FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Duncan, MB Bramblett, RG Zale, AV AF Duncan, Michael B. Bramblett, Robert G. Zale, Alexander V. TI Distributions of Small Nongame Fishes in the Lower Yellowstone River SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE PALLID STURGEON; LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; HABITAT USE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FLOW REGULATION; SOUTH-DAKOTA; NORTH-DAKOTA; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; SICKLEFIN CHUB AB The Yellowstone River is the longest unimpounded river in the conterminous United States. It has a relatively natural flow regime, which helps maintain diverse habitats and fish assemblages uncommon in large rivers elsewhere. The lower Yellowstone River was thought to support a diverse nongame fish assemblage including several species of special concern. However, comprehensive data on the small nongame fish assemblage of the lower Yellowstone River is lacking. Therefore, we sampled the Yellowstone River downstream of its confluence with the Clark's Fork using fyke nets and otter trawls to assess distributions and abundances of small nongame fishes. We captured 42 species (24 native and 18 nonnative) in the lower Yellowstone River with fyke nets. Native species constituted over 99% of the catch. Emerald shiners Notropis atherinoides, western silvery minnows Hybognathus argyritis, flathead chubs Platygobio gracilis, sand shiners Notropis stramineus, and longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae composed nearly 94% of fyke net catch and were caught in every segment of the study area. We captured 24 species by otter trawling downstream of the Tongue River. Sturgeon chubs Macrhybopsis gelida, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, flathead chubs, stonecats Noturus flavus, and sicklefin chubs Macrhybopsis meeki composed 89% of the otter trawl catch. The upstream distributional limit of sturgeon chubs in the Yellowstone River was the Tongue River; few sicklefin chubs were captured above Intake Diversion Dam. This study not only provides biologists with baseline data for future monitoring efforts on the Yellowstone River but serves as a benchmark for management and conservation efforts in large rivers elsewhere as the Yellowstone River represents one of the best references for a naturally functioning Great Plains river. C1 [Duncan, Michael B.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bramblett, Robert G.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Duncan, MB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mikeduncan406@gmail.com FU Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks through State Wildlife Grant Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Montana State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Support for this research was provided by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks through the State Wildlife Grant Program. The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Montana State University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the many people who assisted with field sampling including Jennifer Flippin, Chris Naus, Rosa McIver, Dave Ritter, Drew Wentz, Max Wolter, and Matt Jaeger. We thank the Montana, Fish, Wildlife & Parks staffs in Regions 5 and 7 for much needed support during our sampling efforts. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Montana State University institutional animal care and use protocol 88-04. We thank Caleb Bollman, Mark Pyron, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 112 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900001 ER PT J AU Stewart, TR Ogle, DH Gorman, OT Vinson, MR AF Stewart, Taylor R. Ogle, Derek H. Gorman, Owen T. Vinson, Mark R. TI Age, Growth, and Size of Lake Superior Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulterii) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FISH; RECOMMENDATIONS; OTOLITHS AB Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulterii) are a small, glacial relict species with a disjunct distribution in North America and Siberia. In 2013 we collected Pygmy Whitefish at 28 stations from throughout Lake Superior. Total length was recorded for all fish and weight and sex were recorded and scales and otoliths were collected from a subsample. We compared the precision of estimated ages between readers and between scales and otoliths, estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters for male and female Pygmy Whitefish, and reported the first weight-length relationship for Pygmy Whitefish. Age estimates between scales and otoliths differed significantly with otolith ages significantly greater for most ages after age-3. Maximum otolith age was nine for females and seven for males, which is older than previously reported for Pygmy Whitefish from Lake Superior. Growth was initially fast but slowed considerably after age-3 for males and age-4 for females, falling to 3-4 mm per year at maximum estimated ages. Females were longer than males after age-3. Our results suggest the size, age, and growth of Pygmy Whitefish in Lake Superior have not changed appreciably since 1953. C1 [Stewart, Taylor R.; Ogle, Derek H.] Northland Coll, Dept Nat Resources, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Gorman, Owen T.; Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Ogle, DH (reprint author), Northland Coll, Dept Nat Resources, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dogle@northland.edu NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900002 ER PT J AU Chalupnicki, MA Johnson, JH AF Chalupnicki, Marc A. Johnson, James H. TI Diel Feeding Ecology of Slimy Sculpin in a Tributary to Skaneateles Lake, New York SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GASTRIC EVACUATION RATE; COTTUS-COGNATUS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; MICHIGAN; STREAM; PREDATION; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; ONTARIO; FISHES AB Interactions among the benthic community are typically overlooked but play an important role in fish community dynamics. We examined the diel feeding ecology of Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) from Grout Brook, a tributary to Skaneateles Lake. Of the six time periods examined, Slimy Sculpin consumed the least during the nighttime (2400 h and 0400 h). Chironomids were the major prey consumed during all time periods except for 2400 h when ephemeropterans were the major prey consumed. There was a moderate preference by Slimy Sculpin for food from the benthos (0.59 +/- 0.06) with Diptera (Chironomids), Ephemeroptera (Baetidae), and Trichoptera (Brachycentridae) representing the major taxa. Slimy Sculpin appear to be opportunistic feeders selecting what is most available in the brook. Index of fullness was variable and averaged 1.15% across the diel cycle. Daily ration was measured as a function of fish dry body weight and ranged from 0.12 to 0.22. Estimates of daily consumption ranged from 0.007% to 4.0% of body weight, which corresponds to reports for other species. These findings have application in gauging the relative importance of Slimy Sculpin in streams where highly valued salmonid species also occur. C1 [Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Johnson, James H.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY USA. RP Chalupnicki, MA (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY USA. EM mchalupnicki@usgs.gov; jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900003 ER PT J AU Becker, LJS Brooks, EM Gabor, CR Ostrand, KG AF Becker, L. J. Swanbrow Brooks, E. M. Gabor, C. R. Ostrand, K. G. TI Effects of Turbidity on Foraging Behavior in the Endangered Fountain Darter (Etheostoma fonticola) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; REACTIVE DISTANCE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; LARGEMOUTH BASS; WATER-QUALITY; STREAM FISHES; PREY DENSITY; SUCCESS; SELECTION; TROUT AB The fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola is a federally endangered species that is associated with primarily clear, spring-fed systems, suggesting even minor changes in turbidity have the potential to affect behavior. We examined the effects of turbidity [control: <1 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU), minimal turbidity: mean = 8.7 NTU, moderate turbidity: mean = 23.2 NTU, and high turbidity: mean = 74.6 NTU] on the total number of prey items consumed, time to initiate foraging, total prey consumed out of the time left to forage, and number of strikes made per prey items (prey capture success). Our results indicate elevated turbidity significantly affects the number of prey consumed, time to initiate foraging, and total prey consumed out of the time left to forage. Turbidity does not appear to affect prey capture success. These data suggest even a slight elevation in turbidity (>= 8.7 NTU) can significantly impair foraging behavior in E. fonticola. C1 [Becker, L. J. Swanbrow; Brooks, E. M.; Gabor, C. R.] SW Texas State Univ, Populat & Conservat Biol Program, Dept Biol, 610 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Ostrand, K. G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Aquat Resources Ctr, 500 East McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Gabor, CR (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Populat & Conservat Biol Program, Dept Biol, 610 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM gabor@txstate.edu FU Southwestern Association of Naturalists; Howard McCarley Student Research Award FX We thank T. Bonner for helpful advice and insight on experimental design, logistics, and statistical analysis. Additionally, we thank members of the Gabor/Aspbury (GASP) Lab for helpful commentary on this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Howard McCarley Student Research Award. This experiment was approved by Texas State University IACUC #1115_1101_150. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900005 ER PT J AU McLean, KI Stockwell, CA Mushet, DM AF McLean, K. I. Stockwell, C. A. Mushet, D. M. TI Cannibalistic-morph Tiger Salamanders in Unexpected Ecological Contexts SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM-NEBULOSUM; TROPHIC POLYMORPHISM; DAKOTA; GROWTH; LARVAE; POLYPHENISM; POPULATION; MAVORTIUM; WETLANDS; LAKES AB Barred tiger salamanders [Ambystoma mavortium (Baird, 1850)] exhibit two trophic morphologies; a typical and a cannibalistic morph. Cannibalistic morphs, distinguished by enlarged vomerine teeth, wide heads, slender bodies, and cannibalistic tendencies, are often found where conspecifics occur at high density. During 2012 and 2013, 162 North Dakota wetlands and lakes were sampled for salamanders. Fifty-one contained A. mavortium populations; four of these contained cannibalistic morph individuals. Two populations with cannibalistic morphs occurred at sites with high abundances of conspecifics. However, the other two populations occurred at sites with unexpectedly low conspecific but high fathead minnow [Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque, 1820)] abundances. Further, no typical morphs were observed in either of these later two populations, contrasting with earlier research suggesting cannibalistic morphs only occur at low frequencies in salamander populations. Another anomaly of all four populations was the occurrence of cannibalistic morphs in permanent water sites, suggesting their presence was due to factors other than faster growth allowing them to occupy ephemeral habitats. Therefore, our findings suggest environmental factors inducing the cannibalistic morphism may be more complex than previously thought. C1 [McLean, K. I.; Stockwell, C. A.] N Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [McLean, K. I.; Mushet, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP McLean, KI (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.; McLean, KI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM kmclean@usgs.gov; dmushet@usgs.gov OI McLean, Kyle/0000-0003-3803-0136 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-use Change - Research and Development Program FX We thank Kennebarle and two anonymous reviewers for their reviews of earlier drafts of our manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-use Change - Research and Development Program. Authors complied with all applicable NDSU Institutional Animal Care guidelines (IACUC Protocol #13033) while conducting this research, and all required state and federal permits were obtained. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900006 ER PT J AU Reddin, CJ Krementz, DG AF Reddin, Christopher J. Krementz, David G. TI Small Mammal Communities in Eastern Redcedar Forest SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; JUNIPERUS-VIRGINIANA; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; OCHROTOMYS-NUTTALLI; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GLAUCOMYS-VOLANS; VEGETATION; RANGE; MOUSE AB Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) is a fire-intolerant tree species that has encroached into grassland ecosystems throughout central and eastern North America. Many land managers are interested in removing eastern redcedar to restore native grasslands. We surveyed small mammals using mark-recapture methods in eastern redcedar forest, warm-season grassland, and oldfield habitats in the Ozark region of northwest Arkansas. We conducted over 3300 trap-nights and captured 176 individuals belonging to eight small mammal species, primarily Peromyscus spp. and Reithrodonotmys fulvescens. While species diversity did not vary among habitats, small mammal species composition in eastern redcedar forest differed from that of warm-season grassland and oldfield habitats. The small mammal community of eastern redcedar forest is as diverse as the warm-season grasslands and oldfields it succeeds but replaces grassland associated small mammal species with forest associated species. C1 [Reddin, Christopher J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Krementz, David G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Krementz, David G.] Imperial Natl Wildlife Refuge US Fish & Wildlife, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.; Krementz, DG (reprint author), Imperial Natl Wildlife Refuge US Fish & Wildlife, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. EM krementz@uark.edu FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Service Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Arkansas FX We thank N. Moore, K. Eads, and D. Bowers for logistical help. We would also like to thank S. Stephenson, J. Han, A. Fournier, M. Ronke, C. Sebright, H. Pittman, D. Langdon, and R. Shiery for helping with data collection and analyses. D. Leslie, Jr., E. Finck, S. Stephenson, J. Han, and four anonymous reviewers made valuable comments on an early version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Service Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the University of Arkansas. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 175 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0IZ UT WOS:000376748900011 ER PT J AU Hayman, DTS Pulliam, JRC Marshall, JC Cryan, PM Webb, CT AF Hayman, David T. S. Pulliam, Juliet R. C. Marshall, Jonathan C. Cryan, Paul M. Webb, Colleen T. TI Environment, host, and fungal traits predict continental-scale white-nose syndrome in bats SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; BROWN BATS; GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; HIBERNATING MAMMALS; MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; BODY-TEMPERATURE AB White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease killing bats in eastern North America, but disease is not seen in European bats and is less severe in some North American species. We show that how bats use energy during hibernation and fungal growth rates under different environmental conditions can explain how some bats are able to survive winter with infection and others are not. Our study shows how simple but nonlinear interactions between fungal growth and bat energetics result in decreased survival times at more humid hibernation sites; however, differences between species such as body size and metabolic rates determine the impact of fungal infection on bat survival, allowing European bat species to survive, whereas North American species can experience dramatic decline. C1 [Hayman, David T. S.; Marshall, Jonathan C.] Massey Univ, Hopkirk Res Inst, Mol Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Lab, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Pulliam, Juliet R. C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pulliam, Juliet R. C.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pulliam, Juliet R. C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Marshall, Jonathan C.] Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hayman, DTS (reprint author), Massey Univ, Hopkirk Res Inst, Mol Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Lab, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. EM d.t.s.hayman@massey.ac.nz NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 2 IS 1 AR e1500831 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1500831 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN3OU UT WOS:000376972900005 PM 27152322 ER PT J AU Harris, TD Smith, VH Graham, JL Van de Waal, DB Tedesco, LP Clercin, N AF Harris, Ted D. Smith, Val H. Graham, Jennifer L. Van de Waal, Dedmer B. Tedesco, Lenore P. Clercin, Nicolas TI Combined effects of nitrogen to phosphorus and nitrate to ammonia ratios on cyanobacterial metabolite concentrations in eutrophic Midwestern USA reservoirs SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE 2-methylisoborneol (MIB); geosmin; microcystin; NO3:NH3 ratio; TN:TP ratio ID MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; FIXING CYANOBACTERIA; GEOSMIN PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; ALGAL BLOOMS; PHYTOPLANKTON; LAKES; GROWTH AB Recent studies have shown that the total nitrogen to total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratio and nitrogen oxidation state may have substantial effects on secondary metabolite (e.g., microcystins) production in cyanobacteria. We investigated the relationship between the water column TN:TP ratio and the cyanobacterial secondary metabolites geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), and microcystin using multiple years of data from 4 reservoirs located in the Midwestern United States. We also examined the relationship between water column concentrations of chemically oxidized (NO3) and reduced (NH3) nitrogen, the NO3:NH3 ratio, cyanobacterial biovolume, and associated secondary metabolites. We found that the cyanobacterial secondary metabolites geosmin, MIB, and microcystin primarily occurred when the TN:TP ratio was < 30:1 (by mass), likely due to higher cyanobacterial biovolumes at lower TN:TP ratios. We also found that relative cyanobacterial biovolume was inversely related to the NO3:NH3 ratio. Both N-2- and non-N-2-fixing cyanobacteria seemed to produce secondary metabolites and had higher concentrations per unit biovolume when NO3:NH3 ratios were relatively low. Our data thus are consistent with the hypothesis that lower TN:TP ratios favor cyanobacterial dominance and also suggest that relatively low NO3:NH3 ratios provide conditions that may favor the production of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites. Our data further suggest that increases in the absolute concentrations of TP or NH3 (or both), causing decreases in TN:TP and NO3:NH3 ratios, respectively, may stimulate cyanobacteria having the metabolic ability to produce geosmin, MIB, or microcystins. Future studies should address how the NO3:NH3 ratio affects phytoplankton community structure and occurrence and production of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites. C1 [Harris, Ted D.; Smith, Val H.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Harris, Ted D.; Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [Van de Waal, Dedmer B.] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Tedesco, Lenore P.] Wetlands Inst, Stone Harbor, NJ USA. [Clercin, Nicolas] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Ctr Earth & Environm Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Harris, TD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.; Harris, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. EM T992H557@ku.edu RI Van de Waal, Dedmer/B-8002-2012 OI Van de Waal, Dedmer/0000-0001-8803-1247 FU US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program; City of Wichita, Veolia Water Indianapolis; University of Kansas Self Graduate Fellowship FX We thank the US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program, the City of Wichita, Veolia Water Indianapolis, and the University of Kansas Self Graduate Fellowship for providing funding for this research. We also thank Trudy Bennett, Keith Loftin and the Analytical Organic Lab, and other US Geological Survey Kansas Water Science Center staff for sample collection; Michael Stouder, Robert E. Hall, and the interns at the Center for Earth and Environmental Science at IUPUI for field and laboratory assistance; Mark Gray for laboratory analyses of MIB, geosmin, and microcystin for the Indianapolis reservoirs dataset; Arin Peters, Drew Robinson, and Patrick Eslick of the US Geological Survey for graphical advice; several anonymous reviewers and Reed Green (USGS) for comments that improved the manuscript; and Hans Paerl for helping us formulate the cyanobacterial N2-fixation capability table. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 15 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 EI 2044-205X J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.5268/IW-6.2.938 PG 12 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DM6TX UT WOS:000376486500010 ER PT J AU Jones, JR Obrecht, DV Graham, JL Balmer, MB Filstrup, CT Downing, JA AF Jones, John R. Obrecht, Daniel V. Graham, Jennifer L. Balmer, Michelle B. Filstrup, Christopher T. Downing, John A. TI Seasonal patterns in carbon dioxide in 15 mid-continent (USA) reservoirs SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric flux; carbon cycling; carbon dioxide; reservoirs ID MISSOURI RESERVOIRS; TEMPERATE LAKES; SURFACE-WATER; CO2; SUPERSATURATION; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; SUMMER; FLUX AB Evidence suggests that lakes are important sites for atmospheric CO2 exchange and so play a substantial role in the global carbon budget. Previous research has 2 weaknesses: (1) most data have been collected only during the open-water or summer seasons, and (2) data are concentrated principally on natural lakes in northern latitudes. Here, we report on the full annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 exchanges of 15 oligotrophic to eutrophic reservoirs in the Glacial Till Plains of the United States. With one exception, these reservoirs showed an overall loss of CO2 during the year, with most values within the lower range reported for temperate lakes. There was a strong cross-system seasonal pattern: an average of 70% of total annual CO2 efflux occurred by the end of spring mixis; some 20% of annual flux was reabsorbed during summer stratification; and the remaining 50% of efflux was lost during autumnal mixing. Net annual flux was negatively correlated with depth and positively correlated with both water residence time and DOC, with the smallest annual CO2 efflux measured in shallow fertile impoundments. Strong correlations yield relationships allowing regional up-scaling of CO2 evasion. Understanding lacustrine CO2 uptake and evasion requires seasonal analyses across the full range of lake trophic states and morphometric attributes. C1 [Jones, John R.; Obrecht, Daniel V.; Graham, Jennifer L.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [Balmer, Michelle B.; Filstrup, Christopher T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Downing, John A.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Sea Grant & Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Jones, JR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA. EM jonesj@missouri.edu FU Missouri Department of Natural Resources; Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station; Food & Agriculture Policy Research Institute FX This paper is dedicated to our friend Val Smith in recognition of his many contributions to limnology. Data were acquired with the support of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station and Food & Agriculture Policy Research Institute, and others. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 EI 2044-205X J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.5268/IW-6.2.982 PG 5 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DM6TX UT WOS:000376486500016 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Hamlet, AF Grossman, EE AF Lee, Se-Yeun Hamlet, Alan F. Grossman, Eric E. TI Impacts of Climate Change on Regulated Streamflow, Hydrologic Extremes, Hydropower Production, and Sediment Discharge in the Skagit River Basin SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Skagit River hydrology; reservoir operations; flooding; low flows; hydropower; sediment load ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHANGE SCENARIOS; WATER; MODEL; STATISTICS; WASHINGTON AB Previous studies have shown that the impacts of climate change on the hydrologic response of the Skagit River are likely to be substantial under natural (i.e. unregulated) conditions. To assess the combined effects of changing natural flow and dam operations that determine impacts to regulated flow, a new integrated daily-time-step reservoir operations model was constructed for the Skagit River Basin. The model was used to simulate current reservoir operating policies for historical flow conditions and for projected flows for the 2040s (2030-2059) and 2080s (2070-2099). The results show that climate change is likely to cause substantial seasonal changes in both natural and regulated flow, with more flow in the winter and spring, and less in summer. Hydropower generation in the basin follows these trends, increasing (+ 19%) in the winter/spring, and decreasing (-29%) in the summer by the 2080s. The regulated 100-year flood is projected to increase by 23% by the 2040s and 49% by the 2080s. Peak winter sediment loading in December is projected to increase by 335% by the 2080s in response to increasing winter flows, and average annual sediment loading increases from 2.3 to 5.8 teragrams (+ 149%) per year by the 2080s. Regulated extreme low flows (7Q10) are projected to decrease by about 30% by the 2080s, but remain well above natural low flows. Both current and proposed alternative flood control operations are shown to be largely ineffective in mitigating increasing flood risks in the lower Skagit due to the distribution of flow in the basin during floods. C1 [Lee, Se-Yeun] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Climate Impacts Grp, Box 355674, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 FitzPatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hamlet, AF (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 FitzPatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hamlet.1@nd.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 90 IS 1 BP 23 EP 43 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM8NN UT WOS:000376621300003 ER PT J AU Hamman, JJ Hamlet, AF Lee, SY Fuller, R Grossman, EE AF Hamman, Joseph J. Hamlet, Alan F. Lee, Se-Yeun Fuller, Roger Grossman, Eric E. TI Combined Effects of Projected Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge, and Peak River Flows on Water Levels in the Skagit Floodplain SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Skagit River hydrology; sea level rise; storm surge; flooding; coastal inundation; floodplain impacts ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; HYDROLOGY; EXTREMES AB Current understanding of the combined effects of sea level rise (SLR), storm surge, and changes in river flooding on near-coastal environments is very limited. This project uses a suite of numerical models to examine the combined effects of projected future climate change on flooding in the Skagit floodplain and estuary. Statistically and dynamically down-scaled global climate model scenarios from the ECHAM-5 GCM were used as the climate forcings. Unregulated daily river flows were simulated using the VIC hydrology model, and regulated river flows were simulated using the SkagitSim reservoir operations model. Daily tidal anomalies (TA) were calculated using a regression approach based on ENSO and atmospheric pressure forcing simulated by the WRF regional climate model. A 2-D hydrodynamic model was used to estimate water surface elevations in the Skagit floodplain using resampled hourly hydrographs keyed to regulated daily flood flows produced by the reservoir simulation model, and tide predictions adjusted for SLR and TA. Combining peak annual TA with projected sea level rise, the historical (1970-1999) 100-yr peak high water level is exceeded essentially every year by the 2050s. The combination of projected sea level rise and larger floods by the 2080s yields both increased flood inundation area (+ 74%), and increased average water depth (+ 25 cm) in the Skagit floodplain during a 100-year flood. Adding sea level rise to the historical FEMA 100-year flood resulted in a 35% increase in inundation area by the 2040's, compared to a 57% increase when both SLR and projected changes in river flow were combined. C1 [Hamman, Joseph J.] Univ Washington, Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 FitzPatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Lee, Se-Yeun] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fuller, Roger] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hamlet, AF (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 FitzPatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hamlet.1@nd.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [00J30401-0] FX This study has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreement 00J30401-0 to The Nature Conservancy. Thanks to Ted Perkins at FEMA for assistance obtaining and running the hydrodynamic model for the Skagit. Thanks also to FLO-2D Software, Inc. who provided free access to the FLO-2D hydrodynamic modeling software. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 90 IS 1 BP 57 EP 78 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM8NN UT WOS:000376621300005 ER PT J AU Hood, WG Grossman, EE Veldhuisen, C AF Hood, W. Gregory Grossman, Eric E. Veldhuisen, Curt TI Assessing Tidal Marsh Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise in the Skagit Delta SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Marsh Erosion; Estuarine Sediment Routing ID RIVER DELTA; MACROALGAL BLOOMS; SALT MARSHES; SEDIMENT; WASHINGTON; VEGETATION; FLATS; PATTERNS; COLLAPSE; CHANNELS AB Historical aerial photographs, from 1937 to the present, show Skagit Delta tidal marshes prograding into Skagit Bay for most of the record, but the progradation rates have been steadily declining and the marshes have begun to erode in recent decades despite the large suspended sediment load provided by the Skagit River. In an area of the delta isolated from direct riverine sediment supply by anthropogenic blockage of historical distributaries, 0.5-m tall marsh cliffs along with concave marsh profiles indicate wave erosion is contributing to marsh retreat. This is further supported by a "natural experiment" provided by rocky outcrops that shelter high marsh in their lee, while being bounded by 0.5-m lower eroded marsh to windward and on either side. Coastal wetlands with high sediment supply are thought to be resilient to sea level rise, but the case of the Skagit Delta shows this is not necessarily true. A combination of sea level rise and wave-generated erosion may overwhelm sediment supply. Additionally, anthropogenic obstruction of historical distributaries and levee construction along the remaining distributaries likely increase the jet momentum of river discharge, forcing much suspended sediment to bypass the tidal marshes and be exported from Skagit Bay. Adaptive response to the threat of climate change related sea level rise and increased wave frequency or intensity should consider the efficacy of restoring historical distributaries and managed retreat of constrictive river levees to maximize sediment delivery to delta marshes. C1 [Hood, W. Gregory] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, POB 368, Laconner, WA 98257 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Veldhuisen, Curt] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, POB 368, Laconner, WA 98257 USA. RP Hood, WG (reprint author), Skagit River Syst Cooperat, POB 368, Laconner, WA 98257 USA. EM ghood@skagitcoop.org FU Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant [RD-83301401]; Office of Naval Research (Tidal Flat Dynamics Departmental Research Initiative) [N00014-08-1-1008]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound Project FX Research supported by Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant # RD-83301401 and by the Office of Naval Research (Tidal Flat Dynamics Departmental Research Initiative, Grant # N00014-08-1-1008). We also acknowledge the support from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound Project. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 90 IS 1 BP 79 EP 93 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM8NN UT WOS:000376621300006 ER PT S AU Mueller-Dombois, D Jacobi, JD AF Mueller-Dombois, Dieter Jacobi, James D. BE Box, EO TI Dynamics of the Hawaiian Rainforest at Multiple Scales SO VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AT MULTIPLE SPATIAL, TEMPORAL AND CONCEPTUAL SCALES SE Geobotany Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIEBACK AB This paper is a short version of a recently published book 'Ohi'a Lehua Rainforest, which resulted from studies of vegetation at multiple scales in space and time. The objective of this short version is not only to demonstrate some of these changes in scale, but also to show that different perspectives through scale changes were needed for synthesizing the subject matter into a coherent story. In other words, any vegetation study that aims at comprehensive explanations needs to view the subject matter from several different perspectives or scales. The five decadelong research on native Hawaiian rainforest is such a study. Following the introduction, this study is summarized under five subheadings: - A rainforest born among volcanoes - Turnover by auto-succession - From rainforest to bog and stream formation - Fragmentation into smaller units as islands age - Conclusion: the rainforest on Windward O'ahu C1 [Mueller-Dombois, Dieter] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jacobi, James D.] US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Mueller-Dombois, D (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dieter@hawaii.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2198-2562 BN 978-3-319-21452-8; 978-3-319-21451-1 J9 GEOBOT STUD PY 2016 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21452-8_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-21452-8 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE8IE UT WOS:000376509700009 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Dolan, AM Rowley, D Abe-Ouchi, A Otto-Bliesner, B Chandler, MA Hunter, SJ Lunt, DJ Pound, M Salzmann, U AF Haywood, Alan M. Dowsett, Harry J. Dolan, Aisling M. Rowley, David Abe-Ouchi, Ayako Otto-Bliesner, Bette Chandler, Mark A. Hunter, Stephen J. Lunt, Daniel J. Pound, Matthew Salzmann, Ulrich TI The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Phase 2: scientific objectives and experimental design SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MID-PLIOCENE; WARM PERIOD; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE; PLISMIP AB The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is a co-ordinated international climate modelling initiative to study and understand climate and environments of the Late Pliocene, as well as their potential relevance in the context of future climate change. PlioMIP examines the consistency of model predictions in simulating Pliocene climate and their ability to reproduce climate signals preserved by geological climate archives. Here we provide a description of the aim and objectives of the next phase of the model intercomparison project (PlioMIP Phase 2), and we present the experimental design and boundary conditions that will be utilized for climate model experiments in Phase 2. Following on from PlioMIP Phase 1, Phase 2 will continue to be a mechanism for sampling structural uncertainty within climate models. However, Phase 1 demonstrated the requirement to better understand boundary condition uncertainties as well as uncertainty in the methodologies used for data-model comparison. Therefore, our strategy for Phase 2 is to utilize state-of-the-art boundary conditions that have emerged over the last 5 years. These include a new palaeogeographic reconstruction, detailing ocean bathymetry and land-ice surface topography. The ice surface topography is built upon the lessons learned from offline ice sheet modelling studies. Land surface cover has been enhanced by recent additions of Pliocene soils and lakes. Atmospheric reconstructions of palaeo-CO2 are emerging on orbital timescales, and these are also incorporated into PlioMIP Phase 2. New records of surface and sea surface temperature change are being produced that will be more temporally consistent with the boundary conditions and forcings used within models. Finally we have designed a suite of prioritized experiments that tackle issues surrounding the basic understanding of the Pliocene and its relevance in the context of future climate change in a discrete way. C1 [Haywood, Alan M.; Dolan, Aisling M.; Hunter, Stephen J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rowley, David] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Abe-Ouchi, Ayako] Univ Tokyo, CCSR, Tokyo, Japan. [Otto-Bliesner, Bette] CGD NCAR, CCR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chandler, Mark A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Pound, Matthew; Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Dept Geog, Ellison Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Dolan, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.m.dolan@leeds.ac.uk OI Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Pound, Matthew/0000-0001-8029-9548; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Rowley, David/0000-0001-9767-9029; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU European Research Council under the European Union [278636]; EPSRC-supported Past Earth Network; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I016287/1, NE/G009112/1, NE/H006273/1]; US National Science Foundation; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA) [NNX14AB99A]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX A. M. Haywood, A. M. Dolan and S. J. Hunter acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636, as well as the EPSRC-supported Past Earth Network. U. Salzmann, A. M. Haywood and M. J. Pound acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/I016287/1). A. M. Haywood and D. J. Lunt acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/G009112/1). D. J. Lunt acknowledges NERC grant NE/H006273/1. H. J. Dowsett recognizes the continued support of the United States Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. B. L. Otto-Bliesner recognizes the continued support of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. M. A. Chandler is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA Grant NNX14AB99A) and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 663 EP 675 DI 10.5194/cp-12-663-2016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM0YP UT WOS:000376072300005 ER PT J AU Eaves, SR Mackintosh, AN Anderson, BM Doughty, AM Townsend, DB Conway, CE Winckler, G Schaefer, JM Leonard, GS Calvert, AT AF Eaves, Shaun R. Mackintosh, Andrew N. Anderson, Brian M. Doughty, Alice M. Townsend, Dougal B. Conway, Chris E. Winckler, Gisela Schaefer, Joerg M. Leonard, Graham S. Calvert, Andrew T. TI The Last Glacial Maximum in the central North Island, New Zealand: palaeoclimate inferences from glacier modelling SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID TONGARIRO-VOLCANIC-CENTER; NZ-INTIMATE PROJECT; SOUTHERN ALPS; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; MT-RUAPEHU; TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTIONS; ENERGY-BALANCE; TARARUA RANGE; PARK VALLEY; ICE AB Quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions provide data for evaluating the mechanisms of past, natural climate variability. Geometries of former mountain glaciers, constrained by moraine mapping, afford the opportunity to reconstruct palaeoclimate, due to the close relationship between ice extent and local climate. In this study, we present results from a series of experiments using a 2-D coupled energy balance ice flow model that investigate the palaeoclimate significance of Last Glacial Maximum moraines within nine catchments in the central North Island, New Zealand. We find that the former ice limits can be simulated when present-day temperatures are reduced by between 4 and 7 degrees C, if precipitation remains unchanged from present. The spread in the results between the nine catchments is likely to represent the combination of chronological and model uncertainties The majority of catchments targeted require temperature decreases of 5.1 to 6.3 degrees C to simulate the former glaciers, which represents our best estimate of the temperature anomaly in the central North Island, New Zealand, during the Last Glacial Maximum. A decrease in precipitation of up to 25 % from present, as suggested by proxy evidence and climate models, increases the magnitude of the required temperature changes by up to 0.8 degrees C. Glacier model experiments using reconstructed topographies that exclude the volume of post-glacial (< 15 ka) volcanism generally increased the magnitude of cooling required to simulate the former ice limits by up to 0.5 degrees C. Our palaeo-temperature estimates expand the spatial coverage of proxy-based quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions in New Zealand. Our results are also consistent with independent, proximal temperature reconstructions from fossil groundwater and pollen assemblages, as well as similar glacier modelling reconstructions from the central Southern Alps, which suggest air temperatures were ca. 6 degrees C lower than present across New Zealand during the Last Glacial Maximum. C1 [Eaves, Shaun R.; Mackintosh, Andrew N.; Anderson, Brian M.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Eaves, Shaun R.; Mackintosh, Andrew N.; Conway, Chris E.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Doughty, Alice M.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Townsend, Dougal B.; Leonard, Graham S.] GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr,POB 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Winckler, Gisela; Schaefer, Joerg M.] Columbia Univ New York, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Eaves, SR (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.; Eaves, SR (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM shaun.eaves@vuw.ac.nz RI Leonard, Graham/B-5617-2012 OI Leonard, Graham/0000-0002-4859-0180 FU Victoria University; VUW Faculty Strategic Research Grant; Antarctic Research Centre Endowed Development Fund FX S. R. Eaves was supported by the Victoria University Doctoral Scholarship, a VUW Faculty Strategic Research Grant, and the Antarctic Research Centre Endowed Development Fund. NR 100 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 4 BP 943 EP 960 DI 10.5194/cp-12-943-2016 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM0YX UT WOS:000376073100009 ER PT J AU Iacovino, K Oppenheimer, C Scaillet, B Kyle, P AF Iacovino, Kayla Oppenheimer, Clive Scaillet, Bruno Kyle, Philip TI Storage and Evolution of Mafic and Intermediate Alkaline Magmas beneath Ross Island, Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaline volcanism; basanite; CO2; phase equilibria; phonotephrite; Ross Island ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIUM CONSTRAINTS; EREBUS VOLCANO; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; MELT INCLUSIONS; MANTLE; WATER; SOLUBILITY; LIQUIDS AB We present the results of phase equilibrium experiments carried out on basanite and phonotephrite lavas from Ross Island, Antarctica. Experiments were designed to reproduce the P-T-X-fO(2) conditions of deep and intermediate magma storage and to place constraints on the differentiation of each of the two predominant lava suites on the island, which are thought to be derived from a common parent melt. The Erebus Lineage (EL) consists of lava erupted from the Erebus summit and the Dry Valley Drilling Project (DVDP) lineage is represented by lavas sampled by drill core on Hut Point Peninsula. Experiments were performed in internally heated pressure vessels over a range of temperatures (1000-1150A degrees C) and pressures (200-400 MPa), under oxidized conditions (NNO to NNO + 3, where NNO is the nickel-nickel oxide buffer), with X-H2O of the H2O-CO2 mixture added to the experimental capsule varying between zero and unity. The overall mineralogy and mineral compositions of the natural lavas were reproduced, suggesting oxidizing conditions for the deep magma plumbing system, in marked contrast to the reducing conditions (QFM to QFM - 1, where QFM is the quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer) in the Erebus lava lake. In basanite, crystallization of spinel is followed by olivine and clinopyroxene; olivine is replaced by kaersutitic amphibole below similar to 1050A degrees C at intermediate water contents. In phonotephrite, the liquidus phase is kaersutite except in runs with low water content (XH2Ofluid < 0 center dot 2) where it is replaced by clinopyroxene. Experimental kaersutite compositions suggest that the amphibole-bearing DVDP lavas differentiated below 1050A degrees C at 200-400 MPa and NNO + 1 center dot 5 to NNO + 2. Olivine- and clinopyroxene-bearing EL lavas are consistent with experiments performed above 1050A degrees C and pressures around 200 MPa. The plagioclase liquidus at < 1-2 wt % H2O suggests extremely dry conditions for both lineages (XH2Ofluid approaching zero for EL, similar to 0 center dot 25 for DVDP), probably facilitated by dehydration induced by a CO2-rich fluid phase. Our results agree with previous studies that suggest a single plumbing system beneath Ross Island in which DVDP lavas (and probably other peripheral volcanic products) were erupted through radial fractures associated with the ascent of parental magma into the lower crust. The longer travel time of the DVDP lavas through the crust owing to lateral movement along fractures and the lack of a direct, sustained connection to the continuous CO2-rich gas flux that characterizes the main central Erebus conduit is probably responsible for the lower temperatures and slightly wetter conditions and hence the change in mineralogy observed. C1 [Iacovino, Kayla; Oppenheimer, Clive] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Downing Pl, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Scaillet, Bruno] Univ Orleans, Inst Sci Terre Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Kyle, Philip] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Iacovino, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kiacovino@usgs.gov RI Scaillet, Bruno/A-5846-2012 FU Environmental Research Council project 'DEMONS'; Labex Voltaire [ANR-10-LABX-100-10]; University of Cambridge Department of Geography FX Fieldwork in Antarctica was supported by the Office of Polar Programs (National Science Foundation) (ANT1142083). Experimental research was supported by the Environmental Research Council project 'DEMONS'; Labex Voltaire (ANR-10-LABX-100-10); and by the University of Cambridge Department of Geography Phillip Lake and William Vaughn Lewis grants. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 BP 93 EP 117 DI 10.1093/petrology/egv083 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DJ9ZR UT WOS:000374572600005 ER PT J AU Scheibel, NC Dembkowski, DJ Davis, JL Chipps, SR AF Scheibel, Natalie C. Dembkowski, Daniel J. Davis, Jacob L. Chipps, Steven R. TI Impacts of Northern Pike on Stocked Rainbow Trout in Pactola Reservoir, South Dakota SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ESOX-LUCIUS; FISH COMMUNITY; 3 ESOCIDS; LAKE; GROWTH; PREDATION; PREY; CONSUMPTION; SALMONIDS; BEHAVIOR AB Establishment of nonnative Northern Pike Esox lucius in Pactola Reservoir, South Dakota, has prompted concern among biologists about the influence of this species on the lake's intensively managed salmonid fisheries. Ancedotal information suggests that catch rates of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have declined while mean size and abundance of Northern Pike has increased, although quantitative information on diet and growth of the Northern Pike population is lacking. To address potential interactions between Northern Pike and Rainbow Trout, we assessed size-dependent predation by Northern Pike on Rainbow Trout and determined the relative energetic contribution of stocked Rainbow Trout to Northern Pike growth using bioenergetics modeling. Stable isotopes combined with traditional diet analyses revealed that smaller Northern Pike (<600 mm TL) consumed primarily centrarchids and Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax, and Rainbow Trout contributed less than 10% to their annual energy consumption. In contrast, larger Northern Pike (>= 600 mm TL) consumed primarily Rainbow Trout, which accounted for 56% of their annual energy consumption. Combining estimates of Northern Pike predation with production costs of catchable-size Rainbow Trout revealed that annual economic losses ranged from US$15,259 to $24,801 per year. Over its lifespan, an age-10 Northern Pike was estimated to consume similar to 117 Rainbow Trout worth approximately $340. Thus, Northern Pike predation substantially influences salmonid management initiatives and is likely a primary factor contributing to reduced Rainbow Trout abundance and return to anglers in Pactola Reservoir. Strategies for reducing Northern Pike predation on Rainbow Trout include increasing the size of stocked fish or altering the timing and spatial distribution of stocking events. C1 [Scheibel, Natalie C.; Dembkowski, Daniel J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, 100 Adm Lane, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Davis, Jacob L.] South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Parks, 4130 Adventure Trail, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Nat Resource Management, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 100 Adm Lane, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Scheibel, Natalie C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midcolumbia Fisheries Resource Off, Winthrop Field Stn, 453D Twin Lakes Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Dembkowski, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin Stevens Point, Fish Propagat Sci Ctr, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Scheibel, NC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, 100 Adm Lane, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Scheibel, NC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midcolumbia Fisheries Resource Off, Winthrop Field Stn, 453D Twin Lakes Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. EM natalie_scheibel@fws.gov FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; South Dakota State University; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks FX Special thanks to the South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks personnel who supplied logistical support and valuable assistance; special thanks also to Gene Galinat, Greg Simpson, Michelle Bucholz, and Dylan Jones. We thank Zachary Jessee, Anna Robinson, Bailey Ketelsen, and Bill Brasky for their assistance in the field and laboratory. Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Project F-15-R, Study 1525, administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, and South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 230 EP 240 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1116472 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ9WW UT WOS:000374565000002 ER PT J AU Lenker, MA Weidel, BC Jensen, OP Solomon, CT AF Lenker, Melissa A. Weidel, Brian C. Jensen, Olaf P. Solomon, Christopher T. TI Developing Recreational Harvest Regulations for an Unexploited Lake Trout Population SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; CHINOOK SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; FISHERIES; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; ONTARIO; MODEL; FISH AB Developing fishing regulations for previously unexploited populations presents numerous challenges, many of which stem from a scarcity of baseline information about abundance, population productivity, and expected angling pressure. We used simulation models to test the effect of six management strategies (catch and release; trophy, minimum, and maximum length limits; and protected and exploited slot length limits) on an unexploited population of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Follensby Pond, a 393-ha lake located in New York State's Adirondack Park. We combined field and literature data and mark-recapture abundance estimates to parameterize an agestructured population model and used the model to assess the effects of each management strategy on abundance, catch per unit effort (CPUE), and harvest over a range of angler effort (0-2,000 angler-days/year). Lake Trout density (3.5 fish/ha for fish >= age 13, the estimated age at maturity) was similar to densities observed in other unexploited systems, but growth rate was relatively slow. Maximum harvest occurred at levels of effort <= 1,000 angler-days/year in all the scenarios considered. Regulations that permitted harvest of large postmaturation fish, such as New York's standard Lake Trout minimum size limit or a trophy size limit, resulted in low harvest and high angler CPUE. Regulations that permitted harvest of small and sometimes immature fish, such as a protected slot or maximum size limit, allowed high harvest but resulted in low angler CPUE and produced rapid declines in harvest with increases in effort beyond the effort consistent with maximum yield. Management agencies can use these results to match regulations to management goals and to assess the risks of different management options for unexploited Lake Trout populations and other fish species with similar life history traits. C1 [Lenker, Melissa A.; Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, 21 111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Lenker, MA (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, 21 111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM melissa.lenker@mail.mcgill.ca RI Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014 OI Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257 FU Adirondack Chapter of The Nature Conservancy FX We would like to thank Jacob Ziegler, Nicola Craig, Raphaelle Thomas, Curt Karboski, Matt Paufve, and Shannon Boyle for their support in the field. We would also like to thank the Adirondack Chapter of The Nature Conservancy for funding our study and Dirk Bryant, Mary Thill, Michael Carr, Michelle Brown, Rich Preall, Jon Fieroh, Daniel Josephson, and Clifford Kraft for their support and advice. And lastly, we would like to thank and acknowledge Tom Lake for always keeping one eye on the lake and the other on us. The mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 1991 to the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 385 EP 397 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1131780 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ9WW UT WOS:000374565000017 ER PT J AU Carlson, CM Schneider, JR Wiepz, JK Meyerett-Reid, CL Zabel, MD Pedersen, JA Heisey, DM Johnson, CJ AF Carlson, Christina M. Schneider, Jay R. Wiepz, Jamie K. Meyerett-Reid, Crystal L. Zabel, Mark D. Pedersen, Joel A. Heisey, Dennis M. Johnson, Christopher J. TI Phenotypic plasticity of chronic wasting disease prions SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carlson, Christina M.; Schneider, Jay R.; Wiepz, Jamie K.; Heisey, Dennis M.; Johnson, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Meyerett-Reid, Crystal L.; Zabel, Mark D.] Colorado State Univ, Prion Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PY 2016 VL 10 SU 1 MA P-151 BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DK1EW UT WOS:000374656300164 ER PT J AU Tollner, EW Douglas-Mankin, KR AF Tollner, E. W. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. TI INTERNATIONAL WATERSHED TECHNOLOGY: IMPROVING WATER QUALITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Data processing; Modeling; Research; Water quality; Water quantity AB This article introduces a collection of papers from the fourth biennial ASABE 21st Century Watershed Technology Conference and Workshop: Improving Water Quality and the Environment, held in Hamilton, New Zealand, on November 3-6, 2014. This Special Collection consists of three articles selected from the 47 meeting papers. The technical presentations at the conference focused on solving spatial and temporal water quality and quantity problems and addressed topics such as watershed management in developing countries, water quality standards, agricultural best management practice (BMP) effectiveness, emerging problems, impact of extreme weather conditions, biological monitoring, increasing stakeholder involvement, political and economic implications, watershed implementation planning, forest and rangeland water quality issues, and water resources education. At first glance, these topics seem quite diverse. A more detailed look suggested that the "big data" and data mining themes of the last conference in Bari, Italy, continued to develop. C1 [Tollner, E. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Everglades Program Team, Boynton Beach, FL USA. RP Tollner, EW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, 117 Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM btollner@engr.uga.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2016 VL 59 IS 2 BP 535 EP 536 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DK2OU UT WOS:000374755100014 ER PT J AU Luehmann, MD Peter, BG Connallon, CB Schaetzl, RJ Smidt, SJ Liu, W Kincare, KA Walkowiak, TA Thorlund, E Holler, MS AF Luehmann, Michael D. Peter, Brad G. Connallon, Christopher B. Schaetzl, Randall J. Smidt, Samuel J. Liu, Wei Kincare, Kevin A. Walkowiak, Toni A. Thorlund, Elin Holler, Marie S. TI Loamy, Two-Storied Soils on the Outwash Plains of Southwestern Lower Michigan: Pedoturbation of Loess with the Underlying Sand SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE eolian systems; loess; outwash plains; pedoturbation; spatial analysis ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; SOUTH-CENTRAL MICHIGAN; GRAYLING-FINGERS REGION; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; PARENT MATERIALS; LITHOLOGIC DISCONTINUITIES; TRANSPORT DIRECTION; CENTRAL-EUROPE; CRITICAL ZONE; SAGINAW LOBE AB Soils on many of the outwash plains in southwestern Michigan have loamy upper profiles, despite being underlain by sand-textured outwash. The origin of this upper, loamy material has long been unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatio-textural characteristics of these loamy-textured sediments to ascertain their origin(s). The textural curves of this material have distinct bimodality, with clear silt and sand peaks. Because the sand peaks align with those in the outwash below, we conclude that the upper material is a mixture of an initially silty material with the sand from below, forming loamy textures. By applying a textural filtering operation to the data, we determined its original characteristics; nearly all of the soils originally had silt loam upper profiles, typical for loess. Field data showed that the loamy material is thickest east of a broad, north-south trending valley (the Niles-Thornapple Spillway) that once carried glacial meltwater. The material becomes thinner, generally better sorted, and finer in texture eastward, away from this channel. We conclude that the loamy mantle on many of the adjacent outwash plains is silt-rich loess, derived from the Niles-Thornapple Spillway and its tributary channels and transported on mainly westerly winds. The spillway was active between ca. 17.3 and 16.8 k cal. years ago. At this time, a large network of tunnel channels existed beneath the stagnant Saginaw lobe ice. Meltwater from the lobe funneled silt-rich sediment into the spillway, rendering it a prodigious silt source. C1 [Luehmann, Michael D.] Atwell LLC, Southfield, MI 48076 USA. [Peter, Brad G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Connallon, Christopher B.; Schaetzl, Randall J.; Smidt, Samuel J.; Liu, Wei; Walkowiak, Toni A.; Thorlund, Elin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kincare, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Manistee, MI 49660 USA. [Holler, Marie S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Urban Planning, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Luehmann, MD (reprint author), Atwell LLC, Southfield, MI 48076 USA.; Peter, BG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.; Connallon, CB; Schaetzl, RJ; Smidt, SJ; Liu, W; Walkowiak, TA; Thorlund, E (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.; Kincare, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Manistee, MI 49660 USA.; Holler, MS (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Urban Planning, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM mluehman@gmail.com; brad.peter@utexas.edu; connallon@gmail.com; soils@msu.edu; smidtsam@msu.edu; liuwei11@msu.edu; kkincare@usgs.gov; walkow14@msu.edu; elin.thorlund@gmail.com; mariesuzanneholler@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation (NSF), GSS Program [BCS-0850593] FX Alex Shackleton's work was supported by grant BCS-0850593 made to Randall Schaetzl by the National Science Foundation (NSF), GSS Program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are, however, those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 2469-4452 EI 2469-4460 J9 ANN AM ASSOC GEOGR JI Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr. PY 2016 VL 106 IS 3 BP 551 EP 571 DI 10.1080/00045608.2015.1115388 PG 21 WC Geography SC Geography GA DK9NC UT WOS:000375256200008 ER PT J AU Barreto, A Cuevas, E Granados-Munoz, MJ Alados-Arboledas, L Romero, PM Grobner, J Kouremeti, N Almansa, AF Stone, T Toledano, C Roman, R Sorokin, M Holben, B Canini, M Yela, M AF Barreto, Africa Cuevas, Emilio Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose Alados-Arboledas, Lucas Romero, Pedro M. Groebner, Julian Kouremeti, Natalia Almansa, Antonio F. Stone, Tom Toledano, Carlos Roman, Roberto Sorokin, Mikhail Holben, Brent Canini, Marius Yela, Margarita TI The new sun-sky-lunar Cimel CE318-T multiband photometer - a comprehensive performance evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; VAPOR COLUMN ABUNDANCE; WATER-VAPOR; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; STAR-PHOTOMETRY; SAHARAN DUST; RAMAN LIDAR; DESERT DUST; AERONET AB This paper presents the new photometer CE318-T, able to perform daytime and night-time photometric measurements using the sun and the moon as light source. Therefore, this new device permits a complete cycle of diurnal aerosol and water vapour measurements valuable to enhance atmospheric monitoring to be extracted. In this study we have found significantly higher precision of triplets when comparing the CE318-T master instrument and the Cimel AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) master (CE318-AERONET) triplets as a result of the new CE318-T tracking system. Regarding the instrument calibration, two new methodologies to transfer the calibration from a reference instrument using only daytime measurements (Sun Ratio and Sun-Moon gain factor techniques) are presented and discussed. These methods allow the reduction of the previous complexities inherent to nocturnal calibration. A quantitative estimation of CE318-T AOD uncertainty by means of error propagation theory during daytime revealed AOD uncertainties (u(AOD)(D)) for Langley-calibrated instruments similar to the expected values for other reference instruments (0.002-0.009). We have also found u(AOD)(D) values similar to the values reported in sun photometry for field instruments (similar to 0.015). In the case of the night-time period, the CE318-T-estimated standard combined uncertainty (u(AOD)(N)) is dependent not only on the calibration technique but also on illumination conditions and the instrumental noise. These values range from 0.011-0.018 for Lunar Langley-calibrated instruments to 0.012-0.021 for instruments calibrated using the Sun Ratio technique. In the case of moon-calibrated instruments using the Sun-Moon gain factor method and suncalibrated using the Langley technique, we found u(AOD)(N) ranging from 0.016 to 0.017 (up to 0.019 in 440 nm channel), not dependent on any lunar irradiance model. A subsequent performance evaluation including CE318-T and collocated measurements from independent reference instruments has served to assess the CE318-T performance as well as to confirm its estimated uncertainty. Daytime AOD evaluation, performed at Izana station from March to June 2014, encompassed measurements from a reference CE318-T, a CE318-AERONET master instrument, a Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR) and a Precision Spectroradiometer (PSR) prototype, reporting low AOD discrepancies between the four instruments (up to 0.006). The nocturnal AOD evaluation was performed using CE318-T- and starphotometer-collocated measurements and also by means of a day/night coherence transition test using the CE318-T master instrument and the CE318 daytime data from the CE318-AERONET master instrument. Results showed low discrepancies with the star photometer at 870 and 500 nm channels (<= 0.013) and differences with AERONET daytime data (1 h after and before sunset and sunrise) in agreement with the estimated u(AOD)(N) values at all illumination conditions in the case of channels within the visible spectral range, and only for high moon's illumination conditions in the case of near-infrared channels. Precipitable water vapour (PWV) validation showed a good agreement between CE318-T and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) PWV values for all illumination conditions, within the expected precision for sun photometry. Finally, two case studies have been included to highlight the ability of the new CE318-T to capture the diurnal cycle of aerosols and water vapour as well as short-term atmospheric variations, critical for climate studies. C1 [Barreto, Africa; Cuevas, Emilio; Romero, Pedro M.; Almansa, Antonio F.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain. [Barreto, Africa; Almansa, Antonio F.; Canini, Marius] Cimel Elect, Paris, France. [Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, Granada, Spain. [Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, IISTA CEAMA, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res, Junta Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Groebner, Julian; Kouremeti, Natalia] PMOD WRC, Davos, Switzerland. [Stone, Tom] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Toledano, Carlos; Roman, Roberto] Univ Valladolid, Grp Opt Atmosfer, Valladolid, Spain. [Sorokin, Mikhail; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Yela, Margarita] Natl Inst Aerosp Technol INTA, Instrumentat & Atmospher Res Dept, Madrid, Spain. RP Barreto, A (reprint author), Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain.; Barreto, A (reprint author), Cimel Elect, Paris, France. EM cimel1@aemet.es RI Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/P-5630-2014; Yela, Margarita/J-7346-2016 OI Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Yela, Margarita/0000-0003-3775-3156 FU European Community [262254]; Andalusia regional government [P12-RNM-2409, P10-RNM-6299]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2013-45410-R]; EU through ACTRIS project [EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254] FX This work has been developed within the framework of the activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations (CIMO) Izana Testbed for Aerosols and Water Vapor Remote Sensing Instruments. The Granada GNSS station belongs to the Instituto Andaluz de Geofisica. The AERONET sun photometers at Izana have been calibrated within the AERONET-Europe TNA, supported by the European Community-Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 ACTRIS grant agreement no. 262254. The GAW-PFR network for AOD at WMO-GAW global observatories has been implemented by the World Optical Depth Research and Calibration Center (WORCC). This work has also been supported by the Andalusia regional government through projects P12-RNM-2409 and P10-RNM-6299, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through project CGL2013-45410-R; and finally by the EU through ACTRIS project (EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254). The authors wish to thank to Angel Gomez Pelaez and Alberto Redondas for assisting the authors with the instrument's uncertainty estimation. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 631 EP 654 DI 10.5194/amt-9-631-2016 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000020 ER PT J AU Donnelly, JP Naugle, DE Hagen, CA Maestas, JD AF Donnelly, J. P. Naugle, D. E. Hagen, C. A. Maestas, J. D. TI Public lands and private waters: scarce mesic resources structure land tenure and sage-grouse distributions SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE California; Centrocercus urophasianus; Great Basin; greater sage-grouse; Landsat; late brood rearing; Nevada; Oregon; point pattern analysis; private land; proximity; remote sensing ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; LEKS IMPLICATIONS; VEGETATION INDEX; POINT PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IRRIGATION; CONSERVATION AB Water scarcity in semiarid environments provides a model system to evaluate the role of mesic resources in structuring the distribution and abundance of wildlife. We used remote sensing and point process analyses to evaluate spatio-temporal variability in limited mesic resources in relation to greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) distributions in Oregon, California, and northwest Nevada, USA, 1984-2011. We then link population distribution to changes in resource availability over time, space, and land tenure. Despite encompassing only 2.4% of landscape area, mesic sites influenced sage-grouse breeding distributions as evidenced by significantly shorter lek to mesic resource distances in observed (5.3 km) vs. predicted (8.2 km) values. Population abundance increased with proximity to mesic sites. Lag effects evident in abundance and proximity trends of mesic resources suggest a level of drought tolerance that moderated climatic variability. Mesic abundance and proximity remained relatively stable during the study period in comparison to more dynamic climatic patterns. Drought effects were most pronounced during multiyear events as evidenced by the 1987-1992 period that decreased mesic abundance >25% and approximately doubled mean lek to mesic resource distances (4.8-8.3 km). In our study area, 75% of all mesic resources were in private ownership, where the predominant land use is livestock ranching. Results suggest a holistic conservation strategy inclusive of private and public lands is needed to ensure sage-grouse habitat requisites are met throughout the life cycle of this landscape species. C1 [Donnelly, J. P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Intermt West Joint Venture, 32 Campus Dr,Forestry Bldg 302, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Naugle, D. E.] Univ Montana, USDA, Sage Grouse Initiat, Wildlife Biol Program,Nat Resources Conservat Ser, 32 Campus Dr,Forestry Bldg 309, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hagen, C. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Maestas, J. D.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 625 SE Salmon Ave,Bldg A, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. RP Donnelly, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Intermt West Joint Venture, 32 Campus Dr,Forestry Bldg 302, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM patrick_donnelly@fws.gov FU Conservation Effects Assessment Project, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Sage Grouse Initiative FX This study was funded by a grant from the Conservation Effects Assessment Project, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Sage Grouse Initiative (http://www.sagegrouseinitiative.com). We thank Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and California Department of Fish and Game who collected and provided lek data for analyses. Tim Griffiths, SGI National Coordinator, Bozeman, Montana, helped to foster and coordinate this science. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 AR e01208 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1208 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4NS UT WOS:000374895800002 ER PT J AU Facka, AN Lewis, JC Happe, P Jenkins, K Callas, R Powell, RA AF Facka, Aaron N. Lewis, Jeffrey C. Happe, Patricia Jenkins, Kurt Callas, Richard Powell, Roger A. TI Timing of translocation influences birth rate and population dynamics in a forest carnivore SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE California; carnivore; delayed implantation; fisher; life history; Olympic Peninsula; Pekania pennanti; population extinction; reintroduction; reproduction; timing; translocation; Washington ID RABBITS BRACHYLAGUS-IDAHOENSIS; FISHERS MARTES-PENNANTI; REINTRODUCTION BIOLOGY; SPECIES CONSERVATION; WILD RABBITS; STRESS; REPRODUCTION; HABITAT; SUCCESS; SURVIVAL AB Timing can be critical for many life history events of organisms. Consequently, the timing of management activities may affect individuals and populations in numerous and unforeseen ways. Translocations of organisms are used to restore or expand populations but the timing of translocations is largely unexplored as a factor influencing population success. We hypothesized that the process of translocation negatively influences reproductive rates of individuals that are moved just before their birthing season and, therefore, the timing of releases could influence translocation success. Prior to reintroducing fishers (Pekania pennanti) into northern California and onto the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, we predicted that female fishers released in November and December (early) would have a higher probability of giving birth to kits the following March or April than females released in January, February, and March (late), just prior to or during the period of blastocyst implantation and gestation. Over four winters (2008-2011), we translocated 56 adult female fishers that could have given birth in the spring immediately after release. Denning rates, an index of birth rate, for females released early were 92% in California and 38% in Washington. In contrast, denning rates for females released late were 40% and 11%, in California and Washington, a net reduction in denning rate of 66% across both sites. To understand how releasing females nearer to parturition could influence population establishment and persistence, we used stochastic population simulations using three-stage Lefkovitch matrices. These simulations showed that translocating female fishers early had long-term positive influences on the mean population size and on quasi-extinction thresholds compared to populations where females were released late. The results from both empirical data and simulations show that the timing of translocation, with respect to life history events, should be considered during planning of translocations and implemented before the capture, movement, and release of organisms for translocation. C1 [Facka, Aaron N.; Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Lewis, Jeffrey C.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Happe, Patricia] Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Jenkins, Kurt] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Callas, Richard] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Facka, AN (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM anfacka@ncsu.edu FU British Columbia Trappers Association; Doris Duke Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society; Washington's National Park Fund; Conservation Northwest; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Makah Tribe FX This research is the result of collaboration between many groups that provided funding, logistic support, and technical assistance. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sierra Pacific Industries, and North Carolina State University are the four key cooperators and are responsible for the reintroduction and the research in California. We acknowledge Deana Clifford for many contributions to the project including feedback on this manuscript and her guidance on health and disease monitoring. We have received, logistical support, trapping support, access to land and other important contributions from the U.S. Forest Service, Timber Products, Fruit Growers Inc., Green Diamond Resource Company, Collins Pine Ltd, the Bureau of Land Management, and Integral Ecology Research Center. