We thank Drs. R. Hall and E. Hotchkiss for discussions and help with conductivity analyses. We appreciate the assistance we received with randomForest modeling from M. Hayes and bootstrap analyses from Dr. M. Talluto. J. Rader helped with graphics and Dr. M. Carling provided access to his lab. We thank Dr. David Harper from the US Geological Survey for insightful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Logistical support was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge. Funding for the project was provided by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department (SWG X720 Otter) and the Department of Zoology and Physiology at the University of Wyoming. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 532 BP 780 EP 790 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.058 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ0LD UT WOS:000360286500078 PM 26125409 ER PT J AU Jung, HS Lu, Z Shepherd, A Wright, T AF Jung, Hyung-Sup Lu, Zhong Shepherd, Andrew Wright, Tim TI Simulation of the SuperSAR Multi-Azimuth Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging System for Precise Measurement of Three-Dimensional Earth Surface Displacement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR); multiple-aperture interferometry (MAI); squint SAR; SuperSAR ID SAR INTERFEROMETRY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; KILAUEA VOLCANO; MOTION MAPS; DEFORMATION; INSAR; LANDSLIDE; SUBSIDENCE; STACKING; ERUPTION AB The SuperSAR imaging system, a novel multiazimuth synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system capable of detecting Earth surface deformation in three dimensions from a single satellite platform, has recently been proposed. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of detecting precise 3-D surface displacement measurements with the SuperSAR imaging system using a point target simulation. From this simulation, we establish both a relationship between the interferometric SAR phase and the across-track displacement and a relationship between the multiple-aperture interferometry phase and the along-track displacement based on the SuperSAR imaging geometry. The theoretical uncertainties of the SuperSAR measurement are analyzed in the across-and along-track directions, and the theoretical accuracy of the 3-D displacement measurement from the SuperSAR system is also investigated according to both the decorrelation and the squint and look angles. In the case that the interferometric coherence is about 0.8 and that five effective looks are employed, the theoretical 2-D measurement precision values are about 3.67 and 6.35 mm in the across- and along-track directions, respectively, and the theoretical 3-D measurement precision values for 3-D displacement are about 4.05, 4.56, and 3.45 mm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. The result of this study demonstrates that the SuperSAR imaging system is capable of measuring the 3-D surface displacement in all directions with subcentimeter precision. C1 [Jung, Hyung-Sup] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Shepherd, Andrew; Wright, Tim] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Jung, HS (reprint author), Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea. EM hsjung@uos.ac.kr OI Jung, Hyung-Sup/0000-0003-2335-8438; Wright, Tim/0000-0001-8338-5935 FU "Development of Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Ground Segment" program - National Meteorological Satellite Centre of the Korea Meteorological Administration [NMSC-2014-01]; Space Core Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2012M1A3A3A02033465] FX Manuscript received June 19, 2014; revised January 12, 2015 and April 10, 2015; accepted May 2, 2015. This work was supported in part by the "Development of Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Ground Segment" (NMSC-2014-01) program funded by the National Meteorological Satellite Centre of the Korea Meteorological Administration and in part by the Space Core Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology under Grant 2012M1A3A3A02033465. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 11 BP 6196 EP 6206 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2435776 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CP0BP UT WOS:000359541100030 ER PT J AU Berry, KH Mack, JS Weigand, JF Gowan, TA LaBerteaux, D AF Berry, Kristin H. Mack, Jeremy S. Weigand, James F. Gowan, Timothy A. LaBerteaux, Denise TI Bidirectional recovery patterns of Mojave Desert vegetation in an aqueduct pipeline corridor after 36 years: II. Annual plants SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Mojave Desert; Recovery; Annual plants; Perennial shrubs; Disturbance; Exotic annual plants ID COMMUNITIES; SUCCESSION; ALIEN; PRODUCTIVITY; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; SHRUBS; KUWAIT; SITES; AREA AB We studied recovery of winter annual plants in a 97-m wide disturbed aqueduct corridor in the Mojave Desert 36 years after construction. We established plots at 0, 20, and 40 m from the road verge at the corridor center and at 100 m in undisturbed vegetation. We recorded 47 annual species, of which 41 were native and six were exotic. Exotic species composed from 64 to 91% of total biomass. We describe a bilateral process of recovery: from the road verge to the outward edge of the corridor and from undisturbed habitat into the corridor. Native annual plants significantly increased in richness from road verge to undisturbed vegetation, but not in density, biomass, or cover. In contrast, exotic annual plants increased in density, biomass, cover and richness with increasing distance from the road verge. The species of colonizing shrubs and type of canopy cover affected density, biomass, and richness of annuals. Species composition of native annuals differed significantly by distance, suggesting secondary succession. In general, native annuals were closer to achieving recovery on the 40-m plots than at the road verge. Recovery estimates were in centuries and dependent on location, canopy type, and whether considering all annuals or natives only. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Berry, Kristin H.; Mack, Jeremy S.; Gowan, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Weigand, James F.] US Bur Land Management, Calif State Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [LaBerteaux, Denise] EREMICO Biol Serv, Weldon, CA 93283 USA. RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 21803 Cactus Ave,Suite F, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov FU Department of the Interior, Geological Survey and BLM; Off Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division of the California Department of Parks and Recreation FX We thank Wesley Chambers for assistance in providing historical documents on land uses in the region; Burgess Kay provided photographs and negatives of the second Los Angeles aqueduct and original copies of his work. Dominic P. Oldershaw repeated Burgess Kay's photographs, helping to locate appropriate study sites. Julie Yee, Matthew Brooks, Lesley DeFalco, and Karen Phillips provided constructive reviews. Susan Moore and Denis Kearns assisted in the field. The Department of the Interior, Geological Survey and BLM, and Off Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division of the California Department of Parks and Recreation funded this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 122 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.06.016 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO4ZS UT WOS:000359170000016 ER PT J AU Roberts, K Defforey, D Turner, BL Condron, LM Peek, S Silva, S Kendall, C Paytan, A AF Roberts, Kathryn Defforey, Delphine Turner, Benjamin L. Condron, Leo M. Peek, Sara Silva, Steve Kendall, Carol Paytan, Adina TI Oxygen isotopes of phosphate and soil phosphorus cycling across a 6500 year chronosequence under lowland temperate rainforest SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2013 Ecological Significance of Soil Organic Phosphorus Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2013 CL Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, PANAMA HO Smithsonian Trop Res Inst DE Phosphorus; Oxygen isotopes of phosphate; Soil phosphorus cycling; Hedley phosphorus fractionation ID COASTAL DUNE CHRONOSEQUENCE; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; NEW-ZEALAND; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; TROPICAL FOREST; STABLE-ISOTOPE; PRECISE METHOD; PASTURE SOILS; WATER; PEDOGENESIS AB Phosphorus (P) availability declines during ecosystem development due in part to chemical transformations of P in the soil. Here we report changes in soil P pools and the oxygen isotopic signature of inorganic phosphate (delta O-18(p)) in these pools over a 6500-year soil coastal dune chronosequence in a temperate humid environment. Total P declined from 384 to 129 mg P kg(-1) during the first few hundred years of pedogenesis, due mainly to the depletion of primary mineral Pin the HCl-extractable pool. The delta O-18(p) of HCl-extractable inorganic P initially reflected the signature of the parent material, but shifted over time towards (but not reaching) isotopic equilibrium. In contrast, delta O-18(p) signatures of inorganic P extracted in water and NaHCO3 (approximately 9 and 39 mg P kg(-1), respectively) were variable but consistent with isotopic equilibrium with soil water. In the NaOH-extractable P pool, which doubled from 63 to 128 mg P kg(-1) in the early stages of pedogenesis and then gradually declined, the delta O-18(p) of the extracted inorganic P changed from equilibrium values early in the chronosequence to more depleted signatures in older soils, indicating greater rates of hydrolysis of labile organic P compounds such as DNA and increase involvement in P cycling as overall P availability declines through the sequence. In summary, this application of delta O-18(p) to a long-term soil chronosequence provides novel insight into P dynamics, indicating the importance of efficient recycling through tight uptake and mineralization in maintaining a stable bioavailable P pool during long-term ecosystem development. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roberts, Kathryn; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Defforey, Delphine; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Turner, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Condron, Leo M.] Lincoln Univ, Agr & Life Sci, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand. [Peek, Sara; Silva, Steve; Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Paytan, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM apaytan@ucsc.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 FU NSF [DEB 1019467] FX Funding was provided by NSF Grant DEB 1019467 to A Paytan. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2015 VL 257 SI SI BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.010 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA CM0GD UT WOS:000357355500003 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Torgersen, CE Lawler, JJ Faux, RN Steel, EA Beechie, TJ Ebersole, JL Leibowitz, SG AF Fullerton, Aimee H. Torgersen, Christian E. Lawler, Joshua J. Faux, Russell N. Steel, E. Ashley Beechie, Timothy J. Ebersole, Joseph L. Leibowitz, Scott G. TI Rethinking the longitudinal stream temperature paradigm: region-wide comparison of thermal infrared imagery reveals unexpected complexity of river temperatures SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE water temperature; remote sensing; longitudinal profile; spatial pattern ID WATER TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HEADWATER STREAMS; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; OREGON; DYNAMICS; SALMON; VARIABILITY AB Prevailing theory suggests that stream temperature warms asymptotically in a downstream direction, beginning at the temperature of the source in the headwaters and levelling off downstream as it converges to match meteorological conditions. However, there have been few empirical examples of longitudinal patterns of temperature in large rivers due to a paucity of data. We constructed longitudinal thermal profiles (temperature vs distance) for 53 rivers in the Pacific Northwest (USA) using an extensive data set of remotely sensed summertime river temperatures and classified each profile into one of five patterns of downstream warming: asymptotic (increasing then flattening), linear (increasing steadily), uniform (not changing), parabolic (increasing then decreasing), or complex (not fitting other classes). We evaluated (1) how frequently profiles warmed asymptotically downstream as expected, and (2) whether relationships between river temperature and common hydroclimatic variables differed by profile class. We found considerable diversity in profile shape, with 47% of rivers warming asymptotically and 53% having alternative profile shapes. Water temperature did not warm substantially over the course of the river for coastal parabolic and uniform profiles, and for some linear and complex profiles. Profile classes showed no clear geographical trends. The degree of correlation between river temperature and hydroclimatic variables differed among profile classes, but there was overlap among classes. Water temperature in rivers with asymptotic or parabolic profiles was positively correlated with August air temperature, tributary temperature and velocity, and negatively correlated with elevation, August precipitation, gradient and distance upstream. Conversely, associations were less apparent in rivers with linear, uniform or complex profiles. Factors contributing to the unique shape of parabolic profiles differed for coastal and inland rivers, where downstream cooling was influenced locally by climate or cool water inputs, respectively. Potential drivers of shape for complex profiles were specific to each river. These thermal patterns indicate diverse thermal habitats that may promote resilience of aquatic biota to climate change. Without this spatial context, climate change models may incorrectly estimate loss of thermally suitable habitat. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fullerton, Aimee H.; Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fullerton, Aimee H.; Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Faux, Russell N.] Quantum Spatial Inc, Corvallis, OR USA. [Steel, E. Ashley] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Ebersole, Joseph L.; Leibowitz, Scott G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM aimee.fullerton@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Advanced Studies Program FX Individual river temperature surveys and image processing were conducted by R. Faux, Watershed Sciences Inc., except for rivers in the Salmon and Clearwater basins in Idaho, the data for which were provided by D. Essig of the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. We are grateful to the many local, state, federal, tribal and nongovernmental organizations that funded the collection of these data for water quality monitoring and assessment. A.H.F. was supported by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the NOAA Advanced Studies Program. We thank P.M. Kiffney, N.J. Mantua, S.G. Smith and three anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions and reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript, and B.J. Burke for statistical advice. The information in this document has been subjected to peer and administrative review and is approved for publication by NOAA, USGS, EPA and USFS. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 22 BP 4719 EP 4737 DI 10.1002/hyp.10506 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CU1JN UT WOS:000363277400005 ER PT J AU Jackson, ST AF Jackson, Stephen T. TI Going where the science matters SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Geosci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Jackson, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM SciCareerEditor@aaas.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 30 PY 2015 VL 350 IS 6260 BP 594 EP 594 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU6RG UT WOS:000363660000051 PM 26516284 ER PT J AU D'Aloia, CC Azodi, CB Sheldon, SP Trombulak, SC Ardren, WR AF D'Aloia, Cassidy C. Azodi, Christina B. Sheldon, Sallie P. Trombulak, Stephen C. Ardren, William R. TI Genetic models reveal historical patterns of sea lamprey population fluctuations within Lake Champlain SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Petromyzon marinus; Lamprey; Lake Champlain; Demography; Coalescent ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ALLELE FREQUENCY; ONTARIO; EXPANSION; SEQUENCE; COLONIZATION; INVASION; PROVIDE; FISHES AB The origin of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Champlain has been heavily debated over the past decade. Given the lack of historical documentation, two competing hypotheses have emerged in the literature. First, it has been argued that the relatively recent population size increase and concomitant rise in wounding rates on prey populations are indicative of an invasive population that entered the lake through the Champlain Canal. Second, recent genetic evidence suggests a post-glacial colonization at the end of the Pleistocene, approximately 11,000 years ago. One limitation to resolving the origin of sea lamprey in Lake Champlain is a lack of historical and current measures of population size. In this study, the issue of population size was explicitly addressed using nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers to estimate historical demography with genetic models. Haplotype network analysis, mismatch analysis, and summary statistics based on mtDNA noncoding sequences for NCI (479 bp) and NCII (173 bp) all indicate a recent population expansion. Coalescent models based on mtDNA and nDNA identified two potential demographic events: a population decline followed by a very recent population expansion. The decline in effective population size may correlate with land-use and fishing pressure changes post-European settlement, while the recent expansion may be associated with the implementation of the salmonid stocking program in the 1970s. These results are most consistent with the hypothesis that sea lamprey are native to Lake Champlain; however, the credibility intervals around parameter estimates demonstrate that there is uncertainty regarding the magnitude and timing of past demographic events. C1 [D'Aloia, Cassidy C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [D'Aloia, Cassidy C.; Sheldon, Sallie P.; Trombulak, Stephen C.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Azodi, Christina B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Azodi, Christina B.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Trombulak, Stephen C.] Middlebury Coll, Environm Studies Program, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Essex Jct, VT USA. RP D'Aloia, CC (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM cassidy.daloia@gmail.com FU Middlebury College SeniorWork Fund; Lake Champlain Research Consortium FX This project was funded by the Middlebury College SeniorWork Fund and two student research grants from the Lake Champlain Research Consortium. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 18 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD OCT 29 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e1369 DI 10.7717/peerj.1369 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX6HN UT WOS:000365801900006 PM 26539334 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Grosse, G Arp, CD Miller, E Liu, L Hayes, DJ Larsen, CF AF Jones, Benjamin M. Grosse, Guido Arp, Christopher D. Miller, Eric Liu, Lin Hayes, Daniel J. Larsen, Christopher F. TI Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; CARBON BALANCE; BURN SEVERITY; VULNERABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; WILDFIRE AB Fire-induced permafrost degradation is well documented in boreal forests, but the role of fires in initiating thermokarst development in Arctic tundra is less well understood. Here we show that Arctic tundra fires may induce widespread thaw subsidence of permafrost terrain in the first seven years following the disturbance. Quantitative analysis of airborne LiDAR data acquired two and seven years post-fire, detected permafrost thaw subsidence across 34% of the burned tundra area studied, compared to less than 1% in similar undisturbed, ice-rich tundra terrain units. The variability in thermokarst development appears to be influenced by the interaction of tundra fire burn severity and near-surface, ground-ice content. Subsidence was greatest in severely burned, ice-rich upland terrain (yedoma), accounting for -50% of the detected subsidence, despite representing only 30% of the fire disturbed study area. Microtopography increased by 340% in this terrain unit as a result of ice wedge degradation. Increases in the frequency, magnitude, and severity of tundra fires will contribute to future thermokarst development and associated landscape change in Arctic tundra regions. C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Grosse, Guido] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Miller, Eric] Bur Land Management Alaska Fire Serv, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. [Liu, Lin] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Earth Syst Sci Programme, Fac Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Hayes, Daniel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Larsen, Christopher F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjones@usgs.gov RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 FU USGS Land Remote Sensing program; Land Change Science program; Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank the USGS Land Remote Sensing program for providing funding for acquisition of the 2014 LiDAR dataset and the USGS Rolla, Missouri Office for working with the vendor on the acquisition of the data. This work was primarily supported by the USGS Land Remote Sensing and Land Change Science programs. Additional support was provided by the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Thanks to Kodiak Mapping, Inc. for providing the 2009 LiDAR. Thanks to Crystal Kolden for sharing the Landsat-derived dNBR data. Thanks to Joseph Wheaton and Philip Bailey for assistance with the Geomorphic Change Detection software. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 45 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 29 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 15865 DI 10.1038/srep15865 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU6DQ UT WOS:000363622200004 PM 26511650 ER PT J AU McNamara, DE Hayes, GP Benz, HM Williams, RA McMahon, ND Aster, RC Holland, A Sickbert, T Herrmann, R Briggs, R Smoczyk, G Bergman, E Earle, P AF McNamara, D. E. Hayes, G. P. Benz, H. M. Williams, R. A. McMahon, N. D. Aster, R. C. Holland, A. Sickbert, T. Herrmann, R. Briggs, R. Smoczyk, G. Bergman, E. Earle, P. TI Reactivated faulting near Cushing, Oklahoma: Increased potential for a triggered earthquake in an area of United States strategic infrastructure SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER INJECTION; SEQUENCE; SEISMICITY AB In October 2014 two moderate-sized earthquakes (Mw 4.0 and 4.3) struck south of Cushing, Oklahoma, below the largest crude oil storage facility in the world. Combined analysis of the spatial distribution of earthquakes and regional moment tensor focal mechanisms indicate reactivation of a subsurface unnamed and unmapped left-lateral strike-slip fault. Coulomb failure stress change calculations using the relocated seismicity and slip distribution determined from regional moment tensors, allow for the possibility that the Wilzetta-Whitetail fault zone south of Cushing, Oklahoma, could produce a large, damaging earthquake comparable to the 2011 Prague event. Resultant very strong shaking levels (MMI VII) in the epicentral region present the possibility of this potential earthquake causing moderate to heavy damage to national strategic infrastructure and local communities. C1 [McNamara, D. E.; Hayes, G. P.; Benz, H. M.; Williams, R. A.; Briggs, R.; Smoczyk, G.; Earle, P.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McMahon, N. D.; Aster, R. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Holland, A.] USGS, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Sickbert, T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Boone Pickens Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Herrmann, R.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Bergman, E.] Global Seismol Serv, Golden, CO USA. RP McNamara, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mcnamara@usgs.gov RI Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013; OI Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906; McMahon, Nicole/0000-0003-0308-3705; Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU United States Geological Survey's National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program; National Science Foundation [EAR-1261681]; DOE National Nuclear Security Administration FX This research was supported by the United States Geological Survey's National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. Source parameters determined in this study contribute to improving the understanding of earthquake hazard in Oklahoma and are available to research scientists and engineers from the USGS COMCAT system (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/). All waveform data used in this study, from both portable and permanent seismic stations, are archived and available for download from the IRIS Data Management Center. Earthquake hypocenter uncertainty was significantly reduced due to the high density of portable seismic stations. The RMTs benefited from high-quality broadband data recorded at permanent stations in the ANSS RSNs, Backbone, and Earthscope TA seismic networks. Software used in this study includes GMT and ArcMap to generate maps [Wessel and Smith, 2012], SAC for data analysis and time series plots and MAPSEIS/ZMAP for earthquake FMD and Omori's law calculations [Wiemer, 2011 ]. All other analysis software was written by the authors. The authors greatly appreciate the hard work of people that responded to the evolving Cushing earthquake sequence. USGS field crews included Jim Allen and Dave Worley. Thanks to Steve Ploetz and Dave Wilson (USGS) for additional seismograph installation. Tim Sickbert, Oklahoma State University staff who installed Netquakes systems at the Cushing airport and at one other location. Local hosts of portable seismographs are appreciated. We would also like to thank staff at IRIS PASSCAL and the Oklahoma Geological Survey for material and logistical support. The facilities of the IRIS Consortium are supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681 and the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration. D. Ketchum provided easy access to waveform and metadata. We thank the NEIC duty seismologists for single-event locations and phase picks, and N. Vance, and J. McCarthy, and E. Myers for editorial reviews and J. Dewey and D. Wald for discussions on shaking intensity. We thank Esri, i-cubed, and GeoEye for the basemap imagery, and the Oklahoma Corporation Commission for their help in obtaining well information and input to this effort. R. Gold provided valuable comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 20 BP 8328 EP 8332 DI 10.1002/2015GL064669 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CW1WL UT WOS:000364782500009 ER PT J AU Lin, GQ Amelung, F Shearer, PM Okubo, PG AF Lin, Guoqing Amelung, Falk Shearer, Peter M. Okubo, Paul G. TI Location and size of the shallow magma reservoir beneath Klauea caldera, constraints from near-source V-p/V-s ratios SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Kilauea; magma reservoir; Vp; Vs ID SATURATED CRACKED SOLIDS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; HAWAIIAN VOLCANOS; CONTINUOUS GPS; EARTHQUAKE; ATTENUATION; CALIFORNIA AB We present high-resolution compressional wave to shear wave velocity ratios (V-p/V-s) beneath Klauea's summit caldera by applying an in situ estimation method using waveform cross-correlation data for three similar earthquake clusters. We observe high V-p/V-s ratios (1.832 and 1.852) for two event clusters surrounded by the low background V-p/V-s value of 1.412 at similar to 2.1km depth below the surface. These high and low V-p/V-s ratios can be explained by melt- and CO2-filled cracks, respectively, based on a theoretical crack model. The event cluster with the highest V-p/V-s ratio consists of long-period events that followed the 1997 East Rift Zone eruption, indicating their association with fluid and magma movement. The depths of the two clusters with high V-p/V-s ratios are consistent with the magma reservoir location inferred from geodetic observations. Their locations east and north of Halemaumau crater suggest a horizontal extent of a few kilometers for the reservoir. C1 [Lin, Guoqing; Amelung, Falk] Univ Miami, Dept Marine Geosci, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Shearer, Peter M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Okubo, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Pk, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI USA. RP Lin, GQ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Marine Geosci, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM glin@rsmas.miami.edu RI Shearer, Peter/K-5247-2012 OI Shearer, Peter/0000-0002-2992-7630 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1246935] FX Seismic data used in this study were obtained and originate from the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Previous velocity model, location catalog, and waveform data were collected from published studies listed in the references. We thank the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for maintaining the seismic network and making the data available. We are grateful to Phil Dawson and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and detailed comments. Plots were made using the public domain GMT software [Wessel and Smith, 1991] and MATLAB. Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-1246935. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 20 BP 8349 EP 8357 DI 10.1002/2015GL065802 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CW1WL UT WOS:000364782500012 ER PT J AU Zurek, J Williams-Jones, G Trusdell, F Martin, S AF Zurek, Jeffrey Williams-Jones, Glyn Trusdell, Frank Martin, Simon TI The origin of Mauna Loa's Nnole Hills: Evidence of rift zone reorganization SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE volcanology; gravity; Mauna Loa; geophysics ID HAWAIIAN VOLCANOS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; DRILL HOLE; EMPLACEMENT; HISTORY; TSUNAMI; BASALT; FIELDS; GROWTH AB In order to identify the origin of Mauna Loa volcano's Nnole Hills, Bouguer gravity was used to delineate density contrasts within the edifice. Our survey identified two residual anomalies beneath the Southwest Rift Zone (SWRZ) and the Nnole Hills. The Nnole Hills anomaly is elongated, striking northeast, and in inversions both anomalies merge at approximately -7 km above sea level. The positive anomaly, modeled as a rock volume of similar to 1200 km(3) beneath the Nnole Hills, is associated with old eruptive vents. Based on the geologic and geophysical data, we propose that the gravity anomaly under the Nnole Hills records an early SWRZ orientation, now abandoned due to geologically rapid rift-zone reorganization. Catastrophic submarine landslides from Mauna Loa's western flank are the most likely cause for the concurrent abandonment of the Nnole Hills section of the SWRZ. Rift zone reorganization induced by mass wasting is likely more common than currently recognized. C1 [Zurek, Jeffrey; Williams-Jones, Glyn] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Trusdell, Frank] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [Martin, Simon] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Zurek, J (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM jmz3@sfu.ca RI Williams-Jones, Glyn/A-9807-2008; OI Williams-Jones, Glyn/0000-0001-9862-5444; Zurek, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0814-0855 FU NSERC; Hawaiian Volcano Observatory FX This study was supported by a NSERC Discovery grant to G. Williams-Jones. Mahalo to Lis Gallant for help with data collection and to Mike Poland for facilitating GPS acquisition. Additional thanks to Peter Lipman, Stefanie Hautmann, and Mike Poland for their constructive reviews. This study would not have been possible without the support from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 20 BP 8358 EP 8366 DI 10.1002/2015GL065863 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CW1WL UT WOS:000364782500013 ER PT J AU Turk, D Yates, KK Vega-Rodriguez, M Toro-Farmer, G L'Esperance, C Melo, N Ramsewak, D Dowd, M Estrada, SC Muller-Karger, FE Herwitz, SR McGillis, WR AF Turk, D. Yates, K. K. Vega-Rodriguez, M. Toro-Farmer, G. L'Esperance, C. Melo, N. Ramsewak, D. Dowd, M. Cerdeira Estrada, S. Muller-Karger, F. E. Herwitz, S. R. McGillis, W. R. TI Community metabolism in shallow coral reef and seagrass ecosystems, lower Florida Keys SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Coral reef; Seagrass; Production; Calcification; Florida Keys ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PH MEASUREMENTS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARRIER-REEF; CALCIFICATION; SEAWATER; FLAT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Diurnal variation of net community production (NEP) and net community calcification (NEC) were measured in coral reef and seagrass biomes during October 2012 in the lower Florida Keys using a mesocosm enclosure and the oxygen gradient flux technique. Seagrass and coral reef sites showed diurnal variations of NEP and NEC, with positive values at near-seafloor light levels > 100-300 mu Einstein m(-2) s(-1). During daylight hours, we detected an average NEP of 12.3 and 8.6 mmol O-2 m(-2) h(-1) at the seagrass and coral reef site, respectively. At night, NEP at the seagrass site was relatively constant, while on the coral reef, net respiration was highest immediately after dusk and decreased during the rest of the night. At the seagrass site, NEC values ranged from 0.20 g CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1) during daylight to -0.15 g CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1) at night, and from 0.17 to -0.10 g CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1) at the coral reef site. There were no significant differences in pH and aragonite saturation states (Omega(ar)) between the seagrass and coral reef sites. Decrease in light levels during thunderstorms significantly decreased NEP, transforming the system from net autotrophic to net heterotrophic. C1 [Turk, D.; L'Esperance, C.; Dowd, M.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Turk, D.; McGillis, W. R.] Columbia Univ, LDEO, New York, NY 10964 USA. [Yates, K. K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Vega-Rodriguez, M.; Toro-Farmer, G.; Muller-Karger, F. E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Melo, N.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Melo, N.] NOAA, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ramsewak, D.] Univ Trinidad & Tobago, Marine Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Cerdeira Estrada, S.] Natl Commiss Knowledge & Use Biodivers CONABIO, Mexico City 14010, DF, Mexico. [Herwitz, S. R.] UAV Collaborat, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Turk, D (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. EM daniela.turk@dal.ca FU NASA grant - NASA's Airborne Science program for UAS Enabled Earth Science Program [NNH10ZDA001NRA-UAS]; Coastal and Marine Geology Program of U.S. Geological Survey; Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Ocean Science and Technology FX This work was possible through collaboration between the University of South Florida, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Dalhousie University, Columbia University, NOAA, NASA, and the Institute of Marine Affairs in Trinidad and Tobago. Field work was supported by NASA grant NNH10ZDA001NRA-UAS ('High Resolution Assessment of Carbon Dynamics in Seagrass and Coral Reef Biomes') funded by NASA's Airborne Science program for UAS Enabled Earth Science Program, and by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank research technician Nathan Smiley and dive safety officer, Marc Blouin, from the USGS, and Captain Joe Bailey, and staff of the dive boat 'Playmate'. D.T. and C.L'E. were funded by the Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Ocean Science and Technology. This is LDEO contribution 7909. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only, and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 538 BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.3354/meps11385 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CV2MI UT WOS:000364090400004 ER PT J AU Fortini, LB Vorsino, AE Amidon, FA Paxton, EH Jacobi, JD AF Fortini, Lucas B. Vorsino, Adam E. Amidon, Fred A. Paxton, Eben H. Jacobi, James D. TI Large-Scale Range Collapse of Hawaiian Forest Birds under Climate Change and the Need 21st Century Conservation Options SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HIGH-ELEVATION SITES; AVIAN MALARIA; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; POPULATION-GENETICS; MOSQUITO VECTORS; OAHU-ELEPAIO; RAIN-FOREST; LAVA FLOWS; HABITAT AB Hawaiian forest birds serve as an ideal group to explore the extent of climate change impacts on at-risk species. Avian malaria constrains many remaining Hawaiian forest bird species to high elevations where temperatures are too cool for malaria's life cycle and its principal mosquito vector. The impact of climate change on Hawaiian forest birds has been a recent focus of Hawaiian conservation biology, and has centered on the links between climate and avian malaria. To elucidate the differential impacts of projected climate shifts on species with known varying niches, disease resistance and tolerance, we use a comprehensive database of species sightings, regional climate projections and ensemble distribution models to project distribution shifts for all Hawaiian forest bird species. We illustrate that, under a likely scenario of continued disease-driven distribution limitation, all 10 species with highly reliable models (mostly narrow-ranged, single-island endemics) are expected to lose > 50% of their range by 2100. Of those, three are expected to lose all range and three others are expected to lose > 90% of their range. Projected range loss was smaller for several of the more widespread species; however improved data and models are necessary to refine future projections. Like other at-risk species, Hawaiian forest birds have specific habitat requirements that limit the possibility of range expansion for most species, as projected expansion is frequently in areas where forest habitat is presently not available (such as recent lava flows). Given the large projected range losses for all species, protecting high elevation forest alone is not an adequate long-term strategy for many species under climate change. We describe the types of additional conservation actions practitioners will likely need to consider, while providing results to help with such considerations. C1 [Fortini, Lucas B.; Paxton, Eben H.; Jacobi, James D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Fortini, Lucas B.] Pacific Isl Climate Change Cooperat, Honolulu, HI USA. [Vorsino, Adam E.; Amidon, Fred A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Strateg Habitat Conservat Div, Pacific Isl Off, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Fortini, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM lfortini@usgs.gov OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 FU U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative; U.S. FWS Ecological Services FX We are grateful for the support of the U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, the Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, and the U.S. FWS Ecological Services that volunteered significant effort and resources to make this project possible. The expert-derived maps of current distribution for all Hawaiian forest birds were compiled by Marcos Gorresen. Information on bird surveys was provided by Rick Camp, manager of the Hawaii Forest Bird Interagency Database. We thank Eric VanderWerf for additional recently collected forest bird survey data. We thank Ian Caldwell for his help in organizing and documenting the R scripts. We thank the comments and suggestions by Rick Camp, Jeff Burgett, Loyal Mehrhoff, Steve Miller and our anonymous journal reviewers. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0140389 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140389 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV0DL UT WOS:000363918100030 PM 26509270 ER PT J AU Quattrin, AM Nizinski, MS Chaytor, JD Demopoulos, AWJ Roark, EB France, SC Moore, JA Heyl, T Auster, PJ Kinlan, B Ruppel, C Elliott, KP Kennedy, BRC Lobecker, E Skarke, A Shank, TM AF Quattrin, Andrea M. Nizinski, Martha S. Chaytor, Jason D. Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Roark, E. Brendan France, Scott C. Moore, Jon A. Heyl, Taylor Auster, Peter J. Kinlan, Brian Ruppel, Carolyn Elliott, Kelley P. Kennedy, Brian R. C. Lobecker, Elizabeth Skarke, Adam Shank, Timothy M. TI Exploration of the Canyon-Incised Continental Margin of the Northeastern United States Reveals Dynamic Habitats and Diverse Communities SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CORAL LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; DEEP-WATER CORALS; HUDSON SUBMARINE-CANYON; FOOD-SUPPLY MECHANISMS; SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; NEW-ENGLAND; NORTH-ATLANTIC; COLD SEEPS; BOTTOM CURRENTS AB The continental margin off the northeastern United States (NEUS) contains numerous, topographically complex features that increase habitat heterogeneity across the region. However, the majority of these rugged features have never been surveyed, particularly using direct observations. During summer 2013, 31 Remotely-Operated Vehicle (ROV) dives were conducted from 494 to 3271 m depth across a variety of seafloor features to document communities and to infer geological processes that produced such features. The ROV surveyed six broad-scale habitat features, consisting of shelf-breaching canyons, slope-sourced canyons, inter-canyon areas, open-slope/landslide-scar areas, hydrocarbon seeps, and Mytilus Seamount. Four previously unknown chemosynthetic communities dominated by Bathymodiolus mussels were documented. Seafloor methane hydrate was observed at two seep sites. Multivariate analyses indicated that depth and broad-scale habitat significantly influenced megafaunal coral (58 taxa), demersal fish (69 taxa), and decapod crustacean (34 taxa) assemblages. Species richness of fishes and crustaceans significantly declined with depth, while there was no relationship between coral richness and depth. Turnover in assemblage structure occurred on the middle to lower slope at the approximate boundaries of water masses found previously in the region. Coral species richness was also an important variable explaining variation in fish and crustacean assemblages. Coral diversity may serve as an indicator of habitat suitability and variation in available niche diversity for these taxonomic groups. Our surveys added 24 putative coral species and three fishes to the known regional fauna, including the black coral Telopathes magna, the octocoral Metallogorgia melanotrichos and the fishes Gaidropsarus argentatus, Guttigadus latifrons, and Lepidion guentheri. Marine litter was observed on 81% of the dives, with at least 12 coral colonies entangled in debris. While initial exploration revealed the NEUS region to be both geologically dynamic and biologically diverse, further research into the abiotic conditions and the biotic interactions that influence species abundance and distribution is needed. C1 [Quattrin, Andrea M.] US Geol Survey, Contracted Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Cherokee Nations Technol Solut, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Nizinski, Martha S.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Syst Lab, NMFS, NOAA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Chaytor, Jason D.; Ruppel, Carolyn] USGS Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Roark, E. Brendan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA. [France, Scott C.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Moore, Jon A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Wilkes Honors Coll, Jupiter, FL USA. [Moore, Jon A.] FAU, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Heyl, Taylor; Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Northest Undersea Res Technol & Educ Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Myst Aquarium, Sea Res Fdn, Mystic, CT USA. [Kinlan, Brian] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Elliott, Kelley P.] NOAA Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kennedy, Brian R. C.] NOAA Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. [Lobecker, Elizabeth] Contracted NOAA Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Earth Resources Technol Corp, Durham, NH USA. [Skarke, Adam] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Quattrin, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Contracted Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Cherokee Nations Technol Solut, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM aquattrini@usgs.gov OI Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677; Moore, Jon/0000-0002-0053-3347; Skarke, Adam/0000-0002-3843-5152; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; NOAA's Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program, Northeast Initiative; USGS Terrestrial, Marine, and Freshwater Environments-Outer Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program FX Funding for the ship and ROV time was provided by NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research with support from NOAA's Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program, Northeast Initiative. NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration guided the general operating area and data collection for the expedition, but specific dive sites and transects were proposed by the science community. The funders had no role in study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or the decision to publish. Funding was provided to AWJD by the USGS Terrestrial, Marine, and Freshwater Environments-Outer Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program. NR 131 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0139904 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0139904 PG 32 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV0DL UT WOS:000363918100016 PM 26509818 ER PT J AU Inskeep, WP Jay, ZJ Macur, RE Clingenpeel, S Tenney, A Lovalvo, D Beam, JP Kozubal, MA Shanks, WC Morgan, LA Kan, JJ Gorby, Y Yooseph, SB Nealson, K AF Inskeep, William P. Jay, Zackary J. Macur, Richard E. Clingenpeel, Scott Tenney, Aaron Lovalvo, David Beam, Jacob P. Kozubal, Mark A. Shanks, W. C. Morgan, Lisa A. Kan, Jinjun Gorby, Yuri Yooseph, Shibu Nealson, Kenneth TI Geomicrobiology of sublacustrine thermal vents in Yellowstone Lake: geochemical controls on microbial community structure and function SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metagenome; Aquificales; Archaea; hydrogen; sulfide; methane; thermophiles; methanotrophs ID SULFUR-OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; NATIONAL-PARK; SP-NOV.; GEOTHERMAL SPRINGS; GEN. NOV.; HOT-SPRINGS; SULFURIHYDROGENIBIUM-AZORENSE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; METAGENOME SEQUENCE; ACID CYCLE AB Yellowstone Lake (Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA) is a large high-altitude (2200 m), fresh water lake, which straddles an extensive caldera and is the center of significant geothermal activity. The primary goal of this interdisciplinary study was to evaluate the microbial populations inhabiting thermal vent communities in Yellowstone Lake using 16S rRNA gene and random metagenome sequencing, and to determine how geochemical attributes of vent waters influence the distribution of specific microorganisms and their metabolic potential. Thermal vent waters and associated microbial biomass were sampled during two field seasons (2007-2008) using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Sublacustrine thermal vent waters (circa 50-90 degrees C) contained elevated concentrations of numerous constituents associated with geothermal activity including dissolved hydrogen, sulfide, methane and carbon dioxide. Microorganisms associated with sulfur-rich filamentous "streamer" communities of Inflated Plain and West Thumb (pH range 5-6) were dominated by bacteria from the Aquificales, but also contained thermophilic archaea from the Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Novel groups of methanogens and members of the Korarchaeota were observed in vents from West Thumb and Elliot's Crater (pH 5-6). Conversely, metagenome sequence from Mary Bay vent sediments did not yield large assemblies, and contained diverse thermophilic and nonthermophilic bacterial relatives. Analysis of functional genes associated with the major vent populations indicated a direct linkage to high concentrations of carbon dioxide, reduced sulfur (sulfide and/or elemental S), hydrogen and methane in the deep thermal ecosystems. Our observations show that sublacustrine thermal vents in Yellowstone Lake support novel thermophilic communities, which contain microorganisms with functional attributes not found to date in terrestrial geothermal systems of YNP. C1 [Inskeep, William P.] Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Inskeep, William P.; Jay, Zackary J.; Beam, Jacob P.; Kozubal, Mark A.] Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Macur, Richard E.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Clingenpeel, Scott] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Tenney, Aaron; Yooseph, Shibu] J Craig Venter Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. [Lovalvo, David] Eastern Ocean, West Redding, CT USA. [Shanks, W. C.; Morgan, Lisa A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kan, Jinjun; Gorby, Yuri; Nealson, Kenneth] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Inskeep, WP (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM binskeep@montana.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [1555]; Yellowstone Park Foundation (Bozeman, MT); NSF Integrated Graduate and Education Training Program in Geobiological Systems [0654336]; Center for Resources; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station [911300] FX Authors appreciate collaboration with Dr. Tim McDermott (MSU) and project support (2007-2008) from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant No. 1555), the Yellowstone Park Foundation (Bozeman, MT), the NSF Integrated Graduate and Education Training Program in Geobiological Systems (Ph.D. stipend support for ZJJ and JPB; NSF IGERT 0654336), the Center for Resources (Yellowstone National Park, National Park Service) for permitting and access to facilities necessary to conduct this study, and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station (Project 911300) for salary support to WPI and REM. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 39 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD OCT 26 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 1044 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01044 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CV3KA UT WOS:000364156900001 PM 26579074 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Thogmartin, WE Erickson, RA Szymanski, J Tinsley, K AF Russell, Robin E. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Erickson, Richard A. Szymanski, Jennifer Tinsley, Karl TI Estimating the short-term recovery potential of little brown bats in the eastern United States in the face of White-nose syndrome SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Disease ecology; Myotis lucifugus; Population modeling; Simulations; Uncertainty; White-nose syndrome ID ENDANGERED INDIANA BAT; PSEUDOGYMNOASCUS-DESTRUCTANS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; POPULATION; WILDLIFE; DYNAMICS; GEOMYCES; HOST AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) was first detected in North American bats in New York in 2006. Since that time WNS has spread throughout the northeastern United States, southeastern Canada, and southwest across Pennsylvania and as far west as Missouri. Suspect WNS cases have been identified in Minnesota and Iowa, and the causative agent of WNS (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) has recently been detected in Mississippi. The impact of WNS is devastating for little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), causing up to 100% mortality in some overwintering populations, and previous research has forecast the extirpation of the species due to the disease. Recent evidence indicates that remnant populations may persist in areas where WNS is endemic. We developed a spatially explicit model of little brown bat population dynamics to investigate the potential for populations to recover under alternative scenarios. We used these models to investigate how starting population sizes, potential changes in the number of bats overwintering successfully in hibernacula, and potential changes in demographic rates of the population post WNS may influence the ability of the bats to recover to former levels of abundance. We found that populations of the little brown bat and other species that are highly susceptible to WNS are unlikely to return to pre-WNS levels in the near future under any of the scenarios we examined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Erickson, Richard A.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Szymanski, Jennifer] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, Onalaska, WI USA. [Tinsley, Karl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, Midwest Reg Off, Bloomington, MN USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rerussell@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Erickson, Richard/0000-0003-4649-482X NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 128 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 24 PY 2015 VL 314 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.016 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS1XL UT WOS:000361862100011 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Cahoon, DR Friess, DA Guntenspergen, GR Krauss, KW Reef, R Rogers, K Saunders, ML Sidik, F Swales, A Saintilan, N Thuyen, LX Triet, T AF Lovelock, Catherine E. Cahoon, Donald R. Friess, Daniel A. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Krauss, Ken W. Reef, Ruth Rogers, Kerrylee Saunders, Megan L. Sidik, Frida Swales, Andrew Saintilan, Neil Thuyen, Le Xuan Triet, Tran TI The vulnerability of Indo-Pacific mangrove forests to sea-level rise SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; SALT-MARSH; SEDIMENTATION; EVOLUTION; ELEVATION; IMPACTS; ADJUST AB Sea-level rise can threaten the long-term sustainability of coastal communities and valuable ecosystems such as coral reefs, salt marshes and mangroves(1,2). Mangrove forests have the capacity to keep pace with sea-level rise and to avoid inundation through vertical accretion of sediments, which allows them to maintain wetland soil elevations suitable for plant growth(3). The Indo-Pacific region holds most of the world's mangrove forests(4), but sediment delivery in this region is declining, owing to anthropogenic activities such as damming of rivers(5). This decline is of particular concern because the Indo-Pacific region is expected to have variable, but high, rates of future sea-level rise(6,7). Here we analyse recent trends in mangrove surface elevation changes across the Indo-Pacific region using data from a network of surface elevation table instruments(8-10). We find that sediment availability can enable mangrove forests to maintain rates of soil-surface elevation gain that match or exceed that of sea-level rise, but for 69 per cent of our study sites the current rate of sea-level rise exceeded the soil surface elevation gain. We also present a model based on our field data, which suggests that mangrove forests at sites with low tidal range and low sediment supply could be submerged as early as 2070. C1 [Lovelock, Catherine E.; Reef, Ruth; Swales, Andrew] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Lovelock, Catherine E.; Reef, Ruth; Saunders, Megan L.] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Cahoon, Donald R.; Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Friess, Daniel A.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore 117570, Singapore. [Reef, Ruth] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge Coastal Res Unit, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Rogers, Kerrylee] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Sidik, Frida] Minist Marine Affairs & Fisheries, Inst Marine Res & Observat, Bali 82251, Indonesia. [Swales, Andrew] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton 3251, New Zealand. [Saintilan, Neil] Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Thuyen, Le Xuan; Triet, Tran] Vietnam Natl Univ, Univ Sci, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; Saunders, Megan/I-7731-2012 OI Sidik, Frida/0000-0001-7329-9937; Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Saunders, Megan/0000-0002-8549-5609 FU Australian Research Council [FS100100024]; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program FX The Global Change Institute at The University of Queensland supported this collaboration, as did the Australian Research Council SuperScience grant number FS100100024 to the Australia Sea Level Rise Partnerships. D.R.C., G.R.G. and K.W.K. acknowledge support from the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 45 U2 153 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 22 PY 2015 VL 526 IS 7574 BP 559 EP U217 DI 10.1038/nature15538 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV1NX UT WOS:000364026100047 PM 26466567 ER PT J AU He, K Woodman, N Boaglio, S Roberts, M Supekar, S Maldonado, JE AF He, Kai Woodman, Neal Boaglio, Sean Roberts, Mariel Supekar, Sunjana Maldonado, Jesus E. TI Molecular Phylogeny Supports Repeated Adaptation to Burrowing within Small-Eared Shrews Genus of Cryptotis (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; CENTRAL-AMERICA; MAMMALIA; SORICOMORPHA; MORPHOLOGY; INSECTIVORA; SOREX AB Small-eared shrews of the New World genus Cryptotis (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) comprise at least 42 species that traditionally have been partitioned among four or more species groups based on morphological characters. The Cryptotis mexicana species group is of particular interest, because its member species inhibit a subtly graded series of forelimb adaptations that appear to correspond to locomotory behaviors that range from more ambulatory to more fossorial. Unfortunately, the evolutionary relationships both among species in the C. mexicana group and among the species groups remain unclear. To better understand the phylogeny of this group of shrews, we sequenced two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. To help interpret the pattern and direction of morphological changes, we also generated a matrix of morphological characters focused on the evolutionarily plastic humerus. We found significant discordant between the resulting molecular and morphological trees, suggesting considerable convergence in the evolution of the humerus. Our results indicate that adaptations for increased burrowing ability evolved repeatedly within the genus Cryptotis. C1 [He, Kai; Woodman, Neal; Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [He, Kai] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Zool, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Boaglio, Sean; Roberts, Mariel; Supekar, Sunjana; Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Boaglio, Sean] Pacific Lutheran Univ, Dept Biol, Tacoma, WA 98447 USA. [Roberts, Mariel] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Supekar, Sunjana] Oberlin Coll, Dept Biol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. RP He, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM hek@si.edu OI He, Kai/0000-0002-6234-2589; Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 FU NHRE program at the Smithsonian Institution FX NHRE program at the Smithsonian Institution provided funding internships and supplies to SB, MR, SS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 21 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0140280 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140280 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU0ZM UT WOS:000363248400048 PM 26489020 ER PT J AU Shafer, SL Bartlein, PJ Gray, EM Pelltier, RT AF Shafer, Sarah L. Bartlein, Patrick J. Gray, Elizabeth M. Pelltier, Richard T. TI Projected Future Vegetation Changes for the Northwest United States and Southwest Canada at a Fine Spatial Resolution Using a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INCORPORATING CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; WILLAMETTE VALLEY; ECOSYSTEM; FIRE; AMERICA; HISTORY; OREGON; IMPACT; SPACE AB Future climate change may significantly alter the distributions of many plant taxa. The effects of climate change may be particularly large in mountainous regions where climate can vary significantly with elevation. Understanding potential future vegetation changes in these regions requires methods that can resolve vegetation responses to climate change at fine spatial resolutions. We used LPJ, a dynamic global vegetation model, to assess potential future vegetation changes for a large topographically complex area of the northwest United States and southwest Canada (38.0-58.0 degrees N latitude by 136.6-103.0 degrees W longitude). LPJ is a process-based vegetation model that mechanistically simulates the effect of changing climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations on vegetation. It was developed and has been mostly applied at spatial resolutions of 10-minutes or coarser. In this study, we used LPJ at a 30-second (similar to 1-km) spatial resolution to simulate potential vegetation changes for 2070-2099. LPJ was run using downscaled future climate simulations from five coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (CCSM3, CGCM3.1(T47), GISS-ER, MIROC3.2(medres), UKMO-HadCM3) produced using the A2 greenhouse gases emissions scenario. Under projected future climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the simulated vegetation changes result in the contraction of alpine, shrub-steppe, and xeric shrub vegetation across the study area and the expansion of woodland and forest vegetation. Large areas of maritime cool forest and cold forest are simulated to persist under projected future conditions. The fine spatial-scale vegetation simulations resolve patterns of vegetation change that are not visible at coarser resolutions and these fine-scale patterns are particularly important for understanding potential future vegetation changes in topographically complex areas. C1 [Shafer, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Bartlein, Patrick J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Gray, Elizabeth M.] Nature Conservancy, Maryland DC, Bethesda, MD USA. [Pelltier, Richard T.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Shafer, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. EM sshafer@usgs.gov RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011 OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (https://nccwsc.usgs.gov/). SLS and RTP were supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program (http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 21 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0138759 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0138759 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU0ZM UT WOS:000363248400010 PM 26488750 ER PT J AU Stanislawski, LV Buttenfield, BP Doumbouya, A AF Stanislawski, Lawrence V. Buttenfield, Barbara P. Doumbouya, Ariel TI A rapid approach for automated comparison of independently derived stream networks SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2014 AutoCarto Research Symposium CY OCT 05-07, 2014 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE data modeling; national hydrography dataset; generalization; elevation-derived channels; similarity metrics ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHY DATASET; DRAINAGE DIRECTION; FLAT SURFACES; EXTRACTION; ASSIGNMENT; ACCURACY; REGIONS; RUNOFF; DEMS AB This paper presents an improved coefficient of line correspondence (CLC) metric for automatically assessing the similarity of two different sets of linear features. Elevation-derived channels at 1:24,000 scale (24K) are generated from a weighted flow-accumulation model and compared to 24K National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) flowlines. The CLC process conflates two vector datasets through a raster line-density differencing approach that is faster and more reliable than earlier methods. Methods are tested on 30 subbasins distributed across different terrain and climate conditions of the conterminous United States. CLC values for the 30 subbasins indicate 44-83% of the features match between the two datasets, with the majority of the mismatching features comprised of first-order features. Relatively lower CLC values result from subbasins with less than about 1.5 degrees of slope. The primary difference between the two datasets may be explained by different data capture criteria. First-order, headwater tributaries derived from the flow-accumulation model are captured more comprehensively through drainage area and terrain conditions, whereas capture of headwater features in the NHD is cartographically constrained by tributary length. The addition of missing headwaters to the NHD, as guided by the elevation-derived channels, can substantially improve the scientific value of the NHD. C1 [Stanislawski, Lawrence V.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65402 USA. [Buttenfield, Barbara P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Doumbouya, Ariel] US Geol Survey, Natl Geog Tech Operat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Stanislawski, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65402 USA. EM lstan@usgs.gov FU USGS-CEGIS [04121HS029] FX The work of the Colorado author was supported by USGS-CEGIS [grant #04121HS029] "Generalization and Data Modeling for New Generation Topographic Mapping". NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1523-0406 EI 1545-0465 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 5 SI SI BP 435 EP 448 DI 10.1080/15230406.2015.1060869 PG 14 WC Geography SC Geography GA CW4GA UT WOS:000364948200006 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Bohlke, JK Song, B Tobias, CR AF Smith, Richard L. Boehlke, J. K. Song, Bongkeun Tobias, Craig R. TI Role of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) in Nitrogen Removal from a Freshwater Aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE REDUCTION; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; NATURAL ATTENUATION; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; N-2 PRODUCTION; CAPE-COD; DENITRIFICATION; BACTERIA; PLUME AB Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) couples the oxidation of ammonium with the reduction of nitrite, producing N-2. The presence and activity of anammox bacteria in groundwater were investigated at multiple locations in an aquifer variably affected by a large, wastewater-derived contaminant plume. Anammox bacteria were detected at all locations tested using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantification of hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) gene transcripts. Anammox and denitrification activities were quantified by in situ (NO2-)-N-15 tracer tests along anoxic flow paths in areas of varying ammonium, nitrate, and organic carbon abundances. Rates of denitrification and anammox were determined by quantifying changes in N-28(2), N-29(2), N-30(2), (NO3-)-N-15, (NO2-)-N-15, and (NH4+)-N-15 with groundwater travel time. Anammox was present and active in all areas tested, including where ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations were low, but decreased in proportion to denitrification when acetate was added to increase available electron supply. Anammox contributed 39-90% of potential N-2 production in this aquifer, with rates on the order of 10 nmol N-2-N day(-1). Although rates of both anammox and denitrification during the tracer tests were low, they were sufficient to reduce inorganic nitrogen concentrations substantially during the overall groundwater residence times in the aquifer. These results demonstrate that anammox activity in groundwater can rival that of denitrification and may need to be considered when assessing nitrogen mass transport and permanent loss of fixed nitrogen in aquifers. C1 [Smith, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Song, Bongkeun] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Tobias, Craig R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rlsmith@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR 1024662, 1329284, 1024900]; USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program; USGS National Research Program FX This study was funded by National Science Foundation Grants EAR 1024662, 1329284, and 1024900, the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program, and the USGS National Research Program. Field site logistics and coordination were provided by D. LeBlanc and T. McCobb. Assistance with field sample collection was provided by D. A. Repert, J. B. Taylor, C. T. Buckner, N. W. Chang, and V. Rollinson. Isotope analyses were done by S. Mroczkowsld and J. Hannon; molecular characterization was done by J. B. Taylor, T. Sparrer, and A. Zoumplis; solute chemical analyses were done by D. A. Repert. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 16 U2 87 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 20 BP 12169 EP 12177 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02488 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU2JB UT WOS:000363348700022 PM 26401911 ER PT J AU Smith, RW Vlahos, P Bohlke, JK Ariyarathna, T Ballentine, M Cooper, C Fallis, S Groshens, TJ Tobias, C AF Smith, Richard W. Vlahos, Penny Boehlke, J. K. Ariyarathna, Thivanka Ballentine, Mark Cooper, Christopher Fallis, Stephen Groshens, Thomas J. Tobias, Craig TI Tracing the Cycling and Fate of the Explosive 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Coastal Marine Systems with a Stable Isotopic Tracer, N-15-[TNT] SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP B-STRAIN; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; FRESH-WATER; TNT; SEAWATER; NITROGEN; MINERALIZATION; METABOLITES; REDUCTION; BACTERIA AB 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been used as a military explosive for over a hundred years. Contamination concerns have arisen as a result of manufacturing and use on a large scale; however, despite decades of work addressing TNT contamination in the environment, its fate in marine ecosystems is not fully resolved. Here we examine the cycling and fate of TNT in the coastal marine systems by spiking a marine mesocosm containing seawater, sediments, and macrobiota with isotopically labeled TNT (N-15-[TNT]), simultaneously monitoring removal, transformation, mineralization, sorption, and biological uptake over a period of 16 days. TNT degradation was rapid, and we observed accumulation of reduced transformation products dissolved in the water column and in pore waters, sorbed to sediments and suspended particulate matter (SPM), and in the tissues of macrobiota. Bulk delta N-15 analysis of sediments, SPM, and tissues revealed large quantities of N-15 beyond that accounted for in identifiable derivatives. TNT-derived N was also found in the dissolved inorganic N (DIN) pool. Using multivariate statistical analysis and a N-15 mass balance approach, we identify the major transformation pathways of TNT, including the deamination of reduced TNT derivatives, potentially promoted by sorption to SPM and oxic surface sediments. C1 [Smith, Richard W.; Vlahos, Penny; Ariyarathna, Thivanka; Ballentine, Mark; Cooper, Christopher; Tobias, Craig] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Smith, Richard W.] Global Aquat Res LLC, Sodus, NY 14551 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Fallis, Stephen; Groshens, Thomas J.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, Div Chem, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Smith, RW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennocossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM globalaquaticresearch@gmail.com FU Department of Defense SERDP [ER-2122] FX This work was funded by Department of Defense SERDP under Project ID ER-2122. We would like to thank D. Cady, V. Rollinson, and Janet Hannon for analytical support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 20 BP 12223 EP 12231 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02907 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU2JB UT WOS:000363348700028 PM 26375037 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Engle, MA Scholl, M Krabbenhoft, DP Brunette, R Olson, ML Conroy, ME AF Shanley, James B. Engle, Mark A. Scholl, Martha Krabbenhoft, David P. Brunette, Robert Olson, Mark L. Conroy, Mary E. TI High Mercury Wet Deposition at a "Clean Air" Site in Puerto Rico SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; FOREST; BRAZIL; CYCLE AB Atmospheric mercury deposition measurements are rare in tropical latitudes. Here we report on seven years (April 2005 to April 2012, with gaps) of wet Hg deposition measurements at a tropical wet forest in the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, U.S. Despite receiving unpolluted air off the Atlantic Ocean from northeasterly trade winds, during two complete years the site averaged 27.9 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) wet Hg deposition, or about 30% more than Florida and the Gulf Coast, the highest deposition areas within the U.S. These high Hg deposition rates are driven in part by high rainfall, which averaged 2855 mm yr(-1). The volume-weighted mean Hg concentration was 9.8 ng L-1, and was highest during summer and lowest during the winter dry season. Rainout of Hg (decreasing concentration with increasing rainfall depth) was minimal. The high Hg deposition was not supported by gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) at ground level, which remained near global background concentrations (<10 pg m(-3)). Rather, a strong positive correlation between Hg concentrations and the maximum height of rain detected within clouds (echo tops) suggests that droplets in high convective cloud tops scavenge GOM from above the mixing layer. The high wet Hg deposition at this "clean air" site suggests that other tropical areas may be hotspots for Hg deposition as well. C1 [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Scholl, Martha] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Brunette, Robert] Eurofins Frontier Global Sci Inc, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Olson, Mark L.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Conroy, Mary E.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov OI Scholl, Martha/0000-0001-6994-4614; Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program; USGS Atmospheric Deposition program; USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program; USGS Energy Resources Program FX We thank Joe Troester, Manuel Rosario, John Parks, and Alex Avila for instrumentation and field support; Olga Mayol for site accommodation; Gerard Van der Jagt, Fred Scatena, and Sheila Murphy for data and interpretation; Michael Tate for dry Hg deposition modeling; Michael Bank for foliar Hg analyses; Rod Stewart and Thomas Christopher at the Montserrat Volcano Observatory for Soufriere Hills Volcano SO2 emissions data; Eric Miller, Bill McDowell, and Bob Stallard for helpful discussions; and David Gay and three anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of this paper. This research was supported by the USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program, with additional support from the USGS Atmospheric Deposition program administered by Mark Nilles, and the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program and USGS Energy Resources Program for M.A.E. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for informational purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 20 BP 12474 EP 12482 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02430 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU2JB UT WOS:000363348700056 PM 26368125 ER PT J AU Mehdipoor, H Zurita-Milla, R Rosemartin, A Gerst, KL Weltzin, JF AF Mehdipoor, Hamed Zurita-Milla, Raul Rosemartin, Alyssa Gerst, Katharine L. Weltzin, Jake F. TI Developing a Workflow to Identify Inconsistencies in Volunteered Geographic Information: A Phenological Case Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CITIZEN SCIENCE; GLOBAL CHANGE; NETWORK; MODEL; LIKELIHOOD; QUALITY; ONSET; PLANT AB Recent improvements in online information communication and mobile location-aware technologies have led to the production of large volumes of volunteered geographic information. Widespread, large-scale efforts by volunteers to collect data can inform and drive scientific advances in diverse fields, including ecology and climatology. Traditional workflows to check the quality of such volunteered information can be costly and time consuming as they heavily rely on human interventions. However, identifying factors that can influence data quality, such as inconsistency, is crucial when these data are used in modeling and decision- making frameworks. Recently developed workflows use simple statistical approaches that assume that the majority of the information is consistent. However, this assumption is not generalizable, and ignores underlying geographic and environmental contextual variability that may explain apparent inconsistencies. Here we describe an automated workflow to check inconsistency based on the availability of contextual environmental information for sampling locations. The workflow consists of three steps: (1) dimensionality reduction to facilitate further analysis and interpretation of results, (2) model-based clustering to group observations according to their contextual conditions, and (3) identification of inconsistent observations within each cluster. The workflow was applied to volunteered observations of flowering in common and cloned lilac plants (Syringa vulgaris and Syringa x chinensis) in the United States for the period 1980 to 2013. About 97% of the observations for both common and cloned lilacs were flagged as consistent, indicating that volunteers provided reliable information for this case study. Relative to the original dataset, the exclusion of inconsistent observations changed the apparent rate of change in lilac bloom dates by two days per decade, indicating the importance of inconsistency checking as a key step in data quality assessment for volunteered geographic information. Initiatives that leverage volunteered geographic information can adapt this workflow to improve the quality of their datasets and the robustness of their scientific analyses. C1 [Mehdipoor, Hamed; Zurita-Milla, Raul] Univ Twente, Fac GeoInformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Rosemartin, Alyssa; Gerst, Katharine L.] Univ Arizona, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Rosemartin, Alyssa; Gerst, Katharine L.; Weltzin, Jake F.] USA Natl Phenol Network, Natl Coordinating Off, Tucson, AZ USA. [Weltzin, Jake F.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Mehdipoor, H (reprint author), Univ Twente, Fac GeoInformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM h.mehdipoor@utwente.nl RI Zurita-Milla, Raul/E-9333-2010 FU Google Faculty Research Award; United States Geological Survey [G09AC00310, G14AC00405] FX This research was supported in part by a Google Faculty Research Award to RZM and by Cooperative Agreements G09AC00310 and G14AC00405 from the United States Geological Survey to the University of Arizona. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0140811 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140811 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CT7XI UT WOS:000363028100074 PM 26485157 ER PT J AU Ostberg, CO Chase, DM Hauser, L AF Ostberg, Carl O. Chase, Dorothy M. Hauser, Lorenz TI Hybridization between Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout Alters the Expression of Muscle Growth-Related Genes and Their Relationships with Growth Patterns SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LIFE-HISTORY; HYBRIDS; MYKISS; INTROGRESSION; MYOSTATIN; INSULIN; CONSEQUENCES; DIVERGENCE AB Hybridization creates novel gene combinations that may generate important evolutionary novelty, but may also reduce existing adaptation by interrupting inherent biological processes, such as genotype-environment interactions. Hybridization often causes substantial change in patterns of gene expression, which, in turn, may cause phenotypic change. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and cutthroat trout (O. clarkii) produce viable hybrids in the wild, and introgressive hybridization with introduced rainbow trout is a major conservation concern for native cutthroat trout. The two species differ in body shape, which is likely an evolutionary adaptation to their native environments, and their hybrids tend to show intermediate morphology. The characterization of gene expression patterns may provide insights on the genetic basis of hybrid and parental morphologies, as well as on the ecological performance of hybrids in the wild. Here, we evaluated the expression of eight growth-related genes (MSTN-1a, MSTN-1b, MyoD1a, MyoD1b, MRF-4, IGF-1, IGF-2, and CAST-L) and the relationship of these genes with growth traits (length, weight, and condition factor) in six line crosses: both parental species, both reciprocal F1 hybrids, and both first-generation backcrosses (F1 x rainbow trout and F1 x cutthroat trout). Four of these genes were differentially expressed among rainbow, cutthroat, and their hybrids. Transcript abundance was significantly correlated with growth traits across the parent species, but not across hybrids. Our findings suggest that rainbow and cutthroat trout exhibit differences in muscle growth regulation, that transcriptional networks may be modified by hybridization, and that hybridization disrupts intrinsic relationships between gene expression and growth patterns that may be functionally important for phenotypic adaptations. C1 [Ostberg, Carl O.; Chase, Dorothy M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Hauser, Lorenz] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ostberg, CO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM costberg@usgs.gov RI Hauser, Lorenz/E-4365-2010 FU Recruitment, Admissions, and Scholarship Committee, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded in part by an award granted to COO from the Recruitment, Admissions, and Scholarship Committee, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington. All other project funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. There was no additional external funding received for this study. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0141373 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141373 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CT7XI UT WOS:000363028100132 PM 26485525 ER PT J AU Peng, ZG Shelly, DR Ellsworth, WL AF Peng, Zhigang Shelly, David R. Ellsworth, William L. TI Delayed dynamic triggering of deep tremor along the Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas Fault following the 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Parkfield; tremor; triggering; 2014 South Napa earthquake ID NONVOLCANIC TREMOR AB Large, distant earthquakes are known to trigger deep tectonic tremor along the San Andreas Fault and in subduction zones. However, there are relatively few observations of triggering from regional distance earthquakes. Here we show that a small tremor episode about 12-18km NW of Parkfield was triggered during and immediately following the passage of surface waves from the 2014 M-w 6.0 South Napa main shock. More notably, a major tremor episode followed, beginning about 12h later, and centered SE of Parkfield near Cholame. This major episode is one of the largest seen over the past several years, containing intense activity for 3days and taking more than 3weeks to return to background levels. This episode showed systematic along-strike migration at 5km/d, suggesting that it was driven by a slow-slip event. Our results suggest that moderate-size earthquakes are capable of triggering major tremor and deep slow slip at regional distances. C1 [Peng, Zhigang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Peng, ZG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zpeng@gatech.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0956051] FX The data used in this study come from the High Resolution Seismic Network (HRSN) operated by Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, and the Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN) operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Menlo Park. Waveform data, metadata, or data products for this study were accessed through the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), doi: 10.7932/NCEDC. We thank Chunquan Wu and Chastity Aiken for useful comments on an earlier version, Andrea Llenos for the USGS internal review, and Honn Kao and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the paper. Z.P. was supported by the National Science Foundation grant (EAR-0956051). NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 19 BP 7916 EP 7922 DI 10.1002/2015GL065277 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU7DF UT WOS:000363695500009 ER PT J AU Bianchi, TS Galy, V Rosenheim, BE Shields, M Cui, XQ Van Metre, P AF Bianchi, Thomas S. Galy, Valier Rosenheim, Brad E. Shields, Michael Cui, Xingqian Van Metre, Peter TI Paleoreconstruction of organic carbon inputs to an oxbow lake in the Mississippi River watershed: Effects of dam construction and land use change on regional inputs SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE organic carbon cycling; paleoreconstruction; dam reservoirs; biomarker proxies ID RAMPED PYROLYSIS; SEDIMENT DISCHARGE; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; FUNGAL DEGRADATION; ATCHAFALAYA RIVER; LIGNIN PHENOL; CUO OXIDATION; MATTER; OCEAN; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB We use a dated sediment core from Lake Whittington (USA) in the lower Mississippi River to reconstruct linkages in the carbon cycling and fluvial sediment dynamics over the past 80years. Organic carbon (OC) sources were characterized using bulk (C-13, ramped pyrolysis-oxidation (PyrOx) C-14, N-15, and TN:OC ratios) and compound-specific (lignin phenols and fatty acids, including C-13 and C-14 of the fatty acids) analyses. Damming of the Missouri River in the 1950s, other hydrological modifications to the river, and soil conservation measures resulted in reduced net OC export, in spite of increasing OC concentrations. Decreasing C-13 values coincided with increases in N-15, TN:OC ratios, long-chain fatty acids, and lignin-phenol concentrations, suggesting increased inputs of soil-derived OC dominated by C-3 vegetation, mainly resulting from changes in farming practices and crop distribution. However, ramped PyrOx C-14 showed no discernible differences downcore in thermochemical stability, indicating a limited impact on soil OC turnover. C1 [Bianchi, Thomas S.; Shields, Michael; Cui, Xingqian] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Galy, Valier] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rosenheim, Brad E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Van Metre, Peter] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. RP Bianchi, TS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tbianchi@ufl.edu RI Cui, Xingqian/P-3586-2016; galy, valier/I-6185-2012; OI Cui, Xingqian/0000-0001-6705-7595; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU US National Science Foundation [OCE-0928582] FX We are grateful to Mead Allison for reading earlier version of this manuscript. Support for the biomarker analyses were provided by the Jon and Beverly Thompson Chair in Geological Sciences at University of Florida. VG was partly supported by the US National Science Foundation (grant OCE-0928582). All data for this work are stored on a University of Florida (UF) server cluster that has an off-site replication. It is accessible only through the UF network and only then if you have a UF ID that is registered to our data share. The most common storage type we use is excel (.xls), although comma separated values (.csv) is also a common file type that is readily usable by different platforms. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 19 BP 7983 EP 7991 DI 10.1002/2015GL065595 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU7DF UT WOS:000363695500017 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Kirwan, ML Dickhudt, PJ Guntenspergen, GR Cahoon, DR Kroeger, KD AF Ganju, Neil K. Kirwan, Matthew L. Dickhudt, Patrick J. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Cahoon, Donald R. Kroeger, Kevin D. TI Sediment transport-based metrics of wetland stability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; tidal wetlands; wetland stability; wetland vulnerability ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TIDAL MARSH; BRACKISH MARSH; ESTUARY; MODEL; WATER; FLUX; ACCRETION AB Despite the importance of sediment availability on wetland stability, vulnerability assessments seldom consider spatiotemporal variability of sediment transport. Models predict that the maximum rate of sea level rise a marsh can survive is proportional to suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and accretion. In contrast, we find that SSC and accretion are higher in an unstable marsh than in an adjacent stable marsh, suggesting that these metrics cannot describe wetland vulnerability. Therefore, we propose the flood/ebb SSC differential and organic-inorganic suspended sediment ratio as better vulnerability metrics. The unstable marsh favors sediment export (18mgL(-1) higher on ebb tides), while the stable marsh imports sediment (12mgL(-1) higher on flood tides). The organic-inorganic SSC ratio is 84% higher in the unstable marsh, and stable isotopes indicate a source consistent with marsh-derived material. These simple metrics scale with sediment fluxes, integrate spatiotemporal variability, and indicate sediment sources. C1 [Ganju, Neil K.; Kroeger, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kirwan, Matthew L.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Dickhudt, Patrick J.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Duck, NC USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.; Cahoon, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov OI Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Global Change and Land Use Program FX The time series data are available from the USGS Oceanographic Time Series Database at http://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/bw2011.html. Wally Brooks, Jon Borden, Ellyn Montgomery, Sandy Brosnahan, R. Kyle Derby, Patrick Brennand, and Nick Nidzieko provided assistance with site access, data collection, and data processing. We thank Sergio Fagherazzi and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful suggestions which greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and Global Change and Land Use Program. Use of brand names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 19 BP 7992 EP 8000 DI 10.1002/2015GL065980 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU7DF UT WOS:000363695500018 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Villalobos, JC Work, TM Calderon-Aguilera, LE Reyes-Bonilla, H Hernandez, L AF Carolina Rodriguez-Villalobos, Jenny Work, Thierry Martin Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Reyes-Bonilla, Hector Hernandez, Luis TI Explained and unexplained tissue loss in corals from the Tropical Eastern Pacific SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Pocillopora; Lesions; Predation; Disease ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; FEEDING BUTTERFLYFISHES CHAETODONTIDAE; LOSS WHITE SYNDROME; INDO-PACIFIC; BAND DISEASE; FAMILY CHAETODONTIDAE; ACANTHASTER-PLANCI; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES AB Coral reefs rival rainforest in biodiversity, but are declining in part because of disease. Tissue loss lesions, a manifestation of disease, are present in dominant Pocillopora along the Pacific coast of Mexico. We characterized tissue loss in 7 species of Pocillopora from 9 locations (44 sites) spanning southern to northern Mexico. Corals were identified to species, and tissue loss lesions were photographed and classified as those explainable by predation and those that were unexplained. A focal predation study was done concurrently at 3 locations to confirm origin of explained lesions. Of 1054 cases of tissue loss in 7 species of corals, 84% were associated with predation (fish, snails, or seastar) and the remainder were unexplained. Types of tissue loss were not related to coral density; however there was significant geographic heterogeneity in type of lesion; one site in particular (Cabo Pulmo) had the highest prevalence of predator-induced tissue loss (mainly pufferfish predation). Crown-of-thorns starfish, pufferfish, and snails were the most common predators and preferred P. verrucosa, P. meandrina, and P. capitata, respectively. Of the 9 locations, 4 had unexplained tissue loss with prevalence ranging from 1 to 3% with no species predilection. Unexplained tissue loss was similar to white syndrome (WS) in morphology, indicating additional study is necessary to clarify the cause(s) of the lesions and the potential impacts to dominant corals along the Pacific coast of Mexico. C1 [Carolina Rodriguez-Villalobos, Jenny; Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera, Luis] CICESE, Dept Ecol Marina, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Work, Thierry Martin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Reyes-Bonilla, Hector; Hernandez, Luis] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, La Paz, Bcs, Mexico. RP Rodriguez-Villalobos, JC (reprint author), CICESE, Dept Ecol Marina, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM jennica13@hotmail.com RI Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Eduardo/E-1522-2015 OI Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Eduardo/0000-0001-5427-6043 FU SEMARNAT-INE-CONACYT [23390]; CONACYT [CVU 39868] FX This work was partially funded by SEMARNAT-INE-CONACYT (Grant 23390 to L.E.C.A.). J.C.R.V. was sponsored by CONACYT (CVU 39868). We are indebted to all our friends and colleagues who helped in the field work. Mention of products and trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 116 IS 2 BP 121 EP + DI 10.3354/dao02914 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CU2HD UT WOS:000363343700005 PM 26480915 ER PT J AU Lin, HS McDonnell, JJ Nimmo, JR Pachepsky, YA AF Lin, H. S. McDonnell, J. J. Nimmo, J. R. Pachepsky, Y. A. TI Hydropedology: Synergistic integration of soil science and hydrology in the Critical Zone Preface SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lin, H. S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [McDonnell, J. J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [McDonnell, J. J.] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Nimmo, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pachepsky, Y. A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lin, HS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM henrylin@psu.edu RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 21 SI SI BP 4559 EP 4561 DI 10.1002/hyp.10686 PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CU1JQ UT WOS:000363277700001 ER PT J AU Mirus, BB AF Mirus, Benjamin B. TI Evaluating the importance of characterizing soil structure and horizons in parameterizing a hydrologic process model SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AGU Fall Meeting CY DEC 09-13, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Techn Comm Soil Syst & Crit Zone Proc, Earth & Planetary Surface Proc Global Environm Change Near Surface Geophys & Nonlinear Geophys DE hydropedology; soil horizons; soil-water retention; coupled hydrologic modelling; physics-based modelling; vertical heterogeneity ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY-CONDITION; UNSATURATED SOILS; RUNOFF GENERATION; SUBSURFACE FLOW; WATER RETENTION; COUPLED SURFACE; R-5 CATCHMENT AB Incorporating the influence of soil structure and horizons into parameterizations of distributed surface water/groundwater models remains a challenge. Often, only a single soil unit is employed, and soil-hydraulic properties are assigned based on textural classification, without evaluating the potential impact of these simplifications. This study uses a distributed physics-based model to assess the influence of soil horizons and structure on effective parameterization. This paper tests the viability of two established and widely used hydrogeologic methods for simulating runoff and variably saturated flow through layered soils: (1) accounting for vertical heterogeneity by combining hydrostratigraphic units with contrasting hydraulic properties into homogeneous, anisotropic units and (2) use of established pedotransfer functions based on soil texture alone to estimate water retention and conductivity, without accounting for the influence of pedon structures and hysteresis. The viability of this latter method for capturing the seasonal transition from runoff-dominated to evapotranspiration-dominated regimes is also tested here. For cases tested here, event-based simulations using simplified vertical heterogeneity did not capture the state-dependent anisotropy and complex combinations of runoff generation mechanisms resulting from permeability contrasts in layered hillslopes with complex topography. Continuous simulations using pedotransfer functions that do not account for the influence of soil structure and hysteresis generally over-predicted runoff, leading to propagation of substantial water balance errors. Analysis suggests that identifying a dominant hydropedological unit provides the most acceptable simplification of subsurface layering and that modified pedotransfer functions with steeper soil-water retention curves might adequately capture the influence of soil structure and hysteresis on hydrologic response in headwater catchments. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA C1 US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mirus, BB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bbmirus@usgs.gov OI Mirus, Benjamin/0000-0001-5550-014X NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 21 SI SI BP 4611 EP 4623 DI 10.1002/hyp.10592 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CU1JQ UT WOS:000363277700005 ER PT J AU Gvirtzman, Z Said-Ahmad, W Ellis, GS Hill, RJ Moldowan, JM Wei, ZB Amrani, A AF Gvirtzman, Zvi Said-Ahmad, Ward Ellis, Geoffrey S. Hill, Ronald J. Moldowan, J. Michael Wei, Zhibin Amrani, Alon TI Compound-specific sulfur isotope analysis of thiadiamondoids of oils from the Smackover Formation, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; MONITORING MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBONATE RESERVOIRS; SOURCE ROCKS; PETROLEUM; HYDROCARBONS; BASIN; MATURATION; BACTERIAL; SULFIDE AB Thiadiamondoids (TDs) are diamond-like compounds with a sulfide bond located within the cage structure. These compounds were suggested as a molecular proxy for the occurrence and extent of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Compound-specific sulfur-isotope analysis of TDs may create a multi-parameter system, based on molecular and delta S-34 values that may be sensitive over a wider range of TSR and thermal maturation stages. In this study, we analyzed a suite of 12 Upper Jurassic oil and condensate samples generated from source rocks in the Smackover Formation to perform a systematic study of the sulfur isotope distribution in thiadiamondoids (one and two cages). For comparison we measured the delta S-34 composition of benzothiophenes (BTs) and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs). We also conducted pyrolysis experiments with petroleum and model compounds to have an insight into the formation mechanisms of TDs. The delta S-34 of the TDs varied significantly (ca 30 parts per thousand) between the different oils depending on the degree of TSR alteration. The results showed that within the same oil, the one-cage TDs were relatively uniform, with S-34 enriched values similar to those of the coexisting BTs. The two-cage TDs had more variable delta S-34 values that range from the delta S-34 values of BTs to those of the DBTs, but with general S-34 depletion relative to one cage TDs. Hydrous pyrolysis experiments (360 degrees C, 40 h) with either CaSO4 or elemental S (equivalent S molar concentrations) and adamantane as a model compound demonstrate the formation of one cage TDs in relatively low yields (<0.2%). Higher concentrations of TDs were observed in the elemental sulfur experiments, most likely because of the higher rates of reaction with adamantane under these experimental conditions. These results show that the formation of TDs is not exclusive to TSR reactions, and that they can also form by reaction with reduced S species apart from sulfate reduction, though at low yields. Oxygenated compounds, most notably 2-thiaadamantanone and phenol, were also formed during these pyrolysis experiments. This may represent the first stage in the formation of sulfurized compounds and the oxidation of organic matter under TSR conditions. Pyrolysis experiments with elemental S and a TD-enriched oil showed that the delta S-34 values of the TDs did not change, whereas the BTs did change significantly. It is therefore concluded that TDs do not exchange S atoms with coexisting inorganic reduced sulfur species. They can only change their delta S-34 values via addition of newly generated TDs that form predominantly during TSR. We therefore suggest that TDs will preserve their delta S-34 values even under high-temperature reservoir conditions and will reflect the original sulfates delta S-34 value. The combination of TDs, BTs, and DBTs delta S-34 values and concentrations allowed for a more reliable detection of the occurrence and extent of TSR than either proxy alone. It showed that except for two oils, all of the oils that were measured in this study were affected by TSR or TSR-sourced H2S, to some C1 [Gvirtzman, Zvi; Said-Ahmad, Ward; Amrani, Alon] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hill, Ronald J.] EOG Resources, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Moldowan, J. Michael] Biomarker Technol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Wei, Zhibin] ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co, Houston, TX 77389 USA. RP Amrani, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM alon.amrani@mail.huji.ac.il OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 FU Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) [1269/12] FX Alon Amrani thanks the Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) Grant Number 1269/12 for partial support of this study. We thank Alex Meshulam for his valuable help with the quartz tube pyrolysis experiments. We appreciate the comments and suggestions by Bob Dias, Zeev Aizenshtat and three anonymous reviewers that help improve this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 167 BP 144 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.07.008 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CR0KL UT WOS:000361007300008 ER PT J AU Desai, AR Xu, K Tian, HQ Weishampel, P Thom, J Baumann, D Andrews, AE Cook, BD King, JY Kolka, R AF Desai, Ankur R. Xu, Ke Tian, Hanqin Weishampel, Peter Thom, Jonathan Baumann, Dan Andrews, Arlyn E. Cook, Bruce D. King, Jennifer Y. Kolka, Randall TI Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower (vol 201, pg 61, 2015) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Desai, Ankur R.; Xu, Ke; Thom, Jonathan] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Weishampel, Peter] Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Great Lakes Domain, Land O Lakes, WI USA. [Baumann, Dan] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cook, Bruce D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [King, Jennifer Y.