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, National Park Service, and U.S. Geological Survey and British Columbia Ministry of Environment were the four key cooperators for the Washington reintroductions. We also received key financial and logistical support from the British Columbia Trappers Association, Doris Duke Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society, Washington's National Park Fund, Conservation Northwest, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Makah Tribe. We are grateful to Laura Finley, Tom Engstrom, Roland Kays, Nick Haddad, and Rob Dunn whose comments improved an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose input improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 AR e01223 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1223 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4NS UT WOS:000374895800003 ER PT J AU McNamara, DE von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C Saurel, JM Huerfano, V Lynch, L AF McNamara, Daniel E. von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa Saurel, Jean-Marie Huerfano, Victor Lynch, Lloyd TI Quantifying 10 Years of Improved Earthquake-Monitoring Performance in the Caribbean Region SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LESSER ANTILLES; PLATE BOUNDARY; TSUNAMI HAZARD; PUERTO-RICO; SUBDUCTION; SEISMICITY; TECTONICS; LANDSLIDES; HISPANIOLA; FREQUENCY AB Over 75 tsunamis have been documented in the Caribbean and adjacent regions during the past 500 years. Since 1500, at least 4484 people are reported to have perished in these killer waves. Hundreds of thousands are currently threatened along the Caribbean coastlines. Were a great tsunamigenic earthquake to occur in the Caribbean region today, the effects would potentially be catastrophic due to an increasingly vulnerable region that has seen significant population increases in the past 40-50 years and currently hosts an estimated 500,000 daily beach visitors from North America and Europe, a majority of whom are not likely aware of tsunami and earthquake hazards. Following the magnitude 9.1 Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Intergovernmental Coordination Group (ICG) for the Tsunami and other Coastal Hazards Early Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (CARIBE-EWS) was established and developed minimum performance standards for the detection and analysis of earthquakes. In this study, we model earthquake-magnitude detection threshold and P-wave detection time and demonstrate that the requirements established by the UNESCO ICG CARIBE-EWS are met with 100% of the network operating. We demonstrate that earthquake-monitoring performance in the Caribbean Sea region has improved significantly in the past decade as the number of real-time seismic stations available to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tsunami warning centers have increased. We also identify weaknesses in the current international network and provide guidance for selecting the optimal distribution of seismic stations contributed from existing real-time broadband national networks in the region. C1 [McNamara, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80423 USA. [von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Natl Weather Serv, Caribbean Tsunami Warning Program, 259 Blvd Alfonso Valdes, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Saurel, Jean-Marie] Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75238 Paris 05, France. [Huerfano, Victor] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Puerto Rico Seism Network, 259 Blvd Alfonso Valdes, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Lynch, Lloyd] Univ W Indies, Seism Res Ctr, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. RP McNamara, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80423 USA. EM mcnamara@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. The authors thank all seismic network contributors in the region, including R. Pujols (Dominican Republic Seismic Network [DRSN]), G. Romero (Fundacion Venezolana de Investigaciones Sismologicas [FUNVISIS]), Alberto Lopez and Elizabeth Vanacore (University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez/Geology Puerto Rico Seismic Network) and all others. Important contributions were made by C. McCreary (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Pacific Tsunami Warning Center); P. Whitmore (NOAA National Tsunami Warning Center); B. Proenza (NOAA U.S. National Weather Service); P. Earle, G. Hayes, H. Benz, R. Buland, L. Gee, J. Weaver (USGS); B. Aliaga, Diana Patricia Mosquera (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization); and Lorna Inniss. The authors thank J. Braunmiller, an anonymous SRL reviewer, D. Wilson, and J. McCarthy for editorial and critical reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1785/0220150095 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700003 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Steim, JM van Zandt, T Hutt, CR Wilson, DC Storm, TL AF Ringler, A. T. Steim, J. M. van Zandt, T. Hutt, C. R. Wilson, D. C. Storm, T. L. TI Potential Improvements in Horizontal Very Broadband Seismic Data in the IRIS/USGS Component of the Global Seismic Network SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEISMOGRAPHIC NETWORK; NOISE; SEISMOMETER; RESTORATION; STATION; DESIGN; EARTH AB The Streckeisen STS-1 has been the primary vault-type seismometer used in the over-150-station Global Seismographic Network (GSN). This sensor has long been known for its outstanding vertical, very long-period (e.g., > 100 s period), and low-noise performance, although the horizontal long-period noise performance is less well known. The STS-1 is a limited, important resource, because it is no longer made or supported by the original manufacturer. We investigate the incoherent noise of horizontal-component sensors, where coherent signals among sensors have been removed, giving an upper bound on the self-noise of both the STS-1 and STS-2 horizontal components. Our findings suggest that a well-installed STS-2 could potentially produce data with similar or better incoherent noise levels to that of a horizontal-component STS-1. Along with our experimental investigation, we compare background noise levels for a calendar year at Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology/U.S. Geological Survey network stations, which comprise approximately two-thirds of the GSN, with collocated STS-1 and STS-2 seismometers. The use of an STS-2-class of sensor (flat to velocity to 120 s period) to acquire low-frequency data in surface-vault installations would allow network operators to focus more attention on improving vertical data. In order to deal with the difference in instrument response shapes between the two instruments, we detail two different time-domain filters that would allow users to convert broadband STS-2 data into very broadband data with a response similar to that of an STS-1 (flat to velocity to 360 s period). We conclude that the complexity of the current primary horizontal vault sensors in the GSN may not be necessary until we are better able to isolate surface horizontal sensors from various noise sources. C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Hutt, C. R.; Wilson, D. C.; Storm, T. L.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Steim, J. M.] Quanterra Inc, 2 Shaker Rd F200, Shirley, MA 01464 USA. [van Zandt, T.] Metrozet LLC, 222 Vista Ave, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM aringler@usgs.gov FU Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and EarthScope (SAGE) Proposal of the National Science Foundation [EAR-1261681] FX We thank Lind S. Gee and Benjamin Marshall for helpful discussions on the utility of data conversion. We thank Peggy Hellweg for providing us a number of references. We thank Carl Ebeling, Daniel McNamara, Zhigang Peng, Janet Slate, and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing this article, which ultimately helped in the presentation. We thank Bob Woodward for encouraging us to consider other approaches to long-period seismology. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a cooperative scientific facility operated jointly by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Science Foundation (NSF), under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. The facilities of IRIS Data Services, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveforms, related metadata, and/or derived products used in this study. IRIS Data Services are funded through the Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and EarthScope (SAGE) Proposal of the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1785/0220150181 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700008 ER PT J AU Wein, A Potter, S Johal, S Doyle, E Becker, J AF Wein, Anne Potter, Sally Johal, Sarb Doyle, Emma Becker, Julia TI Communicating with the Public during an Earthquake Sequence: Improving Communication of Geoscience by Coordinating Roles SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; DISASTER; STYLES; RISK AB After a large earthquake, geoscience agencies deliver information to public audiences about earthquakes that have recently occurred and aftershock forecasts about what might happen. We conducted focus groups and interviews about geoscience communications during the 2010-2012 earthquake sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand. Recorded experiences contain information about the public's appetite for scientific earthquake and aftershock information, psychological and psychosocial states that affect communications, increased demands for geoscientists' time and expertise, and multiple communication roles and responsibilities during the Canterbury earthquake sequence. Results of a preliminary analysis reveal that public consumption of geoscience information changes throughout the sequence and differs with respect to ways of coping. We confirm the need to accompany earthquake information with advice on protective actions, psychosocial support, and self-care strategies but find it necessary to distinguish between crisis and risk communication regarding the balance of these types of information; initially, people are more focused on the crisis than the science. We conclude that when geoscientists are planning and preparing to communicate during an earthquake sequence, they may be able to more effectively utilize their resources if they (1) appreciate the complexity of psychosocial aspects affecting communication of earthquake information and aftershock forecasts and are trained to communicate with compassion and refer to qualified sources, (2) understand diverse and evolving needs within the public for scientific information and prepare ahead for challenges that reduce attention to aftershock forecasts, and (3) understand the benefits of coordinating communication roles and develop relationships with other responding agencies (e.g., health and welfare, emergency management). It appears that clarifying the communication roles and responsibilities of responding agencies and integrating messages into joint statements is where crucial effort is needed. As such, geoscience communications can be improved by coordinating geoscience, emergency management, and mental health messaging ahead of time and practicing these communications during moderate earthquake events, scenario planning, and exercises with earthquake sequences. C1 [Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Pacific Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Potter, Sally; Johal, Sarb; Doyle, Emma; Becker, Julia] GNS Sci, Joint Ctr Disaster Res, 1 Fairway Dr, Avalon, New Zealand. [Potter, Sally; Johal, Sarb; Doyle, Emma; Becker, Julia] Massey Univ, 1 Fairway Dr, Avalon, New Zealand. RP Wein, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM awein@usgs.gov FU New Zealand Government; USGS Land Change Science program; New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology Postdoctoral Fellowship [MAUX0910]; Earthquake Commission (EQC); GNS Science FX We express our gratitude to all study participants for engaging in our research and to Jamie Ratliff and Bianca Jensen for assisting with transcript coding. Kelvin Berryman from GNS Science checked for consistency between his communication experiences and our interpretations of recorded experiences. The manuscript was improved by insightful questions and comments received from Sue Perry and Andy Michael (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]) and two journal reviewers. This research was supported by the New Zealand Government-funded Natural Hazards Research Platform, and the USGS Land Change Science program. E. D. was supported by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology Postdoctoral Fellowship MAUX0910 2010-2014 and funding from the Earthquake Commission (EQC) and GNS Science 2014-2016. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1785/0220150113 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700011 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Page, M AF Hough, Susan E. Page, Morgan TI The Petroleum Geologist and the Insurance Policy SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKES; INJECTION; SEISMICITY; INCREASE AB In a recent study, Hough and Page (2015) presented several lines of evidence suggesting that most of the significant earthquakes in Oklahoma during the twentieth century, including the M-w 5.7 El Reno earthquake of 9 April 1952, were likely induced by wastewater injection and possibly secondary oil recovery operations. We undertook an archival search for accounts of this event, which unearthed a newspaper article published immediately following the El Reno earthquake regarding a prominent petroleum geologist in the area who took out a rare earthquake insurance policy less than 60 days before the earthquake struck. In this study we present a historical context for this intriguing coincidence. We present a retrospective of oil industry practices in the early-to mid-twentieth century, gleaned from court records and other industry reports, that potentially bear on the interplay between oil exploration activities and earthquakes, focusing on the Oklahoma City region. We describe events of the day that could plausibly have alerted a geologist to the possibility of induced earthquakes, although there is no indication that the potential for induced earthquakes was widely recognized within the industry at that time. C1 [Hough, Susan E.; Page, Morgan] US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1785/0220150218 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700019 ER PT J AU West, ME Haeussler, PJ Ruppert, NA Freymueller, JT AF West, Michael E. Haeussler, Peter J. Ruppert, Natalia A. Freymueller, Jeffrey T. TI Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake Matters 50 Years Later SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [West, Michael E.; Ruppert, Natalia A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Earthquake Ctr, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffrey T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffrey T.] Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Alaska Seism Hazards Safety Commiss, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP West, ME; Ruppert, NA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Earthquake Ctr, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Haeussler, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Freymueller, JT (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Freymueller, JT (reprint author), Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Alaska Seism Hazards Safety Commiss, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM mewest@alaska.edu; pheuslr@usgs.gov; natasha@giseis.alaska.edu; jeff.freymueller@gi.alaska.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 DI 10.1785/0220140020 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700026 ER PT J AU Schroeder, SA Fulton, DC DonCarlos, K AF Schroeder, Susan A. Fulton, David C. DonCarlos, Kathy TI Clarifying Beliefs Underlying Hunter Intentions to Support a Ban on Lead Shot SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Attitudes; beliefs; hunting; intentions; lead shot; small game ID REASONED ACTION; NATIONAL-PARK; ATTITUDES AB Shot from hunting adds toxic lead to environments worldwide. Existing lead shot regulations have been instituted with little understanding of hunter beliefs and attitudes. This study applied the Theory of Reasoned Action, using a multilevel, multivariate approach, to clarify how positive and negative beliefs relate to attitudes about a ban on lead shot. Structure coefficients and commonality analysis were employed to further examine relationships between beliefs and attitudes. Results suggest that while both positive and negative outcomes influence attitudes, positive outcomes were more influential for supporters and negative beliefs for opposers. Management may need to focus on the results from hunters who indicated that they would be unlikely to support a ban, as these hunters include those who may actively oppose additional efforts to regulate lead. C1 [Schroeder, Susan A.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [DonCarlos, Kathy] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN USA. RP Schroeder, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sas@umn.edu FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources FX We acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for supporting this study through funding provided to the University of Minnesota. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2016 VL 29 IS 7 BP 852 EP 867 DI 10.1080/08941920.2015.1107792 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA DK5YP UT WOS:000374997500007 ER PT J AU Romeyn, TR Harijanto, W Sandoval, S Delagah, S Sharbatmaleki, M AF Romeyn, Travis R. Harijanto, Wesley Sandoval, Sofia Delagah, Saied Sharbatmaleki, Mohamadali TI Contaminants of emerging concern in reverse osmosis brine concentrate from indirect/direct water reuse applications SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brine treatment; contaminants of emerging concern; reverse osmosis; reverse osmosis brine; reverse osmosis concentrate; water reuse ID MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; DRINKING-WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; REMOVAL; RECLAMATION; EFFLUENTS; OZONE AB Water shortage is becoming more common due to droughts and global population increases resulting in the increasing popularity of water reuse to create new water sources. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane systems are popular in these applications since they can produce drinking water quality effluent. Unfortunately, RO systems have the drawback of generating concentrate streams that contain contaminants rejected by the membrane including chemicals of emerging concern (CECs). CECs are chemicals such as hormones, steroids, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products that are used for their intended purpose and then released into wastewater. CECs are believed to be detrimental to aquatic wildlife health and pose an unknown human health risk. This research gathered the existing knowledge on CEC presence in concentrate, available proven concentrate treatment methods, their CEC removal abilities, and current CEC regulations. It was found that 127 CECs have been measured in RO concentrate with 100 being detected at least once. The most potent treatment process available is UV/H2O2 as it offers the highest removal rates for the widest range of chemicals. The less expensive process of ozone/biologically activated carbon offers slightly lower removal abilities. This comprehensive report will provide the groundwork for better understanding, regulating and treating concentrate stream CECs. C1 [Romeyn, Travis R.; Harijanto, Wesley; Sandoval, Sofia; Sharbatmaleki, Mohamadali] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, 3801 West Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Delagah, Saied] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bur Reclamat, POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Romeyn, TR (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, 3801 West Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM travis.romeyn@gmail.com FU Bureau of Reclamation; California Polytechnic University, Pomona; Skanska USA Civil FX The authors would like to extend a special thank you to Jon Reynolds, PE, Krieger & Stewart, Incorporated; Dr Bruce Mansell, PE, California Polytechnic University, Pomona, Los Angeles County Sanitation District; Dr Monica Palomo, PE, California Polytechnic University, Pomona; and Steve Agor, PE, Skanska USA Civil. This work would not be possible without the support of the Bureau of Reclamation, California Polytechnic University, Pomona, and Skanska USA Civil. A very special thank you is also extended to Russ and Marilyn Romeyn for their support throughout the entire course of this research. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 24 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 EI 1996-9732 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 236 EP 250 DI 10.2166/wst.2015.480 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DJ7MJ UT WOS:000374395200002 PM 26819378 ER PT J AU Hodge, BW Wilzbach, MA Duffy, WG Quinones, RM Hobbs, JA AF Hodge, Brian W. Wilzbach, Margaret A. Duffy, Walter G. Quinones, Rebecca M. Hobbs, James A. TI Life History Diversity in Klamath River Steelhead SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; SYMPATRIC RESIDENT; MIGRATORY HISTORY; MATING SYSTEM; PACIFIC RIM; DAM REMOVAL; BROWN TROUT; ELWHA RIVER AB Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibits a vast array of life histories, which increases its likelihood of persistence by spreading risk of extirpation among different pathways. The Klamath River basin (California-Oregon) provides a particularly interesting backdrop for the study of life history diversity in O. mykiss, in part because the river is slated for a historic and potentially influential dam removal and habitat recolonization project. We used scale and otolith strontium isotope (Sr-87/Sr-86) analyses to characterize life history diversity in wild O. mykiss from the lower Klamath River basin. We also determined maternal origin (anadromous or nonanadromous) and migratory history (anadromous or nonanadromous) of O. mykiss and compared length and fecundity at age between anadromous (steelhead) and nonanadromous (Rainbow Trout) phenotypes of O. mykiss. We identified a total of 38 life history categories at maturity, which differed in duration of freshwater and ocean rearing, age at maturation, and incidence of repeat spawning. Approximately 10% of adult fish sampled were nonanadromous. Rainbow Trout generally grew faster in freshwater than juvenile steelhead; however, ocean growth afforded adult steelhead greater length and fecundity than adult Rainbow Trout. Although 75% of individuals followed the migratory path of their mother, steelhead produced nonanadromous progeny and Rainbow Trout produced anadromous progeny. Overall, we observed a highly diverse array of life histories among Klamath River O. mykiss. While this diversity should increase population resilience, recent declines in the abundance of Klamath River steelhead suggest that life history diversity alone is not sufficient to stabilize a population. Our finding that steelhead and Rainbow Trout give rise to progeny of the alternate form (1) suggests that dam removal might lead to a facultatively anadromous O. mykiss population in the upper basin and (2) raises the question of whether both forms of O. mykiss in the Klamath River should be managed under the same strategy. C1 [Hodge, Brian W.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wilzbach, Margaret A.; Duffy, Walter G.] Humboldt State Univ, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Quinones, Rebecca M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hobbs, James A.] Univ Calif Davis, Interdisciplinary Ctr Inductively Coupled Plasma, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hodge, Brian W.] Trout Unlimited, POB 771233, Steamboat Springs, CO 80477 USA. RP Hodge, BW (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.; Hodge, BW (reprint author), Trout Unlimited, POB 771233, Steamboat Springs, CO 80477 USA. EM bhodge@tu.org FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Marin Rod and Gun Club FX We thank J. McMillan, D. Ward, and three anonymous individuals for manuscript review; E. Bjorkstedt and E. Loudenslager for suggestions that improved the study design; and B. Bearding, W. Johnson, C. Anderson, M. Barrett, T. Soto, M. Peterson, B. Poxon, R. Slezak, T. Jones, M. Ashenfelter, C. Adams, and M. Reber for assistance with hook-and-line sampling. We also thank J. Hopelain, L. Borgerson, and B. Jong for guidance regarding scale pattern interpretation; B. Chesney for coordinating water sample collection; R. Records and M. Mayfield for GIS support; and W. Sinnen, M. Knechtle, and M. Pisano for their cooperation in sampling at weir trapping facilities. Funding was provided by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and by the Marin Rod and Gun Club. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 2 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1111257 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ6LE UT WOS:000374323600001 ER PT J AU Casazza, ML Overton, CT Bui, TVD Hull, JM Albertson, JD Bloom, VK Bobzien, S McBroom, J Latta, M Olofson, P Rohmer, TM Schwarzbach, S Strong, DR Grijalva, E Wood, JK Skalos, SM Takekawa, J AF Casazza, Michael L. Overton, Cory T. Bui, Thuy-Vy D. Hull, Joshua M. Albertson, Joy D. Bloom, Valary K. Bobzien, Steven McBroom, Jennifer Latta, Marilyn Olofson, Peggy Rohmer, Tobias M. Schwarzbach, Steven Strong, Donald R. Grijalva, Erik Wood, Julian K. Skalos, Shannon M. Takekawa, John TI Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: finding the common ground SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem; endangered; restoration; California Ridgway's Rail; Spartina ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CALIFORNIA CLAPPER RAILS; RALLUS-LONGIROSTRIS-OBSOLETUS; CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; TAMARISK BIOCONTROL; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; COLORADO RIVER AB Management actions to protect endangered species and conserve ecosystem function may not always be in precise alignment. Efforts to recover the California Ridgway's Rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus; hereafter, California rail), a federally and state-listed species, and restoration of tidal marsh ecosystems in the San Francisco Bay estuary provide a prime example of habitat restoration that has conflicted with species conservation. On the brink of extinction from habitat loss and degradation, and non-native predators in the 1990s, California rail populations responded positively to introduction of a non-native plant, Atlantic cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). California rail populations were in substantial decline when the non-native Spartina was initially introduced as part of efforts to recover tidal marshes. Subsequent hybridization with the native Pacific cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) boosted California rail populations by providing greater cover and increased habitat area. The hybrid cordgrass (S. alterniflora x S. foliosa) readily invaded tidal mudflats and channels, and both crowded out native tidal marsh plants and increased sediment accretion in the marsh plain. This resulted in modification of tidal marsh geomorphology, hydrology, productivity, and species composition. Our results show that denser California rail populations occur in invasive Spartina than in native Spartina in San Francisco Bay. Herbicide treatment between 2005 and 2012 removed invasive Spartina from open intertidal mud and preserved foraging habitat for shorebirds. However, removal of invasive Spartina caused substantial decreases in California rail populations. Unknown facets of California rail ecology, undesirable interim stages of tidal marsh restoration, and competing management objectives among stakeholders resulted in management planning for endangered species or ecosystem restoration that favored one goal over the other. We have examined this perceived conflict and propose strategies for moderating harmful effects of restoration while meeting the needs of both endangered species and the imperiled native marsh ecosystem. C1 [Casazza, Michael L.; Overton, Cory T.; Bui, Thuy-Vy D.; Schwarzbach, Steven; Skalos, Shannon M.] US Geol Survey, Bernards, NJ 07920 USA. [Hull, Joshua M.; Albertson, Joy D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Harding Township, NJ USA. [Hull, Joshua M.; Grijalva, Erik] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Bloom, Valary K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Recovery Branch, Harding Township, NJ USA. [Bobzien, Steven] East Bay Reg Pk Dist, Oakland, CA USA. [McBroom, Jennifer; Rohmer, Tobias M.] Invas Spartina Project, Oakland, CA USA. [Latta, Marilyn] Calif State Coastal Conservancy, Oakland, CA USA. [Olofson, Peggy] San Francisco Estuary Invas Spartina Project, San Francisco, CA USA. [Rohmer, Tobias M.] Olofson Environm Inc, Oakland, CA USA. [Strong, Donald R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA USA. [Wood, Julian K.] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, GA USA. [Takekawa, John] Natl Audubon Soc, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Casazza, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Bernards, NJ 07920 USA. OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Invasive Spartina Project; USFWS Coastal Program; USFWS Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Office FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) joint Science Support Program and Quick Response Program, the Invasive Spartina Project, USFWS Coastal Program, and USFWS Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Office. Ridgeway's Rail studies were permitted under USFWS endangered species permit TE-020548, California Department of Fish and Game Memorandum of Understanding and scientific collecting permits, USGS Bird Banding Laboratory permit 21142, and the USGS Western Ecological Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 125 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 23 U2 33 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2016 VL 21 IS 1 AR 19 DI 10.5751/ES-08134-210119 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DJ1AI UT WOS:000373935100021 ER PT J AU Luizza, MW Wakie, T Evangelista, PH Jarnevich, CS AF Luizza, Matthew W. Wakie, Tewodros Evangelista, Paul H. Jarnevich, Catherine S. TI Integrating local pastoral knowledge, participatory mapping, and species distribution modeling for risk assessment of invasive rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) in Ethiopia's Afar region SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Afar region; citizen science; Cryptostegia grandiflora; Ethiopia; invasive species; local ecological knowledge; Maxent; participatory mapping; pastoral livelihoods; risk assessment; rubber vine; species distribution modeling ID TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; HABITAT SUITABILITY; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SAMPLE-SIZE; PLANT; MANAGEMENT; AWASH AB The threats posed by invasive plants span ecosystems and economies worldwide. Local knowledge of biological invasions has proven beneficial for invasive species research, but to date no work has integrated this knowledge with species distribution modeling for invasion risk assessments. In this study, we integrated pastoral knowledge with Maxent modeling to assess the suitable habitat and potential impacts of invasive Cryptostegia grandiflora Robx. Ex R. Br. (rubber vine) in Ethiopia's Afar region. We conducted focus groups with seven villages across the Amibara and Awash-Fentale districts. Pastoral knowledge revealed the growing threat of rubber vine, which to date has received limited attention in Ethiopia, and whose presence in Afar was previously unknown to our team. Rubber vine occurrence points were collected in the field with pastoralists and processed in Maxent with MODIS-derived vegetation indices, topographic data, and anthropogenic variables. We tested model fit using a jackknife procedure and validated the final model with an independent occurrence data set collected through participatory mapping activities with pastoralists. A Multivariate Environmental Similarity Surface analysis revealed areas with novel environmental conditions for future targeted surveys. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and showed good fit across the jackknife models (average AUC = 0.80) and the final model (test AUC = 0.96). Our results reveal the growing threat rubber vine poses to Afar, with suitable habitat extending downstream of its current known location in the middle Awash River basin. Local pastoral knowledge provided important context for its rapid expansion due to acute changes in seasonality and habitat alteration, in addition to threats posed to numerous endemic tree species that provide critical provisioning ecosystem services. This work demonstrates the utility of integrating local ecological knowledge with species distribution modeling for early detection and targeted surveying of recently established invasive species. C1 [Luizza, Matthew W.; Wakie, Tewodros; Evangelista, Paul H.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Tulsa, OK USA. RP Luizza, MW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU National Needs Fellowship program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation FX This study was conducted through the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center. Funding for this research was provided by the National Needs Fellowship program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Science Foundation. We would like to thank all of the pastoral communities that participated in this study, for contributing their detailed knowledge of the landscape. Special thanks to Seyed Mohammed whose tireless efforts and constant humor, in addition to his contributions as guide, translator, and research assistant, were invaluable to the success of this project. Additional thanks to the two anonymous reviewers, journal editors, and Daniel Manier from the USGS Fort Collins Science Center who provided valuable comments and discussion that have greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Colorado State University. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 16 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2016 VL 21 IS 1 AR 22 DI 10.5751/ES-07988-210122 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DJ1AI UT WOS:000373935100009 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Caprio, AC Stephenson, NL Das, AJ AF van Mantgem, Phillip J. Caprio, Anthony C. Stephenson, Nathan L. Das, Adrian J. TI DOES PRESCRIBED FIRE PROMOTE RESISTANCE TO DROUGHT IN LOW ELEVATION FORESTS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, USA? SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; fire effects; forest management; prescribed fire; Sierra Nevada; tree mortality ID FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; NORTH-AMERICAN FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE MORTALITY-RATES; MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATE FOREST; BARK BEETLES; DIE-OFF; RESTORATION AB Prescribed fire is a primary tool used to restore western forests following more than a century of fire exclusion, reducing fire hazard by removing dead and live fuels (small trees and shrubs). It is commonly assumed that the reduced forest density following prescribed fire also reduces competition for resources among the remaining trees, so that the remaining trees are more resistant (more likely to survive) in the face of additional stressors, such as drought. Yet this proposition remains largely untested, so that managers do not have the basic information to evaluate whether prescribed fire may help forests adapt to a future of more frequent and severe drought. During the third year of drought, in 2014, we surveyed 9950 trees in 38 burned and 18 unburned mixed conifer forest plots at low elevation (< 2100 m a.s.l.) in Kings Canyon, Sequoia, and Yosemite national parks in California, USA. Fire had occurred in the burned plots from 6 yr to 28 yr be-fore our survey. After accounting for differences in individual tree diameter, common conifer species found in the burned plots had significantly reduced probability of mortality compared to unburned plots during the drought. Stand density (stems ha(-1)) was significantly lower in burned versus unburned sites, supporting the idea that reduced competition may be responsible for the differential drought mortality response. At the time of writing, we are not sure if burned stands will maintain lower tree mortality probabilities in the face of the continued, severe drought of 2015. Future work should aim to better identify drought response mechanisms and how these may vary across other forest types and regions, particularly in other areas experiencing severe drought in the Sierra Nevada and on the Colorado Plateau. C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Caprio, Anthony C.] Natl Pk Serv, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.; Das, Adrian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; US Geological Survey Southwest Climate Science Center FX We thank the many field crews who collected and organized the forest plot data. P. Moore, J. Yee, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This project was partially supported by the National Park Service and the US Geological Survey Southwest Climate Science Center. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 21 U2 27 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.4996/fireecology.1201013 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DJ3QJ UT WOS:000374120400003 ER PT J AU Rangoonwala, A Enwright, NM Ramsey, E Spruce, JP AF Rangoonwala, Amina Enwright, Nicholas M. Ramsey, Elijah, III Spruce, Joseph P. TI Radar and optical mapping of surge persistence and marsh dieback along the New Jersey Mid-Atlantic coast after Hurricane Sandy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; IMAGERY; FLOOD; INUNDATION; WETLANDS; IMPACT; MODIS AB This study combined a radar-based time series of Hurricane Sandy surge and estimated persistence with optical sensor-based marsh condition change to assess potential causal linkages of surge persistence and marsh condition change along the New Jersey Atlantic Ocean coast. Results based on processed TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images indicated that surge flooding persisted for 12 h past landfall in marshes from Great Bay to Great Egg Harbor Bay and up to 59 h after landfall in many back-barrier lagoon marshes. Marsh condition change (i.e. loss of green marsh vegetation) was assessed from optical satellite images (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) collected before and after Hurricane Sandy. High change in condition often showed spatial correspondence, with high surge persistence in marsh surrounding the lagoon portion of Great Bay, while in contrast, low change and high persistence spatial correspondence dominated the interior marshes of the Great Bay and Great Egg Harbor Bay estuaries. Salinity measurements suggest that these areas were influenced by freshwater discharges after landfall possibly mitigating damage. Back-barrier marshes outside these regions exhibited mixed correspondences. In some cases, topographic features supporting longer surge persistence suggested that non-correspondence between radar and optical data-based results may be due to differential resilience; however, in many cases, reference information was lacking to determine a reason for non-correspondence. C1 [Rangoonwala, Amina; Enwright, Nicholas M.; Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Spruce, Joseph P.] Comp Sci Corp, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Oxford, MS USA. RP Rangoonwala, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov OI Enwright, Nicholas/0000-0002-7887-3261 FU US Geological Survey Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Funds [AE03FBK, GX13SC00FBK]; German Aerospace Center (DLR) [COA2070] FX This work was supported by US Geological Survey Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Funds (AE03FBK, GX13SC00FBK). Access to TerraSAR-X data was provided through a grant (COA2070) from the German Aerospace Center (DLR). NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1692 EP 1713 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1163748 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DJ1TI UT WOS:000373986700012 ER PT J AU Li, MN Li, CC Jiang, H Fang, CY Yang, J Zhu, ZL Shi, L Liu, SR Gong, P AF Li, Mengna Li, Congcong Jiang, Hong Fang, Chengyuan Yang, Jun Zhu, Zhiliang Shi, Lei Liu, Shirong Gong, Peng TI Tracking bamboo dynamics in Zhejiang, China, using time-series of Landsat data from 1990 to 2014 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFICATION; COVER CLASSIFICATION; ACCURACY; UNCERTAINTY; IMAGERY; SEQUESTRATION; ELEVATION; BIOMASS; IMPACT; AREA AB Bamboo is an important vegetation type and provides a number of critical ecosystem services. Reliable and consistent information on bamboo distribution is required to better estimate its effect on climate change mitigation and socio-economic development. However, such information is rare over a large spatial area. In this study, we evaluate the contribution of different features in the identification of bamboo stands and determine a more discriminative set of features. We propose a bamboo mapping system including feature extraction and feature selection and derive the long-term trends of bamboo distribution in Zhejiang Province, China, using time-series of Landsat data from 1990 to 2014, with an increment of 5 years (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014). The resultant maps of bamboo in the six epochs were evaluated using independent validation samples. The overall accuracies (OAs) of all six epochs range from 85.9% to 90.7%. We found that bamboo distribution in Zhejiang substantially increased from 1990 to 2014, particularly during the 2000s. Based on the produced maps, the area of bamboo in this region increased from 5363 +/- 490 km(2) in 1990 to 11671 +/- 653 km(2) in 2014, which is consistent with the National Forest Resource Inventory (NFRI) data. Our study demonstrates the capability of time-series of Landsat data for continuous monitoring of bamboo at a large spatial scale. C1 [Li, Mengna; Gong, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Congcong; Yang, Jun; Gong, Peng] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Edu, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modelling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Hong; Fang, Chengyuan] Zhejiang Agr & Forest Univ, Nurturing Stn State Key Lab Subtrop Silviculture, Linan, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Shi, Lei; Liu, Shirong] State Forestry Adm Peoples Republ China, Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Gong, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM penggong@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn FU Meteorological Public Benefit project of China [GYHY201506010] FX This research was funded by a Meteorological Public Benefit project of China [grant number: GYHY201506010]. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1714 EP 1729 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1165885 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DJ1TI UT WOS:000373986700013 ER PT J AU Wilson, JL Schumacher, JG Burken, JG AF Wilson, Jordan L. Schumacher, John G. Burken, Joel G. TI Persistence and Microbial Source Tracking of Escherichia coli at a Swimming Beach at Lake of the Ozarks State Park, Missouri SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE microbial source tracking; environmental indicators; E. coli; public health; lakes; monitoring ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; REAL-TIME PCR; FECAL POLLUTION; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; BAY AB The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has closed or posted advisories at public beaches at Lake of the Ozarks State Park in Missouri because of Escherichia coli (E.coli) concentration exceedances in recent years. Spatial and temporal patterns of E.coli concentrations, microbial source tracking, novel sampling techniques, and beach-use patterns were studied during the 2012 recreational season to identify possible sources, origins, and occurrence of E.coli contamination at Grand Glaize Beach (GGB). Results indicate an important source of E.coli contamination at GGB was E.coli released into the water column by bathers resuspending avian-contaminated sediments, especially during high-use days early in the recreational season. Escherichia coli concentrations in water, sediment, and resuspended sediment samples all decreased throughout the recreational season likely because of decreasing lake levels resulting in sampling locations receding away from the initial spring shoreline as well as natural decay and physical transport out of the cove. Weekly MDNR beach monitoring, based solely on E.coli concentrations, at GGB during this study inaccurately predicted E.coli exceedances, especially on weekends and holidays. Interestingly, E.coli of human origin were measured at concentrations indicative of raw sewage in runoff from an excavation of a nearby abandoned septic tank that had not been used for nearly two years. C1 [Wilson, Jordan L.; Schumacher, John G.] US Geol Survey, Hydrol Invest Sect, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, 1400 Independence Rd,Mail Stop 100, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Burken, Joel G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Wilson, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hydrol Invest Sect, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, 1400 Independence Rd,Mail Stop 100, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM jlwilson@usgs.gov FU MDNR; USGS FX Joint funding for this project was provided by the MDNR and the USGS. The authors thank Bill Arnold and staff at the MDNR at Lake of the Ozarks State Park and marina operators at Grand Glaize Beach for giving access to facilities and assisting with logistics for the project. The authors also thank Ben Rivers, Suzanne Femmer, Paul Brenden, and Kasey Marshall at the USGS MWSC for help collecting data and Matt Limmer at the University of Delaware for help with statistical analysis. Special thanks to Jim Divincen and other members of the Four County Wastewater Task Force and the Lake of the Ozarks Watershed Alliance for their logistical support in access to remote sampling sites. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 508 EP 522 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12404 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DI9FZ UT WOS:000373808800016 ER PT S AU Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS AF Germino, Matthew J. Chambers, Jeanne C. Brown, Cynthia S. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Introduction: Exotic Annual Bromus in the Western USA SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter DE Resistance; Resilience; Exotic annual Bromus grasses; Western USA ID GRASS-FIRE CYCLE; NORTH-AMERICA; RESILIENCE; INVASION; RESISTANCE AB The spread and impacts of exotic species are unambiguous, global threats to many ecosystems. A prominent example is the suite of annual grasses in the Bromus genus (Bromus hereafter) that originate from Europe and Eurasia but have invaded or are invading large areas of the Western USA. This book brings a diverse, multidisciplinary group of authors together to synthesize current knowledge, research needs, and management implications for Bromus. Exotic plant invasions are multifaceted problems, and understanding and managing them requires the biological, ecological, sociological, and economic perspectives that are integrated in this book. Knowing how well information from one geographic or environmental setting can transfer to another is a key need for broadly distributed Bromus species especially given ongoing climate change. Thus, the chapters in the book compare and contrast invasibility of different ecoregions and invasiveness of different Bromus species. A universal theme is managing for ecosystems that are resilient to disturbance and resistant to invasion which will be essential for adaptation to the human-caused problem of Bromus in the Western USA. C1 [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov; jchambers@fs.fed.us; cynthia.s.brown@colostate.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000001 ER PT S AU Brooks, ML Brown, CS Chambers, JC D'Antonio, CM Keeley, JE Belnap, J AF Brooks, Matthew L. Brown, Cynthia S. Chambers, Jeanne C. D'Antonio, Carla M. Keeley, Jon E. Belnap, Jayne BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Exotic Annual Bromus Invasions: Comparisons Among Species and Ecoregions in the Western United States SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fire; Resilience; Resistance; Management; Moisture regime; Temperature regime ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUST; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; BURNING JAPANESE BROME; PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; ALIEN ANNUAL PLANTS; MOJAVE DESERT; LONG-TERM AB Exotic annual Bromus species are widely recognized for their potential to invade, dominate, and alter the structure and function of ecosystems. In this chapter, we summarize the invasion potential, ecosystem threats, and management strategies for different Bromus species within each of five ecoregions of the western United States. We characterize invasion potential and threats in terms of ecosystem resistance to Bromus invasion and ecosystem resilience to disturbance with an emphasis on the importance of fire regimes. We also explain how soil temperature and moisture regimes can be linked to patterns of resistance and resilience and provide a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate the relative potential for invasion and ecological impact of the dominant exotic annual Bromus species in the western United States. C1 [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagri Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Environm Studies Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. EM matt_brooks@usgs.gov; cynthia.s.brown@colostate.edu; jchambers@fs.fed.us; dantonio@es.ucsb.edu; jon_keeley@usgs.gov; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 227 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 11 EP 60 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 50 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000002 ER PT S AU Germino, MJ Belnap, J Stark, JM Allen, EB Rau, BM AF Germino, Matthew J. Belnap, Jayne Stark, John M. Allen, Edith B. Rau, Benjamin M. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Ecosystem Impacts of Exotic Annual Invaders in the Genus Bromus SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bromus; Annual exotic grasses; Ecosystems; Desertification; Feedbacks ID ALTERS NITROGEN DYNAMICS; STEPPE PLANT-COMMUNITIES; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TECTORUM L. INVASION; COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; GREAT-BASIN DESERT; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; ANNUAL GRASS; MOJAVE DESERT; GROUND-SQUIRRELS AB An understanding of the impacts of exotic plant species on ecosystems is necessary to justify and guide efforts to limit their spread, restore natives, and plan for conservation. Invasive annual grasses such as Bromus tectorum, B. rubens, B. hordeaceus, and B. diandrus (hereafter collectively referred to as Bromus) transform the structure and function of ecosystems they dominate. Experiments that prove cause-and-effect impacts of Bromus are rare, yet inferences can be gleaned from the combination of Bromus-ecosystem associations, ecosystem condition before/after invasion, and an understanding of underlying mechanisms. Bromus typically establishes in bare soil patches and can eventually replace perennials such as woody species or bunchgrasses, creating a homogeneous annual cover. Plant productivity and cover are less stable across seasons and years when Bromus dominates, due to a greater response to annual climate variability. Bromus' "flash" of growth followed by senescence early in the growing season, combined with shallow rooting and annual habit, may lead to incomplete use of deep soil water, reduced C sequestration, and accelerated nutrient cycling. Litter produced by Bromus alters nearly all aspects of ecosystems and notably increases wildfire occurrence. Where Bromus has become dominant, it can decrease soil stability by rendering soils bare for months following fire or episodic, pathogen-induced stand failure. Bromus-invaded communities have lower species diversity, and associated species tend to be generalists adapted to unstable and variable habitats. Changes in litter, fire, and soil properties appear to feedback to reinforce Bromus' dominance in a pattern that portends desertification. C1 [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Stark, John M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Stark, John M.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA USA. [Rau, Benjamin M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; jstark@biology.usu.edu; edith.allen@ucr.edu; benjaminmrau@fs.fed.us NR 166 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 61 EP 95 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 35 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000003 ER PT S AU Belnap, J Stark, JM Rau, BM Allen, EB Phillips, S AF Belnap, Jayne Stark, John M. Rau, Benjamin M. Allen, Edith B. Phillips, Susan BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Soil Moisture and Biogeochemical Factors Influence the Distribution of Annual Bromus Species SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Climate; Geomorphology; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Soils ID SEMIARID SAGEBRUSH SITE; GREAT-BASIN VEGETATION; SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; EXOTIC PLANT INVASION; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; TECTORUM INVASION; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; CHEATGRASS INVASION AB Abiotic factors have a strong influence on where annual Bromus species are found. At the large regional scale, temperature and precipitation extremes determine the boundaries of Bromus occurrence. At the more local scale, soil characteristics and climate influence distribution, cover, and performance. In hot, dry, summerrainfall-dominated deserts (Sonoran, Chihuahuan), little or no Bromus is found, likely due to timing or amount of soil moisture relative to Bromus phenology. In hot, winter-rainfall-dominated deserts (parts of the Mojave Desert), Bromus rubens is widespread and correlated with high phosphorus availability. It also responds positively to additions of nitrogen alone or with phosphorus. On the Colorado Plateau, with higher soil moisture availability, factors limiting Bromus tectorum populations vary with life stage: phosphorus and water limit germination, potassium and the potassium/magnesium ratio affect winter performance, and water and potassium/magnesium affect spring performance. Controlling nutrients also change with elevation. In cooler deserts with winter precipitation (Great Basin, Columbia Plateau) and thus even greater soil moisture availability, B. tectorum populations are controlled by nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium. Experimental nitrogen additions stimulate Bromus performance. The reason for different nutrients limiting in dissimilar climatic regions is not known, but it is likely that site conditions such as soil texture (as it affects water and nutrient availability), organic matter, and/or chemistry interact in a manner that regulates nutrient availability and limitations. Under future drier, hotter conditions, Bromus distribution is likely to change due to changes in the interaction between moisture and nutrient availability. C1 [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Stark, John M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Stark, John M.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Rau, Benjamin M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Phillips, Susan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; jstark@biology.usu.edu; benjaminmrau@fs.fed.us; edith.allen@ucr.edu; sue_phillips@usgs.gov NR 113 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 227 EP 256 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000008 ER PT S AU Chambers, JC Germino, MJ Belnap, J Brown, CS Schupp, EW St Clair, SB AF Chambers, Jeanne C. Germino, Matthew J. Belnap, Jayne Brown, Cynthia S. Schupp, Eugene W. St Clair, Samuel B. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Plant Community Resistance to Invasion by Bromus Species: The Roles of Community Attributes, Bromus Interactions with Plant Communities, and Bromus Traits SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ecosystem resilience; Plant traits; Resource dynamics; Species interactions; Herbivory ID BIG SAGEBRUSH COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA ANNUAL GRASSLAND; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; EXOTIC ANNUAL GRASSES; SOIL SEED BANK; MOJAVE DESERT; GREAT-BASIN; PERENNIAL GRASSES; SHRUB-STEPPE; TECTORUM-L AB The factors that determine plant community resistance to exotic annual Bromus species (Bromus hereafter) are diverse and context specific. They are influenced by the environmental characteristics and attributes of the community, the traits of Bromus species, and the direct and indirect interactions of Bromus with the plant community. Environmental factors, in particular ambient and soil temperatures, have significant effects on the ability of Bromus to establish and spread. Seasonality of precipitation relative to temperature influences plant community resistance to Bromus through effects on soil water storage, timing of water and nutrient availability, and dominant plant life forms. Differences among plant communities in how well soil resource use by the plant community matches resource supply rates can influence the magnitude of resource fluctuations due to either climate or disturbance and thus the opportunities for invasion. The spatial and temporal patterns of resource availability and acquisition of growth resources by Bromus versus native species strongly influence resistance to invasion. Traits of Bromus that confer a "priority advantage" for resource use in many communities include early-season germination and high growth and reproductive rates. Resistance to Bromus can be overwhelmed by high propagule supply, low innate seed dormancy, and large, if short-lived, seed banks. Biological crusts can inhibit germination and establishment of invasive annual plants, including several annual Bromus species, but are effective only in the absence of disturbance. Herbivores can have negative direct effects on Bromus, but positive indirect effects through decreases in competitors. Management strategies can be improved through increased understanding of community resistance to exotic annual Bromus species. C1 [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [St Clair, Samuel B.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us; mgermino@usgs.gov; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; cynthia.s.brown@colostate.edu; eugene.schupp@usu.edu; stclair@byu.edu NR 170 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 275 EP 304 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000010 ER PT S AU Pyke, DA Chambers, JC Beck, JL Brooks, ML Mealor, BA AF Pyke, David A. Chambers, Jeanne C. Beck, Jeffrey L. Brooks, Matthew L. Mealor, Brian A. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI Land Uses, Fire, and Invasion: Exotic Annual Bromus and Human Dimensions SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Energy development; Farming; Grazing; Management policies; Wildlife responses ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHERN NEVADA; HUMAN FOOTPRINT; MOJAVE DESERT AB Human land uses are the primary cause of the introduction and spread of exotic annual Bromus species. Initial introductions were likely linked to contaminated seeds used by homesteading farmers in the late 1880s and early 1900s. Transportation routes aided their spread. Unrestricted livestock grazing from the 1800s through the mid-1900s reduced native plant competitors leaving large areas vulnerable to Bromus dominance. Ecosystems with cooler and moister soils tend to have greater potential to recover from disturbances (resilience) and to be more resistant to Bromus invasion and dominance. Warmer and drier ecosystems are less resistant to Bromus and are threatened by altered fire regimes which can lead to Bromus dominance, impacts to wildlife, and alternative stable states. Native Americans used fire for manipulating plant communities and may have contributed to the early dominance of Bromus in portions of California. Fire as a tool is now limited to site preparation for revegetation in most ecosystems where Bromus is a significant problem. Once Bromus dominates, breaking annual grass/fire cycles requires restoring fire-tolerant perennial grasses and forbs, which can compete with Bromus and resist its dominance. Current weed management policies often lack regulations to prevent further expansion of Bromus. Research is needed on how and where livestock grazing might help increase perennial grass and forb cover and density to create ecosystems that are more resistant to Bromus. Also, studies are needed to ascertain the role, if any, of oil and gas development in contributing to the spread of Bromus C1 [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Beck, Jeffrey L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Mealor, Brian A.] Univ Wyoming, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov; jchambers@fs.fed.us; jlbeck@uwyo.edu; matt_brooks@usgs.gov; bamealor@uwyo.edu NR 142 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 307 EP 337 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 31 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000011 ER PT S AU Provencher, L Frid, L Czembor, C Morisette, JT AF Provencher, Louis Frid, Leonardo Czembor, Christina Morisette, Jeffrey T. BE Germino, MJ Chambers, JC Brown, CS TI State-and-Transition Models: Conceptual Versus Simulation Perspectives, Usefulness and Breadth of Use, and Land Management Applications SO EXOTIC BROME-GRASSES IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WESTERN US: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE State-and-transition; Conceptual model; Simulation; Uncertainty; Climate change ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION SCENARIOS; SAGEBRUSH ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERT OPINION; WILDLAND FIRE; BASIN; VEGETATION; STRATEGIES; WILDFIRE AB State-and-Transition Simulation Modeling (STSM) is a quantitative analysis method that can consolidate a wide array of resource management issues under a "what-if" scenario exercise. STSM can be seen as an ensemble of models, such as climate models, ecological models, and economic models that incorporate human dimensions and management options. This chapter presents STSM as a tool to help synthesize information on social-ecological systems and to investigate some of the management issues associated with exotic annual Bromus species, which have been described elsewhere in this book. Definitions, terminology, and perspectives on conceptual and computer-simulated stochastic state-and-transition models are given first, followed by a brief review of past STSM studies relevant to the management of Bromus species. A detailed case study illustrates the usefulness of STSM for land management. As a whole, this chapter is intended to demonstrate how STSM can help both managers and scientists: (a) determine efficient resource allocation for monitoring nonnative grasses; (b) evaluate sources of uncertainty in model simulation results involving expert opinion, and their consequences for management decisions; and (c) provide insight into the consequences of predicted local climate change effects on ecological systems invaded by exotic annual Bromus species. C1 [Provencher, Louis] Nature Conservancy, Reno, NV 89501 USA. [Frid, Leonardo] Apex Resource Management Solut Ltd, Bowen Isl, BC, Canada. [Czembor, Christina] Knight Piesold Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Provencher, L (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Reno, NV 89501 USA. EM lprovencher@tnc.org; leonardo.frid@apexrms.com; c.czembor@gmail.com; morisettej@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0172-6161 BN 978-3-319-24930-8; 978-3-319-24928-5 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2016 BP 371 EP 407 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_13 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8 PG 37 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BE5WM UT WOS:000373556000013 ER PT J AU Picotte, JJ Peterson, B Meier, G Howard, SM AF Picotte, Joshua J. Peterson, Birgit Meier, Gretchen Howard, Stephen M. TI 1984-2010 trends in fire burn severity and area for the conterminous US SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE differenced Normalized Burn Ratio; LANDFIRE Environmental Site Potential; Landsat; MTBS; Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio; sigmoid distribution; wildfire ID SIERRA-NEVADA; SOUTHERN CASCADES; WESTERN US; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE; RATIO; LANDSCAPE; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; MOUNTAINS AB Burn severity products created by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project were used to analyse historical trends in burn severity. Using a severity metric calculated by modelling the cumulative distribution of differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and Relativized dNBR (RdNBR) data, we examined burn area and burn severity of 4893 historical fires (1984-2010) distributed across the conterminous US (CONUS) and mapped by MTBS. Yearly mean burn severity values (weighted by area), maximum burn severity metric values, mean area of burn, maximum burn area and total burn area were evaluated within 27 US National Vegetation Classification macrogroups. Time series assessments of burned area and severity were performed using Mann-Kendall tests. Burned area and severity varied by vegetation classification, but most vegetation groups showed no detectable change during the 1984-2010 period. Of the 27 analysed vegetation groups, trend analysis revealed burned area increased in eight, and burn severity has increased in seven. This study suggests that burned area and severity, as measured by the severity metric based on dNBR or RdNBR, have not changed substantially for most vegetation groups evaluated within CONUS. C1 [Picotte, Joshua J.; Peterson, Birgit; Meier, Gretchen] ASRC Fed InuTeq LLC, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Picotte, Joshua J.; Peterson, Birgit; Meier, Gretchen; Howard, Stephen M.] USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Picotte, JJ (reprint author), ASRC Fed InuTeq LLC, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jpicotte@usgs.gov FU USGS Land Change Science Program; MTBS project FX This project was supported by the USGS Land Change Science Program and the MTBS project. We thank Thomas Adamson, Roger Auch, Carol Deering and Jeffery Eidenshink for their assistance in revising this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 4 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1071/WF15039 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DI7VF UT WOS:000373709400005 ER PT J AU Maurice, S Clegg, SM Wiens, RC Gasnault, O Rapin, W Forni, O Cousin, A Sautter, V Mangold, N Le Deit, L Nachon, M Anderson, RB Lanza, NL Fabre, C Payre, V Lasue, J Meslin, PY Leveille, RJ Barraclough, L Beck, P Bender, SC Berger, G Bridges, JC Bridges, NT Dromart, G Dyar, MD Francis, R Frydenvang, J Gondet, B Ehlmann, BL Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, JR Langevin, Y Madsen, MB Melikechi, N Lacour, JL Le Mouelic, S Lewin, E Newsom, HE Ollila, AM Pinet, P Schroder, S Sirven, JB Tokar, RL Toplis, MJ d'Uston, C Vaniman, DT Vasavada, AR AF Maurice, S. Clegg, S. M. Wiens, R. C. Gasnault, O. Rapin, W. Forni, O. Cousin, A. Sautter, V. Mangold, N. Le Deit, L. Nachon, M. Anderson, R. B. Lanza, N. L. Fabre, C. Payre, V. Lasue, J. Meslin, P. -Y. Leveille, R. J. Barraclough, L. Beck, P. Bender, S. C. Berger, G. Bridges, J. C. Bridges, N. T. Dromart, G. Dyar, M. D. Francis, R. Frydenvang, J. Gondet, B. Ehlmann, B. L. Herkenhoff, K. E. Johnson, J. R. Langevin, Y. Madsen, M. B. Melikechi, N. Lacour, J. -L. Le Mouelic, S. Lewin, E. Newsom, H. E. Ollila, A. M. Pinet, P. Schroeder, S. Sirven, J. -B. Tokar, R. L. Toplis, M. J. d'Uston, C. Vaniman, D. T. Vasavada, A. R. TI ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; CURIOSITY ROVER; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; SPACE EXPLORATION; INSTRUMENT SUITE; YELLOWKNIFE BAY; CHEMISTRY; ORIGIN; ROCKS; TARGETS AB At Gale crater, Mars, ChemCam acquired its first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) target on Sol 13 of the landed portion of the mission (a Sol is a Mars day). Up to Sol 800, more than 188 000 LIBS spectra were acquired on more than 5800 points distributed over about 650 individual targets. We present a comprehensive review of ChemCam scientific accomplishments during that period, together with a focus on the lessons learned from the first use of LIBS in space. For data processing, we describe new tools that had to be developed to account for the uniqueness of Mars data. With regard to chemistry, we present a summary of the composition range measured on Mars for major-element oxides (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeOT, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O) based on various multivariate models, with associated precisions. ChemCam also observed H, and the non-metallic elements C, O, P, and S, which are usually difficult to quantify with LIBS. F and Cl are observed through their molecular lines. We discuss the most relevant LIBS lines for detection of minor and trace elements (Li, Rb, Sr, Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn). These results were obtained thanks to comprehensive ground reference datasets, which are set to mimic the expected mineralogy and chemistry on Mars. With regard to the first use of LIBS in space, we analyze and quantify, often for the first time, each of the advantages of using stand-off LIBS in space: no sample preparation, analysis within its petrological context, dust removal, sub-millimeter scale investigation, multi-point analysis, the ability to carry out statistical surveys and whole-rock analyses, and rapid data acquisition. We conclude with a discussion of ChemCam performance to survey the geochemistry of Mars, and its valuable support of decisions about selecting where and whether to make observations with more time and resource-intensive tools in the rover's instrument suite. In the end, we present a bird's-eye view of the many scientific results: discovery of felsic Noachian crust, first observation of hydrated soil, discovery of manganese-rich coatings and fracture fills indicating strong oxidation potential in Mars' early atmosphere, characterization of soils by grain size, and wide scale mapping of sedimentary strata, conglomerates, and diagenetic materials. C1 [Maurice, S.; Gasnault, O.; Rapin, W.; Forni, O.; Cousin, A.; Lasue, J.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Berger, G.; Schroeder, S.; Toplis, M. J.; d'Uston, C.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRAP, Obs Midi Pyrenees, 9 Av Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Clegg, S. M.; Wiens, R. C.; Lanza, N. L.; Barraclough, L.; Frydenvang, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Sautter, V.; Anderson, R. B.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, IMPMC, F-75231 Paris, France. [Mangold, N.; Le Deit, L.; Nachon, M.; Le Mouelic, S.] LPG Nantes, UMR CNRS 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fabre, C.; Payre, V.] Univ Lorraine, GeoRessources, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Leveille, R. J.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada. [Leveille, R. J.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Beck, P.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Bender, S. C.; Tokar, R. L.; Vaniman, D. T.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Bridges, N. T.; Johnson, J. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Dromart, G.] Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, Lyon, France. [Dyar, M. D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, South Hadley, MA USA. [Francis, R.] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, London, ON, Canada. [Francis, R.; Ehlmann, B. L.; Vasavada, A. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gondet, B.; Langevin, Y.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Madsen, M. B.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Melikechi, N.] Delaware State Univ, Opt Sci Ctr Appl Res, Dover, DE USA. [Lacour, J. -L.; Sirven, J. -B.] Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, DEN, Dept Phys Chem, Saclay, France. [Lewin, E.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Newsom, H. E.; Ollila, A. M.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Newsom, H. E.; Ollila, A. M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Maurice, S (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRAP, Obs Midi Pyrenees, 9 Av Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM maurice@cesr.fr RI Frydenvang, Jens/D-4781-2013; Beck, Pierre/F-3149-2011; Sirven, Jean-Baptiste/H-5782-2013; LEWIN, Eric/F-1451-2017; OI Frydenvang, Jens/0000-0001-9294-1227; Sirven, Jean-Baptiste/0000-0002-5523-6809; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU France by the French Space Agency (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); NASA's Mars Program Office FX This work was supported in France by the French Space Agency (CNES), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and many institutes and universities across the country. Collaboration with colleagues in the US was funded by NASA's Mars Program Office. NR 107 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 14 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 EI 1364-5544 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2016 VL 31 IS 4 BP 863 EP 889 DI 10.1039/c5ja00417a PG 27 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA DI4LC UT WOS:000373470400003 ER PT J AU Zhai, L Jiang, J DeAngelis, D Sternberg, LDL AF Zhai, Lu Jiang, Jiang DeAngelis, Donald Sternberg, Leonel da Silveira Lobo TI Prediction of Plant Vulnerability to Salinity Increase in a Coastal Ecosystem by Stable Isotope Composition (delta O-18) of Plant Stem Water: A Model Study SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE salinity; delta O-18; vadose zone; hammock; mangrove; sea level rise; vegetation shift ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE L; SOUTH FLORIDA; FRESH-WATER; EVERGLADES RESTORATION; MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS; HARDWOOD HAMMOCKS; VEGETATION CHANGE; COMPETITION; FOREST AB Sea level rise and the subsequent intrusion of saline seawater can result in an increase in soil salinity, and potentially cause coastal salinity-intolerant vegetation (for example, hardwood hammocks or pines) to be replaced by salinity-tolerant vegetation (for example, mangroves or salt marshes). Although the vegetation shifts can be easily monitored by satellite imagery, it is hard to predict a particular area or even a particular tree that is vulnerable to such a shift. To find an appropriate indicator for the potential vegetation shift, we incorporated stable isotope O-18 abundance as a tracer in various hydrologic components (for example, vadose zone, water table) in a previously published model describing ecosystem shifts between hammock and mangrove communities in southern Florida. Our simulations showed that (1) there was a linear relationship between salinity and the delta O-18 value in the water table, whereas this relationship was curvilinear in the vadose zone; (2) hammock trees with higher probability of being replaced by mangroves had higher delta O-18 values of plant stem water, and this difference could be detected 2 years before the trees reached a tipping point, beyond which future replacement became certain; and (3) individuals that were eventually replaced by mangroves from the hammock tree population with a 50% replacement probability had higher stem water delta O-18 values 3 years before their replacement became certain compared to those from the same population which were not replaced. Overall, these simulation results suggest that it is promising to track the yearly delta O-18 values of plant stem water in hammock forests to predict impending salinity stress and mortality. C1 [Zhai, Lu; DeAngelis, Donald; Sternberg, Leonel da Silveira Lobo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Jiang, Jiang] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald] US Geol Survey, Wetlands & Aquatic Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Sternberg, LDL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM leo@bio.miami.edu FU Department of Biology at the University of Miami; USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program FX We thank the Department of Biology at the University of Miami for providing the equipment and funding to Lu Zhai for this study. Dr. Carol Horvitz, Dr. Robert Stephen Cantrell, Dr. Lili Wei, Dr. Su Yean Teh, and Dr. Guanghui Lin provided useful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. We also thank the three journal reviewers as well as USGS reviewer Ken Krauss for helpful comments on the manuscript. DLD was supported by the USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 1 BP 32 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9916-3 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH8BH UT WOS:000373017800003 ER PT J AU Svejcar, LN Bestelmeyer, BT Duniway, MC James, DK AF Svejcar, Lauren N. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Duniway, Michael C. James, Darren K. TI Scale-Dependent Feedbacks Between Patch Size and Plant Reproduction in Desert Grassland (vol 18, pg 146, 2015) SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Correction C1 [Svejcar, Lauren N.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Duniway, Michael C.; James, Darren K.] USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Svejcar, Lauren N.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Duniway, Michael C.; James, Darren K.] USDA ARS, Jornada Basin LTER, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Svejcar, Lauren N.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Svejcar, Lauren N.