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kolka, Randall] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Desai, AR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM desai@aos.wisc.edu RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 211 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.05.007 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN8PC UT WOS:000358702100001 ER PT J AU Tan, ZX Liu, SG Sohl, TL Wu, YP Young, CJ AF Tan, Zhengxi Liu, Shuguang Sohl, Terry L. Wu, Yiping Young, Claudia J. TI Ecosystem carbon stocks and sequestration potential of federal lands across the conterminous United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical modeling; ecosystem carbon dynamics; land use and land cover; federal lands; nonfederal lands ID COVER CHANGE; MODEL; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; STRATEGY; FORESTS AB Federal lands across the conterminous United States (CONUS) account for 23.5% of the CONUS terrestrial area but have received no systematic studies on their ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics and contribution to the national C budgets. The methodology for US Congress-mandated national biological C sequestration potential assessment was used to evaluate ecosystem C dynamics in CONUS federal lands at present and in the future under three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios (IPCC SRES) A1B, A2, and B1. The total ecosystem C stock was estimated as 11,613 Tg C in 2005 and projected to be 13,965 Tg C in 2050, an average increase of 19.4% from the baseline. The projected annual C sequestration rate (in kilograms of carbon per hectare per year) from 2006 to 2050 would be sinks of 620 and 228 for forests and grasslands, respectively, and C sources of 13 for shrublands. The federal lands' contribution to the national ecosystem C budget could decrease from 23.3% in 2005 to 20.8% in 2050. The C sequestration potential in the future depends not only on the footprint of individual ecosystems but also on each federal agency's land use and management. The results presented here update our current knowledge about the baseline ecosystem C stock and sequestration potential of federal lands, which would be useful for federal agencies to decide management practices to achieve the national greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation goal. C1 [Tan, Zhengxi; Wu, Yiping] Arctic Slope Reg Corp, Contractor US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observa, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang; Sohl, Terry L.] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Young, Claudia J.] Innovate Inc, Contractor US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observa, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), Arctic Slope Reg Corp, Contractor US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observa, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ztan@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012; OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884; Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU USGS Carbon on US Department of Interior (DOI) Lands of the Land Change Science Program; National Biological Carbon Sequestration Assessment Project; USGS [G15PC00028, G10PC00044] FX We thank the entire team of the US Geological Survey (USGS) LandCarbon project for developing the methodology and generating the results that are necessary to perform this analysis. We acknowledge Tom Adamson [USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS)] for English edits. This study was funded by USGS Carbon on US Department of Interior (DOI) Lands of the Land Change Science Program and National Biological Carbon Sequestration Assessment Project. The work of Z.T. and Y.W. was performed under USGS Contract G15PC00028, and the work of C.J.Y. was performed under USGS Contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, firm, product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 13 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 41 BP 12723 EP 12728 DI 10.1073/pnas.1512542112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CT9IQ UT WOS:000363130900048 PM 26417074 ER PT J AU Grotzinger, JP Gupta, S Malin, MC Rubin, DM Schieber, J Siebach, K Sumner, DY Stack, KM Vasavada, AR Arvidson, RE Calef, F Edgar, L Fischer, WF Grant, JA Griffes, J Kah, LC Lamb, MP Lewis, KW Mangold, N Minitti, ME Palucis, M Rice, M Williams, RME Yingst, RA Blake, D Blaney, D Conrad, P Crisp, J Dietrich, WE Dromart, G Edgett, KS Ewing, RC Gellert, R Hurowitz, JA Kocurek, G Mahaffy, P McBride, MJ McLennan, SM Mischna, M Ming, D Milliken, R Newsom, H Oehler, D Parker, TJ Vaniman, D Wiens, RC Wilson, SA AF Grotzinger, J. P. Gupta, S. Malin, M. C. Rubin, D. M. Schieber, J. Siebach, K. Sumner, D. Y. Stack, K. M. Vasavada, A. R. Arvidson, R. E. Calef, F., III Edgar, L. Fischer, W. F. Grant, J. A. Griffes, J. Kah, L. C. Lamb, M. P. Lewis, K. W. Mangold, N. Minitti, M. E. Palucis, M. Rice, M. Williams, R. M. E. Yingst, R. A. Blake, D. Blaney, D. Conrad, P. Crisp, J. Dietrich, W. E. Dromart, G. Edgett, K. S. Ewing, R. C. Gellert, R. Hurowitz, J. A. Kocurek, G. Mahaffy, P. McBride, M. J. McLennan, S. M. Mischna, M. Ming, D. Milliken, R. Newsom, H. Oehler, D. Parker, T. J. Vaniman, D. Wiens, R. C. Wilson, S. A. TI Deposition, exhumation, and paleoclimate of an ancient lake deposit, Gale crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARLY MARTIAN CLIMATE; ALLUVIAL ARCHITECTURE; POINT-BAR; EVOLUTION; CANADA; RIVER; ATMOSPHERE; CURIOSITY; SEDIMENT; DELTAS AB The landforms of northern Gale crater on Mars expose thick sequences of sedimentary rocks. Based on images obtained by the Curiosity rover, we interpret these outcrops as evidence for past fluvial, deltaic, and lacustrine environments. Degradation of the crater wall and rim probably supplied these sediments, which advanced inward from the wall, infilling both the crater and an internal lake basin to a thickness of at least 75 meters. This intracrater lake system probably existed intermittently for thousands to millions of years, implying a relatively wet climate that supplied moisture to the crater rim and transported sediment via streams into the lake basin. The deposits in Gale crater were then exhumed, probably by wind-driven erosion, creating Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp). C1 [Grotzinger, J. P.; Siebach, K.; Fischer, W. F.; Griffes, J.; Lamb, M. P.; Palucis, M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gupta, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Malin, M. C.; Edgett, K. S.; McBride, M. J.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Rubin, D. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Schieber, J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stack, K. M.; Vasavada, A. R.; Calef, F., III; Blaney, D.; Crisp, J.; Mischna, M.; Parker, T. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Edgar, L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Grant, J. A.; Wilson, S. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Kah, L. C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lewis, K. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mangold, N.] Le Ctr Natl Rech, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, Unite Mixte Rech 6112, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Mangold, N.] Univ Nantes, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Minitti, M. E.; Williams, R. M. E.; Yingst, R. A.; Vaniman, D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Rice, M.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Blake, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Conrad, P.; Mahaffy, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dietrich, W. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dromart, G.] Univ Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Ewing, R. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hurowitz, J. A.; McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kocurek, G.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ming, D.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Milliken, R.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Newsom, H.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Oehler, D.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, LZ Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Remote Sensing, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Grotzinger, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016; OI Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416; Siebach, Kirsten/0000-0002-6628-6297 FU UK Space Agency FX The authors are indebted to the MSL project's engineering and management teams for their exceptionally skilled and diligent efforts in making the mission as effective as possible and enhancing science operations. We are also grateful to all those MSL team members who participated in tactical and strategic operations. Without the support of both the engineering and science teams, the data presented here could not have been collected. Helpful reviews were provided by K. Bohacs and two anonymous reviewers. Some of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Work in the UK was funded by the UK Space Agency. Data presented in this paper are archived in the Planetary Data System (pds.nasa.gov). NR 77 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 11 U2 80 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 9 PY 2015 VL 350 IS 6257 AR AAC7575 DI 10.1126/science.aac7575 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CS9JB UT WOS:000362405600029 PM 26450214 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP DiFilippo, EL AF Eganhouse, Robert P. DiFilippo, Erica L. TI Determination of 1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyllbenzene and related compounds in marine pore water by automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using disposable optical fiber SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Solid-phase microextraction; SPME; DDT; Pore water; Marine sediments; Thermal desorption ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; PASSIVE SAMPLING METHODS; FREELY DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS; PALOS-VERDES MARGIN; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; POREWATER CONCENTRATIONS; TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS; HYDROPHOBIC CHEMICALS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AB A method is described for determination of ten DDT-related compounds in marine pore water based on equilibrium solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using commercial polydimethylsiloxane-coated optical fiber with analysis by automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). Thermally cleaned fiber was directly exposed to sediments and allowed to reach equilibrium under static conditions at the in situ field temperature. Following removal, fibers were rinsed, dried and cut into appropriate lengths for storage in leak-tight containers at -20 degrees C. Analysis by TD-GC/MS under full scan (FS) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) modes was then performed. Pore-water method detection limits in FS and SIM modes were estimated at 0.05-2.4 ng/L and 0.7-16 pg/L, respectively. Precision of the method, including contributions from fiber handling, was less than 10%. Analysis of independently prepared solutions containing eight DDT compounds yielded concentrations that were within 6.9 5.5% and 0.1 14% of the actual concentrations in FS and SIM modes, respectively. The use of optical fiber with automated analysis allows for studies at high temporal and/or spatial resolution as well as for monitoring programs over large spatial and/or long temporal scales with adequate sample replication. This greatly enhances the flexibility of the technique and improves the ability to meet quality control objectives at significantly lower cost. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eganhouse, Robert P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [DiFilippo, Erica L.] SS Papadopulos & Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Eganhouse, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eganhous@usgs.gov; ericad@sspa.com FU USEPA [DW-14-95575301]; USGS [DW-14-95575301] FX This work was supported by an interagency agreement (#DW-14-95575301) between the USEPA and the USGS. C. White and J. Huang (USEPA) provided essential project management as well as moral support and flexibility during the course of this investigation. We appreciate the technical advice offered by J. Whitecavage, and J. Stuff (Gerstel, Inc.) and sample fibers provided by M.T.O. Jonker (IRAS, Utrecht University) and FiberguideSM. Shipboard assistance by P. Dickhudt, B. Edwards, T. Elfers, P. Dal Ferro, T. Lerch, B. Orem, C. Sherwood (USGS), Captain R. Vullo, D. Cole (Scripps Institution of Oceanography/University of California, San Diego), J. Gully, and T. Parker (Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts) made sample acquisition possible. We thank M. Land (USGS) for logistical coordination, and J. Pontolillo (USGS) for general assistance and review of an early draft. K. Haase, M. Hladik, B. Orem (USGS), J. Whitecavage and E. Pfannkoch (Gerstel, Inc.) and two anonymous reviewers also reviewed an early draft. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 9 PY 2015 VL 1415 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.060 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CS1YQ UT WOS:000361865200005 PM 26346188 ER PT J AU Gold, RD Reitman, NG Briggs, RW Barnhart, WD Hayes, GP Wilson, E AF Gold, Ryan D. Reitman, Nadine G. Briggs, Richard W. Barnhart, William D. Hayes, Gavin P. Wilson, Earl TI On- and off-fault deformation associated with the September 2013 M-w 7.7 Balochistan earthquake: Implications for geologic slip rate measurements SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Surface rupture; Strike slip fault; Coseismic displacement; On-fault deformation; Off-fault deformation ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SURFACE COSEISMIC SLIP; BORAH PEAK EARTHQUAKE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE; ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; RUPTURE LENGTH; SEISMIC-HAZARD; CENTRAL IDAHO AB The 24 September 201311/M(w)7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake ruptured a similar to 200 km-long stretch of the Hoshab fault in southern Pakistan and produced the second-largest lateral surface displacement observed for a continental strike-slip earthquake. We remotely measured surface deformation associated with this event using high-resolution (0.5 m) pre- and post-event satellite optical imagery. We document left lateral, near-field, on-fault offsets (10 m from fault) using 309 laterally offset piercing points, such as streams, terrace risers, and roads. Peak near-field displacement is 13.6 (+25)/(-3.4)m. We characterize off-fault deformation by measuring medium(<350 m from fault) and far-field (>350 m from fault) displacement usingrnanual (259 measurements) and automated image cross-correlation methods, respectively. Off-fault peak lateral displacement values are similar to 15 m and exceed on-fault displacement magnitudes for similar to 85% of the rupture length. Our observations suggest that for this rupture, coseismic surface displacement typically increases with distance away from the surface trace of the fault; however, nearly 100% of total surface displacement occurs within a few hundred meters of the primary fault trace. Furthermore, off-fault displacement accounts for, on average, 28% of the total displacement but exhibits a highly heterogeneous along-strike pattern. The best agreement between near-field and far-field displacements generally corresponds to the narrowest fault zone widths. Our analysis demonstrates significant and heterogeneous mismatches between on- and off-fault coseismic deformation, and we conclude that this phenomenon should be considered in hazard models based on geologically determined on-fault slip rates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gold, Ryan D.; Reitman, Nadine G.; Briggs, Richard W.; Barnhart, William D.; Hayes, Gavin P.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Barnhart, William D.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wilson, Earl] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gold, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rgold@usgs.gov OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program FX This article benefitted from constructive comments by Editor Evgueni Burov,reviewers Mike Oskin and Christopher DuRoss, and an anonymous reviewer. We acknowledge the (c) 2015 Digital Globe/NextView licensing agreement, through which we accessed the pre- and post-event WorldView 1 and 2 imagery used in this study. The U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program supported this work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 7 PY 2015 VL 660 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.019 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CX0CK UT WOS:000365364300005 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Serra, K Joyner, TA Humphries, A AF La Peyre, Megan K. Serra, Kayla Joyner, T. Andrew Humphries, Austin TI Assessing shoreline exposure and oyster habitat suitability maximizes potential success for sustainable shoreline protection using restored oyster reefs SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Natural breakwaters; Gulf of Mexico; Ecosystem services; Living shoreline; Coastal protection; Wave attenuation; Marsh; Crassostrea virginica ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; INTERTIDAL FLAT; INDEX MODEL; RESTORATION; LOUISIANA; MARSH; BAY; ENHANCEMENT; BARATARIA; GROWTH AB Oyster reefs provide valuable ecosystem services that contribute to coastal resilience. Unfortunately, many reefs have been degraded or removed completely, and there are increased efforts to restore oysters in many coastal areas. In particular, much attention has recently been given to the restoration of shellfish reefs along eroding shorelines to reduce erosion. Such fringing reef approaches, however, often lack empirical data to identify locations where reefs are most effective in reducing marsh erosion, or fully take into account habitat suitability. Using monitoring data from 5 separate fringing reef projects across coastal Louisiana, we quantify shoreline exposure (fetch + wind direction + wind speed) and reef impacts on shoreline retreat. Our results indicate that fringing oyster reefs have a higher impact on shoreline retreat at higher exposure shorelines. At higher exposures, fringing reefs reduced marsh edge erosion an average of 1.0 m y(-1). Using these data, we identify ranges of shoreline exposure values where oyster reefs are most effective at reducing marsh edge erosion and apply this knowledge to a case study within one Louisiana estuary. In Breton Sound estuary, we calculate shoreline exposure at 500 random points and then overlay a habitat suitability index for oysters. This method and the resulting visualization show areas most likely to support sustainable oyster populations as well as significantly reduce shoreline erosion. Our results demonstrate how site selection criteria, which include shoreline exposure and habitat suitability, are critical to ensuring greater positive impacts and longevity of oyster reef restoration projects. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. [Serra, Kayla; Joyner, T. Andrew] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Geosci, Geospatial Explorat Lab, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Humphries, Austin] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU Nature Conservancy of Louisiana; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; US Geological Survey's Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit; Department of Geosciences at East Tennessee State University FX Data used was made possible through support from The Nature Conservancy of Louisiana through grants to monitor multiple oyster reef restoration projects (Vermilion Bay, Lake Eloi, Lake Fortuna, Grand Isle), and to complete meta-data analyses from these projects. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries supported the project at Sister Lake, and provides support through the US Geological Survey's Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit. Additional travel funding was provided by the Penn Virginia-Westmoreland Summer Scholarship from the Department of Geosciences at East Tennessee State University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 42 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD OCT 6 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e1317 DI 10.7717/peerj.1317 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5RO UT WOS:000364329000009 PM 26500825 ER PT J AU Jiang, CJ Aiken, GR Hsu-Kim, H AF Jiang, Chuanjia Aiken, George R. Hsu-Kim, Heileen TI Effects of Natural Organic Matter Properties on the Dissolution Kinetics of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ION RELEASE KINETICS; ZNO NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; FULVIC-ACIDS; METAL-IONS AB The dissolution of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) is a key step of controlling their environmental fate, bioavailability, and toxicity. Rates of dissolution often depend upon factors such as interactions of NPs with natural organic matter (NOM). We examined the effects of 16 different NOM isolates on the dissolution kinetics of ZnO NPs in buffered potassium chloride solution using anodic stripping voltammetry to directly measure dissolved zinc concentrations. The observed dissolution rate constants (k(obs)) and dissolved zinc concentrations at equilibrium increased linearly with NOM concentration (from 0 to 40 mg C L-1) for Suwannee River humic and fulvic acids and Pony Lake fulvic acid. When dissolution rates were compared for the 16 NOM isolates, k(obs) was positively correlated with certain properties of NOM, including specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), aromatic and carbonyl carbon contents, and molecular weight. Dissolution rate constants were negatively correlated to hydrogen/carbon ratio and aliphatic carbon content. The observed correlations indicate that aromatic carbon content is a key factor in determining the rate of NOM-promoted dissolution of ZnO NPs. The findings of this study facilitate a better understanding of the fate of ZnO NPs in organic-rich aquatic environments and highlight SUVA as a facile and useful indicator of NOM interactions with metal-based nanoparticles. C1 [Jiang, Chuanjia; Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hsu-Kim, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM hsukim@duke.edu RI Jiang, Chuanjia/C-9398-2014; Hsu-Kim, Heileen/A-5409-2008 OI Jiang, Chuanjia/0000-0003-2637-5508; Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-1066781]; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nano-Technology (CEINT) - NSF; U.S. EPA [EF-0830093]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs FX We thank Xiaoyan Cao at Old Dominion University for assistance with NMR analysis of some NOM samples. The work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET-1066781). Additional support was provided by the Center for the Environmental Implications of Nano-Technology (CEINT), funded by the NSF and the U.S. EPA (EF-0830093), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 23 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 6 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 19 BP 11476 EP 11484 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02406 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT2JZ UT WOS:000362629100026 PM 26355264 ER PT J AU Briggs, KB Hartmann, VA Yeager, KM Shivarudrappa, S Diaz, RJ Osterman, LE Reed, AH AF Briggs, Kevin B. Hartmann, Valerie A. Yeager, Kevin M. Shivarudrappa, S. Diaz, Robert J. Osterman, Lisa E. Reed, Allen H. TI Influence of hypoxia on biogenic structure in sediments on the Louisiana continental shelf SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; Macrobenthos; Computed tomography; Burrows; Bioturbation; Polychaete; Bivalve ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COMPUTER-AIDED TOMOGRAPHY; SABINE-NECHES ESTUARY; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; BURROWING INVERTEBRATES; COASTAL WATERS; MACROFAUNA; RECOVERY AB As part of a study of the effects of seasonal hypoxia on sediment properties, samples were collected during the spring and late summer of 2009 from four sites of similar sediment type and water depth (30 -39 m), but different recent history of bottom water oxygen concentration on the continental shelf of Louisiana. Sediment profile imaging (SPI), box coring, X-radiography, and computed tomography (CT) imaging were employed to characterize the biogenic structural differences in surficial sediments among a normoxic control site and three sites subjected to hypoxic events varying in frequency of occurrence. Results of the CT imagery indicated that macrobenthic biogenic structures were the most numerous at the H7 site that had experienced the least hypoxia in the past 23 years. The E4 site that had experienced hypoxia seasonally with a frequency between 50% and 75% of the time had the fewest biogenic structures in spring 2009, but exhibited recovery in terms of their abundance and diameter in summer 2009. E4 also exhibited high rates of bioturbation during the late-summer sampling as determined from excess Th-234. This suggests that the macrobenthos community at this site was in an active phase of recovery from hypoxia. At the A6 site, exposed to hypoxia with an annual frequency >= 75%, biogenic structures were numerous but dimensionally small, correlating with the average individual size of macrobenthos found there. The total volume maxima occupied by biogenic structures in the sediment occurred below the uppermost sediment intervals, with the exception of the spring sample from the D5 site that experienced hypoxia between 25% and 50% of the time. CT-imagery indicating effects of seasonal hypoxia on biogenic structure in the top 10 cm of sediments detected more structures than SPI, X-radiographic imagery, or macrobenthos census data. The presence of relict burrows probably inflated estimates of biogenic structures in the subcores, rendering an integrated result that included creation, destruction, and preservation of burrows and voids over time. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Briggs, Kevin B.; Reed, Allen H.] Naval Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hartmann, Valerie A.] Naval Oceanog Off, Hydrog Mission Readiness Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Yeager, Kevin M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Shivarudrappa, S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Diaz, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Osterman, Lisa E.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Briggs, KB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kevin.briggs@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX We would like to thank M. Richardson, J. Watkins, J. Dale, M. Spearman, S. Epps, S.K. Sturdivant, R. Devereux, J. Scott, and C. Reynolds for their assistance with the field work on the two cruises. D. Menke, C. Rakocinski, R. Heard, S. LeCroy, G. Gaston, J. McLelland, and J. Blake provided invaluable taxonomic assistance and H. Plavnick, M. Bracey, A. Tootle and A. Eubanks assisted with the laboratory work. Our special thanks go to Nancy Rabalais for providing the bottom 02 data and especially to the captain and crew of the R/V Pelican for their assistance and professionalism. Thanks to two anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions on the original manuscript. The Office of Naval Research provided support for this research. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 164 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.07.019 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA5SI UT WOS:000367862400017 ER PT J AU Goettsch, B Hilton-Taylor, C Cruz-Pinon, G Duffy, JP Frances, A Hernandez, HM Inger, R Pollock, C Schipper, J Superina, M Taylor, NP Tognelli, M Abba, AM Arias, S Arreola-Nava, HJ Baker, MA Barcenas, RT Barrios, D Braun, P Butterworth, CA Burquez, A Caceres, F Chazaro-Basanez, M Corral-Diaz, R Perea, MD Demaio, PH de Barros, WAD Duran, R Yancas, LF Felger, RS Fitz-Maurice, B Fitz-Maurice, WA Gann, G Gomez-Hinostrosa, C Gonzales-Torres, LR Griffith, MP Guerrero, PC Hammel, B Heil, KD Hernandez-Oria, JG Hoffmann, M Ishihara, MI Kiesling, R Larocca, J Leon-de la Luz, JL Loaiza, CR Lowry, M Machado, MC Majure, LC Avalos, JGM Martorell, C Maschinski, J Mendez, E Mittermeier, RA Nassar, JM Negron-Ortiz, V Oakley, LJ Ortega-Baes, P Ferreira, ABP Pinkava, DJ Porter, JM Puente-Martinez, R Gamarra, JR Perez, PS Martinez, ES Smith, M Sotomayor, JM Stuart, SN Munoz, JLT Terrazas, T Terry, M Trevisson, M Valverde, T Van Devender, TR Veliz-Perez, ME Walter, HE Wyatt, SA Zappi, D Zavala-Hurtado, JA Gaston, KJ AF Goettsch, Barbara Hilton-Taylor, Craig Cruz-Pinon, Gabriela Duffy, James P. Frances, Anne Hernandez, Hector M. Inger, Richard Pollock, Caroline Schipper, Jan Superina, Mariella Taylor, Nigel P. Tognelli, Marcelo Abba, Agustn M. Arias, Salvador Arreola-Nava, Hilda J. Baker, Marc A. Barcenas, Rolando T. Barrios, Duniel Braun, Pierre Butterworth, Charles A. Burquez, Alberto Caceres, Fatima Chazaro-Basanez, Miguel Corral-Diaz, Rafael del Valle Perea, Mario Demaio, Pablo H. Duarte de Barros, Williams A. Duran, Rafael Faundez Yancas, Luis Felger, Richard S. Fitz-Maurice, Betty Fitz-Maurice, Walter A. Gann, George Gomez-Hinostrosa, Carlos Gonzales-Torres, Luis R. Griffith, M. Patrick Guerrero, Pablo C. Hammel, Barry Heil, Kenneth D. Guadalupe Hernandez-Oria, Jose Hoffmann, Michael Ishihara, Mario Ishiki Kiesling, Roberto Larocca, Joao Luis Leon-de la Luz, Jose Loaiza S, Christian R. Lowry, Martin Machado, Marlon C. Majure, Lucas C. Martinez Avalos, Jose Guadalupe Martorell, Carlos Maschinski, Joyce Mendez, Eduardo Mittermeier, Russell A. Nassar, Jafet M. Negron-Ortiz, Vivian Oakley, Luis J. Ortega-Baes, Pablo Ferreira, Ana Beatriz Pin Pinkava, Donald J. Porter, J. Mark Puente-Martinez, Raul Roque Gamarra, Jose Saldivia Perez, Patricio Sanchez Martinez, Emiliano Smith, Martin Sotomayor M. del C, J. Manuel Stuart, Simon N. Tapia Munoz, Jose Luis Terrazas, Teresa Terry, Martin Trevisson, Marcelo Valverde, Teresa Van Devender, Thomas R. Esteban Veliz-Perez, Mario Walter, Helmut E. Wyatt, Sarah A. Zappi, Daniela Alejandro Zavala-Hurtado, J. Gaston, Kevin J. TI High proportion of cactus species threatened with extinction SO NATURE PLANTS LA English DT Article ID PLANT CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; MAMMALS AB A high proportion of plant species is predicted to be threatened with extinction in the near future. However, the threat status of only a small number has been evaluated compared with key animal groups, rendering the magnitude and nature of the risks plants face unclear. Here we report the results of a global species assessment for the largest plant taxon evaluated to date under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, the iconic Cactaceae (cacti). We show that cacti are among the most threatened taxonomic groups assessed to date, with 31% of the 1,478 evaluated species threatened, demonstrating the high anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity in arid lands. The distribution of threatened species and the predominant threatening processes and drivers are different to those described for other taxa. The most significant threat processes comprise land conversion to agriculture and aquaculture, collection as biological resources, and residential and commercial development. The dominant drivers of extinction risk are the unscrupulous collection of live plants and seeds for horticultural trade and private ornamental collections, smallholder livestock ranching and smallholder annual agriculture. Our findings demonstrate that global species assessments are readily achievable for major groups of plants with relatively moderate resources, and highlight different conservation priorities and actions to those derived from species assessments of key animal groups. C1 [Goettsch, Barbara; Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Pollock, Caroline] Int Union Conservat Nat, Global Species Programme, Cambridge CB3 0AX, England. [Cruz-Pinon, Gabriela] Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Dept Acad Biol Marina, La Paz 23080, BCS, Mexico. [Duffy, James P.; Inger, Richard; Gaston, Kevin J.] Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England. [Frances, Anne] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Hernandez, Hector M.; Gomez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Terrazas, Teresa] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Schipper, Jan; Valverde, Teresa] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Schipper, Jan] Phoenix Zoo, Conservat & Sci Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. [Superina, Mariella] CCT CONICET Mendoza, IMBECU, Lab Endocrinol Fauna Silvestre, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Taylor, Nigel P.] Singapore Bot Gardens & Natl Pk Board, Singapore 259569, Singapore. [Tognelli, Marcelo] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Int Union Conservat Nat Conservat Int, Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Abba, Agustn M.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, UNLP, Div Zool Vertebrados, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Arias, Salvador] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Jardin Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Arreola-Nava, Hilda J.] Univ Guadalajara, Inst Bot, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agr, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. [Baker, Marc A.; Butterworth, Charles A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Barcenas, Rolando T.] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Ciencias Nat, Lab Genet Mol & Ecol Evolut, Queretaro 76140, Mexico. [Barrios, Duniel] Univ La Habana, Jardin Bot Nacl, Havana, Cuba. [Burquez, Alberto] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Hermosillo, Inst Ecol, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Caceres, Fatima] Univ Nacl San Agustin, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol, Herbarium Arequipense HUSA, Arequipa, Peru. [Chazaro-Basanez, Miguel] Zona Univ, Univ Veracruzana, Fac Biol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Corral-Diaz, Rafael] Environm Consulting & Serv, LLC, Pulsar Grp, El Paso, TX 79912 USA. [del Valle Perea, Mario] UNCA, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, San Fernando Del Valle D, Argentina. [Demaio, Pablo H.] IUCN, Specialist Grp, Temperate South Amer Plants, RA-5111 Cordoba, Argentina. [Duarte de Barros, Williams A.] Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Herbario MVM, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay. [Duran, Rafael; Tapia Munoz, Jose Luis] Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. [Faundez Yancas, Luis] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agron, Santiago, Chile. [Faundez Yancas, Luis; Saldivia Perez, Patricio] Gest & Consultorias Ambient Ltda, BIOTA, Santiago, Chile. [Felger, Richard S.] Univ Arizona, Herbarium, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gann, George] Inst Reg Conservat, Delray Beach, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gonzales-Torres, Luis R.] Cuban Bot Soc, Havana 10900, Cuba. [Griffith, M. Patrick] Montgomery Bot Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Guerrero, Pablo C.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Bot, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. [Guerrero, Pablo C.] Univ Chile, Inst Ecol & Biodiversidad, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Santiago 7800024, Chile. [Hammel, Barry] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 23166 USA. [Heil, Kenneth D.] San Juan Coll, Farmington, NM 87402 USA. [Guadalupe Hernandez-Oria, Jose] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Lab Ecofisiol Trop, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Hoffmann, Michael; Stuart, Simon N.] Int Union Conservat Nat, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Hoffmann, Michael; Stuart, Simon N.] World Conservat Monitoring Ctr, United Nations Environm Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Ishihara, Mario Ishiki] Colegio La Frontera Sur ECOSUR, San Cristobal de las Casa 29290, Chiapas, Mexico. [Kiesling, Roberto] IADIZA CONICET, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Larocca, Joao] Fundacao Gaia Estrada Capao Fonte, BR-96690000 Grande, RS, Brazil. [Luis Leon-de la Luz, Jose] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, Herbarium HCIB, La Paz 23000, Baja California, Mexico. [Loaiza S, Christian R.] Nucleo Loja, Secc Ciencias Nat & Ecol, Casa Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamin Carrion, Loja, Ecuador. [Lowry, Martin] Int Org Succulent Plant Study, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England. [Machado, Marlon C.] Univ Estadual Feira De Santana, Herbario HUEFS, BR-44036900 Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil. [Majure, Lucas C.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Majure, Lucas C.; Pinkava, Donald J.; Puente-Martinez, Raul] Desert Bot Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85281 USA. [Martinez Avalos, Jose Guadalupe] Univ Autonoma Tamaulipas, Inst Ecol Aplicada, Victoria 87019, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Martorell, Carlos] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Maschinski, Joyce] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Kushlan Trop Sci Inst, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Mendez, Eduardo] MENDOZA, CONICET, CCT, IADIZA,Bot & Fitosociol, Mendoza, Argentina. [Mittermeier, Russell A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Nassar, Jafet M.] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Altos De Pipe, Miranda, Venezuela. [Negron-Ortiz, Vivian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Negron-Ortiz, Vivian] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Oakley, Luis J.] UNR, Fac Ciencias Agr, Zavalla, Argentina. [Ortega-Baes, Pablo] Univ Nacl Salta CONICET, Fac Ciencias Nat, LABIBO, RA-4400 Salta, Argentina. [Ferreira, Ana Beatriz Pin] Asociac Etnobot Paraguaya, Asuncion, Paraguay. [Porter, J. Mark] Rancho Santa Ana Bot Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Roque Gamarra, Jose] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Ciencias Biol, Museo Hist Nat, Lima 14, Peru. [Sanchez Martinez, Emiliano] Consejo Ciencia & Tecnol Estado Queretaro, Jardin Bot Reg Cadereyta Ing Manuel Gonzalez De C, Cadereyta De Montes 76500, Queretaro, Mexico. [Stuart, Simon N.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Stuart, Simon N.] Al Ain Zoo, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Terry, Martin] Sul Ross State Univ, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. [Trevisson, Marcelo] ISAUI, Cordoba, Argentina. [Van Devender, Thomas R.] Sky Isl Alliance Inc, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA. [Esteban Veliz-Perez, Mario] Univ San Carlos, Fac CC QQ & Farm, Escuela Biol, Herbario BIGU, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Walter, Helmut E.] EXSIS Project Cactaceae Exsitu & Insitu Conservat, Buin, Chile. [Wyatt, Sarah A.] Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Zappi, Daniela] Royal Bot Gardens, HLAA, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Alejandro Zavala-Hurtado, J.] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Dept Biol, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. RP Goettsch, B (reprint author), Int Union Conservat Nat, Global Species Programme, Sheraton House,Castle Pk, Cambridge CB3 0AX, England. EM barbara.goettsch@iucn.org; k.j.gaston@exeter.ac.uk RI Guerrero, Pablo/J-4296-2012; Martorell, Carlos/A-2265-2008; Inger, Richard/D-3445-2009; OI Guerrero, Pablo/0000-0003-1034-1899; Inger, Richard/0000-0003-1660-3706; Roque, Jose/0000-0001-6840-6603; Tognelli, Marcelo/0000-0002-9761-4505 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [0000000000118202] FX In memory of Betty Fitz-Maurice and Eduardo Mendez. We are grateful to the University of Sheffield and the University of Exeter for housing the Global Cactus Assessment (GCA); for the institutional support of IUCN, in particular staff of the Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission and the IUCN SSC Cactus and Succulent Specialist Group and the office of the Chair of IUCN SSC which made available valuable resources, via the Environment Agency of Abu Dhabi, at a critical juncture in the project; to the donors and hosts who made the eight GCA workshops possible as well as the individuals (in parentheses) who helped with the organization and logistics-Mexico's Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas, Comision Nacional para Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (S. Cariaga and A. Lopez) and Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, Conservation International, the North of England Zoological Society, Jardin Botanico Regional de Cadereyta (E. Sanchez and M. Magdalena Hernandez Martinez), Desert Botanical Garden (C. Butterworth), the Cactus and Succulent Society of America, Jardin Exotique de Monaco (J.-M. Solichon), the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Conservation International-Brazil, Instituto Chico Mendes, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Aridas (R. Kiesling and M. Superina), The Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, Instituto de Ecologia y Biodiversidad project P05-002 ICM, Universidad de Chile (P. Guerrero), Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden (J. Maschinski), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Laboratorio de Cactologia at the Insituto de Biologia UNAM (H. Hernandez and C. Gomez-Hinostrosa) and Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund; and to G. Charles, P. Hoxey, J. A. Hawkins, C. Yesson and Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zurich who provided point locality data. B.G. was partially funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia grant 0000000000118202. We are indebted to the hard work put in by volunteers P. Duran, E. Hounslow, R. Lee, C. Malone, C. F. Rose, K. Watt and S. Willhoit; to L. Bacigalupe and J. Bennie for assistance with analyses; and to M. L. Avila-Jimenez, J. Bennie, M. G. Gaston, S. Gaston and five anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 12 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2055-026X EI 2055-0278 J9 NAT PLANTS JI Nat. Plants PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 1 IS 10 AR 15142 DI 10.1038/NPLANTS.2015.142 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CV6XI UT WOS:000364414800003 PM 27251394 ER PT J AU Assal, TJ Anderson, PJ Sibold, J AF Assal, Timothy J. Anderson, Patrick J. Sibold, Jason TI Mapping forest functional type in a forest-shrubland ecotone using SPOT imagery and predictive habitat distribution modelling SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COVER; LANDSCAPE; BASIN; USA AB The availability of land cover data at local scales is an important component in forest management and monitoring efforts. Regional land cover data seldom provide detailed information needed to support local management needs. Here we present a transferable framework to model forest cover by major plant functional type using aerial photos, multi-date Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) imagery, and topographic variables. We developed probability of occurrence models for deciduous broad-leaved forest and needle-leaved evergreen forest using logistic regression in the southern portion of the Wyoming Basin Ecoregion. The model outputs were combined into a synthesis map depicting deciduous and coniferous forest cover type. We evaluated the models and synthesis map using a field-validated, independent data source. Results showed strong relationships between forest cover and model variables, and the synthesis map was accurate with an overall correct classification rate of 0.87 and Cohen's kappa value of 0.81. The results suggest our method adequately captures the functional type, size, and distribution pattern of forest cover in a spatially heterogeneous landscape. C1 [Assal, Timothy J.; Anderson, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Assal, Timothy J.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sibold, Jason] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Assal, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM assalt@usgs.gov OI Assal, Timothy/0000-0001-6342-2954 FU USGS Fort Collins Science Center; Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative FX This research was supported by the USGS Fort Collins Science Center and the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT 3 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 10 BP 755 EP 764 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2015.1072289 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CQ3QZ UT WOS:000360518900003 ER PT J AU Clement, TA Murry, BA Uzarski, DG AF Clement, Thomas A. Murry, Brent A. Uzarski, Donald G. TI Fish community size structure of small lakes: the role of lake size, biodiversity and disturbance SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community size spectra; deterministic size structure; small lakes; winterkill ID SEA FISH; BODY-SIZE; SPECTRA; ECOSYSTEM; INDICATORS; ASSEMBLAGES; DIVERSITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; GRADIENTS; PREDATION AB Aquatic community body size distributions are highly predictable with decreasing abundance and increasing body size. This basic relationship has led to significant increases in our understanding of the internal regulation processes of aquatic communities. However, most of our understanding of the patterns of community size structure is derived from large aquatic systems with little known about the dynamics of small lakes. Processes that promote predictable, or deterministic, community size structure likely differ with levels of biodiversity and disturbance patterns, both of which frequently co-vary with ecosystem size. Here we examine the influence of lake size, fish species richness, and natural disturbance regime on fish community size structure in six small lakes (<200 ha) on Beaver Island, Michigan, USA. Fish communities in three of the six lakes exhibited a deterministic size structure and it appears that disturbance regime is the most obvious barrier to developing and/or maintaining stable and predictable community size structure. In this study, lakes with less than 10 species and lakes experiencing periodic winterkills exhibited stochastic size structure. Lake size did not show any clear relation to fish community size structure. Collectively our results shed some light on the conditions that promote (or do not promote) deterministic size structure. C1 [Clement, Thomas A.; Murry, Brent A.; Uzarski, Donald G.] Cent Michigan Univ, CMU Biol Stn, Inst Great Lakes Res, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Murry, Brent A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Caribbean Sci Applicat Field Off, Caribbean Landscape Conservat Cooperat, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Clement, TA (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, CMU Biol Stn, Inst Great Lakes Res, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM Cleme2ta@cmich.edu FU Central Michigan University's Faculty Research and Creative Endeavours grant FX This project was funded by Central Michigan University's Faculty Research and Creative Endeavours grant. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD OCT 2 PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 557 EP 568 DI 10.1080/02705060.2015.1030787 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV5TC UT WOS:000364333100001 ER PT J AU Spomer, SM Brewer, GJ Fritz, MI Harms, RR Klatt, KA Johns, AM Crosier, SA Palmer, JA AF Spomer, Stephen M. Brewer, Gary J. Fritz, Michael I. Harms, Robert R. Klatt, Kay A. Johns, Aimee M. Crosier, Sarah A. Palmer, Joseph A. TI Determining Optimum Soil Type and Salinity for Rearing the Federally Endangered Salt Creek Tiger Beetle, Cicindela (Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana Casey (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cicindelidae; breeding; husbandry; Endangered Species Act AB Effective rearing methods are needed to recover the federally endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle, Cicindela (Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana Casey, a subspecies that occurs exclusively in saline wetlands and seeps along Little Salt Creek in Lancaster County, Nebraska. Experiments were initiated to determine soil type and salinity concentrations appropriate for stimulating female oviposition in laboratory settings to produce larvae and/or adults for reintroduction to native habitats. In 2013, there were highly significant differences between native soil and a sand/loess soil mixture, but no differences between two salinity levels, 0.354 M and 0.5 M. In 2014, using only a sand/loess soil mixture, there were again no differences between the test salinity levels. A sand/loess soil mixture of either 0.354 M or 0.5 M salinity was determined to be optimum for egg production. C1 [Spomer, Stephen M.; Brewer, Gary J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, 103 Entomol Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Fritz, Michael I.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Harms, Robert R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wood River, NE 68883 USA. [Klatt, Kay A.] Henry Doorly Zoo, 3701 S 10th St, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. [Johns, Aimee M.] Lincoln Childrens Zoo, Lincoln, NE 68502 USA. RP Spomer, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, 103 Entomol Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sspomer1@unl.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 88 IS 4 BP 444 EP 449 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DF1MY UT WOS:000371105100005 ER PT J AU Otto, HW Wilson, JA Beever, EA AF Otto, Hans W. Wilson, James A. Beever, Erik A. TI FACING A CHANGING WORLD: THERMAL PHYSIOLOGY OF AMERICAN PIKAS (OCHOTONA PRINCEPS) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; BODY-MASS; METABOLIC-RATE; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; THERMOGENIC CAPACITY; FOOD-INTAKE; WATER-LOSS; MAMMALS; BASAL AB American pikas (Ochotona princeps) are of concern with respect to warming montane temperatures; however, little information exists regarding their physiological ability to adapt to warming temperatures. Previous studies have shown that pikas have high metabolism and low thermal conductance, which allow survival during cold winters. It has been hypothesized that these characteristics may be detrimental, given the recent warming trends observed in montane ecosystems. We examined resting metabolic rate, surface activity, and den and ambient temperatures (T-a) of pikas in late summer (August 2011 and 2012) at 2 locations in the Rocky Mountains. Resting metabolic rate was calculated to be 2.02 mL O-2 . g(-1)h(-1), with a lower critical temperature (LCT) of 28.1 +/- 0.2 degrees C. No upper critical temperature (UCT) could be determined from our data; therefore, the estimated thermoneutral zone (TNZ) was 28.1 degrees C to at least 35.0 degrees C (upper experimental temperature). Pikas in this study showed the same bimodal above-talus activity patterns reported in previous studies. Den temperatures in Colorado were correlated with, but consistently lower than, current ambient temperatures. Wyoming den temperatures showed a weak correlation with T-a 20 min prior to the current den temperature. This study is one of few to present data on the physiological response pikas may have to current warming conditions, and the first to perform metabolic measurements in situ. Our data support conclusions of previous studies, specifically MacArthur and Wang (1973, 1974) and Smith (1974), which indicated American pikas may not have the physiological ability to cope with high T-a. Our results also highlight the importance of shaded regions below the talus rocks for behavioral thermoregulation by pikas. C1 [Otto, Hans W.; Wilson, James A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Allwine Hall 114,6001 Dodge St, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Wilson, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Allwine Hall 114,6001 Dodge St, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM jameswilson@unomaha.edu NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 31 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2015 VL 75 IS 4 BP 429 EP 445 DI 10.3398/064.075.0402 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NP UT WOS:000370893100004 ER PT J AU Simes, MT Longshore, KM Nussear, KE Beatty, GL Brown, DE Esque, TC AF Simes, Matthew T. Longshore, Kathleen M. Nussear, Kenneth E. Beatty, Greg L. Brown, David E. Esque, Todd C. TI BLACK-TAILED AND WHITE-TAILED JACKRABBITS IN THE AMERICAN WEST: HISTORY, ECOLOGY, ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, AND SURVEY METHODS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LEPUS-CALIFORNICUS; JACK RABBITS; GOLDEN EAGLES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; GREAT-BASIN; POPULATION-DENSITY; MOJAVE DESERT; FOOD-HABITS; SUBSIDIZED PREDATORS; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO AB Across the western United States, Leporidae are the most important prey item in the diet of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Leporids inhabiting the western United States include black-tailed (Lepus californicus) and white-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus townsendii) and various species of cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus spp.). Jackrabbits (Lepus spp.) are particularly important components of the ecological and economic landscape of western North America because their abundance influences the reproductive success and population trends of predators such as coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and a number of raptor species. Here, we review literature pertaining to black-tailed and white-tailed jackrabbits comprising over 170 published journal articles, notes, technical reports, conference proceedings, academic theses and dissertations, and other sources dating from the late 19th century to the present. Our goal is to present information to assist those in research and management, particularly with regard to protected raptor species (e.g., Golden Eagles), mammalian predators, and ecological monitoring. We classified literature sources as (1) general information on jackrabbit species, (2) black-tailed or (3) white-tailed jackrabbit ecology and natural history, or (4) survey methods. These categories, especially 2, 3, and 4, were further subdivided as appropriate. The review also produced several tables on population trends, food habits, densities within various habitats, and jackrabbit growth and development. Black-tailed and white-tailed jackrabbits are ecologically similar in general behaviors, use of forms, parasites, and food habits, and they are prey to similar predators; but they differ in their preferred habitats. While the black-tailed jackrabbit inhabits agricultural land, deserts, and shrublands, the white-tailed jackrabbit is associated with prairies, alpine tundra, and sagebrush-steppe. Frequently considered abundant, jackrabbit numbers in western North America fluctuate temporally and spatially. We also reviewed methods used to investigate jackrabbit populations, including spotlight line transects, flushing transects, drive counts, pellet plot counts, collections, roadside counts, mark-recapture studies, and radio-telemetry studies. Our review of jackrabbit literature illustrates a number of deficiencies in our understanding of jackrabbits in general. As an example, a detailed quantitative description of habitat preferences is lacking, as is a thorough understanding of sympatric jackrabbit species interactions. Even the existence of the oft-cited jackrabbit "cycle" is a matter of debate. Survey methods generally do not address efficacy or accuracy in measuring jackrabbit density or abundance. In addition, there is a paucity of information about jackrabbits in the Mojave Desert, with no real understanding of home ranges, habitat preferences, and population dynamics or demographics in this region. C1 [Simes, Matthew T.; Longshore, Kathleen M.; Nussear, Kenneth E.; Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Beatty, Greg L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85201 USA. [Brown, David E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Simes, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM msimes@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding and logistical support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank Jessi L. Brown, University of Nevada, Reno, as well as 2 anonymous reviewers for improving our manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 205 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 39 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2015 VL 75 IS 4 BP 491 EP 519 DI 10.3398/064.075.0406 PG 29 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NP UT WOS:000370893100008 ER PT J AU Butterfield, BJ Wood, TE AF Butterfield, Bradley J. Wood, Troy E. TI Local climate and cultivation, but not ploidy, predict functional trait variation in Bouteloua gracilis (Poaceae) SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Functional trait; Local adaptation; Seed increase; Seed transfer ID SEED ZONES; ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS; GENETIC-VARIATION; TREE POPULATIONS; UNITED-STATES; PLANT TRAITS; RESTORATION; RESPONSES; ADAPTATION; WORLDWIDE AB Efforts to improve the diversity of seed resources for important restoration species has become a high priority for land managers in many parts of the world. Relationships between functional trait values and the environment from which seed sources are collected can provide important insights into patterns of local adaptation and guidelines for seed transfer. However, little is known about which functional traits exhibit genetic differentiation across populations of restoration species and thus may contribute to local adaptation. Here, we report the results of a common garden experiment aimed at assessing genetic (including ploidy level) and environmental regulation of several functional traits among populations of Bouteloua gracilis, a dominant C4 grass and the most highly utilized restoration species across much of the Colorado Plateau. We found that leaf size and specific leaf area (SLA) varied significantly among populations, and were strongly correlated with the source population environment from which seeds were collected. However, variation in ploidy level had no significant effect on functional traits. Leaves of plants grown from commercial seed releases were significantly larger and had lower SLA than those from natural populations, a result that is concordant with the overall relation between climate and these two functional traits. We suggest that the patterns of functional trait variation shown here may extend to other grass species in the western USA, and may serve as useful proxies for more extensive genecology research. Furthermore, we argue that care should be taken to develop commercial seed lines with functional trait values that match those of natural populations occupying climates similar to target restoration sites. C1 [Butterfield, Bradley J.; Wood, Troy E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci & Merriam Powell, Environm Res Ctr, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Wood, Troy E.] United States Geol Survey, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Butterfield, BJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci & Merriam Powell, Environm Res Ctr, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM bjbutterfield@gmail.com FU US Bureau of Land Management Colorado Plateau Native Plants Program FX We thank Stewart Sanderson for conducting the flow cytometry analyses, and Rachel Ostlund for assisting with field work. This research was supported by the US Bureau of Land Management Colorado Plateau Native Plants Program, and was facilitated by Arboretum at Flagstaff and the Southwest Experimental Garden Array (SEGA) of Northern Arizona University. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 216 IS 10 BP 1341 EP 1349 DI 10.1007/s11258-015-0510-8 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DC7JK UT WOS:000369395800001 ER PT J AU Doyle, JM Gleeson, T Manning, AH Mayer, KU AF Doyle, Jessica M. Gleeson, Tom Manning, Andrew H. Mayer, K. Ulrich TI Using noble gas tracers to constrain a groundwater flow model with recharge elevations: A novel approach for mountainous terrain SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; FRONT RECHARGE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; REGIONAL AQUIFERS; WATER; HE-3; PALEOTEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; TRITIUM; BASIN AB Environmental tracers provide information on groundwater age, recharge conditions, and flow processes which can be helpful for evaluating groundwater sustainability and vulnerability. Dissolved noble gas data have proven particularly useful in mountainous terrain because they can be used to determine recharge elevation. However, tracer-derived recharge elevations have not been utilized as calibration targets for numerical groundwater flow models. Herein, we constrain and calibrate a regional groundwater flow model with noble-gas-derived recharge elevations for the first time. Tritium and noble gas tracer results improved the site conceptual model by identifying a previously uncertain contribution of mountain block recharge from the Coast Mountains to an alluvial coastal aquifer in humid southwestern British Columbia. The revised conceptual model was integrated into a three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model and calibrated to hydraulic head data in addition to recharge elevations estimated from noble gas recharge temperatures. Recharge elevations proved to be imperative for constraining hydraulic conductivity, recharge location, and bedrock geometry, and thus minimizing model nonuniqueness. Results indicate that 45% of recharge to the aquifer is mountain block recharge. A similar match between measured and modeled heads was achieved in a second numerical model that excludes the mountain block ( no mountain block recharge), demonstrating that hydraulic head data alone are incapable of quantifying mountain block recharge. This result has significant implications for understanding and managing source water protection in recharge areas, potential effects of climate change, the overall water budget, and ultimately ensuring groundwater sustainability. C1 [Doyle, Jessica M.; Mayer, K. Ulrich] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Doyle, Jessica M.] Waterline Resources Inc, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Gleeson, Tom] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Gleeson, Tom] Univ Victoria, Dept Civil Engn, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Manning, Andrew H.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gleeson, T (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM tgleeson@uvic.ca OI Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Waterline Resources FX Data are either reported in section 4 or available from http://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/45015. The authors would like to thank our collaborative partners Waterline Resources, the Town of Gibsons and Gordon Groundwater Consultancy. This research was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Waterline Resources. We would also like to thank Kip Solomon and Alan Rigby for laboratory analysis as well as the Associate Editor Olaf Cirpka, Werner Aeschbach-Hertig, and one anonymous reviewer for greatly improving the manuscript. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 10 BP 8094 EP 8113 DI 10.1002/2015WR017274 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3NM UT WOS:000368418400015 ER PT J AU Rimmer, SM Hawkins, SJ Scott, AC Cressler, WL AF Rimmer, Susan M. Hawkins, Sarah J. Scott, Andrew C. Cressler, Walter L., III TI THE RISE OF FIRE: FOSSIL CHARCOAL IN LATE DEVONIAN MARINE SHALES AS AN INDICATOR OF EXPANDING TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, FIRE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CHANGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wildfire; charcoal; black shale; Devonian; oxygen levels ID APPALACHIAN BASIN; BLACK SHALES; EASTERN KENTUCKY; PALAEO-WILDFIRES; MASS EXTINCTION; CLEVELAND SHALE; OXYGEN LEVELS; INERTINITE; EVOLUTION; BOUNDARY AB Fossil charcoal provides direct evidence for fire events that, in turn, have implications for the evolution of both terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Most of the ancient charcoal record is known from terrestrial or nearshore environments and indicates the earliest occurrences of fire in the Late Silurian. However, despite the rise in available fuel through the Devonian as vascular land plants became larger and trees and forests evolved, charcoal occurrences are very sparse until the Early Mississippian where extensive charcoal suggests well-established fire systems. We present data from the latest Devonian and Early Mississippian of North America from terrestrial and marine rocks indicating that fire became more widespread and significant at this time. This increase may be a function of rising O-2 levels and the occurrence of fire itself may have contributed to this rise through positive feedback. Recent atmospheric modeling suggests an O-2 low during the Middle Devonian (around 17.5%), with O-2 rising steadily through the Late Devonian and Early Mississippian (to 21-22%) that allowed for widespread burning for the first time. In Devonian-. Mississippian marine black shales, fossil charcoal (inertinite) steadily increases up-section suggesting the rise of widespread fire systems. There is a concomitant increase in the amount of vitrinite (preserved woody and other plant tissues) that also suggests increased sources of terrestrial organic matter. Even as end Devonian glaciation was experienced, fossil charcoal continued to be a source of organic matter being introduced into the Devonian oceans. Scanning electron and reflectance microscopy of charcoal from Late Devonian terrestrial sites indicate that the fires were moderately hot (typically 500-600 degrees C) and burnt mainly surface vegetation dominated by herbaceous zygopterid ferns and lycopsids, rather than being produced by forest crown fires. The occurrence and relative abundance of fossil charcoal in marine black shales are significant in that these shales may provide a more continuous record of fire than is preserved in terrestrial environments. Our data support the idea that major fires are not seen in the fossil record until there is both sufficient and connected fuel and a high enough atmospheric O-2 content for it to burn. C1 [Rimmer, Susan M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Hawkins, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Scott, Andrew C.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Cressler, Walter L., III] W Chester Univ, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. RP Rimmer, SM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM srimmer@siu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0310072]; Society for Organic Petrology's Spackman Award; Royal Holloway University of London FX This paper is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 0310072, P.I.: S.M. Rimmer), by The Society for Organic Petrology's Spackman Award (SJ. Hawkins), and by the Research Strategy Fund of Royal Holloway University of London (A.C. Scott). We thank Mitch Blake (West Virginia Geological Survey) and P. Goggin (Electron Microscopy Unit, Royal Holloway) for their assistance. This work was completed while ACS was in receipt of a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship that is gratefully acknowledged. ACS dedicates this paper to the memory of the late Karl K. Turekian, Sterling Professor at Yale University. The authors also acknowledge helpful comments from two reviewers, Bill DiMichele and Claire Belcher, and Associate Editor Tim Lyons that improved this paper. NR 126 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 315 IS 8 BP 713 EP 733 DI 10.2475/08.2015.01 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DA8IG UT WOS:000368047700001 ER PT J AU Padilla, AJ Brown, RJ Wooller, MJ AF Padilla, Andrew J. Brown, Randy J. Wooller, Matthew J. TI Strontium isotope analyses (Sr-87/Sr-86) of otoliths from anadromous Bering cisco (Coregonus laurettae) to determine stock composition SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th ICES International Science Otolith Symposium (IOS) CY OCT, 2014 CL Mallorca, SPAIN SP Int Council Explorat Sea DE Bering cisco; Coregonus laurettae; fisheries management; otolith; stock identification; strontium isotopes ID FISH OTOLITHS; SR-ISOTOPE; ESTUARINE FISH; SALMON; RIVER; RATIOS; MARKERS; ORIGIN; SR/CA; TIME AB A commercial fishery targeting the anadromous Bering cisco (Coregonus laurettae) is occurring in the Yukon River, Alaska, USA. All three of the known global spawning populations occur in Alaska. Managers believed that two of the three populations were being harvested in the fishery. To determine the likelihood of a mixed-stock fishery, we used Sr-87/Sr-86 values from the freshwater region of otoliths, from spawning adult Bering cisco of known origin (n = 82), to create a baseline. A 10-fold cross-validated, quadratic discriminant function analysis (DFA) of the three baseline population Sr-87/Sr-86 values (Yukon River, n = 27; South Fork Kuskokwim River [Kuskokwim River], n = 25; and Susitna River, n = 30) correctly reclassified 98.8% of the fish analysed. The baseline DFA model was then used to classify the Sr-87/Sr-86 values from a set of otoliths removed from commercially harvested Bering cisco (n = 139). Using a posterior probability threshold of 90%, we found that >97% of the commercial samples were classified as originating in the Yukon River. The remainder of the commercial samples were classified as originating in the Kuskokwim River (0.7%) or from the Susitna River (1.5%). The presence of Sr-87/Sr-86 values consistent with the Susitna River discovered in the Yukon River baseline (n = 1) and commercial samples (n = 2) suggested either multiple isotope signatures within the Yukon River population or straying among populations. Strontium isotope data provide an effective tool to monitor the movements and stock composition of Bering cisco. C1 [Padilla, Andrew J.; Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Padilla, Andrew J.; Wooller, Matthew J.] Inst Northern Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Padilla, Andrew J.; Wooller, Matthew J.] Inst Northern Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Padilla, Andrew J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Brown, Randy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Padilla, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM andrew.padilla@alaska.gov OI Padilla, Andrew/0000-0001-7175-7455; Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 7 BP 2110 EP 2117 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv096 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB1EM UT WOS:000368250800005 ER PT J AU Allstadt, AJ Vavrus, SJ Heglund, PJ Pidgeon, AM Thogmartin, WE Radeloff, VC AF Allstadt, Andrew J. Vavrus, Stephen J. Heglund, Patricia J. Pidgeon, Anna M. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Spring plant phenology and false springs in the conterminous US during the 21st century SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE spring index; spring onset; hard freeze; late freeze; downscaled climate model; budburst; phenological mismatch ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FROST DAMAGE; POPULATION DECLINE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; MISMATCH; ONSET; TEMPERATE; IMPACTS; EARLIER AB The onset of spring plant growth has shifted earlier in the year over the past several decades due to rising global temperatures. Earlier spring onset may cause phenological mismatches between the availability of plant resources and dependent animals, and potentially lead to more false springs, when subsequent freezing temperatures damage new plant growth. We used the extended spring indices to project changes in spring onset, defined by leaf out and by first bloom, and predicted false springs until 2100 in the conterminous United States (US) using statistically-down scaled climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 ensemble. Averaged over our study region, the median shift in spring onset was 23 days earlier in the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario with particularly large shifts in the Western US and the Great Plains. Spatial variation in phenology was due to the influence of short-term temperature changes around the time of spring onset versus season-long accumulation of warm temperatures. False spring risk increased in the Great Plains and portions of the Midwest, but remained constant or decreased elsewhere. We conclude that global climate change may have complex and spatially variable effects on spring onset and false springs, making local predictions of change difficult. C1 [Allstadt, Andrew J.; Pidgeon, Anna M.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vavrus, Stephen J.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NWRS, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Allstadt, AJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM allstadt@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU NASA Biodiversity Program; Climate and Biological Response funding opportunity [NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM] FX We thank M Schwartz and T Ault for advice regarding the spring indices, S Schmidt for technical assistance, and B Bateman, J Gorzo, and R Behnke for helpful discussion of these ideas. Financial support was provided NASA Biodiversity Program and the Climate and Biological Response funding opportunity (NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the US Government. All associated data are available upon request or from http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR 104008 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/10/104008 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ5ZG UT WOS:000367180300012 ER PT J AU Sun, J Kelbert, A Egbert, GD AF Sun, J. Kelbert, A. Egbert, G. D. TI Ionospheric current source modeling and global geomagnetic induction using ground geomagnetic observatory data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE global induction; external source fields; mantle conductivity; simultaneous inversion ID MANTLE ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SPHERICAL HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; SOLAR DAILY VARIATIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; TRANSITION-ZONE; C-RESPONSES; ARRAY DATA; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; NONUNIFORM OCEANS; UNDERLYING MEDIUM AB Long-period global-scale electromagnetic induction studies of deep Earth conductivity are based almost exclusively on magnetovariational methods and require accurate models of external source spatial structure. We describe approaches to inverting for both the external sources and three-dimensional (3-D) conductivity variations and apply these methods to long-period (T1.2days) geomagnetic observatory data. Our scheme involves three steps: (1) Observatory data from 60years (only partly overlapping and with many large gaps) are reduced and merged into dominant spatial modes using a scheme based on frequency domain principal components. (2) Resulting modes are inverted for corresponding external source spatial structure, using a simplified conductivity model with radial variations overlain by a two-dimensional thin sheet. The source inversion is regularized using a physically based source covariance, generated through superposition of correlated tilted zonal (quasi-dipole) current loops, representing ionospheric source complexity smoothed by Earth rotation. Free parameters in the source covariance model are tuned by a leave-one-out cross-validation scheme. (3) The estimated data modes are inverted for 3-D Earth conductivity, assuming the source excitation estimated in step 2. Together, these developments constitute key components in a practical scheme for simultaneous inversion of the catalogue of historical and modern observatory data for external source spatial structure and 3-D Earth conductivity. C1 [Sun, J.; Kelbert, A.; Egbert, G. D.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sun, J.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kelbert, A.] USGS Geomagnetism Program, Golden, CO USA. RP Egbert, GD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM egbert@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Kelbert, Anna/0000-0003-4395-398X FU NASA [NNX08AG04G]; NSF [EAR-0739111, EAR-1447109] FX The results presented in this paper rely on data collected at magnetic observatories. We thank the national institutes that support them and INTERMAG-NET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice (www.intermagnet.org) and NGDC for archiving of historical data. We thank Manoj Nair and Monika Korte, who provided help with collating observatory databases over the years, as well as Art Richmond and Astrid Maute for providing the TIME-GCM outputs. This work was supported by grants from NASA (NNX08AG04G) and NSF (EAR-0739111 and EAR-1447109) to G.D.E. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 6771 EP 6796 DI 10.1002/2015JB012063 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CZ1CD UT WOS:000366842400006 ER PT J AU Langbein, J AF Langbein, John TI Borehole strainmeter measurements spanning the 2014 M(w)6.0 South Napa Earthquake, California: The effect from instrument calibration SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE borehole strainmeters; calibration; Earth tide ID STATES-OF-AMERICA; TIDAL CALIBRATION; DEFORMATION AB The 24 August 2014 M(w)6.0 South Napa, California earthquake produced significant offsets on 12 borehole strainmeters in the San Francisco Bay area. These strainmeters are located between 24 and 80km from the source, and the observed offsets ranged up to 400parts per billion (ppb), which exceeds their nominal precision by a factor of 100. However, the observed offsets of tidally calibrated strains differ by up to 130ppb from predictions based on a moment tensor derived from seismic data. The large misfit can be attributed to a combination of poor instrument calibration and better modeling of the strain field from the earthquake. Borehole strainmeters require in situ calibration, which historically has been accomplished by comparing their measurements of Earth tides with the strain tides predicted by a model. Although the borehole strainmeter accurately measures the deformation within the borehole, the long-wavelength strain signals from tides or other tectonic processes recorded in the borehole are modified by the presence of the borehole and the elastic properties of the grout and the instrument. Previous analyses of surface-mounted, strainmeter data and their relationship with the predicted tides suggest that tidal models could be in error by 30%. The poor fit of the borehole strainmeter data from this earthquake can be improved by simultaneously varying the components of the model tides up to 30% and making small adjustments to the point source model of the earthquake, which reduces the RMS misfit from 130ppb to 18ppb. This suggests that relying on tidal models to calibrate borehole strainmeters significantly reduces their accuracy. C1 [Langbein, John] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langbein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM langbein@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 7190 EP 7202 DI 10.1002/2015JB012278 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CZ1CD UT WOS:000366842400027 ER PT J AU Higgins, M Schoenbohm, LM Brocard, G Kaymakci, N Gosse, JC Cosca, MA AF Higgins, Mark Schoenbohm, Lindsay M. Brocard, Gilles Kaymakci, Nuretdin Gosse, John C. Cosca, Michael A. TI New kinematic and geochronologic evidence for the Quaternary evolution of the Central Anatolian fault zone (CAFZ) SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID INTRACONTINENTAL TRANSCURRENT STRUCTURE; ARABIA-EURASIA COLLISION; SLAB BREAK-OFF; TECTONIC ESCAPE; CENTRAL TURKEY; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; EASTERN ANATOLIA; BASIN; DEFORMATION; MALATYA AB As the kinematics of active faults that bound the Anatolian plate are well studied, it is now essential to improve our understanding of the style and rates of intraplate deformation to constrain regional strain partitioning and improve seismic risk assessments. One of these internal structures, the Central Anatolian fault zone (CAFZ), was originally defined as a regionally significant left-lateral "tectonic escape" structure, stretching for 700km in a NE direction across the Anatolian plate. We provide new structural, geomorphic, and geochronologic data for several key segments within the central part of the CAFZ that suggest that the sinistral motion has been overstated. The Ecemis fault, the southernmost part of the CAFZ, has a late-Quaternary minimum slip rate of 1.1 +/- 0.4mm a(-1), slower than originally proposed. Farther north, the Erciyes fault has fed a linear array of monogenetic vents of the Erciyes stratovolcano and Ar-40/Ar-39 dating shows a syneruptive stress field of ESE-WNW extension from 580 +/- 130 ka to 210 +/- 180 ka. In the Erciyes basin, and central part of the CAFZ, we mapped and recharacterized the Erkilet and Gesi faults as predominantly extensional. These long-term geological rates support recent GPS observations that reveal ESE-WNW extension, which we propose as the driver of faulting since 2.73 +/- 0.08Ma. The slip rates and kinematics derived in this study are not typical of an "escape tectonic" structure. The CAFZ is a transtensional fault system that reactivates paleotectonic structures and accommodates E-W extension associated with the westward movement of Anatolia. C1 [Higgins, Mark; Schoenbohm, Lindsay M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Brocard, Gilles] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kaymakci, Nuretdin] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Geol Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Gosse, John C.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Cosca, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Higgins, M (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM mark.higgins@mail.utoronto.ca OI Schoenbohm, Lindsay/0000-0001-7898-356X; KAYMAKCI, Nuretdin/0000-0002-7618-0226; Higgins, Mark/0000-0002-5355-8775 FU NSF [EAR-1109762]; NSERC FX This research was funded by NSF grant EAR-1109762, "Continental Dynamics: Central Anatolian Tectonics" to Jane Willenbring (University of Pennsylvania) and an NSERC Discovery grant to Schoenbohm (University of Toronto). The authors are grateful to Mustafa Bozkurt for logistical and field assistance. Editon Nathan Niemi (University of Michigan) and anonymous reviewer provided excellent feedback that significantly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 40Ar/39Ar data tables and expanded methodology can be found in the supporting information or by contacting the corresponding author (mark.higgins@mail.utoronto.ca). Satellite imagery is copyright DigitalGlobe, Inc. and provided through the Polar Geospatial Center (University of Minnesota - Twin Cities). NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD OCT PY 2015 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2118 EP 2141 DI 10.1002/2015TC003864 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY9UZ UT WOS:000366753100007 ER PT J AU Bier, RL Bernhardt, ES Boot, CM Graham, EB Hall, EK Lennon, JT Nemergut, DR Osborne, BB Ruiz-Gonzalez, C Schimel, JP Waldrop, MP Wallenstein, MD AF Bier, Raven L. Bernhardt, Emily S. Boot, Claudia M. Graham, Emily B. Hall, Edward K. Lennon, Jay T. Nemergut, Diana R. Osborne, Brooke B. Ruiz-Gonzalez, Clara Schimel, Joshua P. Waldrop, Mark P. Wallenstein, Matthew D. TI Linking microbial community structure and microbial processes: an empirical and conceptual overview SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE structure-function relationship; microbial community composition; microbially mediated ecosystem function; experimental duration; experimental perturbation; microbial processes ID SOIL-MICROORGANISMS; PH GRADIENT; ARABLE SOIL; BACTERIAL; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY; ABUNDANCE; FOREST; DENITRIFICATION AB A major goal of microbial ecology is to identify links between microbial community structure and microbial processes. Although this objective seems straightforward, there are conceptual and methodological challenges to designing studies that explicitly evaluate this link. Here, we analyzed literature documenting structure and process responses to manipulations to determine the frequency of structure-process links and whether experimental approaches and techniques influence link detection. We examined nine journals (published 2009-13) and retained 148 experimental studies measuring microbial community structure and processes. Many qualifying papers (112 of 148) documented structure and process responses, but few (38 of 112 papers) reported statistically testing for a link. Of these tested links, 75% were significant and typically used Spearman or Pearson's correlation analysis (68%). No particular approach for characterizing structure or processes was more likely to produce significant links. Process responses were detected earlier on average than responses in structure or both structure and process. Together, our findings suggest that few publications report statistically testing structure-process links. However, when links are tested for they often occur but share few commonalities in the processes or structures that were linked and the techniques used for measuring them. C1 [Bier, Raven L.; Bernhardt, Emily S.; Graham, Emily B.; Nemergut, Diana R.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Boot, Claudia M.; Hall, Edward K.; Wallenstein, Matthew D.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Graham, Emily B.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, UCB 397, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Graham, Emily B.; Nemergut, Diana R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lennon, Jay T.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Osborne, Brooke B.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Ruiz-Gonzalez, Clara] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Schimel, Joshua P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bier, RL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, POB 90338, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM raven.bier@gmail.com RI Wallenstein, Matthew/C-6441-2008; Hall, Ed/C-6013-2014; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; OI Wallenstein, Matthew/0000-0002-6219-1442; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Graham, Emily/0000-0002-4623-7076 FU United States Geological Survey, Powell Center Working Group titled Next Generation of Ecological Indicators: Defining Which Microbial Properties Matter Most to Ecosystem Function and How to Measure Them FX This project was supported by the United States Geological Survey, Powell Center Working Group titled Next Generation of Ecological Indicators: Defining Which Microbial Properties Matter Most to Ecosystem Function and How to Measure Them. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 54 U2 139 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 91 IS 10 AR fiv113 DI 10.1093/femsec/fiv113 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CY7OO UT WOS:000366598300011 ER PT J AU Mahan, SA Martin, FW Taylor, C AF Mahan, Shannon A. Martin, F. W. Taylor, Catherine TI Construction ages of the Upton Stone Chamber: Preliminary findings and suggestions for future luminescence research SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OSL dating; Upton Chamber; Stone chambers; Old Connecticut Path; New England ID QUARTZ; OSL; RELIABILITY; SEDIMENTS; DEPOSITS; SITES AB The Upton Chamber in Massachusetts, an earth-covered stone structure 3.4 meters (m) in diameter, with a corbelled stone dome, and a 4.3 m long entrance passageway, is studied with the aim of determining whether optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods can be used to establish the approximate construction date of the entranceway. Three samples, taken from soil behind the lowest stones in the wall of the entrance passageway, returned OSL ages between 385 and 660 years ago (or from 1625 A.D. to 1350 A.D.; using the year 2011 as the 0 year). One sample, taken below the bottom of the artifact layers in an archeological test pit in front of the chamber entrance, returned OSL ages between 650 and 880 years ago. A modern sample collected from a nearby fluvial channel returned an age between 55 and 175 years. The Upton Chamber OSL sampling results are challenging to interpret because there are mixtures in the samples of both younger and older grains that likely result from human modification, root or soil processes, animal bioturbation (i.e. ants and worms), and/or partial bleaching. The ages were determined using the lowest component of the finite mixture model as applied to a distribution of quartz grains. Further research may enable us to determine whether older components are of anthropomorphic or geological origin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Martin, F. W.] Massachusetts Archeol Soc, Dedham, MA 02026 USA. [Martin, F. W.; Taylor, Catherine] New England Antiqu Res Assoc, Milford, NH 03055 USA. [Taylor, Catherine] Town Upton Hist Commiss, Upton, MA 01568 USA. RP Mahan, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM smahan@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU Upton Historical Commission (UHC); USGS; New England Antiquities Research Association; UHC; Narragansett Indian Tribal Historic Preservation Office FX The Upton Historical Commission (UHC) supported this project by its vote to extend the Milner Survey. The masons, Dr. David Stewart-Smith and Mr. Peter Wiggin, participated in soil sampling and photography. Financial support for OSL processing by the USGS and for the monitoring by Martin Dudek of John Milner Associates, Inc. was provided by the New England Antiquities Research Association, the UHC, Narragansett Indian Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Mary and James Gage, and in memory of Mark Strohmeyer, investigator of the Acton, MA Stone Chamber. Thank you to Dr. Tim Fohl for collection and location information of the modern OSL fluvial sample in Pratt Creek. Without the energetic assistance of many volunteer scientists and historians of the UHC, this project would not have been possible: we thank you all. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 EI 1878-0350 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 SI SI BP 422 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2015.05.017 PN B PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CY6SD UT WOS:000366538200047 ER PT J AU Montgomery-Brown, EK Syracuse, EM AF Montgomery-Brown, E. K. Syracuse, E. M. TI Tremor-genic slow slip regions may be deeper and warmer and may slip slower than non-tremor-genic regions SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE slow slip; tectonic tremor; triggered earthquakes; physical fault conditions ID HIKURANGI SUBDUCTION ZONE; 3-DIMENSIONAL ATTENUATION STRUCTURE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; SILENT SLIP; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; NEW-ZEALAND; EPISODIC TREMOR; BOSO PENINSULA; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR AB Slow slip events (SSEs) are observed worldwide and often coincide with tectonic tremor. Notable examples of SSEs lacking observed tectonic tremor, however, occur beneath Klauea Volcano, Hawaii, the Boso Peninsula, Japan, near San Juan Bautista on the San Andreas Fault, California, and recently in Central Ecuador. These SSEs are similar to other worldwide SSEs in many ways (e.g., size or duration), but lack the concurrent tectonic tremor observed elsewhere; instead, they trigger swarms of regular earthquakes. We investigate the physical conditions that may distinguish these non-tremor-genic SSEs from those associated with tectonic tremor, including slip velocity, pressure, temperature, fluids, and fault asperities, although we cannot eliminate the possibility that tectonic tremor may be obscured in highly attenuating regions. Slip velocities of SSEs at Klauea Volcano (approximate to 10(-6) m/s) and Boso Peninsula (approximate to 10(-7) m/s) are among the fastest SSEs worldwide. Klauea Volcano, the Boso Peninsula, and Central Ecuador are also among the shallowest SSEs worldwide, and thus have lower confining pressures and cooler temperatures in their respective slow slip zones. Fluids also likely contribute to tremor generation, and no corresponding zone of high v(p)/v(s) has been noted at Klauea or Boso. We suggest that the relatively faster slip velocities at Klauea Volcano and the Boso Peninsula result from specific physical conditions that may also be responsible for triggering swarms of regular earthquakes adjacent to the slow slip, while different conditions produce slower SSE velocities elsewhere and trigger tectonic tremor. C1 [Montgomery-Brown, E. K.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Syracuse, E. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Montgomery-Brown, EK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov OI Syracuse, Ellen/0000-0002-8145-8480 FU NSF [EAR-PF-0846959]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [LDRD-20130807PRD3] FX We appreciated discussions and comments from H. Hirose, D. Shelly, C. Thurber, and D. Eberhart-Phillips, as well thorough comments from A. Baltay and P. McCrory. This work was partially supported by an NSF Fellowship EAR-PF-0846959, and by Los Alamos National Laboratory Director's Postdoctoral fellowship LDRD-20130807PRD3. The data analyzed in this paper are from published papers, and the compiled catalog is included as supporting information. The authors also appreciated thorough comments from H. Colella, two anonymous reviewers, and the Editor, which significantly improved the manuscript. NR 108 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 16 IS 10 BP 3593 EP 3606 DI 10.1002/2015GC005895 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY0YW UT WOS:000366133800014 ER PT J AU Peat, TB Hayden, TA Gutowsky, LFG Vandergoot, CS Fielder, DG Madenjian, CP Murchie, KJ Dettmers, JM Krueger, C Cooke, SJ AF Peat, Tyler B. Hayden, Todd A. Gutowsky, Lee F. G. Vandergoot, Christopher S. Fielder, David G. Madenjian, Charles P. Murchie, Karen J. Dettmers, John M. Krueger, Charles C. Cooke, Steven J. TI Seasonal thermal ecology of adult walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Huron and Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Temperature; Accumulated thermal units (ATUs); Behavioral thermoregulation; Biologging ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; WATER TEMPERATURE; YELLOW PERCH; PELAGIC FISH; BODY-SIZE; JUVENILE; HABITAT; GROWTH AB The purpose of this study was to characterize thermal patterns and generate occupancy models for adult walleye from lakes Erie and Huron with internally implanted biologgers coupled with a telemetry study to assess the effects of sex, fish size, diel periods, and lake. Sex, size, and diel periods had no effect on thermal occupancy of adult walleye in either lake. Thermal occupancy differed between lakes and seasons. Walleye from Lake Erie generally experienced higher temperatures throughout the spring and summer months than did walleye in Lake Huron, due to limnological differences between the lakes. Tagged walleye that remained in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron (i.e., adjacent to the release location), as opposed to those migrating to the main basin of Lake Huron, experienced higher temperatures, and thus accumulated more thermal units (the amount of temperature units amassed over time) throughout the year. Walleye that migrated toward the southern end of Lake Huron occupied higher temperatures than those that moved toward the north. Consequently, walleye that emigrated from Saginaw Bay experienced thermal environments that were more favorable for growth as they spent more time within their thermal optimas than those that remained in Saginaw Bay. Results presented in this paper provide information on the thermal experience of wild fish in a large lake, and could be used to refine sex- and lake-specific bioenergetics models of walleye in the Great Lakes to enable the testing of ecological hypotheses. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peat, Tyler B.; Hayden, Todd A.; Gutowsky, Lee F. G.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Hayden, Todd A.; Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Vandergoot, Christopher S.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fish Res Unit, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Fielder, David G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Murchie, Karen J.] Coll Bahamas, Dept Biol, Freeport, Grand Bahama, Bahamas. [Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Peat, TB (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM tyler.peat@carleton.ca RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission - Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations [GL-00E23010-3]; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX We thank the Ohio Department of Natural Resources and Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and the US Geological Survey (Hammond Bay and Lake Erie Biological Stations) for their technical and logistical support in the collection of walleye. Also Sean Landsman, Sarah Seegert, and Scott Miehls assisted with fish surgeries. Financial support was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission from funds provided by Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL-00E23010-3), and by S.J. Cooke, who is supported by the Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada Program and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1965 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and Contribution 13 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 53 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.08.009 PG 9 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA CY3XC UT WOS:000366342200013 PM 26590461 ER PT J AU Dean, WE Kennett, JP Behl, RJ Nicholson, C Sorlien, CC AF Dean, Walter E. Kennett, James P. Behl, Richard J. Nicholson, Craig Sorlien, Christopher C. TI Abrupt termination of Marine Isotope Stage 16 (Termination VII) at 631.5ka in Santa Barbara Basin, California SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE MIS 16-MIS 15 trace; Termination VII; mid-Pleistocene transition; oxygen isotopes; carbon isotopes; trace elements ID MIDPLEISTOCENE CLIMATE TRANSITION; OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONE; LONG-TERM CHANGES; OCEAN CIRCULATION; MILLENNIAL-SCALE; CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; GREENLAND ICE; 60 KYR AB The Marine Isotope Stage 16-15 boundary (Termination VII) is the first deglacial warming step of the late Quaternary following the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT), when 41kyr climatic cycles shifted to strong 100kyr cycles. The detailed structure of this important climatic event has remained unknown until now. Core MV0508-19JPC from Santa Barbara Basin, California, contains a decadal-scale climatic and geochemical sediment record of 4000years duration that includes the early part of this deglacial episode. This record reveals that the climatic shift during the early deglacial occurred rapidly (<700years), in a progression of three abrupt warming steps. The onset of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 15 was remarkably abrupt with 4-5 degrees C sea surface warming in similar to 50years. The deglacial sequence contains the well-dated Lava Creek tephra (631.34ka) from Yellowstone Caldera used to date the onset of Termination VII at 631.5ka. The late MIS 16 and early MIS 15 interval exhibits multiple decadal-scale negative excursions in C-13 of planktic foraminifera, likely the result of repeated discharges of methane from methane hydrates associated with both ocean warming and low sea level. A warm interstadial that interrupts late MIS 16 is marked by elevated concentrations of redox-sensitive elements indicating sulfidic, oxygen-deficient bottom and pore-waters, and elevated concentrations of total organic carbon and Cd, reflecting increased surface productivity. Unlike younger sediments on the California margin, these indicators of increased productivity and low dissolved oxygen do not consistently correspond with each other or with preserved laminations, possibly reflecting instability of a still evolving ocean-atmosphere system following the MPT. C1 [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kennett, James P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kennett, James P.; Nicholson, Craig] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Behl, Richard J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Sorlien, Christopher C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Dean, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dean@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0825322, OCE-0350573]; USGS; University of California; USGS Climate and Land Use Change, Research and Development Program FX We thank Jason Addison and John Barron for their helpful reviews of an earlier draft of this paper. Monserrat Alonso-Garcia and two anonymous journal reviewers provided very helpful comments and suggestions. Although diatoms were scarce in these sediments, John Barron was able to identify a number of useful diatom biostratigraphic boundaries in 19JPC and other cores that assisted with the chronology. Also we appreciate the valuable contribution by Luc Beaufort who provided valuable nannofossil biostratigraphy for the suite of Melville sediment cores that assisted in providing age context for Core 19JPC. We are grateful for the excellent support provided by the crew of the R/V Melville, NCOR, USGS, and the scientific party in acquiring the necessary data and cores to conduct this study. For technical support, we thank Karen Thompson in the laboratory of J.P.K. and Sara Afshar in the laboratory of R.J.B. Support was provided by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0825322 to J.P.K. and R.J.B. and OCE-0350573 to J.P.K., C.C.S., and C.N.) and to J.P.K. by the USGS through a cooperative agreement with the University of California. The work of W.E.D. was supported through the USGS Climate and Land Use Change, Research and Development Program. All data produced by this study will be available online at the NOAA National Climate Data Center, Boulder, Colorado (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-acess/paleoclimatology-data). NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1373 EP 1390 DI 10.1002/2014PA002756 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA CX9XZ UT WOS:000366061400010 ER PT J AU Chambers, DB Wiley, JB Kozar, MD AF Chambers, Douglas B. Wiley, Jeffrey B. Kozar, Mark D. TI Overview of Hydrologic and Geologic Investigations Conducted in Canaan Valley, West Virginia SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Canaan Valley (hereafter, the Valley), a unique wetland complex set in the Allegheny Highlands of northeastern West Virginia, has been the subject of several investigations by the US Geological Survey (USGS). These projects include studying the surface-water hydrology and processes affecting dissolved oxygen, groundwater hydrology, wetland biogeochemistry, and the formation of peat. Additionally, recent revisions of the region's geologic maps have enhanced our understanding of the Valley's surface rocks. The Valley's streams typically conduct dilute calcium- and magnesium-bicarbonate type waters that are low in alkalinity, nutrients, and dissolved solids. The Blackwater River and its major tributaries, the Little Blackwater River and the North Branch of the Blackwater River, are low-gradient streams. Other tributaries are high-gradient streams that originate on the Valley's sides and fall rapidly to the Valley floor before joining the Blackwater River and the major tributaries. Generally, low-gradient streams are less turbulent than high-gradient streams and dissolved oxygen concentrations are strongly affected by turbulence, re-aeration, benthic photosynthesis, and high biochemical oxygen demand in the numerous beaver ponds through which streams flow and which are present in the Valley. Groundwater in the Valley flows primarily along joints, faults, and bedding planes, and its quality is affected primarily by the mineral composition of the source rock. Septic discharges and, to a lesser extent, land applications of fertilizers and pesticides have affected groundwater locally. The most prevalent contaminants of concern in groundwater are bacteria, radon, and manganese. Nearly half of the wells sampled contained detectable concentrations of fecal streptococcus bacteria, and 25% had detectable concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria. Radon, a carcinogenic gas, was detected in 8 of 12 samples at concentrations exceeding proposed drinking water standards. During periods of stream base-flow, groundwater discharge dominates the flow and influences the chemical characteristics of the Valley's streams. Substrate chemistry, communities of denitrifying bacteria, and plant-community structure were compared among four different wetland types in the Valley. Further wetland studies have estimated the peat resources available in the northern end of the Valley. In this paper, we summarize hydrologic and geologic investigations conducted by the US Geological Survey and others in the Valley over the last 8 decades. C1 [Chambers, Douglas B.; Wiley, Jeffrey B.; Kozar, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. RP Chambers, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 11 Dunbar St, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. EM dbchambe@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 14 SI 7 BP 87 EP 102 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX3JH UT WOS:000365594500008 ER PT J AU Smith, J Welsh, SA Anderson, JT Fortney, RH AF Smith, Jessica Welsh, Stuart A. Anderson, James T. Fortney, Ronald H. TI Water Quality Trends in the Blackwater River Watershed, West Virginia SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ACIDIFICATION; STREAMS AB An understanding of historic and current water quality is needed to manage and improve aquatic communities within the Blackwater River watershed, WV. The Blackwater River, which historically offered an excellent Salvelinus fontinalis (Brook Trout) fishery, has been affected by logging, coal mining, use of off-road vehicles, and land development. Using information-theoretic methods, we examined trends in water quality at 12 sites in the watershed for the 14 years of 1980-1993. Except for Beaver Creek, downward trends in acidity and upward trends in alkalinity, conductivity, and hardness were consistent with decreases in hydrogen ion concentration. Water-quality trends for Beaver Creek were inconsistent with the other sites and reflect ongoing coal-mining influences. Dissolved oxygen trended downward, possibly due to natural conditions, but remained above thresholds that would be detrimental to aquatic life. Water quality changed only slightly within the watershed from 1980-1993, possibly reflecting few changes in development and land uses during this time. These data serve as a baseline for future water-quality studies and may help to inform management planning. C1 [Smith, Jessica; Anderson, James T.