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.; Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Basin LTER, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 1 BP 185 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9930-5 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH8BH UT WOS:000373017800014 ER PT J AU Luo, YQ Ahlstrom, A Allison, SD Batjes, NH Brovkin, V Carvalhais, N Chappell, A Ciais, P Davidson, EA Finzi, AC Georgiou, K Guenet, B Hararuk, O Harden, JW He, YJ Hopkins, F Jiang, LF Koven, C Jackson, RB Jones, CD Lara, MJ Liang, JY McGuire, AD Parton, W Peng, CH Randerson, JT Salazar, A Sierra, CA Smith, MJ Tian, HQ Todd-Brown, KEO Torn, M van Groenigen, KJ Wang, YP West, TO Wei, YX Wieder, WR Xia, JY Xu, X Xu, XF Zhou, T AF Luo, Yiqi Ahlstrom, Anders Allison, Steven D. Batjes, Niels H. Brovkin, Victor Carvalhais, Nuno Chappell, Adrian Ciais, Philippe Davidson, Eric A. Finzi, Adrien C. Georgiou, Katerina Guenet, Bertrand Hararuk, Oleksandra Harden, Jennifer W. He, Yujie Hopkins, Francesca Jiang, Lifen Koven, Charlie Jackson, Robert B. Jones, Chris D. Lara, Mark J. Liang, Junyi McGuire, A. David Parton, William Peng, Changhui Randerson, James T. Salazar, Alejandro Sierra, Carlos A. Smith, Matthew J. Tian, Hanqin Todd-Brown, Katherine E. O. Torn, Margaret van Groenigen, Kees Jan Wang, Ying Ping West, Tristram O. Wei, Yaxing Wieder, William R. Xia, Jianyang Xu, Xia Xu, Xiaofeng Zhou, Tao TI Toward more realistic projections of soil carbon dynamics by Earth system models SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER MODELS; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; DATA-ASSIMILATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; INCUBATION DATA; UNITED-STATES; LAND MODEL; HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY AB Soil carbon (C) is a critical component of Earth system models (ESMs), and its diverse representations are a major source of the large spread across models in the terrestrial C sink from the third to fifth assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Improving soil C projections is of a high priority for Earth system modeling in the future IPCC and other assessments. To achieve this goal, we suggest that (1) model structures should reflect real-world processes, (2) parameters should be calibrated to match model outputs with observations, and (3) external forcing variables should accurately prescribe the environmental conditions that soils experience. First, most soil C cycle models simulate C input from litter production and C release through decomposition. The latter process has traditionally been represented by first-order decay functions, regulated primarily by temperature, moisture, litter quality, and soil texture. While this formulation well captures macroscopic soil organic C (SOC) dynamics, better understanding is needed of their underlying mechanisms as related to microbial processes, depth-dependent environmental controls, and other processes that strongly affect soil C dynamics. Second, incomplete use of observations in model parameterization is a major cause of bias in soil C projections from ESMs. Optimal parameter calibration with both pool-and flux-based data sets through data assimilation is among the highest priorities for near-term research to reduce biases among ESMs. Third, external variables are represented inconsistently among ESMs, leading to differences in modeled soil C dynamics. We recommend the implementation of traceability analyses to identify how external variables and model parameterizations influence SOC dynamics in different ESMs. Overall, projections of the terrestrial C sink can be substantially improved when reliable data sets are available to select the most representative model structure, constrain parameters, and prescribe forcing fields. C1 [Luo, Yiqi; Jiang, Lifen; Liang, Junyi] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Luo, Yiqi] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ahlstrom, Anders; Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahlstrom, Anders] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Allison, Steven D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Irvine, CA USA. [Allison, Steven D.; He, Yujie; Hopkins, Francesca; Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Batjes, Niels H.] ISRIC World Soil Informat, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Brovkin, Victor] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Carvalhais, Nuno; Sierra, Carlos A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Carvalhais, Nuno] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Ciencias & Engn Ambiente, CENSE, Caparica, Portugal. [Chappell, Adrian] CSIRO Land & Water Natl Res Flagship, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Ciais, Philippe; Guenet, Bertrand] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Davidson, Eric A.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD USA. [Finzi, Adrien C.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Georgiou, Katerina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Georgiou, Katerina; Koven, Charlie; Torn, Margaret] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hararuk, Oleksandra] Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jones, Chris D.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Lara, Mark J.; McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [McGuire, A. David] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Parton, William] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Salazar, Alejandro] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Smith, Matthew J.] Microsoft Res, Sci Computat Lab, Cambridge, England. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Todd-Brown, Katherine E. O.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [van Groenigen, Kees Jan] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Wang, Ying Ping] CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [West, Tristram O.] Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Wei, Yaxing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wieder, William R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Xia, Jianyang] E China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Xu, Xia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Xu, Xiaofeng] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Zhou, Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Luo, YQ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Luo, YQ (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yluo@ou.edu RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Liang, Junyi/H-3203-2016; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Batjes, Niels/F-7195-2010; Allison, Steven/E-2978-2010; Xu, Xiaofeng/B-2391-2008; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014; wang, yp/A-9765-2011; He, Yujie/E-2514-2017; Ahlstrom, Anders/F-3215-2017; OI Liang, Junyi/0000-0001-8252-5502; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Batjes, Niels/0000-0003-2367-3067; Allison, Steven/0000-0003-4629-7842; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514; He, Yujie/0000-0001-8261-5399; Ahlstrom, Anders/0000-0003-1642-0037; van groenigen, kees jan/0000-0002-9165-3925; WIEDER, WILLIAM/0000-0001-7116-1985 FU United States National Science Foundation Research Coordination (RCN) grant [DEB 0840964]; Department of Energy [DE SC0008270]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006982, DE-SC0008270, DE-SC0014062, DE-SC0004601, DE-SC0010715]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0840964, DBI 0850290, EPS 0919466, EF 1137293]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Program [GA01101]; [UID/AMB/04085/2013] FX The paper stemmed from a workshop "Representing soil carbon dynamics in global land models to improve future IPCC assessments" held at Breckenridge, CO, USA on 12-14 June 2014. The workshop was financially supported by the United States National Science Foundation Research Coordination (RCN) grant DEB 0840964 and Department of Energy DE SC0008270. Y.L. was financially supported by U.S. Department of Energy grants DE-SC0006982, DE-SC0008270, DE-SC0014062, DE-SC0004601, and DE-SC0010715 and U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DBI 0850290, EPS 0919466, DEB 0840964, and EF 1137293; N.C. by Project UID/AMB/04085/2013; CDJ by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Program (GA01101). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Please contact the corresponding author at yluo@ou.edu for details of the data used in this work. NR 149 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 36 U2 74 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 40 EP 56 DI 10.1002/2015GB005239 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7HR UT WOS:000372964300003 ER PT J AU Glenney, GW Barbash, PA Coll, JA AF Glenney, Gavin W. Barbash, Patricia A. Coll, John A. TI Initial Detection and Molecular Characterization of Namaycush Herpesvirus (Salmonid Herpesvirus 5) in Lake Trout SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMA; ETIOLOGY; SALAR AB A novel herpesvirus was found by molecular methods in samples of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, and Lake Ontario, Keuka Lake, and Lake Otsego, New York. Based on PCR amplification and partial sequencing of polymerase, terminase, and glycoprotein genes, a number of isolates were identified as a novel virus, which we have named Namaycush herpesvirus (NamHV) salmonid herpesvirus 5 (SalHV5). Phylogenetic analyses of three NamHV genes indicated strong clustering with other members of the genus Salmonivirus, placing these isolates into family Alloherpesviridae. The NamHV isolates were identical in the three partially sequenced genes; however, they varied from other salmonid herpesviruses in nucleotide sequence identity. In all three of the genes sequenced, NamHV shared the highest sequence identity with Atlantic Salmon papillomatosis virus (ASPV; SalHV4) isolated from Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar in northern Europe, including northwestern Russia. These results lead one to believe that NamHV and ASPV have a common ancestor that may have made a relatively recent host jump from Atlantic Salmon to Lake Trout or vice versa. Partial nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and ASPV for the polymerase and glycoprotein genes differ by >5% and >10%, respectively. Additional nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (EEDV/SalHV3) in the terminase, glycoprotein, and polymerase genes differ by >5%, >20%, and >10%, respectively. Thus, NamHV and EEDV may be occupying discrete ecological niches in Lake Trout. Even though NamHV shared the highest genetic identity with ASPV, each of these viruses has a separate host species, which also implies speciation. Additionally, NamHV has been detected over the last 4 years in four separate water bodies across two states, which suggests that NamHV is a distinct, naturally replicating lineage. This, in combination with a divergence in nucleotide sequence from EEDV, indicates that NamHV is a new species in the genus Salmonivirus. C1 [Glenney, Gavin W.; Barbash, Patricia A.; Coll, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Glenney, GW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM gavin_glenney@fws.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1080/08997659.2015.1111270 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DH7IW UT WOS:000372968000006 PM 26980431 ER PT J AU Glenney, GW Barbash, PA Coll, JA AF Glenney, Gavin W. Barbash, Patricia A. Coll, John A. TI A Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection and Quantification of Epizootic Epitheliotropic Disease Virus (EEDV; Salmonid Herpesvirus 3) SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ATLANTIC SALMON; ETIOLOGY; FISH; PCR AB Epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (EEDV; salmonid herpesvirus [SalHV3]; family Alloherpesviridae) causes a systemic disease of juvenile and yearling Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush. No cell lines are currently available for the culture and propagation of EEDV, so primary diagnosis is limited to PCR and electron microscopy. To better understand the pervasiveness of EEDV (carrier or latent state of infection) in domesticated and wild Lake Trout populations, we developed a sensitive TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect the presence of the EEDV terminase gene in Lake Trout tissues. This assay was able to detect a linear standard curve over nine logs of plasmid dilution and was sensitive enough to detect single-digit copies of EEDV. The efficiency of the PCR assay was 99.4 +/- 0.06% (mean +/- SD), with a 95% confidence limit of 0.0296 (R-2 = 0.994). Methods were successfully applied to collect preliminary data from a number of species and water bodies in the states of Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont, indicating that EEDV is more common in wild fish than previously known. In addition, through the development of this qPCR assay, we detected EEDV in a new salmonid species, the Cisco Coregonus artedi. The qPCR assay was unexpectedly able to detect two additional herpesviruses, the Atlantic Salmon papillomatosis virus (ASPV; SalHV4) and the Namaycush herpesvirus (NamHV; SalHV5), which both share high sequence identity with the EEDV terminase gene. With these unexpected findings, we subsequently designed three primer sets to confirm initial TaqMan qPCR assay positives and to differentiate among EEDV, ASPV, and NamHV by detecting the glycoprotein genes via SYBR Green qPCR. C1 [Glenney, Gavin W.; Barbash, Patricia A.; Coll, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Glenney, GW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM gavin_glenney@fws.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [GLFT 2014.1455]; Michigan State University FX We thank the field collection crews from the New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, and USFWS. Further help was provided by Meredith Bartron, Shannon Julian, and John Sweka (USFWS Conservation Genetics Laboratory, Lamar, Pennsylvania) with sequencing and statistics. We also thank Kirsten Malm and Scott Weber (University of California, Davis), who kindly provided EEDV-positive Lake Trout skin. We are grateful to Tom B. Waltzek (University of Florida) and Andor Doszpoly (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) for supplying the SalHV4 gDNA. This work was made possible through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and was supported by a grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (title: Re-Emergence of Epizootic Epitheliotropic Disease Virus: Potential Effects and Development of Improved Diagnostics and Control Measures; GLFT 2014.1455) through a subcontract agreement with Michigan State University. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USFWS. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1080/08997659.2015.1121935 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DH7IW UT WOS:000372968000007 PM 26980561 ER PT J AU Dawson, P Chouet, B Pitt, A AF Dawson, Phillip Chouet, Bernard Pitt, Andrew TI Tomographic image of a seismically active volcano: Mammoth Mountain, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; MAGMATIC UNREST; BENEATH; CO2; CRUSTAL; RADIOCARBON; EARTHQUAKES; MIGRATION AB High-resolution tomographic P wave, S wave, and V-P/V-S velocity structure models are derived for Mammoth Mountain, California, using phase data from the Northern California Seismic Network and a temporary deployment of broadband seismometers. An anomalous volume (5.1 x 10(9) to 5.9 x 10(10) m(3)) of low P and low S wave velocities is imaged beneath Mammoth Mountain, extending from near the surface to a depth of similar to 2 km below sea level. We infer that the reduction in seismic wave velocities is due to the presence of CO2 distributed in oblate spheroid pores with mean aspect ratio alpha = 1.6 x 10(-3) to 7.9 x 10-3 (crack-like pores) and mean gas volume fraction phi = 8.1 x 10(-4) to 3.4 x 10(-3). The pore density parameter kappa = 3 phi/(4 pi alpha) = na(3) = 0.11, where n is the number of pores per cubic meter and a is the mean pore equatorial radius. The total mass of CO2 is estimated to be 4.6 x 10(9) to 1.9 x 10(11) kg. The local geological structure indicates that the CO2 contained in the pores is delivered to the surface through fractures controlled by faults and remnant foliation of the bedrock beneath Mammoth Mountain. The total volume of CO2 contained in the reservoir suggests that given an emission rate of 500 tons day(-1), the reservoir could supply the emission of CO2 for similar to 25-1040 years before depletion. Continued supply of CO2 from an underlying magmatic system would significantly prolong the existence of the reservoir. C1 [Dawson, Phillip; Chouet, Bernard; Pitt, Andrew] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dawson, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dawson@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 114 EP 133 DI 10.1002/2015JB012537 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8UU UT WOS:000373073200008 ER PT J AU Lyons, JJ Haney, MM Werner, C Kelly, P Patrick, M Kern, C Trusdell, F AF Lyons, John J. Haney, Matthew M. Werner, Cynthia Kelly, Peter Patrick, Matthew Kern, Christoph Trusdell, Frank TI Long period seismicity and very long period infrasound driven by shallow magmatic degassing at Mount Pagan, Mariana Islands SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID KUSATSU-SHIRANE VOLCANO; PHASE-WEIGHTED STACKING; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; ST-HELENS; STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES; SOURCE MECHANISM; REDOUBT VOLCANO; SINGLE FORCE; ERUPTION AB Long period (LP) seismicity and very long period infrasound (iVLP) were recorded during continuous degassing from Mount Pagan, Mariana Islands, in July 2013 to January 2014. The frequency content of the LP and iVLP events and delay times between the two arrivals were remarkably stable and indicate nearly co-located sources. Using phase-weighted stacking over similar events to dampen noise, we find that the LP source centroid is located 60m below and 180m west of the summit vent. The moment tensor reveals a volumetric source modeled as resonance of a subhorizontal sill intersecting a dike. We model the seismoacoustic wavefields with a coupled earth-air 3-D finite difference code. The ratios of pressure to velocity measured at the infrasound arrays are an order of magnitude larger than the synthetic ratios, so the iVLP is not the result of LP energy transmitting into the atmosphere at its epicenter. Based on crater shape and dimensions determined by structure from motion, we model the iVLP as acoustic resonance of an exponential horn. The source of the continuous plume from gas analysis is shallow magmatic degassing, which repeatedly pressurized the dike-sill portion of the conduit over the 7 months of observation. Periodic gas release caused the geologically controlled sill to partially collapse and resonate, while venting of gas at the surface triggered resonance in the crater. LP degassing only accounts for similar to 12% of total degassing, indicating that most degassing is relatively aseismic and that multiple active pathways exist beneath the vent. C1 [Lyons, John J.; Haney, Matthew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Werner, Cynthia; Kelly, Peter; Kern, Christoph] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Patrick, Matthew; Trusdell, Frank] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI USA. RP Lyons, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. EM jlyons@usgs.gov FU USGS Volcano Hazards Program; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; National Science Foundation [EAR-0552316]; Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration FX The USGS Volcano Hazards Program, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program funded this work. We gratefully acknowledge field support from John Paskievitch, Cyrus Read, Maurice Sako, Juan Camacho, and the government of the Common Wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. We would like to thank Rick Wessels for processing the FLIR data, Dave Aldridge for the access to the seismoacoustic FD code, and David Fee for help in designing the infrasound array geometries. Phil Dawson and two anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments that improved the paper. Digitizers and solar power systems were provided by the PASSCAL facility of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) through the PASSCAL Instrument Center at New Mexico Tech. The IRIS Consortium is supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-0552316 and by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration. Data are available through the USGS and the IRIS Data Management Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 188 EP 209 DI 10.1002/2015JB012490 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8UU UT WOS:000373073200012 ER PT J AU Bender, AM Amos, CB Bierman, P Rood, DH Staisch, L Kelsey, H Sherrod, B AF Bender, Adrian M. Amos, Colin B. Bierman, Paul Rood, Dylan H. Staisch, Lydia Kelsey, Harvey Sherrod, Brian TI Differential uplift and incision of the Yakima River terraces, central Washington State SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; SEATTLE FAULT ZONE; LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; ACTIVE TECTONICS; EASTERN WASHINGTON; SADDLE MOUNTAINS; COLORADO RIVER; AMS STANDARDS; RATES AB The fault-related Yakima folds deform Miocene basalts and younger deposits of the Columbia Plateau in central Washington State. Geodesy implies similar to 2mm/yr of NNE directed shortening across the folds, but until now the distribution and rates of Quaternary deformation among individual structures has been unclear. South of Ellensburg, Washington, the Yakima River cuts a similar to 600m deep canyon across several Yakima folds, preserving gravel-mantled strath terraces that record progressive bedrock incision and related rock uplift. Here we integrate cosmogenic isochron burial dating of the strath terrace gravels with lidar analysis and field mapping to quantify rates of Quaternary differential incision and rock uplift across two folds transected by the Yakima River: Manastash and Umtanum Ridge. Isochron burial ages from in situ produced Al-26 and Be-10 at seven sites across the folds date episodes of strath terrace formation over the past similar to 2.9Ma. Average bedrock incision rates across the Manastash (similar to 88m/Myr) and Umtanum Ridge (similar to 46m/Myr) anticlines are roughly 4 to 8 times higher than rates in the intervening syncline (similar to 14 m/Myr) and outside the canyon (similar to 10m/Myr). These contrasting rates demonstrate differential bedrock incision driven by ongoing Quaternary rock uplift across the folds at rates corresponding to similar to 0.13 and similar to 0.06mm/yr shortening across postulated master faults dipping 30 +/- 10 degrees S beneath the Manastash and Umtanum Ridge anticlines, respectively. The reported Quaternary shortening across the anticlines accounts for similar to 10% of the similar to 2mm/yr geodetic budget, suggesting that other Yakima structures actively accommodate the remaining contemporary deformation. C1 [Bender, Adrian M.; Amos, Colin B.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Bierman, Paul] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT USA. [Bierman, Paul] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. [Rood, Dylan H.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England. [Rood, Dylan H.] Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, E Kilbride, Lanark, Scotland. [Staisch, Lydia] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kelsey, Harvey] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bender, AM (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM abender@usgs.gov RI Amos, Colin/B-2397-2008 OI Amos, Colin/0000-0002-3862-9344 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program [G14AP00050, G14AP00054, G14AP00055]; Geological Society of America and Western Washington University; USGS Earthquake Hazards Project FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program award number (C. Amos, G14AP00050), (P. Bierman, G14AP00054), and (D. Rood, G14AP00055), as well as graduate student research grants from the Geological Society of America and Western Washington University awarded to A. Bender. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Project supported A. Bender during final revisions of this manuscript. Base hillshade and topographic maps for Figures 1 and 2 were derived from Washington 10m DEM (http://gis.ess.washington.edu/data/raster/tenmeter/byquad/). Fault linework and bedrock geology used in Figures 1 and 2 were available at (http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ResearchScience/Topics/GeosciencesData/Pages/gis_ data.aspx). The lidar data set used in this study is freely available through the OpenTopography web portal (doi:10.5069/G9KW5CXQ). Supporting cosmogenic geochemistry data are included in the supporting information Table S1. The MATLAB scripts and input files necessary to recreate the isochrons in this paper are available from the corresponding author on request (abender@usgs.gov). Channel width data are generated by S. Sorsby and available online in Appendix E supporting information (part I) at http://www.hanford.gov/page.cfm/OfficialDocuments/HSPSHA. We are grateful to G. DeLuca and O. Mayer for their hospitality; Z. DeLuca, M. Holland, and K. Frank for their help in the field; and V. Sosa-Gonzales, L. Corbett, T. Neilson, and B. DeJong for their guidance in the lab. We thank landowners in the Yakima River canyon for granting access to their property. This manuscript benefitted from constructive reviews by L. Schermer, J. O'Connor, S.E.K. Bennett, K. Wegmann, and one anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 365 EP 384 DI 10.1002/2015JB012303 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8UU UT WOS:000373073200021 ER PT J AU Aeby, G Tribollet, A Lasne, G Work, T AF Aeby, Greta Tribollet, Aline Lasne, Gregory Work, Thierry TI Assessing threats from coral and crustose coralline algae disease on the reefs of New Caledonia SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CCA disease; coral disease; ecological impact of coral disease; endolithic hypermycosis; growth anomalies; trematode infection; white syndrome ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; MONTIPORA WHITE SYNDROME; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; INDO-PACIFIC; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STONY CORALS; DYNAMICS; PORITES AB The present study reports the results of the first quantitative survey of lesions on coral and crustose coralline algae (CCA) on reefs in the lagoon of New Caledonia. Surveys on inshore and offshore reefs were conducted at 13 sites in 2010, with 12 sites resurveyed in 2013. Thirty coral diseases affecting 15 coral genera were found, with low overall disease prevalence (<1%). This study extends the known distribution of growth anomalies to the coral genera Platygyra and Hydnophora, endolithic hypermycosis to Platygyra, Leptoria and Goniastrea and extends the geographic range of three CCA diseases. We found the first trematode infection in Porites outside of Hawaii. Disease prevalence differed among coral genera, with Porites having more lesions, and Acropora and Montipora fewer lesions, than expected on the basis of field abundance. Inshore reefs had a lower coral-colony density, species diversity and reduced CCA cover than did the offshore reefs. Disease prevalence was significantly higher on inshore reefs in 2013 than in 2010, but did not change on offshore reefs. The potential ecological impact of individual coral diseases was assessed using an integrative-scoring and relative-ranking scheme based on average frequency of occurrence, prevalence and estimated degree of virulence. The top-five ranked diseases were all tissue-loss diseases. C1 [Aeby, Greta] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Tribollet, Aline] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, MNHN,IRD France Nord,IRD,LOCEAN Lab, 32 Ave Henri Varagnat, F-93143 Bondy, France. [Lasne, Gregory] BIOCENOSE MARINE Sarl, Ctr IRD Noumea, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Work, Thierry] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Aeby, G (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM greta@hawaii.edu FU South Pacific Center (CPS) through the program CRISP (Coral Reef Initiative in the Pacific); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Aquarium de Noumea; Centre d'Initiation a l'Environnement FX The South Pacific Center (CPS) through the program CRISP (Coral Reef Initiative in the Pacific) funded this study in 2010, and the French Ministry of Ecology through the program IFRECOR (Initiative Franc, aise pour les Recifs Coralliens) in 2013. We also deeply thank the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) for its financial support in 2013. We thank the Center of IRD of Noumea for allowing us to use IRD boat and diving facilities. We thank Miguel Clarque, Philippe Naudin, Samuel Tereua, Eric Folcher, Bertrand Bourgeois and Armelle Renaud for their help. We also thank the local authorities for delivering permits of collection and the Aquarium de Noumea (Richard Farmann) and the Centre d'Initiation a l'Environnement for their support and help. Mention of products or trade names do not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 4 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1071/MF14151 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DI1YP UT WOS:000373293200006 ER PT J AU Erwin, JA Fitak, RR Dwyer, JF Morrison, JL Culver, M AF Erwin, John A. Fitak, Robert R. Dwyer, James F. Morrison, Joan L. Culver, Melanie TI Molecular detection of bacteria in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in northern crested caracaras (Caracara cheriway) SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia felis; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Caracara cheriway; Tick-borne disease; Nested PCR ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; SPOTTED-FEVER; FELIS; ACARI; IXODIDAE; AGENT; PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; TRANSMISSION AB Bacterial pathogens of the families Anaplasmataceae and Rickettsiaceae are often spread to humans or other animals from bites from infected arthropod hosts. Recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated migratory birds in the circulation of these pathogens through the spread of arthropod vectors. However, few studies have examined the potential for resident bird populations to serve as reservoirs for these zoonoses. In this study, we used nested PCRs of the GroESL and 17 kDa genes to screen for Anaplasmataceae and Rickettsiaceae, respectively, in a resident population of the northern crested caracara (Caracara cheriway) from Florida (n = 55). Additionally, a small number (n = 6) of captive individuals from Texas were included. We identified one individual (1.64%) positive for Rickettsia felis and one (1.64%) positive for Ehrlichia chaffeensis; both these individuals were from Florida. Presence of these pathogens demonstrates that these birds are potential hosts; however, the low prevalence of infections suggests that these populations likely do not function as an ecological reservoir. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Erwin, John A.; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Grad Interdisciplinary Program Genet, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fitak, Robert R.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Dwyer, James F.] EDM Int Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Morrison, Joan L.] Trinity Coll, Dept Biol, 300 Summit St, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Erwin, John A.] Univ Arizona, James E Rogers Coll Law, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Erwin, JA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Grad Interdisciplinary Program Genet, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Erwin, JA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, James E Rogers Coll Law, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jaerwin@email.arizona.edu FU Arizona Biological and Biomedical Sciences (ABBS) Program FX We sincerely thank D. Kelly for discussions and providing control DNA samples. We also thank E. Vaughn for extracting the DNA samples. We'd also like to thank the Arizona Biological and Biomedical Sciences (ABBS) Program for funding for personnel during the completion of this project. We thank the Audubon Center for Birds of Prey (Maitland, FL) for training in extracting blood from wild caracaras, and the MacArthur Agro-ecology Research Center (Lake Placid, FL) for supporting field work while trapping caracaras. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X EI 1877-9603 J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.01.015 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA DH6ZT UT WOS:000372941300012 PM 26837860 ER PT J AU Tashie, AM Mirus, BB Pavelsky, TM AF Tashie, Arik M. Mirus, Benjamin B. Pavelsky, Tamlin M. TI Identifying long-term empirical relationships between storm characteristics and episodic groundwater recharge SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE BALANCE; NORTH CHINA PLAIN; LAND-COVER CHANGE; WATER-TABLE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; IRRIGATED CROPLAND; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CATCHMENT; YIELD; FLOW AB Shallow aquifers are an important source of water resources and provide base flow to streams; yet actual rates of groundwater recharge are difficult to estimate. While climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme precipitation events, the resulting impact on groundwater recharge remains poorly understood. We quantify empirical relations between precipitation characteristics and episodic groundwater recharge for a wide variety of geographic and land use types across North Carolina. We extract storm duration, magnitude, average rate, and hourly weighted intensity from long-term precipitation records over periods of 12-35 years at 10 locations. Using time series of water table fluctuations from nearby monitoring wells, we estimate relative recharge to precipitation ratios (RPR) to identify statistical trends. Increased RPR correlates with increased storm duration, whereas RPR decreases with increasing magnitude, average rate, and intensity of precipitation. Agricultural and urban areas exhibit the greatest decrease in RPR due to increasing storm magnitude, average rate, and intensity, while naturally vegetated areas exhibit a larger increase in RPR with increased storm duration. Though RPR is generally higher during the winter than the summer, this seasonal effect is magnified in the Appalachian and Piedmont regions. These statistical trends provide valuable insights into the likely consequences of climate and land use change for water resources in subtropical climates. If, as predicted, growing seasons lengthen and the intensity of storms increases with a warming climate, decreased recharge in Appalachia, the Piedmont, and rapidly growing urban areas of the American Southeast could further limit groundwater availability. C1 [Tashie, Arik M.; Mirus, Benjamin B.; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mirus, Benjamin B.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Mirus, BB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA.; Mirus, BB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. EM bbmirus@usgs.gov OI Mirus, Benjamin/0000-0001-5550-014X FU Martin Fund in the Department of Geological Sciences at UNC Chapel Hill FX This work was completed while the first author was supported in part by the Martin Fund in the Department of Geological Sciences at UNC Chapel Hill. The precipitation data are available through the NOAA Climate Data Online Program: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/, and the water-level data are available through the USGS Water Information System: http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/gw. We are grateful to Melinda Chapman and Douglas Smith (USGS, Raleigh) for promptly providing the raw water-level data. Lara Mitchell (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento) provided a commented copy of the EMR code. John Nimmo (USGS, Menlo Park) provided invaluable suggestions and constructive feedback on earlier versions of this work. We also appreciate the constructive comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1002/2015WR017876 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH9LO UT WOS:000373117800002 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Tesoriero, AJ Capel, PD Pellerin, BA Hyer, KE Burns, DA AF Miller, Matthew P. Tesoriero, Anthony J. Capel, Paul D. Pellerin, Brian A. Hyer, Kenneth E. Burns, Douglas A. TI Quantifying watershed-scale groundwater loading and in-stream fate of nitrate using high-frequency water quality data SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BASEFLOW SEPARATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; HEADWATER STREAMS; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN-CYCLE; ORGANIC-CARBON; DENITRIFICATION AB We describe a new approach that couples hydrograph separation with high-frequency nitrate data to quantify time-variable groundwater and runoff loading of nitrate to streams, and the net in-stream fate of nitrate at the watershed scale. The approach was applied at three sites spanning gradients in watershed size and land use in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Results indicate that 58-73% of the annual nitrate load to the streams was groundwater-discharged nitrate. Average annual first-order nitrate loss rate constants (k) were similar to those reported in both modeling and in-stream process-based studies, and were greater at the small streams (0.06 and 0.22 day(-1)) than at the large river (0.05 day(-1)), but 11% of the annual loads were retained/lost in the small streams, compared with 23% in the large river. Larger streambed area to water volume ratios in small streams results in greater loss rates, but shorter residence times in small streams result in a smaller fraction of nitrate loads being removed than in larger streams. A seasonal evaluation of k values suggests that nitrate was retained/lost at varying rates during the growing season. Consistent with previous studies, streamflow and nitrate concentrations were inversely related to k. This new approach for interpreting high-frequency nitrate data and the associated findings furthers our ability to understand, predict, and mitigate nitrate impacts on streams and receiving waters by providing insights into temporal nitrate dynamics that would be difficult to obtain using traditional field-based studies. C1 [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Tesoriero, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Pellerin, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hyer, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA USA. [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM mamiller@usgs.gov OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Integrated Watershed Studies program FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Integrated Watershed Studies program. We thank Jessica Hopple and Silvia Terziotti for assistance with data compilation and figure preparation. James Webber maintained the sensors and organized data collection at Smith Creek and Difficult Run. Richard Alexander assisted with estimation of travel times and provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We thank Jeannie Barlow, the Associate Editor, and an anonymous reviewer for their feedback on the manuscript. The data for this paper are publicly available at the websites referenced in the text or by contacting the corresponding author. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 16 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 330 EP 347 DI 10.1002/2015WR017753 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH9LO UT WOS:000373117800020 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Planavsky, NJ Reinhard, CT Hein, JR Johnson, TM AF Wang, Xiangli Planavsky, Noah J. Reinhard, Christopher T. Hein, James R. Johnson, Thomas M. TI A CENOZOIC SEAWATER REDOX RECORD DERIVED FROM U-238/U-235 IN FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Uranium isotopes; redox proxies; Cenozoic marine redox ID ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION FACTORS; ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT; HALF-LIVES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; NITROGEN LOSS; CARBON-CYCLE; PB ISOTOPES; BLACK-SEA; URANIUM AB Oceanic oxygen levels are projected to drop in certain areas due to warming climate, but the net effect to the overall ocean redox state is difficult to predict. Here we measured the "stable" uranium isotope composition (U-238/U-235) in globally representative hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts in order to reconstruct the redox evolution of the global ocean throughout the Cenozoic. Samples averaging similar to 3 Myr intervals have analytically indistinguishable U-238/U-235 throughout the Cenozoic. Combined with a U isotope mass balance model, we suggest that the overall ocean redox state has remained remarkably stable on million year time scales throughout the Cenozoic, despite large surface temperature fluctuations during this time. This suggests that stabilizing feedbacks (for example, nutrient limitation in low oxygen zones) may have prevented dramatic large-scale shifts in oxygen levels in the ocean. However, the Fe-Mn crust record will be unlikely to reflect rapid perturbations in ocean redox state. To investigate these events, sediment archives with faster accumulation rates and redox proxies with faster response time must be explored. C1 [Wang, Xiangli; Planavsky, Noah J.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 6666, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Reinhard, Christopher T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, PCMSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wang, Xiangli; Johnson, Thomas M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 6666, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM xiangli.wang@yale.edu FU Agouron Institute Geobiology Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; NASA Exobiology Program; Afred P. Slogan Foundation FX This work was supported by the Agouron Institute Geobiology Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, the NASA Exobiology Program, and the Afred P. Slogan Foundation. We thank Associate Editor Freidhelm von Blanckenburg, reviewer Stephen Romaniello, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments that helped improve the quality of the original manuscript. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 316 IS 1 BP 64 EP 83 DI 10.2475/01.2016.02 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH1YY UT WOS:000372582100002 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, JJ Stewart, NT Pegg, MA Pope, KL Porath, MT AF Spurgeon, Jonathan J. Stewart, Nathaniel T. Pegg, Mark A. Pope, Kevin L. Porath, Mark T. TI Using standardized fishery data to inform rehabilitation efforts SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; assessment; monitoring; rehabilitation; reservoirs ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; STREAM RESTORATION; ILLINOIS RIVER; POPULATIONS; RESERVOIRS; DESIGNS; BACI AB Lakes and reservoirs progress through an aging process often accelerated by human activities, resulting in degradation or loss of ecosystem services. Resource managers thus attempt to slow or reverse the negative effects of aging using a myriad of rehabilitation strategies. Sustained monitoring programs to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation strategies are often limited; however, long-term standardized fishery surveys may be a valuable data source from which to begin evaluation. We present 3 case studies using standardized fishery survey data to assess rehabilitation efforts stemming from the Nebraska Aquatic Habitat Plan, a large-scale program with the mission to rehabilitate waterbodies within the state. The case studies highlight that biotic responses to rehabilitation efforts can be assessed, to an extent, using standardized fishery data; however, there were specific areas where minor increases in effort would clarify the effectiveness of rehabilitation techniques. Management of lakes and reservoirs can be streamlined by maximizing the utility of such datasets to work smarter, not harder. To facilitate such efforts, we stress collecting both biotic (e.g., fish lengths and weight) and abiotic (e.g., dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity) data during standardized fishery surveys and designing rehabilitation actions with an appropriate experimental design. C1 [Spurgeon, Jonathan J.; Pegg, Mark A.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Stewart, Nathaniel T.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Porath, Mark T.] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Div Fisheries, 2200 N 33rd St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Spurgeon, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jonathan.spurgeon@huskers.unl.edu FU US Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the US Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1080/10402381.2015.1118418 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH0KD UT WOS:000372472200004 ER PT J AU Krogman, RM Miranda, LE AF Krogman, Rebecca M. Miranda, Leandro E. TI Rating US reservoirs relative to fish habitat condition SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; fish; habitat assessment; physical lake features; water quality ID WATER-QUALITY; TROPHIC STATE; LAKES; MANAGEMENT; HARVEST; AGE AB Fish habitats in many aging US reservoirs have become degraded and require broad-scale assessment to rate their status and facilitate rehabilitation efforts. To help prioritize habitat projects in reservoirs, we assembled a rating system for large reservoirs in the contiguous United States. Using responses to an online questionnaire about fish habitat impairment in 1299 large US reservoirs, we applied multivariate analyses to identify combinations of habitat impairment descriptors that quantified broad impairment types (i.e., a construct). Resulting constructs reflected point source pollution, nonpoint source pollution, excessive nutrients, algae blooms, siltation, limited nutrients, mudflats and shallowness, limited connectivity to adjacent habitats, limited littoral structure, nuisance species, anomalous water regimes, and large water level fluctuations. Scores were summed across constructs to create a composite number that rated overall reservoir habitat impairment. Construct and composite scores differed among geographic ecoregions of the United States. This rating system could provide a starting point for prioritizing reservoirs for habitat rehabilitation and enhancement projects. C1 [Krogman, Rebecca M.] Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Krogman, Rebecca M.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, 24570 US Highway 34, Chariton, IA 50049 USA. RP Krogman, RM (reprint author), Iowa Dept Nat Resources, 24570 US Highway 34, Chariton, IA 50049 USA. EM rebecca.krogman@dnr.iowa.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1080/10402381.2015.1121307 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH0KD UT WOS:000372472200005 ER PT J AU Ludwig, A Ginsberg, HS Hickling, GJ Ogden, NH AF Ludwig, Antoinette Ginsberg, Howard S. Hickling, Graham J. Ogden, Nicholas H. TI A Dynamic Population Model to Investigate Effects of Climate and Climate-Independent Factors on the Lifecycle of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; modelling; tick-borne disease; lone star tick; Amblyomma americanum ID LONE STAR TICK; LYME-DISEASE VECTOR; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ACARI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; 2 MAIN KINDS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; UNITED-STATES; RANGE EXPANSION; LABORATORY CONDITIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is a disease vector of significance for human and animal health throughout much of the eastern United States. To model the potential effects of climate change on this tick, a better understanding is needed of the relative roles of temperature-dependent and temperature-independent (day-length-dependent behavioral or morphogenetic diapause) processes acting on the tick lifecycle. In this study, we explored the roles of these processes by simulating seasonal activity patterns using models with site-specific temperature and day-length-dependent processes. We first modeled the transitions from engorged larvae to feeding nymphs, engorged nymphs to feeding adults, and engorged adult females to feeding larvae. The simulated seasonal patterns were compared against field observations at three locations in United States. Simulations suggested that 1) during the larva-to-nymph transition, some larvae undergo no diapause while others undergo morphogenetic diapause of engorged larvae; 2) molted adults undergo behavioral diapause during the transition from nymph-to-adult; and 3) there is no diapause during the adult-to-larva transition. A model constructed to simulate the full lifecycle of A. americanum successfully predicted observed tick activity at the three U.S. study locations. Some differences between observed and simulated seasonality patterns were observed, however, identifying the need for research to refine some model parameters. In simulations run using temperature data for Montreal, deterministic die-out of A. americanum populations did not occur, suggesting the possibility that current climate in parts of southern Canada is suitable for survival and reproduction of this tick. C1 [Ludwig, Antoinette; Ogden, Nicholas H.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, 3200 Sicotte CP5000, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Hickling, Graham J.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ludwig, A (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, 3200 Sicotte CP5000, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. EM antoinette.ludwig@phac-aspc.gc.ca; hginsberg@usgs.gov; ghickling@gmail.com; nicholas.ogden@phac-aspc.gc.ca FU NSF [EF-0914476] FX We thank Eric Rulison for the field sampling in New Jersey, Milka Radojevic for the access to climate data, Prof. Roger LeBrun (University of Rhode Island) for a thorough review of the paper and pertinent comments, and Prof. Michel Bigras-Poulin (University of Montreal) for his support in model code programming. Crossville data were collected by Jessica Harmon and Cathy Scott (University of Tennessee). Winchester data were collected by Richard Gerhold, Lauren Maestas and other field assistants supported by the NSF "Lyme Gradients Project" award EF-0914476 funding to G.J.H. Dr. Lisa Muller arrange for us to collect ticks from deer during the special March hunt at Winchester. We thank the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency for sampling permits and access to our Winchester and Crossville sites. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 99 EP 115 DI 10.1093/jme/tjv150 PG 17 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA DG2OU UT WOS:000371907700012 PM 26502753 ER PT B AU Fitzgerald, DG Zhu, B Mills, EL Rudstam, LG Hoskins, SB Haddad, DE Burtch, NR Coleman, JTH Crabtree, DL AF Fitzgerald, Dean G. Zhu, Bin Mills, Edward L. Rudstam, Lars G. Hoskins, Susan B. Haddad, David E. Burtch, Nathan R. Coleman, Jeremy T. H. Crabtree, Darran L. BE Rudstam, LG Mills, EL Jackson, JR Stewart, DJ TI Dynamics of Aquatic Vegetation in Oneida Lake, 1915-2005: a Response to Ecosystem Changes SO ONEIDA LAKE: LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF A MANAGED ECOSYSTEM AND ITS FISHERY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTE GROWTH; ZEBRA MUSSELS; SPATIAL SCALES; SHALLOW LAKES; WATER; PHOSPHORUS; BIOMASS; HABITAT; BAY C1 [Fitzgerald, Dean G.] Premier Environm Serv, Cambridge, ON N3H 2H7, Canada. [Zhu, Bin] Univ Hartford, Dept Biol, Bio Chem Bldg 160A,200 Bloomfield Ave, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. [Mills, Edward L.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Hoskins, Susan B.] Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Haddad, David E.] Eurovision, 107 West 37th St Suite C, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Burtch, Nathan R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Coleman, Jeremy T. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Crabtree, Darran L.] Allegheny Coll, Nat Conservancy, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. RP Fitzgerald, DG (reprint author), Premier Environm Serv, Cambridge, ON N3H 2H7, Canada. EM DFitzgerald@Premiercorp.ca; zhu@hartford.edu; elm5@cornell.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu; sbh1@cornell.edu; Eurovisionopticalii@gmail.com; burtch@umd.edu; Jeremy_Coleman@fws.gov; dcrabtree@tnc.org NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-43-1 PY 2016 BP 181 EP 199 PG 19 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BE4YE UT WOS:000372210100010 ER PT B AU Coleman, JTH DeBruyne, RL Rudstam, LG Jackson, JR VanDeValk, AJ Brooking, TE Adams, CM Richmond, ME AF Coleman, Jeremy T. H. DeBruyne, Robin L. Rudstam, Lars G. Jackson, James R. VanDeValk, Anthony J. Brooking, Thomas E. Adams, Connie M. Richmond, Milo E. BE Rudstam, LG Mills, EL Jackson, JR Stewart, DJ TI Evaluating the Influence of Double-crested Cormorants on Walleye and Yellow Perch Populations in Oneida Lake, New York SO ONEIDA LAKE: LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF A MANAGED ECOSYSTEM AND ITS FISHERY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREAT-LAKES; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; ROOST HARASSMENT; EASTERN BASIN; ZEBRA MUSSELS; ROUND GOBY; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; FISHERY; IMPACTS C1 [Coleman, Jeremy T. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [DeBruyne, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rudstam, Lars G.; Jackson, James R.; VanDeValk, Anthony J.; Brooking, Thomas E.] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Adams, Connie M.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, 270 Michigan Ave, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Richmond, Milo E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Coleman, JTH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM Jeremy_Coleman@fws.gov; rld87@cornell.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu; jrj26@cornell.edu; ajv6@cornell.edu; teb1@cornell.edu; connie.adams@dec.ny.gov; mrichmond2@tweny.rr.com NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-43-1 PY 2016 BP 397 EP 424 PG 28 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BE4YE UT WOS:000372210100019 ER PT J AU Hall, EK Schoolmaster, DR Amado, AM Stets, EG Lennon, JT Domine, LM Cotner, JB AF Hall, E. K. Schoolmaster, D. R., Jr. Amado, A. M. Stets, E. G. Lennon, J. T. Domine, L. M. Cotner, J. B. TI Scaling relationships among drivers of aquatic respiration in temperate lakes: from the smallest to the largest freshwater ecosystems SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE aquatic respiration; ecosystem size; lake area; planktonic respiration; scaling; watershed area ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BACTERIOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL METABOLISM; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; INLAND WATERS; GROWTH-RATES; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENTS; RESOURCES; ABUNDANCE AB To address how various environmental parameters control or constrain planktonic respiration (PR), we used geometric scaling relationships and established biological scaling laws to derive quantitative predictions for the relationships among key drivers of PR. We then used empirical measurements of PR and environmental (soluble reactive phosphate [SRP], carbon [DOC], chlorophyll a [Chl-a)], and temperature) and landscape parameters (lake area [LA] and watershed area [WA]) from a set of 44 lakes that varied in size and trophic status to test our hypotheses. We found that landscape-level processes affected PR through direct effects on DOC and temperature and indirectly via SRP. In accordance with predictions made from known relationships and scaling laws, scale coefficients (the parameter that describes the shape of a relationship between 2 variables) were found to be negative and have an absolute value <1. Biological parameters scaled positively with physical and chemical processes in accordance with those predicted from theory or previous studies (i.e., temperature >1, others <1). We also found evidence of a significant relationship between temperature and SRP. Because our dataset included measurements of respiration from small pond catchments to the largest body of freshwater on the planet, Lake Superior, these findings should be applicable to controls of PR for the great majority of temperate aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Hall, E. K.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schoolmaster, D. R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Amado, A. M.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Limnol Lab, Dept Oceanog & Limnol, Posgrad Ecol, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil. [Stets, E. G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Lennon, J. T.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. [Domine, L. M.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN USA. [Cotner, J. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hall, EK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ed.hall@colostate.edu RI Hall, Ed/C-6013-2014; Amado, Andre/H-8727-2013; OI Amado, Andre/0000-0002-7736-8802; Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196; Schoolmaster, Donald/0000-0003-0910-4458 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0527196, DEB-0842441, DEB-0519041] FX AMA and JBC are thankful to the R/V Blue Heron Crew for field help and AMA to CNPq-Brazil for the SPS. A portion of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number OCE-0527196, DEB-0842441 to JTL and SEJ; and DEB-0519041 and OCE-0527196 to JBC. J. Clasen, H. Hendrixson, K. Land, S. Thompson, A. Warren, D. Weeedman, and M. Zylstra provided invaluable assistance with sampling and fieldwork. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 EI 2044-205X J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.5268/IW-6.1.839 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DG1EW UT WOS:000371809400001 ER PT J AU Shakesby, RA Moody, JA Martin, DA Robichaud, PR AF Shakesby, Richard A. Moody, John A. Martin, Deborah A. Robichaud, Peter R. TI Synthesising empirical results to improve predictions of post-wildfire runoff and erosion response SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE ash; climate change; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; overland flow; precipitation; scale ID SOIL-EROSION; DEBRIS FLOWS; RAINFALL; FOREST; FIRE; INFILTRATION; ASH AB Advances in research into wildfire impacts on runoff and erosion have demonstrated increasing complexity of controlling factors and responses, which, combined with changing fire frequency, present challenges for modellers. We convened a conference attended by experts and practitioners in post-wildfire impacts, meteorology and related research, including modelling, to focus on priority research issues. The aim was to improve our understanding of controls and responses and the predictive capabilities of models. This conference led to the eight selected papers in this special issue. They address aspects of the distinctiveness in the controls and responses among wildfire regions, spatiotemporal rainfall variability, infiltration, runoff connectivity, debris flow formation and modelling applications. Here we summarise key findings from these papers and evaluate their contribution to improving understanding and prediction of post-wildfire runoff and erosion under changes in climate, human intervention and population pressure on wildfire-prone areas. C1 [Shakesby, Richard A.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Robichaud, Peter R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Shakesby, RA (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM r.a.shakesby@swansea.ac.uk FU US Geological Survey; US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Joint Fire Science Program; Nature Conservancy; Paige Lewis; Decagon Services; National Science Foundation; American Geophysical Union; College of Science, Swansea University FX The effort to make improvements in predicting post-wildfire responses is not trivial, but this initial step was the result of support from the US Geological Survey, US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Joint Fire Science Program, The Nature Conservancy, and particularly Paige Lewis, Decagon Services, National Science Foundation, American Geophysical Union, and College of Science, Swansea University. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1071/WF16021 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400001 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Ebel, BA Nyman, P Martin, DA Stoof, CR McKinley, R AF Moody, John A. Ebel, Brian A. Nyman, Petter Martin, Deborah A. Stoof, Cathelijne R. McKinley, Randy TI Relations between soil hydraulic properties and burn severity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; infiltration; sorptivity; wildfire ID POST-WILDFIRE SOILS; WATER REPELLENCY; INFILTRATION EQUATION; FIRE; RUNOFF; EROSION; FLOW; ASH; HYDROPHOBICITY; INFILTROMETER AB Wildfire can affect soil hydraulic properties, often resulting in reduced infiltration. The magnitude of change in infiltration varies depending on the burn severity. Quantitative approaches to link burn severity with changes in infiltration are lacking. This study uses controlled laboratory measurements to determine relations between a remotely sensed burn severity metric (dNBR, change in normalised burn ratio) and soil hydraulic properties (SHPs). SHPs were measured on soil cores collected from an area burned by the 2013 Black Forest fire in Colorado, USA. Six sites with the same soil type were selected across a range of burn severities, and 10 random soil cores were collected from each site within a 30-m diameter circle. Cumulative infiltration measurements were made in the laboratory using a tension infiltrometer to determine field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, K-fs, and sorptivity, S. These measurements were correlated with dNBR for values ranging from 124 (low severity) to 886 (high severity). SHPs were related to dNBR by inverse functions for specific conditions of water repellency (at the time of sampling) and soil texture. Both functions had a threshold value for dNBR between 124 and 420, where K-fs and S were unchanged and equal to values for soil unaffected by fire. For dNBRs > similar to 420, the K-fs was an exponentially decreasing function of dNBR and S was a linearly decreasing function of dNBR. These initial quantitative empirical relations provide a first step to link SHPs to burn severity, and can be used in quantitative infiltration models to predict post-wildfire infiltration and resulting runoff. C1 [Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ebel, Brian A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Nyman, Petter] Univ Melbourne, Dept Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Stoof, Cathelijne R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Stoof, Cathelijne R.] Wageningen Univ, Soil Geog & Landscape Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [McKinley, Randy] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU National Science Foundation; Nature Conservancy FX We especially wish to acknowledge the National Audubon Society, whose onsite manager, Justin Pepper, gave us access to a large burned area with a gradient in burn severity that allowed us to sample on one property without having to obtain permission from multiple property owners. The measurements were definitely a team effort by the authors and by other participants in the 2013 AGU Chapman Conference, 'Synthesising Empirical Results to Improve Predictions of Post-Wildfire Runoff and Erosion Response': (1) Rick Shakesby, Victoria Stempniewicz, Amanda Martens and Chris Williams; (2) Pete Robichaud, Artemi Cerda, Stefan Doerr, Lea Wittenberg and Dan Malkinson; (3) Vicky Balfour, Christina Santin and Peter Jordan; (4) Christoph Langhans, Rene Van der Sant, Diana Vieira and Mary Ellen Miller; (5) Merche Bodi, Ryan Bart, Jing Tao and Li Chen; (6) Sandra Ryan-Burkett, Pete Wohlgemuth and Jason Williams; (7) Karletta Chief, Charles Ichoku, David Scott and Rose Shillito; (8) Francis Rengers, Brian Sheppard and Ann Youberg; (9) Gary Sheridan, Charlie Luce, Joe Wagenbrenner and Greg Bevenger. David Kinner made numerous and careful mini disk measurements while perched on dry, steep raveling slopes in the Verdugo Mountains burned by the 2005 Harvard fire. Travel for some Chapman conference participants was funded in part by the National Science Foundation and The Nature Conservancy. We also greatly appreciate the repeated efforts of the Associate Editor who helped us to produce a concise and focussed scientific publication. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 17 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 279 EP 293 DI 10.1071/WF14062 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400004 ER PT J AU Stoof, CR Gevaert, AI Baver, C Hassanpour, B Morales, VL Zhang, W Martin, D Giri, SK Steenhuis, TS AF Stoof, Cathelijne R. Gevaert, Anouk I. Baver, Christine Hassanpour, Bahareh Morales, Veronica L. Zhang, Wei Martin, Deborah Giri, Shree K. Steenhuis, Tammo S. TI Can pore-clogging by ash explain post-fire runoff? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; infiltration; wildland fire ash ID SOIL-WATER-REPELLENCY; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; PARTICLE-SIZE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; COLLOID TRANSPORT; FOREST-FIRE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CAPILLARY BARRIERS; DIVERSION CAPACITY AB Ash plays an important role in controlling runoff and erosion processes after wildfire and has frequently been hypothesised to clog soil pores and reduce infiltration. Yet evidence for clogging is incomplete, as research has focussed on identifying the presence of ash in soil; the actual flow processes remain unknown. We conducted laboratory infiltration experiments coupled with microscope observations in pure sands, saturated hydraulic conductivity analysis, and interaction energy calculations, to test whether ash can clog pores (i.e. block pores such that infiltration is hampered and ponding occurs). Although results confirmed previous observations of ash washing into pores, clogging was not observed in the pure sands tested, nor were conditions found for which this does occur. Clogging by means of strong attachment of ash to sand was deemed unlikely given the negative surface charge of the two materials. Ponding due to washing in of ash was also considered improbable given the high saturated conductivity of pure ash and ash-sand mixtures. This first mechanistic step towards analysing ash transport and attachment processes in field soils therefore suggests that pore clogging by ash is unlikely to occur in sands. Discussion is provided on other mechanisms by which ash can affect post-fire hydrology. C1 [Stoof, Cathelijne R.; Gevaert, Anouk I.; Baver, Christine; Hassanpour, Bahareh; Giri, Shree K.; Steenhuis, Tammo S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stoof, Cathelijne R.] Wageningen Univ, Soil Geog & Landscape Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Gevaert, Anouk I.] Wageningen Univ, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Gevaert, Anouk I.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Earth & Climate Cluster, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Morales, Veronica L.] Abertay Univ, SIMBIOS Ctr, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland. [Morales, Veronica L.] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Zhang, Wei] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, Environm Sci & Policy Program, 1066 Bogue St, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Martin, Deborah] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St E147, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Stoof, CR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.; Stoof, CR (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Soil Geog & Landscape Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM cathelijne.stoof@wur.nl RI Morales, Veronica /C-7617-2014; OI Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-2937-1732 FU International Association of Wildland Fire Scholarship; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2013-67019-21377] FX We thank Douglas Caveney for constructing the flow chambers, Elliot Friedman for providing the wire mesh, and Xavi Ubeda, Maria do Rosario Melo da Costa and Stefan Doerr for supplying some of the wildland fire ashes, Peter J. Vermeulen and Brian Ebel for discussion, Christian Munoz for assistance with the HIROX microscope, Keith J. Lucey for proofreading, and Randall Schaetzl for determining particle size distribution of the ash. We also thank the participants of the AGU Chapman conference 'Synthesizing empirical results to improve predictions of post-wildfire runoff and erosion responses' for scenarios to test to get ash to clog pores, such as by using dry sand and raindrop impact. This work was partially supported by an International Association of Wildland Fire Scholarship (C.R.S.) and an Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive grant no. 2013-67019-21377 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 294 EP 305 DI 10.1071/WF15037 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF8QF UT WOS:000371622400005 ER PT J AU Lenz, J Grosse, G Jones, BM Anthony, KMW Bobrov, A Wulf, S Wetterich, S AF Lenz, Josefine Grosse, Guido Jones, Benjamin M. Anthony, Katey M. Walter Bobrov, Anatoly Wulf, Sabine Wetterich, Sebastian TI Mid-Wisconsin to Holocene Permafrost and Landscape Dynamics based on a Drained Lake Basin Core from the Northern Seward Peninsula, Northwest Alaska SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Beringia; palaeoenvironmental reconstruction; thermokarst lake dynamics; cryostratigraphy; tephra; bioindicators; yedoma ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; BERING LAND-BRIDGE; SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; KOTZEBUE SOUND AREA; LATE QUATERNARY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TUKTOYAKTUK COASTLANDS; PERIGLACIAL LANDSCAPE AB Permafrost-related processes drive regional landscape dynamics in the Arctic terrestrial system. A better understanding of past periods indicative of permafrost degradation and aggradation is important for predicting the future response of Arctic landscapes to climate change. Here, we used a multi-proxy approach to analyse a4m long sediment core from a drained thermokarst lake basin on the northern Seward Peninsula in western Arctic Alaska (USA). Sedimentological, biogeochemical, geochronological, micropalaeontological (ostracoda, testate amoebae) and tephra analyses were used to determine the long-term environmental Early-Wisconsin to Holocene history preserved in our core for central Beringia. Yedoma accumulation dominated throughout the Early to Late-Wisconsin but was interrupted by wetland formation from 44.5 to 41.5ka BP. The latter was terminated by the deposition of 1m of volcanic tephra, most likely originating from the South Killeak Maar eruption at about 42ka BP. Yedoma deposition continued until 22.5ka BP and was followed by a depositional hiatus in the sediment core between 22.5 and 0.23ka BP. We interpret this hiatus as due to intense thermokarst activity in the areas surrounding the site, which served as a sediment source during the Late-Wisconsin to Holocene climate transition. The lake forming the modern basin on the upland initiated around 0.23ka BP and drained catastrophically in spring 2005. The present study emphasises that Arctic lake systems and periglacial landscapes are highly dynamic and that permafrost formation as well as degradation in central Beringia was controlled by regional to global climate patterns as well as by local disturbances. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lenz, Josefine; Grosse, Guido; Wetterich, Sebastian] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Dept Periglacial Res, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Lenz, Josefine] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Anthony, Katey M. Walter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bobrov, Anatoly] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Soil Sci, Moscow 117234, Russia. [Wulf, Sabine] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Sect Climate Dynam & Landscape Evolut 5 2, Potsdam, Germany. RP Lenz, J (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Dept Periglacial Res, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM Josefine.Lenz@awi.de RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Lenz, Josefine/0000-0002-4050-3169 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01DJ14003]; NSF [ARC0732735]; NASA [NNX08AJ37G]; Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative (LCC) [WA2011-02]; University of Potsdam FX The study contributes to the Arctic Ecological Network (Arc-EcoNet) funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF Grant No. 01DJ14003). Funding was provided by the NSF (ARC0732735), the NASA (NNX08AJ37G), the Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative (LCC) (WA2011-02) and a doctoral stipend by the University of Potsdam awarded to Josefine Lenz. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 106 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1045-6740 EI 1099-1530 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 1 BP 56 EP 75 DI 10.1002/ppp.1848 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DG1LQ UT WOS:000371830000006 ER PT J AU Wills, PS Pfeiffer, T Baptiste, R Watten, B AF Wills, Paul S. Pfeiffer, Timothy Baptiste, Richard Watten, Barnaby TI Application of a fluidized bed reactor charged with aragonite for control of alkalinity, pH and carbon dioxide in marine recirculating aquaculture systems SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pH; Carbon dioxide; Control; Aragonite; Alkalinity ID SALMO-SALAR L.; WATER; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; MANAGEMENT; DESIGN; SMOLTS AB Control of alkalinity, dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO(2)), and pH are critical in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in order to maintain health and maximize growth. A small-scale prototype aragonite sand filled fluidized bed reactor was tested under varying conditions of alkalinity and dCO(2) to develop and model the response of dCO(2) across the reactor. A large-scale reactor was then incorporated into an operating marine recirculating aquaculture system to observe the reactor as the system moved toward equilibrium. The relationship between alkalinity dCO(2), and pH across the reactor are described by multiple regression equations. The change in dCO(2) across the small-scale reactor indicated a strong likelihood that an equilibrium alkalinity would be maintained by using a fluidized bed aragonite reactor. The large-scale reactor verified this observation and established equilibrium at an alkalinity of approximately 135 mg/L as CaCO3, dCO(2) of 9 mg/L, and a pH of 7.0 within 4 days that was stable during a 14 day test period. The fluidized bed aragonite reactor has the potential to simplify alkalinity and pH control, and aid in dCO(2) control in RAS design and operation. Aragonite sand, purchased in bulk, is less expensive than sodium bicarbonate and could reduce overall operating production costs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wills, Paul S.; Baptiste, Richard] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Pfeiffer, Timothy] USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pfeiffer, Timothy] Aquaculture Syst Technol LLC, 108 Ind Ave, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA. RP Wills, PS (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM pwills2@fau.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00D] FX We would like to thank CaribSea, Inc. for providing the aragonite sand used for these experiments and to Jay Adams, Gary Luisi, and, Peter Stock of FAU-HBOI for facility support. This study was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under Project No. 6225-63000-007-00D. All programs and services of the U.S. Government are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2015.10.001 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA DF4ZV UT WOS:000371362500008 ER PT B AU Miller, HM Serbina, LO Richardson, LA Ryker, SJ Newman, TR AF Miller, Holly M. Serbina, Larisa O. Richardson, Leslie A. Ryker, Sarah J. Newman, Timothy R. BE Drake, JL Kontar, YY Eichelberger, JC Rupp, TS Taylor, KM TI The Value of Earth Observations: Methods and Findings on the Value of Landsat Imagery SO COMMUNICATING CLIMATE-CHANGE AND NATURAL HAZARD RISK AND CULTIVATING RESILIENCE: CASE STUDIES FOR A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Landsat imagery; Value of information; Socioeconomic benefits; Remote sensing; Earth observations AB Data from Earth observation systems are used extensively in managing and monitoring natural resources, natural hazards, and the impacts of climate change, but the value of such data can be difficult to estimate, particularly when it is available at no cost. Assessing the socioeconomic and scientific value of these data provides a better understanding of the existing and emerging research, science, and applications related to this information and contributes to the decision-making process regarding current and future Earth observation systems. Recent USGS research on Landsat data has advanced the literature in this area by using a variety of methods to estimate value. The results of a 2012 survey of Landsat users, a 2013 requirements assessment, and a 2013 case studies of applications of Landsat imagery are discussed. C1 [Miller, Holly M.; Serbina, Larisa O.; Richardson, Leslie A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Ryker, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Climate & Land Use Change, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Newman, Timothy R.] US Geol Survey, Land Remote Sensing Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Miller, HM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM millerh@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-3-319-20161-0; 978-3-319-20160-3 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2016 VL 45 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20161-0_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-20161-0 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BE2IS UT WOS:000369387100016 ER PT J AU Hatch, JM Wiley, D Murray, KT Welch, L AF Hatch, Joshua M. Wiley, David Murray, Kimberly T. Welch, Linda TI Integrating Satellite-Tagged Seabird and Fishery-Dependent Data: A Case Study of Great Shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) and the US New England Sink Gillnet Fishery SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; great shearwater; overlap; satellite tagging; seabird AB Identifying the overlap of commercial fishing grounds and seabird habitat can suggest areas of high bycatch risk and inform management and mitigation measures. We used Bayesian state space modeling to describe the movements of 10 satellite-tagged Great Shearwaters and a bivariate kernel density technique to investigate spatial overlap with commercial fishing effort to predict areas of high bycatch in the Gulf of Maine. We then used contemporaneous fishery observer data to test the validity of our predictions, highlighting an area constituting 1% of the Gulf of Maine as having the highest bycatch risk that accounted for 50% of observed takes. Fishery observer data also provided insights into characteristics of the seabird-fishery interactions. Our results indicate that a relatively small number of satellite-tagged seabirds, when combined with fishery-dependent data, can lead to identifying high-bycatch areas, particular fishing practices that might increase risk, and fishing communities that could be targeted for education/mitigation. C1 [Hatch, Joshua M.] Integrated Stat Inc, 172 Shearwater Way, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Wiley, David] Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 01938 USA. [Murray, Kimberly T.