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Fortney, Ronald H.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu FU Canaan Valley Institute FX The Canaan Valley Institute provided research funds. Many people assisted and contributed to our efforts, including C.A. Anderson, D.B. Chambers, B.H. Collins, L. Cooper, E.D. Michael, J.S. Rodd, B.S. Smith, P.K. Worden, and P.E. Zurbuch. This is manuscript number 2800 of the West Virginia University Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 14 SI 7 BP 103 EP 111 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX3JH UT WOS:000365594500009 ER PT J AU Steketee, AK Wood, PB Gregg, ID AF Steketee, Ann K. Wood, Petra Bohall Gregg, Ian D. TI American Woodcock Habitat Changes in Canaan Valley and Environs SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Canaan Valley contains important habitat for Scolopax minor (American Woodcock) in the mid-Atlantic states, especially in West Virginia. Throughout the eastern United States, however, this species has experienced significant population declines since the US Fish and Wildlife Service began monitoring its populations in 1968. Losses of early successional habitats through urbanization and forest-stand maturation have been identified as probable causes for the decrease in population. During 1995-1997, we sampled American Woodcock presence and measured microhabitat and landscape characteristics in a variety of early successional habitats on plots located in and around Canaan Valley. Habitat characteristics related to soil moisture differentiated sites in and outside of Canaan Valley. Sites used by American Woodcock in Canaan Valley generally occurred in or near shrubby wetlands. To identify long-term changes in quality and quantity of American Woodcock habitat, we also compared current availability of appropriate habitat to similar data collected by researchers in the 1970s. We found that almost all of the sites in Canaan Valley that were originally classified as exceptional were still good American Woodcock habitat. Land development and succession, however, have reduced the quality of habitat. Active management and protection are needed, particularly because Canaan Valley is the only place in West Virginia that consistently offers exceptional American Woodcock habitat. C1 [Steketee, Ann K.] West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Steketee, Ann K.; Gregg, Ian D.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Steketee, AK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM asteketee@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 14 SI 7 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX3JH UT WOS:000365594500025 ER PT J AU Akande, SO Lewan, MD Egenhoff, S Adekeye, O Ojo, OJ Peterhansel, A AF Akande, Samuel O. Lewan, Michael D. Egenhoff, Sven Adekeye, Olabisi Ojo, Olusola J. Peterhansel, Arndt TI Source rock potential of lignite and interbedded coaly shale of the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, Anambra basin as determined by sequential hydrous pyrolysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anambra basin; Niger delta; Petroleum source rocks; Lignite; Coaly shale; Hydrous pyrolysis ID TERTIARY NIGER DELTA; BENUE TROUGH; ORGANIC-MATTER; CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS; SOUTHERN NIGERIA; GEOCHEMISTRY; ORIGIN; OIL; MATURATION; GAS AB Outcrops in the Anambra Basin in southern Nigeria contain Paleogene Imo Shale (marine), the Neogene paralic Ogwashi-Asaba and the continental Benin Formations, representing equivalents of the subsurface successions in the Niger Delta Basin. Thirty-three samples of lignite and the interbedded coaly shale of the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation were investigated petrologically before Rock-Eval screening. Two selected samples of lignite and coaly shale were subjected to sequential hydrous pyrolysis (HP) at 330 degrees C for 72 h and at 355 degrees C for 72 h to characterize their oil and gas potential. The lignite sample has a Rock-Eval hydrogen index (HI) of 481 mg/g TOC and a mean vitrinite reflectance of 0.36% Rom. The total amount of expelled oil generated in the sequential HP experiments is 259 mg/g of original total organic carbon (TOCorig). This expelled waxy oil has abundant high-molecular-weight n-alkanes and an extremely high pristane/phytane ratio of 6.5, typical of crude oils generated from coals as observed in some onshore and shallow offshore accumulations of the Niger Delta. The overlying coaly shale has a lower HI of only 191 mg/g TOC. The total amount of expelled oil generated in the sequential HP experiments is only 15 mg/g TOCorig. This oil is not waxy and has a pristane/phytane of 2.6, which is more typical of a marine source rock. These results are contrary to the idea that coaly shale associated with coal is the main source of oil. The greater yields of expelled oil from the coal relative to the coaly shale are attributed to the higher liptinite content in the former and the possibility that the organic matter in the latter was oxidized prior to deposition. delta C-13 of the methane generated at 355 degrees C for 72 his -39.5% for the lignite and -35.0%o for the coaly shale. This suggests different methane precursors in these two lithologies. The data set reveals remarkable differences in the characteristics of the two types of source rocks in the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation and their potential to contribute a mixture of hydrocarbons derived from intervals that are stratigraphically only meters apart. These results suggest that coal and coaly shale within the thermally mature stratigraphic levels of the Agbada Formation in the sub-surface are potential source rocks for liquids and gaseous hydrocarbons in the Niger Delta. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Akande, Samuel O.; Adekeye, Olabisi; Ojo, Olusola J.] Univ Ilorin, Dept Geol, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Egenhoff, Sven] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peterhansel, Arndt] LukOil Overseas UK Ltd, London SW1 4LR, England. RP Akande, SO (reprint author), Univ Ilorin, Dept Geol, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. EM samoakande2004@yahoo.com FU Lukoil; Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship FX This study was initiated during part of the senior author's sabbatical leave at the Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. The authors acknowledge some funding support from Lukoil, which assisted in the initial geochemical screening through Rock-Eval analysis of the samples. The assistance of staff members especially Augusta Warden, Tammy Hannah, and Zachaery Lowry in the USGS Denver organic geochemical laboratory is greatly appreciated. Petrographic work on the samples and reflectance measurements by Mark Pawlewicz at the USGS in Denver are especially appreciated. Support from the Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) assisted in additional field work and Rock-Eval analysis of more samples from the study area. Research on the potentials of coals as hydrocarbon source rocks commenced during an Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship awarded to the senior author at the Technical University Berlin. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions which have greatly improved the manuscript. The authors however take full responsibility for the ideas put forward in the paper. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 150 BP 224 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2015.09.005 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA CW5SF UT WOS:000365056200016 ER PT J AU Archdeacon, TP Blocker, SD Davenport, SR Henderson, KR AF Archdeacon, Thomas P. Blocker, Sara D. Davenport, Stephen R. Henderson, Kjetil R. TI SEASONAL VARIATION IN REPRODUCTIVE CONDITION OF THE PECOS BLUNTNOSE SHINER (NOTROPIS SIMUS PECOSENSIS) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; PLAINS MINNOW; NEW-MEXICO; RIVER; POPULATION; ECOLOGY; CYPRINIDAE; OKLAHOMA; FISHES AB Reproductive strategies vary among freshwater fishes. Information on reproductive characteristics is important for water managers' efforts to protect and recover imperiled species. We describe aspects of the reproductive ecology of Pecos Bluntnose Shiner (Notropis simus pecosensis). We determined gonadosomatic index, examined ovarian condition, and counted mature ova to determine the seasonal reproductive timing and duration of Pecos Bluntnose Shiner in the Pecos River, New Mexico. Monthly changes in gonadosomatic index, ovarian stage, and number of mature ova per female suggest that Pecos Bluntnose Shiner has a reproductive season extending from April through September, with a peak occurring in June and July. In July, 93% (n = 44) of female Pecos Bluntnose Shiner were in reproductive condition, regardless of size. The highest number of mature ova counted (1498) was observed in a 59.5-mm (standard length) female from June 2009. Peak spawning activity coincides with sustained water releases from reservoirs; these releases have higher peaks and longer duration than natural rainfall events. Results of this study provide important insight on the reproductive biology of a threatened fish and may be useful in long-term conservation planning. C1 [Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Blocker, Sara D.; Davenport, Stephen R.; Henderson, Kjetil R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Archdeacon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM thomas_archdeacon@fws.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2015 VL 75 IS 3 BP 271 EP 280 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW8LI UT WOS:000365250700003 ER PT J AU Davenport, J Jones, TT Work, TM Balazs, GH AF Davenport, John Jones, T. Todd Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. TI Topsy-turvy: turning the counter-current heat exchange of leatherback turtles upside down SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE heat exchange; counter-current; leatherback turtle; locomotory muscles ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; BODY TEMPERATURES; SEA-TURTLES; THERMOREGULATION; GIGANTOTHERMY; ENDOTHERMY; MOVEMENT; WATER AB Counter-current heat exchangers associated with appendages of endotherms feature bundles of closely applied arteriovenous vessels. The accepted paradigm is that heat from warm arterial blood travelling into the appendage crosses into cool venous blood returning to the body. High core temperature is maintained, but the appendage functions at low temperature. Leatherback turtles have elevated core temperatures in cold seawater and arteriovenous plexuses at the roots of all four limbs. We demonstrate that plexuses of the hindlimbs are situated wholly within the hip musculature, and that, at the distal ends of the plexuses, most blood vessels supply or drain the hip muscles, with little distal vascular supply to, or drainage from the limb blades. Venous blood entering a plexus will therefore be drained from active locomotory muscles that are overlaid by thick blubber when the adults are foraging in cold temperate waters. Plexuses maintain high limb muscle temperature and avoid excessive loss of heat to the core, the reverse of the accepted paradigm. Plexuses protect the core from overheating generated by muscular thermogenesis during nesting. C1 [Davenport, John] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Jones, T. Todd; Balazs, George H.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Davenport, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, North Mall Campus, Cork, Ireland. EM j.davenport@ucc.ie FU JIMAR Visiting Scientist Programme FX J.D. received partial funding from the JIMAR Visiting Scientist Programme. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 10 AR 20150592 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0592 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CW1TP UT WOS:000364774700005 ER PT J AU Dorsey, RJ Langenheim, VE AF Dorsey, Rebecca J. Langenheim, Victoria E. TI Crustal-scale tilting of the central Salton block, southern California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SCIENTIFIC-DRILLING-PROJECT; JACINTO FAULT; SIERRA-NEVADA; SLIP RATES; PENINSULAR RANGES; GORGONIO-PASS; ELASTIC HETEROGENEITY; STRATIGRAPHIC RECORD AB The southern San Andreas fault system (California, USA) provides an excellent natural laboratory for studying the controls on vertical crustal motions related to strike-slip deformation. Here we present geologic, geomorphic, and gravity data that provide evidence for active northeastward tilting of the Santa Rosa Mountains and southern Coachella Valley about a horizontal axis oriented parallel to the San Jacinto and San Andreas faults. The Santa Rosa fault, a strand of the San Jacinto fault zone, is a large southwest-dipping normal fault on the west flank of the Santa Rosa Mountains that displays well-developed triangular facets, narrow footwall canyons, and steep hanging-wall alluvial fans. Geologic and geomorphic data reveal ongoing footwall uplift in the southern Santa Rosa Mountains, and gravity data suggest total vertical separation of similar to 5.0-6.5 km from the range crest to the base of the Clark Valley basin. The northeast side of the Santa Rosa Mountains has a gentler topographic gradient, large alluvial fans, no major active faults, and tilted inactive late Pleistocene fan surfaces that are deeply incised by modern upper fan channels. Sediments beneath the Coachella Valley thicken gradually northeast to a depth of similar to 4-5 km at an abrupt boundary at the San Andreas fault. These features all record crustal-scale tilting to the northeast that likely started when the San Jacinto fault zone initiated ca. 1.2 Ma. Tilting appears to be driven by oblique shortening and loading across a northeast-dipping southern San Andreas fault, consistent with the results of a recent boundary-element modeling study. C1 [Dorsey, Rebecca J.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Langenheim, Victoria E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dorsey, RJ (reprint author), 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM rdorsey@uoregon.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1144946]; National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Earthquake Hazards programs of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Support for this study was provided by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1144946 (Dorsey), and by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Earthquake Hazards programs of the U.S. Geological Survey (Langenheim). This study benefited from discussions with Michele Cooke, Laura Fattaruso, Cody Mason, and Charlie Ogle. Reviews by Robert Powell, Keith Howard, Nathan Niemi, Andy Barth, Terry Pavlis, Francesco Mazzarini, and three anonymous reviewers helped us improve the quality and clarity of the paper. NR 130 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2015 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1365 EP 1383 DI 10.1130/GES01167.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CW5NK UT WOS:000365042300007 ER PT J AU McAuliffe, LJ Dolan, JF Rhodes, EJ Hubbard, J Shaw, JH Pratt, TL AF McAuliffe, Lee J. Dolan, James F. Rhodes, Edward J. Hubbard, Judith Shaw, John H. Pratt, Thomas L. TI Paleoseismologic evidence for large-magnitude (M-w 7.5-8.0) earthquakes on the Ventura blind thrust fault: Implications for multifault ruptures in the Transverse Ranges of southern California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID AVENUE ANTICLINE; SURFACE RUPTURE; LOS-ANGELES; BASIN; RATES; DISPLACEMENT; DEFORMATION; ROTATIONS; HAZARD; REGION AB Detailed analysis of continuously cored boreholes and cone penetrometer tests (CPTs), high-resolution seismic-reflection data, and luminescence and C-14 dates from Holocene strata folded above the tip of the Ventura blind thrust fault constrain the ages and displacements of the two (or more) most recent earthquakes. These two earthquakes, which are identified by a prominent surface fold scarp and a stratigraphic sequence that thickens across an older buried fold scarp, occurred before the 235-yr-long historic era and after 805 +/- 75 yr ago (most recent folding event[s]) and between 4065 and 4665 yr ago (previous folding event[s]). Minimum uplift in these two scarp-forming events was similar to 6 m for the most recent earthquake(s) and similar to 5.2 m for the previous event(s). Large uplifts such as these typically occur in large-magnitude earthquakes in the range of Mw 7.5-8.0. Any such events along the Ventura fault would likely involve rupture of other Transverse Ranges faults to the east and west and/or rupture downward onto the deep, low-angle decollements that underlie these faults. The proximity of this large reverse-fault system to major population centers, including the greater Los Angeles region, and the potential for tsunami generation during ruptures extending offshore along the western parts of the system highlight the importance of understanding the complex behavior of these faults for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. C1 [McAuliffe, Lee J.; Dolan, James F.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Rhodes, Edward J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hubbard, Judith; Shaw, John H.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pratt, Thomas L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rhodes, Edward J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Hubbard, Judith] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP McAuliffe, LJ (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM lmcaulif@usc.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP); Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation [EAR-1033462, G12AC20038] FX We greatly appreciate the help of Amir Allam, Jessica Grenader, Chris Milliner, Jason Williams, and Robert Zinke, who helped us with the borehole and cone penetrometer test excavations, Nathan Brown and Chris McGuire, who helped with the luminescence sampling at Day Road, and Chris Cothrun, Ben Haravitch, Zurriya Hasnan, Alison Koop, Samuel Rosenbaum, and Rachel Zucker for their assistance in the field acquiring seismic data. We thank Kate Scharer, Sally McGill, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews, and Ned Field for helpful discussions regarding the UCERF3 seismic hazard model. Finally, we would like to especially thank Chandra Shaker, Roger Markel, and the City of Ventura for facilitating our field work and for help with logistics and permitting. Thomas Pratt was supported for this work by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by the National Science Foundation cooperative agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS cooperative agreement G12AC20038. This is SCEC contribution 2076. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2015 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1629 EP 1650 DI 10.1130/GES01123.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CW5NK UT WOS:000365042300020 ER PT J AU Nadeau, PA Webster, JD Mandeville, CW Goldoff, BA Shimizu, N Monteleone, B AF Nadeau, Patricia A. Webster, James D. Mandeville, Charles W. Goldoff, Beth A. Shimizu, Nobumichi Monteleone, Brian TI A glimpse into Augustine Volcano's Pleistocene past: Insight from the petrology of a massive rhyolite deposit SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Augustine Volcano; Alaska; Rhyolite; Melt inclusions; Cummingtonite; Volcanic hazards ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; SILICIC VOLCANISM; REDOUBT VOLCANO; NEW-ZEALAND; TI OXIDES; MAGMA; ALASKA; HAZARDS; CUMMINGTONITE AB Activity at Augustine Volcano, Alaska, has been characterized by intermediate composition domes, flows, and tephras during the Holocene. Erosive lahars and pyroclastic flows associated with the 2006 eruption revealed large exposures of voluminous rhyolite pumice fall beneath glacial tills; the massive rhyolite deposit is evidence of anomalously large prehistoric eruptions. The rhyolite is petrologically and mineralogically different from more recent eruptive products, with abundant amphibole (calcic amphiboles and cummingtonite) and quartz. Three texturally and chemically distinct lithologies are present. Fe-Ti oxide equilibria suggest temperatures of similar to 765 degrees C and oxygen fugacities of NNO + 1.5. Melt inclusions indicate that magma representing the stratigraphically lowest lithology was crystallizing at similar to 260 MPa with a contemporary mixed H2O-CO2 fluid phase becoming progressively more H2O-rich. Magma forming the other lithologies crystallized in the presence of this H2O-dominated fluid, as demonstrated by the presence of cummingtonite and little to no CO2 in melt inclusions. Amphibole and quartz-feldspar-melt equilibria models yield results indicating a range of crystallization pressures from similar to 400 MPa to similar to 175 MPa. Apatites and melt inclusions have lower chlorine contents than more recently erupted material at Augustine suggesting that the composition of Augustine's volatile phase has changed overtime. Reheating textures in melt inclusions and phenodysts, as well as the presence of xenocrysts of olivine and dinopyroxene containing mafic melt inclusions, signify the likelihood of mixing and/or mingling of magmas as an eruption trigger. The unique qualities of this Pleistocene rhyolite and the potential hazard of a similarly large eruption in modern times indicate that further study is warranted. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nadeau, Patricia A.; Webster, James D.; Mandeville, Charles W.; Goldoff, Beth A.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Mandeville, Charles W.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Shimizu, Nobumichi; Monteleone, Brian] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Nadeau, PA (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM pnadeau@amnh.org FU Kathryn W. Davis Fellowship program at the American Museum of Natural History; NSF [EAR-0836741] FX We thank the Augustine field expedition crew of summer 2006 for facilitating field work and sample collection. Juliane Gross was generous in helping with EMP analyses and Denton Ebel, Ellen Crapster-Pregont, and Shawn Wallace helped with stitching EMP element maps. We also thank Michelle Coombs for valuable discussions of Augustine's rhyolites. Guilherme Gualda is thanked for his generosity in sharing his MELTS-Excel program as well as his patience and help in troubleshooting. Filippo Ridolfi is thanked for providing assistance in utilizing his amphibole programs. Funding for PAN was generously provided by the Kathryn W. Davis Fellowship program at the American Museum of Natural History. Financial support for JIM came in part from NSF grant EAR-0836741. This manuscript was significantly improved by the thoughtful reviews of Michelle Coombs, Jorge Vazquez, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 304 BP 304 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.07.034 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CW3LS UT WOS:000364894400025 ER PT J AU Doherty, AL Cannatelli, C Raia, F Belkin, HE Albanese, S Lima, A De Vivo, B AF Doherty, A. L. Cannatelli, C. Raia, F. Belkin, H. E. Albanese, S. Lima, A. De Vivo, B. TI Geochemistry of selected lavas of the Panarea volcanic group, Aeolian Arc, Italy SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN SEA; CALC-ALKALINE; QUARTZ XENOLITHS; MELT INCLUSIONS; PLUMBING SYSTEM; ISLANDS; EVOLUTION; BENEATH; FLUID; ROCKS AB The Panarea Volcanic Group (PVG) is a group of emergent islands rising from the truncated cone of an underwater edifice in the eastern sector of the Aeolian Island Arc in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy. Selected lava units from the main island of Panarea and some of the nearby islets were analysed for their major and trace clement compositions to the dataset available in the literature. Major mineral phases were identified as plagioclase clinopyroxene orthopyroxene olivine amphibole mica. The lavas of this study range from an-desite to rhyolite with major element compositions equivalent to previously published data. Pyroxene geobarometry suggests a polybaric distribution to crystal fractionation, beginning at the Moho, and continuing to a shallow magma reservoir, at approximately 0.8 km depth. A plot of Nd-143/Nd-144 vs. Sr-87/Sr-86 show the compositions of Panarea overlap with the compositions of the eastern and central Aeolian Arc, while pb(208)/Pb-204 vs. Pb-206/Pb-204 do not overlap, but fall between the central and eastern arc values. As major and trace element concentrations, and isotope compositions of the lavas of this study overlap most consistently with lava compositions from the central and eastern Aeolian Arc. indicating Panarea should be considered an "intermediate" volcano in the arc. C1 [Doherty, A. L.; Cannatelli, C.; Albanese, S.; Lima, A.; De Vivo, B.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Raia, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Educ, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Raia, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Belkin, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Doherty, AL (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. EM doherty.angelal@gmail.com RI Cannatelli, Claudia/H-7582-2016; OI Cannatelli, Claudia/0000-0003-0914-5460; Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 EI 1438-1168 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 109 IS 5 BP 597 EP 610 DI 10.1007/s00710-015-0385-3 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA CW6HJ UT WOS:000365098100005 ER PT J AU Craig, HR Kendall, S Wild, T Powell, AN AF Craig, Heather R. Kendall, Steve Wild, Teri Powell, Abby N. TI Dispersal and survival of a polygynandrous passerine SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Arctic; breeding-site fidelity; Calcarius pictus; mark-recapture; natal philopatry; Smith's Longspur ID SMITHS LONGSPUR; BREEDING DISPERSAL; NATAL DISPERSAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SITE FIDELITY; SPERM COMPETITION; MARKED ANIMALS; PREDATION RISK; BIRDS; PHILOPATRY AB Although sex biases in survival and dispersal are thought to be linked to avian mating systems, little is known about these demographic patterns in less common mating strategies such as polygynandry. We investigated breeding-site fidelity, natal philopatry, and apparent survival of the polygynandrous Smith's Longspur (Calcarius pictus) over a 7-yr period at 2 areas in Alaska's Brooks Range. We used capture-recapture histories of 243 color-banded adults and 431 juveniles to estimate annual survival and determined dispersal patterns from 34 adults that were found breeding within the study areas over multiple years. Most adults (88%) returned to nest in the same breeding neighborhood as in previous years; mean dispersal distance was 300.9 +/- 74.2 m and did not differ between sexes. Juveniles exhibited low natal philopatry; only 4% of banded hatch-year birds were resighted as adults during subsequent years. Those that did return dispersed, on average, 1,674.4 +/- 465.8 m from their natal nests (n = 6). Model-averaged survival estimates indicated that annual survival of adult females (50-58%) was only slightly lower than that of males (60-63%); juvenile survival was 41% but was paired with a low (13%) encounter probability. We attribute the lack of sex bias in adult dispersal to this species' polygynandrous mating strategy. Within this system, there are multiple mates within a breeding neighborhood. We argue that natural selection may favor females that remain on the same, familiar breeding site, because they do not have to disperse to a new area to find a suitable mate. Dispersal among breeding populations most likely occurs by juveniles returning as adults. Our findings support hypotheses that suggest a relationship between dispersal and mating strategy and provide some of the first insight into the demographic patterns of a polygynandrous passerine. C1 [Craig, Heather R.; Wild, Teri; Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kendall, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hakalau Forest Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hilo, HI USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Craig, HR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM hrcraig@alaska.edu; abby.powell@alaska.edu OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Bureau of Land Management; USGS/FWS Science Support Program Grant; Arctic Audubon Grant; Ted McHenry Scholarship; Bergstrom Memorial Scholarship; John Marooney Scholarship; CASE GK-12 Fellowship FX Funding statement: This study would not have been possible without the financial and logistical support of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; and the Bureau of Land Management. Additional funding was provided through a USGS/FWS Science Support Program Grant, Arctic Audubon Grant, Ted McHenry Scholarship, Bergstrom Memorial Scholarship, John Marooney Scholarship, and CASE GK-12 Fellowship. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2015 VL 132 IS 4 BP 916 EP 925 DI 10.1642/AUK-15-41.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CV8EY UT WOS:000364514600013 ER PT J AU Ashton, DT Bettaso, JB Welsh, HH AF Ashton, Donald T. Bettaso, James B. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. TI Changes across a Decade in Size, Growth, and Body Condition of Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) Populations on Free-flowing and Regulated Forks of the Trinity River in Northwest California SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID TRACHEMYS-SCRIPTA-ELEGANS; LIFE-HISTORY; PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLEMMYS-MARMORATA; CONDITION INDEXES; BIPHASIC GROWTH AB Water diversions can disrupt flows and alter thermal regimes changing seasonal patterns that signal the onset of life-history functions of native organisms and compromise the fitness of their populations. We compared size, growth, relative mass, volumetric body condition, and reproductive status of Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) across a decade on two forks of California's Trinity River, one regulated and the other free-flowing. Turtles on the regulated fork experienced flows designed to accommodate anthropocentric demands, whereas those on the free-flowing fork experienced natural hydrologic cycles and seasonal warming. July water temperatures averaged 8.6 degrees C colder on the regulated fork due to hypolimnetic releases. Turtles on the colder regulated fork grew more slowly and were smaller at similar ages compared with those on the free-flowing fork, a pattern that was exacerbated across the decade. Female relative mass (RM) across the decade did not differ between forks, whereas male RM was greater on the free-flowing fork only in the 1990s. In the 2000s volumetric body condition of females on the regulated fork differed significantly from males on both forks and females on the free-flowing fork. Females on the regulated fork appeared to be assimilating more resources possibly in response to colder water. Fewer females on the regulated fork were gravid and, due to smaller size, likely carried fewer eggs. The percent of gravid females on both forks declined significantly across the decade. We found additional evidence of a wider regional effect with differences in RM shifting from positive to negative for both sexes on both forks. We did not collect evidence that would explain these phenomena but these changes strongly suggest that trophic relationships of the turtles in the greater region are being adversely influenced. C1 [Ashton, Donald T.; Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bettaso, James B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rivers Natl Forest 6, Willow Creek, CA USA. RP Ashton, DT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ashton.don@gmail.com; jbettaso@fs.fed.us; hwelsh@fs.fed.us FU Trinity River Restoration Program; USDI Bureau of Reclamation FX We are grateful to all who assisted in this project. D. Reese and her field crew (P. Chapman-Taylor, J. Glueck, G. Hodgson, A. Lind, J. Metz, S. Mook, K. Sadowski, K. Schlick, K. Shimizu, C. Walker, D. Welsh, and R. Wilson) collected the 1990s data. In the 2000s, R. Bourque, J. Garwood, E. Russell, O. Miano, and M. Best conducted field efforts, and a number of volunteers occasionally assisted with data recording and dive surveys: J. Ogawa, A. Quinn, G. Hodgson, D. Goodman, M. Dean, C. Bondi, M. Thomas, K. Kreick, M. Johnson, C. West, A. Krause, and C. Chamberlain. Database management, GIS, and analysis support was provided by J. Rousseau, J. Werren, G. Hodgson, B. Hogoboom, B. Howard, K. Pope, A. Haggarty, and M. Cunanan. We thank M. Shultz for the corticosteroid analysis. This manuscript was improved by comments from K. Pope, B. Harvey, C. Wheeler, and M. Snover. We especially thank the Trinity River Restoration Program, USDI Bureau of Reclamation for their interest and support over the decades. NR 95 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD OCT PY 2015 VL 103 IS 3 BP 621 EP 633 DI 10.1643/CP-15-253 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CV7FM UT WOS:000364437800015 ER PT J AU Allocca, V De Vita, P Manna, F Nimmo, JR AF Allocca, V. De Vita, P. Manna, F. Nimmo, J. R. TI Groundwater recharge assessment at local and episodic scale in a soil mantled perched karst aquifer in southern Italy SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater recharge; Local and episodic scales; Perched karst aquifer; Soil cover; Water Table Fluctuation method ID CARBONATE AQUIFERS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; EPIKARST; USA AB Groundwater recharge assessment of karst aquifers, at various spatial and temporal scales, is a major scientific topic of current importance, since these aquifers play an essential role for both socio-economic development and fluvial ecosystems. In this study, groundwater recharge was estimated at local and episodic scales in a representative perched karst aquifer in a region of southern Italy with a Mediterranean climate. The research utilized measurements of precipitation, air temperature, soil water content, and water-table depth, obtained in 2008 at the Acqua della Madonna test area (Termini Mount karst aquifer, Campania region). At this location the aquifer is overlain by ash-fall pyroclastic soils. The Episodic Master Recession (EMR) method, an improved version of the Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) method, was applied to estimate the amount of recharge generated episodically by individual rainfall events. The method also quantifies the amount of precipitation generating each recharge episode, thus permitting calculation of the Recharge to the Precipitation Ratio (RPR) on a storm-by-storm basis. Depending on the seasonally varying air temperature, evapotranspiration, and precipitation patterns, calculated values of RPR varied between 35% and 97% among the individual episodes. A multiple linear correlation of the RPR with both the average intensity of recharging rainfall events and the antecedent soil water content was calculated. Given the relatively easy measurability of precipitation and soil water content, such an empirical model would have great hydrogeological and practical utility. It would facilitate short-term forecasting of recharge in karst aquifers of the Mediterranean region and other aquifers with similar hydrogeological characteristics. By establishing relationships between the RPR and climate-dependent variables such as average storm intensity, it would facilitate prediction of climate-change effects on groundwater recharge. The EMR methodology could further be applied to other aquifers for evaluating the relationship of recharge to various hydrometeorological and hydrogeological processes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Allocca, V.; De Vita, P.; Manna, F.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse DiSTAR, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Nimmo, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Allocca, V (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse DiSTAR, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. EM vincenzo.allocca@unina.it FU University of Naples Federico II; Unsaturated Zone Interest Group (UZIG) of the US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the personnel short mobility and the doctorate programs of the University of Naples Federico II that funded scientific collaboration with the Unsaturated Zone Interest Group (UZIG) of the US Geological Survey. The authors are grateful to Dr. Erik Smith, USGS, Minnesota, for his useful suggestions. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 529 BP 843 EP 853 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.032 PN 3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CV4PR UT WOS:000364249500013 ER PT J AU Habteyes, BG El-Bardisy, HAEH Amer, SA Schneider, VR Ward, FA AF Habteyes, Befekadu G. El-Bardisy, Harb A. E. Hasseen Amer, Saud A. Schneider, Verne R. Ward, Frank A. TI Mutually beneficial and sustainable management of Ethiopian and Egyptian dams in the Nile Basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nile; Reservoir storage; Water sharing; Benefit sharing; Pareto Improvement; Negotiated settlement ID WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OPPORTUNITIES; COOPERATION; AGREEMENT; HEGEMONY; SECURITY; PARADIGM; SEARCH; RIVER AB Ongoing pressures from population growth, recurrent drought, climate, urbanization and industrialization in the Nile Basin raise the importance of finding viable measures to adapt to these stresses. Four tributaries of the Eastern Nile Basin contribute to supplies: the Blue Nile (56%), White Nile-Albert (14%), Atbara (15%) and Sobat (15%). Despite much peer reviewed work addressing conflicts on the Nile, none to date has quantitatively examined opportunities for discovering benefit sharing measures that could protect negative impacts on downstream water users resulting from new upstream water storage developments. The contribution of this paper is to examine the potential for mutually beneficial and sustainable benefit sharing measures from the development and operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam while protecting baseline flows to the downstream countries including flows into the Egyptian High Aswan Dam. An integrated approach is formulated to bring the hydrology, economics and institutions of the region into a unified framework for policy analysis. A dynamic optimization model is developed and applied to identify the opportunities for Pareto Improving measures to operate these two dams for the four Eastern Nile Basin countries: Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt. Results indicate a possibility for one country to be better off (Ethiopia) and no country to be worse off from a managed operation of these two storage facilities. Still, despite the optimism of our results, considerable diplomatic negotiation among the four riparians will be required to turn potential gains into actual welfare improvements. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Habteyes, Befekadu G.] New Mexico State Univ, Water Sci & Management Program, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [El-Bardisy, Harb A. E. Hasseen] Al Azhar Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Assiut, Egypt. [Amer, Saud A.] US Geol Survey, Int Water Resources Branch, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Schneider, Verne R.] US Geol Survey, Int Water Resources Branch, Remote Sensing & Water Resources Adm, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Ward, FA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM befekadu@nmsu.edu; harb.ahmed@yahoo.com; samer@usgs.gov; vrschnei@usgs.gov; fward@nmsu.edu FU New Mexico State University (USA) Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Geological Survey International Division; US Agency for International Development; Al-Azhar University at Assiut, Egypt FX The authors are grateful for financial support by the New Mexico State University (USA) Agricultural Experiment Station, U.S. Geological Survey International Division, US Agency for International Development, and Al-Azhar University at Assiut, Egypt. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 529 BP 1235 EP 1246 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.017 PN 3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CV4PR UT WOS:000364249500043 ER PT J AU Moftakhari, HR Jay, DA Talke, SA Schoellhamer, DH AF Moftakhari, H. R. Jay, D. A. Talke, S. A. Schoellhamer, D. H. TI Estimation of historic flows and sediment loads to San Francisco Bay, 1849-2011 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Historic sediment load; Discharge estimation; Downscaling; San Francisco Bay; Basin-scale system change; Seasonality ID SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; COLUMBIA RIVER; INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT; COASTAL OCEAN; TIME SCALES; ESTUARY; TRANSPORT; CALIFORNIA; SALINITY; VARIABILITY AB River flow and sediment transport in estuaries influence morphological development over decadal and century time scales, but hydrological and sedimentological records are typically too short to adequately characterize long-term trends. In this study, we recover archival records and apply a rating curve approach to develop the first instrumental estimates of daily delta inflow and sediment loads to San Francisco Bay (1849-1929). The total sediment load is constrained using sedimentation/erosion estimated from bathymetric survey data to produce continuous daily sediment transport estimates from 1849 to 1955, the time period prior to sediment load measurements. We estimate that similar to 55% (45-75%) of the 1500 400 million tons (Mt) of sediment delivered to the estuary between 1849 and 2011 was the result of anthropogenic alteration in the watershed that increased sediment supply. Also, the seasonal timing of sediment flux events has shifted because significant spring-melt floods have decreased, causing estimated springtime transport (April 1st to June 30th) to decrease from similar to 25% to similar to 15% of the annual total. By contrast, wintertime sediment loads (December 1st to March 31st) have increased from similar to 70% to similar to 80%. A similar to 35% reduction of annual flow since the 19th century along with decreased sediment supply has resulted in a similar to 50% reduction in annual sediment delivery. The methods developed in this study can be applied to other systems for which unanalyzed historic data exist. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moftakhari, H. R.; Jay, D. A.; Talke, S. A.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Schoellhamer, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Moftakhari, HR (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM hamed2@pdx.edu; djay@pdx.edu; talke@pdx.edu; dschoell@usgs.gov FU Miller Foundation grant; Systems at Portland State University; Portland State Research enhancement grant; National Science Foundation grant: Secular Changes in Pacific Tides [OCE-0929055]; National Science Foundation grant: 19th Century US West Coast Sea Level and Tidal Properties [OCE-1155610]; US Army Corps of Engineers [W1927N-14-2-0015]; Delta Science Program; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program; USGS CASCaDE project (Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem) [52] FX Support for this project was provided in part by a Miller Foundation grant to the Institute of Sustainability and Systems at Portland State University and a Portland State Research enhancement grant. D.A. Jay and S.A. Talke were supported in part by the National Science Foundation grant: Secular Changes in Pacific Tides, OCE-0929055. S.A. Talke was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant: 19th Century US West Coast Sea Level and Tidal Properties, OCE-1155610, and the US Army Corps of Engineers, award number W1927N-14-2-0015. D.H. Schoellhamer was supported by the Delta Science Program and USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program and this article is contribution number 52 from the USGS CASCaDE project (Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem). Scott A. Wright and Mathieu Marineau at USGS California Water Science Center in Sacramento, CA are acknowledged for contributing to the digitization of data, and Neil Ganju (USGS, Woods Hole, MA) is acknowledged for providing data and helpful discussion. L.M. Hunsaker is acknowledged for providing the Thomas Logan Hydrographs used in this study. Mick Van der Wegen and two other anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for sharing their valuable thoughts which have substantially improved the manuscript. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 529 BP 1247 EP 1261 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.043 PN 3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CV4PR UT WOS:000364249500044 ER PT J AU Ulrich, C Hubbard, SS Florsheim, J Rosenberry, D Borglin, S Trotta, M Seymour, D AF Ulrich, Craig Hubbard, Susan S. Florsheim, Joan Rosenberry, Donald Borglin, Sharon Trotta, Marcus Seymour, Donald TI Riverbed Clogging Associated with a California Riverbank Filtration System: An Assessment of Mechanisms and Monitoring Approaches SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Riverbank filtration; Riverbed clogging; Riverbed permeability; Thermal seepage; Electrical resistivity; Seepage meter ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SURFACE-WATER; POROUS-MEDIA; SEDIMENT; SOILS; GROUNDWATER; INVERSION AB An experimental field study was performed to investigate riverbed clogging processes and associated monitoring approaches near a dam-controlled riverbank filtration facility in Northern California. Motivated by previous studies at the site that indicated riverbed clogging plays an important role in the performance of the riverbank filtration system, we investigated the spatiotemporal variability and nature of the clogging. In particular, we investigated whether the clogging was due to abiotic or biotic mechanisms. A secondary aspect of the study was the testing of different methods to monitor riverbed clogging and related processes, such as seepage. Monitoring was conducted using both point-based approaches and spatially extensive geophysical approaches, including: grain-size analysis, temperature sensing, electrical resistivity tomography, seepage meters, microbial analysis, and cryocoring, along two transects. The point monitoring measurements suggested a substantial increase in riverbed biomass (2 orders of magnitude) after the dam was raised compared to the small increase (similar to 2%) in fine-grained sediment. These changes were concomitant with decreased seepage. The decreased seepage eventually led to the development of an unsaturated zone beneath the riverbed, which further decreased infiltration capacity. Comparison of our time-lapse grain-size and biomass datasets suggested that biotic processes played a greater role in clogging than did abiotic processes. Cryocoring and autonomous temperature loggers were most useful for locally monitoring clogging agents, while electrical resistivity data were useful for interpreting the spatial extent of a pumping-induced unsaturated zone that developed beneath the riverbed after riverbed clogging was initiated. The improved understanding of spatiotemporally variable riverbed clogging and monitoring approaches is expected to be useful for optimizing the riverbank filtration system operations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ulrich, Craig; Hubbard, Susan S.; Borglin, Sharon] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Florsheim, Joan] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Rosenberry, Donald] US Geol Survey, Berkeley, CA USA. [Trotta, Marcus; Seymour, Donald] Sonoma Cty Water Agcy, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Ulrich, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM culrich@lbl.gov RI Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU Sonoma County Water Agency FX The authors would like to thank Jay Jasperse and George Lincoln (Sonoma County Water Agency) for their data and insights, and Gabriella Vozza (UC Berkeley) for her help in the rock lab sieving cores and installing instrumentation during the May campaign. We would also like to thank Baptiste Dafflon and Boris Fay-bishenko for insights and suggestions during the formulation of this project and publication, and John Callaway for insights and use of his cryocorer. We acknowledge the funding support by Sonoma County Water Agency. Use of brand names is for informational purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the authors, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, University of California, Santa Barbara, and Sonoma County Water Agency. NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 529 BP 1740 EP 1753 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.012 PN 3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CV4PR UT WOS:000364249500084 ER PT J AU Lu, D Ye, M Curtis, GP AF Lu, Dan Ye, Ming Curtis, Gary P. TI Maximum likelihood Bayesian model averaging and its predictive analysis for groundwater reactive transport models SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty analysis; Reactive transport; Maximum likelihood Bayesian model averaging ID UNSATURATED FRACTURED TUFF; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CONCEPTUAL MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; PROBABILITIES; URANIUM(VI); SYSTEM; WATER; SIMULATION; SEDIMENTS AB While Bayesian model averaging (BMA) has been widely used in groundwater modeling, it is infrequently applied to groundwater reactive transport modeling because of multiple sources of uncertainty in the coupled hydrogeochemical processes and because of the long execution time of each model run. To resolve these problems, this study analyzed different levels of uncertainty in a hierarchical way, and used the maximum likelihood version of BMA, i.e., MLBMA, to improve the computational efficiency. This study demonstrates the applicability of MLBMA to groundwater reactive transport modeling in a synthetic case in which twenty-seven reactive transport models were designed to predict the reactive transport of hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) based on observations at a former uranium mill site near Naturita, CO. These reactive transport models contain three uncertain model components, i.e., parameterization of hydraulic conductivity, configuration of model boundary, and surface complexation reactions that simulate U(VI) adsorption. These uncertain model components were aggregated into the alternative models by integrating a hierarchical structure into MLBMA. The modeling results of the individual models and MLBMA were analyzed to investigate their predictive performance. The predictive logscore results show that MLBMA generally outperforms the best model, suggesting that using MLBMA is a sound strategy to achieve more robust model predictions relative to a single model. MLBMA works best when the alternative models are structurally distinct and have diverse model predictions. When correlation in model structure exists, two strategies were used to improve predictive performance by retaining structurally distinct models or assigning smaller prior model probabilities to correlated models. Since the synthetic models were designed using data from the Naturita site, the results of this study are expected to provide guidance for real-world modeling. Limitations of applying MLBMA to the synthetic study and future real-world modeling are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lu, Dan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ye, Ming] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Curtis, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gpcurtis@usgs.gov RI Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008 FU DOE-SBR [DE-SC0003681, DE-SC0002687, DE-SC0000801]; DOE Early Career Award [DE-SC0008272]; NSF-EAR [0911074]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51328902] FX This work was supported in part by DOE-SBR Grants DE-SC0003681, DE-SC0002687 and DE-SC0000801, DOE Early Career Award, DE-SC0008272, NSF-EAR Grant 0911074, and National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants, 51328902. The first author performed part of the work when she was employed by the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Alberto Guadagnini, Chris Green, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 529 BP 1859 EP 1873 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.029 PN 3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CV4PR UT WOS:000364249500094 ER PT J AU Reed, SC Yang, XJ Thornton, PE AF Reed, Sasha C. Yang, Xiaojuan Thornton, Peter E. TI Incorporating phosphorus cycling into global modeling efforts: a worthwhile, tractable endeavor SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE biogeochemistry; carbon cycling; climate change; Earth system models (ESMs); nutrient limitation; phosphorus (P) ID CARBON-NITROGEN INTERACTIONS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; CLIMATE AB Myriad field, laboratory, and modeling studies show that nutrient availability plays a fundamental role in regulating CO2 exchange between the Earth's biosphere and atmosphere, and in determining how carbon pools and fluxes respond to climatic change. Accordingly, global models that incorporate coupled climate-carbon cycle feedbacks made a significant advance with the introduction of a prognostic nitrogen cycle. Here we propose that incorporating phosphorus cycling represents an important next step in coupled climate-carbon cycling model development, particularly for lowland tropical forests where phosphorus availability is often presumed to limit primary production. We highlight challenges to including phosphorus in modeling efforts and provide suggestions for how to move forward. C1 [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Yang, Xiaojuan; Thornton, Peter E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yang, Xiaojuan; Thornton, Peter E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM screed@usgs.gov RI Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Yang, Xiaojuan/I-3643-2016 OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Yang, Xiaojuan/0000-0002-2686-745X FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences [DE-SC-0011806, DE-SC-0008168]; Earth System Modeling Programs (Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy (ACME) project); Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program (Biogeochemistry Feedbacks Scientific Focus Area (SFA)); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); US Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We are extremely grateful for insights and manuscript suggestions from Stephen Porder, Cory Cleveland, and three anonymous reviewers, all of which significantly improved the manuscript. We thank Leslie Allred and Erika Geiger for help with manuscript preparation and Brett Hopwood for creation of the figure. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences (Awards DE-SC-0011806 and DE-SC-0008168), Earth System Modeling Programs (the Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy (ACME) project), and Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program (the Biogeochemistry Feedbacks Scientific Focus Area (SFA)), and also by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the US Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, and the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 208 IS 2 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1111/nph.13521 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CW0BN UT WOS:000364654200005 PM 26115197 ER PT J AU Falendysz, EA Lopera, JG Lorenzsonn, F Salzer, JS Hutson, CL Doty, J Gallardo-Romero, N Carroll, DS Osorio, JE Rocke, TE AF Falendysz, Elizabeth A. Lopera, Juan G. Lorenzsonn, Faye Salzer, Johanna S. Hutson, Christina L. Doty, Jeffrey Gallardo-Romero, Nadia Carroll, Darin S. Osorio, Jorge E. Rocke, Tonie E. TI Further Assessment of Monkeypox Virus Infection in Gambian Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) Using In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ORTHOPOXVIRUS INFECTION; PRAIRIE DOGS; ANIMALS; AFRICAN; DISEASE; MICE; SQUIRRELS; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; FLORIDA AB Monkeypox is a zoonosis clinically similar to smallpox in humans. Recent evidence has shown a potential risk of increased incidence in central Africa. Despite attempts to isolate the virus from wild rodents and other small mammals, no reservoir host has been identified. In 2003, Monkeypox virus (MPXV) was accidentally introduced into the U.S. via the pet trade and was associated with the Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus). Therefore, we investigated the potential reservoir competence of the Gambian pouched rat for MPXV by utilizing a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods. We inoculated three animals by the intradermal route and three animals by the intranasal route, with one mock-infected control for each route. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) was used to track replicating virus in infected animals and virological assays (e.g. real time PCR, cell culture) were used to determine viral load in blood, urine, ocular, nasal, oral, and rectal swabs. Intradermal inoculation resulted in clinical signs of monkeypox infection in two of three animals. One severely ill animal was euthanized and the other affected animal recovered. In contrast, intranasal inoculation resulted in subclinical infection in all three animals. All animals, regardless of apparent or inapparent infection, shed virus in oral and nasal secretions. Additionally, BLI identified viral replication in the skin without grossly visible lesions. These results suggest that Gambian pouched rats may play an important role in transmission of the virus to humans, as they are hunted for consumption and it is possible for MPXV-infected pouched rats to shed infectious virus without displaying overt clinical signs. C1 [Falendysz, Elizabeth A.; Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Lopera, Juan G.; Lorenzsonn, Faye; Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Salzer, Johanna S.; Hutson, Christina L.; Doty, Jeffrey; Gallardo-Romero, Nadia; Carroll, Darin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Zoonot & Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Falendysz, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov OI Falendysz, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2895-8918; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU National Institutes of Health [NIH R01 TW 8859-3] FX This study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (www.NIH.gov), grant number NIH R01 TW 8859-3. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 9 IS 10 AR e0004130 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004130 PG 19 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CV7NC UT WOS:000364459600035 PM 26517839 ER PT J AU Hutson, CL Nakazawa, YJ Self, J Olson, VA Regnery, RL Braden, Z Weiss, S Malekani, J Jackson, E Tate, M Karem, KL Rocke, TE Osorio, JE Damon, IK Carroll, DS AF Hutson, Christina L. Nakazawa, Yoshinori J. Self, Joshua Olson, Victoria A. Regnery, Russell L. Braden, Zachary Weiss, Sonja Malekani, Jean Jackson, Eddie Tate, Mallory Karem, Kevin L. Rocke, Tonie E. Osorio, Jorge E. Damon, Inger K. Carroll, Darin S. TI Laboratory Investigations of African Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) as a Potential Reservoir Host Species for Monkeypox Virus SO PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases LA English DT Article ID TIME PCR ASSAYS; CONGO BASIN; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; WEST-AFRICAN; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; TRANSMISSION; SQUIRRELS; DISEASE; OUTBREAKS; SMALLPOX AB Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease endemic to central and western Africa, where it is a major public health concern. Although Monkeypox virus (MPXV) and monkeypox disease in humans have been well characterized, little is known about its natural history, or its maintenance in animal populations of sylvatic reservoir(s). In 2003, several species of rodents imported from Ghana were involved in a monkeypox outbreak in the United States with individuals of three African rodent genera (Cricetomys, Graphiurus, Funisciurus) shown to be infected with MPXV. Here, we examine the course of MPXV infection in Cricetomys gambianus (pouched Gambian rats) and this rodent species' competence as a host for the virus. We obtained ten Gambian rats from an introduced colony in Grassy Key, Florida and infected eight of these via scarification with a challenge dose of 4X10(4) plaque forming units (pfu) from either of the two primary clades of MPXV: Congo Basin (C-MPXV: n = 4) or West African (W-MPXV: n = 4); an additional 2 animals served as PBS controls. Viral shedding and the effect of infection on activity and physiological aspects of the animals were measured. MPXV challenged animals had significantly higher core body temperatures, reduced activity and increased weight loss than PBS controls. Viable virus was found in samples taken from animals in both experimental groups (C-MPXV and W-MPXV) between 3 and 27 days post infection (p.i.) (up to 1X10(8) pfu/ml), with viral DNA found until day 56 p.i. The results from this work show that Cricetomys gambianus (and by inference, probably the closely related species, Cricetomys emini) can be infected with MPXV and shed viable virus particles; thus suggesting that these animals may be involved in the maintenance of MPXV in wildlife mammalian populations. More research is needed to elucidate the epidemiology of MPXV and the role of Gambian rats and other species. C1 [Hutson, Christina L.; Nakazawa, Yoshinori J.; Self, Joshua; Olson, Victoria A.; Regnery, Russell L.; Braden, Zachary; Weiss, Sonja; Karem, Kevin L.; Damon, Inger K.; Carroll, Darin S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Malekani, Jean] Univ Kinshasa, Dept Biol, Kinshasa, Congo. [Jackson, Eddie; Tate, Mallory] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hutson, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM zuu6@cdc.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1R01TW008859-01] FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant 1R01TW008859-01 ("Sylvatic Reservoirs of Human Monkeypox"). The NIH funders had no role in our study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 9 IS 10 AR e0004013 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004013 PG 20 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CV7NC UT WOS:000364459600007 PM 26517724 ER PT J AU Baughman, CA Jones, BM Bartz, KK Young, DB Zimmerman, CE AF Baughman, Carson A. Jones, Benjamin M. Bartz, Krista K. Young, Daniel B. Zimmerman, Christian E. TI Reconstructing Turbidity in a Glacially Influenced Lake Using the Landsat TM and ETM plus Surface Reflectance Climate Data Record Archive, Lake Clark, Alaska SO Remote Sensing LA English DT Article DE Climate Data Records; essential climate variables; Landsat TM; Landsat ETM; Lake Clark; turbidity; sockeye salmon; water clarity; freshwater ecosystems ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS; WATER CLARITY; NEW-ZEALAND; CHLOROPHYLL; ECOSYSTEMS; RETRIEVAL; IMAGES; RIVER; MSS AB Lake Clark is an important nursery lake for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the headwaters of Bristol Bay, Alaska, the most productive wild salmon fishery in the world. Reductions in water clarity within Alaska lake systems as a result of increased glacial runoff have been shown to reduce salmon production via reduced abundance of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates. In this study, we reconstruct long-term, lake-wide water clarity for Lake Clark using the Landsat TM and ETM+ surface reflectance products (1985-2014) and in situ water clarity data collected between 2009 and 2013. Analysis of a Landsat scene acquired in 2009, coincident with in situ measurements in the lake, and uncertainty analysis with four scenes acquired within two weeks of field data collection showed that Band 3 surface reflectance was the best indicator of turbidity (r(2) = 0.55, RMSE << 0.01). We then processed 151 (98 partial- and 53 whole-lake) Landsat scenes using this relation and detected no significant long-term trend in mean turbidity for Lake Clark between 1991 and 2014. We did, however, detect interannual variation that exhibited a non-significant (r(2) = 0.20) but positive correlation (r = 0.20) with regional mean summer air temperature and found the month of May exhibited a significant positive trend (r(2) = 0.68, p = 0.02) in turbidity between 2000 and 2014. This study demonstrates the utility of hindcasting turbidity in a glacially influenced lake using the Landsat surface reflectance products. It may also help land and resource managers reconstruct turbidity records for lakes that lack in situ monitoring, and may be useful in predicting future water clarity conditions based on projected climate scenarios. C1 [Baughman, Carson A.; Jones, Benjamin M.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Bartz, Krista K.] Natl Pk Serv, Southwest Alaska Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Young, Daniel B.] Natl Pk Serv, Lake Clark Natl Pk & Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK 99653 USA. RP Baughman, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cbaughman@usgs.gov; bjones@usgs.gov; krista_bartz@nps.gov; dan_young@nps.gov; czimmerman@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center; Land Remote Sensing Program; Land Change Science Program FX This project was funded by the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center, Land Remote Sensing Program, and Land Change Science Program. We thank the staff of Lake Clark National Park and Preserve for logistic support and Jen Wiley, Jeff Nelson, Evan Booher, and Nicole Abeln for help in the field. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 7 IS 10 BP 13692 EP 13710 DI 10.3390/rs71013692 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CV5RK UT WOS:000364328600051 ER PT J AU Wogan, GOU Richmond, JQ AF Wogan, Guinevere O. U. Richmond, Jonathan Q. TI Niche divergence builds the case for ecological speciation in skinks of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; environmental niche models; niche overlap; phenotype-environment association; thermal adaptation ID AMERICAN SCINCID LIZARDS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; THERMAL BIOLOGY; CONSERVATISM; ECTOTHERMS; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; RESPONSES; LATITUDE AB Adaptation to different thermal environments has the potential to cause evolutionary changes that are sufficient to drive ecological speciation. Here, we examine whether climate-based niche divergence in lizards of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex is consistent with the outcomes of such a process. Previous work on this group shows that a mechanical sexual barrier has evolved between species that differ mainly in body size and that the barrier may be a by-product of selection for increased body size in lineages that have invaded xeric environments; however, baseline information on niche divergence among members of the group is lacking. We quantified the climatic niche using mechanistic physiological and correlative niche models and then estimated niche differences among species using ordination techniques and tests of niche overlap and equivalency. Our results show that the thermal niches of size-divergent, reproductively isolated morphospecies are significantly differentiated and that precipitation may have been as important as temperature in causing increased shifts in body size in xeric habitats. While these findings alone do not demonstrate thermal adaptation or identify the cause of speciation, their integration with earlier genetic and behavioral studies provides a useful test of phenotype-environment associations that further support the case for ecological speciation in these lizards. C1 [Wogan, Guinevere O. U.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Richmond, Jonathan Q.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Wogan, GOU (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Integrat Biol, 3101 Valley Life Sci Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gwogan@berkeley.edu OI Wogan, Guinevere/0000-0003-1877-0591 FU Berkeley Research Impact Initative (BRII) - UC Berkeley Library FX The authors thank Sean Rovito, Ammon Corl, the Jim McGuire lab (UC Berkeley), Kristine Preston (U.S. Geological Survey), and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on drafts of this article. We also thank William Monahan for providing detailed explanation for his method of constructing mechanistic models from critical thermal data. Publication made possible in part by support from the Berkeley Research Impact Initative (BRII) sponsored by the UC Berkeley Library. Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 5 IS 20 BP 4683 EP 4695 DI 10.1002/ece3.1610 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CU7OP UT WOS:000363731500016 PM 26668732 ER PT J AU Bishop, DA Beier, CM Pederson, N Lawrence, GB Stella, JC Sullivan, TJ AF Bishop, Daniel A. Beier, Colin M. Pederson, Neil Lawrence, Gregory B. Stella, John C. Sullivan, Timothy J. TI Regional growth decline of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and its potential causes SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Acer saccharum; acid rain; Adirondack Mountains; climate change; dendrochronology; northern hardwood forests; sugar maple; tree rings ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-YORK; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; RED SPRUCE; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; CALCIUM GRADIENT; FOREST SOILS; STRESS AB Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) has experienced poor vigor, regeneration failure, and elevated mortality across much of its range, but there has been relatively little attention to its growth rates. Based on a well-replicated dendrochronological network of range-centered populations in the Adirondack Mountains (USA), which encompassed a wide gradient of soil fertility, we observed that the majority of sugar maple trees exhibited negative growth trends in the last several decades, regardless of age, diameter, or soil fertility. Such growth patterns were unexpected, given recent warming and increased moisture availability, as well as reduced acidic deposition, which should have favored growth. Mean basal area increment was greater on base-rich soils, but these stands also experienced sharp reductions in growth. Growth sensitivity of sugar maple to temperature and precipitation was non-stationary during the last century, with overall weaker relationships than expected. Given the favorable competitive status and age structure of the Adirondack sugar maple populations sampled, evidence of widespread growth reductions raises concern over this ecologically and economically important tree. Further study will be needed to establish whether growth declines of sugar maple are occurring more widely across its range. C1 [Bishop, Daniel A.; Beier, Colin M.; Stella, John C.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Bishop, Daniel A.; Pederson, Neil] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Bishop, Daniel A.; Pederson, Neil] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Beier, Colin M.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Adirondack Ecol Ctr, Newcomb, NY 12852 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Sullivan, Timothy J.] E&S Environm Chem Inc, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bishop, DA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, 324 N Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. EM dbishop@fas.harvard.edu FU USDA-CSREES McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program at SUNY-ESF; USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority FX This research was supported by the USDA-CSREES McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program at SUNY-ESF, USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative, and New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. We thank the PRISM group for providing free access to their 4 km products. We also thank B. Buckley, A. P. Williams, A. Hinton, D. Parry, E. Cook, and J. Wiley for assistance with data compilation and analysis. This work would not have been possible without the support of the Adirondack Ecological Center at the Huntington Wildlife Forest. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 16 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2015 VL 6 IS 10 AR 179 DI 10.1890/ES15-00260.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV1NF UT WOS:000364024300008 ER PT J AU Clement, MJ O'Keefe, JM Walters, B AF Clement, Matthew J. O'Keefe, Joy M. Walters, Brianne TI A method for estimating abundance of mobile populations using telemetry and counts of unmarked animals SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE abundance estimator; coincidence rate; exit counts; fission-fusion; Indiana bats; Myotis sodalis; social groups; surveys ID FISSION-FUSION DYNAMICS; ENDANGERED INDIANA BAT; N-MIXTURE MODELS; MYOTIS-SEPTENTRIONALIS; MATERNITY COLONIES; SIZE; ASSOCIATION; LANDSCAPE; RECAPTURE; CAPTURE AB While numerous methods exist for estimating abundance when detection is imperfect, these methods may not be appropriate due to logistical difficulties or unrealistic assumptions. In particular, if highly mobile taxa are frequently absent from survey locations, methods that estimate a probability of detection conditional on presence will generate biased abundance estimates. Here, we propose a new estimator for estimating abundance of mobile populations using telemetry and counts of unmarked animals. The estimator assumes that the target population conforms to a fission-fusion grouping pattern, in which the population is divided into groups that frequently change in size and composition. If assumptions are met, it is not necessary to locate all groups in the population to estimate abundance. We derive an estimator, perform a simulation study, conduct a power analysis, and apply the method to field data. The simulation study confirmed that our estimator is asymptotically unbiased with low bias, narrow confidence intervals, and good coverage, given a modest survey effort. The power analysis provided initial guidance on survey effort. When applied to small data sets obtained by radio-tracking Indiana bats, abundance estimates were reasonable, although imprecise. The proposed method has the potential to improve abundance estimates for mobile species that have a fission-fusion social structure, such as Indiana bats, because it does not condition detection on presence at survey locations and because it avoids certain restrictive assumptions. C1 [Clement, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [O'Keefe, Joy M.; Walters, Brianne] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Clement, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mclement@gmail.com FU Indianapolis Airport Authority; Indiana State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Division of Endangered Species FX Surveys were funded by the Indianapolis Airport Authority and Indiana State University. We thank all surveyors for their extraordinary efforts, particularly John Whitaker and Dale Sparks. Analysis and publication were funded by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Division of Endangered Species. Jim Nichols, Erik Osnas, Jennifer Szymanski, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on a draft of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2015 VL 6 IS 10 AR 184 DI 10.1890/ES15-00180.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV1NF UT WOS:000364024300013 ER PT J AU Gedir, JV Cain, JW Harris, G Turnbull, TT AF Gedir, Jay V. Cain, James W., III Harris, Grant Turnbull, Trey T. TI Effects of climate change on long-term population growth of pronghorn in an arid environment SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; climate change; density dependence; integrated Bayesian population models; large herbivores; population dynamics; rainfall effects; southwestern United States; standardized precipitation index ID TRANS-PECOS TEXAS; MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; PLANT PHENOLOGY; ANTILOCAPRA-AMERICANA; SONORAN PRONGHORN; LIFE-HISTORY; RED DEER; DYNAMICS; MORTALITY AB Climate often drives ungulate population dynamics, and as climates change, some areas may become unsuitable for species persistence. Unraveling the relationships between climate and population dynamics, and projecting them across time, advances ecological understanding that informs and steers sustainable conservation for species. Using pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) as an ecological model, we used a Bayesian approach to analyze long-term population, precipitation, and temperature data from 18 populations in the southwestern United States. We determined which long-term (12 and 24 months) or short-term (gestation trimester and lactation period) climatic conditions best predicted annual rate of population growth (lambda). We used these predictions to project population trends through 2090. Projections incorporated downscaled climatic data matched to pronghorn range for each population, given a high and a lower atmospheric CO2 concentration scenario. Since the 1990s, 15 of the pronghorn populations declined in abundance. Sixteen populations demonstrated a significant relationship between precipitation and lambda, and in 13 of these, temperature was also significant. Precipitation predictors of lambda were highly seasonal, with lactation being the most important period, followed by early and late gestation. The influence of temperature on k was less seasonal than precipitation, and lacked a clear temporal pattern. The climatic projections indicated that all of these pronghorn populations would experience increased temperatures, while the direction and magnitude of precipitation had high population-specific variation. Models predicted that nine populations would be extirpated or approaching extirpation by 2090. Results were consistent across both atmospheric CO2 concentration scenarios, indicating robustness of trends irrespective of climatic severity. In the southwestern United States, the climate underpinning pronghorn populations is shifting, making conditions increasingly inhospitable to pronghorn persistence. This realization informs and steers conservation and management decisions for pronghorn in North America, while exemplifying how similar research can aid ungulates inhabiting arid regions and confronting similar circumstances elsewhere. C1 [Gedir, Jay V.; Turnbull, Trey T.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Cain, James W., III] New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, US Geol Survey, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Harris, Grant] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Gedir, JV (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jwcain@nmsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station FX Funding for this study provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, World Climate Research Programme Working Group on Coupled Modelling, and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science for climate data. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (A. Aounde, J. Shannon), Arizona Game and Fish Department (A. Munig), New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (K. Rodden, R. Darr), Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (S. Gray), and Armendaris Ranch (T. Waddell, R. Lee) for pronghorn population data. J. Hines for assistance with population projection models and M. Boggie for assistance with ArcGIS. T. Waddell asked the initial question and was generous with sharing his experiences and ideas. Helpful comments by B. A. Millsap and J. P. Marshal improved earlier drafts of this paper. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2015 VL 6 IS 10 AR 189 DI 10.1890/ES15-00266.1 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV1NF UT WOS:000364024300018 ER PT J AU Grant, TJ Otis, DL Koford, RR AF Grant, Tyler J. Otis, David L. Koford, Rolf R. TI Short-term anuran community dynamics in the Missouri River floodplain following an historic flood SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Acris blanchardi; amphibian metapopulation dynamics; Anaxyrus woodhousii; disturbance; Hyla chrysocelis; Hyla versicolor; Lithobates blairi; Lithobates catesbeianus; Lithobates pipiens; Missouri River floodplain; occupancy estimation; Pseudacris maculate ID TOAD BUFO-WOODHOUSEI; LANDSCAPE RESISTANCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; AMPHIBIANS; POPULATIONS; HABITAT; DISTURBANCE; OCCUPANCY; WETLANDS; ECOLOGY AB Extreme ecological disturbances such as floods, wildfires, and droughts are difficult to study because they are rare and unpredictable. We had the opportunity to study the effect of an historic flood on an anuran community in the Missouri River floodplain. We used occupancy estimation to estimate the proportion of wetlands occupied by calling adult male anurans. Three species-the plains leopard frog (Lithobates blairi), Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii), and Blanchard's cricket frog (Acris blanchardi)-had only minor changes in occupancy rate two years after the flood. Colonization rates for these species were positively associated with wetlands that were shallower near the shore and they did not appear to be affected by reduced vegetation. Three other species or species complexes-the northern leopard frog ( Lithobates pipiens), the gray treefrog complex (Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysocelis), and the boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata)-had greatly reduced occupancy rates two years after the flood. Colonization rates for these species were relatively low, while they had high extinction rates. Colonization rates for these species were not associated with any habitat characteristic we measured. Future flood events will likely continue to make northern leopard frogs, gray treefrogs, and boreal chorus frogs a less important part of the ecological community. While some species may fare well under extreme climate events, such as this flood, that are forecast under climate change scenarios, many species will struggle. C1 [Grant, Tyler J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Otis, David L.; Koford, Rolf R.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Grant, TJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tgrant@iastate.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2015 VL 6 IS 10 AR 197 DI 10.1890/ES15-00011.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV1NF UT WOS:000364024300026 ER PT J AU Hough-Snee, N Laub, BG Merritt, DM Long, AL Nackley, LL Roper, BB Wheaton, JM AF Hough-Snee, Nate Laub, Brian G. Merritt, David M. Long, A. Lexine Nackley, Lloyd L. Roper, Brett B. Wheaton, Joseph M. TI Multi-scale environmental filters and niche partitioning govern the distributions of riparian vegetation guilds SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change; community assembly; functional diversity; landscape ecology; life history strategy; riparian disturbance-response guilds; riparian flow-response guilds; riparian management ID HEADWATER STREAMS; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; FLOW ALTERATIONS; RIVER; RESPONSES; HABITAT; USA AB Across landscapes, riparian plant communities assemble under varying levels of disturbance, environmental stress, and resource availability, leading to the development of distinct riparian life-history guilds over evolutionary timescales. Identifying the environmental filters that exert selective pressures on specific riparian vegetation guilds is a critical step in setting baseline expectations for how riparian vegetation may respond to environmental conditions anticipated under future global change scenarios. In this study, we ask: (1) What riparian plant guilds exist across the interior Columbia and upper Missouri River basins? (2) What environmental filters shape riparian guild distributions? (3) How does resource partitioning among guilds influence guild distributions and co-occurrence? Woody species composition was measured at 703 stream reaches and each species' morphological and functional attributes were extracted from a database in four categories: (1) life form, (2) persistence and growth, (3) reproduction, and (4) resource use. We clustered species into guilds by morphological characteristics and attributes related to environmental tolerances, modeling these guilds' distributions as a function of environmental filters-regional climate, watershed hydrogeomorphic characteristics, and stream channel form-and guild coexistence. We identified five guilds: (1) a tall, deeply rooted, long-lived, evergreen tree guild, (2) a xeric, disturbance tolerant shrub guild, (3) a hydrophytic, thicket-forming shrub guild, (4) a low-statured, shade-tolerant, understory shrub guild, and (5) a flood tolerant, mesoriparian shrub guild. Guilds were most strongly discriminated by species' rooting depth, canopy height and potential to resprout and grow following biomass-removing disturbance (e.g., flooding, fire). Hydro-climatic variables, including precipitation, watershed area, water table depth, and channel form attributes reflective of hydrologic regime, were predictors of guilds whose life history strategies had affinity or aversion to flooding, drought, and fluvial disturbance. Biotic interactions excluded guilds with divergent life history strategies and/or allowed for the co-occurrence of guilds that partition resources differently in the same environment. We conclude that the riparian guild framework provides insight into how disturbance and bioclimatic gradients shape riparian functional plant diversity across heterogeneous landscapes. Multiple environmental filters should be considered when the riparian response guild framework is to be used as a decision-support tool framework across large spatial extents. C1 [Hough-Snee, Nate; Laub, Brian G.; Long, A. Lexine; Roper, Brett B.; Wheaton, Joseph M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hough-Snee, Nate; Laub, Brian G.; Long, A. Lexine; Roper, Brett B.; Wheaton, Joseph M.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Stream & Aquat Ecol Ctr, Nat Resource Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Long, A. Lexine] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Nackley, Lloyd L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Roper, Brett B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Stream & Aquat Ecol Ctr, Forest Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Hough-Snee, N (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM nate@natehough-snee.org RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010; OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150; Hough-Snee, Nate/0000-0003-4581-0931 FU Utah State University; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [91768201-0]; USFS Region 1; USFS Region 4; USFS Region 6; BLM state field office in Washington; BLM state field office in Oregon; BLM state field office in Idaho FX N. Hough-Snee, D. M. Merritt, and B. B. Roper conceptualized the project. N. Hough-Snee, B. G. Laub, A. L. Long, and L. L. Nackley assembled species and trait information and built a riparian guild database. N. Hough-Snee performed database work, statistical analyses, and created figures and tables. N. HoughSnee, B. G. Laub, D. M. Merritt, A. L. Long, L. L. Nackley, B. B. Roper, and J. M. Wheaton wrote the manuscript. We thank Martha Jensen, Wally MacFarlane, Rebecca Rossi, Alex Walker, Ryan Sponseller, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on manuscript drafts, Nancy Huntly, Daniel Sarr, Mike Scott, and Julie Stromberg for meaningful discussions regarding riparian vegetation guilds, and USFS employees for data collection and stewardship. USFS Regions 1, 4, and 6, and BLM state field offices in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho funded data collection and management through the PACFISH/INFISH Biological Opinion EMP. N. Hough-Snee was supported in part by a Presidential Fellowship from Utah State University and STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement number 91768201-0 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This research has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors. EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2015 VL 6 IS 10 AR 173 DI 10.1890/ES15-00064.1 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV1NF UT WOS:000364024300002 ER PT J AU DeRose, RJ Bekker, MF Wang, SY Buckley, BM Kjelgren, RK Bardsley, T Rittenour, TM Allen, EB AF DeRose, R. J. Bekker, M. F. Wang, S-Y. Buckley, B. M. Kjelgren, R. K. Bardsley, T. Rittenour, T. M. Allen, E. B. TI A millennium-length reconstruction of Bear River stream flow, Utah SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendrohydrology; Drought; Medieval Warm Period; Mega-droughts; Pacific Ocean teleconnection; Water management ID GREAT-SALT-LAKE; QUASI-DECADAL OSCILLATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHEASTERN UTAH; UINTA MOUNTAINS; TREE; USA; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; CALIBRATION AB The Bear River contributes more water to the eastern Great Basin than any other river system. It is also the most significant source of water for the burgeoning Wasatch Front metropolitan area in northern Utah. Despite its importance for water resources for the region's agricultural, urban, and wildlife needs, our understanding of the variability of Bear River's stream flow derives entirely from the short instrumental record (1943-2010). Here we present a 1200-year calibrated and verified tree-ring reconstruction of stream flow for the Bear River that explains 67% of the variance of the instrumental record over the period from 1943 to 2010. Furthermore, we developed this reconstruction from a species that is not typically used for dendroclimatology, Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). We identify highly significant periodicity in our reconstruction at quasi-decadal (7-8 year), multi-decadal (30 year), and centennial (>50 years) scales. The latter half of the 20th century was found to be the 2nd wettest (similar to 40-year) period of the past 1200 years, while the first half of the 20th century marked the 4th driest period. The most severe period of reduced stream flow occurred during the Medieval Warm Period (ca. mid-1200s CE) and persisted for 70 years. Upper-level circulation anomalies suggest that atmospheric teleconnections originating in the western tropical Pacific are responsible for the delivery of precipitation to the Bear River watershed during the October-December (OND) season of the previous year. The Bear River flow was compared to recent reconstructions of the other tributaries to the Great Salt Lake (GSL) and the GSL level. Implications for water management could be drawn from the observation that the latter half of the 20th century was the 2nd wettest in 1200 years, and that management for future water supply should take into account the stream flow variability over the past millennium. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeRose, R. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Inventory & Anal, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Bekker, M. F.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geog, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wang, S-Y.; Kjelgren, R. K.] Utah State Univ, Plant Soil & Climate Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Buckley, B. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Bardsley, T.] Western Water Assessment, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Rittenour, T. M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Allen, E. B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP DeRose, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Inventory & Anal, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM rjderose@fs.fed.us FU Wasatch Dendroclimatology Research Group (WADR); U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, WaterSmart [R13AC80039] FX The Wasatch Dendroclimatology Research Group (WADR) was crucial for funding and guidance associated with this project. Special thanks go to Le Canh Nam, Nguyen Thiet, Justin Britton, Slaton Wheeler, Calli Nielsen, Hannah Gray, and Jackson Deere for their field and lab help. Funding was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, WaterSmart Grant No. R13AC80039. We would like to thank Jennefer Parker on the Logan Ranger District of the Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Karl Fuelling on the Minidoka Ranger District, Sawtooth National Forest, and Charley Gilmore for permission to sample. We acknowledge the comments of two anonymous reviewers that greatly improved the paper. This paper was prepared in part by an employee of the US Forest Service as part of official duties and is therefore in the public domain. Utah State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, approved as journal paper no. 8771. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution no. 7864. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 529 SI SI BP 524 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.014 PN 2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CV4PM UT WOS:000364249000010 ER PT J AU Kaban, MK Mooney, WD Petrunin, AG AF Kaban, Mikhail K. Mooney, Walter D. Petrunin, Alexey G. TI Cratonic root beneath North America shifted by basal drag from the convecting mantle SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN MOTION; LITHOSPHERE; THICKNESS; VISCOSITY; EVOLUTION; TIME; FLOW AB Stable continental cratons are the oldest geologic features on the planet. They have survived 3.8 to 2.5 billion years of Earth's evolution(1,2). The key to the preservation of cratons lies in their strong and thick lithospheric roots, which are neutrally or positively buoyant with respect to surrounding mantle(3,4). Most of these Archaean-aged cratonic roots are thought to have remained stable since their formation and to be too viscous to be affected by mantle convection(2,3,5). Here we use a combination of gravity, topography, crustal structure and seismic tomography data to show that the deepest part of the craton root beneath the North American Superior Province has shifted about 850 km to the west-southwest relative to the centre of the craton. We use numerical model simulations to show that this shift could have been caused by basal drag induced by mantle flow, implying that mantle flow can alter craton structure. Our observations contradict the conventional view of cratons as static, non-evolving geologic features. We conclude that there could be significant interaction between deep continental roots and the convecting mantle. C1 [Kaban, Mikhail K.; Petrunin, Alexey G.] Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Earth Syst Modelling, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Petrunin, Alexey G.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Kaban, MK (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Earth Syst Modelling, Telegrafenberg A20, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM kaban@gfz-potsdam.de FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [PE2167/1-1]; US Geological Survey FX This study was partly supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant PE2167/1-1) and the US Geological Survey. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 797 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2525 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV0OW UT WOS:000363951200021 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Short, AD Harley, MD Splinter, KD Vitousek, S Turner, IL Allan, J Banno, M Bryan, KR Doria, A Hansen, JE Kato, S Kuriyama, Y Randall-Goodwin, E Ruggiero, P Walker, IJ Heathfield, DK AF Barnard, Patrick L. Short, Andrew D. Harley, Mitchell D. Splinter, Kristen D. Vitousek, Sean Turner, Ian L. Allan, Jonathan Banno, Masayuki Bryan, Karin R. Doria, Andre Hansen, Jeff E. Kato, Shigeru Kuriyama, Yoshiaki Randall-Goodwin, Evan Ruggiero, Peter Walker, Ian J. Heathfield, Derek K. TI Coastal vulnerability across the Pacific dominated by El Nino/Southern Oscillation SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WAVE CLIMATE; SEA-LEVEL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; BEACH; VARIABILITY; NINO; FREQUENCY; EVENTS; HEIGHT AB To predict future coastal hazards, it is important to quantify any links between climate drivers and spatial patterns of coastal change. However, most studies of future coastal vulnerability do not account for the dynamic components of coastal water levels during storms, notably wave-driven processes, storm surges and seasonal water level anomalies, although these components can add metres to water levels during extreme events. Here we synthesize multi-decadal, co-located data assimilated between 1979 and 2012 that describe wave climate, local water levels and coastal change for 48 beaches throughout the Pacific Ocean basin. We find that observed coastal erosion across the Pacific varies most closely with El Nino/Southern Oscillation, with a smaller influence from the Southern Annular Mode and the Pacific North American pattern. In the northern and southern Pacific Ocean, regional wave and water level anomalies are significantly correlated to a suite of climate indices, particularly during boreal winter; conditions in the northeast Pacific Ocean are often opposite to those in the western and southern Pacific. We conclude that, if projections for an increasing frequency of extreme El Nino and La Nina events over the twenty-first century are confirmed, then populated regions on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean basin could be alternately exposed to extreme coastal erosion and flooding, independent of sea-level rise. C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Vitousek, Sean; Randall-Goodwin, Evan] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Short, Andrew D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Harley, Mitchell D.] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [Harley, Mitchell D.; Splinter, Kristen D.; Turner, Ian L.] UNSW Australia, Water Res Lab, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2093, Australia. [Allan, Jonathan] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Banno, Masayuki; Kuriyama, Yoshiaki] Port & Airport Res Inst, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2390826, Japan. [Bryan, Karin R.] Univ Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Doria, Andre] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hansen, Jeff E.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Kato, Shigeru] Toyohashi Univ Technol, Aichi 4418580, Japan. [Randall-Goodwin, Evan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Walker, Ian J.; Heathfield, Derek K.] Univ Victoria, Coastal Eros & Dune Dynam CEDD Lab, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov RI Bryan, Karin/M-5311-2016; OI Bryan, Karin/0000-0002-4480-740X; Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the United States Geological Survey; California Department of Boating and Waterways; United States Army Corps of Engineers; Australian Research Council; Warringah Council FX Funding for this project was provided by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the United States Geological Survey. California beach survey data collection was funded by the California Department of Boating and Waterways and the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Many thanks to C. Fletcher, A. Gibbs and B. Richmond for providing beach survey data from Hawaii. Waikato Regional Council and Hawkes Bay Regional Council provided the New Zealand data. Australian survey data collection in New South Wales was supported by the Australian Research Council and Warringah Council, with Queensland data provided by Gold Coast City Council. Wave and water level data for these sites was supplied by Manly Hydraulics Laboratory (New South Wales) and Gold Coast City Council (Queensland). NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 801 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2539 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV0OW UT WOS:000363951200022 ER PT J AU New, LF Hall, AJ Harcourt, R Kaufman, G Parsons, ECM Pearson, HC Cosentino, AM Schick, RS AF New, Leslie F. Hall, Ailsa J. Harcourt, Robert Kaufman, Greg Parsons, E. C. M. Pearson, Heidi C. Cosentino, A. Mel Schick, Robert S. TI The modelling and assessment of whale-watching impacts SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Marine Conservation Congress (IMCC3) CY AUG 14-18, 2014 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND DE Anthropogenic impacts; Disturbance; Management; Marine mammals; Sustainable tourism ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; ORCINUS-ORCA; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HUMPBACK WHALES; NEW-ZEALAND; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOR; DOUBTFUL SOUND; TOUR BOATS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS AB In recent years there has been significant interest in modelling cumulative effects and the population consequences of individual changes in cetacean behaviour and physiology due to disturbance. One potential source of disturbance that has garnered particular interest is whale-watching. Though perceived as 'green' or eco-friendly tourism, there is evidence that whale-watching can result in statistically significant and biologically meaningful changes in cetacean behaviour, raising the question whether whale-watching is in fact a long term sustainable activity. However, an assessment of the impacts of whale-watching on cetaceans requires an understanding of the potential behavioural and physiological effects, data to effectively address the question and suitable modelling techniques. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the viability of long-term whale-watching, as well as logistical limitations and potential opportunities. We conclude that an integrated, coordinated approach will be needed to further understanding of the possible effects of whale-watching on cetaceans. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [New, Leslie F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Hall, Ailsa J.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Harcourt, Robert] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fac Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Kaufman, Greg] Pacific Whale Fdn, Maui, HI 96793 USA. [Parsons, E. C. M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Pearson, Heidi C.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Cosentino, A. Mel] Wild Earth Fdn, Peninsula Valdes, Chubut, Argentina. [Schick, Robert S.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY19 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [New, Leslie F.] Washington State Univ Vancouver, Dept Math, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP New, LF (reprint author), Washington State Univ Vancouver, Dept Math, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM lnew@usgs.gov; ajh7@st-andrews.ac.uk; robert.harcourt@mq.edu.au; greg@pacificwhale.org; ecm-parsons@earthlink.net; heidi.pearson@uas.alaska.edu; orcinus.orca.1758@gmail.com; rss5@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Parsons, Edward Christien/C-2409-2011; OI Parsons, Edward Christien/0000-0002-0464-1046; Harcourt, Robert/0000-0003-4666-2934 NR 96 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 17 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 115 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.006 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA CV4QT UT WOS:000364252300003 ER PT J AU Bruggeman, JE Swem, T Andersen, DE Kennedy, PL Nigro, D AF Bruggeman, Jason E. Swem, Ted Andersen, David E. Kennedy, Patricia L. Nigro, Debora TI Dynamics of a recovering Arctic bird population: the importance of climate, density dependence, and site quality SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance; apparent survival rate; Arctic Peregrine Falcons; climate change; Colville River Special Area (CRSA), Alaska, USA; Dail-Madsen model; density dependence; Falco peregrinus tundrius; National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A); Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); population dynamics; snowpack ID FALCON FALCO-PEREGRINUS; EAGLE HIERAAETUS-FASCIATUS; CENTRAL WEST GREENLAND; BREEDING SUCCESS; BONELLIS EAGLE; HABITAT SELECTION; NESTING HABITAT; TOP PREDATOR; WEATHER; SURVIVAL AB Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect vital rates and population-level processes, and understanding these factors is paramount to devising successful management plans for wildlife species. For example, birds time migration in response, in part, to local and broadscale climate fluctuations to initiate breeding upon arrival to nesting territories, and prolonged inclement weather early in the breeding season can inhibit egg-laying and reduce productivity. Also, density-dependent regulation occurs in raptor populations, as territory size is related to resource availability. Arctic Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius; hereafter Arctic peregrine) have a limited and northern breeding distribution, including the Colville River Special Area (CRSA) in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, USA. We quantified influences of climate, topography, nest productivity, prey habitat, density dependence, and interspecific competition affecting Arctic peregrines in the CRSA by applying the DailMadsen model to estimate abundance and vital rates of adults on nesting cliffs from 1981 through 2002. Arctic peregrine abundance increased throughout the 1980s, which spanned the population's recovery from DDT-induced reproductive failure, until exhibiting a stationary trend in the 1990s. Apparent survival rate (i.e., emigration; death) was negatively correlated with the number of adult Arctic peregrines on the cliff the previous year, suggesting effects of density-dependent population regulation. Apparent survival and arrival rates (i.e., immigration; recruitment) were higher during years with earlier snowmelt and milder winters, and apparent survival was positively correlated with nesting season maximum daily temperature. Arrival rate was positively correlated with average Arctic peregrine productivity along a cliff segment from the previous year and initial abundance was positively correlated with cliff height. Higher cliffs with documented higher productivity (presumably indicative of higher-quality habitat), are a priority for continued protection from potential nearby development and disturbance to minimize population-level impacts. Climate change may affect Arctic peregrines in multiple ways, including through access to more snow-free nest sites and a lengthened breeding season that may increase likelihood of nest success. Our work provides insight into factors affecting a population during and after recovery, and demonstrates how the Dail-Madsen model can be used for any unmarked population with multiple years of abundance data collected through repeated surveys. C1 [Bruggeman, Jason E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Swem, Ted] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Nigro, Debora] Bur Land Management, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Bruggeman, JE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM brug0006@umn.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA FX Funding for this study was provided by the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. We are grateful to T. Cade and C. White for their tremendous contributions to the study and conservation of raptors in Alaska, including their seminal work on raptor ecology along the Colville River in the 1950s and 1960s. S. Ambrose led peregrine monitoring efforts in Alaska for many years and we appreciate his leadership and support. We thank C. Hamfler for providing GIS data and support and 32 colleagues who provided insight and helped collect the data used in this paper. B. Dittrick, P. Schempf, and J. Silva led survey efforts in 1983, 1984, and 1986, respectively, and we thank them for use of their observations. Comments from D. Clark and two anonymous referees greatly improved the clarity of the manuscript. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the University of Minnesota. NR 82 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 86 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1932 EP 1943 DI 10.1890/14-1591.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT1BR UT WOS:000362532600016 PM 26591458 ER PT J AU Businger, S Huff, R Pattantyus, A Horton, K Sutton, AJ Elias, T Cherubini, T AF Businger, Steven Huff, Roy Pattantyus, Andre Horton, Keith Sutton, A. Jeff Elias, Tamar Cherubini, Tiziana TI OBSERVING AND FORECASTING VOG DISPERSION FROM KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODELING OPTICAL TURBULENCE; MAUNA-KEA; EMISSIONS; AEROSOL; PLUME; DEPOSITION; SYSTEM; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION AB Emissions from Klauea volcano, known locally as vog for volcanic smog, pose significant environmental and health risks to the Hawaiian community. The Vog Measurement and Prediction (VMAP) project was conceived to help mitigate the negative impacts of Klauea's emissions. To date, the VMAP project has achieved the following milestones: i) created a custom application of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT, hereafter Vog model) to produce statewide forecasts of the concentration and dispersion of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate aerosol from Klauea volcano; ii) developed an ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer array to provide near-real-time volcanic gas emission rate measurements for use as input into the Vog model; iii) developed and deployed a stationary array of ambient SO2 and meteorological sensors to record the spatial characteristics of Klauea's gas plume in high temporal and spatial resolution for model verification; and iv) developed web-based tools to facilitate the dissemination of observations and model forecasts to provide guidance for safety officials and the public, and to raise awareness of the potential hazards of volcanic emissions to respiratory health, agriculture, and general aviation.Wind fields and thermodynamic data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model provide input to the Vog model, with a statewide grid spacing of 3 km and a 1-km grid covering the island of Hawaii. Validation of the Vog model forecasts is accomplished with reference to data from Hawaii State Department of Health ground-based air quality monitors. VMAP results show that this approach can provide useful guidance for the people of Hawaii. C1 [Businger, Steven; Huff, Roy; Pattantyus, Andre; Horton, Keith; Cherubini, Tiziana] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sutton, A. Jeff; Elias, Tamar] USGS, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. RP Businger, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Atmospher Sci, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM businger@hawaii.edu FU USGS [G10AC00035]; NOAA [NA11NMF4320128]; NSF [1108569] FX We are grateful to Ryan Lyman and Roland Draxler for their technical support and encouragement and to Nancy Hulbirt, who helped draft the final figures. We also thank Dr. C. Kern and the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The research was supported by the USGS under Grant G10AC00035, by NOAA under Grant NA11NMF4320128, and by the NSF under Grant number 1108569. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1667 EP 1686 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00150.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU8AW UT WOS:000363764300001 ER PT J AU Nicotra, AB Beever, EA Robertson, AL Hofmann, GE O'Leary, J AF Nicotra, Adrienne B. Beever, Erik A. Robertson, Amanda L. Hofmann, Gretchen E. O'Leary, John TI Assessing the components of adaptive capacity to improve conservation and management efforts under global change SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE climate change; extinction risk; genetic variation; phenotypic plasticity; resilience; vulnerability assessment ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; POPULUS-BALSAMIFERA; NICHE CONSERVATISM; GENETIC-VARIATION; EXTINCTION RISK; EVOLUTION; ADAPTATION; ECOLOGY AB Natural-resource managers and other conservation practitioners are under unprecedented pressure to categorize and quantify the vulnerability of natural systems based on assessment of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of species to climate change. Despite the urgent need for these assessments, neither the theoretical basis of adaptive capacity nor the practical issues underlying its quantification has been articulated in a manner that is directly applicable to natural-resource management. Both are critical for researchers, managers, and other conservation practitioners to develop reliable strategies for assessing adaptive capacity. Drawing from principles of classical and contemporary research and examples from terrestrial, marine, plant, and animal systems, we examined broadly the theory behind the concept of adaptive capacity. We then considered how interdisciplinary, trait-and triage-based approaches encompassing the oft-overlooked interactions among components of adaptive capacity can be used to identify species and populations likely to have higher (or lower) adaptive capacity. We identified the challenges and value of such endeavors and argue for a concerted interdisciplinary research approach that combines ecology, ecological genetics, and eco-physiology to reflect the interacting components of adaptive capacity. We aimed to provide a basis for constructive discussion between natural-resource managers and researchers, discussions urgently needed to identify research directions that will deliver answers to real-world questions facing resource managers, other conservation practitioners, and policy makers. Directing research to both seek general patterns and identify ways to facilitate adaptive capacity of key species and populations within species, will enable conservation ecologists and resource managers to maximize returns on research and management investment and arrive at novel and dynamic management and policy decisions. C1 [Nicotra, Adrienne B.] Australian Natl Univ, Div Evolut Ecol & Genet, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Robertson, Amanda L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sci Applicat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Robertson, Amanda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hofmann, Gretchen E.] UC Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [O'Leary, John] MDFW, West Boylston, MA 01583 USA. RP Nicotra, AB (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Div Evolut Ecol & Genet, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM adrienne.nicotra@anu.edu.au RI Nicotra, Adrienne/C-1361-2009 NR 87 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 13 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1268 EP 1278 DI 10.1111/cobi.12522 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU7NW UT WOS:000363729100003 PM 25926277 ER PT J AU Klos, PZ Rosenberry, DO Nelson, GR AF Klos, P. Zion Rosenberry, Donald O. Nelson, Glenn R. TI Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE mussel; hyporheic; exchange; seepage; substrate; Allegheny; impoundment ID GRAVEL-BED STREAM; UNIONID MUSSELS; ALLEGHENY RIVER; PENNSYLVANIA; SEDIMENTS; BIVALVES; HABITAT; FAUNA; USA AB Both endangered and non-endangered unionid mussels are heterogeneously distributed within the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania. Mussel populations vary from high to low density downstream of Kinzua Dam, and the direction, amount, and range of hyporheic exchange (seepage) at the sediment-water interface were suspected to influence their distribution and abundance. Nineteen hydrogeomorphic variables, including the quantification of seepage metrics, substrate size, river stage, river discharge, and shear stress, were measured at five reaches on the Allegheny River within 80km downstream of Kinzua Dam. Analysis revealed significant (=005) non-linear correlations between mussel population density and directional mean seepage (positive relationship), river width (positive relationship), and median substrate size (negative relationship). Specifically, seepage findings showed that increases in upward seepage and decreases in the overall range of seepage related to increases in mussel population density. River width, directional mean seepage, and median substrate size were also found to co-vary with marginal significance (=01), making their individual influences on mussel population density uncertain. Absolute mean seepage, water depth, hydraulic head, temperature differences between the surface water and substrate, and other substrate metrics besides median grain size were not found to significantly correlate to mussel population density. Considering the physical processes often linking seepage to other explanatory variables, future research in seepage-mussel relationships should work to isolate the mechanistic influence of hyporheic exchange independently from its common covariation with substrate size and geomorphology. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Klos, P. Zion] Univ Idaho, Watershed Lab, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Nelson, Glenn R.] West Virginia Dept Environm Protect, Save Our Streams Program, Charleston, WV 25304 USA. RP Klos, PZ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Watershed Lab, Coll Nat Resources, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM zion@uidaho.edu OI Klos, P. Zion/0000-0002-9563-6065; Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU USGS Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV; USGS National Research Program; Colorado College Transitions Fellowship FX The authors thank Andrew Neil for his help in field logistics, data collection, and moral support. The authors would also like to thank the constructive feedback of two anonymous reviewers that helped to substantially improve this manuscript. Funding was provided by the USGS Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV; the USGS National Research Program; and the Colorado College Transitions Fellowship. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD OCT PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1284 EP 1291 DI 10.1002/eco.1581 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CU9TU UT WOS:000363889100009 ER PT J AU Su, GY Letcher, RJ Moore, JN Williams, LL Martin, PA de Solla, SR Bowerman, WW AF Su, Guanyong Letcher, Robert J. Moore, Jeremy N. Williams, Lisa L. Martin, Pamela A. de Solla, Shane R. Bowerman, William W. TI Spatial and temporal comparisons of legacy and emerging flame retardants in herring gull eggs from colonies spanning the Laurentian Great Lakes of Canada and United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Herring gulls; Laurentian Great Lakes; Eggs; Chemicals of emerging concern; Flame retardants ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CHICKEN EMBRYONIC HEPATOCYTES; STURGEON ACIPENSER-SINENSIS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VITRO METABOLISM; AMERICAN-KESTRELS; DECHLORANE-PLUS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB In the Laurentian Great Lakes basin of North America, an increasing number of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) are being investigated, including legacy and replacement flame retardants (FRs). In the present study, 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 23 non-PBDEs halogenated FRs (NPHFRs) and 16 organophosphate ester FRs (OPE-FRs) were analyzed in 100 individual eggs collected in 2012 and 2013 and in 15 egg pools of herring gulls collected in 2012 from 20 colonies across the entire Laurentian Great Lakes basin. For CEC-FRs in eggs from all colonies, 14 PBDEs, 12 NPHFRs and 9 OPE-FRs were quantifiable in at least one of the 115 analyzed samples. The mean sum PBDE (Sigma 14PBDE) concentrations ranged from 244 to 657 ng/g wet weight (ww), and on average were 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than the Sigma 12NPHFR concentrations (13.8-35.6 ng/g ww), and 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than Sigma 9OPE-FR concentrations (0.31-2.14 ng/g ww). Mean Sigma 14PBDE and sum of syn- and anti-Dechlorane Plus isomer (Sigma 2DDC-CO) concentrations in eggs from colonies within Laurentian Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs) were in most cases greater than in eggs from nearby colonies outside of AOCs. Comparing CEC-FR concentrations in eggs collected in 2012-2013 to those previously measured in eggs collected approximately 7 years earlier (2006 and 2008) showed that Sigma 7PBDE (BDE-28, -47, -100, -99, -154,- 153 and -183) mean concentrations in eggs from 6 colonies were approximately 30% less than they were in eggs from the same colonies from the earlier time period, whereas 3 current-use FR (BDE-209, HBCDD and Sigma 2DDC-CO) concentrations were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than previously measured. Between 2006 and 2013 there were significant changes in individual PBDE patterns for BDE-71, -138, -153, -203, -206 and -207. Among all of the examined CEC-FRs, concentrations of Sigma 4PBDE (BDE-47, -99, -100 and -153) and HBCDD in gull eggs from all colonies were greater than or comparable to their lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) based on in ovo egg injection studies. Overall, the current profiles of a broad suite of FRs in Laurentian Great Lakes herring gull eggs highlights the need to better understand e.g., exposure-effect implications and metabolism of FRs, i.e. OPE-FRs, and emphasizes the importance of continued monitoring of CEC-FRs whose concentrations appear to be increasing, including BDE-209, HBCDD and DDC-COs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Su, Guanyong; Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch,Environm Canada,Natl Wildlif, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Su, Guanyong; Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Moore, Jeremy N.; Williams, Lisa L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, East Lansing Ecol Serv Field Off, E Lansing, MI USA. [Martin, Pamela A.; de Solla, Shane R.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Bowerman, William W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch,Environm Canada,Natl Wildlif, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM robert.letcher@ec.gc.ca RI Su, Guanyong/A-7747-2017 FU United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS F13AC00454]; Laurentian Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, through their Clean Michigan Initiative; Environment Canada's Great Lakes Action Plan; Environment Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP) FX Partial funding for this project is supported by a Grant Agreement from the United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service (Grant number USFWS F13AC00454) with funding from the Laurentian Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the United States Government. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, through their Clean Michigan Initiative, provided funding for the collection of the herring gull eggs at U.S. colonies. Eggs collections for the Canadian Great Lakes Herring Gull Monitoring Program (GLHGMP) was funded by Environment Canada's Great Lakes Action Plan. Supplemental funds were provided by Environment Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; to R.J. Letcher). We thank David Blair, Luke Periard and Shaogang Chu in the Letcher Lab/OCRL in the NWRC at Carleton University for the CEC-FR sample analysis. We thank Nargis Ismail and Ken Drouillard at the GLIER (University of Windsor) for receiving and preparing the CMI-CWF herring gull egg homogenate samples. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 50 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 142 BP 720 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CU5WN UT WOS:000363602800085 PM 26406977 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Ayala, AJ Shickel, MR AF Twedt, Daniel J. Ayala, Andrea J. Shickel, Madeline R. TI Leaf-On Canopy Closure in Broadleaf Deciduous Forests Predicted during Winter SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gap Light Analyzer; GLA; hardwood forest; leaf-off canopy; structure ID PONDEROSA PINE; MODEL SELECTION; AREA INDEX; BASAL AREA; COVER; VEGETATION; LIDAR; OREGON AB Forest canopy influences light transmittance, which in turn affects tree regeneration and survival, thereby having an impact on forest composition and habitat conditions for wildlife. Because leaf area is the primary impediment to light penetration, quantitative estimates of canopy closure are normally made during summer. Studies of forest structure and wildlife habitat that occur during winter, when deciduous trees have shed their leaves, may inaccurately estimate canopy closure. We estimated percent canopy closure during both summer (leaf-on) and winter (leaf-off) in broadleaf deciduous forests in Mississippi and Louisiana using gap light analysis of hemispherical photographs that were obtained during repeat visits to the same locations within bottomland and mesic upland hardwood forests and hardwood plantation forests. We used mixed-model linear regression to predict leaf-on canopy closure from measurements of leaf-off canopy closure, basal area, stem density, and tree height. Competing predictive models all included leaf-off canopy closure (relative importance = 0.93), whereas basal area and stem density, more traditional predictors of canopy closure, had relative model importance of <= 0.51. C1 [Twedt, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39167 USA. [Ayala, Andrea J.; Shickel, Madeline R.] US Geol Survey, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39167 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov; aayala1@uga.edu OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 61 IS 5 BP 926 EP 931 DI 10.5849/forsci.14-196 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CU2ND UT WOS:000363359300011 ER PT J AU Johnson, NS Siefkes, MJ Wagner, CM Bravener, G Steeves, T Twohey, M Li, WM AF Johnson, Nicholas S. Siefkes, Michael J. Wagner, C. Michael Bravener, Gale Steeves, Todd Twohey, Michael Li, Weiming TI Factors Influencing Capture of Invasive Sea Lamprey in Traps Baited With a Synthesized Sex Pheromone Component SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sea lamprey; Vertebrate; Pheromone; Trap; Variability; Environment ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; TERM PEST-MANAGEMENT; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; MATING PHEROMONE; BILE; OLETHREUTIDAE; ENVIRONMENTS AB The sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, is emerging as a model organism for understanding how pheromones can be used for manipulating vertebrate behavior in an integrated pest management program. In a previous study, a synthetic sex pheromone component 7 alpha,12 alpha, 24-trihydroxy-5 alpha-cholan-3-one 24-sulfate (3kPZS) was applied to sea lamprey traps in eight streams at a final in-stream concentration of 10(-12) M. Application of 3kPZS increased sea lamprey catch, but where and when 3kPZS had the greatest impact was not determined. Here, by applying 3kPZS to additional streams, we determined that overall increases in yearly exploitation rate (proportion of sea lampreys that were marked, released, and subsequently recaptured) were highest (20-40 %) in wide streams (similar to 40 m) with low adult sea lamprey abundance (< 1000). Wide streams with low adult abundance may be representative of low-attraction systems for adult sea lamprey and, in the absence of other attractants (larval odor, sex pheromone), sea lamprey may have been more responsive to a partial sex pheromone blend emitted from traps. Furthermore, we found that the largest and most consistent responses to 3kPZS were during nights early in the trapping season, when water temperatures were increasing. This may have occurred because, during periods of increasing water temperatures, sea lamprey become more active and males at large may not have begun to release sex pheromone. In general, our results are consistent with those for pheromones of invertebrates, which are most effective when pest density is low and when pheromone competition is low. C1 [Johnson, Nicholas S.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Siefkes, Michael J.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wagner, C. Michael; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bravener, Gale; Steeves, Todd] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Twohey, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX US Fish and Wildlife Service and Fisheries and Oceans Canada provided traps and over 50 personnel to check traps and apply 3kPZS. We thank Jessica Barber and Lisa Walter of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marquette Biological Station for logistic support in the execution of the field work. Jean Adams provided statistical support. Drs. Michael Hansen and John Hume provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. Ryan Booth, Nicole Griewahn, Sarah Larden, Andrea Phippen, Sara Ruiter, Anne Scott, Henry Thompson, Jason VanEffen, and Thomas Voigt were critical components of the field team. The research would not have been conducted if not for efforts of Jane Rivera, Dr. David Kennedy, and Dr. Terry Hubert of USGS, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center to obtain experimental user permits to apply 3kPZS. The Great Lakes Fishery Commission provided funding and support. This manuscript is contribution number 1947 of the Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 41 IS 10 BP 913 EP 923 DI 10.1007/s10886-015-0626-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU4HQ UT WOS:000363488900005 PM 26399432 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Jay, CV Burns, JM Fischbach, AS AF Noren, Shawn R. Jay, Chadwick V. Burns, Jennifer M. Fischbach, Anthony S. TI Rapid maturation of the muscle biochemistry that supports diving in Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Odobenid; Myoglobin; Acid buffering; Ontogeny; Aerobic dive limit; Arctic ID CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; OXYGEN STORAGE CAPACITY; AEROBIC DIVE LIMIT; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; WEDDELL SEALS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; HARBOR SEALS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; METABOLIC-RATES AB Physiological constraints dictate animals' ability to exploit habitats. For marine mammals, it is important to quantify physiological limits that influence diving and their ability to alter foraging behaviors. We characterized age-specific dive limits of walruses by measuring anaerobic (acid-buffering capacity) and aerobic (myoglobin content) capacities of the muscles that power hind (longissimus dorsi) and fore (supraspinatus) flipper propulsion. Mean buffering capacities were similar across muscles and age classes (a fetus, five neonatal calves, a 3 month old and 20 adults), ranging from 41.31 to 54.14 slykes and 42.00 to 46.93 slykes in the longissimus and supraspinatus, respectively. Mean myoglobin in the fetus and neonatal calves fell within a narrow range (longissimus: 0.92-1.68 g 100 g(-1) wet muscle mass; supraspinatus: 0.88-1.64 g 100 g(-1) wet muscle mass). By 3 monthspost-partum, myoglobin in the longissimus increased by 79%, but levels in the supraspinatus remained unaltered. From 3 months post-partum to adulthood, myoglobin increased by an additional 26% in the longissimus and increased by 126% in the supraspinatus; myoglobin remained greater in the longissimus compared with the supraspinatus. Walruses are unique among marine mammals because they are born with a mature muscle acid-buffering capacity and attain mature myoglobin content early in life. Despite rapid physiological development, small body size limits the diving capacity of immature walruses and extreme sexual dimorphism reduces the diving capacity of adult females compared with adult males. Thus, free-ranging immature walruses likely exhibit the shortest foraging dives while adult males are capable of the longest foraging dives. C1 [Noren, Shawn R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Jay, Chadwick V.; Fischbach, Anthony S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Burns, Jennifer M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu FU US Geological Survey's (USGS) Ecosystem Mission Area, Wildlife Program FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey's (USGS) Ecosystem Mission Area, Wildlife Program. NR 111 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 27 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 218 IS 20 BP 3319 EP 3329 DI 10.1242/jeb.125757 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CU3UO UT WOS:000363451300022 PM 26347559 ER PT J AU VanLandeghem, MM Denny, S Patino, R AF VanLandeghem, Matthew M. Denny, Shawn Patino, Reynaldo TI Predicting the risk of toxic blooms of golden alga from cell abundance and environmental covariates SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; WEST TEXAS; HAPTOPHYTA; SALINITY; GROWTH; WATER; ASSOCIATIONS AB Golden alga (Prymnesium parvum) is a toxic haptophyte that has caused considerable ecological damage to marine and inland aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Studies focused primarily on laboratory cultures have indicated that toxicity is poorly correlated with the abundance of golden alga cells. This relationship, however, has not been rigorously evaluated in the field where environmental conditions are much different. The ability to predict toxicity using readily measured environmental variables and golden alga abundance would allow managers rapid assessments of ichthyotoxicity potential without laboratory bioassay confirmation, which requires additional resources to accomplish. To assess the potential utility of these relationships, several a priori models relating lethal levels of golden alga ichthyotoxicity to golden alga abundance and environmental covariates were constructed. Model parameters were estimated using archived data from four river basins in Texas and New Mexico (Colorado, Brazos, Red, Pecos). Model predictive ability was quantified using cross-validation, sensitivity, and specificity, and the relative ranking of environmental covariate models was determined by Akaike Information Criterion values and Akaike weights. Overall, abundance was a generally good predictor of ichthyotoxicity as cross validation of golden alga abundance-only models ranged from approximate to 80% to approximate to 90% (leave-one-out cross-validation). Environmental covariates improved predictions, especially the ability to predict lethally toxic events (i.e., increased sensitivity), and top-ranked environmental covariate models differed among the four basins. These associations may be useful for monitoring as well as understanding the abiotic factors that influence toxicity during blooms. C1 [VanLandeghem, Matthew M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [VanLandeghem, Matthew M.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Denny, Shawn] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Roswell, NM USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP VanLandeghem, MM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM matt.vanlandeghem@ttu.edu FU State Wildlife Grant from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [T-23]; Texas Tech University match funds; Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Dr. Warren Schlechte provided critical comments on a draft manuscript. G. Southard from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department was instrumental in providing golden alga data collected in Texas. The AT&T Corporation awarded a graduate scholarship to M.M.V. Funding for this study was provided by State Wildlife Grant T-23 from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Texas Tech University match funds to R.P. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 13 IS 10 BP 568 EP 586 DI 10.1002/lom3.10048 PG 19 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CU3XC UT WOS:000363458500006 ER PT J AU Battaile, BC Nordstrom, CA Liebsch, N Trites, AW AF Battaile, Brian C. Nordstrom, Chad A. Liebsch, Nikolai Trites, Andrew W. TI Foraging a new trail with northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus): Lactating seals from islands with contrasting population dynamics have different foraging strategies, and forage at scales previously unrecognized by GPS interpolated dive data SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foraging ecology; biologging; northern fur seal; Callorhinus ursinus; marine mammal; Bering Sea; magnetometer; accelerometer; spatial analysis; arearestricted search ID 1ST-PASSAGE TIME ANALYSIS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; MARINE PREDATOR; HABITAT USE; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; DIET; SELECTION; ANIMALS AB We reconstructed the foraging tracks of lactating northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from two eastern Bering Sea islands (St. Paul Island and Bogoslof Island) using linear interpolation between GPS locations recorded at a maximum of four times per hour and compared it to tri-axial accelerometer and magnetometer data collected at 16Hz to reconstruct pseudotracks between the GPS fixes. The high-resolution data revealed distances swum per foraging trip were much greater than the distances calculated using linearly interpolated GPS tracks (1.5 times further for St. Paul fur seals and 1.9 times further for Bogoslof fur seals). First passage time metrics calculated from the high resolution data revealed that the optimal scale at which the seals searched for prey was 500m (radius of circle searched) for fur seals from St. Paul Island that went off-shelf, and 50m for fur seals from Bogoslof Island and surprisingly, 50m for fur seals from St. Paul that foraged on-shelf. These area-restricted search scales were significantly smaller than those calculated from GPS data alone (12km for St. Paul and 6km for Bogoslof) indicating that higher resolution movement data can reveal novel information about foraging behaviors that have important ecological implications. C1 [Battaile, Brian C.; Nordstrom, Chad A.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Liebsch, Nikolai] Customized Anim Tracking Solut, Moffat Beach, Qld 4551, Australia. RP Battaile, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM brian.battaile@gmail.com FU US National Science Foundation; North Pacific Research Board FX All procedures were conducted under the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) permit no. 14329 and abided by the guidelines of the Committee on Animal Care at the University of British Columbia (permit no. A09-0345). We are indebted to A. Baylis, J. Gibbens, R. Marshall, R. Papish, A. Will, C. Berger, A. Harding, R. Towell, B. Fadley, K. Call, and C. Kuhn for assistance or advice with animal captures and instrument deployment. Rory Wilson and Adrian Gleiss provided significant technical advice for calculating the pseudotracks, and two anonymous referees provided constructive criticism on earlier versions of the manuscript. This study was conducted as part of the BEST-BSIERP "Bering Sea Project" funded jointly by the US National Science Foundation and the North Pacific Research Board. This is NPRB Publication Number 538 and BEST_BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 159. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1494 EP 1520 DI 10.1111/mms.12240 PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CU1MB UT WOS:000363284900011 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JH Johnson, DS Lindberg, MS Adams, LG AF Schmidt, Joshua H. Johnson, Devin S. Lindberg, Mark S. Adams, Layne G. TI Estimating demographic parameters using a combination of known-fate and open N-mixture models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; detection probability; Gates of the Arctic National Park; Alaska; USA; integrated model; known-fate models; mark-resight data; N-mixture models; recruitment; survival; wolves ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; MARK-RECAPTURE; COUNT DATA; SURVIVAL; TELEMETRY; DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; ALASKA; MORTALITY; INFERENCE AB Accurate estimates of demographic parameters are required to infer appropriate ecological relationships and inform management actions. Known-fate data from marked individuals are commonly used to estimate survival rates, whereas N-mixture models use count data from unmarked individuals to estimate multiple demographic parameters. However, a joint approach combining the strengths of both analytical tools has not been developed. Here we develop an integrated model combining known-fate and open N-mixture models, allowing the estimation of detection probability, recruitment, and the joint estimation of survival. We demonstrate our approach through both simulations and an applied example using four years of known-fate and pack count data for wolves (Canis lupus). Simulation results indicated that the integrated model reliably recovered parameters with no evidence of bias, and survival estimates were more precise under the joint model. Results from the applied example indicated that the marked sample of wolves was biased toward individuals with higher apparent survival rates than the unmarked pack mates, suggesting that joint estimates may be more representative of the overall population. Our integrated model is a practical approach for reducing bias while increasing precision and the amount of information gained from mark-resight data sets. We provide implementations in both the BUGS language and an R package. C1 [Schmidt, Joshua H.] Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Dept Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM Joshua_Schmidt@nps.gov FU U.S. National Park Service's Inventory and Monitoring Program through the Central Alaska Network FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. National Park Service's Inventory and Monitoring Program through the Central Alaska Network. The findings and conclusions expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the funding agencies and institutions with which the authors are affiliated, except for the U.S. Geological Survey. This report was reviewed and approved by the U.S. Geological Survey under their Fundamental Science Practices policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp/). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2015 VL 96 IS 10 BP 2583 EP 2589 DI 10.1890/15-0385.1.sm PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT5MD UT WOS:000362853600002 PM 26649379 ER PT J AU Brost, BM Hooten, MB Hanks, EM Small, RJ AF Brost, Brian M. Hooten, Mevin B. Hanks, Ephraim M. Small, Robert J. TI Animal movement constraints improve resource selection inference in the presence of telemetry error SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal movement; Argos satellite; Bayesian hierarchical model; Gulf of Alaska; harbor seal; Phoca vitulina; resource selection; spatial point process; telemetry error; temporal autocorrelation ID SPECIES-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; STATE-SPACE MODELS; ARGOS LOCATIONS; RANDOM-WALKS; HABITAT; GPS; PERFORMANCE; FRAMEWORK; ALASKA AB Multiple factors complicate the analysis of animal telemetry location data. Recent advancements address issues such as temporal autocorrelation and telemetry measurement error, but additional challenges remain. Difficulties introduced by complicated error structures or barriers to animal movement can weaken inference. We propose an approach for obtaining resource selection inference from animal location data that accounts for complicated error structures, movement constraints, and temporally autocorrelated observations. We specify a model for telemetry data observed with error conditional on unobserved true locations that reflects prior knowledge about constraints in the animal movement process. The observed telemetry data are modeled using a flexible distribution that accommodates extreme errors and complicated error structures. Although constraints to movement are often viewed as a nuisance, we use constraints to simultaneously estimate and account for telemetry error. We apply the model to simulated data, showing that it outperforms common ad hoc approaches used when confronted with measurement error and movement constraints. We then apply our framework to an Argos satellite telemetry data set on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Gulf of Alaska, a species that is constrained to move within the marine environment and adjacent coastlines. C1 [Brost, Brian M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hanks, Ephraim M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Small, Robert J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Brost, BM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM bmbrost@gmail.com FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) through U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Alaska Region [NA11NMF4390200] FX We thank two anonymous referees for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Our research was funded by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), through award NA11NMF4390200 from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Alaska Region to the ADF&G. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2015 VL 96 IS 10 BP 2590 EP 2597 DI 10.1890/15-0472.1.sm PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT5MD UT WOS:000362853600003 PM 26649380 ER PT J AU Velotta, JP McCormick, SD Schultz, ET AF Velotta, Jonathan P. McCormick, Stephen D. Schultz, Eric T. TI Trade-offs in osmoregulation and parallel shifts in molecular function follow ecological transitions to freshwater in the Alewife SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Alosa pseudoharengus; anadromy; Na+; K+-ATPase activity; real-time PCR; salinity tolerance ID KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MITOCHONDRION-RICH CELLS; CHAR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; SEAWATER TOLERANCE AB Adaptation to freshwater may be expected to reduce performance in seawater because these environments represent opposing selective regimes. We tested for such a trade-off in populations of the Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). Alewives are ancestrally anadromous, and multiple populations have been independently restricted to freshwater (landlocked). We conducted salinity challenge experiments, whereby juvenile Alewives from one anadromous and multiple landlocked populations were exposed to freshwater and seawater on acute and acclimation timescales. In response to acute salinity challenge trials, independently derived landlocked populations varied in the degree to which seawater tolerance has been lost. In laboratory-acclimation experiments, landlocked Alewives exhibited improved freshwater tolerance, which was correlated with reductions in seawater tolerance and hypo-osmotic balance, suggesting that trade-offs in osmoregulation may be associated with local adaptation to freshwater. We detected differentiation between life-history forms in the expression of an ion-uptake gene (NHE3), and in gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Trade-offs in osmoregulation, therefore, may be mediated by differentiation in ion-uptake and salt-secreting pathways. C1 [Velotta, Jonathan P.; Schultz, Eric T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Velotta, JP (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jonathan.velotta@gmail.com FU University of Connecticut's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Center for Conservation and Biodiversity; MVAO FX We thank G. Casselberry, J. Divino, T. Duffy, E. Funk, N. Murphy, M. F. O'Dea (deceased), J. Rack, and A. Regish for assistance with field and laboratory work. We thank C. Schlichting, M. Urban, and three anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding provided by University of Connecticut's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Conservation and Biodiversity, as well as MVAO. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD OCT PY 2015 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2676 EP 2688 DI 10.1111/evo.12774 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CT7CJ UT WOS:000362970600012 PM 26374626 ER PT J AU Marshall, M Thenkabail, P AF Marshall, Michael Thenkabail, Prasad TI Advantage of hyperspectral EO-1 Hyperion over multispectral IKONOS, GeoEye-1, WorldView-2, Landsat ETM plus , and MODIS vegetation indices in crop biomass estimation SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Earth observation; Narrowbands; Broadbands; Remote sensing; Crop yield ID NARROW-BAND; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; HYSPIRI MISSION; BROAD-BAND; DISCRIMINATION; PERFORMANCE; EXTRACTION; PARAMETERS; REGRESSION; INVERSION AB Crop biomass is increasingly being measured with surface reflectance data derived from multispectral broadband (MSBB) and hyperspectral narrowband (HNB) space-borne remotely sensed data to increase the accuracy and efficiency of crop yield models used in a wide array of agricultural applications. However, few studies compare the ability of MSBBs versus HNBs to capture crop biomass variability. Therefore, we used standard data mining techniques to identify a set of MSBB data from the IKONOS, GeoEye-1, Landsat ETM+, MODIS, WorldView-2 sensors and compared their performance with HNB data from the EO-1 Hyperion sensor in explaining crop biomass variability of four important field crops (rice, alfalfa, cotton, maize). The analysis employed two-band (ratio) vegetation indices (TBVIs) and multiband (additive) vegetation indices (MBVIs) derived from Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and stepwise regression. Results demonstrated that HNB-derived TBVIs and MBVIs performed better than MSBB-derived TBVIs and MBVIs on a per crop basis and for the pooled data: overall, HNB TBVIs explained 5-31% greater variability when compared with various MSBB TBVIs; and HNB MBVIs explained 3-33% greater variability when compared with various MSBB MBVIs. The performance of MSBB MBVIs and TBVIs improved mildly, by combining spectral information across multiple sensors involving IKONOS, GeoEye-1, Landsat ETM+, MODIS, and WorldView-2. A number of HNBs that advance crop biomass modeling were determined. Based on the highest factor loadings on the first component of the SVD, the "red-edge" spectral range (700-740 nm) centered at 722 nm (bandwidth = 10 nm) stood out prominently, while five additional and distinct portions of the recorded spectral range (400-2500 nm) centered at 539 nm, 758 nm, 914 nm, 1130 nm, 1320 nm (bandwidth = 10 nm) were also important. The best HNB vegetation indices for crop biomass estimation involved 549 and 752 nm for rice (R-2 = 0.91); 925 and 1104 nm for alfalfa (R-2 = 0.81); 722 and 732 nm for cotton (R-2 = 0.97); and 529 and 895 nm for maize (R-2 = 0.94). The higher spectral resolution of the EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral sensor and the ability of users to choose distinct HNBs for improved crop biomass estimation outweigh the benefits that come with higher spatial resolution of MSBBs. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). C1 [Marshall, Michael] World Agroforestry Ctr, Climate Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. [Marshall, Michael; Thenkabail, Prasad] US Geol Survey, Southwestern Geog Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Marshall, M (reprint author), World Agroforestry Ctr, Climate Res Unit, United Nations Ave,POB 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM m.marshall@cgiar.org; pthenkabail@usgs.gov FU Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; United States Geological Survey (USGS) FX This work was supported by the Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program in coordination with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Mission area's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring and Land Remote Sensing programs. Additional support for field research staff was granted through a cooperative initiative between the USGS and The National Association of Geoscience Teachers. We would like to extend special thanks to Tony Chang, Jeff Peters, and Bobbijean Freeman, who helped to gather field data for the project. We would also like to thank the agricultural extentionists (Mark Keeley, Chris Greer, Cayle Little, Bob Hutmacher, and Shannon Mueller) from the University of California at Davis (UCD) who allowed us to collect data on UCD managed research farms (West Side and Shafter Research and Extension Centers) and helped coordinate with growers and farm managers on non-UCD managed land. The growers and farm managers included Chuck Mathews, Don Bransford, Jim Casey, Blake Harlan, Mark Boyd, Danny Kirshenmann, John Diener, Marty Roads, Joel Ackerknecht, Scott Schmidt, Kurt Boeger, and Steve Mellow. We would like to final thanks to Deborah Soltesz, Miguel Velasco, Larry Gaffney, and Lois Hales who dealt with travel and technical logistics. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 14 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 108 BP 205 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.08.001 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CT8OG UT WOS:000363075300017 ER PT J AU Canessa, S Guillera-Arroita, G Lahoz-Monfort, JJ Southwell, DM Armstrong, DP Chades, I Lacy, RC Converse, SJ AF Canessa, Stefano Guillera-Arroita, Gurutzeta Lahoz-Monfort, Jose J. Southwell, Darren M. Armstrong, Doug P. Chades, Iadine Lacy, Robert C. Converse, Sarah J. TI When do we need more data? A primer on calculating the value of information for applied ecologists SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; Bayesian pre-posterior analysis; chytridiomycosis; conservation; decision analysis; experimental management; monitoring ID CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Applied ecologists continually advocate further research, under the assumption that obtaining more information will lead to better decisions. Value of information (VoI) analysis can be used to quantify how additional information may improve management outcomes: despite its potential, this method is still underused in environmental decision-making. We provide a primer on how to calculate the VoI and assess whether reducing uncertainty will change a decision. Our aim is to facilitate the application of VoI by managers who are not familiar with decision-analytic principles and notation, by increasing the technical accessibility of the tool. Calculating the VoI requires explicit formulation of management objectives and actions. Uncertainty must be clearly structured and its effects on management outcomes evaluated. We present two measures of the VoI. The expected value of perfect information is a calculation of the expected improvement in management outcomes that would result from access to perfect knowledge. The expected value of sample information calculates the improvement in outcomes expected by collecting a given sample of new data. We guide readers through the calculation of VoI using two case studies: (i) testing for disease when managing a frog species and (ii) learning about demographic rates for the reintroduction of an endangered turtle. We illustrate the use of Bayesian updating to incorporate new information. The VoI depends on our current knowledge, the quality of the information collected and the expected outcomes of the available management actions. Collecting information can require significant investments of resources; VoI analysis assists managers in deciding whether these investments are justified. C1 [Canessa, Stefano] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Canessa, Stefano; Guillera-Arroita, Gurutzeta; Lahoz-Monfort, Jose J.; Southwell, Darren M.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Biosci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Armstrong, Doug P.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Chades, Iadine] CSIRO Land & Water, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. [Lacy, Robert C.] Chicago Zool Soc, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. [Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Canessa, S (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. EM science@canessas.com RI Chades, iadine/A-4052-2011; OI Chades, iadine/0000-0002-7442-2850; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441; Lahoz-Monfort, Jose Joaquin/0000-0002-0845-7035 FU National Environmental Research Program (NERP); NERP; University of Melbourne; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions FX This work was initiated during a workshop funded by the National Environmental Research Program (NERP) and held at the University of Melbourne in 2014. Manuscript preparation was supported by NERP, the University of Melbourne and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. We thank J. Martin and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1219 EP 1228 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12423 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT6IF UT WOS:000362916000011 ER PT J AU Lowe, WH Muhlfeld, CC Allendorf, FW AF Lowe, Winsor H. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Allendorf, Fred W. TI Manifest Density: A Reply to Phillips and Baird SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SPREAD; HYBRIDIZATION; LEWISI C1 [Lowe, Winsor H.; Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northen Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Lowe, WH (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM winsor.lowe@umontana.