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Welch, Linda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maine Coast Islands Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 279, Milbridge, ME 04658 USA. RP Hatch, JM (reprint author), 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM joshua.hatch@noaa.gov FU Volgenau Foundation; Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; National Marine Sanctuary Foundation FX We thank observers and staff of the Fisheries Sampling Branch, Northeast Fisheries Science Center for data collection and editing. We would also like to thank Peter Corkeron, Michael Simpkins, Andrew Rosenberg, Leigh Torres, and an anonymous reviewer who improved the quality of this manuscript. Michael Thompson, Andrew Allyn, and the crew of the NOAA R/V Auk aided the collection of shearwater data. Funding for the project was provided by the Volgenau Foundation, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, and National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1111/conl.12178 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DF3JX UT WOS:000371241200006 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Aldinger, JL Braham, MA Zimmerman, JL AF Welsh, Stuart A. Aldinger, Joni L. Braham, Melissa A. Zimmerman, Jennifer L. TI Synergistic and singular effects of river discharge and lunar illumination on dam passage of upstream migrant yellow-phase American eels SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Eels Symposium held during the Annual Meeting American-Fisheries-Society (AFS) CY AUG 18-21, 2014 CL Quebec, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc DE American eel; fish pass; migration ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; RHODE-ISLAND; FISH PASSAGE; MIGRATION; VIRGINIA; DRAINAGE; MOVEMENTS; MODELS AB Monitoring of dam passage can be useful for management and conservation assessments of American eel, particularly if passage counts can be examined over multiple years. During a 7-year study (2007-2013) of upstream migration of American eels within the lower Shenandoah River (Potomac River drainage), we counted and measured American eels at the Millville Dam eel pass, where annual study periods were determined by the timing of the eel pass installation during spring or summer and removal during fall. Daily American eel counts were analysed with negative binomial regression models, with and without a year (YR) effect, and with the following time-varying environmental covariates: river discharge of the Shenandoah River at Millville (RDM) and of the Potomac River at Point of Rocks, lunar illumination (LI), water temperature, and cloud cover. A total of 17 161 yellow-phase American eels used the pass during the seven annual periods, and length measurements were obtained from 9213 individuals (mean = 294 mmTL, s.e. = 0.49, range 183-594 mm). Data on passage counts of American eels supported an additive-effects model (YR + LI + RDM) where parameter estimates were positive for river discharge (b = 7.3, s.e. = 0.01) and negative for LI (beta = 21.9, s.e. = 0.34). Interestingly, RDM and LI acted synergistically and singularly as correlates of upstream migration of American eels, but the highest daily counts and multiple-day passage events were associated with increased RDM. Annual installation of the eel pass during late spring or summer prevented an early spring assessment, a period with higher RDM relative to those values obtained during sampling periods. Because increases in river discharge are climatically controlled events, upstream migration events of American eels within the Potomac River drainage are likely linked to the influence of climate variability on flow regime. C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Aldinger, Joni L.; Braham, Melissa A.; Zimmerman, Jennifer L.] Univ Virginia, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv052 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AE UT WOS:000371140700005 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Bacheler, NM Coggins, LG Fieberg, J AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Bacheler, Nathan M. Coggins, Lewis G., Jr. Fieberg, John TI Relating trap capture to abundance: a hierarchical state-space model applied to black sea bass (Centropristis striata) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; Bayesian analysis; black sea bass; fish traps ID SOAK TIME; SATURATION; ESCAPEMENT; ENTRY; CATCH; VIDEO; CRAB; FISHERIES; BEHAVIOR; RATES AB Traps are among the most common gears used to capture fish and crustaceans. When traps are deployed in surveys, the data gathered are often used to develop an index of abundance. However, trap catches are known to saturate over time for various reasons, such as space limitation of the gear or intraspecific interactions, and these features can dissociate the catch from local abundance. In this study, we develop a hierarchical state-space model of trap dynamics that is fit to data in a Bayesian framework. The model links trap catch to estimated local abundance, and additionally provides direct estimates of capture probability. For demonstration, we apply the model to data on black sea bass (Centropristis striata), which were collected using chevron traps combined with video cameras to give continuous-time observations of trap entries and exits. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that trap catch is generally proportional to local abundance. The model has potential application to surveys where animals not only enter a trap, but also may exit, such that the apparent trap saturation occurs because the system approaches equilibrium. C1 [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Bacheler, Nathan M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK USA. [Fieberg, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM kyle.shertzer@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 512 EP 519 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv197 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AN UT WOS:000371141600031 ER PT J AU Long, JW Ozkan-Haller, HT AF Long, J. W. Oezkan-Haller, H. T. TI Forcing and variability of nonstationary rip currents SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE rip currents; nearshore circulation; waves ID CURRENT SYSTEM; WATER AB Surface wave transformation and the resulting nearshore circulation along a section of coast with strong alongshore bathymetric gradients outside the surf zone are modeled for a consecutive 4 week time period. The modeled hydrodynamics are compared to in situ measurements of waves and currents collected during the Nearshore Canyon Experiment and indicate that for the entire range of observed conditions, the model performance is similar to other studies along this stretch of coast. Strong alongshore wave height gradients generate rip currents that are observed by remote sensing data and predicted qualitatively well by the numerical model. Previous studies at this site have used idealized scenarios to link the rip current locations to undulations in the offshore bathymetry but do not explain the dichotomy between permanent offshore bathymetric features and intermittent rip current development. Model results from the month-long simulation are used to track the formation and location of rip currents using hourly statistics, and results show that the direction of the incoming wave energy strongly controls whether rip currents form. In particular, most of the offshore wave spectra were bimodal and we find that the ratio of energy contained in each mode dictates rip current development, and the alongshore rip current position is controlled by the incident wave period. Additionally, model simulations performed with and without updating the nearshore morphology yield no significant change in the accuracy of the predicted surf zone hydrodyanmics indicating that the large-scale offshore features (e.g., submarine canyon) predominately control the nearshore wave-circulation system. C1 [Long, J. W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersuburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. T.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersuburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM jwlong@usgs.gov FU Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program [N00014-02-1-0198]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Office of Naval Research FX The authors express their gratitude to all researchers involved with the Nearshore Canyon Experiment for their contributions in collecting and processing this valuable data set. In addition, special thanks to Bill O'Reilly and the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) for furnishing measurements of and guidance regarding the offshore wave climate. The in situ observations were collected and provided by Steve Elgar and Britt Raubenheimer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution PVLAB and Bob Guza at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Rob Holman and the Coastal Imaging Laboratory were responsible for collecting and providing the Argus data. We also thank Tom Lippman for collection of the bathymetric surveys. Jenna Brown, two anonymous reviewers, and the journal editors all provided valuable feedback that improved this paper. This research was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program under grant N00014-02-1-0198 and the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Model setup and output from this study can be made available upon request to the corresponding author (jwlong@usgs.gov). NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 520 EP 539 DI 10.1002/2015JC010990 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF5ZH UT WOS:000371432200030 ER PT J AU Antolinez, JAA Mendez, FJ Camus, P Vitousek, S Gonzalez, EM Ruggiero, P Barnard, P AF Antolinez, Jose Antonio A. Mendez, Fernando J. Camus, Paula Vitousek, Sean Mauricio Gonzalez, E. Ruggiero, Peter Barnard, Patrick TI A multiscale climate emulator for long-term morphodynamics (MUSCLE-morpho) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE multivariate wave climate emulator; morphodynamics; long-term; statistical downscaling; climate variability; climate change ID WAVE CLIMATE; REANALYSIS; EROSION; SIMULATION; MODELS AB Interest in understanding long-term coastal morphodynamics has recently increased as climate change impacts become perceptible and accelerated. Multiscale, behavior-oriented and process-based models, or hybrids of the two, are typically applied with deterministic approaches which require considerable computational effort. In order to reduce the computational cost of modeling large spatial and temporal scales, input reduction and morphological acceleration techniques have been developed. Here we introduce a general framework for reducing dimensionality of wave-driver inputs to morphodynamic models. The proposed framework seeks to account for dependencies with global atmospheric circulation fields and deals simultaneously with seasonality, interannual variability, long-term trends, and autocorrelation of wave height, wave period, and wave direction. The model is also able to reproduce future wave climate time series accounting for possible changes in the global climate system. An application of long-term shoreline evolution is presented by comparing the performance of the real and the simulated wave climate using a one-line model. C1 [Antolinez, Jose Antonio A.; Mendez, Fernando J.; Camus, Paula; Mauricio Gonzalez, E.] Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain. [Vitousek, Sean; Barnard, Patrick] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Antolinez, JAA (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain. EM aantolinezja@unican.es OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU MEC (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Spain) [BOE-A-2013-12235]; Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" [BIA2014-59643-R]; U.S. Geological Survey [G15AC00426]; "Assessment of climate impacts on coastal systems in Europe" from the European Commission, JRC, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) [2013/S 122-208379] FX Jose Antonio A. Antolinez is indebted to the MEC (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Spain) for the funding provided in the FPU (Formacion del Profesorado Universitario) studentship (BOE-A-2013-12235). J. A. A. Antolinez, F. J. Mendez, and E. M. Gonzalez acknowledge the support of the Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" under Grant BIA2014-59643-R. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Grant/Cooperative Agreement G15AC00426. The work has been partially funded by project "2013/S 122-208379-Assessment of climate impacts on coastal systems in Europe" from the European Commission, JRC, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS). Wave data from Global Ocean Waves (GOW) database could be requested to Environmental Hydraulics Institute at email address: ihdata@ihcantabria.com. NCEP reanalysis data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 775 EP 791 DI 10.1002/2015JC011107 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF5ZH UT WOS:000371432200045 ER PT J AU Robinson, JM Wilberg, MJ Adams, JV Jones, ML AF Robinson, Jason M. Wilberg, Michael J. Adams, Jean V. Jones, Michael L. TI Tradeoff between Assessment and Control of Aquatic Invasive Species: A Case Study of Sea Lamprey Management in the St. Marys River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; FISH COMMUNITY; INFORMATION; DYNAMICS; HURON; MODEL AB Allocating resources between the gathering of information to guide management actions and implementing those actions presents an inherent tradeoff. This tradeoff is evident for control of the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus in the St. Marys River, connecting Lakes Huron and Superior and a major source of parasitic Sea Lampreys to Lake Huron and northern Lake Michigan. Larval Sea Lampreys in the St. Marys River are controlled through the application of Bayluscide, which is applied to areas of high larval density. Bayluscide applications are guided with an annual deepwater electrofishing survey to estimate larval Sea Lamprey density at relatively fine spatial scales. We took a resampling approach to describe the effect of sampling intensity on the success of the larval Sea Lamprey management program and explicitly incorporated the economic tradeoff between assessment and control efforts to maximize numbers of larvae killed in the St. Marys River. When no tradeoff between assessment and control was incorporated, increasing assessment always led to more larvae killed for the same treatment budget. When the tradeoff was incorporated, the sampling intensity that maximized the number of larvae killed depended on the overall budget available. Increased sampling intensities maximized effectiveness under medium to large budgets (US$0.4 to $2.0 million), and intermediate sampling intensities maximized effectiveness under low budgets. Sea Lamprey control actions based on assessment information outperformed those that were implemented with no assessment under all budget scenarios. C1 [Robinson, Jason M.; Wilberg, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Robinson, Jason M.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Lake Erie Fisheries Res Unit, 178 Point Dr North, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA. RP Robinson, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.; Robinson, JM (reprint author), New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Lake Erie Fisheries Res Unit, 178 Point Dr North, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA. EM jason.robinson@dec.ny.gov RI Wilberg, Michael/D-6289-2013 OI Wilberg, Michael/0000-0001-8982-5946 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX This research was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Brian Irwin, Mike Steeves, Mike Fodale, Andy Treble, Kevin Tallon, Roger Bergstedt, and Jessica Barber provided valuable insights and support. We also thank the staff of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, for providing field support for this effort. This is contribution 5129 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, contribution 1963 of the Great Lakes Science Center, and number 2016-04 of the MSU Quantitative Fisheries Center. Use of trade, product, or firm name does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1103822 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300002 ER PT J AU Chiotti, JA Boase, JC Hondorp, DW Briggs, AS AF Chiotti, Justin A. Boase, James C. Hondorp, Darryl W. Briggs, Andrew S. TI Assigning Sex and Reproductive Stage to Adult Lake Sturgeon using Ultrasonography and Common Morphological Measurements SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; ATLANTIC STURGEON; RIVER; MANAGEMENT; MATURITY AB Sex determination of fish species is difficult to assess when sexual dimorphism and gametes are not apparent. For threatened and endangered fish species, noninvasive techniques are needed when determining sex to minimize stress and the potential for mortality. We evaluated the use of a portable ultrasound unit to determine sex of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in the field. Ultrasound images were collected from 9 yellow-egg (F2, F3), 32 black-egg (F4, F5), and 107 fully developed male (M2) Lake Sturgeon. Two readers accurately assigned sex to 88-96% of fish, but accuracy varied in relation to maturity stage. Black-egg females and fully developed males were correctly identified for 89-100% of the fish sampled, while these two readers identified yellow-egg females only 33% and 67% of the time. Time spent collecting images ranged between 2 and 3 min once the user was comfortable with operating procedures. Discriminant analysis revealed the total length : girth ratio was a strong predictor of sex and maturity, correctly classifying 81% of black-egg females and 97% of the fully developed males. However, yellow-egg females were incorrectly classified on all occasions. This study shows the utility of using ultrasonography and a total length : girth ratio for sex determination of Lake Sturgeon in later reproductive stages around the spawning season. C1 [Chiotti, Justin A.; Boase, James C.; Briggs, Andrew S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off Waterford Su, 7806 Gale Rd, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. [Hondorp, Darryl W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Chiotti, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off Waterford Su, 7806 Gale Rd, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. EM justin_chiotti@fws.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2011.1200] FX The authors thank staff of the Lake St. Clair Fisheries Research Station: Mike Thomas, Todd Wills, Roy Beasley, Brad Utrup, Jeremy Maranowski, and Jason Pauken. We also thank staff from the U.S. Coast Guard Station in Port Huron, Michigan, for use of their facilities during the duration of this project. Trevor Pitcher and Jennifer Smith from the University of Windsor; Lloyd Mohr, Rich Drouin, Chris Gignac, Robert Dietz, Christine Scott, Karen Soper, and Tyler Genereaux from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Lisa Kaulfersch, Steven Gray, and Timothy Desorcie from the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center; Margaret Hutton, Eric Stadig, and Jeremy Moore from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Tina Whitaker and Jami Marranca from West Virginia University; and volunteers Sheri Faust, Mitchell Dender, and Audrey Elzerman. This article is contribution number 1960 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Partial funding from this research came from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and Great Lakes Fishery Trust (grant number2011.1200). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1103823 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300003 ER PT J AU Ng, EL Fredericks, JP Quist, MC AF Ng, Elizabeth L. Fredericks, Jim P. Quist, Michael C. TI Population Dynamics and Evaluation of Alternative Management Strategies for Nonnative Lake Trout in Priest Lake, Idaho SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MICHIGAN WATERS; YELLOWSTONE LAKE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH COMMUNITY; GROWTH-RATES; CATCH-CURVE; SUPERIOR; SUPPRESSION; FISHERIES AB Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush have been introduced widely throughout the western USA to enhance recreational fisheries, but high predatory demand can create challenges for management of yield and trophy fisheries alike. Lake Trout were introduced to Priest Lake, Idaho, during the 1920s, but few fishery-independent data are available to guide current or future management actions. We collected fishery-independent data to describe population dynamics and evaluate potential management scenarios using an age-structured population model. Lake Trout in Priest Lake were characterized by fast growth at young ages, which resulted in young age at maturity. However, adult growth rates and body condition were lower than for other Lake Trout populations. High rates of skipped spawning (>50%) were also observed. Model projections indicated that the population was growing (lambda = 1.03). Eradication could be achieved by increasing annual mortality to 0.32, approximately twice the current rate. A protected slot length limit could increase population length-structure, but few fish grew fast enough to exit the slot. In contrast, a juvenile removal scenario targeting age-2 to age-5 Lake Trout maintained short-term harvest of trophy-length individuals while reducing overall population abundance. C1 [Ng, Elizabeth L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Fredericks, Jim P.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 600 South Walnut St,POB 25, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Ng, EL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ng1262@vandals.uidaho.edu FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act; U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank C. Brown, K. Griffin, J. Johnson, N. Porter, T. Schill, M. Terrazas, and S. Whitlock for their assistance with field research, and Hickey Brothers Fisheries for assistance with netting. We also thank T. Johnson, Z. Klein, J. Rachlow, D. Schill, J. Syslo, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act and by Idaho anglers via license fees, along with the Kalispel Tribe of Indians. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2012-22. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 40 EP 54 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1111279 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300005 ER PT J AU Dunton, KJ Jordaan, A Secor, DH Martinez, CM Kehler, T Hattala, KA Van Eenennaam, JP Fisher, MT McKown, KA Conover, DO Frisk, MG AF Dunton, Keith J. Jordaan, Adrian Secor, David H. Martinez, Christopher M. Kehler, Thomas Hattala, Kathy A. Van Eenennaam, Joel P. Fisher, Matthew T. McKown, Kim A. Conover, David O. Frisk, Michael G. TI Age and Growth of Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Bight SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; PECTORAL FIN RAYS; HUDSON RIVER; NORTH-AMERICA; SAMPLE-SIZE; MIXED-STOCK; HABITAT USE; PRECISION; ACCURACY; FISHERY AB Accurate estimates of age and growth of fishes are important in the management and conservation of species and for the development of modeling approaches. Assessments of endangered or rare species typically are limited by poor or inadequate data owing to low abundance, unrepresentative sampling, and/or restrictions on sampling. Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, which occurs along the east coast of North America, has five distinct population segments (DPSs) listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The New York Bight (NYB) DPS is listed as endangered and represents the largest DPS in the United States. Coastal trawl surveys from 2005 to 2012 were used to evaluate the current age structure of the NYB DPS. A total of 21 year-classes (mean age = 8.89 years, n = 742 fish) were observed. Age data for the NYB DPS were combined with other available age estimates from multiple research laboratories and sources (n = 2,774) in the Hudson River and Delaware River as well from the coastal regions of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware from 1975 to 2012. Collectively, the combined data set captured much of the age range of the species, minimizing age biases and resulting in improved von Bertalanffy parameter estimates (L-infinity = 278.87, K = 0.057, t(0) = -1.27) with high overall model fit (r(2) = 0.87). We assessed the effects of individual data sets through a series of leave-one-out bootstrap routines that evaluated the influence of each data set on growth parameter estimates. The parameter estimates of the von Bertalanffy growth function were influenced by sampling location and/or researcher effects. Despite these differences, the combined data set approach used here represents the most comprehensive study on the age-and-growth relationship of Atlantic Sturgeon and provides parameter estimates for the development of population dynamics models and valuable information for future management. C1 [Dunton, Keith J.; Martinez, Christopher M.; Conover, David O.; Frisk, Michael G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Jordaan, Adrian] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Secor, David H.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Kehler, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, 308 Washington Ave,POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Hattala, Kathy A.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Hudson River Fisheries Unit, 21 South Putt Corners Rd, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Van Eenennaam, Joel P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, 1417 Meyer Hall,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fisher, Matthew T.] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Div Fish & Wildlife, 4876 Hay Point Landing Rd, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. [McKown, Kim A.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Bur Marine Resources, 205 North Belle Mead Rd,Suite 1, East Setauket, NY 11733 USA. [Dunton, Keith J.] Monmouth Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biol, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. RP Dunton, KJ (reprint author), Monmouth Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biol, West Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. EM kdunton@monmouth.edu FU Rutgers University Bluefish Recruitment Dynamics Grant; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grants; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Species Recovery Grant Program [NA07NMF4550320]; New York Department of Environmental Conservation; Hudson River Foundation [5539]; Steven Berkeley Fellowship award from the American Fisheries Society FX Funding for this research was provided by a Rutgers University Bluefish Recruitment Dynamics Grant, two separate U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grants, and a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Species Recovery Grant Program NA07NMF4550320 under Memoranda of Understandings with the New York Department of Environmental Conservation. Additionally K. J. Dunton also received support through the Hudson River Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program (Award 5539) (currently known as Mark B. Bain Graduate Fellowship Program) and the Steven Berkeley Fellowship award from the American Fisheries Society. We also thank James Johnson (U.S. Geological Survey) for providing previously published data, Dewayne Fox (Delaware State University) for assistance in obtaining data sets, Mark Wiggins (Stony Brook University) and staff of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for the collection of age samples during their finfish trawl survey, the crew aboard the RV Seawolf (specifically Steve Cluett), and Sara Pace for assistance in sample preparation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1103820 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300007 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Nack, CC Chalupnicki, MA Abbett, R McKenna, JE AF Johnson, James H. Nack, Christopher C. Chalupnicki, Marc A. Abbett, Ross McKenna, J. E., Jr. TI Predation on Chinook Salmon Parr by Hatchery Salmonids and Fallfish in the Salmon River, New York SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; LAKE-ONTARIO TRIBUTARIES; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; FEEDING PERIODICITY; SUBYEARLING CHINOOK; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SEMOTILUS-CORPORALIS AB Naturally reproduced Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha contribute substantially to the fishery in Lake Ontario. The Salmon River, a Lake Ontario tributary in New York, produces the largest numbers of naturally spawned Chinook Salmon, with parr abundance in the river often exceeding 10 million. In the spring of each year, large numbers of hatchery salmonid yearlings-potential predators of Chinook Salmon parr-are released into the Salmon River by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. We sought to examine predation on Chinook Salmon parr in the Salmon River during May and June prior to out-migration. Over the 4 years examined (2009-2012), annual consumption of Chinook Salmon parr by hatchery-released yearling steelhead O. mykiss and Coho Salmon O. kisutch ranged from 1.5 to 3.3 million and from 0.4 to 2.1 million, respectively. In 2009, Fallfish Semotilus corporalis were estimated to consume 2.9 million Chinook Salmon parr. Predation was higher in May, when the average TL of Chinook Salmon parr was 44.5 mm, than in June. Fallfish were also important predators of naturally reproduced steelhead subyearlings, consuming an estimated 800,000 steelhead in 2009. Hatchery-released yearling salmonids consumed 13.8-15.3% of the Chinook Salmon parr that were estimated to be present in the Salmon River during 2010-2012. Earlier releases of hatchery salmonid yearlings could reduce the riverine consumption of Chinook Salmon parr by facilitating the out-migration of yearlings prior to Chinook Salmon emergence. C1 [Johnson, James H.; Nack, Christopher C.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Abbett, Ross; McKenna, J. E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Nack, Christopher C.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1103821 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300008 ER PT J AU Ross, JE Mayer, CM Tyson, JT Weimer, EJ AF Ross, J. E. Mayer, C. M. Tyson, J. T. Weimer, E. J. TI Comparison of Electrofishing Techniques and Effort Allocation across Diel Time Periods, Seasons, Sites, and Habitat in the Ohio Coastal Waters of Western Lake Erie SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NEARSHORE FISH COMMUNITIES; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; CENTRAL MINNESOTA; LITTORAL-ZONE; CATCHABILITY; ABUNDANCE; INDEX; ASSEMBLAGES; PERCH AB Coastal (<3-m depth) and nearshore (3-15-m depth) zones of large freshwater lakes are generally rich in complex habitats that are important for fisheries, but they are often highly degraded and understudied. We identified spatial and temporal sampling efficiencies for monitoring coastal fish communities in a large freshwater lake by use of electrofishing. During 2011 and 2012, we sampled 21 coastal sites in Lake Erie's western basin via daytime and nighttime electrofishing with multiple replicates throughout the summer sampling season. Nighttime electrofishing captured more species and more individuals with less effort than daytime electrofishing; nighttime electrofishing conducted early in the season (i.e., late spring and early summer) was more efficient than that conducted late in the season (i.e., late summer and early fall). A sampling design based on 500 m of shoreline per site required fewer sites and person-hours to attain 65% and 75% of total species richness (6 and 11 sites, respectively) than a design that used 100 m/site. A 300-m/site design was more efficient at targeting 90% of total species richness. Targeting of wetland habitat increased the number of species captured but missed species that were only found at other habitat types. A sampling design that targeted 11 sites (75% of species richness) sufficiently described fish community metrics (e.g., number of tolerant species) since the design captured nearly all fish species that were relevant to each metric. This study provides the foundation for a coastal monitoring program in western Lake Erie and serves as a starting point for program development in other large freshwater lakes. C1 [Ross, J. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2800 Lake Shore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Mayer, C. M.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Tyson, J. T.; Weimer, E. J.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Ross, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2800 Lake Shore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM jason_ross@fws.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [GL0E00569]; ODNR Division of Wildlife [DNRWL-FDNEAR10-01] FX The present study would not have been possible without the assistance provided by Travis Hartman, Steven Gratz, Adam Thompson, Chip Wendt, Wendy Perry, Jim Mcfee, Scott Winkler, Amy Jo Klei, Dave Alfater, Annie Doerr, Kristen Woodling, Mike Kuebbeler, Robert Mapes, Jeremy Pritt, Mark DuFour, Rachel Kuhaneck, Audrey Maran, Cory Becher, and Jennifer Sieracki. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Project GL0E00569) and by the ODNR Division of Wildlife (Project DNRWL-FDNEAR10-01). This is Contribution 2016-01 of the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1111275 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300009 ER PT J AU Falke, JA Dunham, JB Hockman-Wert, D Pahl, R AF Falke, Jeffrey A. Dunham, Jason B. Hockman-Wert, David Pahl, Randy TI A Simple Prioritization Tool to Diagnose Impairment of Stream Temperature for Coldwater Fishes in the Great Basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL STATISTICAL-MODELS; MOVING-AVERAGE APPROACH; GEOGRAPHIC VARIABILITY; THERMAL REGIMES; NETWORKS; PERSPECTIVE; STANDARDS; HABITAT; TROUT AB We provide a simple framework for diagnosing the impairment of stream water temperature for coldwater fishes across broad spatial extents based on a weight-of-evidence approach that integrates biological criteria, species distribution models, and geostatistical models of stream temperature. As a test case, we applied our approach to identify stream reaches most likely to be thermally impaired for Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi in the upper Reese River, located in the northern Great Basin, Nevada. We first evaluated the capability of stream thermal regime descriptors to explain variation across 170 sites, and we found that the 7-d moving average of daily maximum stream temperatures (7DADM) provided minimal among-descriptor redundancy and, based on an upper threshold of 20 degrees C, was also a good indicator of acute and chronic thermal stress. Next, we quantified the range of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout within our study area using a geographic distribution model. Finally, we used a geostatistical model to assess spatial variation in 7DADM and predict potential thermal impairment at the stream reach scale. We found that whereas 38% of reaches in our study area exceeded a 7DADM of 20 degrees C and 35% were significantly warmer than predicted, only 17% both exceeded the biological criterion and were significantly warmer than predicted. This filtering allowed us to identify locations where physical and biological impairment were most likely within the network and that would represent the highest management priorities. Although our approach lacks the precision of more comprehensive approaches, it provides a broader context for diagnosing impairment and is a useful means of identifying priorities for more detailed evaluations across broad and heterogeneous stream networks. C1 [Falke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.; Hockman-Wert, David] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 Southwest Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pahl, Randy] Nevada Div Environm Protect, 901 South Stewart St,Suite 4001, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Falke, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jeffrey.falke@alaska.edu FU Nevada Division of Environmental Protection FX This work was supported by a grant from the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection to J. Falke and J. Dunham. J. Heggeness provided invaluable support with project initiation and direction, and A. Mills assisted with analysis and manuscript preparation. Z. Blumberg, M. Heck, and D. Simpson provided key assistance with field sampling. B. Roper provided constructive comments on an early draft. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1115449 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300016 ER PT J AU Favrot, SD Kwak, TJ AF Favrot, Scott D. Kwak, Thomas J. TI Efficiency of Two-Way Weirs and Prepositioned Electrofishing for Sampling Potamodromous Fish Migrations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WARMWATER STREAM FISHES; HABITAT SUITABILITY; ROBUST REDHORSE; FRESH-WATER; SUCKERS CATOSTOMIDAE; SPAWNING HABITAT; SOUTH-CAROLINA; WINTER HABITAT; SAVANNA RIVER; ABUNDANCE AB Potamodromy (i.e., migration entirely in freshwater) is a common life history strategy of North American lotic fishes, and efficient sampling methods for potamodromous fishes are needed to formulate conservation and management decisions. Many potamodromous fishes inhabit medium-sized rivers and are mobile during spawning migrations, which complicates sampling with conventional gears (e.g., nets and electrofishing). We compared the efficiency of a passive migration technique (resistance board weirs) and an active technique (prepositioned areal electrofishers; [PAEs]) for sampling migrating potamodromous fishes in Valley River, a southern Appalachian Mountain river, from March through July 2006 and 2007. A total of 35 fish species from 10 families were collected, 32 species by PAE and 19 species by weir. Species richness and diversity were higher for PAE catch, and species dominance (i.e., proportion of assemblage composed of the three most abundant species) was higher for weir catch. Prepositioned areal electrofisher catch by number was considerably higher than weir catch, but biomass was lower for PAE catch. Weir catch decreased following the spawning migration, while PAEs continued to collect fish. Sampling bias associated with water velocity was detected for PAEs, but not weirs, and neither gear demonstrated depth bias in wadeable reaches. Mean fish mortality from PAEs was five times greater than that from weirs. Catch efficiency and composition comparisons indicated that weirs were effective at documenting migration chronology, sampling nocturnal migration, and yielding samples unbiased by water velocity or habitat, with low mortality. Prepositioned areal electrofishers are an appropriate sampling technique for seasonal fish occupancy objectives, while weirs are more suitable for quantitatively describing spawning migrations. Our comparative results may guide fisheries scientists in selecting an appropriate sampling gear and regime for research, monitoring, conservation, and management of potamodromous fishes. C1 [Favrot, Scott D.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Favrot, Scott D.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, One Univ Blvd,203 Badgley Hall, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Duke Energy; World Wildlife Fund; North Carolina State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was funded by grants from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Duke Energy, and World Wildlife Fund. Assistance with funding administration was provided by Scott Van Horn, Hugh Barwick, Mark Cantrell, Judy Takats, Helen Crockett, and Wendy Moore. Joe Hightower, Ken Pollock, Wayne Starnes, and Tim Grabowski offered constructive suggestions on equipment construction, sampling design, and data analysis. Robert Jenkins, Mark Cantrell, and Steve Fraley were valuable sources of knowledge on the fishes and environment studied. We appreciate the field assistance from many friends and colleagues, including Hannah Shively, James Cornelison, Melissa Johnson, Calvin Yonce, Brad Garner, Michael Fisk, Patrick Cooney, Ryan Spidel, and Tyler Averett. We also thank Brian Jonasson, Kevin Whalen, and anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful input on previous manuscript drafts. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1114537 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF4RP UT WOS:000371338300018 ER PT S AU Fleishman, E Burgman, M Runge, MC Schick, RS Kraus, S AF Fleishman, Erica Burgman, Mark Runge, Michael C. Schick, Robert S. Kraus, Scott BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Expert Elicitation of Population-Level Effects of Disturbance SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Conceptual models; Decision-making; Health; North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis); Parameterization ID RIGHT WHALES; RISK AB Expert elicitation is a rigorous method for synthesizing expert knowledge to inform decision making and is reliable and practical when field data are limited. We evaluated the feasibility of applying expert elicitation to estimate population-level effects of disturbance on marine mammals. Diverse experts estimated parameters related to mortality and sublethal injury of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). We are now eliciting expert knowledge on the movement of right whales among geographic regions to parameterize a spatial model of health. Expert elicitation complements methods such as simulation models or extrapolations from other species, sometimes with greater accuracy and less uncertainty. C1 [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, The Barn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Burgman, Mark] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Schick, Robert S.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Kraus, Scott] New England Aquarium, John H Prescott Marine Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Fleishman, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, The Barn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM efleishman@ucdavis.edu; markab@unimelb.edu.au; mrunge@usgs.gov; rss5@st-andrews.ac.uk; skraus@neaq.org FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0896, N00014-12-1-0274] FX This work was supported in part by Office of Naval Research Grants N00014-09-1-0896 (University of California, Santa Barbara) and N00014-12-1-0274 (University of California, Davis) to Erica Fleishman. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_35 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900036 PM 26610972 ER PT J AU Farough, A Moore, DE Lockner, DA Lowell, RP AF Farough, A. Moore, D. E. Lockner, D. A. Lowell, R. P. TI Evolution of fracture permeability of ultramafic rocks undergoing serpentinization at hydrothermal conditions: An experimental study SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fracture permeability; serpentinization; water-rock interaction; hydrothermal; fault zone ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SIMULATED FAULT GOUGE; HYDRATION REACTIONS; STRENGTH RECOVERY; VENT FIELD; FLUID-FLOW; SEA-FLOOR; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; MANTLE AB We performed flow-through laboratory experiments on five cylindrically cored samples of ultramafic rocks, in which we generated a well-mated through-going tensile fracture, to investigate evolution of fracture permeability during serpentinization. The samples were tested in a triaxial loading machine at a confining pressure of 50 MPa, pore pressure of 20 MPa, and temperature of 260 degrees C, simulating a depth of 2 km under hydrostatic conditions. A pore pressure difference of up to 2 MPa was imposed across the ends of the sample. Fracture permeability decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude during the 200-330 h experiments. Electron microprobe and SEM data indicated the formation of needle-shaped crystals of serpentine composition along the walls of the fracture, and chemical analyses of sampled pore fluids were consistent with dissolution of ferro-magnesian minerals. By comparing the difference between fracture permeability and matrix permeability measured on intact samples of the same rock types, we concluded that the contribution of the low matrix permeability to flow is negligible and essentially all of the flow is focused in the tensile fracture. The experimental results suggest that the fracture network in long-lived hydrothermal circulation systems can be sealed rapidly as a result of mineral precipitation, and generation of new permeability resulting from a combination of tectonic and crystallization-induced stresses is required to maintain fluid circulation. C1 [Farough, A.; Lowell, R. P.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Moore, D. E.; Lockner, D. A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Farough, A (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. EM afarough@vt.edu OI farough, aida/0000-0001-8320-2975 FU NSF [OCE1131471] FX We thank the Editor Thorsten Becker, an anonymous reviewer, and Marguerite Godard, C. Neuzil, J. Taron, and M. Diggles for their constructive reviews on an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors thank Neil Johnson for XRD assistance and sample collection and Luca Fedele for EMP and SEM assistance. Edmond A. Mathez and the American Museum of Natural History, NY, provided some of the samples. Lee-Grey Boze helped with the sample preparation and collection of intact permeability data. The authors also would like to thank J. Donald Rimstidt, James Beard, and Esther Schwarzenbach for useful conversations regarding serpentinization processes and data interpretation. This work was partially supported by NSF grant OCE1131471 to R.P.L. All data used in this paper can be found in the tables and have been properly cited. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1002/2015GC005973 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DE4SN UT WOS:000370620600004 ER PT J AU White, R McCausland, W AF White, Randall McCausland, Wendy TI Volcano-tectonic earthquakes: A new tool for estimating intrusive volumes and forecasting eruptions SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Volcano seismology; Eruption forecasting; Volcano-tectonic ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; EL-CHICHON VOLCANO; BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; SEISMIC ACTIVITY; CENTRAL JAPAN; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; MIYAKEJIMA VOLCANO; GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; UNZEN-VOLCANO AB We present data on 136 high-frequency earthquakes and swarms, termed volcano-tectonic (VT) seismicity, which preceded 111 eruptions at 83 volcanoes, plus data on VT swamis that preceded intrusions at 21 other volcanoes. We find that VT seismicity is usually the earliest reported seismic precursor for eruptions at volcanoes that have been dormant for decades or more, and precedes eruptions of all magma types from basaltic to rhyolitic and all explosivities from VEI 0 to ultraplinian VEI 6 at such previously long-dormant volcanoes. Because large eruptions occur most commonly during resumption of activity at long-dormant volcanoes, VT seismicity is an important precursor for the Earth's most dangerous eruptions. VT seismicity precedes all explosive eruptions of VEI >= 5 and most if not all VEI 4 eruptions in our data set. Surprisingly we find that the VT seismicity originates at distal locations on tectonic fault structures at distances of one or two to tens of kilometers laterally from the site of the eventual eruption, and rarely if ever starts beneath the eruption site itself. The distal VT swarms generally occur at depths almost equal to the horizontal distance of the swarm from the summit out to about 15 km distance, beyond which hypocenter depths level out. We summarize several important characteristics of this distal VT seismicity including: swarm-like nature, onset days to years prior to the beginning of magmatic eruptions, peaking of activity at the time of the initial eruption whether phreatic or magmatic, and large non-double couple component to focal mechanisms. Most importantly we show that the intruded magma volume can be simply estimated from the cumulative seismic moment of the VT seismicity from: Log(10) V = 0.71 Log(10)Sigma Moment -5.32, with volume, V, in cubic meters and seismic moment in Newton meters. Because the cumulative seismic moment can be approximated from the size of just the few largest events, and is quite insensitive to precise locations, the intruded magma volume can be quickly and easily estimated with few short-period seismic stations. Notable cases in which distal VT events preceded eruptions at long-dormant volcanoes include: Nevado del Ruiz (1984-1985), Pinatubo (1991), Unzen (1989-1995), Soufriere Hills (1995), Shishaldin (1989-1999), Tacana' (1985-1986), Pacaya (1980-1984), Rabaul (1994), and Cotopaxi (2001). Additional cases are recognized at frequently active volcanoes including Popocateptl (2001-2003) and Mauna Loa (1984). We present four case studies (Pinatubo, Soufriere Hills, Unzen, and Tacana') in which we demonstrate the above mentioned VT characteristics prior to eruptions. Using regional data recorded by NEIC, we recognized in near-real time that a huge distal VT swarm was occurring, deduced that a proportionately huge magmatic intrusion was taking place beneath the long dormant Sulu Range, New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea, that it was likely to lead to eruptive activity, and warned Rabaul Volcano Observatory days before a phreatic eruption occurred. This confirms the value of this technique for eruption forecasting. We also present a counter -example where we deduced that a VT swarm at Volcan Cosiguina, Nicaragua, indicated a small intrusion, insufficient to reach the surface and erupt. Finally, we discuss limitations of the method and propose a mechanism by which this distal VT seismicity is triggered by magmatic intrusion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Randall] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McCausland, Wendy] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP White, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rwhite@usgs.gov FU Volcano Disaster Assistance Program from the USAID-Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; USAID-Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance FX We wish to thank our many colleagues who have welcomed us and provided critical data for this paper, from the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska, Cascades, Hawaii, and California Volcano Observatories, the Emergency Management Office of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the National Center for the Prevention of Disasters (CENAPRED, Mexico), the University of Colima (Mexico), the National Autonomous University (UNAM, Mexico), the National Institute for Seismology, Volcanology, Hydrology and Meteorology (INSIVUMEH, Guatemala), the National Service tor Territorial Studies (SNET, El Salvador), the Nicaraguan Institute for Territorial Studies (INETER), the Volcano and Seismology Observatory of Costa Rica (OVSICORI), the Colombian Institute of Geology and Mining (INGEOMINAS), the Geophysical Institute of the National Polytechnic School (IGEPN, Ecuador), the National Geology and Mining Service of Chile (SERNAGEOMIN), the Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO, British West Indies), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Saudi Geological Survey, the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Russia), the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the Rabaul Volcano Observatory (Papua New Guinea), and the Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM, Indonesia). Additional data also come from hypocenter searches of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) or International Seismic Center (ISC) worldwide seismic databases, from the Smithsonian Institute's Global Volcanism Program reports and from published literature. The data for the Unzen case study come from Dr. Kodo Umakoshi. The authors acknowledge long-term support to the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program from the USAID-Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, without which this work would not have been possible. Most of all we wish to recognize and thank the hardworking members of the VDAP team who have helped install seismometers and computers on volcanoes all over the world on at least 50 volcanoes since 1985 from which most of the data for this paper have come. We especially want to thank John Power and Chris Newhall for the early discussions that got this work started, Tom Murray for inventing the RSAM system which made much of this analysis much easier, Andy Lockhart for installing most of the seismic equipment and Jeff Marso for installing most of the computer equipment at so many of the foreign observatories. And we also wish to thank the VDAP Chief Scientist - Dr. John Pallister for his leadership and his excellent review and Dave Hill and two anonymous reviewers for their excellent reviews and suggestions that have significantly improved the manuscript. NR 136 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 309 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.10.020 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DE6UJ UT WOS:000370768800010 ER PT J AU Saunders, MI Brown, CJ Foley, MM Febria, CM Albright, R Mehling, MG Kavanaugh, MT Burfeind, DD AF Saunders, Megan I. Brown, Christopher J. Foley, Melissa M. Febria, Catherine M. Albright, Rebecca Mehling, Molly G. Kavanaugh, Maria T. Burfeind, Dana D. TI Human impacts on connectivity in marine and freshwater ecosystems assessed using graph theory: a review SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE anthropogenic stressors; aquatic ecosystems; ecological networks; functional connectivity; landscape connectivity; metapopulation dynamics ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS; STREAM NETWORKS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; LARVAL DISPERSAL; RESERVE DESIGN; CORAL-REEFS AB Human activities are altering the processes that connect organisms within and among habitats and populations in marine and freshwater (aquatic) ecosystems. Connectivity can be quantified using graph theory, where habitats or populations are represented by 'nodes' and dispersal is represented by 'links'. This approach spans discipline and systemic divides, facilitating identification of generalities in human impacts. We conducted a review of studies that have used graph theory to quantify spatial functional connectivity in aquatic ecosystems. The search identified 42 studies published in 2000-14. We assessed whether each study quantified the impacts of (1) habitat alteration (loss, alteration to links, and gain), (2) human movements causing species introductions, (3) overharvesting and (4) climate change (warming temperatures, altered circulation or hydrology, sea-level rise) and ocean acidification. In freshwater systems habitat alteration was the most commonly studied stressor, whereas in marine systems overharvesting, in terms of larval dispersal among protected areas, was most commonly addressed. Few studies have directly assessed effects of climate change, suggesting an important area of future research. Graph representations of connectivity revealed similarities across different impacts and systems, suggesting common strategies for conservation management. We suggest future research directions for studies of aquatic connectivity to inform conservation management of aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Saunders, Megan I.; Brown, Christopher J.] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Foley, Melissa M.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Febria, Catherine M.] Univ Canterbury Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 4800, New Zealand. [Albright, Rebecca] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Mehling, Molly G.] Chatham Univ, Falk Sch Sustainabil, 1 Woodland Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. [Kavanaugh, Maria T.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. [Burfeind, Dana D.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Foley, Melissa M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Albright, Rebecca] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Saunders, MI (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM m.saunders1@uq.edu.au RI Saunders, Megan/I-7731-2012; OI Saunders, Megan/0000-0002-8549-5609; Kavanaugh, Maria/0000-0001-6126-6177 FU Australian Research Council; University of Queensland FX We thank Paul Kemp, the National Science Foundation, and the organisers and participants of the ASLO Eco-DAS 2010 symposium in Honolulu, Hawai'i. M. I. Saunders and C. J. Brown were funded in part by grants from the Australian Research Council and University of Queensland. I. Chollett-Ordaz, K. Hock, C. Lovelock, P. Mumby, O. Hoegh-Guldberg and several anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 48 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 3 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1071/MF14358 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF1EL UT WOS:000371081600001 ER PT J AU Martin, J Sabatier, Q Gowan, TA Giraud, C Gurarie, E Calleson, CS Ortega-Ortiz, JG Deutsch, CJ Rycyk, A Koslovsky, SM AF Martin, Julien Sabatier, Quentin Gowan, Timothy A. Giraud, Christophe Gurarie, Eliezer Calleson, Charles Scott Ortega-Ortiz, Joel G. Deutsch, Charles J. Rycyk, Athena Koslovsky, Stacie M. TI A quantitative framework for investigating risk of deadly collisions between marine wildlife and boats SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE animal movement; effectiveness of speed zones; encounter rate; Florida manatee; marine mammals; North Atlantic right whale; protection zones; speed zones; wildlife collision ID WHALES EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; FLORIDA MANATEE; VESSEL SPEED; ENCOUNTER; PROBABILITY; PREDATOR; MAMMALS; GROWTH; PREY AB 1. Speed regulations of watercraft in protected areas are designed to reduce lethal collisions with wildlife but can have economic consequences. We present a quantitative framework for investigating the risk of deadly collisions between boats and wildlife. 2. We apply encounter rate theory to demonstrate how marine mammal-boat encounter rate can be used to predict the expected number of deaths associated with management scenarios. We illustrate our approach with management scenarios for two endangered species: the Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris and the North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis. We used a Monte Carlo simulation approach to demonstrate the uncertainty that is associated with our estimate of relative mortality. 3. We show that encounter rate increased with vessel speed but that the expected number of encounters varies depending on the boating activities considered. For instance, in a scenario involving manatees and boating activities such as water skiing, the expected number of encounters in a given area (in a fixed time interval) increased with vessel speed. In another scenario in which a vessel made a transit of fixed length, the expected number of encounters decreases slightly with boat speed. In both cases, the expected number of encounters increased with distanced travelled by the boat. For whales, we found a slight reduction ((similar to)0.1%) in the number of encounters under a scenario where speed is unregulated; this reduction, however, is negligible, and overall expected relative mortality was (similar to)30% lower under the scenario with speed regulation. The probability of avoidance by the animal or vessel was set to 0 because of lack of data, but we explored the importance of this parameter on the model predictions. In fact, expected relative mortality under speed regulations decreases even further when the probability of avoidance is a decreasing function of vessel speed. 4. By applying encounter rate theory to the case of boat collisions with marine mammals, we gained new insights about encounter processes between wildlife and watercraft. Our work emphasizes the importance of considering uncertainty when estimating wildlife mortality. Finally, our findings are relevant to other systems and ecological processes involving the encounter between moving agents. C1 [Martin, Julien; Sabatier, Quentin; Gowan, Timothy A.; Ortega-Ortiz, Joel G.; Koslovsky, Stacie M.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Martin, Julien] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Sabatier, Quentin] Ecole Polytech, CMAP, UMR CNRS 7641, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Sabatier, Quentin] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Giraud, Christophe] Univ Paris 11, Lab Math Orsay, UMR 8628, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Gurarie, Eliezer] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Calleson, Charles Scott] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Imperiled Species Management Sect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Ortega-Ortiz, Joel G.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Deutsch, Charles J.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Rycyk, Athena] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.; Martin, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM julienmartin@usgs.gov FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Florida Sea Grant Program; National Sea Grant College Program of the USA; Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA 14OAR4170108]; Save the Manatee Trust Fund FX We thank L. Ward-Geiger, R. Muller, R. Hardy, B. Zoodsma, B. Bassett, B. Crowder, H. Edwards, R. Flamm, F. Johnson, V. Engel and two anonymous reviewers for their insights and contributions. We are grateful to J. Van Der Hoop for sharing her scripts for her simulations work and discussing her work with us, she also provided useful insights for our analysis; and to J. Hain for sharing data from Hain et al. (2013). This study was funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the Florida Sea Grant Program. This study was supported by the National Sea Grant College Program of the USA. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Grant No. NA 14OAR4170108, and by the Save the Manatee Trust Fund. Work was conducted under USFWS Federal research permit #MA773494. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12447 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE9KL UT WOS:000370955900005 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Budge, SM Thiemann, G Rode, KD AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Budge, Suzanne M. Thiemann, GregoryW. Rode, Karyn D. TI Assessing the robustness of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to assumption violations SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Aitchison; bias; diet composition; diet estimation; Kullback-Leibler; QFASA; simulation ID DIET AB 1. Knowledge of animal diets can provide important insights into life history and ecology, relationships among species in a community and potential response to ecosystem change or perturbation. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) is a method of estimating diets from data on the composition, or signature, of fatty acids stored in adipose tissue. Given data on signatures of potential prey, a predator diet is estimated by minimizing the distance between its signature and a mixture of prey signatures. Calibration coefficients, constants derived from feeding trials, are used to account for differential metabolism of individual fatty acids. QFASA has been widely applied since its introduction and several variants of the original estimator have appeared in the literature. However, work to compare the statistical properties of QFASA estimators has been limited. 2. One important characteristic of an estimator is its robustness to violations of model assumptions. The primary assumptions of QFASA are that prey signature data contain representatives of all prey types consumed and the calibration coefficients are known without error. We investigated the robustness of two QFASA estimators to a range of violations of these assumptions using computer simulation and recorded the resulting bias in diet estimates. 3. We found that the Aitchison distance measure was most robust to errors in the calibration coefficients. Conversely, the Kullback-Leibler distance measure was most robust to the consumption of prey without representation in the prey signature data. 4. In most QFASA applications, investigators will generally have some knowledge of the prey available to predators and be able to assess the completeness of prey signature data and sample additional prey as necessary. Conversely, because calibration coefficients are derived from feeding trials with captive animals and their values may be sensitive to consumer physiology and nutritional status, their applicability to free-ranging animals is difficult to establish. We therefore recommend that investigators first make any improvements to the prey signature data that seem warranted and then base estimation on the Aitchison distance measure, as it appears to minimize risk from violations of the assumption that is most difficult to verify. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.; Rode, Karyn D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Budge, Suzanne M.] Dalhousie Univ, Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Thiemann, GregoryW.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009; OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500; Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12456 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE9KL UT WOS:000370955900006 ER PT J AU Ma, LW Ahuja, LR Trout, TJ Nolan, BT Malone, RW AF Ma, Liwang Ahuja, Lajpat R. Trout, Thomas J. Nolan, Bernard T. Malone, Robert W. TI Simulating Maize Yield and Biomass with Spatial Variability of Soil Field Capacity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RZWQM2 MODEL; CROP MODELS; INPUT DATA; CORN; UNCERTAINTY; VALIDATION AB Spatial variability in field soil properties is a challenge for system modelers who use single representative values, such as means, for model inputs, rather than their distributions. In this study, the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2) was first calibrated for 4 yr of maize (Zea mays L.) data at six irrigation levels in northern Colorado and then used to study spatial variability of soil field capacity (FC) estimated in 96 plots on maize yield and biomass. The best results were obtained when the crop parameters were fitted along with FCs, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 354 kg ha(-1) for yield and 1202 kg ha(-1) for biomass. When running the model using each of the 96 sets of field-estimated FC values, instead of calibrating FCs, the average simulated yield and biomass from the 96 runs were close to measured values with a RMSE of 376 kg ha(-1) for yield and 1504 kg ha(-1) for biomass. When an average of the 96 FC values for each soil layer was used, simulated yield and biomass were also acceptable with a RMSE of 438 kg ha(-1) for yield and 1627 kg ha(-1) for biomass. Therefore, when there are large numbers of FC measurements, an average value might be sufficient for model inputs. However, when the ranges of FC measurements were known for each soil layer, a sampled distribution of FCs using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) might be used for model inputs. C1 [Ma, Liwang; Ahuja, Lajpat R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ma, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.2134/agronj2015.0206 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA DE1GN UT WOS:000370375200017 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Bergfeld, D Clor, LE Evans, WC AF Ingebritsen, Steven E. Bergfeld, Deborah Clor, Laura E. Evans, William C. TI The Lassen hydrothermal system SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Fluid phase; thermodynamics; hydrothermal; geothermal ID VOLCANIC NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CASCADE RANGE; CALIFORNIA; INTRUSION; DISCHARGE; WATER; GEOCHEMISTRY; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION AB The active Lassen hydrothermal system includes a central vapor -dominated zone or zones beneath the Lassen highlands underlain by 240 degrees C high-chloride waters that discharge at lower elevations. It is the best-exposed and largest hydrothermal system in the Cascade Range, discharging 41 10 kg/s of steam (-115 MW) and 23 2 kg/s of high-chloride waters (-27 MW). The Lassen system accounts for a full 1/3 of the total high-temperature hydrothermal heat discharge in the U.S. Cascades (140/400 MW). Hydrothermal heat discharge of 140 MW can be supported by crystallization and cooling of silicic magma at a rate of 2400 km3/Ma, and the ongoing rates of heat and magmatic CO2 discharge are broadly consistent with a petrologic model for basalt-driven magmatic evolution. The clustering of observed seismicity at 4-5 km depth may define zones of thermal cracking where the hydrothermal system mines heat from near-plastic rock. If so, the combined areal extent of the primary heat-transfer zones is 5 km2, the average conductive heat flux over that area is >25 W/m2, and the conductive-boundary length <50 m. Observational records of hydrothermal discharge are likely too short to document long-term transients, whether they are intrinsic to the system or owe to various geologic events such as the eruption of Lassen Peak at 27 ka, deglaciation beginning 18 ka, the eruptions of Chaos Crags at 1.1 ka, or the minor 1914-1917 eruption at the summit of Lassen Peak. However, there is a rich record of intermittent hydrothermal measurement over the past several decades and more-frequent measurement 2009 present. These data reveal sensitivity to climate and weather conditions, seasonal variability that owes to interaction with the shallow hydrologic system, and a transient 1.5- to twofold increase in high-chloride discharge in response to an earthquake swarm in mid-November 2014. C1 [Ingebritsen, Steven E.; Bergfeld, Deborah; Clor, Laura E.; Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5456 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DD8YT UT WOS:000370213500032 ER PT J AU Evans, BW Hildreth, W Bachmann, O Scaillet, B AF Evans, Bernard W. Hildreth, Wes Bachmann, Olivier Scaillet, Bruno TI In defense of magnetite-ilmenite thermometry in the Bishop Tuff and its implication for gradients in silicic magma reservoirs SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bishop Tuff; ilmenite-magnetite thermometry; TiO2 activity; reduced magmas; "bright rims"; melt inclusions; magma recharge; CO2 effect ID LIQUIDUS PHASE-RELATIONS; IRON-TITANIUM OXIDES; LACHLAN FOLD BELT; A-TYPE GRANITES; FE-TI OXIDES; HAPLOGRANITE SYSTEM; MELT INCLUSIONS; NEW-MEXICO; BANDELIER-TUFF; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB Despite claims to the contrary, the compositions of magnetite and ilmenite in the Bishop Tuff correctly record the changing conditions of T and f(o2) in the magma reservoir. In relatively reduced (Delta NNO < 1) siliceous magmas (e.g., Bishop Tuff, Taupo units), Ti behaves compatibly (D-Ti approximate to 2-3.5), leading to a decrease in TiO2 activity in the melt with cooling and fractionation. In contrast, FeTi-oxides are poorer in TiO2 in more oxidized magmas (Delta NNO > 1, e.g., Fish Canyon Tuff, Pinatubo), and the d(aTiO(2))/dT slope can be negative. Biotite, FeTi-oxides, liquid, and possibly plagioclase largely maintained equilibrium in the Bishop Tuff magma (unlike the pyroxenes, and cores of quartz, sanidine, and zircon) prior to and during a mixing event triggered by a deeper recharge, which, based on elemental diffusion profiles in minerals, took place at least several decades before eruption. Equilibrating phases and pumice compositions show evolving chemical variations that correlate well with mutually consistent temperatures based on the FeTi-oxides, sanidine-plagioclase, and Delta O-18 quartz-magnetite pairs. Early Bishop Tuff (EBT) temperatures are lower (700 to similar to 780 degrees C) than temperatures (780 to >820 degrees C) registered in Late Bishop Tuff (LBT), the latter defined here not strictly stratigraphically, but by the presence of orthopyroxene and reverse-zoned rims on quartz and sanidine. The claimed similarity in compositions, Zr-saturation temperatures and thermodynamically calculated temperatures (730-740 degrees C) between EBT and less evolved LBT reflect the use of glass inclusions in quartz cores in LBT that were inherited from the low-temperature rhyolitic part of the reservoir characteristic of the EBT. LBT temperatures as high as 820 degrees C, the preservation of orthopyroxene, and the presence of reverse-zoned minerals (quartz, sanidine, zircons) are consistent with magma recharge at the base of the zoned reservoir, heating the cooler rhyolitic melt, partly remelting cumulate mush, and introducing enough CO2 (0.4-1.4 wt%, mostly contained in the exsolved fluid phase) to significantly lower H2O-activity in the system. C1 [Evans, Bernard W.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hildreth, Wes] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bachmann, Olivier] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Geochem & Petrol, Clausiusstr 25, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Scaillet, Bruno] Univ Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, Inst Sci Terre Orleans,UMR 7327, 1A Rue Ferollerie, F-45100 Orleans, France. RP Evans, BW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bwevans@uw.edu RI Scaillet, Bruno/A-5846-2012 NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5367 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DD8YT UT WOS:000370213500045 ER PT J AU Mallon, JM Bildstein, KL Katzner, TE AF Mallon, Julie M. Bildstein, Keith L. Katzner, Todd E. TI In-flight turbulence benefits soaring birds SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Cathartes aura; contorted soaring; Coragyps atratus; flight behavior; turbulence; updraft ID TURKEY VULTURES; CORAGYPS-ATRATUS; CATHARTES-AURA; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; BLACK; SIMULATIONS; FOREST AB Birds use atmospheric updrafts to subsidize soaring flight. We observed highly variable soaring flight by Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) and Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) in Virginia, USA, that was inconsistent with published descriptions of terrestrial avian flight. Birds engaging in this behavior regularly deviated vertically and horizontally from linear flight paths. We observed the soaring flight behavior of these 2 species to understand why they soar in this manner and when this behavior occurs. Vultures used this type of soaring mainly at low altitudes (< 50 m), along forest edges, and when conditions were poor for thermal development. Because of the tortuous nature of this flight, we describe it as "contorted soaring.'' The primary air movement suitable to subsidize flight at this altitude and under these atmospheric conditions is small-scale, shear-induced turbulence, which our results suggest can be an important resource for soaring birds because it permits continuous subsidized flight when other types of updraft are not available. C1 [Mallon, Julie M.; Katzner, Todd E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bildstein, Keith L.] Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Orwigsburg, PA USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Mallon, Julie M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mallon, JM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.; Mallon, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jmmallon@umd.edu OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU Hawk Mountain Sanctuary; Burket-Plack Foundation FX This research was supported by funding from Hawk Mountain Sanctuary and the Burket-Plack Foundation. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2016 VL 133 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1642/AUK-15-114.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DE1WT UT WOS:000370417900008 ER PT J AU DeFlorio, MJ Goodwin, ID Cayan, DR Miller, AJ Ghan, SJ Pierce, DW Russell, LM Singh, B AF DeFlorio, Michael J. Goodwin, Ian D. Cayan, Daniel R. Miller, Arthur J. Ghan, Steven J. Pierce, David W. Russell, Lynn M. Singh, Balwinder TI Interannual modulation of subtropical Atlantic boreal summer dust variability by ENSO SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Dust; ENSO; NAO; CESM; Teleconnections; Decadal variability ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; AFRICAN DUST; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE MODELS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; EMISSION MODEL; MINERAL DUST; GOCART MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT AB Dust variability in the climate system has been studied for several decades, yet there remains an incomplete understanding of the dynamical mechanisms controlling interannual and decadal variations in dust transport. The sparseness of multi-year observational datasets has limited our understanding of the relationship between climate variations and atmospheric dust. We use available in situ and satellite observations of dust and a century-length fully coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulation to show that the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts a control on North African dust transport during boreal summer. In CESM, this relationship is stronger over the dusty tropical North Atlantic than near Barbados, one of the few sites having a multi-decadal observed record. During strong La Nina summers in CESM, a statistically significant increase in lower tropospheric easterly wind is associated with an increase in North African dust transport over the Atlantic. Barbados dust and Pacific SST variability are only weakly correlated in both observations and CESM, suggesting that other processes are controlling the cross-basin variability of dust. We also use our CESM simulation to show that the relationship between downstream North African dust transport and ENSO fluctuates on multidecadal timescales and is associated with a phase shift in the North Atlantic Oscillation. Our findings indicate that existing observations of dust over the tropical North Atlantic are not extensive enough to completely describe the variability of dust and dust transport, and demonstrate the importance of global models to supplement and interpret observational records. C1 [DeFlorio, Michael J.; Cayan, Daniel R.; Miller, Arthur J.; Pierce, David W.; Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0208, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goodwin, Ian D.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, N Ryde, NSW, Australia. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Ghan, Steven J.; Singh, Balwinder] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP DeFlorio, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0208, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mdeflori@ucsd.edu RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 FU NSF [AGS-1048995]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO1830] FX This study forms a portion of the Ph.D. dissertation of M.J.D. Funding was provided by NSF (AGS-1048995), and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM program). Battelle Memorial Institute operates the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the DOE under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. We are grateful for the contribution made by Joseph M. Prospero (RSMAS, U. Miami), who provided us with the Barbados dust record. We also acknowledge Cynthia Twohy (NorthWest Research Associates and SIO) and Diego Melgar (UC-Berkeley) for improving the manuscript, and for assistance with the pseudo-principal component spectral analysis used in this study. Our CESM simulation can be accessed via an email inquiry (mdeflori@ucsd.edu). NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 585 EP 599 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2600-7 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6NE UT WOS:000370040100037 ER PT J AU Ray, GC Hufford, GL Overland, JE Krupnik, I McCormick-Ray, J Frey, K Labunski, E AF Ray, G. Carleton Hufford, Gary L. Overland, James E. Krupnik, Igor McCormick-Ray, Jerry Frey, Karen Labunski, Elizabeth TI Decadal Bering Sea seascape change: consequences for Pacific walruses and indigenous hunters SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; climate change; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; Pacific walrus; sea ice; seascape; subsistence hunting ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE; ROSMARUS; WIND AB The most significant factors currently affecting the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) population are climate change and consequent changes in sea-ice morphology and dynamics. This paper integrates recent physical sea-ice change in the Bering Sea with biological and ecological conditions of walruses in their winter-spring reproductive habitat. Historically, walrus in winter-spring depended on a critical mass of sea-ice habitat to optimize social networking, reproductive fitness, feeding behavior, migration, and energetic efficiency. During 2003-2013, our cross-disciplinary, multiscale analysis from shipboard observations, satellite imagery, and ice-floe tracking, reinforced by information from indigenous subsistence hunters, documented change of sea-ice structure from a plastic continuum to a "mixing bowl" of ice floes moving more independently. This fragmentation of winter habitat preconditions the walrus population toward dispersal mortality and will also negatively affect the availability of resources for indigenous communities. We urge an expanded research and management agenda that integrates walrus natural history and habitat more completely with changing sea-ice morphology and dynamics at multiple scales, while also meeting the needs of local communities. C1 [Ray, G. Carleton; McCormick-Ray, Jerry] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hufford, Gary L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Arctic Studies Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Frey, Karen] Clark Univ, Dept Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Labunski, Elizabeth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ray, GC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM cr@virginia.edu FU North Pacific Research Board; U.S. Marine Mammal Commission: Assessing changing habitats of ice-dependent marine mammals of Beringia [P10-72213]; NOAA Arctic Project of the Climate Program Office; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Global Biodiversity Fund of the University of Virginia; PMEL [4239] FX The senior author is deeply indebted to Francis H. "Bud" Fay for his expertise, wisdom, and friendship during our long history of associations and discussions concerning Pacific walruses. Others also contributed significantly with respect to natural history and management, notably John J. Burns, formerly of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and R.V. Miller of NOAA/NMFS National Marine Mammal Laboratory. We particularly thank Captains Oliver (in 2006) and Lindstrom (in 2007, 2008) of the icebreaker USGC Healy, and the officers, crew, technical personnel, and our companion scientists for assistance. Steve Roberts of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, made on-board satellite imagery available. Chief Scientist J. M. Grebmeier, and L. W. Cooper (University of Maryland) made research aboard USCGC Healy in 2006 possible. In 2007, we were similarly supported on the Healy by Chief Scientist Raymond Sombrotto (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University). In all years, Kathy Kuletz of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage (supported all by the North Pacific Research Board) supported with surveys. In 2007 and 2008, Michael Cameron and colleagues of the NOAA National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, provided walrus observations. In 2008, Chadwick Jay and Anthony Fischbach, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, provided the same. Brad Benter of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service very kindly shared Gambell walrus catch data in Table. Leonard Apangalook, Sr. (deceased), Paul Apangalook, Chester Noongwook, Aaron Iworrigan, Conrad Oozeva, George Noongwook, and other local experts from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, shared their knowledge on ice associations, behavior, and distributions of walruses and seals on numerous occasions during 2003-2013. We are grateful to the Eskimo Walrus Commission for a thorough discussion of our project at its meeting in Nome, Alaska (December 2003) and for support in presenting preliminary results of our work to indigenous walrus captains in the communities of Gambell and Savoonga, St. Lawrence Island (February 2004). Lyudmila Bogoslovskaya from the Russian Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage in Moscow, Russia, contributed reports from local hunters of Russian Beringian communities. Robert L Smith, Charlottesville, Virginia, formatted the illustrations. This paper was supported, in part, by contract number P10-72213 of the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission: Assessing changing habitats of ice-dependent marine mammals of Beringia. J. E. Overland was supported by the NOAA Arctic Project of the Climate Program Office; PMEL contribution Number 4239. We also wish to express our thanks for support of publication costs to the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, and the Global Biodiversity Fund of the University of Virginia. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 24 EP 41 DI 10.1890/15-0430 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8ZY UT WOS:000369511000004 PM 27039507 ER PT J AU Zeglin, LH Wang, BW Waythomas, C Rainey, F Talbot, SL AF Zeglin, Lydia H. Wang, Bronwen Waythomas, Christopher Rainey, Frederick Talbot, Sandra L. TI Organic matter quantity and source affects microbial community structure and function following volcanic eruption on Kasatochi Island, Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; AUGUST 2008 ERUPTION; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SOIL; NITROGEN; BACTERIAL; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM AB In August 2008, Kasatochi volcano erupted and buried a small island in pyroclastic deposits and fine ash; since then, microbes, plants and birds have begun to re-colonize the initially sterile surface. Five years post-eruption, bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) copy numbers and extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) potentials were one to two orders of magnitude greater in pyroclastic materials with organic matter (OM) inputs relative to those without, despite minimal accumulation of OM (< 0.2% C). When normalized by OM levels, post-eruptive surfaces with OM inputs had the highest beta-glucosidase, phosphatase, NAGase and cellobiohydrolase activities, and had microbial population sizes approaching those in reference soils. In contrast, the strongest factor determining bacterial community composition was the dominance of plants versus birds as OM input vectors. Although soil pH ranged from 3.9 to 7.0, and % C ranged 100x, differentiation between plant-and bird-associated microbial communities suggested that cell dispersal or nutrient availability are more likely drivers of assembly than pH or OM content. This study exemplifies the complex relationship between microbial cell dispersal, soil geochemistry, and microbial structure and function; and illustrates the potential for soil microbiota to be resilient to disturbance. C1 [Zeglin, Lydia H.; Wang, Bronwen; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Waythomas, Christopher] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rainey, Frederick] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Zeglin, Lydia H.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zeglin, LH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.; Zeglin, LH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM lzeglin@ksu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Fellowship Program; USGS Alaska Regional Director's Office; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR) FX This work was undertaken with the support of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Fellowship Program (to LHZ), the USGS Alaska Regional Director's Office and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR). Valuable field expertise was provided by Steve Talbot (USFWS Alaska Region), Jeff Williams and the captain and crew of the Research Vessel Tiglax (USFWS AMNWR), and expert lab advice was provided by Kevin Sage and Sarah Sonsthagen. Ari Jumponnen provided useful comments on the manuscript, and we also appreciate the constructive feedback of the reviewers of this manuscript. All authors declare no conflict of interest; and any use of trade, product or firm name in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 18 IS 1 BP 146 EP 158 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12924 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DE5LN UT WOS:000370672600013 PM 26032670 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ Topping, DJ Schmidt, JC Griffiths, RE Sabol, TA AF Dean, David J. Topping, David J. Schmidt, John C. Griffiths, Ronald E. Sabol, Thomas A. TI Sediment supply versus local hydraulic controls on sediment transport and storage in a river with large sediment loads SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; acoustics; Rio Grande; sediment budget; channel change; dams ID GRAIN-SIZE EVOLUTION; SCALE DAM REMOVAL; GLEN CANYON DAM; BIG BEND REGION; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; COLORADO RIVER; RIO-GRANDE; NEW-MEXICO; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; VERTICAL ACCRETION AB The Rio Grande in the Big Bend region of Texas, USA, and Chihuahua and Coahuila, Mexico, undergoes rapid geomorphic changes as a result of its large sediment supply and variable hydrology; thus, it is a useful natural laboratory to investigate the relative importance of flow strength and sediment supply in controlling alluvial channel change. We analyzed a suite of sediment transport and geomorphic data to determine the cumulative influence of different flood types on changing channel form. In this study, physically based analyses suggest that channel change in the Rio Grande is controlled by both changes in flow strength and sediment supply over different spatial and temporal scales. Channel narrowing is primarily caused by substantial deposition of sediment supplied to the Rio Grande during tributary-sourced flash floods. Tributary floods have large suspended-sediment concentrations, occur for short durations, and attenuate rapidly downstream in the Rio Grande, depositing much of their sediment in downstream reaches. Long-duration floods on the mainstem have the capacity to enlarge the Rio Grande, and these floods, released from upstream dams, can either erode or deposit sediment in the Rio Grande depending upon the antecedent in-channel sediment supply and the magnitude and duration of the flood. Geomorphic and sediment transport analyses show that the locations and rates of sand erosion and deposition during long-duration floods are most strongly controlled by spatial changes in flow strength, largely through changes in channel slope. However, spatial differences in the in-channel sediment supply regulate sediment evacuation or accumulation over time in long reaches (greater than a kilometer). C1 [Dean, David J.; Topping, David J.; Griffiths, Ronald E.; Sabol, Thomas A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schmidt, John C.] Utah State Univ, Quinney Coll Nat Resources, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM djdean@usgs.gov FU National Park Service (NPS); Commission of Environmental Cooperation (CEC); U.S. Geological Survey; Southwest Biological Science Center; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX Acoustic and physical suspended-sediment sample data can be obtained at the following website: http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/. Additional data can be obtained from the authors. Funding for this study was provided by the National Park Service (NPS), the Commission of Environmental Cooperation (CEC), the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Thanks to NPS staff Jeff Bennett, Joe Sirotnak, David Larson, Phil Wilson, Billie Brauch, Keith Sauter, and the River Rangers within Big Bend National Park. Special thanks to Hunter Edwards, who maintained the sediment gages, and Jeff Kelsch, Jeff Renfrow, Kelon Crawford, Dana Milani, and Trevor Bryan for their workwith Hunter Edwards in collecting the data used to calibrate and verify the pump and acoustic measurements. Thanks to David Sibley and Megan Hines at the USGS CIDA, and Bradley Garner at the USGS AZ WSC for website development and the online serving of sediment-transport data. Thanks to Patrick Belmont and the USU Fine-Sediment Lab for the loan of automatic pump samplers. Thanks to John Buffington, Amy East, Brandon McElroy, Joel Sankey, Ted Melis, and two anonymous reviewers for their instructive comments on improving this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 111 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 82 EP 110 DI 10.1002/2015JF003436 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DE2HG UT WOS:000370447300005 ER PT J AU Heirwegh, CM Campbell, JL Czamanske, GK AF Heirwegh, Christopher M. Campbell, John L. Czamanske, Gerald K. TI Refinement of major- and minor-element PIXE analysis of rocks and minerals SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE PIXE; Geochemistry; Standardization; Accuracy; Detector linearity ID SILICATE MINERALS; MICRO-PIXE; RAY; STANDARDS; ENERGIES AB An attempt has been made to assess the accuracy of the particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) fundamental parameters with standards approach to quantifying major- and minor-element constituents of silicate glasses and minerals. A deviation from linearity at low energies in the channel-energy calibration relationship was identified as a source of undesired residues in GUPIX-fitting. A correction for this effect was developed using a general-purpose spectrum fitting program and was incorporated in GUPIX. The PIXE spectra of sixteen well-characterized electron microprobe standards were then processed. Complementary electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) measurements were used to support the comparison of the PIXE results with previous characterizations. Major element concentrations were found to differ on average from literature values as follows: SiO2 (-0.28 +/- 0.12%), Al2O3 (0.72 +/- 0.74%), MgO (0.11 +/- 0.63%), Na2O (-2.6 +/- 1.2%), K2O (1.1 +/- 0.7%), Cab (-0.35 +/- 0.37%), TiO2 (2.5 +/- 1.9%), MnO (0.8 +/- 4.7%), FeO (0.98 +/- 0.93%). These results indicate that major and minor elemental analysis can be achieved with high accuracy using the present Guelph micro-PIXE setup. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heirwegh, Christopher M.; Campbell, John L.] Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Czamanske, Gerald K.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Czamanske, Gerald K.] 750 West Greenwich Pl, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Heirwegh, CM (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM cheirweg@uoguelph.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency [9F052-110786] FX The work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by the Canadian Space Agency (contract 9F052-110786). The authors thank J.A. Maxwell for software assistance, WJ. Teesdale for providing the necessary accelerator beams, and P.L. King for providing the Broken Tank basalt sample. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 366 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.10.018 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA DE2NQ UT WOS:000370464400007 ER PT J AU Kimball, SM Hutchinson, DR AF Kimball, Suzette M. Hutchinson, Deborah R. TI USGS Leverages Extended Continental Shelf Research To Address Deep-Sea Science Issues SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Kimball, Suzette M.; Hutchinson, Deborah R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kimball, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA DE0JC UT WOS:000370310200006 ER PT J AU Nobriga, ML Rosenfield, JA AF Nobriga, Matthew L. Rosenfield, Jonathan A. TI Population Dynamics of an Estuarine Forage Fish: Disaggregating Forces Driving Long-Term Decline of Longfin Smelt in California's San Francisco Estuary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FLOW; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; PELAGIC FISHES; RECRUITMENT; RIVER; ABUNDANCE; THREATS; CONSEQUENCES; PRODUCTIVITY AB Forage fish production has become a central concern of fisheries and ecosystem managers because populations of small fish are a critical energetic pathway between primary producers and predator populations. Management of forage fish often focuses on controlling exploitation rates, but it is also possible to manage productivity of these species in coastal ecosystems, particularly estuaries. Like several forage fish species that are native to the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) in California, the Longfin Smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys has experienced dramatic population declines over the past few decades. This population is not fished commercially or recreationally; trends in its relative abundance have been described statistically, but the mechanisms that drive population dynamics are still poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate alternative conceptual models of Longfin Smelt population dynamics to better understand the forces that may constrain the species' productivity during different phases of its life cycle. We created contrasting variants of a generalizable population model (the Ricker model) and parameterized those variants using empirical data from a long-term sampling program in the SFE. Predictions from alternative models were compared with empirical results from a second (independent) data series of relative abundance to identify the model variants that best captured the empirical trend. The results indicated that (1) freshwater flow had a positive association with recruits per spawner and (2) both recruits per spawner and spawners per recruit appeared to be density-dependent life stage transitions. Juvenile survival may have declined to some extent, but we could not conclusively demonstrate this. By constraining the possible timing and location of mechanisms that modulate productivity at different life stages, the present results improve our understanding of production for a key native forage fish in the SFE. C1 [Nobriga, Matthew L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bay Delta Fish & Wildlife Off, 650 Capitol Mall,Suite 8-300, Sacramento, CA 95831 USA. [Rosenfield, Jonathan A.] Bay Inst, Pier 39,Box 200, San Francisco, CA 94133 USA. RP Nobriga, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bay Delta Fish & Wildlife Off, 650 Capitol Mall,Suite 8-300, Sacramento, CA 95831 USA. EM matt_nobriga@fws.gov NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1100136 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000005 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Bunnell, DB AF Pothoven, Steven A. Bunnell, David B. TI A Shift in Bloater Consumption in Lake Michigan between 1993 and 2011 and Its Effects on Diporeia and Mysis Prey SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; ENERGY DENSITY; COREGONUS-HOYI; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; FISH COMMUNITY; HURON; ALEWIVES; SPP.; DISAPPEARANCE AB Bioenergetics modeling was used to determine individual and population consumption by Bloater Coregonus hoyi in Lake Michigan during three time periods with variable Bloater density: 1993-1996 (high), 1998-2002 (intermediate), and 2009-2011 (low). Despite declines in Bloater abundance between 1993 and 2011, our results did not show any density-dependent compensatory response in annual individual consumption, specific consumption, or proportion of maximum consumption consumed. Diporeia spp. accounted for a steadily decreasing fraction of annual consumption, and Bloater were apparently unable to eat enough Mysis diluviana or other prey to account for the loss of Diporeia in the environment. The fraction of production of both Diporeia and Mysis that was consumed by the Bloater population decreased over time so that the consumption-to-production ratio for Diporeia + Mysis was 0.74, 0.26, and 0.14 in 1993-1996, 1998-2002, and 2009-2011, respectively. Although high Bloater numbers in the 1980s to 1990s may have had an influence on populations of Diporeia, Bloater were not the main factor driving Diporeia to a nearly complete disappearance because Diporeia continued to decline when Bloater predation demands were lessening. Thus, there appears to be a decoupling in the inverse relationship between predator and prey abundance in Lake Michigan. Compared with Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, the other dominant planktivore in the lake, Bloater have a lower specific consumption and higher gross conversion efficiency (GCE), indicating that the lake can support a higher biomass of Bloater than Alewife. However, declines in Bloater GCE since the 1970s and the absence of positive responses in consumption variables following declines in abundance suggest that productivity in Lake Michigan might not be able to support the same biomass of Bloater as in the past. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1094130 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000006 ER PT J AU Fritts, MW Grunwald, C Wirgin, I King, TL Peterson, DL AF Fritts, Mark W. Grunwald, Cheryl Wirgin, Isaac King, Tim L. Peterson, Douglas L. TI Status and Genetic Character of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Satilla River, Georgia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; UNITED-STATES; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; STOCK STRUCTURE; ALTAMAHA RIVER; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION; SOFTWARE; CONSERVATION AB The Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus is an important component of biodiversity along the Atlantic coast of North America, but most populations have been decimated by habitat degradation and chronic overfishing. Historically, spawning populations existed in all major Atlantic coast rivers from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, to the St. Johns River, Florida, but fisheries surveys conducted in the past two decades suggest that several populations at the southern extent of this range are now extirpated or have declined to remnant status. Our objective was to assess the abundance and genetic character of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Satilla River, Georgia. Using entanglement gears, we expended over 2,800 h of sampling effort and captured a total of 193 Atlantic Sturgeon in tidally influenced reaches of the river during 2008-2010. Of the 157 fish that were collected in 2010, 72 were identified as river-resident juveniles (ages 0-1). Genetic analyses of a subset (n = 61) of these juveniles revealed (1) depauperate levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype diversity and (2) the presence of large family units based on microsatellite DNA multilocus genotypes, collectively suggesting that very few parents produced the 2008 year-class. The mtDNA and microsatellite analyses both indicated that juveniles in the Satilla River population were genetically distinct from other populations in the South Atlantic Distinct Population Segment. Atlantic Sturgeon life history characteristics and the present results suggest that sampled juveniles from the 2008 year-class were the offspring of a small remnant pool of Satilla River adults; however, a full description of the population's genetic character and origin will require additional juvenile samples from future year-classes. C1 [Fritts, Mark W.; Peterson, Douglas L.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Grunwald, Cheryl; Wirgin, Isaac] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Fritts, Mark W.] Illinois River Biol Stn, 704 North Schrader Ave, Havana, IL 62644 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sturgeon@uga.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX This work was funded with a grant from the National Marine Fisheries Service. We thank B. Dibble, R. Cosgrove, A. Claus, and M. Bednarski for their support throughout this project; N. Roy for assistance in statistical analyses; B. Lubinski for assistance with microsatellite DNA genotyping; and A. Fritts for her assistance in reviewing an early draft of the manuscript. We acknowledge instrumentation support from the Molecular Facility Core of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center ES-000260 at New York University School of Medicine. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This information does not represent and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1094131 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000007 ER PT J AU Howell, PJ Colvin, ME Sankovich, PM Buchanan, DV Hemmingsen, AR AF Howell, Philip J. Colvin, Michael E. Sankovich, Paul M. Buchanan, David V. Hemmingsen, Alan R. TI Life Histories, Demography, and Distribution of a Fluvial Bull Trout Population SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; PROGRAM MARK; RIVER SYSTEM; HABITAT USE; SURVIVAL; MONTANA; OREGON; GROWTH AB To describe the life histories and demography of a fluvial population of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus, we PIT-tagged and radio-tagged Bull Trout captured in Mill Creek, a tributary of the Walla Walla River (Washington-Oregon), during 1998-2009. Adult abundance declined 63% during 2006-2010, driven primarily by a 10-fold reduction in subadult-to-adult returns. Larger subadults and fall-winter emigrants survived at higher rates, but they were a small proportion of the subadult migrants. The survival rates of larger, generally older adults were also more than 40% greater than those of smaller adults. Changes in abundance influenced other characteristics of the population. For example, adult upstream movement into spawning areas during 1999-2005 peaked in late July, whereas the smaller runs observed during 2006-2010 peaked in early September, and the relationship between fish size and migration timing shifted. Unlike many adfluvial populations, more than 90% of the adults in Mill Creek spawned annually. Bull Trout that spawned in main-stem Mill Creek were primarily larger migratory adults; however, about 20% of the large adults were strictly or intermittently resident, remaining in the spawning area year-round. The downstream extent of individuals' migratory distributions varied greatly-from just downstream of the spawning area to the mouth of the Walla Walla River and potentially hundreds of kilometers into the Columbia River. Despite a large sample size of radio-tagged fish, radiotelemetry substantially underestimated the distribution and range that were evident from PIT tag detections. Life history terms such as "migratory," "resident," and "fluvial" and their associations with body size, movement, and distribution are useful for describing general patterns, but they fail to reflect the diversity and complexity within and among populations. For Bull Trout in Mill Creek, that life history diversity, including small, resident adult forms in the tributaries and a continuum of distribution for large adults, maximizes the use of available habitat and likely contributes to the population's persistence. C1 [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Colvin, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sankovich, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, La Grande Field Off, 3502 Highway 30, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Buchanan, David V.; Hemmingsen, Alan R.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Colvin, Michael E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Howell, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM pjhowell@fs.fed.us FU Bonneville Power Administration; USFS; ODFW; USFWS FX Larry Boe (USFS) operated the downstream and upstream traps throughout the study and tracked the radio-tagged fish; Jason Shappart and Steve Starcevich (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife [ODFW]) assisted with radio-tagging; Lisa Sommerfield and Lisa Borgerson (ODFW) read the scale samples; Don Anglin, Darren Gallion, Marshall Barrows, Ryan Koch, and Courtney Newlon (USFWS) collaborated on the later PIT-tagging portions of the study and constructed, installed, and maintained most of the PIT tag detection arrays; James Peterson (USGS, Oregon Cooperative Fishery Research Unit) helped with initial analyses in Program MARK; and Teri Moore and Steve Jacobs (ODFW) organized the trap data into an Access database that facilitated analysis. We thank Tracy Bowerman, Robert Al-Chokhachy, and four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, USFS, ODFW, and USFWS. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 173 EP 194 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1105870 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000014 ER PT J AU James, DA Chipps, SR AF James, Daniel A. Chipps, Steven R. TI Influence of Didymosphenia geminata Blooms on Prey Composition and Associated Diet and Growth of Brown Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIATOM DIDYMOSPHENIA; SALMO-TRUTTA; SIZE; STREAM; TEMPERATURE; ONTOGENY; WEIGHT; LENGTH AB We compared diet, stomach fullness, condition, and growth of Brown Trout Salmo trutta among streams with or without blooms of the benthic diatom Didymosphenia geminata in the Black Hills, South Dakota. In Rapid Creek, where D. geminata blooms covered similar to 30% of the stream bottom, Brown Trout consumed fewer ephemeropterans (6-8% by weight) than individuals from two stream sections that have not had D. geminata blooms (Castle and Spearfish creeks; 13-39% by weight). In contrast, dipterans (primarily Chironomidae) represented a larger percentage of Brown Trout diets from Rapid Creek (D. geminata blooms present; 16-28% dry weight) compared with diets of trout from streams without D. geminata blooms (6-19% dry weight). Diets of small Brown Trout (100-199 mm TL) reflected the invertebrate species composition in benthic stream samples; in Rapid Creek, ephemeropterans were less abundant whereas dipterans were more abundant than in streams without D. geminata blooms. Stomach fullness and condition of Brown Trout from Rapid Creek were generally greater than those of Brown Trout from other populations. Linkages among invertebrate availability, diet composition, and condition of Brown Trout support the hypothesis that changes in invertebrate assemblages associated with D. geminata (i.e., more Chironomidae) could be contributing to high recruitmnt seuccess for small Brown Trout in Rapid Creek. C1 [James, Daniel A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Biostress Lab, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Biostress Lab, US Geol Survey,South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildl, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [James, Daniel A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 420 South Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RP James, DA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Biostress Lab, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; James, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 420 South Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM daniel_james@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-15-R 1514] FX We thank J. Wilhite from the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks and B. Martens from South Dakota State University for field and laboratory assistance. This research was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University, and the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. Funding for this project was provided through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-15-R 1514, administered by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1111255 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000015 ER PT J AU Binder, TR Riley, SC Holbrook, CM Hansen, MJ Bergstedt, RA Bronte, CR He, J Krueger, CC AF Binder, Thomas R. Riley, Stephen C. Holbrook, Christopher M. Hansen, Michael J. Bergstedt, Roger A. Bronte, Charles R. He, Ji Krueger, Charles C. TI Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SEA-LAMPREY; CHINOOK SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; CHEMOSENSORY CUES AB Fidelity to high-quality spawning sites helps ensure that adults repeatedly spawn at sites that maximize reproductive success. Fidelity is also an important behavioural characteristic to consider when hatchery-reared individuals are stocked for species restoration, because artificial rearing environments may interfere with cues that guide appropriate spawning site selection. Acoustic telemetry was used in conjunction with Cormack-Jolly-Seber capture-recapture models to compare degree of spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron. Annual survival was estimated to be between 77% and 81% and did not differ among wild and hatchery males and females. Site fidelity estimates were high in both wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (ranging from 0.78 to 0.94, depending on group and time filter), but were slightly lower in hatchery-reared fish than in wild fish. The ecological implication of the small difference in site fidelity between wild and hatchery-reared lake trout is unclear, but similarities in estimates suggest that many hatchery-reared fish use similar spawning sites to wild fish and that most return to those sites annually for spawning. C1 [Binder, Thomas R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Holbrook, Christopher M.; Hansen, Michael J.; Bergstedt, Roger A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [He, Ji] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Dept Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Binder, TR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM tr.binder@gmail.com OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission [GL-00E23010-3] FX Thanks go to E. Larson, H. Thompson, C. Wright, J. Van Effen, M. Lancewicz, L. Lesmeister, D. Operhall, B. Lamoreux, S. Farha, Z. Wickert, J. Osga, Z. Holmes, S. Miehls, S. Seegert, J. Hinderer, R. Darnton, K. Smith, and P. Wigren for their assistance in the field and to P. Barbeaux and the Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority (M. Ebener, R. Reining, A. Handziak, and D. Pine) for their assistance in procuring lake trout for tagging. Thanks also go to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this paper. This work was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission by way of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL-00E23010-3). This paper is contribution 15 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System (GLATOS) and contribution number 1950 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 18 EP 34 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0175 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500003 ER PT J AU Klobucar, SL Budy, P AF Klobucar, Stephen L. Budy, Phaedra TI Consequences of seasonal variation in reservoir water level for predatory fishes: linking visual foraging and prey densities SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUPERIOR PELAGIC COMMUNITY; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; FLAMING GORGE RESERVOIR; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COARSE WOODY HABITAT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKE TROUT; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; CUTTHROAT TROUT; LIGHT AB In reservoirs, seasonal drawdown can alter the physical environment and may influence predatory fish performance. We investigated the performance of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a western reservoir by coupling field measurements with visual foraging and bioenergetic models at four distinct states (early summer, mid-summer, late summer, and fall). The models suggested that lake trout prey, juvenile kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka), are limited seasonally by suitable temperature and dissolved oxygen. Accordingly, prey densities were greatest in late summer when reservoir volume was lowest and fish were concentrated by stratification. Prey encounter rates (up to 68 fish.day(-1)) and predator consumption are also predicted to be greatest during late summer. However, our models suggested that turbidity negatively correlates with prey detection and consumption across reservoir states. Under the most turbid conditions, lake trout did not meet physiological demands; however, during less turbid periods, predator consumption reached maximum bioenergetic efficiency. Overall, our findings demonstrate that rapid reservoir fluctuations and associated abiotic conditions can influence predator-prey interactions, and our models describe the potential impacts of water level fluctuation on valuable sport fishes. C1 [Klobucar, Stephen L.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Klobucar, Stephen L.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Klobucar, SL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Klobucar, SL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM stephen.klobucar@gmail.com FU Ute Tribe Fish and Wildlife Department; Ecology Center at Utah State University; Utah State University IACUC [1539] FX Our research was supported by the Ute Tribe Fish and Wildlife Department, and we thank J. Groves, K. Cambridge, and R. Morrill for their technical assistance. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind), and The Ecology Center at Utah State University. G.P. Thiede provided extensive logistical support in the field and laboratory. K. Wilson, M. Yarnall, B. Wegleitner, and D. Weber provided additional assistance in the field. W. Wurtsbaugh, B. Neilson, D. Beauchamp, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive criticism on previous drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Utah State University IACUC protocol number 1539. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0008 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500005 ER PT J AU Goerig, E Castro-Santos, T Bergeron, NE AF Goerig, Elsa Castro-Santos, Theodore Bergeron, Normand Emile TI Brook trout passage performance through culverts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEEDS; COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW; FISH PASSAGE; VELOCITY BARRIERS; STREAM FISH; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AB Culverts can restrict access to habitat for stream-dwelling fishes. We used passive integrated transponder telemetry to quantify passage performance of >1000 wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) attempting to pass 13 culverts in Quebec under a range of hydraulic and environmental conditions. Several variables influenced passage success, including complex interactions between physiology and behavior, hydraulics, and structural characteristics. The probability of successful passage was greater through corrugated metal culverts than through smooth ones, particularly among smaller fish. Trout were also more likely to pass at warmer temperatures, but this effect diminished above 15 degrees C. Passage was impeded at higher flows, through culverts with steep slopes, and those with deep downstream pools. This study provides insight on factors influencing brook trout capacity to pass culverts as well as a model to estimate passage success under various conditions, with an improved resolution and accuracy over existing approaches. It also presents methods that could be used to investigate passage success of other species, with implications for connectivity of the riverscape. C1 [Goerig, Elsa; Bergeron, Normand Emile] Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Goerig, Elsa; Bergeron, Normand Emile] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Grp Interuniv Rech Limnol & Environm Aquat GRIL, CP 6128,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Castro-Santos, Theodore] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Goerig, E (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada.; Goerig, E (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Grp Interuniv Rech Limnol & Environm Aquat GRIL, CP 6128,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM goerig.elsa@gmail.com OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU INRS-Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement; GRIL; Ministere des Transports du Quebec; Fonds de la recherche forestiere du Saguenay-Lac Saint-Jean; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche Nature et Technologies du Quebec FX Support for this research was provided by INRS-Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, the GRIL, the Ministere des Transports du Quebec, the Fonds de la recherche forestiere du Saguenay-Lac Saint-Jean, and research scholarships to E.G. from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Fonds de recherche Nature et Technologies du Quebec. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Canadian or US governments. We thank the research assistants who helped conduct the field work: A. Boivin, M.A. Pouliot, F. Berube, J.N. Bujold, J.B. Torterotot, S. Dugdale, M. Fortin, C. Larouche, H. Bouchard, P. Marcotte, F. Pichon, J. Bedard, and M. Tisserand. We also extend special thanks to P. Johnston, M. Lafrance, and D. Boula for their inputs and guidance throughout the study, as well as to D. J. Alcott and B.H. Letcher for their generous assistance with the manuscript. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 41 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0089 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500009 ER PT J AU Korman, J Yard, MD Yackulic, CB AF Korman, Josh Yard, Michael D. Yackulic, Charles B. TI Factors controlling the abundance of rainbow trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon in a reach utilized by endangered humpback chub SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED FLOOD; REGULATED RIVER; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH; ARIZONA; GROWTH; POPULATION; MOVEMENT; RECRUITMENT; RECAPTURE AB We estimated the abundance, survival, movement, and recruitment of non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon to determine what controls their abundance near the Little Colorado River (LCR) confluence where endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) rear. Over a 3-year period, we tagged more than 70 000 trout and recovered over 8200 tagged fish. Trout density was highest (10 000-25 000 fish.km(-1)) in the reach closest to Glen Canyon Dam, where the majority of trout recruitment occurs, and was 30- to 50-fold lower (200-800 fish.km(-1)) in reaches near the LCR confluence similar to 100 km downstream. The extent of rainbow trout movement was limited with less than 1% of recaptures making movements greater than 20 km. However, because of high trout densities in upstream source areas, this small dispersal rate was sufficient to explain the threefold increase in the relatively small population near the LCR. Reducing dispersal rates of trout from upstream sources is the most feasible solution to maintain low densities near the LCR to minimize negative effects of competition and predation on humpback chub. C1 [Korman, Josh] Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. [Yard, Michael D.; Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Korman, J (reprint author), Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. EM jkorman@ecometric.com FU US Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) [G11AC20423] FX US Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) provided the logistical support and funded this study under the Grant and Cooperative Agreements No. G11AC20423. We are extremely grateful to all of the fishery technicians that have worked on this project. We thank Evan Anderson, Chelsie Arndt, Peter Atkinson, Margeaux Bestard, Erica Byerly, Tanner Carothers, Mariah Giardina, Jake Hall, Ellie Johnson, and many volunteers. We also express our thanks to the two logistical contractors Humphrey Summit Support and St. Jude Enterprises that provided the highly experienced and dedicated boat operators: Drew Andersen, Kirk Burnette, Brian Dierker, Carolyn Forenza, Dennis Harris, Jason Moore, Brett Stark, and Jamie Townsend. Additional thanks go to the GCMRC staff who also assisted on this project: Luke Avery, Glenn Bennett, Adam Coop, Kim Dibble, Carol Fritzinger, Tom Gushue, Eric Kortenhoeven, Ted Melis, Anya Metcalfe, Bill Persons, Connor Phillips, Tom Quigley, Ben Vaage, Scott VanderKooi, and Dave Ward. We thank Kevin Bestgen, an anonymous reviewer, and Keith Tierney for providing many helpful suggestions that improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 105 EP 124 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0101 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500010 ER PT J AU Yard, MD Korman, J Walters, CJ Kennedy, TA AF Yard, Michael D. Korman, Josh Walters, Carl J. Kennedy, Theodore A. TI Seasonal and spatial patterns of growth of rainbow trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; BROOK TROUT; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PARTIAL MIGRATION; FISH; SURVIVAL; FOOD AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been purposely introduced in many regulated rivers, with inadvertent consequences on native fishes. We describe how trout growth rates and condition could be influencing trout population dynamics in a 130 km section of the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam based on a large-scale mark-recapture program where similar to 8000 rainbow trout were recaptured over a 3-year period (2012-2014). There were strong temporal and spatial variations in growth in both length and weight as predicted from von Bertalanffy and bioenergetic models, respectively. There was more evidence for seasonal variation in the growth coefficient and annual variation in the asymptotic length. Bioenergetic models showed more variability for growth in weight across seasons and years than across reaches. These patterns were consistent with strong seasonal variation in invertebrate drift and effects of turbidity on foraging efficiency. Highest growth rates and relative condition occurred in downstream reaches with lower trout densities. Results indicate that reduction in rainbow trout abundance in Glen Canyon will likely increase trout size in the tailwater fishery and may reduce downstream dispersal into Grand Canyon. C1 [Yard, Michael D.; Kennedy, Theodore A.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Korman, Josh] Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S IJ3, Canada. [Walters, Carl J.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Yard, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM myard@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) [G11AC20423] FX US Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) provided the logistical support and funded this study under the Grant and Cooperative Agreements No. G11AC20423. We are extremely grateful to all of the fishery technicians that have worked on this project, which include Evan Anderson, Chelsie Arndt, Peter Atkinson, Margeaux Bestard, Erica Byerly, Tanner Carothers, Mariah Giardina, Jake Hall, Ellie Johnson, and many volunteers. We also thank the two logistical contractors, Humphrey Summit Support and St. Jude Enterprises, that provided the highly experienced and dedicated boat operators, which include Drew Andersen, Kirk Burnette, Brian Dierker, Carolyn Forenza, Dennis Harris, Jason Moore, Brett Stark, and Jamie Townsend. Additional thanks goes to the GCMRC staff that also assisted on this project, including Luke Avery, Glenn Bennett, Adam Coop, Kim Dibble, Carol Fritzinger, Tom Gushue, Eric Kortenhoeven, Ted Melis, Anya Metcalfe, Bill Persons, Connor Phillips, Tom Quigley, Ben Vaage, Scott VanderKooi, Dave Ward, and Charles Yackulic. Use of brand and firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0102 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500011 ER PT J AU Broms, KM Hooten, MB Johnson, DS Altwegg, R Conquest, LL AF Broms, Kristin M. Hooten, Mevin B. Johnson, Devin S. Altwegg, Res Conquest, Loveday L. TI Dynamic occupancy models for explicit colonization processes SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acridotheres tristis; citizen science; colonization; Common Myna; dynamic occupancy model; extinction; invasive species; multi-season model; Southern African Bird Atlas Project; spatiotemporal processes; species distribution maps ID SPECIES RANGE DYNAMICS; BAYESIAN MODEL; NEIGHBORHOOD; EXTINCTION; EXPANSION; SELECTION; SPREAD AB The dynamic, multi-season occupancy model framework has become a popular tool for modeling open populations with occupancies that change over time through local colonizations and extinctions. However, few versions of the model relate these probabilities to the occupancies of neighboring sites or patches. We present a modeling framework that incorporates this information and is capable of describing a wide variety of spatiotemporal colonization and extinction processes. A key feature of the model is that it is based on a simple set of small-scale rules describing how the process evolves. The result is a dynamic process that can account for complicated large-scale features. In our model, a site is more likely to be colonized if more of its neighbors were previously occupied and if it provides more appealing environmental characteristics than its neighboring sites. Additionally, a site without occupied neighbors may also become colonized through the inclusion of a long-distance dispersal process. Although similar model specifications have been developed for epidemiological applications, ours formally accounts for detectability using the well-known occupancy modeling framework. After demonstrating the viability and potential of this new form of dynamic occupancy model in a simulation study, we use it to obtain inference for the ongoing Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) invasion in South Africa. Our results suggest that the Common Myna continues to enlarge its distribution and its spread via short distance movement, rather than long-distance dispersal. Overall, this new modeling framework provides a powerful tool for managers examining the drivers of colonization including short- vs. long-distance dispersal, habitat quality, and distance from source populations. C1 [Broms, Kristin M.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, Stat Ecol Environm & Conservat, Dept Stat Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, African Climate & Dev Initiat, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Conquest, Loveday L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98161 USA. RP Broms, KM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kristin.broms@rams.colostate.edu FU National Research Foundation of South Africa [85802] FX The authors would like to thank all the volunteers who contributed to the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, and the reviewers for their suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. R. Altwegg was supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant 85802). The NRF accepts no liability for opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 1 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1890/15-0416.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DD3VZ UT WOS:000369852600021 PM 27008788 ER PT J AU Scown, MW Thoms, MC De Jager, NR AF Scown, M. W. Thoms, M. C. De Jager, N. R. TI An index of floodplain surface complexity SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODPLAIN; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; SCALE; CONNECTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; MORPHOLOGY; AUSTRALIA; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS AB Floodplain surface topography is an important component of floodplain ecosystems. It is the primary physical template upon which ecosystem processes are acted out, and complexity in this template can contribute to the high biodiversity and productivity of floodplain ecosystems. There has been a limited appreciation of floodplain surface complexity because of the traditional focus on temporal variability in floodplains as well as limitations to quantifying spatial complexity. An index of floodplain surface complexity (FSC) is developed in this paper and applied to eight floodplains from different geographic settings. The index is based on two key indicators of complexity, variability in surface geometry (VSG) and the spatial organisation of surface conditions (SPO), and was determined at three sampling scales. FSC, VSG, and SPO varied between the eight floodplains and these differences depended upon sampling scale. Relationships between these measures of spatial complexity and seven geomorphological and hydrological drivers were investigated. There was a significant decline in all complexity measures with increasing floodplain width, which was explained by either a power, logarithmic, or exponential function. There was an initial rapid decline in surface complexity as floodplain width increased from 1.5 to 5 km, followed by little change in floodplains wider than 10 km. VSG also increased significantly with increasing sediment yield. No significant relationships were determined between any of the four hydrological variables and floodplain surface complexity. C1 [Scown, M. W.; Thoms, M. C.] Univ New England, Riverine Landscapes Res Lab, Armidale, NSW, Australia. [De Jager, N. R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Scown, MW (reprint author), Univ New England, Riverine Landscapes Res Lab, Armidale, NSW, Australia. EM mscown2@myune.edu.au OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125; Scown, Murray/0000-0003-0663-7937 FU University of New England; USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center FX The authors wish to thank Janet Hooke and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments on earlier versions greatly improved the manuscript. The authors wish to acknowledge support from the University of New England and the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, without which this research would not have been possible. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Data to support this article are available from the authors. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2016 VL 20 IS 1 BP 431 EP 441 DI 10.5194/hess-20-431-2016 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DD1GD UT WOS:000369668400025 ER PT J AU Treat, CC Jones, MC Camill, P Gallego-Sala, A Garneau, M Harden, JW Hugelius, G Klein, ES Kokfelt, U Kuhry, P Loisel, J Mathijssen, PJH O'Donnell, JA Oksanen, PO Ronkainen, TM Sannel, ABK Talbot, J Tarnocai, C Valiranta, M AF Treat, C. C. Jones, M. C. Camill, P. Gallego-Sala, A. Garneau, M. Harden, J. W. Hugelius, G. Klein, E. S. Kokfelt, U. Kuhry, P. Loisel, J. Mathijssen, P. J. H. O'Donnell, J. A. Oksanen, P. O. Ronkainen, T. M. Sannel, A. B. K. Talbot, J. Tarnocai, C. Valiranta, M. TI Effects of permafrost aggradation on peat properties as determined from a pan-Arctic synthesis of plant macrofossils SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE peatland; plant macrofossil; permafrost; soil properties; carbon cycling; paleoecology ID CONTINENTAL WESTERN CANADA; HUDSON-BAY LOWLANDS; CARBON ACCUMULATION; BOREAL PEATLANDS; FINNISH LAPLAND; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALEOHYDROLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AB Permafrost dynamics play an important role in high-latitude peatland carbon balance and are key to understanding the future response of soil carbon stocks. Permafrost aggradation can control the magnitude of the carbon feedback in peatlands through effects on peat properties. We compiled peatland plant macrofossil records for the northern permafrost zone (515 cores from 280 sites) and classified samples by vegetation type and environmental class (fen, bog, tundra and boreal permafrost, and thawed permafrost). We examined differences in peat properties (bulk density, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and organic matter content, and C/N ratio) and C accumulation rates among vegetation types and environmental classes. Consequences of permafrost aggradation differed between boreal and tundra biomes, including differences in vegetation composition, C/N ratios, and N content. The vegetation composition of tundra permafrost peatlands was similar to permafrost-free fens, while boreal permafrost peatlands more closely resembled permafrost-free bogs. Nitrogen content in boreal permafrost and thawed permafrost peatlands was significantly lower than in permafrost-free bogs despite similar vegetation types (0.9% versus 1.5% N). Median long-term C accumulation rates were higher in fens (23g C m(-2)yr(-1)) than in permafrost-free bogs (18g C m(-2)yr(-1)) and were lowest in boreal permafrost peatlands (14g C m(-2)yr(-1)). The plant macrofossil record demonstrated transitions from fens to bogs to permafrost peatlands, bogs to fens, permafrost aggradation within fens, and permafrost thaw and reaggradation. Using data synthesis, we have identified predominant peatland successional pathways, changes in vegetation type, peat properties, and C accumulation rates associated with permafrost aggradation. C1 [Treat, C. C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Treat, C. C.; Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jones, M. C.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Earth & Oceanog Sci Dept, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Gallego-Sala, A.] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Garneau, M.] Univ Quebec, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Garneau, M.] Univ Quebec, GEOTOP Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.; Sannel, A. B. K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Klein, E. S.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kokfelt, U.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Loisel, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Mathijssen, P. J. H.; Ronkainen, T. M.; Valiranta, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [O'Donnell, J. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK USA. [Talbot, J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Tarnocai, C.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Treat, CC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA.; Treat, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ctreat@usgs.gov OI Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178 FU National Science Foundation [ARC-1304823]; Climate and Land-use Change Research and Development Program at the USGS; Academy of Finland [131409, 1140900]; University of Helsinki; Royal Swedish Academy of Science; Ymer-80, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Ymer-80, Ahlmann Foundation; NSF [DEB 0092704] FX We thank Jonathan Nichols, Kristen Manies, Jessica Rodysill, and two anonymous reviewers for critical comments that helped to improve this manuscript. C. T. and M. J. acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (ARC-1304823). M. J. is funded by the Climate and Land-use Change Research and Development Program at the USGS. M. V., T. R., and P. M. acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland (projects 131409 and 1140900) and from the University of Helsinki. B. S. received financial support from the Royal Swedish Academy of Science and the Ymer-80, Knut and Alice Wallenberg and Ahlmann Foundations. P. C. was supported by NSF (DEB 0092704). All data for this paper are properly cited in supporting information Table S1. Additionally, data can be accessed following registration from the International Soil Carbon Network (http://iscn.fluxdata.org/Pages/default.aspx; DOI pending). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 104 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 78 EP 94 DI 10.1002/2015JG003061 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DD8JP UT WOS:000370173100005 ER PT J AU Grifoll, M Aretxabaleta, AL Pelegri, JL Espino, M AF Grifoll, M. Aretxabaleta, A. L. Pelegri, J. L. Espino, M. TI Temporal evolution of the momentum balance terms and frictional adjustment observed over the inner shelf during a storm SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SEA; COASTAL OCEAN; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; WAVES; WIND; WINTER; FRONT AB We investigate the rapidly changing equilibrium between the momentum sources and sinks during the passage of a single two-peak storm over the Catalan inner shelf (NW Mediterranean Sea). Velocity measurements at 24m water depth are taken as representative of the inner shelf, and the cross-shelf variability is explored with measurements at 50m water depth. During both wind pulses, the flow accelerated at 24m until shortly after the wind maxima, when the bottom stress was able to compensate for the wind stress. Concurrently, the sea level also responded, with the pressure-gradient force opposing the wind stress. Before, during and after the second wind pulse, there were velocity fluctuations with both super-and sub-inertial periods likely associated with transient coastal waves. Throughout the storm, the Coriolis force and wave radiation stresses were relatively unimportant in the along-shelf momentum balance. The frictional adjustment timescale was around 10 h, consistent with the e-folding time obtained from bottom drag parameterizations. The momentum evolution at 50m showed a larger influence of the Coriolis force at the expense of a decreased frictional relevance, typical in the transition from the inner to the mid-shelf. C1 [Grifoll, M.; Espino, M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. [Grifoll, M.; Espino, M.] Int Ctr Coastal Resources Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Aretxabaleta, A. L.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Pelegri, J. L.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Dept Oceanog Fis & Tecnol, Barcelona, Spain. RP Grifoll, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. EM manel.grifoll@upc.edu OI Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018; Grifoll, Manel/0000-0003-4260-6732 FU DARDO [ENE2012-38772-C02-02]; Rises-AM [GA603396]; Plan-Wave [CTM2013-45141-R]; ICoast project [Echo/SUB/2013/661009] FX This work was supported by DARDO (ENE2012-38772-C02-02), Rises-AM (GA603396), Plan-Wave (CTM2013-45141-R) and ICoast project (Echo/SUB/2013/661009). We would like to thank Joan Puigdefabregas, Jordi Cateura and Joaquim Sospedra (LIM-UPC, Barcelona, Spain) for the data acquisition campaign. The authors thank Alexis Beudin (USGS, Woods Hole, USA) and Ken Brink (WHOI, Woods Hole, USA) for a number of useful suggestions. We are also very grateful to our reviewers, Vlado Malacic and one anonymous oceanographer, for their ideas; Vlado Malacic raised the issue of the potential relevance of coastal waves, which meant a substantial reanalysis of our velocity data and a reinterpretation of our results. Finally, we are pleased to acknowledge Gabriel Csanady and Steve Lentz, as their seminal studies on the circulation of the coastal ocean have been a source of inspiration to our work. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.5194/os-12-137-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DC6PO UT WOS:000369342300011 ER PT J AU Lu, XT Reed, SC Yu, Q Han, XG AF Lu, Xiao-Tao Reed, Sasha C. Yu, Qiang Han, Xing-Guo TI Nutrient resorption helps drive intra-specific coupling of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus under nutrient-enriched conditions SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Ecological stoichiometry; Nitrogen addition; Nutrient cycling; Nutrient retranslocation; Phosphorus addition; Plant functional traits ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; LEAF PHOSPHORUS; INNER-MONGOLIA; CO-LIMITATION; PATTERNS; CARBON; PLANTS; STOICHIOMETRY AB Plant biomass growth, storage, and decomposition connect nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, yet we know relatively little about the dynamics of such coupling under nutrient enriched conditions, and our understanding of the interactive relationships between plant N and P in drylands remains particularly poor. In a semiarid steppe of northern China, we examined the effects of single and combined N and P additions on soil and plant N and P pools for both mature and senesced leaves in two dominant grasses: Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis. Nitrogen additions increased N concentrations in mature and senesced leaves for each plant species, and decreased N and P resorption during leaf senescence. The effects of N additions on foliar P concentrations were species-specific, while P additions had no effect on any nutrient characteristics examined. Due to treatment effects on N resorption, N and P concentrations were tightly correlated in senesced leaves but not in mature leaves. Taken together, the results suggest plants in this ecosystem are much more responsive to changing N cycles than P cycles and emphasize the significance of nutrient resorption as an important plant control over the stoichiometric coupling of N and P under nutrient enriched conditions. C1 [Lu, Xiao-Tao; Yu, Qiang; Han, Xing-Guo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Shenyang 110164, Peoples R China. [Lu, Xiao-Tao] NE Normal Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Key Lab Vegetat Ecol, Minist Educ, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Lu, XT (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Shenyang 110164, Peoples R China. EM lvxiaotao@gmail.com RI Lu (u), Xiao-Tao/B-3905-2008; Yu, Qiang/E-2097-2011; Han, Xingguo/K-7552-2016 OI Lu (u), Xiao-Tao/0000-0001-5571-1895; Yu, Qiang/0000-0002-5480-0623; Han, Xingguo/0000-0002-1836-975X FU National Basic Research Program of China [2015CB150802]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41273094, 31470505]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB15010403]; State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology [LFSE2013-13]; Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [2014174]; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education FX The authors thank Weijun Wu and Shuxia Liu for help with field measurements, Qiang Li and Li Li for help with laboratory analyses, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150802), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41273094 and 31470505), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB15010403), the State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology (LFSE2013-13 and 2015-16), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2014174), and the Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2016 VL 398 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s11104-015-2642-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA DB5JP UT WOS:000368550700009 ER PT J AU Selkowitz, DJ Forster, RR AF Selkowitz, David J. Forster, Richard R. TI An Automated Approach for Mapping Persistent Ice and Snow Cover over High Latitude Regions SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing of glaciers; snow and ice; Landsat; arctic ID LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; SEA-LEVEL RISE; GLACIER INVENTORY; BAFFIN-ISLAND; IN-SITU; SATELLITE; IMAGERY; REFLECTANCE; CAPS; AVAILABILITY AB We developed an automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover (glaciers and perennial snowfields) from Landsat TM and ETM+ data across a variety of topography, glacier types, and climatic conditions at high latitudes (above similar to 65 degrees N). Our approach exploits all available Landsat scenes acquired during the late summer (1 August-15 September) over a multi-year period and employs an automated cloud masking algorithm optimized for snow and ice covered mountainous environments. Pixels from individual Landsat scenes were classified as snow/ice covered or snow/ice free based on the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), and pixels consistently identified as snow/ice covered over a five-year period were classified as persistent ice and snow cover. The same NDSI and ratio of snow/ice-covered days to total days thresholds applied consistently across eight study regions resulted in persistent ice and snow cover maps that agreed closely in most areas with glacier area mapped for the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI), with a mean accuracy (agreement with the RGI) of 0.96, a mean precision (user's accuracy of the snow/ice cover class) of 0.92, a mean recall (producer's accuracy of the snow/ice cover class) of 0.86, and a mean F-score (a measure that considers both precision and recall) of 0.88. We also compared results from our approach to glacier area mapped from high spatial resolution imagery at four study regions and found similar results. Accuracy was lowest in regions with substantial areas of debris-covered glacier ice, suggesting that manual editing would still be required in these regions to achieve reasonable results. The similarity of our results to those from the RGI as well as glacier area mapped from high spatial resolution imagery suggests it should be possible to apply this approach across large regions to produce updated 30-m resolution maps of persistent ice and snow cover. In the short term, automated PISC maps can be used to rapidly identify areas where substantial changes in glacier area have occurred since the most recent conventional glacier inventories, highlighting areas where updated inventories are most urgently needed. From a longer term perspective, the automated production of PISC maps represents an important step toward fully automated glacier extent monitoring using Landsat or similar sensors. C1 [Selkowitz, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Selkowitz, David J.; Forster, Richard R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Selkowitz, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Selkowitz, DJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geog, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM dselkowitz@usgs.gov; rick.forster@geog.utah.edu FU Land Remote Sensing Program of the US Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by the Land Remote Sensing Program of the US Geological Survey. We also wish to thank Daniel McGrath and four anonymous reviewers who provided substantial feedback for improving the manuscript. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 16 DI 10.3390/rs8010016 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800018 ER PT S AU Golden, NH Warner, SE Coffey, MJ AF Golden, Nancy H. Warner, Sarah E. Coffey, Michael J. BE DeVoogt, P TI A Review and Assessment of Spent Lead Ammunition and Its Exposure and Effects to Scavenging Birds in the United States SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 237 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; WINTERING BALD EAGLES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; CONDORS GYMNOGYPS-CALIFORNIANUS; DOVES STREPTOPELIA-RISORIA; HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION; GAME-FARM MALLARDS; SWANS CYGNUS-OLOR C1 [Golden, Nancy H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Warner, Sarah E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Madison, WI 53717 USA. [Coffey, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Crab Orchard Natl Wildlife Refuge, Marion, IL 62959 USA. RP Golden, NH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM Nancy_Golden@fws.gov NR 254 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 22 U2 35 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0179-5953 BN 978-3-319-23573-8; 978-3-319-23572-1 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2016 VL 237 BP 123 EP 191 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8 PG 69 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BE2OH UT WOS:000369711200008 PM 26613991 ER PT J AU Work, TM Aeby, GS Hughen, KA AF Work, T. M. Aeby, G. S. Hughen, K. A. TI Gross and Microscopic Lesions in Corals from Micronesia SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral; histopathology; disease; Micronesia; Indo-Pacific; Cnidaria; bleaching; dark discoloration; symbionts ID LOSS WHITE SYNDROME; REEF CORAL; INDO-PACIFIC; TISSUE LOSS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; MONTIPORA-CAPITATA; PORITES-COMPRESSA; BAND DISEASE; ACROPORA; ASSOCIATION AB The authors documented gross and microscopic morphology of lesions in corals on 7 islands spanning western, southern, and eastern Micronesia, sampling 76 colonies comprising 30 species of corals among 18 genera, with Acropora, Porites, and Montipora dominating. Tissue loss comprised the majority of gross lesions sampled (41%), followed by discoloration (30%) and growth anomaly (29%). Of 31 cases of tissue loss, most lesions were subacute (48%), followed by acute and chronic (26% each). Of 23 samples with discoloration, most were dark discoloration (40%), with bleaching and other discoloration each constituting 30%. Of 22 growth anomalies, umbonate growth anomalies composed half, with exophytic, nodular, and rugose growth anomalies composing the remainder. On histopathology, for 9 cases of dark discoloration, fungal infections predominated (77%); for 7 bleached corals, depletion of zooxanthellae from the gastrodermis made up a majority of microscopic diagnoses (57%); and for growth anomalies other than umbonate, hyperplasia of the basal body wall was the most common microscopic finding (63%). For the remainder of the gross lesions, no single microscopic finding constituted >50% of the total. Host response varied with the agent present on histology. Fragmentation of tissues was most often associated with algae (60%), whereas necrosis dominated (53%) for fungi. Two newly documented potentially symbiotic tissue-associated metazoans were seen in Porites and Montipora. Findings of multiple potential etiologies for a given gross lesion highlight the importance of incorporating histopathology in coral disease surveys. This study also expands the range of corals infected with cell-associated microbial aggregates. C1 [Work, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Aeby, G. S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Hughen, K. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov FU Dalio Family Foundation FX Dr Douglas Fenner graciously assisted with the identification of corals. We thank Ray Dalio and the Dalio Family Foundation for their support of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Access to the Sea program, through which this work was partially funded, and the crew of the R/V Alucia for logistical support. Susan Knowles and anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments. Mention of products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1177/0300985815571669 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA DD0SM UT WOS:000369629800015 PM 25765523 ER PT J AU Selbig, WR Fienen, MN Horwatich, JA Bannerman, RT AF Selbig, Willliam R. Fienen, Michael N. Horwatich, Judy A. Bannerman, Roger T. TI The Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Design of Urban Stormwater Control Measures SO WATER LA English DT Article DE particle size distribution; stormwater; urban; sediment; solids; pollutant model ID SOLIDS STRATIFICATION BIAS; INTEGRATED SAMPLE ARM; RUNOFF; AREA AB An urban pollutant loading model was used to demonstrate how incorrect assumptions on the particle size distribution (PSD) in urban runoff can alter the design characteristics of stormwater control measures (SCMs) used to remove solids in stormwater. Field-measured PSD, although highly variable, is generally coarser than the widely-accepted PSD characterized by the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP). PSDs can be predicted based on environmental surrogate data. There were no appreciable differences in predicted PSD when grouped by season. Model simulations of a wet detention pond and catch basin showed a much smaller surface area is needed to achieve the same level of solids removal using the median value of field-measured PSD as compared to NURP PSD. Therefore, SCMs that used the NURP PSD in the design process could be unnecessarily oversized. The median of measured PSDs, although more site-specific than NURP PSDs, could still misrepresent the efficiency of an SCM because it may not adequately capture the variability of individual runoff events. Future pollutant loading models may account for this variability through regression with environmental surrogates, but until then, without proper site characterization, the adoption of a single PSD to represent all runoff conditions may result in SCMs that are under- or over-sized, rendering them ineffective or unnecessarily costly. C1 [Selbig, Willliam R.; Fienen, Michael N.; Horwatich, Judy A.; Bannerman, Roger T.