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 10 BP 565 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.006 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CT6IQ UT WOS:000362917100004 PM 26411612 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, EK Dusek, RJ Brand, CJ AF Hofmeister, Erik K. Dusek, Robert J. Brand, Christopher J. TI Surveillance Potential of Non-Native Hawaiian Birds for Detection of West Nile Virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; VECTOR COMPETENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AVIAN MALARIA; NORTH-AMERICA; LAND-USE; CULEX; TRANSMISSION AB West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in 1999. Alaska and Hawaii (HI) remain the only U.S. states in which transmission of WNV has not been detected. Dead bird surveillance has played an important role in the detection of the virus geographically, as well as temporally. In North America, corvids have played a major role in WNV surveillance; however, the only corvid in HI is the endangered Hawaiian crow that exists only in captivity, thus precluding the use of this species for WNV surveillance in HI. To evaluate the suitability of alternate avian species for WNV surveillance, we experimentally challenged seven abundant non-native bird species present in HI with WNV and compared mortality, viremia, oral shedding of virus, and seroconversion. For detection of WNV in oral swabs, we compared viral culture, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and the RAMP test. For detection of antibodies to WNV, we compared an indirect and a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. We found four species (house sparrow, house finch, Japanese white-eye, and Java sparrow) that may be useful in dead bird surveillance for WNV; while common myna, zebra dove, and spotted dove survived infection and may be useful in serosurveillance. C1 [Hofmeister, Erik K.; Dusek, Robert J.; Brand, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Hofmeister, EK (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM ehofmeister@usgs.gov OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU Hawaii Department of Health; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was conducted with support from the Hawaii Department of Health and from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 93 IS 4 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0590 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CS8BX UT WOS:000362311800007 PM 26304918 ER PT J AU Springer, YP Jarnevich, CS Barnett, DT Monaghan, AJ Eisen, RJ AF Springer, Yuri P. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Barnett, David T. Monaghan, Andrew J. Eisen, Rebecca J. TI Modeling the Present and Future Geographic Distribution of the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae), in the Continental United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE VECTOR; WHITE-TAILED DEER; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; CLIMATE-BASED MODEL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; BORNE DISEASES; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; RANGE EXPANSION; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS AB The Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum L.) is the primary vector for pathogens of significant public health importance in North America, yet relatively little is known about its current and potential future distribution. Building on a published summary of tick collection records, we used an ensemble modeling approach to predict the present-day and future distribution of climatically suitable habitat for establishment of the Lone star tick within the continental United States. Of the nine climatic predictor variables included in our five present-day models, average vapor pressure in July was by far the most important determinant of suitable habitat. The present-day ensemble model predicted an essentially contiguous distribution of suitable habitat extending to the Atlantic coast east of the 100th western meridian and south of the 40th northern parallel, but excluding a high elevation region associated with the Appalachian Mountains. Future ensemble predictions for 2061-2080 forecasted a stable western range limit, northward expansion of suitable habitat into the Upper Midwest and western Pennsylvania, and range contraction along portions of the Gulf coast and the lower Mississippi river valley. These findings are informative for raising awareness of A. americanttmtransmitted pathogens in areas where the Lone Star tick has recently or may become established. C1 [Springer, Yuri P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Springer, YP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM yurispringer@gmail.com OI Monaghan, Andrew/0000-0002-8170-2359 FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; U.S. Geological Survey; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 121 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 32 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 93 IS 4 BP 875 EP 890 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0330 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA CS8BX UT WOS:000362311800036 PM 26217042 ER PT J AU Bista, S Stebbins, JF Hankins, WB Sisson, TW AF Bista, Saurav Stebbins, Jonathan F. Hankins, William B. Sisson, Thomas W. TI Aluminosilicate melts and glasses at 1 to 3 GPa: Temperature and pressure effects on recovered structural and density changes SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE NMR; aluminosilicates; high pressure; aluminum coordination; densification; glass; pressure drop; piston-cylinder apparatus ID SODIUM-SILICATE-GLASSES; NON-BRIDGING OXYGEN; ALUMINUM COORDINATION; FICTIVE TEMPERATURE; BOROSILICATE GLASS; AL COORDINATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NMR; LIQUIDS; O-17 AB In the pressure range in the Earth's mantle where many basaltic magmas are generated (1 to 3 GPa) (Stolper et al. 1981), increases in the coordination numbers of the network-forming cations in aluminosilicate melts have generally been considered to be minor, although effects on silicon and particularly on aluminum coordination in non-bridging oxygen-rich glasses from the higher, 5 to 12 GPa range, are now well known. Most high-precision measurements of network cation coordination in such samples have been made by spectroscopy (notably Al-27 and Si-29 NMR) on glasses quenched from high-temperature, high-pressure melts synthesized in solid-media apparatuses and decompressed to room temperature and 1 bar pressure. There are several effects that could lead to the underestimation of the extent of actual structural (and density) changes in high-pressure/temperature melts from such data. For non-bridging oxygen-rich sodium and calcium aluminosilicate compositions in the 1 to 3 GPa range, we show here that glasses annealed near to their glass transition temperatures systematically record higher recovered increases in aluminum coordination and in density than samples quenched from high-temperature melts. In the piston-cylinder apparatus used, rates of cooling through the glass transition are measured as very similar for both higher and lower initial temperatures, indicating that fictive temperature effects are not the likely explanation of these differences. Instead, transient decreases in melt pressure during thermal quenching, which may be especially large for high initial run temperatures, of as much as 0.5 to 1 GPa, may be responsible. As a result, the equilibrium proportion of high-coordinated Al in this pressure range may be 50 to 90% greater than previously estimated, reaching mean coordination numbers (e.g., 4.5) that are probably high enough to significantly affect melt properties. New data on jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) glass confirm that aluminum coordination increase with pressure is inhibited in compositions low in non-bridging O atoms. C1 [Bista, Saurav; Stebbins, Jonathan F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hankins, William B.; Sisson, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bista, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sbista@stanford.edu FU NSF [EAR-1019596] FX We thank Jodi Puglisi and Corey Liu for access to the 18.8 T spectrometer in the Stanford Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, and Namjun Kim for assistance with collecting these spectra. We also thank Bob Jones for help with the EPMA. We thank Wim Malfait (EMPA, Zurich), Celeste Mercer (U.S.G.S. Denver), and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript, and Sabyasachi Sen and Sarah Gaudio (U.C. Davis) for many interesting and fruitful discussions about glass structure and relaxation. This work was supported by the NSF, grant EAR-1019596. The experimental facility is supported by the Volcano Hazards Program of the USGS. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 100 IS 10 BP 2298 EP 2307 DI 10.2138/am-2015-5258 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA CT3GG UT WOS:000362694600028 ER PT J AU Samuel, MD Hall, JS Brown, JD Goldberg, DR Ip, H Baranyuk, VV AF Samuel, Michael D. Hall, Jeffrey S. Brown, Justin D. Goldberg, Diana R. Ip, Hon Baranyuk, Vasily V. TI The dynamics of avian influenza in Lesser Snow Geese: implications for annual and migratory infection patterns SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE antibody persistence; avian influenza virus; Chen caerulescens; infection rate; Lesser Snow Geese; migration; serology ID WILD BIRDS; PACIFIC FLYWAY; A VIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODIES; WATERFOWL; SURVIVAL; CHOLERA; ALASKA; ASSAY AB Wild water birds are the natural reservoir for low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIV). However, our ability to investigate the epizootiology of AIV in these migratory populations is challenging and, despite intensive worldwide surveillance, remains poorly understood. We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective analysis in Pacific Flyway Lesser Snow Geese, Chen caerulescens, to investigate AIV serology and infection patterns. We collected nearly 3000 sera samples from Snow Geese at two breeding colonies in Russia and Canada during 1993-1996 and swab samples from.4000 birds at wintering and migration areas in the United States during 2006-2011. We found seroprevalence and annual seroconversion varied considerably among years. Seroconversion and infection rates also differed between Snow Goose breeding colonies and wintering areas, suggesting that AIV exposure in this gregarious waterfowl species is likely occurring during several phases (migration, wintering, and potentially breeding areas) of the annual cycle. We estimated AIV antibody persistence was longer (14 months) in female geese compared to males (6 months). This relatively long period of AIV antibody persistence suggests that subtype-specific serology may be an effective tool for detection of exposure to subtypes associated with highly pathogenic AIV. Our study provides further evidence of high seroprevalence in Arctic goose populations, and estimates of annual AIV seroconversion and antibody persistence for North American waterfowl. We suggest future AIV studies include serology to help elucidate the epizootiological dynamics of AIV in wild bird populations. C1 [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Goldberg, Diana R.; Ip, Hon] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Brown, Justin D.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Baranyuk, Vasily V.] ARRINC, Minist Environm Protect & Nat Resources, Moscow, Russia. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; Goldberg, Diana/0000-0001-8540-8512 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C, HHSN272200900007C]; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology FX We thank the many dedicated field biologists and laboratory staff who contributed to this work including: B. Ganter, L. Sileo, D. Krage, E. Cooch, J. E. Hines, S. Nashold, J. TeSlaa, B. Otto, P. DeBruyn, K. Mansfield, B. Ellis, and E. Rowan. Funding for conducting field and laboratory studies was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. Funding for laboratory analysis was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contracts HHSN266200700007C and HHSN272200900007C. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases had no involvement in the study design, implementation, or publishing of this study and the research presented herein represents the opinions of the authors, but not necessarily the opinions of this agency. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife graciously provided test results for Snow Geese. We thank J. Stenglein, S. Shriner, and two reviewers for many helpful comments that improved the paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology provided funding to support publication costs. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1851 EP 1859 DI 10.1890/14-1820.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT1BR UT WOS:000362532600009 PM 26591451 ER PT J AU Schoen, ER Beauchamp, DA Buettner, AR Overman, NC AF Schoen, Erik R. Beauchamp, David A. Buettner, Anna R. Overman, Nathanael C. TI Temperature and depth mediate resource competition and apparent competition between Mysis diluviana and kokanee SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE apparent competition; bioenergetics; environmental matching; exploitative competition; hyperpredation; kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka); Lake Chelan, Washington, USA; lake morphometry; lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush); Mysis diluviana; nonnative species; resource competition ID LAKE PEND OREILLE; VERTEBRATE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; FRESH-WATER LAKES; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; LONG-TERM; ZOOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION AB In many food webs, species in similar trophic positions can interact either by competing for resources or boosting shared predators (apparent competition), but little is known about how the relative strengths of these interactions vary across environmental gradients. Introduced Mysis diluviana shrimp interact with planktivorous fishes such as kokanee salmon (lacustrine Oncorhynchus nerka) through both of these pathways, and effective management depends on understanding which interaction is more limiting under different conditions. An `` environmental matching'' hypothesis predicts the ecological impacts of Mysis are maximized under cool conditions near its thermal optimum. In addition, we hypothesized Mysis is more vulnerable to predation by lake trout in relatively shallow waters, and therefore Mysis enhances lake trout density and limits kokanee through apparent competition more strongly in shallower habitats. We tested whether these hypotheses could explain food web differences between two connected lake basins, one relatively shallow and the other extremely deep. The shallower basin warmed faster, thermally excluded Mysis from surface waters for 75% longer, and supported 2.5-18 times greater seasonal production of cladoceran zooplankton than the deeper basin, standardized by surface area. Mysis consumed 14-22% less zooplankton in the shallower basin, and lower ratios of total planktivore consumption to zooplankton production (C: P) indicated less potential for resource competition with kokanee, consistent with environmental matching. Lake trout diets contained more Mysis in the shallower basin and at shallower sampling sites within both basins. The catch rate of lake trout was seven times greater and the predation risk for kokanee was 4-5 times greater in the shallower basin than in the deeper basin, consistent with stronger apparent competition in shallower habitats. Understanding how the strengths of these interactions are mediated by temperature and depth would enable managers to select appropriate strategies to address the unique combinations of conditions in hundreds of affected systems. C1 [Schoen, Erik R.; Buettner, Anna R.; Overman, Nathanael C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Schoen, ER (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 902 Koyukuk Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM eschoen@alaska.edu OI Schoen, Erik/0000-0001-8301-6419 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Chelan County Public Utility District; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; UW IACUC [3286-10] FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Chelan County Public Utility District, and the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. C. Ekblad, M. Grassley, B. Long, E. Lowery, C. Menard, J. Mitts, S. Pierszalowski, C. Sergeant, and many others provided field and laboratory assistance. A. Jones, F. Clark, J. Heinlen, M. Lippincott, M. Polacek, and A. Viola provided samples and invaluable local knowledge. Comments from A. Hansen, T. Essington, A. Sepulveda, D. Schindler, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This research was performed under the auspices of UW IACUC Protocol No. 3286-10. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1962 EP 1975 DI 10.1890/14-1822.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT1BR UT WOS:000362532600019 PM 26591461 ER PT J AU Will, A Watanuki, Y Kikuchi, DM Sato, N Ito, M Callahan, M Wynne-Edwards, K Hatch, S Elliott, K Slater, L Takahashi, A Kitaysky, A AF Will, Alexis Watanuki, Yutaka Kikuchi, Dale M. Sato, Nobuhiko Ito, Motohiro Callahan, Matt Wynne-Edwards, Katherine Hatch, Scott Elliott, Kyle Slater, Leslie Takahashi, Akinori Kitaysky, Alexander TI Feather corticosterone reveals stress associated with dietary changes in a breeding seabird SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Diet composition; foraging behavior; junk-food hypothesis; nutritional stress; rhinoceros auklet ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PLACE FORAGING SEABIRD; JUNK-FOOD HYPOTHESIS; RHINOCEROS AUKLET; LONG-TERM; PREY TYPE; CERORHINCA-MONOCERATA; DEVELOPMENTAL STRESS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION AB Changes in climate and anthropogenic pressures might affect the composition and abundance of forage fish in the world's oceans. The junk-food hypothesis posits that dietary shifts that affect the quality (e.g., energy content) of food available to marine predators may impact their physiological state and consequently affect their fitness. Previously, we experimentally validated that deposition of the adrenocortical hormone, corticosterone, in feathers is a sensitive measure of nutritional stress in seabirds. Here, we use this method to examine how changes in diet composition and prey quality affect the nutritional status of free-living rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata). Our study sites included the following: Teuri Is. Japan, Middleton Is. central Gulf of Alaska, and St. Lazaria Is. Southeast Alaska. In 2012 and 2013, we collected bill loads delivered by parents to feed their chicks (n=758) to document dietary changes. We deployed time-depth-temperature recorders on breeding adults (n=47) to evaluate whether changes in prey coincided with changes in foraging behavior. We measured concentrations of corticosterone in fledgling (n=71) and adult breeders' (n=82) feathers to determine how birds were affected by foraging conditions. We found that seasonal changes in diet composition occurred on each colony, adults dove deeper and engaged in longer foraging bouts when capturing larger prey and that chicks had higher concentrations of corticosterone in their feathers when adults brought back smaller and/or lower energy prey. Corticosterone levels in feathers of fledglings (grown during the breeding season) and those in feathers of adult breeders (grown during the postbreeding season) were positively correlated, indicating possible carryover effects. These results suggest that seabirds might experience increased levels of nutritional stress associated with moderate dietary changes and that physiological responses to changes in prey composition should be considered when evaluating the effect of prey quality on marine predators. C1 [Will, Alexis; Kitaysky, Alexander] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Watanuki, Yutaka] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Kikuchi, Dale M.; Sato, Nobuhiko; Takahashi, Akinori] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Ito, Motohiro; Takahashi, Akinori] SOKENDAI, Dept Polar Sci, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Callahan, Matt] NOAA, Ted Stevens Res Inst, Juneau, AK USA. [Wynne-Edwards, Katherine] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Wynne-Edwards, Katherine] Univ Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Inst, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Hatch, Scott] Inst Seabird Res & Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. [Elliott, Kyle] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Slater, Leslie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Will, A (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 311 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM awill4@alaska.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [GOAIERP: F4181-2]; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks FX This project was made possible primarily by the North Pacific Research Board and also by the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. North Pacific Research Board, (Grant/Award Number: 'GOAIERP: F4181-2', 'Graduate Research Fellowship') Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, (Grant/Award Number: 'Summer Research Grant'). NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 5 IS 19 BP 4221 EP 4232 DI 10.1002/ece3.1694 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CT0YF UT WOS:000362523300001 PM 26664674 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS AF Caruso, Brian S. TI A hydrologic connectivity index for jurisdictional analysis of headwater streams in a montane watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Mountains; Headwaters; Intermittent and Ephemeral Streams; Connectivity; Jurisdiction ID SCIENCE; CLASSIFICATION; ECOREGIONS; PERMANENCE; MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENTS; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; HILLSLOPE; RUNOFF AB A hydrologic connectivity index (HCI) was developed to aid the US Clean Water Act Section 404 jurisdictional evaluation of headwater streams in montane watersheds, using the Cement Creek Watershed in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado as a case study. Jurisdictional determinations are required for many intermittent and ephemeral streams, where significant nexus with downstream traditional navigable waters (TNWs) must be evaluated. Three biophysical metrics (a streamflow metric, distance from the stream to the TNW, and slope between the stream and the TNW) for 239 streams in the watershed were used to develop three indices. These were then combined to develop the HCI, which is a compound, additive index. There was a large range of HCI values for ephemeral streams, which all require a significant nexus evaluation to determine jurisdiction. Statistical analysis of HCI values across stream duration and order classes showed that mean values differed significantly among classes. The flow index component constituted the greatest proportion of the HCI for perennial streams, was sensitive to the flow metrics used, and was greatest for high flows. Although ephemeral streams are only connected to the TNW less than 3 months of the year, the cumulative average annual flow contribution of ephemeral first-order streams can be 5 % of the total to the TNW, and their flow contribution is larger during high flows. Some ephemeral streams with high HCI values are farthest from the TNW but contribute the greatest flow out of all ephemeral reaches, and may have significant nexus with the river. The study shows that the HCI can be useful for initial evaluation of connectivity, significant nexus, and jurisdiction of headwaters at the watershed scale. C1 [Caruso, Brian S.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bcaruso@usgs.gov FU University of Canterbury FX Thanks to the University of Canterbury for providing time and funding to undertake this study as part of my sabbatical in Colorado. Thanks also go to Crile Doscher and James Robb for initial GIS discussions and support, and to several anonymous reviewers for helping to improve the paper. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 187 IS 10 AR 635 DI 10.1007/s10661-015-4862-2 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS7SD UT WOS:000362284700030 PM 26391489 ER PT J AU Davenport, F Funk, C AF Davenport, Frank Funk, Chris TI Using time series structural characteristics to analyze grain prices in food insecure countries SO FOOD SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Price analysis; Characteristic based clustering; Food security ID MARKET INTEGRATION; KENYA; ACCURACY; CLIMATE; FAMINE; MODELS AB Two components of food security monitoring are accurate forecasts of local grain prices and the ability to identify unusual price behavior. We evaluated a method that can both facilitate forecasts of cross-country grain price data and identify dissimilarities in price behavior across multiple markets. This method, characteristic based clustering (CBC), identifies similarities in multiple time series based on structural characteristics in the data. Here, we conducted a simulation experiment to determine if CBC can be used to improve the accuracy of maize price forecasts. We then compared forecast accuracies among clustered and non-clustered price series over a rolling time horizon. We found that the accuracy of forecasts on clusters of time series were equal to or worse than forecasts based on individual time series. However, in the following experiment we found that CBC was still useful for price analysis. We used the clusters to explore the similarity of price behavior among Kenyan maize markets. We found that price behavior in the isolated markets of Mandera and Marsabit has become increasingly dissimilar from markets in other Kenyan cities, and that these dissimilarities could not be explained solely by geographic distance. The structural isolation of Mandera and Marsabit that we find in this paper is supported by field studies on food security and market integration in Kenya. Our results suggest that a market with a unique price series (as measured by structural characteristics that differ from neighboring markets) may lack market integration and food security. C1 [Davenport, Frank] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Davenport, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM frank.davenport@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey (USGS) [G09AC000001]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change program; NASA SERVIR; NASA [NNH12ZDA001N-IDS, NNX14AD30G] FX Kathryn Grace provided many insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by US Geological Survey (USGS) cooperative agreement (#G09AC000001), the USGS Climate and Land Use Change program, NASA SERVIR, and NASA grants NNH12ZDA001N-IDS and NNX14AD30G. The Kenyan price data was provided courtesy of Blake Stabler at FEWS NET and the Kenyan Ministry of Agriculture. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1876-4517 EI 1876-4525 J9 FOOD SECUR JI Food Secur. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1055 EP 1070 DI 10.1007/s12571-015-0490-5 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA CS7SJ UT WOS:000362285400010 ER PT J AU White, WM AF White, William M. TI PROBING THE EARTH'S DEEP INTERIOR THROUGH GEOCHEMISTRY SO GEOCHEMICAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ISLAND BASALTS; CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; AUSTRALIAN-ANTARCTIC DISCORDANCE; CENTRAL-NORTH-ATLANTIC; ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY; GROUP ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; OSMIUM ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; NON-CHONDRITIC COMPOSITION AB Basaltic volcanism provides a window into the Earth's mantle. Seeing through this window requires seeing through the processes of magma genesis and evolution that distort the view. Radiogenic isotope ratios, and to a lesser extent incompatible elements and stable isotope ratios, allow us to see through these distortions and infer the nature and evolution of various mantle magma sources. Geochemical studies of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) reveal that the upper mantle was long ago depleted in incompatible elements through previous episodes of melt extraction, likely associated with crust formation. Oceanic island basalts (OIB) are the products of mantle plumes and hence provide us with a view of the deepest parts of the Earth's mantle. These plumes can be divided into several genera, EMI, EM II, and HIMU, most of which contain several species. Little or no mixing is observed between these genera, but all mix with a prevalent mantle component, PREMA, that contributes to many if not all plumes. Although the mantle comprising plumes also show evidence of previous melt extraction events, the more prominent chemical signature is of material anciently recycled from the Earth's surface through subduction of oceanic crust and sediment, subduction erosion, and foundering of lower continental crust. This is most unambiguously manifest in variations in stable isotope ratios that could only have been produced at or near the surface of the Earth. In addition to a recycled component, many plumes also contain a quite primitive component, manifested primarily in their noble gas isotope ratios. The primitive component seems most closely associated with PREMA. In contrast to hot spot and mid-ocean ridge volcanism, subduction-related volcanism allows an assessment of the flux into the Earth's mantle. It was apparent from early Pb isotope data that sediment was subducted along with oceanic crust, an observation later dramatically confirmed by the discovery of cosmogenic Be-10 in subduction zone magmas. Because of this sediment, the flux into the mantle at subduction zones is more incompatible-element enriched than MORB. Although some fraction of this material is extracted into subduction zone magmas, a variety of approaches reveal that the flux into the deep mantle remains incompatible-element enriched. Other studies, particularly geophysical ones, indicate that this subduction flux is substantially augmented by subduction erosion of the overriding plate. Over Earth's history these processes together with continental crustal founding may have delivered a volume of material equal to the present volume of the continents. The discovery that all modern terrestrial rocks have an excess of Nd-142, which is the decay product of the extinct radionuclide Sm-146, compared to chondrites, reopens the question of the Earth's composition. One important implication is that the concentrations of heat producing elements, U, Th, and K, may be 25 % or more lower than previously thought. Another implication is that the depleted source of MORB may constitute a very large fraction of the mantle, perhaps nearly all of it. On the other hand, the heat flow from the core may be substantially greater than previously thought. This implies that the lowermost mantle and the core-mantle boundary layer may play a dominant role in driving mantle convention, and ultimately all geologic processes. Geophysical evidence is revealing that the lowermost mantle is indeed a dynamic and interesting region. The challenge for mantle geochemists is to integrate their observations with those of geophysicists and progress is slowly being made in this respect. C1 [White, William M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, DTM, Washington, DC USA. [White, William M.] USGS, Denver, CO USA. [White, William M.] Max Planck Inst, Al Hofmanns New Abt Geochem, Mainz, Germany. [White, William M.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, William M.] Cornell Univ, Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [White, William M.] DTM, Berlin, Germany. RP White, WM (reprint author), AGU, Washington, DC 20009 USA. OI White, William/0000-0001-9024-7039 NR 576 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 56 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC GEOCHEMISTRY PI PARIS CEDEX 05 PA IPGP-GOPEL-BUREAU 566, 1 RUE JUSSIEU, PARIS CEDEX 05, 75238, FRANCE SN 2223-7755 EI 2224-2759 J9 GEOCHEM PERSPECT JI Geochem. Perspect. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 4 IS 2 BP 95 EP 251 PG 157 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CT4SJ UT WOS:000362797300002 ER PT J AU LaFontaine, JH Hay, LE Viger, RJ Regan, RS Markstrom, SL AF LaFontaine, Jacob H. Hay, Lauren E. Viger, Roland J. Regan, R. Steve Markstrom, Steven L. TI Effects of Climate and Land Cover on Hydrology in the Southeastern US: Potential Impacts on Watershed Planning SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surface water hydrology; land use; land cover change; climate variability; change; streamflow; best management practices; stormwater control measures ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RIVER-BASINS; URBAN-GROWTH; RUNOFF; URBANIZATION; VEGETATION; AREA; CONSEQUENCES AB The hydrologic response to statistically downscaled general circulation model simulations of daily surface climate and land cover through 2099 was assessed for the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin located in the southeastern United States. Projections of climate, urbanization, vegetation, and surface-depression storage capacity were used as inputs to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System to simulate projected impacts on hydrologic response. Surface runoff substantially increased when land cover change was applied. However, once the surface depression storage was added to mitigate the land cover change and increases of surface runoff (due to urbanization), the groundwater flow component then increased. For hydrologic studies that include projections of land cover change (urbanization in particular), any analysis of runoff beyond the change in total runoff should include effects of stormwater management practices as these features affect flow timing and magnitude and may be useful in mitigating land cover change impacts on streamflow. Potential changes in water availability and how biota may respond to changes in flow regime in response to climate and land cover change may prove challenging for managers attempting to balance the needs of future development and the environment. However, these models are still useful for assessing the relative impacts of climate and land cover change and for evaluating tradeoffs when managing to mitigate different stressors. C1 [LaFontaine, Jacob H.] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Hay, Lauren E.; Viger, Roland J.; Regan, R. Steve; Markstrom, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP LaFontaine, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, 1770 Corp Dr,Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM jlafonta@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1261 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12304 PG 27 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CS8WG UT WOS:000362369900007 ER PT J AU Moorhead, J Gowda, P Hobbins, M Senay, G Paul, G Marek, T Porter, D AF Moorhead, Jerry Gowda, Prasanna Hobbins, Mike Senay, Gabriel Paul, George Marek, Thomas Porter, Dana TI Accuracy Assessment of NOAA Gridded Daily Reference Evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate; water resources management; Ogallala Aquifer region ID ENERGY BALANCE APPROACH; MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MODELS; SYSTEM AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides daily reference evapotranspiration (ETref) maps for the contiguous United States using climatic data from North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). This data provides large-scale spatial representation of ETref, which is essential for regional scale water resources management. Data used in the development of NOAA daily ETref maps are derived from observations over surfaces that are different from short (grass ETos) or tall (alfalfa ETrs) reference crops, often in nonagricultural settings, which carries an unknown discrepancy between assumed and actual conditions. In this study, NOAA daily ETos and ETrs maps were evaluated for accuracy, using observed data from the Texas High Plains Evapotranspiration (TXHPET) network. Daily ETos, ETrs and the climatic data (air temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation) used for calculating ETref were extracted from the NOAA maps for TXHPET locations and compared against ground measurements on reference grass surfaces. NOAA ETref maps generally overestimated the TXHPET observations (1.4 and 2.2mm/day ETos and ETrs, respectively), which may be attributed to errors in the NLDAS modeled air temperature and wind speed, to which reference ETref is most sensitive. Therefore, a bias correction to NLDAS modeled air temperature and wind speed data, or adjustment to the resulting NOAA ETref, may be needed to improve the accuracy of NOAA ETref maps. C1 [Moorhead, Jerry; Gowda, Prasanna] ARS CPRL, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Senay, Gabriel] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. [Paul, George; Marek, Thomas] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, North Res Field, Etter, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Porter, Dana] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Serv, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Moorhead, J (reprint author), ARS CPRL, USDA, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM jed.moorhead@ars.usda.gov OI Paul, George/0000-0002-5322-7650 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1262 EP 1271 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12303 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CS8WG UT WOS:000362369900008 ER PT J AU Stets, EG Kelly, VJ Crawford, CG AF Stets, E. G. Kelly, V. J. Crawford, C. G. TI Regional and Temporal Differences in Nitrate Trends Discerned from Long-Term Water Quality Monitoring Data SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; rivers; streams; monitoring; land-use; land cover change; time series analysis; nutrients ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; NITROGEN INPUT; LAND-USE; FLUX; US; EUTROPHICATION; YIELDS AB Riverine nitrate (NO3) is a well-documented driver of eutrophication and hypoxia in coastal areas. The development of the elevated river NO3 concentration is linked to anthropogenic inputs from municipal, agricultural, and atmospheric sources. The intensity of these sources has varied regionally, through time, and in response to multiple causes such as economic drivers and policy responses. This study uses long-term water quality, land use, and other ancillary data to further describe the evolution of river NO3 concentrations at 22 monitoring stations in the United States (U.S.). The stations were selected for long-term data availability and to represent a range of climate and land-use conditions. We examined NO3 at the monitoring stations, using a flow-weighting scheme meant to account for interannual flow variability allowing greater focus on river chemical conditions. River NO3 concentration increased strongly during 1945-1980 at most of the stations and have remained elevated, but stopped increasing during 1981-2008. NO3 increased to a greater extent at monitoring stations in the Midwest U.S. and less so at those in the Eastern and Western U.S. We discuss 20th Century agricultural development in the U.S. and demonstrate that regional differences in NO3 concentration patterns were strongly related to an agricultural index developed using principal components analysis. This unique century-scale dataset adds to our understanding of long-term NO3 patterns in the U.S. C1 [Stets, E. G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kelly, V. J.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Crawford, C. G.] US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Stets, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St,Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM estets@usgs.gov OI Crawford, Charles/0000-0003-1653-7841; Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196 FU USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network; USGS National Water Quality Assessment FX This study was funded by the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network and the USGS National Water Quality Assessment. We thank Whitney Broussard, Thor Smith, Keith Robinson, and Evan Hornig for contributions early in the project. Lori Sprague and Richard Alexander provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1394 EP 1407 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12321 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CS8WG UT WOS:000362369900016 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, ME Brandt, J Sandhaus, E Grantham, J Mee, A Schuppert, PJ Smith, DR AF Finkelstein, Myra E. Brandt, Joseph Sandhaus, Estelle Grantham, Jesse Mee, Allan Schuppert, Patricia Jill Smith, Donald R. TI Lead Exposure Risk from Trash Ingestion by the Endangered California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ammunition; California Condor; exposure risk; lead; trash; vulture ID MORTALITY; RECOVERY; VULTURES; JUNK AB Lead poisoning from ingestion of spent lead ammunition is one of the greatest threats to the recovery of California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) in the wild. Trash ingestion by condors is well documented, yet the extent that trash presents a lead exposure risk is unknown. We evaluated 1,413 trash items collected from condor nest areas and nestlings in the Transverse Range of Ventura County, California, US, from 2002 to 2008, for their potential as a lead exposure risk to condors. We visually identified 71 items suspected to contain sufficient lead to be of toxicologic concern. These items were leached with weak acid and analyzed for lead. Twenty-seven of the 71 leached items (similar to 2% of the 1,413 items) were "lead containing" based on criteria of a leachate lead concentration >1 mu g/mL, with the majority of these items (22; 81% of the 27 lead items) being ammunition related (e.g., spent bullet casings and jacketed bullets). Only three of the 1,413 items collected were lead containing but were clearly not ammunition related; the other two lead-containing items were unidentified. Our results suggest that trash ingestion of nonammunition items does not pose a significant lead exposure risk to the California Condor population in California. C1 [Finkelstein, Myra E.; Schuppert, Patricia Jill; Smith, Donald R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Microbiol & Environm Toxicol Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brandt, Joseph; Grantham, Jesse] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Sandhaus, Estelle] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Conservat & Behav, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sandhaus, Estelle] Dept Conservat & Res, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sandhaus, Estelle] Santa Barbara Zoo, Dept Conservat & Res, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. [Mee, Allan] San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Mee, Allan] Golden Eagle Trust Ltd, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Finkelstein, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Microbiol & Environm Toxicol Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM myraf@ucsc.edu FU USFWS Endangered Species Cooperative Conservation Fund; Santa Barbara Zoo; Zoos and Aquariums Committing to Conservation; Santa Barbara Auto Group; Land Rover of Santa Barbara; San Diego Zoo Global FX We thank R. Franks, E. Hiolski, G. Kouklis, Z. Kuspa, and the US Fish and Wildlife Condor Recovery Program for their contribution to this work. Special thanks to J. Hamber at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History for assistance with sample storage and sorting and J. Nores and C. Babich for verification of trash items as ammunition related or not. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). This project was supported by the USFWS Endangered Species Cooperative Conservation Fund, Santa Barbara Zoo, Zoos and Aquariums Committing to Conservation, Santa Barbara Auto Group and Land Rover of Santa Barbara, and the San Diego Zoo Global. None of the funders of this research had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript, and none of the funders required approval of the final manuscript to be published. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 48 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 901 EP 906 DI 10.7589/2014-10-253 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CS9VP UT WOS:000362441100015 PM 26251991 ER PT J AU Bodenstein, B Beckmen, K Sheffield, G Kuletz, K Van Hemert, C Berlowski, B Shearn-Bochsler, V AF Bodenstein, Barbara Beckmen, Kimberlee Sheffield, Gay Kuletz, Kathy Van Hemert, Caroline Berlowski, Brenda Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie TI Avian Cholera Causes Marine Bird Mortality in the Bering Sea of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LESSER SNOW; GEESE; CARRIERS; DISEASE; EIDERS AB The first known avian cholera outbreak among wild birds in Alaska occurred during November 2013. Liver, intestinal, and splenic necrosis consistent with avian cholera was noted, and Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 was isolated from liver and lung or spleen in Crested Auklets (Aethia cristatella), Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis), and gulls (Larus spp.). C1 [Bodenstein, Barbara; Berlowski, Brenda; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Beckmen, Kimberlee] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Sheffield, Gay] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Marine Advisory Program, Nome, AK 99762 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Van Hemert, Caroline] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Bodenstein, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM bbodenstein@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 934 EP 937 DI 10.7589/2014-12-273 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CS9VP UT WOS:000362441100021 PM 26251989 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Reeves, AB Poulson, RL Wasley, J Esler, D Stallknecht, DE AF Ramey, Andrew M. Reeves, Andrew B. Poulson, Rebecca L. Wasley, Jeff Esler, Daniel Stallknecht, David E. TI Sampling of Sea Ducks for Influenza A Viruses in Alaska during Winter Provides Lack of Evidence for Epidemiologic Peak of Infection SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WATERFOWL; BIRDS AB Sampling of sea ducks for influenza A viruses in Alaska during winter provided no evidence for an epidemiologic peak of infection. Isolates were recovered, however, that provide information on viral diversity and dispersal that may not be realized through sampling efforts focused on other avian taxa. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.; Reeves, Andrew B.; Esler, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ramey, Andrew M.; Poulson, Rebecca L.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wasley, Jeff] Four Flyways Outfitters, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU US Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area; National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance [HHSN272201400006C] FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area and through the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (contract HHSN272201400006C). None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article and the opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the funding agencies and institutions with which the authors are affiliated, except for the US Geological Survey. This report was reviewed and approved by USGS under the Fundamental Science Practices policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp/). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 938 EP 941 DI 10.7589/2015-03-057 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CS9VP UT WOS:000362441100022 PM 26267465 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Jones, CE Bannister, T AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina Jones, Cathleen E. Bannister, Terri TI Maresh Canopy Leaf Area and Orientation Calculated for Improved Marsh Structure Mapping SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; INDEX; REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND; LIGHT; RED; LOUISIANA; SPECTRA; DIEBACK AB An approach is presented for producing the spatiotemporal estimation of leaf area index (LAI) of a highly heterogeneous coastal marsh without reliance on user estimates of marsh leaf-stem orientation. The canopy LAI profile derivation used three years of field measured photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) vertical profiles at seven S. alterniflora marsh sites and iterative transform of those PAR attenuation profiles to best-fit light extinction coefficients (KM). KM sun zenith dependency was removed obtaining the leaf angle distribution (LAD) representing the average marsh orientation and the LAD used to calculate the LAI canopy profile. LAI and LAD reproduced measured PAR profiles with 99 percent accuracy and corresponded to field documented structures. LAI and LAD better reflect marsh structure and results substantiate the need to account for marsh orientation. The structure indexes are directly amenable to remote sensing spatiotemporal mapping and offer a more meaningful representation of wetland systems promoting biophysical function understanding. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III; Rangoonwala, Amina] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Jones, Cathleen E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bannister, Terri] Univ SW Louisiana, Reg Applicat Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM ramseye@usgs.gov FU National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) [11-TE11-104]; US Geological Survey Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Fund FX We thank Dr. Stephen McNeill of Landcare Research Informatics Team for his insightful and constructive review. This research was supported in part by the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) Grant No. 11-TE11-104 and was carried out in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, and by US Geological Survey Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Funds. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 81 IS 10 BP 807 EP 816 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CS9DJ UT WOS:000362389000006 ER PT J AU Nelson, PH Gianoutsos, NJ Drake, RM AF Nelson, Philip H. Gianoutsos, Nicholas J. Drake, Ronald M., II TI Underpressure in Mesozoic and Paleozoic rock units in the Midcontinent of the United States SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL KANSAS; ORIGIN; BASIN; FLOW AB Potentiometric surfaces for Paleozoic strata, based on water well levels and selected drill-stem tests, reveal the control on hydraulic head exerted by outcrops in eastern Kansas and Oklahoma. From outcrop in the east, the westward climb of hydraulic head is much less than that of the land surface, with heads falling so far below land surface that the pressure:depth ratio in eastern Colorado is less than 5.7 kPa/m (0.25 psi/ft). Permian evaporites separate the Paleozoic hydrogeologic units from a Lower Cretaceous (Dakota Group) aquifer, and a highly saline brine plume pervading Paleozoic units in central Kansas and Oklahoma is attributed to dissolution of Permian halite. Underpressure also exists in the Lower Cretaceous hydrogeologic unit in the Denver Basin, which is hydrologically separate from the Paleozoic units. The data used to construct the seven potentiometric surfaces were also used to construct seven maps of pressure:depth ratio. These latter maps are a function of the differences among hydraulic head, land-surface elevation, and formation elevation. As a consequence, maps of pressure:depth ratio reflect the interplay of three topologies that evolved independently with time. As underpres sure developed, gas migrated in response to the changing pressure regime, most notably filling the Hugoton gas field in southwestern Kansas. The timing of underpressure development was determined by the timing of outcrop exposure and tilting of the Great Plains. Explorationists in western Kansas and eastern Colorado should not be surprised if a reservoir is underpressured; rather, they should be surprised if it is not. C1 [Nelson, Philip H.; Gianoutsos, Nicholas J.; Drake, Ronald M., II] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nelson, PH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Ener