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wrselbig@usgs.gov; mnfienen@usgs.gov; jahorwat@usgs.gov; rbannerman@usgs.gov FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources FX The authors would like to thank Greg Granato and David Rus of the U.S. Geological Survey for their helpful comments. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provided financial support necessary to complete this paper. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 17 DI 10.3390/w8010017 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DC9AO UT WOS:000369512800021 ER PT J AU Oestreich, WK Ganju, NK Pohlman, JW Suttles, SE AF Oestreich, W. K. Ganju, N. K. Pohlman, J. W. Suttles, S. E. TI Colored dissolved organic matter in shallow estuaries: relationships between carbon sources and light attenuation SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; PEARL RIVER ESTUARY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; YELLOW SUBSTANCE; COASTAL WATERS; ISOTOPES; RATIOS AB Light availability is of primary importance to the ecological function of shallow estuaries. For example, benthic primary production by submerged aquatic vegetation is contingent upon light penetration to the seabed. A major component that attenuates light in estuaries is colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). CDOM is often measured via a proxy, fluorescing dissolved organic matter (fDOM), due to the ease of in situ fDOM sensor measurements. Fluorescence must be converted to CDOM absorbance for use in light attenuation calculations. However, this CDOM-fDOM relationship varies among and within estuaries. We quantified the variability in this relationship within three estuaries along the mid-Atlantic margin of the eastern United States: West Falmouth Harbor (MA), Barnegat Bay (NJ), and Chincoteague Bay (MD/VA). Land use surrounding these estuaries ranges from urban to developed, with varying sources of nutrients and organic matter. Measurements of fDOM (excitation and emission wavelengths of 365 nm (+/- 5 nm) and 460 nm (+/- 40 nm), respectively) and CDOM absorbance were taken along a terrestrial-to-marine gradient in all three estuaries. The ratio of the absorption coefficient at 340 nm (m(-1)) to fDOM (QSU) was higher in West Falmouth Harbor (1.22) than in Barnegat Bay (0.22) and Chincoteague Bay (0.17). The CDOM: fDOM absorption ratio was variable between sites within West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay, but consistent between sites within Chincoteague Bay. Stable carbon isotope analysis for constraining the source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay yielded delta C-13 values ranging from 19.7 to 26.1 parts per thousand and 20.8 to 26.7 parts per thousand, respectively. Concentration and stable carbon isotope mixing models of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) indicate a contribution of C-13-enriched DOC in the estuaries. The most likely source of C-13-enriched DOC for the systems we investigated is Spartina cordgrass. Comparison of DOC source to CDOM: fDOM absorption ratios at each site demonstrates the relationship between source and optical properties. Samples with C-13-enriched carbon isotope values, indicating a greater contribution from marsh organic material, had higher CDOM: fDOM absorption ratios than samples with greater contribution from terrestrial organic material. Applying a uniform CDOM: fDOM absorption ratio and spectral slope within a given estuary yields errors in modeled light attenuation ranging from 11 to 33% depending on estuary. The application of a uniform absorption ratio across all estuaries doubles this error. This study demonstrates that light attenuation coefficients for CDOM based on continuous fDOM records are highly dependent on the source of DOM present in the estuary. Thus, light attenuation models for estuaries would be improved by quantification of CDOM absorption and DOM source identification. C1 [Oestreich, W. K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Oestreich, W. K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Ganju, N. K.; Pohlman, J. W.; Suttles, S. E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellowship Program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Funding was provided by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellowship Program and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Thanks to Brian Bergamaschi of the US Geological Survey California Water Science Center for input on fDOM corrections. Thanks to the Rutgers University Marine Field Station, in particular Tom Malatesta and Roland Hagan, for field support at Barnegat Bay. Thanks also to Nicholas Nidzieko of the University of Maryland Horn Point Laboratory for field support at Chincoteague Bay. Patrick Dickhudt and Wally Brooks provided assistance with instrument preparation and running of stable carbon isotope analysis samples, respectively. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 2 BP 583 EP 595 DI 10.5194/bg-13-583-2016 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC9ES UT WOS:000369524500017 ER PT J AU Han, LF Plummer, LN AF Han, L. F. Plummer, L. N. TI A review of single-sample-based models and other approaches for radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Radiocarbon; Dating; Groundwater; Models; Graphical; Review ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; WATER-SYSTEMS; NOBLE-GASES; C-14 AGES; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SANDSTONE AQUIFER; FLORIDAN AQUIFER; EVOLUTION AB Numerous methods have been proposed to estimate the pre-nuclear-detonation C-14 content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) recharged to groundwater that has been corrected/adjusted for geochemical processes in the absence of radioactive decay (C-14(0)) - a quantity that is essential for estimation of radiocarbon age of DIC in groundwater. The models/approaches most commonly used are grouped as follows: (1) single-sample based models, (2) a statistical approach based on the observed (curved) relationship between C-14 and delta C-13 data for the aquifer, and (3) the geochemical mass-balance approach that constructs adjustment models accounting for all the geochemical reactions known to occur along a groundwater flow path. This review discusses first the geochemical processes behind each of the single-sample-based models, followed by discussions of the statistical approach and the geochemical mass-balance approach. Finally, the applications, advantages and limitations of the three groups of models/approaches are discussed. The single-sample-based models constitute the prevailing use of C-14 data in hydrogeology and hydrological studies. This is in part because the models are applied to an individual water sample to estimate the C-14 age, therefore the measurement data are easily available. These models have been shown to provide realistic radiocarbon ages in many studies. However, they usually are limited to simple carbonate aquifers and selection of model may have significant effects on C-14(0) often resulting in a wide range of estimates of C-14 ages. Of the single-sample-based models, four are recommended for the estimation of C-14(0) of DIC in groundwater: Pearson's model, (Ingerson and Pearson, 1964; Pearson and White, 1967), Han & Plummer's model (Han and Plummer, 2013), the IAEA model (Gonfiantini, 1972; Salem et al., 1980), and Oeschger's model (Geyh, 2000). These four models include all processes considered in single-sample-based models, and can be used in different ranges of C-13 values. In contrast to the single-sample-based models, the extended Gonfiantini & Zuppi model (Gonfiantini and Zuppi, 2003; Han et al., 2014) is a statistical approach. This approach can be used to estimate C-14 ages when a curved relationship between the C-14 and C-13 values of the DIC data is observed. In addition to estimation of groundwater ages, the relationship between C-14 and delta C-13 data can be used to interpret hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, e.g. estimating apparent rates of geochemical reactions and revealing the complexity of the geochemical environment, and identify samples that are not affected by the same set of reactions/processes as the rest of the dataset. The investigated water samples may have a wide range of ages, and for waters with very low values of C-14, the model based on statistics may give more reliable age estimates than those obtained from single sample-based models. In the extended Gonfiantini & Zuppi model, a representative system-wide value of the initial C-14 content is derived from the C-14 and delta C-13 data of DIC and can differ from that used in single-sample-based models. Therefore, the extended Gonfiantini & Zuppi model usually avoids the effect of modern water components which might retain 'bomb' pulse signatures. The geochemical mass-balance approach constructs an adjustment model that accounts for all the geochemical reactions known to occur along an aquifer flow path (Plummer et al., 1983; Wigley et al., 1978; Plummer et al., 1994; Plummer and Glynn, 2013), and includes, in addition to DIC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and methane (CH4). If sufficient chemical, mineralogical and isotopic data are available, the geochemical mass-balance method can yield the most accurate estimates of the adjusted radiocarbon age. The main limitation of this approach is that complete information is necessary on chemical, mineralogical and isotopic data and these data are often limited. Failure to recognize the limitations and underlying assumptions on which the various models and approaches are based can result in a wide range of estimates of C-14(0) and limit the usefulness of radiocarbon as a dating tool for groundwater. In each of the three generalized approaches (single-sample-based models, statistical approach, and geochemical mass-balance approach), successful application depends on scrutiny of the isotopic (C-14 and C-13) and chemical data to conceptualize the reactions and processes that affect the C-14 content of DIC in aquifers. The recently developed graphical analysis method is shown to aid in determining which approach is most appropriate for the isotopic and chemical data from a groundwater system. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, L. F.] IAEA, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, Div Phys & Chem Sci, Isotope Hydrol Sect, POB 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Plummer, L. N.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 432, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Han, LF (reprint author), Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, Hydrol & Water Resources Dept, Guangzhou Rd 223,POB 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM L.F.Han@hotrnail.com OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 134 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 152 BP 119 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.11.004 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC4TM UT WOS:000369213200007 ER PT J AU Edwards, T Tollis, M Hsieh, P Gutenkunst, RN Liu, Z Kusumi, K Culver, M Murphy, RW AF Edwards, Taylor Tollis, Marc Hsieh, PingHsun Gutenkunst, Ryan N. Liu, Zhen Kusumi, Kenro Culver, Melanie Murphy, Robert W. TI Assessing models of speciation under different biogeographic scenarios; an empirical study using multi-locus and RNA-seq analyses SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ai; allopatric; gene flow; Gopherus; parapatric; phylogenetic; transcriptome ID TORTOISE GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; GENE FLOW; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DESERT TORTOISE; HYBRID ZONES; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; GENOMIC ISLANDS AB Evolutionary biology often seeks to decipher the drivers of speciation, and much debate persists over the relative importance of isolation and gene flow in the formation of new species. Genetic studies of closely related species can assess if gene flow was present during speciation, because signatures of past introgression often persist in the genome. We test hypotheses on which mechanisms of speciation drove diversity among three distinct lineages of desert tortoise in the genus Gopherus. These lineages offer a powerful system to study speciation, because different biogeographic patterns (physical vs. ecological segregation) are observed at opposing ends of their distributions. We use 82 samples collected from 38 sites, representing the entire species' distribution and generate sequence data for mtDNA and four nuclear loci. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis in *BEAST estimates the species tree. RNA-seq data yield 20,126 synonymous variants from 7665 contigs from two individuals of each of the three lineages. Analyses of these data using the demographic inference package ai serve to test the null hypothesis of no gene flow during divergence. The best-fit demographic model for the three taxa is concordant with the *BEAST species tree, and the ai analysis does not indicate gene flow among any of the three lineages during their divergence. These analyses suggest that divergence among the lineages occurred in the absence of gene flow and in this scenario the genetic signature of ecological isolation (parapatric model) cannot be differentiated from geographic isolation (allopatric model). C1 [Edwards, Taylor; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Edwards, Taylor] Univ Arizona, Genet Core, 1657 E Helen St,Room 111, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tollis, Marc; Kusumi, Kenro] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hsieh, PingHsun; Gutenkunst, Ryan N.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gutenkunst, Ryan N.] Univ Arizona, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liu, Zhen; Murphy, Robert W.] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Zool, State Key Lab Genet Resources & Evolut, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, USGS, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Murphy, Robert W.] Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. RP Edwards, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Genet Core, 1657 E Helen St,Room 111, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM taylore@email.arizona.edu FU Royal Ontario Museum Foundation; NSERC [A3148]; Arizona Research Laboratories; Tucson Herpetological Society; Desert Tortoise Council; Fisher Scientific through their Scholar of Excellence Award; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona; NSF [DEB-1146074] FX Funding for this project was obtained from the Royal Ontario Museum Foundation, NSERC Discovery Grant A3148, Arizona Research Laboratories, Tucson Herpetological Society, Desert Tortoise Council, and Fisher Scientific through their Scholar of Excellence Award with matching funds received from the School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona. RNG and PH were supported by NSF grant DEB-1146074. NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 BP 379 EP 396 DI 10.1002/ece3.1865 PG 18 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DC4BJ UT WOS:000369164400001 PM 26843925 ER PT J AU Brown, NL Peacock, MM Ritchie, ME AF Brown, Nathanael L. Peacock, Mary M. Ritchie, Mark E. TI Genetic variation and population structure in a threatened species, the Utah prairie dog Cynomys parvidens: the use of genetic data to inform conservation actions SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian genotype clustering analysis; genetic diversity; genetic structure; threatened; Utah prairie dog ID EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; LAHONTAN CUTTHROAT TROUT; CASTOR-FIBER STOCK; GROUND-SQUIRREL; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; EXTINCTION RISK; WESTERN-EUROPE; GREAT-BRITAIN; DIVERSITY; SOFTWARE AB The Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens), listed as threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act, was the subject of an extensive eradication program throughout its range during the 20th century. Eradication campaigns, habitat destruction/fragmentation/conversion, and epizootic outbreaks (e.g., sylvatic plague) have reduced prairie dog numbers from an estimated 95,000 individuals in the 1920s to approximately 14,000 (estimated adult spring count) today. As a result of these anthropogenic actions, the species is now found in small isolated sets of subpopulations. We characterized the levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure using 10 neutral nuclear microsatellite loci for twelve populations (native and transplanted) representative of the three management designated recovery units, found in three distinct biogeographic regions, sampled across the species' range. The results indicate (1) low levels of genetic diversity within colonies (H-e=0.109-0.357; H-o=0.106- 0.313), (2) high levels of genetic differentiation among colonies (global F-ST=0.296), (3) very small genetic effective population sizes, and (4) evidence of genetic bottlenecks. The genetic data reveal additional subdivision such that colonies within recovery units do not form single genotype clusters consistent with recovery unit boundaries. Genotype cluster membership support historical gene flow among colonies in the easternmost West Desert Recovery Unit with the westernmost Pausaugunt colonies and among the eastern Pausaugunt colonies and the Awapa Recovery unit to the north. In order to maintain the long-term viability of the species, there needs to be an increased focus on maintaining suitable habitat between groups of existing populations that can act as connective corridors. The location of future translocation sites should be located in areas that will maximize connectivity, leading to maintenance of genetic variation and evolutionary potential. C1 [Brown, Nathanael L.; Ritchie, Mark E.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, 107 Coll Pl,LSC, Syracuse, NY 13224 USA. [Peacock, Mary M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol MS314, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Brown, Nathanael L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Utah Field Off, 1789 N Wedgewood Lane, Cedar City, UT 84721 USA. RP Peacock, MM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol MS314, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM mpeacock@unr.edu FU United States Bureau of Land Management; Utah Department of Natural Resources; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Syracuse University FX The work was supported by United States Bureau of Land Management Challenge Cost-Share grants, the Utah Department of Natural Resources Endangered Species Mitigation Fund, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and Syracuse University. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 BP 426 EP 446 DI 10.1002/ece3.1874 PG 21 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DC4BJ UT WOS:000369164400004 PM 26843928 ER PT J AU Bedrosian, PA Schamper, C Auken, E AF Bedrosian, Paul A. Schamper, Cyril Auken, Esben TI A comparison of helicopter-borne electromagnetic systems for hydrogeologic studies SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article DE Airborne electromagnetic; Ground water; Inversion ID AIRBORNE EM DATA; RESISTIVITY DATA; TIME-DOMAIN; CONSTRAINED INVERSION; CALIBRATION AB The increased application of airborne electromagnetic surveys to hydrogeological studies is driving a demand for data that can consistently be inverted for accurate subsurface resistivity structure from the near surface to depths of several hundred metres. We present an evaluation of three commercial airborne electromagnetic systems over two test blocks in western Nebraska, USA. The selected test blocks are representative of shallow and deep alluvial aquifer systems with low groundwater salinity and an electrically conductive base of aquifer. The aquifer units show significant lithologic heterogeneity and include both modern and ancient river systems. We compared the various data sets to one another and inverted resistivity models to borehole lithology and to ground geophysical models. We find distinct differences among the airborne electromagnetic systems as regards the spatial resolution of models, the depth of investigation, and the ability to recover near-surface resistivity variations. We further identify systematic biases in some data sets, which we attribute to incomplete or inexact calibration or compensation procedures. C1 [Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schamper, Cyril] Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. [Auken, Esben] Aarhus Univ, Dept Geosci, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Bedrosian, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pbedrosian@usgs.gov RI Auken, Esben/G-8036-2012 OI Auken, Esben/0000-0002-5397-4832 FU Danish Council for Strategic Research [11116763] FX This study would not have been possible without the support of the various airborne contractors. Fugro Airborne Surveys flew the STB at no cost to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The authors would like to specially thank Jared Abraham and Jim Cannia who have worked for many years to advance the use of AEM methods for hydrologic applications within the USGS. We thank Jonathan Rudd (formerly Aeroquest Ltd.), Greg Hodges (Fugro Airborne Surveys), Andrea Viezzoli (Aarhus Geophysics Aps), and Flemming Efferso (SkyTEM Surveys Aps) for discussion and feedback on modelling and inversion of the data. Bas Peters is thanked for early work on the modelling and inversion, which improved the understanding of the various systems. Ben Bloss is thanked for assembly and classification of the borehole data and preliminary modelling of the GTEM data. This manuscript was greatly improved thanks to reviews by Andy Kass, Michael Asten, and an anonymous reviewer. The HyGEM-project funded by the Danish Council for Strategic Research under Contract 11116763 has also supported this project. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0016-8025 EI 1365-2478 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 64 IS 1 BP 192 EP 215 DI 10.1111/1365-2478.12262 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DC7RI UT WOS:000369417500015 ER PT J AU Gelca, R Hayhoe, K Scott-Fleming, I Crow, C Dawson, D Patino, R AF Gelca, Rodica Hayhoe, Katharine Scott-Fleming, Ian Crow, Caleb Dawson, Dan Patino, Reynaldo TI Climate-water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE water quality; climate variability; reservoirs; climate change; Texas ID PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM; UNITED-STATES; WEST TEXAS; PHYTOPLANKTON; RIVERS; PRECIPITATION; ASSOCIATIONS; DYNAMICS; STREAMS; TRENDS AB Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of salts in surface water bodies can be affected by the natural environment and local human activities such as surface and ground water withdrawals, land use and energy extraction, and variability and long-term trends in atmospheric conditions including temperature and precipitation. Here, we quantify the relationship between 121 indicators of mean and extreme temperature and precipitation and 24 water quality parameters in 57 Texas reservoirs using observational data records covering the period 1960 to 2010. Over time scales ranging from 1week to 2years, we find that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, chloride, sulfate, and phosphorus all show consistent correlations with atmospheric predictors, including high and low temperature extremes, dry days, heavy precipitation events, and mean temperature and precipitation. Based on these relationships combined with regional climate projections, we expect climate change to increase water temperatures, decrease dissolved oxygen levels, decrease pH, increase specific conductance, and increase levels of sulfate and chloride in Texas reservoirs. Over decadal time scales, this may affect aquatic ecosystems in the reservoirs, including altering the risk of conditions conducive to algae occurrence, as well as affecting the quality of water available for human consumption and recreation. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gelca, Rodica; Hayhoe, Katharine; Scott-Fleming, Ian; Crow, Caleb] Texas Tech Univ, Climate Sci Ctr, 72 Holden Hall,Boston & Akron St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Gelca, Rodica; Dawson, Dan] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, 1207 Gilbert Dr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine; Crow, Caleb] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Polit Sci, 113 Holden Hall,Boston & Akron St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Agr Sci 218,15th & Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Gelca, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, 1207 Gilbert Dr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM rodica.gelca@ttu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, the Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Dr William H. Asquith for providing guidelines, insights, and valuable advice regarding data processing methods used in this study. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 12 EP 29 DI 10.1002/hyp.10545 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DC3ZZ UT WOS:000369160600002 ER PT J AU Challener, RC Robbins, LL McClintock, JB AF Challener, Roberta C. Robbins, Lisa L. McClintock, James B. TI Variability of the carbonate chemistry in a shallow, seagrass-dominated ecosystem: implications for ocean acidification experiments SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE benthic zone; climate change; echinoderms ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FLORIDA BAY; CORAL-REEF; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; SYSTEM PARAMETERS; SEAWATER; PH; CO2; HABITATS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Open ocean observations have shown that increasing levels of anthropogenically derived atmospheric CO2 are causing acidification of the world's oceans. Yet little is known about coastal acidification and studies are just beginning to characterise the carbonate chemistry of shallow, nearshore zones where many ecologically and economically important organisms occur. We characterised the carbonate chemistry of seawater within an area dominated by seagrass beds (Saint Joseph Bay, Florida) to determine the extent of variation in pH and pCO(2) over monthly and daily timescales. Distinct diel and seasonal fluctuations were observed at daily and monthly timescales respectively, indicating the influence of photosynthetic and respiratory processes on the local carbonate chemistry. Over the course of a year, the range in monthly values of pH (7.36-8.28), aragonite saturation state (0.65-5.63), and calculated pCO(2) (195-2537 mu atm) were significant. When sampled on a daily basis the range in pH (7.70-8.06), aragonite saturation state (1.86-3.85), and calculated pCO(2) (379-1019 mu atm) also exhibited significant range and indicated variation between timescales. The results of this study have significant implications for the design of ocean acidification experiments where nearshore species are utilised and indicate that coastal species are experiencing far greater fluctuations in carbonate chemistry than previously thought. C1 [Challener, Roberta C.] Bellarmine Univ, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40205 USA. [Robbins, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McClintock, James B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Challener, RC (reprint author), Bellarmine Univ, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40205 USA. EM rchallener@bellarmine.edu FU NSF [ANT-1041022]; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This research was a part of R. C. Challener's dissertation at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Many thanks to John, Travis, and Forrest Thompson for their assistance in the field; to Andrew Dickson, Emily Bockman, and Michael O'Donnell for their helpful input on chemical analysis methods and equipment use. Laura Enzor and Kirk Sato designed the PVC modification to the sampling device. We are grateful to John Lisle for providing comments on earlier drafts. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. JBM acknowledges support provided by NSF grant ANT-1041022. L. L. Robbins acknowledges support provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 2 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1071/MF14219 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DC6AD UT WOS:000369301100001 ER PT J AU Barron, JM Twibell, RG Gannam, AL AF Barron, James M. Twibell, Ronald G. Gannam, Ann L. TI Evaluation of First Feeds for Larval Lost River Suckers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; ATLANTIC SALMON; FATTY-ACIDS; PROTEIN/ENERGY RATIOS; FORMULATED DIETS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; GROWTH; WILD AB The Lost River Sucker Deltistes luxatus is endemic to the Klamath Basin in southern Oregon and northern California. Population declines led to listing this species as endangered in 1988. Its native habitat has been greatly reduced and degraded putting their future in question. If this species is to be reared in captivity to prevent extinction, the development of culture methodologies is necessary. Successful initial feeding methods are one of the first areas of culture that need to be developed. Lost River Suckers begin feeding during the larval life stage. Larval fish often require live prey at the onset of feeding; however, it may be possible to start larvae on formulated microdiets. We investigated the use of live Artemia and two commercial microdiets (Hikari and Otohime brands) as first feeds over the course of a 41-d feeding trial. Starting on day 21 of the trial, feed sizes were increased, and the Artemia-fed fish were offered a commercial microdiet (Otohime) while being co-fed Artemia through day 26 of the trial (6 d cofeeding). After day 26 the Artemia-fed fish were only offered the microdiet. The response variables of total length, weight, survival, whole-body lipid content, and whole-body fatty acid profile were measured during and at termination of the trial. Fish grew significantly faster when started on Artemia and also displayed significantly higher survival compared with fish fed only commercial microdiets. Fish started on Artemia transitioned well to Otohime B1, and maintained 95.2% (SD, 2.2) survival over the 41-d feeding trial. The fatty acid profiles of the fish generally reflected the profiles of the diets they were fed. This study demonstrated that live Artemia followed by a transition to Otohime commercial feed is an effective feeding regimen for the duration of the larval phase of this species. C1 [Barron, James M.; Twibell, Ronald G.; Gannam, Ann L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Barron, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM james_barron@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office [FRES48010810840] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Project FRES48010810840) through the Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office (Josh Rasmussen). We thank Scott Foott, Ron Stone, and the staff at the California-Nevada Fish Health Center for sharing their knowledge of Lost River Sucker rearing and providing the fish to complete this study. We thank Jeff Poole and John Holmes of the Abernathy Fish Technology Center for assisting in the husbandry of the fish. We also thank Kyle Hanson and Patty Crandell of the Abernathy Fish Technology Center, along with Josh Rasmussen of the Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office, for constructively reviewing the manuscript. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews of the manuscript. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 78 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1080/15222055.2015.1105890 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DC9BI UT WOS:000369514900012 ER PT J AU Singh, RK Senay, GB AF Singh, Ramesh K. Senay, Gabriel B. TI Comparison of Four Different Energy Balance Models for Estimating Evapotranspiration in the Midwestern United States SO WATER LA English DT Article DE comparison; evapotranspiration; METRIC; SEBAL; SEBS; SSEBop; Landsat; remote sensing ID ESTIMATING CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; WATER-BALANCE; HEAT FLUXES; REMOTE; MANAGEMENT; SCALE; SEBS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; EVAPORATION AB The development of different energy balance models has allowed users to choose a model based on its suitability in a region. We compared four commonly used models- Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration ( METRIC) model, Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land ( SEBAL) model, Surface Energy Balance System ( SEBS) model, and the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance ( SSEBop) model- using Landsat images to estimate evapotranspiration ( ET) in the Midwestern United States. Our models validation using three AmeriFlux cropland sites at Mead, Nebraska, showed that all four models captured the spatial and temporal variation of ET reasonably well with an R2 of more than 0.81. Both the METRIC and SSEBop models showed a low root mean square error (< 0.93 mm center dot day -1) and a high Nash- Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (> 0.80), whereas the SEBAL and SEBS models resulted in relatively higher bias for estimating daily ET. The empirical equation of daily average net radiation used in the SEBAL and SEBS models for upscaling instantaneous ET to daily ET resulted in underestimation of daily ET, particularly when the daily average net radiation was more than 100 W center dot m - 2. Estimated daily ET for both cropland and grassland had some degree of linearity with METRIC, SEBAL, and SEBS, but linearity was stronger for evaporative fraction. Thus, these ET models have strengths and limitations for applications in water resource management. C1 [Singh, Ramesh K.] ASRC Fed InuTeq, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] Colorado State Univ, USGS EROS Ctr, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Singh, RK (reprint author), ASRC Fed InuTeq, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rsingh@usgs.gov; senay@usgs.gov OI Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU USGS of Department of Interior WaterSMART Program [G13PC00028]; Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET); AmeriFlux FX This work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028 in support of the Department of Interior WaterSMART Program and the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET). The authors thank the AmeriFlux Principal Investigators and their funding organizations for allowing use of their data in our research. We are also thankful to the three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 9 DI 10.3390/w8010009 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DC9AR UT WOS:000369513100001 ER PT J AU Neumann, RB Blazewicz, SJ Conaway, CH Turetsky, MR Waldrop, MP AF Neumann, Rebecca B. Blazewicz, Steven J. Conaway, Christopher H. Turetsky, Merritt R. Waldrop, Mark P. TI Modeling CH4 and CO2 cycling using porewater stable isotopes in a thermokarst bog in Interior Alaska: results from three conceptual reaction networks SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon fluxes; Homoacetogenesis; Methanogenesis; Methanotrophy; Microbial rates; Peat; Model; (CO2)-C-13; (CH4)-C-13; Carbon isotopes ID NORTH CENTRAL ALBERTA; NEW-HAMPSHIRE WETLAND; CAREX DOMINATED FEN; METHANE PRODUCTION; CARBON ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-MATTER; METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA; PEATLAND ECOSYSTEMS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; PERMAFROST AB Quantifying rates of microbial carbon transformation in peatlands is essential for gaining mechanistic understanding of the factors that influence methane emissions from these systems, and for predicting how emissions will respond to climate change and other disturbances. In this study, we used porewater stable isotopes collected from both the edge and center of a thermokarst bog in Interior Alaska to estimate in situ microbial reaction rates. We expected that near the edge of the thaw feature, actively thawing permafrost and greater abundance of sedges would increase carbon, oxygen and nutrient availability, enabling faster microbial rates relative to the center of the thaw feature. We developed three different conceptual reaction networks that explained the temporal change in porewater CO2, CH4, delta C-13-CO2 and delta C-13-CH4. All three reaction-network models included methane production, methane oxidation and CO2 production, and two of the models included homoacetogenesis-a reaction not previously included in isotope-based porewater models. All three models fit the data equally well, but rates resulting from the models differed. Most notably, inclusion of homoacetogenesis altered the modeled pathways of methane production when the reaction was directly coupled to methanogenesis, and it decreased gross methane production rates by up to a factor of five when it remained decoupled from methanogenesis. The ability of all three conceptual reaction networks to successfully match the measured data indicate that this technique for estimating in situ reaction rates requires other data and information from the site to confirm the considered set of microbial reactions. Despite these differences, all models indicated that, as expected, rates were greater at the edge than in the center of the thaw bog, that rates at the edge increased more during the growing season than did rates in the center, and that the ratio of acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was greater at the edge than in the center. In both locations, modeled rates (excluding methane oxidation) increased with depth. A puzzling outcome from the effort was that none of the models could fit the porewater dataset without generating "fugitive" carbon (i.e., methane or acetate generated by the models but not detected at the field site), indicating that either our conceptualization of the reactions occurring at the site remains incomplete or our site measurements are missing important carbon transformations and/or carbon fluxes. This model-data discrepancy will motivate and inform future research efforts focused on improving our understanding of carbon cycling in permafrost wetlands. C1 [Neumann, Rebecca B.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blazewicz, Steven J.; Conaway, Christopher H.; Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Blazewicz, Steven J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Neumann, RB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rbneum@uw.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC-0010338]; U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA [NNX11AR16G]; USGS Climate Science Center; USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship program; Bonanza Creek LTER Program; NSF [DEB 1026415]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV112619320-16]; USGS Climate and Land RD Program FX We thank Julie Shoemaker for input and advice on the reaction network modeling; Burt Thomas for input and advice on the peeper method; Monica Haw, Torren Campbell and Sabrina Sevilgen for laboratory assistance; Lily Cohen and Sarah Wood for field assistance; Jack McFarland for sharing oxygen data; Eugenie Euskirchen, Jennifer Harden, and David McGuire for their participation in the APEX research program; and Jeff Chanton, Larry Miller and an anonymous reviewer for input that improved the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-SC-0010338; the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA grant NNX11AR16G; the USGS Climate Science Center and USGS Climate and Land R&D Program; and the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship program. Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) funding and considerable logistic support were provided by the Bonanza Creek LTER Program, which is jointly funded by NSF (DEB 1026415) and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW01-JV112619320-16). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data used in this publication are available on the Bonanza Creek LTER website (www.lter.uaf.edu/data.cfm). NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2016 VL 127 IS 1 BP 57 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s10533-015-0168-2 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DB7UT UT WOS:000368722700005 ER PT J AU Huang, QY Sauer, JR Swatantran, A Dubayah, R AF Huang, Qiongyu Sauer, John R. Swatantran, Anu Dubayah, Ralph TI A centroid model of species distribution with applications to the Carolina wren Thryothorus ludovicianus and house finch Haemorhous mexicanus in the United States SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-CHANGE; OCCUPANCY MODELS; POLEWARD SHIFTS; RANGES; BIODIVERSITY; BOUNDARIES; ABUNDANCE AB Drastic shifts in species distributions are a cause of concern for ecologists. Such shifts pose great threat to biodiversity especially under unprecedented anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Many studies have documented recent shifts in species distributions. However, most of these studies are limited to regional scales, and do not consider the abundance structure within species ranges. Developing methods to detect systematic changes in species distributions over their full ranges is critical for understanding the impact of changing environments and for successful conservation planning. Here, we demonstrate a centroid model for range-wide analysis of distribution shifts using the North American Breeding Bird Survey. The centroid model is based on a hierarchical Bayesian framework which models population change within physiographic strata while accounting for several factors affecting species detectability. Yearly abundance-weighted range centroids are estimated. As case studies, we derive annual centroids for the Carolina wren and house finch in their ranges in the U.S. We further evaluate the first-difference correlation between species' centroid movement and changes in winter severity, total population abundance. We also examined associations of change in centroids from sub-ranges. Change in full-range centroid movements of Carolina wren significantly correlate with snow cover days (r = - 0.58). For both species, the full-range centroid shifts also have strong correlation with total abundance (r = 0.65, and 0.51 respectively). The movements of the full-range centroids of the two species are correlated strongly (up to r = 0.76) with that of the sub-ranges with more drastic population changes. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of centroids for analyzing distribution changes in a two-dimensional spatial context. Particularly it highlights applications that associate the centroid with factors such as environmental stressors, population characteristics, and progression of invasive species. Routine monitoring of changes in centroid will provide useful insights into long-term avian responses to environmental changes. C1 [Huang, Qiongyu; Swatantran, Anu; Dubayah, Ralph] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sauer, John R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Huang, QY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM qhuang@umd.edu RI Swatantran, Anu/B-8786-2016 NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1111/ecog.01447 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB8UO UT WOS:000368792500007 ER PT J AU Dolan, BP Fisher, KM Colvin, ME Benda, SE Peterson, JT Kent, ML Schreck, CB AF Dolan, Brian P. Fisher, Kathleen M. Colvin, Michael E. Benda, Susan E. Peterson, James T. Kent, Michael L. Schreck, Carl B. TI Innate and adaptive immune responses in migrating spring-run adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Immune response; Parasite burden ID MICE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PARVICAPSULA-MINIBICORNIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; FOOD RESTRICTION; IL-10 PRODUCTION; FRESH-WATER; IN-VITRO; INTERLEUKIN-10 AB Adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrate from salt water to freshwater streams to spawn. Immune responses in migrating adult salmon are thought to diminish in the run up to spawning, though the exact mechanisms for diminished immune responses remain unknown. Here we examine both adaptive and innate immune responses as well as pathogen burdens in migrating adult Chinook salmon in the Upper Willamette River basin. Messenger RNA transcripts encoding antibody heavy chain molecules slightly diminish as a function of time, but are still present even after fish have successfully spawned. In contrast, the innate anti-bacterial effector proteins present in fish plasma rapidly decrease as spawning approaches. Fish also were examined for the presence and severity of eight different pathogens in different organs. While pathogen burden tended to increase during the migration, no specific pathogen signature was associated with diminished immune responses. Transcript levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines 1L-10 and TGF beta were measured and did not change during the migration. These results suggest that loss of immune functions in adult migrating salmon are not due to pathogen infection or cytokine-mediated immune suppression, but is rather part of the life history of Chinook salmon likely induced by diminished energy reserves or hormonal changes which accompany spawning. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dolan, Brian P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Fisher, Kathleen M.; Colvin, Michael E.; Benda, Susan E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, James T.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dolan, BP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brian.Dolan@oregonstate.edu OI Dolan, Brian/0000-0001-5985-1887 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Oregon State University; Wildlife Management Institute; US Army Corps of Engineers; [4438] FX The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Willamette Hatchery staff provided access to fish. We would like to thank Patty Zwollo (College of William and Mary) for assistance with the design of real time PCR experiments and critical reading of the manuscript. We acknowledge the efforts of C. Danley and J. Unrien to collect tissues and the efforts of R. Palmer, D. Glenn, and C. Taylor to process tissues for histological analysis. Funding for this study was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of animal use protocol ACUP #4438. The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 48 BP 136 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.015 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DC1BY UT WOS:000368953000016 PM 26581919 ER PT J AU Fabisch, M Freyer, G Johnson, CA Buchel, G Akob, DM Neu, TR Kusel, K AF Fabisch, M. Freyer, G. Johnson, C. A. Buechel, G. Akob, D. M. Neu, T. R. Kuesel, K. TI Dominance of "Gallionella capsiferriformans' and heavy metal association with Gallionella-like stalks in metal-rich pH 6 mine water discharge SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; MICROAEROPHILIC FE(II)-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; SP-NOV.; FERROUS IRON; GROUNDWATER SEEP; GEN. NOV.; SUBTERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AB Heavy metal-contaminated, pH 6 mine water discharge created new streams and iron-rich terraces at a creek bank in a former uranium-mining area near Ronneburg, Germany. The transition from microoxic groundwater with similar to 5mm Fe(II) to oxic surface water may provide a suitable habitat for microaerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB). In this study, we investigated the potential contribution of these FeOB to iron oxidation and metal retention in this high-metal environment. We (i) identified and quantified FeOB in water and sediment at the outflow, terraces, and creek, (ii) studied the composition of biogenic iron oxides (Gallionella-like twisted stalks) with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and (iii) examined the metal distribution in sediments. Using quantitative PCR, a very high abundance of FeOB was demonstrated at all sites over a 6-month study period. Gallionella spp. clearly dominated the communities, accounting for up to 88% of Bacteria, with a minor contribution of other FeOB such as Sideroxydans spp. and Ferrovum myxofaciens'. Classical 16S rRNA gene cloning showed that 96% of the Gallionella-related sequences had 97% identity to the putatively metal-tolerant Gallionella capsiferriformans ES-2', in addition to known stalk formers such as Gallionella ferruginea and Gallionellaceae strain R-1. Twisted stalks from glass slides incubated in water and sediment were composed of the Fe(III) oxyhydroxide ferrihydrite, as well as polysaccharides. SEM and scanning TEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that stalk material contained Cu and Sn, demonstrating the association of heavy metals with biogenic iron oxides and the potential for metal retention by these stalks. Sequential extraction of sediments suggested that Cu (52-61% of total sediment Cu) and other heavy metals were primarily bound to the iron oxide fractions. These results show the importance of G. capsiferriformans' and biogenic iron oxides in slightly acidic but highly metal-contaminated freshwater environments. C1 [Fabisch, M.; Freyer, G.; Johnson, C. A.; Akob, D. M.; Kuesel, K.] Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Jena, Germany. [Johnson, C. A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Buechel, G.] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, Jena, Germany. [Akob, D. M.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Neu, T. R.] UFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res Leipzig Halle, Dept River Ecol, Magdeburg, Germany. [Kuesel, K.] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. RP Kusel, K (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Jena, Germany.; Kusel, K (reprint author), German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. EM kirsten.kuesel@uni-jena.de OI Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship program; Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) by the NSF; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX The authors thank the graduate research training group 'Alteration and element mobility at the microbe-mineral interface' (GRK 1257), which is part of the Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC) and funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), for financial support of M. Fabisch. C. Johnson was financially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship program and through the Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) by the NSF and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The authors would also like to thank Maren Sickinger and Jiro Mori for excellent technical assistance; Shipeng Lu, Juanjuan Wang, and Martina Herrmann for help with qPCR and discussions; and Michael F. Hochella, Jr. for electron microscopy advice and support. We thank Dirk Merten and Daniela Sporleder for sequential extraction and ICP measurements, and Katy Pfeiffer and Kai-Uwe Totsche for freeze drying of sediment samples, as well as Beate Michalzik and Susanne Richter for water DOC analyses. The Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory at Virginia Tech provided access to and assistance with SEM and TEM instrumentation. The authors hereby declare no potential sources of conflict of interest. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 123 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 14 IS 1 BP 68 EP 90 DI 10.1111/gbi.12162 PG 23 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC2ZW UT WOS:000369089500004 PM 26407813 ER PT J AU Bruggeman, JE Swem, T Andersen, DE Kennedy, PL Nigro, D AF Bruggeman, Jason E. Swem, Ted Andersen, David E. Kennedy, Patricia L. Nigro, Debora TI Multi-season occupancy models identify biotic and abiotic factors influencing a recovering Arctic Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus tundrius population SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE Colville River Special Area; National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska; nest-site quality; occupancy dynamics; population recovery; site colonization probability; site local extinction probability ID CENTRAL WEST GREENLAND; HABITAT SELECTION; BREEDING SUCCESS; TERRITORY QUALITY; NESTING HABITAT; WEATHER; BIRDS; RAPTORS; REPRODUCTION; INFORMATION AB Critical information for evaluating the effectiveness of management strategies for species of concern include distinguishing seldom occupied (or low-quality) habitat from habitat that is frequently occupied and thus contributes substantially to population trends. Using multi-season models that account for imperfect detection and a long-term (1981-2002) dataset on migratory Arctic Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus tundrius nesting along the Colville River, Alaska, we quantified the effects of previous year's productivity (i.e. site quality), amount of prey habitat, topography, climate, competition and year on occupancy dynamics across two spatial scales (nest-sites, cliffs) during recovery of the population. Initial occupancy probability was positively correlated with area of surrounding prey habitat and height of nest-sites above the Colville River. Colonization probability was positively correlated with nest height and negatively correlated with date of snowmelt. Local extinction probability was negatively correlated with productivity, area of prey habitat and nest height. Colonization and local extinction probabilities were also positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with year. Our results suggest that nest-sites (or cliffs) along the Colville River do not need equal protection measures. Nest-sites and cliffs with historically higher productivity were occupied most frequently and had lower probability of local extinction. These sites were on cliffs high above the river drainage, surrounded by adequate prey habitat and with southerly aspects associated with early snowmelt and warmer microclimates in spring. Protecting these sites is likely to encourage continued occupancy by Arctic Peregrine Falcons along the Colville River and other similar areas. Our findings also illustrate the importance of evaluating fitness parameters along with climate and habitat features when analysing occupancy dynamics, particularly with a long-term dataset spanning a range of annual climate variation. C1 [Bruggeman, Jason E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Swem, Ted] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Nigro, Debora] Bur Land Management, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Bruggeman, JE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM brug0006@umn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bureau of Land Management in Fairbanks, Alaska FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Bureau of Land Management in Fairbanks, Alaska. We are grateful to T. Cade and C. White for their tremendous contributions to the study and conservation of raptors in Alaska, including their seminal work on raptor ecology along the Colville River in the 1950s and 1960s. S. Ambrose led Peregrine-monitoring efforts in Alaska for many years and we appreciate his leadership and support. We thank C. Hamfler for providing GIS data and support, J. Brown, T. Katzner, Z. Wallace and one anonymous reviewer for review of the manuscript, and 32 colleagues who provided insight and helped collect the data used in this paper. B. Dittrick, P. Schempf and J. Silva led survey efforts in 1983, 1984 and 1986, respectively, and we thank them for use of their observations. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Federal Government, University of Minnesota or Oregon State University. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2016 VL 158 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1111/ibi.12313 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB7WM UT WOS:000368727700006 ER PT J AU Miller, TA Brooks, RP Lanzone, MJ Brandes, D Cooper, J Tremblay, JA Wilhelm, J Duerr, A Katzner, TE AF Miller, Tricia A. Brooks, Robert P. Lanzone, Michael J. Brandes, David Cooper, Jeff Tremblay, Junior A. Wilhelm, Jay Duerr, Adam Katzner, Todd E. TI Limitations and mechanisms influencing the migratory performance of soaring birds SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE Golden Eagle; migration; migration phenology; migratory wandering; movement ecology; path sinuosity ID DIFFERENTIAL MIGRATION; MODEL SELECTION; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; AVIAN MIGRATION; HAWK MOUNTAIN; WIND; SPEED; PENNSYLVANIA; ORIENTATION; INFERENCE AB Migration is costly in terms of time, energy and safety. Optimal migration theory suggests that individual migratory birds will choose between these three costs depending on their motivation and available resources. To test hypotheses about use of migratory strategies by large soaring birds, we used GPS telemetry to track 18 adult, 13 sub-adult and 15 juvenile Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in eastern North America. Each age-class had potentially different motivations during migration. During spring, the migratory performance (defined here as the directness of migratory flight) of adults was higher than that of any other age-classes. Adults also departed earlier and spent less time migrating. Together, these patterns suggest that adults were primarily time-limited and the other two age-classes were energy-limited. However, adults that migrated the longest distances during spring also appeared to take advantage of energy-conservation strategies such as decreasing their compensation for wind drift. During autumn, birds of all age-classes were primarily energy-minimizers; they increased the length of stopovers, flew less direct routes and migrated at a slower pace than during spring. Nonetheless, birds that departed later in autumn flew more directly, indicating that time limitations may have affected their decision-making. During both seasons, juveniles had the lowest performance, sub-adults intermediate performance and adults the highest performance. Our results show age- and seasonal variation in time and energy-minimization strategies that are not necessarily exclusive of one another. Beyond time and energy, a complex suite of factors, including weather, experience and navigation ability, influences migratory performance and decision-making. C1 [Miller, Tricia A.] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, Tricia A.; Duerr, Adam; Katzner, Todd E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Brooks, Robert P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Riparia, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lanzone, Michael J.] Cellular Tracking Technol, Somerset, PA 15501 USA. [Brandes, David] Lafayette Coll, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Cooper, Jeff] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Tremblay, Junior A.] Environm Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1J 0C3, Canada. [Wilhelm, Jay] W Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Miller, TA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tricia.miller@mail.wvu.edu FU VA Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grant from USFWS; PA SWG [T-12, T47-R-1]; US DoE [DE-EE0003538]; Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation; Penn State Earth and Environmental Institute Graduate Fellowship; Penn State Ecology Fellowship FX Funding for this work was received from the VA Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries through a Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grant from USFWS, PA SWG grants T-12 and T47-R-1, US DoE grant DE-EE0003538, Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, Penn State Earth and Environmental Institute Graduate Fellowship, Penn State Ecology Fellowship, and the authors' organizations. Scientific article No. 3264 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown. Use of Golden Eagles for this research was approved by the West Virginia University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol #11-0304 and the Animal Care Committee of the Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs (permits CPA-FAUNE 07-00-11; CPA-FAUNE 08-00-26; CPA-FAUNE-2009-06; CPA-FAUNE-2011-10; CPA-FAUNE-2012-11). Telemetry data were provided by J.A.T. and Charles Maisonnueve from Quebec Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs, and J.C., T.A.M and T.E.K. M.L. is an owner of Cellular Tracking Technologies that manufactures GPS-GSM transmitters used in this project. We thank the dozens of people who assisted us with field work and data collection. Insightful comments on the manuscript were provided by G. Young, M. Brittingham-Brant, M. Gannon and Keith Bildstein. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2016 VL 158 IS 1 BP 116 EP 134 DI 10.1111/ibi.12331 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB7WM UT WOS:000368727700011 ER PT J AU Lloyd, P Martin, TE AF Lloyd, Penn Martin, Thomas E. TI Fledgling survival increases with development time and adult survival across north and south temperate zones SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE adult survival; evolution; fledgling survival; life history ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; PARENTAL CARE; EMBRYONIC TEMPERATURE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; TROPICAL BIRDS; CLUTCH-SIZE; HABITAT-USE; MORTALITY; DISPERSAL AB Slow life histories are characterized by high adult survival and few offspring, which are thought to allow increased investment per offspring to increase juvenile survival. Consistent with this pattern, south temperate zone birds are commonly longer-lived and have fewer young than north temperate zone species. However, comparative analyses of juvenile survival, including during the first few weeks of the post-fledging period when most juvenile mortality occurs, are largely lacking. We combined our measurements of fledgling survival for eight passerines in South Africa with estimates from published studies of 57 north and south temperate zone songbird species to test three predictions: (1) fledgling survival increases with length of development time in the nest; (2) fledgling survival increases with adult survival and reduced brood size controlled for development time; and (3) south temperate zone species, with their higher adult survival and smaller brood sizes, exhibit higher fledgling survival than north temperate zone species controlled for development time. We found that fledgling survival was higher among south temperate zone species and generally increased with development time and adult survival within and between latitudinal regions. Clutch size did not explain additional variation, but was confounded with adult survival. Given the importance of age-specific mortality to life history evolution, understanding the causes of these geographical patterns of mortality is important. C1 [Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Lloyd, Penn] Biodivers Assessment & Management Pty Ltd, POB 1376, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Lloyd, P (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.; Lloyd, P (reprint author), Biodivers Assessment & Management Pty Ltd, POB 1376, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia. EM penn@baamecology.com OI Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU National Science Foundation [INT-9906030, DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041]; National Research Foundation FX We thank the many field assistants and co-workers who helped locate and monitor nests and the survival of post-fledging young each year, particularly Sonya Auer, Justin Shew, Anna Chalfoun, David Nkosi, Andrew Taylor, Simon Davies, Riccardo Ton and Ron Bassar. We thank Gert Greef, Hilton Westman and ESKOM for permission to work at Koeberg Nature Reserve. Comments from Richard Major and two anonymous reviewers considerably improved the manuscript. This work was supported in part through National Science Foundation grants (INT-9906030, DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041 to T.E.M.) and National Research Foundation grants (to P.L.). Research and banding activities were licensed by the CapeNature and SAFRING, the South African bird-ringing scheme that issued the numbered metal rings, and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee, University of Cape Town and IACUC #059-10TMMCWRU at the University of Montana. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2016 VL 158 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1111/ibi.12325 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB7WM UT WOS:000368727700012 ER PT J AU Jakobsson, M Nilsson, J Anderson, L Backman, J Bjork, G Cronin, TM Kirchner, N Koshurnikov, A Mayer, L Noormets, R O'Regan, M Stranne, C Ananiev, R Macho, NB Cherniykh, D Coxall, H Eriksson, B Floden, T Gemery, L Gustafsson, O Jerram, K Johansson, C Khortov, A Mohammad, R Semiletov, I AF Jakobsson, Martin Nilsson, Johan Anderson, Leif Backman, Jan Bjork, Goran Cronin, Thomas M. Kirchner, Nina Koshurnikov, Andrey Mayer, Larry Noormets, Riko O'Regan, Matthew Stranne, Christian Ananiev, Roman Macho, Natalia Barrientos Cherniykh, Denis Coxall, Helen Eriksson, Bjorn Floden, Tom Gemery, Laura Gustafsson, Orjan Jerram, Kevin Johansson, Carina Khortov, Alexey Mohammad, Rezwan Semiletov, Igor TI Evidence for an ice shelf covering the central Arctic Ocean during the penultimate glaciation SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LOMONOSOV RIDGE SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; NORTHERN EURASIA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; YERMAK PLATEAU; SHEET; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; STRATIGRAPHY; OSTRACODE AB The hypothesis of a km-thick ice shelf covering the entire Arctic Ocean during peak glacial conditions was proposed nearly half a century ago. Floating ice shelves preserve few direct traces after their disappearance, making reconstructions difficult. Seafloor imprints of ice shelves should, however, exist where ice grounded along their flow paths. Here we present new evidence of ice-shelf groundings on bathymetric highs in the central Arctic Ocean, resurrecting the concept of an ice shelf extending over the entire central Arctic Ocean during at least one previous ice age. New and previously mapped glacial landforms together reveal flow of a spatially coherent, in some regions41-km thick, central Arctic Ocean ice shelf dated to marine isotope stage 6 (similar to 140 ka). Bathymetric highs were likely critical in the ice-shelf development by acting as pinning points where stabilizing ice rises formed, thereby providing sufficient back stress to allow ice shelf thickening. C1 [Jakobsson, Martin; Backman, Jan; O'Regan, Matthew; Stranne, Christian; Macho, Natalia Barrientos; Coxall, Helen; Eriksson, Bjorn; Floden, Tom; Johansson, Carina; Mohammad, Rezwan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jakobsson, Martin; Nilsson, Johan; Backman, Jan; O'Regan, Matthew; Stranne, Christian; Macho, Natalia Barrientos; Coxall, Helen; Eriksson, Bjorn; Gustafsson, Orjan; Johansson, Carina; Mohammad, Rezwan] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jakobsson, Martin; Noormets, Riko] UNIS Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway. [Nilsson, Johan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Anderson, Leif; Bjork, Goran] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Cronin, Thomas M.; Gemery, Laura] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kirchner, Nina] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Koshurnikov, Andrey; Ananiev, Roman; Cherniykh, Denis; Khortov, Alexey; Semiletov, Igor] Natl Res Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Koshurnikov, Andrey; Ananiev, Roman] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Geocryol, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Mayer, Larry; Stranne, Christian] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cherniykh, Denis; Semiletov, Igor] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Oceanol Inst, 43 Baltiiskaya St, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. [Gustafsson, Orjan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Jakobsson, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.; Jakobsson, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.; Jakobsson, M (reprint author), UNIS Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway. EM martin.jakobsson@geo.su.se RI Jakobsson, Martin/F-6214-2010; Ananyev, Roman/D-5589-2013; stranne, christian/L-4382-2013 OI Jakobsson, Martin/0000-0002-9033-3559; Nilsson, Johan/0000-0002-9591-124X; stranne, christian/0000-0003-1004-5213 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; Stockholm University; Swedish Research Council (VR); National Science Foundation; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use RD Program; Government of the Russian Federation [2013-220-04157/no. 14, Z50.31.0012/03.19.2014]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [13-05-12028, 13-05-12041, 12-05-12029, 13-05-12015]; Russian Science Foundation [15-17-20032] FX The SWERUS-C3 expedition was financed by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and Stockholm University. Research grants to individual scientist were provided by the Swedish Research Council (VR), National Science Foundation, US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use R&D Program, Government of the Russian Federation (grant no. 2013-220-04157/no. 14, Z50.31.0012/03.19.2014), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Nos. 13-05-12028, 13-05-12041, 12-05-12029 and 13-05-12015) and The Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 15-17-20032). The data reported in this paper are archived at the Bolin Centre Database: http://bolin.su.se/data/. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10365 DI 10.1038/ncomms10365 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC2BL UT WOS:000369022100002 PM 26778247 ER PT J AU Craddock, WH Houseknecht, DW AF Craddock, William H. Houseknecht, David W. TI Cretaceous-Cenozoic burial and exhumation history of the Chukchi shelf, offshore Arctic Alaska SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHUKOTKA VOLCANIC BELT; FISSION-TRACK ANALYSIS; NORTH SLOPE; WRANGEL ISLAND; FORELAND BASIN; CANADA BASIN; EVOLUTION; APATITE; STRATIGRAPHY; THERMOCHRONOLOGY AB Apatite fission track (AFT) and vitrinite reflectance data from five exploration wells and three seafloor cores illuminate the thermal history of the underexplored United States Chukchi shelf. On the northeastern shelf, Triassic strata in the Chevron 1 Diamond well record apatite annealing followed by cooling, possibly during the Triassic to Middle Jurassic, which is a thermal history likely related to Canada Basin rifting. Jurassic strata exhumed in the hanging wall of the frontal Herald Arch thrust fault record a history of probable Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous structural burial in the Chukotka fold and thrust belt, followed by rapid exhumation to near-surface temperatures at 104 +/- 30 Ma. This history of contractional tectonism is in good agreement with inherited fission track ages in low thermal-maturity, Cretaceous-Cenozoic strata in the Chukchi foreland, providing complementary evidence for the timing of exhumation and suggesting a source-to-sink relationship. In the central Chukchi foreland, inverse modeling of reset AFT samples from the Shell 1 Klondike and Shell 1 Crackerjack wells reveals several tens of degrees of cooling from maximum paleo-temperatures, with maximum heating permissible at any time from about 100 to 50 Ma, and cooling persisting to as recent as 30 Ma. Similar histories are compatible with partially reset AFT samples from other Chukchi wells (Shell 1 Popcorn, Shell 1 Burger, and Chevron 1 Diamond) and are probable in light of regional geologic evidence. Given geologic context provided by regional seismic reflection data, we interpret these inverse models to reveal a Late Cretaceous episode of cyclical burial and erosion across the central Chukchi shelf, possibly partially overprinted by Cenozoic cooling related to decreasing surface temperatures. Regionally, we interpret this kinematic history to be reflective of moderate, transpressional deformation of the Chukchi shelf during the final phases of contractional tectonism in the Chukotkan orogen (lasting until similar to 70 Ma), followed by renewed subsidence of the Chukchi shelf in the latest Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This history maintained modest thermal maturities at the base of the Brookian sequence across the Chukchi shelf, because large sediment volumes bypassed to adjacent depocenters. Therefore, the Chukchi shelf appears to be an area with the potential for widespread preservation of petroleum systems in the oil window. C1 [Craddock, William H.; Houseknecht, David W.] US Geol Survey, MS 956,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Craddock, WH; Houseknecht, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wcraddock@usgs.gov; dhouse@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 EI 1558-9153 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 100 IS 1 BP 63 EP 100 DI 10.1306/09291515010 PG 38 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB5RE UT WOS:000368570500005 ER PT S AU Woodroffe, CD Rogers, K McKee, KL Lovelock, CE Mendelssohn, IA Saintilan, N AF Woodroffe, C. D. Rogers, K. McKee, K. L. Lovelock, C. E. Mendelssohn, I. A. Saintilan, N. BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Mangrove Sedimentation and Response to Relative Sea-Level Rise SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 8 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE mangrove ecosystems; sea-level rise; sediment accumulation; hydrodynamics; carbon sequestration ID MEKONG RIVER DELTA; SURFACE ELEVATION DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHEAST AUSTRALIA; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SALTWATER INTRUSION; ESTUARINE WETLANDS; WAVE ATTENUATION; COASTAL WETLANDS AB Mangroves occur on upper intertidal shorelines in the tropics and subtropics. Complex hydrodynamic and salinity conditions, related primarily to elevation and hydroperiod, influence mangrove distributions; this review considers how these distributions change over time. Accumulation rates of allochthonous and autochthonous sediment, both inorganic and organic, vary between and within different settings. Abundant terrigenous sediment can form dynamic mudbanks, and tides redistribute sediment, contrasting with mangrove peat in sediment-starved carbonate settings. Sediments underlying mangroves sequester carbon but also contain paleoenvironmental records of adjustments to past sea-level changes. Radiometric dating indicates long-term sedimentation, whereas measurements made using surface elevation tables and marker horizons provide shorter perspectives, indicating shallow subsurface processes of root growth and substrate autocompaction. Many tropical deltas also experience deep subsidence, which augments relative sea-level rise. The persistence of mangroves implies an ability to cope with moderately high rates of relative sea-level rise. However, many human pressures threaten mangroves, resulting in a continuing decline in their extent throughout the tropics.* C1 [Woodroffe, C. D.; Rogers, K.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [McKee, K. L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Lovelock, C. E.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Lovelock, C. E.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Mendelssohn, I. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Saintilan, N.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Woodroffe, CD; Rogers, K (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.; McKee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.; Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.; Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.; Mendelssohn, IA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.; Saintilan, N (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. EM colin@uow.edu.au; kerrylee@uow.edu.au; mckeek@usgs.gov; c.lovelock@uq.edu.au; imendel@lsu.edu; neil.saintilan@mq.edu.au RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; Woodroffe, Colin/K-5222-2015; McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Woodroffe, Colin/0000-0003-4476-6158; McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X NR 141 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 30 U2 89 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4508-2 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2016 VL 8 BP 243 EP 266 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034025 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BE1QC UT WOS:000368369200011 PM 26407146 ER PT J AU Peterson, SH McHuron, EA Kennedy, SN Ackerman, JT Rea, LD Castellini, JM O'Hara, TM Costa, DP AF Peterson, Sarah H. McHuron, Elizabeth A. Kennedy, Stephanie N. Ackerman, Joshua T. Rea, Lorrie D. Castellini, J. Margaret O'Hara, Todd M. Costa, Daniel P. TI Evaluating Hair as a Predictor of Blood Mercury: The Influence of Ontogenetic Phase and Life History in Pinnipeds SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; METHYL MERCURY; PHOCA-GROENLANDICA; SEABIRD FEATHERS; MARINE MAMMALS; HEAVY-METALS; HARBOR SEALS AB Mercury (Hg) biomonitoring of pinnipeds increasingly utilizes nonlethally collected tissues such as hair and blood. The relationship between total Hg concentrations ([THg]) in these tissues is not well understood for marine mammals, but it can be important for interpretation of tissue concentrations with respect to ecotoxicology and biomonitoring. We examined [THg] in blood and hair in multiple age classes of four pinniped species. For each species, we used paired blood and hair samples to quantify the ability of [THg] in hair to predict [THg] in blood at the time of sampling and examined the influence of varying ontogenetic phases and life history of the sampled animals. Overall, we found that the relationship between [THg] in hair and blood was affected by factors including age class, weaning status, growth, and the time difference between hair growth and sample collection. Hair [THg] was moderately to strongly predictive of current blood [THg] for adult female Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), and adult harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), whereas hair [THg] was poorly predictive or not predictive (different times of year) of blood [THg] for adult northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Within species, except for very young pups, hair [THg] was a weaker predictor of blood [THg] for prereproductive animals than for adults likely due to growth, variability in foraging behavior, and transitions between ontogenetic phases. Our results indicate that the relationship between hair [THg] and blood [THg] in pinnipeds is variable and that ontogenetic phase and life history should be considered when interpreting [THg] in these tissues. C1 [Peterson, Sarah H.; McHuron, Elizabeth A.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kennedy, Stephanie N.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Rea, Lorrie D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, POB 755910, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kennedy, Stephanie N.; Castellini, J. Margaret; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Wildlife Toxicol Lab, Dept Vet Med, POB 757750, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Peterson, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sarahpeterson23@gmail.com OI Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901 FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory (Alaska Fisheries Science Center/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); Friends of Long Marine Laboratory; Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; PADI Foundation; University of California Natural Reserve System Mildred Mathias Graduate Student Research Grant Program; Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship in Marine Mammals; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation Northern California Chapter from the Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0134, N00014-10-1-0356]; U. S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; NOAA cooperative agreement funds; Alaska Department of Fish and Game [NA13NMF4720041] FX Animals were handled under National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) permit no. 14636 (northern elephant seals), NMFS permit no. 555-1870 and 373-1686 (harbor seals), United States Fish and Wildlife permit no. 81640-2009-041 and 81640-2011002 (harbor seals), National Park Service permit no. PORE-2011SCI-0003 (harbor seals), NMFS permit no. 17952, 14676, 16087, and 17115 (California sea lions), NMFS permit no. 358-1769, 358-1888, 14325, and 14325 (Steller sea lions), and approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols from the University of California, Santa Cruz, San Jose State University, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank the many volunteers, students, and technicians who made this work possible. We especially thank J. Harvey, P. Ponganis, M. Tift, K. Prager, J. Lloyd-Smith, L. Correa, A. Grimes, G. Johnson, J. Harley, A. Christ, P. Robinson, C. Goetsch, X. Rojas-Rocha, D. Crocker, P. Morris, the rangers at Ano Nuevo State Reserve, S. Melin, R. DeLong, and J. Harris, as well as the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (Alaska Fisheries Science Center/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) for support. Financial support was provided by funds to S. H. P. and E. A. M from the Friends of Long Marine Laboratory, the Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, the PADI Foundation, the University of California Natural Reserve System Mildred Mathias Graduate Student Research Grant Program, the Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship in Marine Mammals, the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation Northern California Chapter, Grant no. N00014-13-1-0134 and N00014-10-1-0356 to D. P. C. from the Office of Naval Research, the U. S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center to J. T. A, and by NOAA cooperative agreement funds to L. D. R., T. M. O., and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game through Grant no. NA13NMF4720041. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 28 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0174-3 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DB7UK UT WOS:000368721800004 PM 26149950 ER PT J AU McHuron, EA Peterson, SH Ackerman, JT Melin, SR Harris, JD Costa, DP AF McHuron, Elizabeth A. Peterson, Sarah H. Ackerman, Joshua T. Melin, Sharon R. Harris, Jeffrey D. Costa, Daniel P. TI Effects of Age, Colony, and Sex on Mercury Concentrations in California Sea Lions SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; NORTHERN FUR SEALS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PHOCA-VITULINA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; BLOOD COMPARTMENTS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; DIETARY MERCURY; MARINE MAMMALS AB We measured total mercury (THg) concentrations in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and examined how concentrations varied with age class, colony, and sex. Because Hg exposure is primarily via diet, we used nitrogen (delta N-15) and carbon (delta C-13) stable isotopes to determine if intraspecific differences in THg concentrations could be explained by feeding ecology. Blood and hair were collected from 21 adult females and 57 juveniles from three colonies in central and southern California (San Nicolas, San Miguel, and Ano Nuevo Islands). Total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.31 mu g g(-1) wet weight (ww) in blood and 0.74 to 21.00 mu g g(-1) dry weight (dw) in hair. Adult females had greater mean THg concentrations than juveniles in blood (0.15 vs. 0.03 mu g(-1) ww) and hair (10.10 vs. 3.25 mu g(-1) dw). Age class differences in THg concentrations did not appear to be driven by trophic level or habitat type because there were no differences in delta N-15 or delta C-13 values between adults and juveniles. Total Hg concentrations in adult females were 54 % (blood) and 24 % (hair) greater in females from San Miguel than females from San Nicolas Island, which may have been because sea lions from the two islands foraged in different areas. For juveniles, we detected some differences in THg concentrations with colony and sex, although these were likely due to sampling effects and not ecological differences. Overall, THg concentrations in California sea lions were within the range documented for other marine mammals and were generally below toxicity benchmarks for fish-eating wildlife. C1 [McHuron, Elizabeth A.; Peterson, Sarah H.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Melin, Sharon R.; Harris, Jeffrey D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. RP McHuron, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM emchuron@ucsc.edu OI Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901 FU Office of Naval Research [ONR N00014-13-1-0134]; Friends of Long Marine Laboratory Student Research and Education Award; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; [JIP22 07-23] FX All animals were sampled in conjunction with other studies under National Marine Fisheries Permit Nos. 14676, 16087, 17115, and 17952 and approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols from the University of California Los Angeles, University of California San Diego, and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. We thank the United States Navy (especially J. Ugoretz), the staff at Channel Islands National Park and Channel Islands Aviation for logistical support, rangers at Ano Nuevo State Reserve, and all of the volunteers who assisted in animal capture and sample collection. We especially thank P. Ponganis, M. Tift, K. Prager, and J. Lloyd-Smith. Funding support for E.A. McHuron was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR N00014-13-1-0134), the Joint Industry Programme (JIP22 07-23), and a Friends of Long Marine Laboratory Student Research and Education Award. Funding support for J.T. Ackerman was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0201-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DB7UK UT WOS:000368721800005 PM 26259982 ER PT J AU Shimeld, J Li, QM Chian, DP Lebedeva-Ivanova, N Jackson, R Mosher, D Hutchinson, D AF Shimeld, John Li, Qingmou Chian, Deping Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina Jackson, Ruth Mosher, David Hutchinson, Deborah TI Seismic velocities within the sedimentary succession of the Canada Basin and southern Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean: evidence for accelerated porosity reduction ? SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical approximations and analysis; Spatial analysis; Controlled source seismology; Acoustic properties; Sedimentary basin processes; Large igneous provinces; Crustal structure; Arctic region ID BEAUFORT-MACKENZIE BASIN; LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE; NEWFOUNDLAND MARGIN; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; NORWEGIAN SHELF; DEPTH FUNCTIONS; AMERASIA BASIN; ROCK PHYSICS; TRAVEL-TIME; SEA MARGIN AB The Canada Basin and the southern Alpha-Mendeleev ridge complex underlie a significant proportion of the Arctic Ocean, but the geology of this undrilled and mostly ice-covered frontier is poorly known. New information is encoded in seismic wide-angle reflections and refractions recorded with expendable sonobuoys between 2007 and 2011. Velocity-depth samples within the sedimentary succession are extracted from published analyses for 142 of these records obtained at irregularly spaced stations across an area of 1.9E + 06 km(2). The samples are modelled at regional, subregional and station-specific scales using an exponential function of inverse velocity versus depth with regionally representative parameters determined through numerical regression. With this approach, smooth, non-oscillatory velocity-depth profiles can be generated for any desired location in the study area, even where the measurement density is low. Practical application is demonstrated with a map of sedimentary thickness, derived from seismic reflection horizons interpreted in the time domain and depth converted using the velocity-depth profiles for each seismic trace. A thickness of 12-13 km is present beneath both the upper Mackenzie fan and the middle slope off of Alaska, but the sedimentary prism thins more gradually outboard of the latter region. Mapping of the observed-to-predicted velocities reveals coherent geospatial trends associated with five subregions: the Mackenzie fan; the continental slopes beyond the Mackenzie fan; the abyssal plain; the southwestern Canada Basin; and, the Alpha-Mendeleev magnetic domain. Comparison of the subregional velocity-depth models with published borehole data, and interpretation of the station-specific best-fitting model parameters, suggests that sandstone is not a predominant lithology in any of the five subregions. However, the bulk sand-to-shale ratio likely increases towards the Mackenzie fan, and the model for this subregion compares favourably with borehole data for Miocene turbidites in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The station-specific results also indicate that Quaternary sediments coarsen towards the Beaufort-Mackenzie and Banks Island margins in a manner that is consistent with the variable history of Laurentide Ice Sheet advance documented for these margins. Lithological factors do not fully account for the elevated velocity-depth trends that are associated with the southwestern Canada Basin and the Alpha-Mendeleev magnetic domain. Accelerated porosity reduction due to elevated palaeo-heat flow is inferred for these regions, which may be related to the underlying crustal types or possibly volcanic intrusion of the sedimentary succession. Beyond exploring the variation of an important physical property in the Arctic Ocean basin, this study provides comparative reference for global studies of seismic velocity, burial history, sedimentary compaction, seismic inversion and overpressure prediction, particularly in mudrock-dominated successions. C1 [Shimeld, John; Li, Qingmou; Jackson, Ruth; Mosher, David] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Chian, Deping] Chian Consulting Inc, Dartmouth, NS B2V 1C5, Canada. [Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 22, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hutchinson, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina] Univ Oslo, Ctr Earth Evolut & Dynam, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Shimeld, J (reprint author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM John.Shimeld@nrcan.gc.ca NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 204 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv416 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3QS UT WOS:000368427000001 ER PT J AU Shriver, WG O'Brien, KM Ducey, MJ Hodgman, TP AF Shriver, W. Gregory O'Brien, Kathleen M. Ducey, Mark J. Hodgman, Thomas P. TI Population abundance and trends of Saltmarsh (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelson's (A-nelsoni) Sparrows: influence of sea levels and precipitation SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus; Climate change; Monitoring; Nelson's Sparrow; Precipitation; Population trends; Saltmarsh Sparrow; Sea-level rise ID SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-ENGLAND; RISE; 21ST-CENTURY; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; CONCORDANCE; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS AB Evidence of biological responses to climate change continues to grow. Long-term monitoring programs are critical in documenting these changes as well as identifying the primary stressors that may influence a species' ability to adapt to changing climate. Eastern North American salt marshes support the greatest number of endemic salt marsh vertebrates globally, two of which are sympatric from southern Maine to northern Massachusetts, USA. Saltmarsh Sparrows (Ammodramus caudacutus), listed 'vulnerable' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), have a restricted global breeding range that occurs in salt marshes from Maine to Virginia, USA. Nelson's Sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni) breed in salt marshes from Massachusetts north to the Canadian Maritime Provinces and west to the prairie pothole regions of central Canada. These taxa hybridize in sympatry which may affect how these taxa respond to changing habitat quality and availability caused by climate change. We present the first estimates of the effects of sea level rise, breeding season precipitation, and salt marsh patch size on the abundance and population trends for three groups: (1) Saltmarsh Sparrows, (2) Nelson's Sparrows, and (3) all Sharp-tailed Sparrows [the combined population of both species including hybrids]. We used 14 years of population monitoring data (2000-2013) from nine saltmarshes within the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, Maine, USA. We detected a declining trend for Saltmarsh Sparrow (i.e., significant decline, but not significantly more than 5 % per year), stable trends for Nelson's Sparrows and for all Sharp-tailed Sparrows (i.e., no significant increase or decrease over the time period). Abundances for the three sparrow groups varied among years and marsh units. Drier years with relatively low mean sea levels had the greatest abundances. Breeding season precipitation negatively influenced population trends for Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrows and mean sea level had a negative effect on Saltmarsh Sparrow population trends. Our results indicate that Saltmarsh Sparrow, the species most specialized to salt marshes, has declined which may be indicative of broader, regional patterns. The negative relationships of mean sea level and precipitation with Saltmarsh Sparrow population trends suggest that the negative effects of increasing nest flooding may be having demographic-level effects on this local population. Analyses of other salt marsh bird long-term monitoring programs are warranted to determine if this pattern is consistent in other portions of the Saltmarsh Sparrow range. C1 [Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wells, ME 04090 USA. [Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hodgman, Thomas P.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. RP Shriver, WG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM gshriver@udel.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System FX We would like to thank Jan Taylor, Graham Taylor, and Ward Feurt for providing long-term financial, administrative, logistical, and continued support for salt marsh bird monitoring at Rachel Carson NWR. Without their continued support and initiation of the project, this monitoring program would not exist. We would like to thank Marcy Putney, Nancy Williams, James Panaccione, Carlos Guindon, Brian C. Harris, Angeline Chessey, and Chris Jacques, who worked long hours in the field to collect these data and are warmly acknowledged. Funding was provided by US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 157 IS 1 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s10336-015-1266-6 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB6FY UT WOS:000368610900019 ER PT J AU Chan, YC Brugge, M Tibbitts, TL Dekinga, A Porter, R Klaassen, RHG Piersma, T AF Chan, Ying-Chi Brugge, Maarten Tibbitts, T. Lee Dekinga, Anne Porter, Ron Klaassen, Raymond H. G. Piersma, Theunis TI Testing an attachment method for solar-powered tracking devices on a long-distance migrating shorebird SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calidris canutus; Harness design; Satellite transmitter; Tag retention; Telemetry ID KNOTS CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; HABITAT USE; WADDEN SEA; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS; TRANSMITTERS; AUSTRALIA; STOPOVER; HARNESS AB Small solar-powered satellite transmitters and GPS data loggers enable continuous, multi-year, and global tracking of birds. What is lacking, however, are reliable methods to attach these tracking devices to small migratory birds so that (1) flight performance is not impacted and (2) tags are retained during periods of substantial mass change associated with long-distance migration. We developed a full-body harness to attach tags to Red Knots (Calidris canutus), a medium-sized shorebird (average mass 124 g) that undertakes long-distance migrations. First, we deployed dummy tags on captive birds and monitored them over a complete migratory fattening cycle (February-July 2013) during which time they gained and lost 31-110 g and underwent a pre-alternate moult of body feathers. Using each individual's previous year fattening and moult data in captivity as controls, we compared individual mass and moult differences between years between the tagged and reference groups, and concluded that the attachment did not impact mass and moult cycles. However, some birds shed feathers under the tags and under the polyester harness line commonly used in avian harnesses. Feather shedding was alleviated by switching to smoothed-bottom tags and monofilament harness lines. To field-trial this design, we deployed 5-g satellite transmitters on ten Red Knots released on 3 October 2013 in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Bird movements and tag performance appeared normal. However, nine tags stopped transmitting 11-170 days post-release which was earlier than expected. We attribute this to bird mortality rather than failure of the attachments or transmitters and suggest that the extra weight and drag caused by the tag and its feather-blocking shield increased the chance of depredation by the locally common Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus). Our results demonstrate that species- and place-specific contexts can strongly determine tagging success. While captive trials are an important first step in developing an attachment method, field trials are essential to fully assess attachment designs. C1 [Chan, Ying-Chi; Brugge, Maarten; Dekinga, Anne; Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Porter, Ron] 800 Quinard Court, Ambler, PA 19002 USA. [Klaassen, Raymond H. G.; Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Anim Ecol Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. RP Chan, YC (reprint author), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. EM yingchi.chan@nioz.nl FU NWO-ALW TOP-grant ('Shorebirds in space') [854.11.004]; Waddenfonds ('Metawad') [WF-209925] FX Bernard Spaans, Piet van den Hout, the crew of RV Navicula and many others have helped catching Red Knots. Edwin Keijzer designed and 3D-printed the dummy tags. John Cluderay suggested that heat-shrink tubing could be wrapped around the 'breast knot'. The photo in Fig. 1b was by Jan van de Kam. We are grateful to Cathy Bykowsky and Paul Howey of Microwave Telemetry, Maryland, USA, for making their tags available in time for the field test. We thank Nanneke van der Wal and Chris Pool of the KNAW Animal Experiments Committee for their help. This study was supported by an NWO-ALW TOP-grant ('Shorebirds in space', 854.11.004, awarded to T.P.) with additional contributions from WWF-Netherlands, WWF-China and Waddenfonds ('Metawad', WF-209925, awarded to T.P.). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 157 IS 1 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s10336-015-1276-4 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DB6FY UT WOS:000368610900028 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Schulte, JM AF Schofield, Pamela J. Schulte, Jessica M. TI Small but tough: What can ecophysiology of croaking gourami Trichopsis vittata (Cuvier, 1831) tell us about invasiveness of non-native fishes in Florida? SO NEOBIOTA LA English DT Article ID CICHLASOMA-UROPHTHALMUS; HOPLOSTERNUM-LITTORALE; EVERGLADES WETLANDS; HYPOXIA TOLERANCE; NATIVE FISHES; SALINITY; PTERYGOPLICHTHYS; MOSQUITOFISH; INVASION; CICHLIDS AB Trichopsis vittata (Cuvier, 1831) is a small, freshwater gourami (Fam: Osphronemidae) native to southeast Asia. It was first detected in Florida in the 1970s and seems to have persisted for decades in a small area. In this study, we documented T. vittata's ecophysiological tolerances (salinity and low-temperature) and qualitatively compared them to published values for other sympatric non-native species that have successfully invaded much of the Florida peninsula. Trichopsis vittata survived acute salinity shifts to 16 psu and was able to survive up to 20 psu when salinity was raised more slowly (5 psu per week). In a cold-tolerance experiment, temperature was lowered from 24 degrees C at 1 degrees C hr(-1) until fish died. Mean temperature at death (i.e., lower lethal limit) was 7.2 degrees C. Trichopsis vittata seems as tolerant or more tolerant than many other sympatric non-native fishes for the variables we examined. However, T. vittata is the only species that has not dispersed since its introduction. Species other than T. vittata have broadly invaded ranges, many of which include the entire lower third of the Florida peninsula. It is possible that tolerance to environmental parameters serves as a filter for establishment, wherein candidate species must possess the ability to survive abiotic extremes as a first step. However, a species' ability to expand its geographic range may ultimately rely on a secondary set of criteria including biotic interactions and life-history variables. C1 [Schofield, Pamela J.; Schulte, Jessica M.] US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pschofield@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Programme; Southeast Ecological Science Center FX Support for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Programme and the Southeast Ecological Science Center. We thank D. Pecora, S. M. Gutierre and M. Brown for their assistance with various aspects of fish and data collection. A. Benson kindly created the maps. S. Ruessler and W. Hyde provided generous assistance with laboratory facilities. M. Hunter and W. Loftus provided comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Fish were collected under Special Use Permit B14-005 from ARM Loxahatchee Wildlife Refuge. All procedures were in compliance with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee regulations (approved protocol USGS/SESC 2014-10). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1619-0033 EI 1314-2488 J9 NEOBIOTA JI NeoBiota PY 2016 VL 28 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.3897/neobiota.28.5259 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DB4SB UT WOS:000368502300003 ER PT J AU Saltmarsh, DM Bowser, ML Morton, JM Lang, S Shain, D Dial, R AF Saltmarsh, Deanna Marie Bowser, Matthew L. Morton, John M. Lang, Shirley Shain, Daniel Dial, Roman TI Distribution and abundance of exotic earthworms within a boreal forest system in southcentral Alaska SO NEOBIOTA LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; KENAI PENINSULA LOWLANDS; GREAT-LAKES REGION; INVASION; SOIL; LUMBRICIDAE; COLONIZATION; OLIGOCHAETA; PATTERNS; AMERICA AB Little is known about exotic earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in Alaska outside its southeastern panhandle. This study documents the distribution of exotic earthworms in the relatively undisturbed Kenai National Wildlife Refuge (KNWR), a large, primarily wilderness refuge in southcentral Alaska. We sampled 69 sites near boat launches, along road corridors, and in low human impact areas > 5 km from the road, finding three species of earthworms (Dendrobaena octaedra, Dendrodrilus rubidus, and Lumbricus terrestris). Most road sites (90%) and boat launches (80%) contained earthworms; half (50%) of low human impact sites contained earthworms. Distance to roads was the only significant factor in predicting earthworm occurrence; soil pH, soil moisture, leaf litter depth, and vegetation cover were not. The disparate distributions of these three species suggest that within the KNWR road construction and vehicle traffic played a role in dispersal of the widespread, abundant Dendrobaena octaedra and uncommon Dendrodrilus rubidus; bait abandonment appeared to be the primary method of introduction of Lumbricus terrestris. While the distribution of harmful anecic earthworms in KNWR is currently limited, the prohibition of Lumbricus spp. as bait within conservation units in Alaska may be warranted. C1 [Saltmarsh, Deanna Marie; Dial, Roman] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Bowser, Matthew L.; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Lang, Shirley; Shain, Daniel] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. RP Bowser, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. EM matt_bowser@fws.gov FU NASA Alaska Space Grant Program; Alaska Pacific University GIS and GPS Grant; USFWS-NWRS Invasive Species Program FX We thank Paige Richardson and Jennifer Gregory for their assistance with field and laboratory work, and housing and logistical support from the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Jason Geck for GIS assistance, and Carl Tobin for manuscript suggestions. Daniel Fern~ndez Marchan provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This research was funded by the NASA Alaska Space Grant Program, the Alaska Pacific University GIS and GPS Grant, and a grant from the USFWS-NWRS Invasive Species Program. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 16 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1619-0033 EI 1314-2488 J9 NEOBIOTA JI NeoBiota PY 2016 VL 28 BP 67 EP 86 DI 10.3897/neobiota.28.5503 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DB4SB UT WOS:000368502300004 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Lewis, TE Palmer, CJ Amos, MM AF Stapanian, Martin A. Lewis, Timothy E. Palmer, Craig J. Amos, Molly M. TI Assessing accuracy and precision for field and laboratory data: a perspective in ecosystem restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE accuracy; ecosystem restoration; field calibration; precision; QA/QC ID MULTIVARIATE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA; LAKE-ERIE; 2 TESTS; SCALE; REPEATABILITY; ASSESSMENTS; DISTURBANCE; INTEGRITY; OUTLIERS; QUALITY AB Unlike most laboratory studies, rigorous quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures may be lacking in ecosystem restoration (ecorestoration) projects, despite legislative mandates in the United States. This is due, in part, to ecorestoration specialists making the false assumption that some types of data (e.g. discrete variables such as species identification and abundance classes) are not subject to evaluations of data quality. Moreover, emergent behavior manifested by complex, adapting, and nonlinear organizations responsible for monitoring the success of ecorestoration projects tend to unconsciously minimize disorder, QA/QC being an activity perceived as creating disorder. We discuss similarities and differences in assessing precision and accuracy for field and laboratory data. Although the concepts for assessing precision and accuracy of ecorestoration field data are conceptually the same as laboratory data, the manner in which these data quality attributes are assessed is different. From a sample analysis perspective, a field crew is comparable to a laboratory instrument that requires regular recalibration, with results obtained by experts at the same plot treated as laboratory calibration standards. Unlike laboratory standards and reference materials, the true value for many field variables is commonly unknown. In the laboratory, specific QA/QC samples assess error for each aspect of the measurement process, whereas field revisits assess precision and accuracy of the entire data collection process following initial calibration. Rigorous QA/QC data in an ecorestoration project are essential for evaluating the success of a project, and they provide the only objective legacy of the dataset for potential legal challenges and future uses. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Lewis, Timothy E.] US Army Corps Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Palmer, Craig J.; Amos, Molly M.] CSC, 6361 Walker Lane, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-12-008] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for comments on the original submission. J. Aron, H. Clavien, A. Friona, L. Walker, and M. Loomis reviewed previous drafts. L. Blume provided valuable suggestions, comments, and encouragement. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This article is Contribution Number 1970 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Some of the information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under contract number EP-C-12-008 to CSC. Although some of the research described in this article has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency review. Any opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not, necessarily, reflect the official positions and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the U.S. EPA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1111/rec.12284 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DB6QB UT WOS:000368638700004 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Rohweder, JJ Yin, Y Hoy, E AF De Jager, Nathan R. Rohweder, Jason J. Yin, Yao Hoy, Erin TI The Upper Mississippi River floodscape: spatial patterns of flood inundation and associated plant community distributions SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bottomland hardwood forest; Climate change; Disturbance; Diversity; Floodscape; Restoration; Wetland ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; FOREST; RESTORATION; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; HERBIVORY; DURATION; INVASION; STREAM; DAMS AB Questions: How is the distribution of different plant communities associated with patterns of flood inundation across a large floodplain landscape? Location: Thirty-eight thousand nine hundred and seventy hectare of floodplain, spanning 320 km of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Methods: High-resolution elevation data (Lidar) and 30 yr of daily river stage data were integrated to produce a 'floodscape' map of growing season flood inundation duration. The distributions of 16 different remotely sensed plant communities were quantified along the gradient of flood duration. Results: Models fitted to the cumulative frequency of occurrence of different vegetation types as a function of flood duration showed that most types exist along a continuum of flood-related occurrence. The diversity of community types was greatest at high elevations (0-10 d of flooding), where both upland and lowland community types were found, as well as at very low elevations (70-180 d of flooding), where a variety of lowland herbaceous communities were found. Intermediate elevations (20-60 d of flooding) tended to be dominated by floodplain forest and had the lowest diversity of community types. Conclusions: Although variation in flood inundation is often considered to be the main driver of spatial patterns in floodplain plant communities, few studies have quantified flood-vegetation relationships at broad scales. Our results can be used to identify targets for restoration of historical hydrological regimes or better anticipate hydro-ecological effects of climate change at broad scales. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Rohweder, Jason J.; Yin, Yao; Hoy, Erin] USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54630 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54630 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov; jrohweder@usgs.gov; yyin@usgs.gov; ehoy@usgs.gov OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU US Army Corps of Engineer's Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program FX Helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript were provided by two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this research was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineer's Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program. Brian Lubinski (USFWS) and Larry Robinson (USGS) conducted the flights to acquire the digital imagery used in vegetation mapping. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1402-2001 EI 1654-109X J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 1 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1111/avsc.12189 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DA8RU UT WOS:000368074600017 ER PT J AU Henneberry, Y Kraus, TEC Krabbenhoft, DP Horwath, WR AF Henneberry, Yumiko Kraus, Tamara E. C. Krabbenhoft, David P. Horwath, William R. TI Investigating the Temporal Effects of Metal-Based Coagulants to Remove Mercury from Solution in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coagulation; Methylmercury; Ferric sulfate; Dissolved organic matter; Flocculation ID ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; WATER-TREATMENT; NATURAL-WATERS; ADSORPTION; METHYLMERCURY; COMPLEXATION; CARBON; IRON; CONSTANTS AB The presence of mercury (Hg), particularly methylmercury (MeHg), is a concern for both human and ecological health as MeHg is a neurotoxin and can bioaccumulate to lethal levels in upper trophic level organisms. Recent research has demonstrated that coagulation with metal-based salts can effectively remove both inorganic mercury (IHg) and MeHg from solution through association with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and subsequent flocculation and precipitation. In this study, we sought to further examine interactions between Hg and DOM and the resulting organo-metallic precipitate (floc) to assess if (1) newly added IHg could be removed to the same extent as ambient IHg or whether the association between IHg and DOM requires time, and (2) once formed, if the floc has the capacity to remove additional Hg from solution. Agricultural drainage water samples containing ambient concentrations of both DOM and IHg were spiked with a traceable amount of isotopically enriched IHg and dosed with ferric sulfate after 0, 1, 5, and 30 days. Both ambient and newly added IHg were removed within hours, with 69-79 % removed. To a separate sample set, isotopically enriched IHg was added to solution after floc had formed. Under those conditions, 81-95 % of newly added Hg was removed even at Hg concentrations 1000-fold higher than ambient levels. Results of this study indicate coagulation with ferric sulfate effectively removes both ambient and newly added IHg entering a system and suggests rapid association between IHg and DOM. This work also provides new information regarding the ability of floc to remove additional Hg from solution even after it has formed. C1 [Henneberry, Yumiko; Horwath, William R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kraus, Tamara E. C.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Mercury Res Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Henneberry, Y (reprint author), Delta Stewardship Council, Sci Program, 980 9th St,Suite 1500, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM yumberry@ucdavis.edu; tkraus@usgs.gov; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; wrhorwath@ucdavis.edu OI Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU California Department of Water 475 Resource [v4600003886] FX This work was funded by the California Department of Water 475 Resource (Agreement #v4600003886). We would like to thank John DeWild and Tad Doane for their assistance with laboratory analyses and support. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0601-2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6MC UT WOS:000367917900016 PM 26330169 ER PT J AU Wang, N Dorman, RA Ingersoll, CG Hardesty, DK Brumbaugh, WG Hammer, EJ Bauer, CR Mount, DR AF Wang, Ning Dorman, Rebecca A. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Hardesty, Doug K. Brumbaugh, William G. Hammer, Edward J. Bauer, Candice R. Mount, David R. TI ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF SODIUM SULFATE TO FOUR FRESHWATER ORGANISMS IN WATER-ONLY EXPOSURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Species sensitivity; Acute-to-chronic ratio; Water composition; Major ion toxicity; Environmental guidance values ID CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; HYALELLA-AZTECA; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CHLORIDE; HARDNESS; AMMONIA AB The acute and chronic toxicity of sulfate (tested as sodium sulfate) was determined in diluted well water (hardness of 100 mg/L and pH 8.2) with a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia; 2-d and 7-d exposures), a midge (Chironomus dilutus; 4-d and 41-d exposures), a unionid mussel (pink mucket, Lampsilis abrupta; 4-d and 28-d exposures), and a fish (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; 4-d and 34-d exposures). Among the 4 species, the cladoceran and mussel were acutely more sensitive to sulfate than the midge and fathead minnow, whereas the fathead minnow was chronically more sensitive than the other 3 species. Acute-to-chronic ratios ranged from 2.34 to 5.68 for the 3 invertebrates but were as high as 12.69 for the fish. The fathead minnow was highly sensitive to sulfate during the transitional period from embryo development to hatching in the diluted well water, and thus, additional short-term (7- to 14-d) sulfate toxicity tests were conducted starting with embryonic fathead minnow in test waters with different ionic compositions at a water hardness of 100 mg/L. Increasing chloride in test water from 10 mg Cl/L to 25 mg Cl/L did not influence sulfate toxicity to the fish, whereas increasing potassium in test water from 1mg K/L to 3mg K/L substantially reduced the toxicity of sulfate. The results indicate that both acute and chronic sulfate toxicity data, and the influence of potassium on sulfate toxicity to fish embryos, need to be considered when environmental guidance values for sulfate are developed or refined. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 [Wang, Ning; Dorman, Rebecca A.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Hardesty, Doug K.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Hammer, Edward J.; Bauer, Candice R.] US EPA, Water Qual Branch, Chicago, IL USA. [Mount, David R.] US EPA, Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank the staff in the Toxicology Branch and Environmental Chemistry Branch of the US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, for technical assistance. Funding for the present study was provided in part by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1002/etc.3148 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DA9KI UT WOS:000368127200015 PM 26139383 ER PT J AU Adams, KJ Drenner, RW Chumchal, MM Donato, DI AF Adams, Kimberly J. Drenner, Ray W. Chumchal, Matthew M. Donato, David I. TI DISPARITY BETWEEN STATE FISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORY SYSTEMS FOR METHYLMERCURY AND US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RECOMMENDATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SOUTH CENTRAL UNITED STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fish consumption advisory; Methylmercury; South central United States; Largemouth bass ID FRESH-WATER FISH; MERCURY CONTAMINATION; DEPOSITION; EXPOSURE; TISSUE; TEXAS; LAKE AB Fish consumption advisories are used to inform citizens in the United States about noncommercial game fish with hazardous levels of methylmercury (MeHg). The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) suggests issuing a fish consumption advisory when concentrations of MeHg in fish exceed a human health screening value of 300 ng/g. However, states have authority to develop their own systems for issuing fish consumption advisories for MeHg. Five states in the south central United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas) issue advisories for the general human population when concentrations of MeHg exceed 700 ng/g to 1000 ng/g. The objective of the present study was to estimate the increase in fish consumption advisories that would occur if these states followed USEPA recommendations. The authors used the National Descriptive Model of Mercury in Fish to estimate the mercury concentrations in 5 size categories of largemouth bass-equivalent fish at 766 lentic and lotic sites within the 5 states. The authors found that states in this region have not issued site-specific fish consumption advisories for most of the water bodies that would have such advisories if USEPA recommendations were followed. One outcome of the present study may be to stimulate discussion between scientists and policy makers at the federal and state levels about appropriate screening values to protect the public from the health hazards of consuming MeHg-contaminated game fish. (C) 2015 SETAC C1 [Adams, Kimberly J.; Drenner, Ray W.; Chumchal, Matthew M.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Donato, David I.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Drenner, RW (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM r.drenner@tcu.edu OI Chumchal, Matthew/0000-0001-7160-3157; Donato, David/0000-0002-5412-0249 FU Texas Christian University Research and Creative Activities Fund; Texas Christian University Biology Department Adkin's Fund; NextEra Energy Resources FX We thank T. Morgan for assistance. This research was supported by the Texas Christian University Research and Creative Activities Fund, the Texas Christian University Biology Department Adkin's Fund, and NextEra Energy Resources. M. Risch and S. Cooper provided helpful reviews of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1002/etc.3185 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DA9KI UT WOS:000368127200030 PM 26605989 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Miller, MP Bellinger, R Draheim, HM Mercer, DM Mullins, TD AF Haig, Susan M. Miller, Mark. P. Bellinger, Renee Draheim, Hope M. Mercer, Dacey M. Mullins, Thomas D. TI The conservation genetics juggling act: integrating genetics and ecology, science and policy SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE annual cycle; conservation genetics; cross-seasonal interactions; effective population size; endangered species; inbreeding; migratory connectivity; pedigree analyses ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; PLOVER CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCE; PIPING PLOVERS; UNITED-STATES; SPOTTED OWLS; ANNUAL-CYCLE; POPULATION BOTTLENECK AB The field of conservation genetics, when properly implemented, is a constant juggling act integrating molecular genetics, ecology, and demography with applied aspects concerning managing declining species or implementing conservation laws and policies. This young field has grown substantially since the 1980s following the development of polymerase chain reaction and now into the genomics era. Our laboratory has 'grown up' with the field, having worked on these issues for over three decades. Our multidisciplinary approach entails understanding the behavior and ecology of species as well as the underlying processes that contribute to genetic viability. Taking this holistic approach provides a comprehensive understanding of factors that influence species persistence and evolutionary potential while considering annual challenges that occur throughout their life cycle. As a federal laboratory, we are often addressing the needs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in their efforts to list, de-list, or recover species. Nevertheless, there remains an overall communication gap between research geneticists and biologists who are charged with implementing their results. Therefore, we outline the need for a National Center for Small Population Biology to ameliorate this problem and provide organizations charged with making status decisions firmer ground from which to make their critical decisions. C1 [Haig, Susan M.; Miller, Mark. P.; Mullins, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bellinger, Renee] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol Trop Conservat Biol & Environm Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Draheim, Hope M.] Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Eagle, ID USA. [Mercer, Dacey M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX We are grateful to Louis Bernatchez and Maren Wellenreuther for inviting us to participate in this special issue on women's contribution to basic and applied evolutionary biology. Further, Susan Haig thanks Lewis Oring, Jonathan Ballou, Scott Derrickson, Fred Allendorf, Peter Marra, and her students and postdocs for a lifetime of discussion about ideas related to full life cycle biology, migratory connectivity, and small population conservation genetics. We are most grateful to Eric Forsman for the opportunity to study Spotted Owls Jeff Walters for the opportunity to study Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, Tom Mullins for his 20+ years of service as manager of the Conservation Genetics Laboratory and Mark Miller for his many years as our bioinformaticist. We appreciate the work our laboratory technicians Renee Bellinger, Hope Draheim, and Dacey Mercer have contributed to many projects. We congratulate Dr. Renee Bellinger and Dr. Hope Draheim on the recent completion of their Ph.D. degrees and wish them the best in their new lives. We thank Eliza Shaughnessy Jandrasi and Kelly Huber for assistance in preparing this manuscript; and Sara Oyler-McCance, Carrie Phillips, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments. We are grateful to Sheila Whitmore for use of her Spotted Owl photo. Finally, we thank the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center for support of many of the projects described. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 123 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 16 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 SI SI BP 181 EP 195 DI 10.1111/eva.12337 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA DB1EJ UT WOS:000368250500012 PM 27087847 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Pregler, KC Hitt, NP Letcher, BH Hocking, DJ Wofford, JEB AF Kanno, Yoichiro Pregler, Kasey C. Hitt, Nathaniel P. Letcher, Benjamin H. Hocking, Daniel J. Wofford, John E. B. TI Seasonal temperature and precipitation regulate brook trout young-of-the-year abundance and population dynamics SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical models; climate change; population dynamics; recruitment; salmonids ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; RESIDENT BROWN TROUT; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RECRUITMENT VARIABILITY; STREAM NETWORK; NATIVE RANGE; VITAL-RATES; FISH; GROWTH AB 1. Abundance of the young-of-the-year (YOY) fish can vary greatly among years and it may be driven by several key biological processes (i.e. adult spawning, egg survival and fry survival) that span several months. However, the relative influence of seasonal weather patterns on YOY abundance is poorly understood. 2. We assessed the importance of seasonal air temperature (a surrogate for stream temperature) and precipitation (a surrogate for stream flow) on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) YOY summer abundance using a 29-year data set from 115 sites in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, U.S.A. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model that allowed the effect of seasonal weather covariates to vary among sites and accounted for imperfect detection of individuals. 3. Summer YOY abundance was affected by preceding seasonal air temperature and precipitation, and these regional-scale drivers led to spatial synchrony in YOY abundance dynamics across the 170-km-long study area. Mean winter precipitation had the greatest effect on YOY abundance and the relationship was negative. Mean autumn precipitation, and winter and spring temperature had significantly positive effects on YOY abundance, and mean autumn temperature had a significant negative effect. In addition, the effect of summer precipitation differed along a latitudinal gradient, with YOY abundance at more northern sites being more responsive to inter-annual variation in summer precipitation. 4. Strong YOY years resulted in high abundance of adults (>age 1 + fish) in the subsequent year at more than half of sites. However, higher adult abundance did not result in higher YOY abundance in the subsequent year at any of the study sites (i.e. no positive stock-recruitment relationship). 5. Our results indicate that YOY abundance is a key driver of brook trout population dynamics that is mediated by seasonal weather patterns. A reliable assessment of climate change impacts on brook trout needs to account for how alternations in seasonal weather patterns impact YOY abundance and how such relationships may differ across the range of brook trout distribution. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro; Pregler, Kasey C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Hocking, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Branch, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Wofford, John E. B.] Shenandoah Natl Pk, Luray, VA USA. RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ykanno@clemson.edu OI Hocking, Daniel/0000-0003-1889-9184 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 88 EP 99 DI 10.1111/fwb.12682 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA8DG UT WOS:000368034300008 ER PT J AU Butterfield, BJ Bradford, JB Armas, C Prieto, I Pugnaire, FI AF Butterfield, Bradley J. Bradford, John B. Armas, Cristina Prieto, Ivan Pugnaire, Francisco I. TI Does the stress-gradient hypothesis hold water? Disentangling spatial and temporal variation in plant effects on soil moisture in dryland systems SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid; competition; drought; evapotranspiration; facilitation; hydraulic lift; precipitation pulse; shade ID ARIDITY GRADIENT; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; ABIOTIC STRESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FACILITATION; COMPETITION AB 1. The nature of the relationship between water limitation and facilitation has been one of the most contentious debates surrounding the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH), which states that plant-plant interactions shift from competition to facilitation with increasing environmental stress. 2. We take a closer look at the potential role of soil moisture in mediating plant-plant interaction outcomes by assessing effects of climate and soil texture on plant modulation of soil moisture. 3. Using an empirically-parameterized soil moisture model, we simulated soil moisture dynamics beneath shrubs and in un-vegetated coarse and fine soils for 1000 sites in the Western United States with < 700 mm mean annual precipitation. This threshold reflects the transition from dryland (< 600 mm precipitation) to mesic ecosystems. 4. Positive effects of shrubs on shallow soil moisture (i.e. the difference between shrub and interspace soil moisture) decreased along the aridity gradient when long-term average conditions were considered, contrary to expectations based on the SGH. Negative effects of shrubs on deeper soil moisture also increased with aridity. 5. However, when extreme years were considered, positive effects of shrub on soil moisture were greatest at intermediate points along the spatial aridity gradient, consistent with a humpbacked model of plant-plant interactions. 6. When viewed through time within a site, shrub effects on shallow soil moisture were positively related to precipitation, with more complex relationships exhibited in deeper soils 7. Taken together, the results of this simulation study suggest that plant effects on soil moisture are predictable based on relatively general relationships between precipitation inputs and differential evaporation and transpiration rates between plant and interspace microsites that are largely driven by temperature. In particular, this study highlights the importance of differentiating between temporal and spatial variation in weather and climate, respectively, in determining plant effects on available soil moisture. Rather than focusing on the somewhat coarse-scale predictions of the SGH, it may be more beneficial to explicitly incorporate plant effects on soil moisture into predictive models of plant-plant interaction outcomes in drylands. C1 [Butterfield, Bradley J.; Bradford, John B.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Butterfield, Bradley J.; Bradford, John B.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Armas, Cristina; Pugnaire, Francisco I.] CSIC, Estn Expt Zonas Aridas, Almeria, Spain. [Prieto, Ivan] Ctr Edafol & Biol Segura CEBAS CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain. RP Butterfield, BJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Bradley.Butterfield@nau.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Pugnaire, Francisco/A-7150-2008; Armas, Cristina/A-1128-2012; Prieto, Ivan/S-7822-2016 OI Pugnaire, Francisco/0000-0002-1227-6827; Armas, Cristina/0000-0003-0356-8075; Prieto, Ivan/0000-0001-5549-1132 FU Ramon y Cajal contract from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [RYC-2012-12277]; 'Juan de la Cierva' research contract [FPDI-2013-16221]; MICINN [CGL2014-59010-R]; USGS Ecosystems Mission area FX C.A. was supported by a Ramon y Cajal contract from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (RYC-2012-12277). IP was supported by a 'Juan de la Cierva' research contract (FPDI-2013-16221). F.I.P. was supported by MICINN (grant CGL2014-59010-R). JBB was supported by the USGS Ecosystems Mission area. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12592 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA5PV UT WOS:000367855900002 ER PT J AU Osland, MJ Enwright, NM Day, RH Gabler, CA Stagg, CL Grace, JB AF Osland, Michael J. Enwright, Nicholas M. Day, Richard H. Gabler, Christopher A. Stagg, Camille L. Grace, James B. TI Beyond just sea-level rise: considering macroclimatic drivers within coastal wetland vulnerability assessments to climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate gradient; coastal wetlands; ecological threshold; ecological transition; foundation species; mangrove; salt flat; salt marsh; vulnerability assessment ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES; MANGROVE FORESTS; SALT-MARSH; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; RANGE EXPANSION; GRASSLANDS; IMPACTS; ENCROACHMENT AB Due to their position at the land-sea interface, coastal wetlands are vulnerable to many aspects of climate change. However, climate change vulnerability assessments for coastal wetlands generally focus solely on sea-level rise without considering the effects of other facets of climate change. Across the globe and in all ecosystems, macroclimatic drivers (e.g., temperature and rainfall regimes) greatly influence ecosystem structure and function. Macroclimatic drivers have been the focus of climate change-related threat evaluations for terrestrial ecosystems, but largely ignored for coastal wetlands. In some coastal wetlands, changing macroclimatic conditions are expected to result in foundation plant species replacement, which would affect the supply of certain ecosystem goods and services and could affect ecosystem resilience. As examples, we highlight several ecological transition zones where small changes in macroclimatic conditions would result in comparatively large changes in coastal wetland ecosystem structure and function. Our intent in this communication is not to minimize the importance of sea-level rise. Rather, our overarching aim is to illustrate the need to also consider macroclimatic drivers within vulnerability assessments for coastal wetlands. C1 [Osland, Michael J.; Enwright, Nicholas M.; Day, Richard H.; Stagg, Camille L.; Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Gabler, Christopher A.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Osland, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM mosland@usgs.gov OI Enwright, Nicholas/0000-0002-7887-3261; Osland, Michael/0000-0001-9902-8692 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, U.S. Geological Survey's Climate & Land Use Change RD Program; Department of Interior South Central Climate Science Center; Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center; Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank Chris Swarzenski, the associate editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on a previous version of this manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, U.S. Geological Survey's Climate & Land Use Change R&D Program, the Department of Interior South Central Climate Science Center, the Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center, and the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes. NR 87 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 25 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1111/gcb.13084 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA7KL UT WOS:000367982900001 PM 26342186 ER PT J AU Wu, MZ Post, VEA Salmon, SU Morway, ED Prommer, H AF Wu, Ming Zhi Post, Vincent E. A. Salmon, S. Ursula Morway, Eric D. Prommer, Henning TI PHT3D-UZF: A Reactive Transport Model for Variably-Saturated Porous Media SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; CAPILLARY-FRINGE; PYRITE OXIDATION; FLOW CONDITIONS; GAS-TRANSPORT; WASTE-WATER; MODFLOW-UZF; VADOSE ZONE AB A modified version of the MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based reactive transport model PHT3D was developed to extend current reactive transport capabilities to the variably-saturated component of the subsurface system and incorporate diffusive reactive transport of gaseous species. Referred to as PHT3D-UZF, this code incorporates flux terms calculated by MODFLOW's unsaturated-zone flow (UZF1) package. A volume-averaged approach similar to the method used in UZF-MT3DMS was adopted. The PHREEQC-based computation of chemical processes within PHT3D-UZF in combination with the analytical solution method of UZF1 allows for comprehensive reactive transport investigations (i.e., biogeochemical transformations) that jointly involve saturated and unsaturated zone processes. Intended for regional-scale applications, UZF1 simulates downward-only flux within the unsaturated zone. The model was tested by comparing simulation results with those of existing numerical models. The comparison was performed for several benchmark problems that cover a range of important hydrological and reactive transport processes. A 2D simulation scenario was defined to illustrate the geochemical evolution following dewatering in a sandy acid sulfate soil environment. Other potential applications include the simulation of biogeochemical processes in variably-saturated systems that track the transport and fate of agricultural pollutants, nutrients, natural and xenobiotic organic compounds and micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, as well as the evolution of isotope patterns. C1 [Wu, Ming Zhi; Salmon, S. Ursula; Prommer, Henning] Univ Western Australia Node, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [Wu, Ming Zhi; Salmon, S. Ursula; Prommer, Henning] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Wu, Ming Zhi] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. [Post, Vincent E. A.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Environm, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Post, Vincent E. A.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Morway, Eric D.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Prommer, Henning] CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. RP Wu, MZ (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. EM mingzwu@graduate.uwa.edu.au RI Prommer, Henning/A-4555-2008; Wu, Ming/I-4245-2012; Post, Vincent/E-6054-2011 OI Prommer, Henning/0000-0002-8669-8184; Post, Vincent/0000-0002-9463-3081 FU National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training; Australian Research Council; National Water Commission FX M.Z.W., V.E.A.P., S.U.S., and H.P. acknowledge the financial support of the National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, a collaborative initiative of the Australian Research Council and the National Water Commission. The support of Ryan Bailey, Janek Greskowiak, and Jungho Park in the development and verification of the code is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank Diederik Jacques, Danyang Su, and Uli Mayer for their help with the HP1 and MIN3P codes. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1111/gwat.12318 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DA7FF UT WOS:000367969300005 PM 25628017 ER PT J AU Cozzarelli, IM Schreiber, ME Erickson, ML Ziegler, BA AF Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Schreiber, Madeline E. Erickson, Melinda L. Ziegler, Brady A. TI Arsenic Cycling in Hydrocarbon Plumes: Secondary Effects of Natural Attenuation SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID OIL SPILL SITE; IN-GROUND WATER; CRUDE-OIL; DRINKING-WATER; GEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS; IRON REDUCTION; GRAVEL AQUIFER; PUBLIC-HEALTH; LANDFILL; PROGRESSION AB Monitored natural attenuation is widely applied as a remediation strategy at hydrocarbon spill sites. Natural attenuation relies on biodegradation of hydrocarbons coupled with reduction of electron acceptors, including solid phase ferric iron (Fe(III)). Because arsenic (As) adsorbs to Fe-hydroxides, a potential secondary effect of natural attenuation of hydrocarbons coupled with Fe(III) reduction is a release of naturally occurring As to groundwater. At a crude-oil-contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota, anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons coupled to Fe(III) reduction has been well documented. We collected groundwater samples at the site annually from 2009 to 2013 to examine if As is released to groundwater and, if so, to document relationships between As and Fe inside and outside of the dissolved hydrocarbon plume. Arsenic concentrations in groundwater in the plume reached 230 mu g/L, whereas groundwater outside the plume contained less than 5 mu g/L As. Combined with previous data from the Bemidji site, our results suggest that (1) naturally occurring As is associated with Fe-hydroxides present in the glacially derived aquifer sediments; (2) introduction of hydrocarbons results in reduction of Fe-hydroxides, releasing As and Fe to groundwater; (3) at the leading edge of the plume, As and Fe are removed from groundwater and retained on sediments; and (4) downgradient from the plume, patterns of As and Fe in groundwater are similar to background. We develop a conceptual model of secondary As release due to natural attenuation of hydrocarbons that can be applied to other sites where an influx of biodegradable organic carbon promotes Fe(III) reduction. C1 [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Schreiber, Madeline E.; Ziegler, Brady A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Erickson, Melinda L.] USGS, Mounds View, MN USA. RP Cozzarelli, IM (reprint author), USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM icozzare@usgs.gov; mschreib@vt.edu; merickso@usgs.gov; bziegler@vt.edu RI Schreiber, Madeline/A-5356-2009; OI Schreiber, Madeline/0000-0002-1858-7730; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007; Erickson, Melinda/0000-0002-1117-2866 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program; National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the USGS, Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; Beltrami County, MN FX We thank Jeanne Jaeschke, Mary Jo Badecker, Andrew Berg, Brent Mason, John Greene, Laurel Ackison, and Nicole Fahrenfeld for sample collection and analytical support. We thank Barbara Bekins for helpful discussions and Mary Ann Thomas for helpful review comments. This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the National Research Program. Partial funding for this project was provided by the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the USGS, Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and Beltrami County, MN. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1111/gwat.12316 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DA7FF UT WOS:000367969300006 PM 25612004 ER PT J AU Abrams, DB Haitjema, HM Feinstein, DT Hunt, RJ AF Abrams, D. B. Haitjema, H. M. Feinstein, D. T. Hunt, R. J. TI Field Test of a Hybrid Finite-Difference and Analytic Element Regional Model SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; GROUNDWATER; MODFLOW AB Regional finite-difference models often have cell sizes that are too large to sufficiently model well-stream interactions. Here, a steady-state hybrid model is applied whereby the upper layer or layers of a coarse MODFLOW model are replaced by the analytic element model GFLOW, which represents surface waters and wells as line and point sinks. The two models are coupled by transferring cell-by-cell leakage obtained from the original MODFLOW model to the bottom of the GFLOW model. A real-world test of the hybrid model approach is applied on a subdomain of an existing model of the Lake Michigan Basin. The original (coarse) MODFLOW model consists of six layers, the top four of which are aggregated into GFLOW as a single layer, while the bottom two layers remain part of MODFLOW in the hybrid model. The hybrid model and a refined "benchmark" MODFLOW model simulate similar baseflows. The hybrid and benchmark models also simulate similar baseflow reductions due to nearby pumping when the well is located within the layers represented by GFLOW. However, the benchmark model requires refinement of the model grid in the local area of interest, while the hybrid approach uses a gridless top layer and is thus unaffected by grid discretization errors. The hybrid approach is well suited to facilitate cost-effective retrofitting of existing coarse grid MODFLOW models commonly used for regional studies because it leverages the strengths of both finite-difference and analytic element methods for predictions in mildly heterogeneous systems that can be simulated with steady-state conditions. C1 [Abrams, D. B.] Illinois State Water Survey, Groundwater Sci Sect, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Haitjema, H. M.] Haitjema Consulting Inc, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Feinstein, D. T.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Hunt, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Abrams, DB (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, Groundwater Sci Sect, 2204 Griffith Dr,Bldg 4,Room 414, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM dbabrams@illinois.edu; henk@haitjema.com; dtfeinstein@usgs.gov; rjhunt@usgs.com FU USGS Groundwater Resources Program through the Water Availability and Use-Great Lakes Basin Pilot Study FX We are grateful for the comments from three anonymous reviewers, as well as Andy Leaf, Paul Juckem, and Howard Reeves; these comments helped to greatly improve the manuscript. This project was supported in part by the USGS Groundwater Resources Program through the Water Availability and Use-Great Lakes Basin Pilot Study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1111/gwat.12319 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DA7FF UT WOS:000367969300009 PM 25628100 ER PT J AU Pollock, DW AF Pollock, David W. TI Extending the MODPATH Algorithm to Rectangular Unstructured Grids SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article AB The recent release of MODFLOW-USG, which allows model grids to have irregular, unstructured connections, requires a modification of the particle-tracking algorithm used by MODPATH. This paper describes a modification of the semi-analytical particle-tracking algorithm used by MODPATH that allows it to be extended to rectangular-based unstructured grids by dividing grid cells with multi-cell face connections into sub-cells. The new method will be incorporated in the next version of MODPATH which is currently under development. C1 [Pollock, David W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pollock, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 411 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dwpolloc@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1111/gwat.12328 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DA7FF UT WOS:000367969300015 PM 25754305 ER PT J AU van den Brink, NW Arblaster, JA Bowman, SR Conder, JM Elliott, JE Johnson, MS Muir, DCG Natal-da-Luz, T Rattner, BA Sample, BE Shore, RF AF van den Brink, Nico W. Arblaster, Jennifer A. Bowman, Sarah R. Conder, Jason M. Elliott, John E. Johnson, Mark S. Muir, Derek C. G. Natal-da-Luz, Tiago Rattner, Barnett A. Sample, Bradley E. Shore, Richard F. TI Use of Terrestrial Field Studies In the Derivation of Bioaccumulation Potential of Chemicals SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomagnification factors; Biota-to-soil-accumulation factors; BMF; BSAF; Chemical bioaccumulation; Terrestrial food web; TMF; Trophic magnification factors ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; TROPHIC MAGNIFICATION FACTORS; POLLUTION EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; HEDGEHOG ERINACEUS-EUROPAEUS; LICHEN-CARIBOU-WOLF; MARINE FOOD-WEB; BIOMONITORING TOOL; STABLE-ISOTOPES; TEMPORAL TRENDS AB Field-based studies are an essential component of research addressing the behavior of organic chemicals, and a unique line of evidence that can be used to assess bioaccumulation potential in chemical registration programs and aid in development of associated laboratory and modeling efforts. To aid scientific and regulatory discourse on the application of terrestrial field data in this manner, this article provides practical recommendations regarding the generation and interpretation of terrestrial field data. Currently, biota-to-soil-accumulation factors (BSAFs), biomagnification factors (BMFs), and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) are the most suitable bioaccumulation metrics that are applicable to bioaccumulation assessment evaluations and able to be generated from terrestrial field studies with relatively low uncertainty. Biomagnification factors calculated from field-collected samples of terrestrial carnivores and their prey appear to be particularly robust indicators of bioaccumulation potential. The use of stable isotope ratios for quantification of trophic relationships in terrestrial ecosystems needs to be further developed to resolve uncertainties associated with the calculation of terrestrial trophic magnification factors (TMFs). Sampling efforts for terrestrial field studies should strive for efficiency, and advice on optimization of study sample sizes, practical considerations for obtaining samples, selection of tissues for analysis, and data interpretation is provided. Although there is still much to be learned regarding terrestrial bioaccumulation, these recommendations provide some initial guidance to the present application of terrestrial field data as a line of evidence in the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation potential and a resource to inform laboratory and modeling efforts. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016; 12: 135-145. (C) 2015 SETAC C1 [van den Brink, Nico W.] Wageningen Univ, Subdept Toxicol, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Arblaster, Jennifer A.] Ramba Environ Corp, Irvine, CA USA. [Bowman, Sarah R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Conder, Jason M.] Geosyntec Consultants, Huntington Beach, CA USA. [Elliott, John E.] Environm Canada, Delta, BC, Canada. [Johnson, Mark S.] US Army, Publ Hlth Ctr, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Natal-da-Luz, Tiago] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Funct Ecol, Dept Life Sci, Coimbra, Portugal. [Rattner, Barnett A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Sample, Bradley E.] Ecol Risk, Rancho Murieta, CA USA. [Shore, Richard F.] NERC, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster, England. RP van den Brink, NW (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Subdept Toxicol, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. EM nico.vandenbrink@wur.nl RI Shore, Richard/A-2638-2012 OI Shore, Richard/0000-0002-9337-8883 NR 107 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1002/ieam.1717 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DA6KV UT WOS:000367914100012 PM 26436822 ER PT J AU Newton, J Sepulveda, A Sylvester, K Thum, RA AF Newton, Jeremy Sepulveda, Adam Sylvester, Kevin Thum, Ryan A. TI Potential utility of environmental DNA for early detection of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HYBRID WATERMILFOIL; IMPACTS C1 [Newton, Jeremy] Grand Valley State Univ, Robert B Annis Water Resources Inst, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Sepulveda, Adam] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Sylvester, Kevin] Grand Valley State Univ, Target Inquiry, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Thum, Ryan A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Sepulveda, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU Missoula County (Montana) Weed district; Teton County (Wyoming) Weed district; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation FX We thank Missoula County (Montana) and Teton County (Wyoming) Weed districts and Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation for funding assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 54 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA7DP UT WOS:000367965100007 ER PT J AU Kurath, G Winton, JR Dale, OB Purcell, MK Falk, K Busch, RA AF Kurath, G. Winton, J. R. Dale, O. B. Purcell, M. K. Falk, K. Busch, R. A. TI Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. are broadly susceptible to isolates representing the North American genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; fish virus; host specificity; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; VIRULENCE MECHANISMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WALBAUM; NERKA; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS AB Beginning in 1992, three epidemic waves of infectious hematopoietic necrosis, often with high mortality, occurred in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. on the west coast of North America. We compared the virulence of eleven strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), representing the U, M and L genogroups, in experimental challenges of juvenile Atlantic salmon in freshwater. All strains caused mortality and there was wide variation within genogroups: cumulative mortality for five U-group strains ranged from 20 to 100%, four M-group strains ranged 30-63% and two L-group strains varied from 41 to 81%. Thus, unlike Pacific salmonids, there was no apparent correlation of virulence in a particular host species with virus genogroup. The mortality patterns indicated two different phenotypes in terms of kinetics of disease progression and final per cent mortality, with nine strains having moderate virulence and two strains (from the U and L genogroups) having high virulence. These phenotypes were investigated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to describe the variation in the course of IHNV disease in Atlantic salmon. The results from this study demonstrate that IHNV may become a major threat to farmed Atlantic salmon in other regions of the world where the virus has been, or may be, introduced. C1 [Kurath, G.; Winton, J. R.; Purcell, M. K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dale, O. B.; Falk, K.] Norwegian Vet Inst, Oslo, Norway. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gkurath@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1111/jfd.12323 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DA9JU UT WOS:000368125700005 PM 25381936 ER PT J AU Guthrie, AL Knowles, S Ballmann, AE Lorch, JM AF Guthrie, Amanda L. Knowles, Susan Ballmann, Anne E. Lorch, Jeffrey M. TI Detection of Snake Fungal Disease Due to Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in Virginia, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Dermatitis; emerging disease; Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola; PCR; snake fungal disease ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RATTLESNAKES; INFECTION AB Snake fungal disease (SFD) is an emerging disease of wildlife believed to be caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola. Although geographic and host ranges have yet to be determined, this disease is characterized by crusty scales, superficial pustules, and subcutaneous nodules, with subsequent morbidity and mortality in some snake species. To confirm the presence of SFD and O. ophiodiicola in snakes of eastern Virginia, US, we clinically examined 30 free-ranging snakes on public lands from April to October 2014. Skin biopsy samples were collected from nine snakes that had gross lesions suggestive of SFD; seven of these biopsies were suitable for histologic interpretation, and eight were suitable for culture and PCR detection of O. ophiodiicola. Seven snakes had histologic features consistent with SFD and eight were positive for O. ophiodiicola by PCR or fungal culture. C1 [Guthrie, Amanda L.] Virginia Zoo, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Knowles, Susan; Ballmann, Anne E.; Lorch, Jeffrey M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Guthrie, AL (reprint author), Virginia Zoo, 3500 Granby St, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. EM aguthrie0665@gmail.com OI Knowles, Susan/0000-0002-0254-6491; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU Virginia Herpetological Society FX This project was made possible through the research grant awarded generously by the Virginia Herpetological Society. Special thanks to Kory Steele for GIS mapping work and to Yohn Sutton for enthusiasm and dedication to helping capture snakes in the field. Thanks to the Virginia Zoo for tremendous support throughout this project. We thank Elizabeth Bohuski, Kathryn Griffin, Katie Schmidt, and Stephanie Steinfeldt at the US Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center for assistance with laboratory testing. Special thanks to local field biologists for observational information and recommended locations for finding snakes. Thanks to all the volunteers who helped capture snakes. The use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DA6GX UT WOS:000367901800019 PM 26745835 ER PT J AU Godwin, SC Jones, SE Weidel, BC Solomon, CT AF Godwin, Sean C. Jones, Stuart E. Weidel, Brian C. Solomon, Christopher T. TI Dissolved organic carbon concentration controls benthic primary production: Results from in situ chambers in north-temperate lakes (vol 59, pg 2112, 2014) SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Correction C1 [Godwin, Sean C.; Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Godwin, Sean C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Jones, Stuart E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. RP Godwin, SC (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. RI Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014 OI Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 407 EP 407 DI 10.1002/lno.10238 PG 1 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA7KU UT WOS:000367983800027 ER PT J AU Barnes, SJ Page, P Prichard, HM Zientek, ML Fisher, PC AF Barnes, Sarah-Jane Page, P. Prichard, H. M. Zientek, M. L. Fisher, P. C. TI Chalcophile and platinum-group element distribution in the Ultramafic series of the Stillwater Complex, MT, USA-implications for processes enriching chromite layers in Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Platinum-group elements; Selenium; Chromite; Laurite; Ultramafic series; Stillwater Complex ID WESTERN BUSHVELD COMPLEX; SOUTH-AFRICA IMPLICATIONS; MORB SULFIDE DROPLETS; GROUP MINERALS; SILICATE MELT; CRYSTALLIZATION HISTORY; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; HAPLOBASALTIC MELT; CRITICAL ZONE AB All of the rocks from the Ultramafic series of the Stillwater Complex are enriched in PGE relative to most mafic magmas. Furthermore, the chromite layers are particularly enriched in IPGE (Os, Ir, and Ru) and Rh. This enrichment appears to be a common characteristic of ultramafic rocks from many types of settings, layered intrusions, ophiolites, and zoned complexes. We have carried out a petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical study to assess how the enrichment occurred in the case of the Stillwater Complex and applied our results to the chromite layers of the Bushveld and Great Dyke complexes. The minerals that now host the PGE are laurite and fine-grained intergrowths of pentlandite, millerite, and chalcopyrite. The laurite occurs as inclusions in chromite, and mass balance calculations indicate that it hosts most of the Os, Ir, and Ru. The sulfide minerals occur both as inclusions in chromite and as interstitial grains. The sulfides host much of the Pd and Rh. The IPGE and Rh correlate with Cr but not with S or Se, indicating that these elements were not collected by a sulfide liquid. Palladium, Cu, and Se correlate with each other, but not with S. The low S/Se (< 1500) of the whole rock and magnetite rims around the sulfides indicate some S has been lost from the rocks. We conclude that to account for all observations, the IPGE and Rh were originally collected by chromite, and subsequently, small quantities of base metal sulfide liquid was added to the chromite layers from the overlying magma. The IPGE and Rh in the chromite diffused from the chromite into the base metal sulfides and converted some of the sulfides to laurite. C1 [Barnes, Sarah-Jane; Page, P.] Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Sci Terre, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. [Prichard, H. M.; Fisher, P. C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. [Zientek, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Spokane Off, Spokane, WA USA. RP Barnes, SJ (reprint author), Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Sci Terre, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. EM sjbarnes@uqac.ca RI Barnes, S-J/I-5579-2012 FU Canadian Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant [17313]; Canada Research Chair program grant [215503] FX We would like to thank Mr. Dany Savard and Ms. Sahdi Mehdi for their careful analytical work. The reviewers, Prof. Alan Boudreau Dr. Steve Barnes and Dr. M. Fiorentini are thanked for their detailed reviews. This work was funded by a Canadian Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant to SJB (17313) and a Canada Research Chair program grant to SJB (215503). NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 EI 1432-1866 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 25 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s00126-015-0587-y PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DA8TG UT WOS:000368078500003 ER PT J AU Leasure, DR Magoulick, DD Longing, SD AF Leasure, D. R. Magoulick, D. D. Longing, S. D. TI Natural Flow Regimes of the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands Region SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hydrologic classification; hydrologic alteration; ecohydrology; flow ecology; ELOHA; measurement uncertainty; Hydrologic Index Tool ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; STREAM; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; AUSTRALIA AB Natural flow regimes represent the hydrologic conditions to which native aquatic organisms are best adapted. We completed a regional river classification and quantitative descriptions of each natural flow regime for the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands region of Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. On the basis of daily flow records from 64 reference streams, seven natural flow regimes were identified with mixture model cluster analysis: Groundwater Stable, Groundwater, Groundwater Flashy, Perennial Runoff, Runoff Flashy, Intermittent Runoff and Intermittent Flashy. Sets of flow metrics were selected that best quantified nine ecologically important components of these natural flow regimes. An uncertainty analysis was performed to avoid selecting metrics strongly affected by measurement uncertainty that can result from short periods of record. Measurement uncertainties (bias, precision and accuracy) were assessed for 170 commonly used flow metrics. The ranges of variability expected for select flow metrics under natural conditions were quantified for each flow regime to provide a reference for future assessments of hydrologic alteration. A random forest model was used to predict the natural flow regimes of all stream segments in the study area based on climate and catchment characteristics, and a map was produced. The geographic distribution of flow regimes suggested distinct ecohydrological regions that may be useful for conservation planning. This project provides a hydrologic foundation for future examination of flow-ecology relationships in the region. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Leasure, D. R.; Longing, S. D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Magoulick, D. D.] Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Longing, S. D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu FU State Wildlife Grant from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission [T-30-12] FX This project was funded by a State Wildlife Grant from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (grant no. T-30-12). Facilities were provided by the Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the University of Arkansas. Dr. James Falcone provided his database of Hydrologic Disturbance Index values for USGS stream gauges, which helped with reference site selection, and he also provided several important GIS data sets that were used to predict the natural flow regimes of ungauged streams. Melissa Riskin from the New Jersey Water Science Center generously helped troubleshoot issues with the Hydrologic Index Tool even in the aftermath of hurricane Sandy. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 18 EP 35 DI 10.1002/rra.2838 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UZ UT WOS:000368011400002 ER PT J AU Wildhaber, ML Yang, WH Arab, A AF Wildhaber, M. L. Yang, W-H. Arab, A. TI Population Trends, Bend Use Relative to Available Habitat and Within-River-Bend Habitat Use of Eight Indicator Species of Missouri and Lower Kansas River Benthic Fishes: 15 Years After Baseline Assessment SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Missouri River; Kansas River; benthic fishes; population trends; bend makeup; bend habitat; zero-inflated Poisson; Bayesian inference ID ZERO-INFLATED POISSON; YELLOWSTONE RIVERS; NORTH-DAKOTA; MODEL; CYPRINIDAE; REGRESSION; STURGEON AB A baseline assessment of the Missouri River fish community and species-specific habitat use patterns conducted from 1996 to 1998 provided the first comprehensive analysis of Missouri River benthic fish population trends and habitat use in the Missouri and Lower Yellowstone rivers, exclusive of reservoirs, and provided the foundation for the present Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program (PSPAP). Data used in such studies are frequently zero inflated. To address this issue, the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model was applied. This follow-up study is based on PSPAP data collected up to 15years later along with new understanding of how habitat characteristics among and within bends affect habitat use of fish species targeted by PSPAP, including pallid sturgeon. This work demonstrated that a large-scale, large-river, PSPAP-type monitoring program can be an effective tool for assessing population trends and habitat usage of large-river fish species. Using multiple gears, PSPAP was effective in monitoring shovelnose and pallid sturgeons, sicklefin, shoal and sturgeon chubs, sand shiner, blue sucker and sauger. For all species, the relationship between environmental variables and relative abundance differed, somewhat, among river segments suggesting the importance of the overall conditions of Upper and Middle Missouri River and Lower Missouri and Kansas rivers on the habitat usage patterns exhibited. Shoal and sicklefin chubs exhibited many similar habitat usage patterns; blue sucker and shovelnose sturgeon also shared similar responses. For pallid sturgeon, the primary focus of PSPAP, relative abundance tended to increase in Upper and Middle Missouri River paralleling stocking efforts, whereas no evidence of an increasing relative abundance was found in the Lower Missouri River despite stocking. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wildhaber, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Yang, W-H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Arab, A.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mark_wildhaber@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors thank all the people that have been involved in the PSPAP from which the data came and all the coordinators and data managers. We also acknowledge the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as the funding agency. Thanks to all who helped from the U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, specifically J. Albers and N. Green for their assistance in compiling data and J. Albers, N. Green, E. Little, R. Jacobson, and R. Shively for review of earlier versions of this manuscript. Also, thanks T. Welker, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and W. Doyle, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for also reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 36 EP 65 DI 10.1002/rra.2846 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UZ UT WOS:000368011400003 ER PT J AU Parks, TP Quist, MC Pierce, CL AF Parks, T. P. Quist, M. C. Pierce, C. L. TI Anthropogenic Disturbance and Environmental Associations with Fish Assemblage Structure in Two Nonwadeable Rivers SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fish assemblage structure; longitudinal patterns; discharge; dams ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WADEABLE IOWA STREAMS; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; LOW-HEAD DAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; HISTORICAL CHANGES AB Nonwadeable rivers are unique ecosystems that support high levels of aquatic biodiversity, yet they have been greatly altered by human activities. Although riverine fish assemblages have been studied in the past, we still have an incomplete understanding of how fish assemblages respond to both natural and anthropogenic influences in large rivers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between fish assemblage structure and reach-scale habitat, dam, and watershed land use characteristics. In the summers of 2011 and 2012, comprehensive fish and environmental data were collected from 33 reaches in the Iowa and Cedar rivers of eastern-central Iowa. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate environmental relationships with species relative abundance, functional trait abundance (e.g. catch rate of tolerant species), and functional trait composition (e.g. percentage of tolerant species). On the basis of partial CCAs, reach-scale habitat, dam characteristics, and watershed land use features explained 25.0-81.1%, 6.2-25.1%, and 5.8-47.2% of fish assemblage variation, respectively. Although reach-scale, dam, and land use factors contributed to overall assemblage structure, the majority of fish assemblage variation was constrained by reach-scale habitat factors. Specifically, mean annual discharge was consistently selected in nine of the 11 CCA models and accounted for the majority of explained fish assemblage variance by reach-scale habitat. This study provides important insight on the influence of anthropogenic disturbances across multiple spatial scales on fish assemblages in large river systems. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Parks, T. P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. [Quist, M. C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Pierce, C. L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. RP Parks, TP (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 810 W Maple St, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. EM Timothy.Parks@wisconsin.gov FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Iowa State University [1-10-6850-I] FX We thank Christopher Smith, Nick Johnson, Joshua Bruegge, and David Frazier for field assistance. We also appreciate the advice and input from Jesse Fischer, Michael Colvin, Maria Dzul, Anthony Sindt, Bryan Bakevich, and Joshua McCormick on various aspects of the study. We thank Gregory Gelwicks, Greg Simmons, John Olson, Thomas Wilton, Karen Kinkead, and others at Iowa Department of Natural Resources for their guidance and support. Sarah Nusser, Tom Wilton, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This study was performed under the auspices of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Iowa State University (protocol #1-10-6850-I). NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 66 EP 84 DI 10.1002/rra.2844 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DA7UZ UT WOS:000368011400004 ER PT J AU Cupp, AR Hartleb, CF Fredricks, KT Gaikowski, MP AF Cupp, Aaron R. Hartleb, Christopher F. Fredricks, Kim T. Gaikowski, Mark P. TI Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sedatives; eugenol; respirometry; metabolic rate; fish transport; loading density ID CLOVE OIL SEDATION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; STRESS RESPONSES; NILE TILAPIA; TRANSPORT; EFFICACY; ANESTHETICS; METOMIDATE AB Effects of eugenol (AQUI-S (R) 20E, 10% active eugenol) sedation on cool water, yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill), and warm water, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fish metabolic rates were assessed. Both species were exposed to 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L-1 eugenol using static respirometry. In 17 degrees C water and loading densities of 60, 120 and 240 g L-1, yellow perch controls (0 mg L-1 eugenol) had metabolic rates of 329.6-400.0 mg O-2 kg(-1) h(-1), while yellow perch exposed to 20 and 30 mg L-1 eugenol had significantly reduced metabolic rates of 258.4-325.6 and 189.1-271.0 mg O-2 kg(-1) h(-1) respectively. Nile tilapia exposed to 30 mg L-1 eugenol had a significantly reduced metabolic rate (424.5 +/- 42.3 mg O-2 kg(-1) h(-1)) relative to the 0 mg L-1 eugenol control (546.6 +/- 53.5 mg O-2 kg(-1) h(-1)) at a loading density of 120 g L-1 in 22 degrees C water. No significant differences in metabolic rates for Nile tilapia were found at 240 or 360 g L-1 loading densities when exposed to eugenol. Results suggest that eugenol sedation may benefit yellow perch welfare at high densities (e.g. live transport) due to a reduction in metabolic rates, while further research is needed to assess the benefits of eugenol sedation on Nile tilapia at high loading densities. C1 [Cupp, Aaron R.; Fredricks, Kim T.; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Cupp, Aaron R.; Hartleb, Christopher F.] Univ Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Fredricks, Kim T.] Viterbo Univ, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Cupp, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM acupp@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341; Cupp, Aaron/0000-0001-5995-2100 FU United States Department of Agriculture - North Central Regional Aquaculture Center FX We thank United States Department of Agriculture - North Central Regional Aquaculture Center for providing project funding and AQUI-S New Zealand, Ltd. for supplying test chemical. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 47 IS 1 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1111/are.12485 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DA3UO UT WOS:000367724800020 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Kolpin, DW AF Hladik, Michelle L. Kolpin, Dana W. TI First national-scale reconnaissance of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams across the USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; FIPRONIL; INVERTEBRATES; WATERS AB Environmental context Neonicotinoids are under increased scrutiny because they have been implicated in pollinator declines and, more recently, as potential aquatic toxicants. Nevertheless, there is currently little information on concentrations of multiple neonicotinoids in surface water. This paper presents a summary of concentrations of six neonicotinoids in streams from across the United States in both urban and agricultural areas. These environmental data are important in determining the potential risk of neonicotinoids to non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Abstract To better understand the fate and transport of neonicotinoid insecticides, water samples were collected from streams across the United States. In a nationwide study, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 53% of the samples collected, with imidacloprid detected most frequently (37%), followed by clothianidin (24%), thiamethoxam (21%), dinotefuran (13%), acetamiprid (3%) and thiacloprid (0%). Clothianidin and thiamethoxam concentrations were positively related to the percentage of the land use in cultivated crop production and imidacloprid concentrations were positively related to the percentage of urban area within the basin. Additional sampling was also conducted in targeted research areas to complement these national-scale results, including determining: (1) neonicotinoid concentrations during elevated flow conditions in an intensely agricultural region; (2) temporal patterns of neonicotinoids in heavily urbanised basins; (3) neonicotinoid concentrations in agricultural basins in a nationally important ecosystem; and (4) in-stream transport of neonicotinoids near a wastewater treatment plant. Across all study areas, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 63% of the 48 streams sampled. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Priority Ecosystems Science; USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program; Georgia Department of Agriculture FX We thank Dan Calhoun and Pat Phillips for providing samples and site information for Georgia and Chesapeake Bay respectively; Jim Orlando for generating maps and the land-use data; Megan McWayne and Corey Sanders for sample processing; and all of the field crews from across the United States who collected the various stream samples. Funding or support was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, USGS Priority Ecosystems Science, USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program and the Georgia Department of Agriculture. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 50 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1071/EN15061 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA1ZV UT WOS:000367596000003 ER PT J AU Dovick, MA Kulp, TR Arkle, RS Pilliod, DS AF Dovick, Meghan A. Kulp, Thomas R. Arkle, Robert S. Pilliod, David S. TI Bioaccumulation trends of arsenic and antimony in a freshwater ecosystem affected by mine drainage SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tadpoles ID HEAVY-METALS; TADPOLES; FISH; MACROINVERTEBRATES; CONTAMINATION; ACCUMULATION; AMPHIBIANS; TAILINGS; MERCURY; BASIN AB Environmental context The food web behaviours of As and Sb are poorly understood. We compare As and Sb bioaccumulation in a contaminated freshwater ecosystem. Metalloid accumulation decreased with increasing trophic level. Bioprecipitated minerals in microbial mats represent a direct route of uptake (by ingestion) of metalloids to tadpoles, which contained the highest concentrations ever reported. We demonstrate food web bioaccumulation, but not biomagification, of As and Sb. We also report an unexpectedly high tolerance of tadpoles to metalloid toxicity. Abstract We compared As and Sb bioaccumulation and biomagnification when these metalloids co-occurred at varying environmental concentrations in a stream and wetlands near a contaminated mine site in Idaho (USA). We measured As and Sb concentrations in water and substrate samples, and in tissues of organisms representing several trophic levels. Bioaccumulation of both As and Sb was observed in stream organisms with the following trend of bio-diminution with increasing trophic level: primary producers>tadpoles>macroinvertebrates>trout. We also note reductions in metalloid concentrations in one of two stream remediation reaches engineered within the past 17 years to ameliorate metalloid contamination in the stream. Several wetlands contained thick microbial mats and were highly populated with boreal toad tadpoles that fed on them. The mats were extremely contaminated (up to 76564mgkg(-1) As and 675mgkg(-1) Sb) with amorphous As- and Sb-bearing minerals that we interpret as biogenic precipitates from geomicrobiological As- and Sb-cycling. Ingested mat material provided a direct source of metalloids to tadpoles, and concentrations of 3867mgkg(-1) (As) and 375mgkg(-1) (Sb) reported here represent the highest whole body As and Sb levels ever reported in living tadpoles. The bulk of tadpole metalloid burden remained in the gut despite attempts to purge the tadpoles prior to analysis. This study adds to a number of recent investigations reporting bioaccumulation, but not biomagnification, of As and Sb in food webs. Moreover, our results suggest that tadpoles, in particular, may be more resistant to metalloid contamination than previously assumed. C1 [Dovick, Meghan A.; Kulp, Thomas R.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Kulp, TR (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM tkulp@binghamton.edu FU Payette National Forest; US Forest Service; US Geological Survey; Geological Society of America FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Payette National Forest, US Forest Service, US Geological Survey and a student research grant from the Geological Society of America. The authors thank Hannah Blatchford, Elliot Jagniecki, Joseph Graney, David Collins and David Jenkins for field or analytical assistance. They also thank Jim Egnew, Mary Faurot, Gina Bonaminio and Kim Apperson for assistance with project funding, fieldwork coordination, and ancillary data. Handling and collection of amphibians and fish were permitted by Boise State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Number 692-AC11-013) and the State of Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 35 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1071/EN15046 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA1ZV UT WOS:000367596000018 ER PT J AU Raabe, EA Stumpf, RP AF Raabe, Ellen A. Stumpf, Richard P. TI Expansion of Tidal Marsh in Response to Sea-Level Rise: Gulf Coast of Florida, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Tidalmarsh; Migration; Marine transgression; Forest retreat; Florida ID WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; SALT-MARSH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL STORMS; SHORELINE; FOREST; DEPOSITION; ACCRETION; WETLANDS AB Understanding the influence of future sea-level rise (SLR) on coastal ecosystems is improved by examining response of coastlines during historic periods of SLR. We evaluated stability and movement of the estuarine intertidal zone along eastern Gulf of Mexico, known as the "Big Bend" of Florida. This relatively undeveloped, low-energy coast is dominated by broad expanses of tidal marsh, providing an opportunity to observe unobstructed response of a coastal ecosystem to SLR. Features from nineteenth century topographic surveys and late twentieth century satellite imagery were compared. Relative change was calculated for intertidal area and lateral migration over 120 years, a period when tidal amplitude increased in addition to SLR. Loss of tidal marsh at the shoreline was -43 km(2), representing a 9 % loss to open water. At the same time, 82 km(2) of forest converted to marsh and 66 km(2) of forest converted to forest-to-marsh transitional habitat. The result was a net regional gain of 105 km(2) of intertidal area, an increase of 23 %, constituting a marine transgression of coastal lowlands. Forest retreat was lower at zones of high freshwater input, attributable to salinity moderation and was further complicated by coastal morphology and land-use practices. Shoreline migration may not represent full extent of habitat change resulting from SLR in regions with low coastal gradients. Forest retreat was consistent with what would be predicted by an inundation model; however, shoreline loss was considerably less, resulting in a net increase in intertidal area in this sediment-limited coast. C1 [Raabe, Ellen A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Raabe, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM eraabe@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We would like to thank Amy Hapeman (Streck) for her dedication to developing and managing the historic database. Thanks to Mark Billus, Brian Penney, and Gitfah Niles for assistance in digitizing. The US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program supported this project. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-9974-y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA0ZK UT WOS:000367525900012 ER PT J AU Feyrer, F Newman, K Nobriga, M Sommer, T AF Feyrer, Frederick Newman, Ken Nobriga, Matthew Sommer, Ted TI Delta Smelt Habitat in the San Francisco Estuary: A Reply to Manly, Fullerton, Hendrix, and Burnham's "Comments on Feyrer et al. Modeling the Effects of Future Outflow on the Abiotic Habitat of an Imperiled Estuarine Fish" SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus; San Francisco Estuary; Abiotic habitat; Habitat index; Generalized additive model ID CALIFORNIA C1 [Feyrer, Frederick] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Newman, Ken] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi Fish & Wildlife Off, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Nobriga, Matthew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bay Delta Fish & Wildlife Off, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Sommer, Ted] Calif Dept Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. RP Feyrer, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM ffeyrer@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 287 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-9987-6 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA0ZK UT WOS:000367525900022 ER PT J AU Tsehaye, I Brenden, TO Bence, JR Liu, WH Scribner, KT Kanefsky, J Bott, K Elliott, RF AF Tsehaye, Iyob Brenden, Travis O. Bence, James R. Liu, Weihai Scribner, Kim T. Kanefsky, Jeannette Bott, Kristin Elliott, Robert F. TI Combining genetics with age/length data to estimate temporal changes in year-class strength of source populations contributing to mixtures SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age/length based genetic stock identification (GSI); Mixed stock; Relative year-class strength; Recruitment; Lake sturgeon; Great Lakes; Stock assessment; Bayesian methods ID MIXED-STOCK ANALYSIS; LAKE STURGEON POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE DNA VARIATION; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ADULT CHINOOK SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; FISH POPULATIONS; RIVER-BASIN; RECRUITMENT; FISHERIES AB We developed an approach for estimating changes in relative year-class strength of source populations contributing to mixtures by incorporating ages or lengths of mixture individuals in genetic stock identification models. The approach is intended for long-lived fishes with high pre-recruitment and low post-recruitment mortality rates for which consistent temporal changes in recruitment can be assumed. Age- and collection-year specific contributions of sources to the mixture are modeled as linear functions of two source-specific parameters: an intercept representing relative recruitment for the first modeled year class and a slope representing how relative recruitment changes annually. Based on simulations, the estimation approach performed reasonably well under diverse conditions, including varying numbers of sources, levels of genetic divergence among sources, degrees of change in year-class strength, durations and frequencies of sampling from mixtures, age ranges of individuals from mixtures, and sample sizes from mixtures. The estimation approach was also robust to aging error and uncertainty in length-age relationships. We applied the approach to genetic and length data for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, collected from 2002 to 2008, with sources corresponding to five Lake Michigan tributaries. Two of the Lake Michigan sources showed declining recruitment levels, whereas the other three sources showed increasing recruitment levels. We believe our proposed approach for indexing changes in year-class strength shows promise as a tool for identifying sources potentially at risk due to declining recruitment and for relating changes in recruitment to biotic or abiotic factors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tsehaye, Iyob; Brenden, Travis O.; Bence, James R.; Liu, Weihai] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.; Kanefsky, Jeannette; Bott, Kristin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Tsehaye, I (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM tsehaye@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2009.1080]; Michigan Department of Natural Resources FX This research was partially funded by Great Lakes Fishery Trust project 2009.1080. Additional funding was provided by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and other contributing partners of the Michigan State University Quantitative Fisheries Center. The authors wish to thank the commercial fishers and fishery agency personnel that collected the Lake Michigan lake sturgeon tissue samples used in this research. Computational work in support of this research was performed at Michigan State University's High Performance Computing Facility. This is publication 2015-18 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 173 SI SI BP 236 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.09.004 PN 3 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DA4MR UT WOS:000367774500007 ER PT J AU Steeman, T Vandenbroucke, TRA Williams, M Verniers, J Perrier, V Siveter, DJ Wilkinson, J Zalasiewicz, J Emsbo, P AF Steeman, Thomas Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A. Williams, Mark Verniers, Jacques Perrier, Vincent Siveter, David J. Wilkinson, James Zalasiewicz, Jan Emsbo, Poul TI Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the Silurian Wenlock-Ludlow boundary succession of the Long Mountain, Powys, Wales SO GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE chitinozoans; graptolites; biostratigraphy; Welsh Basin; Wenlock-Ludlow ID GRAPTOLITE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; WELSH BASIN; AREA; BIOZONATION; SECTION; ENGLAND; SERIES; BEDS AB Systematic collecting through the upper Wenlock (upper Homerian) and lower Ludlow (Gorstian and lowermost Ludfordian) Silurian rock succession of the Long Mountain, Powys, Wales, identifies some 48 chitinozoan species that distinguish four biozones, two subzones and an interregnum. Consideration of the chitinozoan biozones together with those of the graptolites enables a local three-fold subdivision of the late Homerian lundgreni graptolite Biozone, and the distinction of lower and upper intervals for the Gorstian incipiens graptolite Biozone. The base of the Ludlow Series in the Long Mountain more or less equates to the base of the Cingulochitina acme chitinozoan Biozone, although no key chitinozoan first or last appearance datums are associated with the series boundary itself. The new graptolite-chitinozoan biozonation allows enhanced correlation between upper Wenlock and lower Ludlow sedimentary deposits of the Lower Palaeozoic Welsh depositional basin and those of the palaeo-shelf in the stratotype Wenlock and Ludlow areas of Shropshire. Chitinozoans seem affected by the phenomena that caused the late Wenlock 'Mulde extinction' in graptolites but, with the final disappearance of 9 species and re-appearance of 11 species following an interval of overall low diversity, they seem to have suffered less severely than their macro-zooplanktonic contemporaries. C1 [Steeman, Thomas; Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A.; Verniers, Jacques] Univ Ghent, Res Unit Palaeontol, Dept Geol & Soil Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A.] Univ Lille 1, UMR CNRS Evo Eco Paleo 8198, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Williams, Mark; Perrier, Vincent; Siveter, David J.; Wilkinson, James; Zalasiewicz, Jan] Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, CMERSC, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Steeman, T (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Res Unit Palaeontol, Dept Geol & Soil Sci, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM thomas.steeman@ugent.be RI Vandenbroucke, Thijs/B-7974-2009; Williams, Mark/B-7590-2009 OI Williams, Mark/0000-0002-7987-6069 FU Leverhulme Trust [RP14G0168]; IGCP project [591] FX Douglas Palmer (Cambridge) provided invaluable access to his field maps of the Long Mountain succession that directed our fieldwork and stratigraphical understanding in Wales. Laurence Debeauvais (University of Lille1) and Sabine Van Cauwenberghe (UGent) are acknowledged for palynological analyses and Philippe Recourt (University of Lille1) for her help with SEM imaging. We thank the Leverhulme Trust (grant number RP14G0168) for funding this work. This is a contribution to IGCP project 591. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0016-7568 EI 1469-5081 J9 GEOL MAG JI Geol. Mag. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 153 IS 1 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1017/S0016756815000266 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DA3WG UT WOS:000367730200006 ER PT J AU Novosolov, M Rodda, GH Feldman, A Kadison, AE Dor, R Meiri, S AF Novosolov, Maria Rodda, Gordon H. Feldman, Anat Kadison, Amy E. Dor, Roi Meiri, Shai TI Power in numbers. Drivers of high population density in insular lizards SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Density compensation; dispersal; ecological sorting; insularity; lizards; population density; snakes ID BODY-SIZE; SQUAMATE REPTILES; ISLAND SYNDROME; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOLOGY; EVOLUTION; COMPENSATION; PHYLOGENIES; PREDATION; CONSERVATION AB Aim Islands organisms usually have fewer predator and competitor species than mainland ones. This is thought to result in high population densities on islands. We hypothesize that insular lizards have denser populations than mainland species and that density, in general, is negatively correlated with competitor and predator richness. Location Global. Methods We compared densities of 346 lizard species on islands and the mainland while examining the relationship between density and, predator and competitor richness, primary productivity, seasonality and island area. We controlled for phylogenetic non-independence, body mass and study area, which are known to strongly affect population density. Results Insular populations (especially on snake-free islands) are denser than mainland ones. Mainland populations of lizard species that also inhabit islands were denser than those of species that do not inhabit islands. Population density was the highest on islands with low net primary productivity and was not significantly affected by competitor or predator richness. Moreover, insular populations show high density regardless of island area. Main conclusions We conclude that the ability of mainland species to reach high population densities may increase their chances in reaching and successfully colonizing islands. We postulate that population density may be affected by predator and competitor density rather than by their richness. Density increase on islands may result not from the environmental simplicity of island faunas but through propagule sorting or pressure. C1 [Novosolov, Maria; Feldman, Anat; Kadison, Amy E.; Dor, Roi; Meiri, Shai] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Rodda, Gordon H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Novosolov, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM marianovosolov@gmail.com OI Meiri, Shai/0000-0003-3839-6330 FU Clore Israel Foundation; ISF [1005/12] FX Members of the Global Assessment of Reptile Distribution (GARD) group were instrumental in obtaining data on lizards and snake distribution. We thank Panayiotis Pafilis for valuable discussion. Two anonymous referees made many important and helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. M.N. is funded by the Clore Israel Foundation for the years 2015-2017. This study was funded by an ISF grant number 1005/12 to S.M. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1111/geb.12390 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DA3VX UT WOS:000367728900010 ER PT J AU Stark, SC Breshears, DD Garcia, ES Law, DJ Minor, DM Saleska, SR Swann, ALS Villegas, JC Aragao, LEOC Bella, EM Borma, LS Cobb, NS Litvak, ME Magnusson, WE Morton, JM Redmond, MD AF Stark, Scott C. Breshears, David D. Garcia, Elizabeth S. Law, Darin J. Minor, David M. Saleska, Scott R. Swann, Abigail L. S. Camilo Villegas, Juan Aragao, Luiz E. O. C. Bella, Elizabeth M. Borma, Laura S. Cobb, Neil S. Litvak, Marcy E. Magnusson, William E. Morton, John M. Redmond, Miranda D. TI Toward accounting for ecoclimate teleconnections: intra- and inter-continental consequences of altered energy balance after vegetation change SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazon; CESM; Ecoclimate teleconnections; Energy balance; Forest die-off; Hemispherical photography; LiDAR; Macrosystems ecology; North America; Vegetation change ID GRASSLAND-FOREST CONTINUUM; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; CANOPY LEAF-AREA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; DIE-OFF; MORTALITY; CARBON AB Vegetation is projected to continue to undergo major structural changes in coming decades due to land conversion and climate change, including widespread forest die-offs. These vegetation changes are important not only for their local or regional climatic effects, but also because they can affect climate and subsequently vegetation in other regions or continents through "ecoclimate teleconnections". We propose that ecoclimate teleconnections are a fundamental link among regions within and across continents, and are central to advancing large-scale macrosystems ecology. We illustrate potential ecoclimate teleconnections in a bounding simulation that assumes complete tree cover loss in western North America due to tree die-off, and which predicts subsequent drying and reduced net primary productivity in other areas of North America, the Amazon and elsewhere. Central to accurately modeling such ecoclimate teleconnections is characterizing how vegetation change alters albedo and other components of the land-surface energy balance and then scales up to impact the climate system. We introduce a framework for rapid field-based characterization of vegetation structure and energy balance to help address this challenge. Ecoclimate teleconnections are likely a fundamental aspect of macrosystems ecology needed to account for alterations to large-scale atmospheric-ecological couplings in response to vegetation change, including deforestation, afforestation and die-off. C1 [Stark, Scott C.; Minor, David M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm & Joint, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Garcia, Elizabeth S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Law, Darin J.] Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Swann, Abigail L. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swann, Abigail L. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Camilo Villegas, Juan] Univ Antioquia, Sch Environm, GIGA Grp, Medellin, Colombia. [Camilo Villegas, Juan] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Aragao, Luiz E. O. C.] Natl Inst Space Res, Remote Sensing Div, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Aragao, Luiz E. O. C.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bella, Elizabeth M.; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Bella, Elizabeth M.] AECOM, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Borma, Laura S.] Natl Inst Space Res, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Cobb, Neil S.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Litvak, Marcy E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Magnusson, William E.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Redmond, Miranda D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stark, SC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM scott.c.stark@gmail.com FU NSF [EF-1340624, EF-1340649, EF-1340604]; Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station; Estrategia de Sostenibilidad Universidad de Antioquia; PPBio-CENBAM; CNPq; FAPESP [2013/50533-5, 2013/50531-2] FX This work was supported primarily through NSF EF-1340624, EF-1340649 & EF-1340604; additional support provided by Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station; Estrategia de Sostenibilidad 2014-2015 Universidad de Antioquia; PPBio-CENBAM; L.E.O.C.A. acknowledges the support of the CNPq Fellowship and FAPESP (Grant 2013/50533-5). L.S.B acknowledges the support of the FAPESP (Grant 2013/50531-2). We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of anonymous reviewers to improving the manuscript. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0282-5 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DA2AR UT WOS:000367598200014 ER PT J AU Tinker, MT Hatfield, BB Harris, MD Ames, JA AF Tinker, M. Tim Hatfield, Brian B. Harris, Michael D. Ames, Jack A. TI Dramatic increase in sea otter mortality from white sharks in California SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris nereis; sea otter; Carcharodon carcharias; white shark; mortality; investigatory bite; stranding; carcass ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-PUSILLUS-PUSILLUS; OFFSHORE FORAGING AREA; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; POPULATION-GROWTH; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREDATION; ISLAND; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB Although southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) are not considered prey for white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias), sharks do nonetheless bite sea otters. We analyzed spatial and temporal trends in shark bites on sea otters in California, assessing the frequency of shark bite wounds in 1,870 carcasses collected since 1985. The proportion of stranded sea otters having shark bites has increased sharply since 2003, and white shark bites now account for >50% of recovered carcasses. The trend was most pronounced in the southern part of the range, from Estero Bay to Point Conception, where shark bite frequency has increased eightfold. Seasonal trends were also evident: most shark-bitten carcasses are recovered in late summer and fall; however, the period of elevated shark bite frequency has lengthened. The causes of these trends are unclear, but possible contributing factors include increased white shark abundance and/or changes in white shark behavior and distribution. In particular, the spatiotemporal patterns of shark-bitten sea otters match increases in pinniped populations, and the increased availability of marine mammal prey for white sharks may have led to more sharks spending more time in nearshore waters utilized by both sea otters and pinnipeds. C1 [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz Field Stn, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hatfield, Brian B.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz Field Stn, Piedras Blancas Off, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA. [Harris, Michael D.; Ames, Jack A.] Calfornia Dept Fish Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Vet Care Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Tinker, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz Field Stn, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ttinker@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 309 EP 326 DI 10.1111/mms.12261 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DA2LH UT WOS:000367625800017 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM AF Dorazio, Robert M. TI Bayesian data analysis in population ecology: motivations, methods, and benefits SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Frequentist inference; Hierarchical modeling; Missing data; Occupancy model; Spatial analysis; State-space modeling ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; CALIBRATED BAYES; MODELS; INFERENCE; STATISTICS; CONFIDENCE; RATES AB During the 20th century ecologists largely relied on the frequentist system of inference for the analysis of their data. However, in the past few decades ecologists have become increasingly interested in the use of Bayesian methods of data analysis. In this article I provide guidance to ecologists who would like to decide whether Bayesian methods can be used to improve their conclusions and predictions. I begin by providing a concise summary of Bayesian methods of analysis, including a comparison of differences between Bayesian and frequentist approaches to inference when using hierarchical models. Next I provide a list of problems where Bayesian methods of analysis may arguably be preferred over frequentist methods. These problems are usually encountered in analyses based on hierarchical models of data. I describe the essentials required for applying modern methods of Bayesian computation, and I use real-world examples to illustrate these methods. I conclude by summarizing what I perceive to be the main strengths and weaknesses of using Bayesian methods to solve ecological inference problems. C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov FU University of Tsukuba FX I thank Dr. Yukihiko Toquenaga for inviting me to present this article in a plenary symposium of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Society of Population Ecology in Tsukuba, Japan. I am also grateful to the Society and to the University of Tsukuba for providing funding for my travel expenses and publication costs. Chris Wikle and two anonymous referees kindly provided suggestions that improved an earlier draft of this article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 28 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 58 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10144-015-0503-4 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA4YA UT WOS:000367807500004 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Fuller, AK Sutherland, C AF Royle, J. Andrew Fuller, Angela K. Sutherland, Chris TI Spatial capture-recapture models allowing Markovian transience or dispersal SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Animal movement; Density estimation; Dispersal; Spatial capture-recapture; Spatially explicit capture-recapture; Transience ID POPULATION-DENSITY; HOME-RANGE; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; SITE FIDELITY; SURVIVAL; INDIVIDUALS; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are a relatively recent development in quantitative ecology, and they are becoming widely used to model density in studies of animal populations using camera traps, DNA sampling and other methods which produce spatially explicit individual encounter information. One of the core assumptions of SCR models is that individuals possess home ranges that are spatially stationary during the sampling period. For many species, this assumption is unlikely to be met and, even for species that are typically territorial, individuals may disperse or exhibit transience at some life stages. In this paper we first conduct a simulation study to evaluate the robustness of estimators of density under ordinary SCR models when dispersal or transience is present in the population. Then, using both simulated and real data, we demonstrate that such models can easily be described in the BUGS language providing a practical framework for their analysis, which allows us to evaluate movement dynamics of species using capture-recapture data. We find that while estimators of density are extremely robust, even to pathological levels of movement (e.g., complete transience), the estimator of the spatial scale parameter of the encounter probability model is confounded with the dispersal/transience scale parameter. Thus, use of ordinary SCR models to make inferences about density is feasible, but interpretation of SCR model parameters in relation to movement should be avoided. Instead, when movement dynamics are of interest, such dynamics should be parameterized explicitly in the model. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sutherland, Chris] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov; angela.fuller@cornell.edu; csutherland@umass.edu OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU NSF [1059284, 0832782] FX Preliminary results of this research were presented by the authors at the 2014 Graybill/ENVR Conference: Modern Statistical Methods for Ecology, held September 7-10, 2014 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. We thank Michael Schaub and 2 anonymous referees for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. Part of this research was performed using the ATLAS HPC Cluster, a compute cluster with 672 cores, 4 Tesla M2090 GPU accelerators, supported by NSF grants (Award # 1059284 and 0832782). NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 58 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s10144-015-0524-z PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA4YA UT WOS:000367807500006 ER PT J AU Jones, MD Dee, S Anderson, L Baker, A Bowen, G Noone, DC AF Jones, M. D. Dee, S. Anderson, L. Baker, A. Bowen, G. Noone, D. C. TI Water isotope systematics: Improving our palaeoclimate interpretations Introduction SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CIRCULATION MODEL; BIG DATA; VARIABILITY; DELTA-O-18; RESOLUTION; RECORDS; PRECIPITATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATION; RATIOS C1 [Jones, M. D.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Dee, S.] Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Anderson, L.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Baker, A.] Univ New S Wales, Connected Waters Initiat Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Bowen, G.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Noone, D. C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Jones, MD (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM matthew.jones@nottingham.ac.uk OI Jones, Matthew/0000-0001-8116-5568; Dee, Sylvia/0000-0002-2140-785X FU Royal Society FX We thank all participants in the Water Isotopes session at the AGU Fall Meeting in 2013, and in particular we thank Mike Evans and John Gibson for their input and support. Initial ideas from this collection of papers were discussed whilst MDJ was the recipient of funding from the Royal Society to visit UNSW, and much of the editing was done whilst he was a Visiting Fellow in the School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management at the University of Queensland. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 131 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.014 PN B PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DA0MO UT WOS:000367491400001 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Berkelhammer, M Mast, MA AF Anderson, Lesleigh Berkelhammer, Max Mast, M. Alisa TI Isotopes in North American Rocky Mountain Snowpack 1993-2014 SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Snowpack; Stable isotopes; Temperature-delta O-18 relation; Orographic effect; Paleoclimate ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; PRECIPITATION; DELTA-O-18; COLORADO; USA; TEMPERATURE; DELTA-H-2; PROFILES AB We present similar to 1300 new isotopic measurements (delta O-18 and delta H-2) from a network of snowpack sites in the Rocky Mountains that have been sampled since 1993. The network includes 177 locations where depthintegrated snow samples are collected each spring near peak accumulation. At 57 of these locations snowpack samples were obtained for 10-21 years and their isotopic measurements provide unprecedented spatial and temporal documentation of snowpack isotope values at mid-latitudes. For environments where snowfall accounts for the majority of annual precipitation, snowmelt is likely to have the strongest influence on isotope values retained in proxy archives. In this first presentation of the dataset we (1) describe the basic features of the isotope values in relation to the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), (2) evaluate space for time substitutions traditionally used to establish delta O-18-temperature relations, (3) evaluate site-to-site similarities across the network and identify those that are the most regionally representative, (4) examine atmospheric circulation patterns for several years with spatially coherent isotope patterns, and (5) provide examples of the implications this new dataset has for interpreting paleoclimate records (Bison Lake, Colorado and Minnetonka Cave, Idaho). Results indicate that snowpack delta O-18 is rarely a simple proxy of temperature. Instead, it exhibits a high degree of spatial heterogeneity and temporal variance that reflect additional processes such as vapor transport and post-depositional modification. Despite these complexities we identify consistent climate-isotope patterns and regionally representative locations that serve to better define Holocene hydroclimate estimates and their uncertainty. Climate change has and will affect western U.S. snowpack and we suggest these changes can be better understood and anticipated by oxygen and hydrogen isotope-based reconstructions of Holocene hydroclimate using a process-based understanding of the controls on snowpack isotope ratios. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anderson, Lesleigh] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Berkelhammer, Max] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Mast, M. Alisa] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM land@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development FX The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development supported this research. We thank George Ingersoll who has carried out and managed the snowpack collections for the USGS Rocky Mountain Snowpack Chemistry Network since the project's inception in 1993. Our sincere appreciation to Larry Benson for his contribution of isotope analyses, and to David Noone and Aleya Kaushik for assistance with water isotope measurements at the University of Colorado Boulder, and to Zach Lundeen for sharing the Minnetonka Cave isotope data. We appreciate our conceptual discussions with Bob Thompson and Greg Pederson, and assistance by Pam Bolan for subsampling, Paco Van Sistine for GIS support, and Laura Strickland and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 131 BP 262 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.023 PN B PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DA0MO UT WOS:000367491400003 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. TI Using satellite vegetation and compound topographic indices to map highly erodible cropland buffers for cellulosic biofuel crop developments in eastern Nebraska, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic biofuel; Highly erodible cropland; Compound topographic index (CTI); High topographic relief waterway buffer; Switchgrass biomass productivity; Land management ID SWITCHGRASS BIOMASS PRODUCTION; MULTISPECIES RIPARIAN BUFFERS; PLATTE RIVER-BASIN; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; WATER-QUALITY; GREAT-PLAINS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; GRASSLAND BIRDS; CARBON AB Cultivating annual row crops in high topographic relief waterway buffers has negative environmental effects and can be environmentally unsustainable. Growing perennial grasses such as switchgrass (Panicum virgaturn L.) for biomass (e.g., cellulosic biofuel feedstocks) instead of annual row crops in these high relief waterway buffers can improve local environmental conditions (e.g., reduce soil erosion and improve water quality through lower use of fertilizers and pesticides) and ecosystem services (e.g., minimize drought and flood impacts on production; improve wildlife habitat, plant vigor, and nitrogen retention due to post-senescence harvest for cellulosic biofuels; and serve as carbon sinks). The main objectives of this study are to: (1) identify cropland areas with high topographic relief (high runoff potentials) and high switchgrass productivity potential in eastern Nebraska that may be suitable for growing switchgrass, and (2) estimate the total switchgrass production gain from the potential biofuel areas. Results indicate that about 140,000 hectares of waterway buffers in eastern Nebraska are suitable for switchgrass development and the total annual estimated switchgrass biomass production for these suitable areas is approximately 1.2 million metric tons. The resulting map delineates high topographic relief croplands and provides useful information to land managers and biofuel plant investors to make optimal land use decisions regarding biofuel crop development and ecosystem service optimization in eastern Nebraska. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), ASRC Res & Technol Solut, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov OI Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS [G13PC00028]; USGS Land Change Science Program FX This work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028 and funded by the USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels. The authors thank Sandra Poppenga and Bruce Worstell for providing the USGS 30-m high resolution CTI data. The authors thank Daniel M. Howard for providing yearly crop mask maps for Nebraska. The authors also thank Norman B. Bliss, Thomas Adamson, Sandra C. Cooper, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 60 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.019 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9GW UT WOS:000367407000008 ER PT J AU Milner, AM Woodward, A Freilich, JE Black, RW Resh, VH AF Milner, Alexander M. Woodward, Andrea Freilich, Jerome E. Black, Robert W. Resh, Vincent H. TI Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Rivers; Management; Variation; Biomonitoring; Impairment; Macroinvertebrates ID TAXONOMIC DISTINCTNESS; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; WATER; BIODIVERSITY; PERSISTENCE; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY; STABILITY; RESPONSES AB A major challenge in the biological monitoring of stream ecosystems in protected wilderness areas is discerning whether temporal changes in community structure are significantly outside of a reference condition that represents natural or acceptable annual variation in population cycles. Otherwise sites could erroneously be classified as impaired. Long-term datasets are essential for understanding these trends, to ascertain whether any changes in community structure significantly beyond the reference condition are permanent shifts or with time move back to within previous limits. To this end, we searched for long-term (>8 years) quantitative data sets of macroinvertebrate communities in wadeable rivers collected by similar methods and time of year in protected wilderness areas with minimal anthropogenic disturbance. Four geographic areas with datasets that met these criteria in the USA were identified, namely: McLaughlin Nature Reserve in California (1 stream), Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennesse-North Carolina (14 streams), Wind River Wilderness Areas in Wyoming (3 streams) and Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska (6 streams). Two statistical approaches were applied: Taxonomic Distinctness (TD) to describe changes in diversity over time and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) to describe changes over time in community persistence (Jaccards Index) and community stability (Bray-Curtis Index). Control charts were used to determine if years in MDS plots were significantly outside a reference condition. For Hunting Creek, TD showed three years outside natural variation which could be attributed to severe hydrological events but years outside the natural-variation funnel at sites in other geographical areas were inconsistent and could not be explained by environmental variables. TD identified simulated severe pollutant events which caused the removal of entire invertebrate assemblages but not simulated water temperature shifts. Within a region, both MDS analyses typically identified similar years as exceeding reference condition variation, illustrating the utility of the approach for identifying wider spatial scale effects that influence more than one stream. MDS responded to both simulated water temperature stress and a pollutant event, and generally outlying years on MDS plots could be explained by environmental variables, particularly higher precipitation. Multivariate control charts successfully identified whether shifts in community structure identified by MDS were significant and whether the shift represented a press disturbance (long-term change) or a pulse disturbance. We consider a combination of TD and MDS with control charts to be a potentially powerful tool for determining years significantly outside of a reference condition variation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Milner, Alexander M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Milner, Alexander M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Freilich, Jerome E.] Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Black, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Resh, Vincent H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Milner, AM (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM a.m.milner@bham.ac.uk; awoodward@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 60 BP 524 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.07.025 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9GW UT WOS:000367407000054 ER PT J AU Pearlstine, L Lo Galbo, A Reynolds, G Parsons, JH Dean, T Alvarado, M Suir, K AF Pearlstine, Leonard Lo Galbo, Alicia Reynolds, Gregg Parsons, Janice Holly Dean, Tylan Alvarado, Mario Suir, Kevin TI Recurrence intervals of spatially simulated hydrologic metrics for restoration of Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) habitat SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Cape Sable seaside sparrow; Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis; Florida; Everglades; Marl prairie; Habitat model; Hydrologic suitability ID VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT AB Marl prairie, a diverse graminoid-dominated freshwater vegetation community in the Florida Everglades, provides a specialized niche for the federally endangered Cape Sable seaside sparrow (CSSS). This paper describes a regional habitat suitability modeling approach to evaluating how changes in management from Everglades restoration may affect the CSSS. The Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow Marl Prairie Indicator (CSSSMarlPrairie) is a spatially explicit model that integrates frequency (return periods) of target hydrologic conditions to simulate the anticipated response of marl prairie CSSS habitats to fluxing hydropatterns resulting from restoration projects, water management operations, and climatic change. The model integrates CSSS field survey data with the hydrologic targets at the resolution of the hydrologic simulation model (in this case, the Regional Simulation Model). The application of return periods for hydrologic events provides a novel approach for simulation of anticipated marl prairie responses in the southern Everglades and is readily applicable to evaluating targets-of modeled wetland restoration scenarios elsewhere. CSSSMarlPrairie is intended to be used for decision support, in association with a suite of ecological models for additional species of management concern, to facilitate planning of ecosystem restoration projects such as those in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan and recovery of the marl prairie habitats of the CSSS. A tentatively selected restoration plan for the central Everglades is projected to have mostly minor overall impacts to marl prairie CSSS habitats. Local substantial habitat shifts in and adjacent to designated habitat boundaries have been identified, however, that warrant management consideration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pearlstine, Leonard; Reynolds, Gregg; Parsons, Janice Holly; Dean, Tylan; Alvarado, Mario] Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Lo Galbo, Alicia] US Army Corps Engineers, Planning & Policy Branch, Div Water Resources, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. [Suir, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Pearlstine, L (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. EM Leonard_Pearlstine@nps.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 60 BP 1252 EP 1262 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.09.018 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9GW UT WOS:000367407000124 ER PT J AU Di Giallonardo, F Geoghegan, JL Docherty, DE McLean, RG Zody, MC Qu, J Yang, X Birren, BW Malboeuf, CM Newman, RM Ip, HS Holmes, EC AF Di Giallonardo, Francesca Geoghegan, Jemma L. Docherty, Douglas E. McLean, Robert G. Zody, Michael C. Qu, James Yang, Xiao Birren, Bruce W. Malboeuf, Christine M. Newman, Ruchi M. Ip, Hon S. Holmes, Edward C. TI Fluid Spatial Dynamics of West Nile Virus in the United States: Rapid Spread in a Permissive Host Environment SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SUBURBAN CHICAGO; DENGUE VIRUS; TIME-SCALE; GENOTYPE AB The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 is a classic example of viral emergence in a new environment, with its subsequent dispersion across the continent having a major impact on local bird populations. Despite the importance of this epizootic, the pattern, dynamics, and determinants of WNV spread in its natural hosts remain uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether the virus encountered major barriers to transmission, or spread in an unconstrained manner, and if specific viral lineages were favored over others indicative of intrinsic differences in fitness. To address these key questions in WNV evolution and ecology, we sequenced the complete genomes of approximately 300 avian isolates sampled across the United States between 2001 and 2012. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a relatively star-like tree structure, indicative of explosive viral spread in the United States, although with some replacement of viral genotypes through time. These data are striking in that viral sequences exhibit relatively limited clustering according to geographic region, particularly for those viruses sampled from birds, and no strong phylogenetic association with well-sampled avian species. The genome sequence data analyzed here also contain relatively little evidence for adaptive evolution, particularly of structural proteins, suggesting that most viral lineages are of similar fitness and that WNV is well adapted to the ecology of mosquito vectors and diverse avian hosts in the United States. In sum, the molecular evolution of WNV in North America depicts a largely unfettered expansion within a permissive host and geographic population with little evidence of major adaptive barriers. IMPORTANCE How viruses spread in new host and geographic environments is central to understanding the emergence and evolution of novel infectious diseases and for predicting their likely impact. The emergence of the vector-borne West Nile virus (WNV) in North America in 1999 represents a classic example of this process. Using approximately 300 new viral genomes sampled from wild birds, we show that WNV experienced an explosive spread with little geographical or host constraints within birds and relatively low levels of adaptive evolution. From its introduction into the state of New York, WNV spread across the United States, reaching California and Florida within 4 years, a migration that is clearly reflected in our genomic sequence data, and with a general absence of distinct geographical clusters of bird viruses. However, some geographically distinct viral lineages were found to circulate in mosquitoes, likely reflecting their limited long-distance movement compared to avian species. C1 [Di Giallonardo, Francesca; Geoghegan, Jemma L.; Holmes, Edward C.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Marie Bashir Inst Infect Dis & Biosecur, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Di Giallonardo, Francesca; Geoghegan, Jemma L.; Holmes, Edward C.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Docherty, Douglas E.; McLean, Robert G.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Zody, Michael C.; Qu, James; Yang, Xiao; Birren, Bruce W.; Malboeuf, Christine M.; Newman, Ruchi M.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Holmes, EC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Marie Bashir Inst Infect Dis & Biosecur, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM edward.holmes@sydney.edu.au OI Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 FU HHS\ NIH\ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [HHSN272200900018C]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [P2ZHP3_151594]; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [AF30] FX HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) provided funding to Michael C. Zody, James Qu, Xiao Yang, Bruce Birren, Christine M. Malboeuf, and Ruchi M. Newman under grant number HHSN272200900018C. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) provided funding to Francesca Di Giallonardo under grant number P2ZHP3_151594. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) provided funding to Edward C. Holmes under grant number AF30. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 90 IS 2 BP 862 EP 872 DI 10.1128/JVI.02305-15 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA DA1AE UT WOS:000367527900022 ER PT J AU Albano, CM Dettinger, MD McCarthy, MI Schaller, KD Welborn, TL Cox, DA AF Albano, Christine M. Dettinger, Michael D. McCarthy, Maureen I. Schaller, Kevin D. Welborn, Toby L. Cox, Dale A. TI Application of an extreme winter storm scenario to identify vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Winter storm hazards; Flood; Emergency preparedness; Emergency management; Scenario; ARkStorm ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; FORECASTS; WEATHER; WASHINGTON; IMPACTS; LOSSES; FLOODS AB In the Sierra Nevada mountains (USA), and geographically similar areas across the globe where human development is expanding, extreme winter storm and flood risks are expected to increase with changing climate, heightening the need for communities to assess risks and better prepare for such events. In this case study, we demonstrate a novel approach to examining extreme winter storm and flood risks. We incorporated high-resolution atmospheric-hydrologic modeling of the ARkStorm extreme winter storm scenario with multiple modes of engagement with practitioners, including a series of facilitated discussions and a tabletop emergency management exercise, to develop a regional assessment of extreme storm vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the greater Lake Tahoe region of Northern Nevada and California, USA. Through this process, practitioners discussed issues of concern across all phases of the emergency management life cycle, including preparation, response, recovery, and mitigation. Interruption of transportation, communications, and interagency coordination were among the most pressing concerns, and specific approaches for addressing these issues were identified, including prepositioning resources, diversifying communications systems, and improving coordination among state, tribal, and public utility practitioners. Science needs included expanding real-time monitoring capabilities to improve the precision of meteorological models and enhance situational awareness, assessing vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure, and conducting cost-benefit analyses to assess opportunities to improve both natural and human-made infrastructure to better withstand extreme storms. Our approach and results can be used to support both land use and emergency planning activities aimed toward increasing community resilience to extreme winter storm hazards in mountainous regions. C1 [Albano, Christine M.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Albano, Christine M.] Conservat Sci Partners, Truckee, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McCarthy, Maureen I.] Univ Nevada, Tahoe Sci Consortium, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [McCarthy, Maureen I.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Schaller, Kevin D.] Resiliency Partners, Reno, NV USA. [Welborn, Toby L.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV USA. [Cox, Dale A.] US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Risk Reduct, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Albano, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM calbano@ucdavis.edu FU US Geological Survey (Science Application Risk Reduction Project); University of Nevada-Reno Academy for the Environment; US Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Science Center FX We are very grateful to our agency partners Aaron Kenneston, Tim Cary, Ed Evans, Madonna Dunbar, and Gina Marotto, who brought their expertise and communities together and shared their facilities for the ARkStorm@Tahoe practitioner meetings and tabletop exercise. Several other individuals contributed to development of technical products, including National Weather Service partners: Chris Smallcomb, Mark Faucette, Alan Haynes, and Gary Barbato, Andre Leamons (Bureau of Reclamation), Desert Research Institute partners: Justin Huntington, Tim Brown, Domagoj Podnar, and Hauss Reinbold, Rich Niswonger (US Geological Survey), and University of California, Davis partners: Geoff Schladow and Galoka Sahoo. This project would not have been possible without the active and engaged participation of over 130 public and private sector organizations represented by over 300 individuals. Their perspective and candid assessment of impacts of an ARkStorm event in the region and discussion of possible mitigation actions formed the basis of the findings presented in this manuscript. We also gratefully acknowledge funding and support from the US Geological Survey (Science Application Risk Reduction Project), the University of Nevada-Reno Academy for the Environment and the US Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Science Center. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2016 VL 80 IS 2 BP 879 EP 900 DI 10.1007/s11069-015-2003-4 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CZ7UI UT WOS:000367305200011 ER PT J AU Priest, GR Stimely, LL Wood, NJ Madin, IP Watzig, RJ AF Priest, George R. Stimely, Laura L. Wood, Nathan J. Madin, Ian P. Watzig, Rudie J. TI Beat-the-wave evacuation mapping for tsunami hazards in Seaside, Oregon, USA SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami evacuation difficulty; Seaside, Oregon; Anisotropic path distance; Cascadia; Earthquake ID POPULATION EXPOSURE AB Previous pedestrian evacuation modeling for tsunamis has not considered variable wave arrival times or critical junctures (e.g., bridges), and did not effectively communicate multiple evacuee travel speeds. We summarize an approach that identifies evacuation corridors, recognizes variable wave arrival times, and produces a map of minimum pedestrian travel speeds to reach safety, termed a "beat-the-wave" (BTW) evacuation analysis. We demonstrate the improved approach by evaluating difficulty of pedestrian evacuation of Seaside, Oregon, for a local tsunami generated by a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. We establish evacuation paths by calculating the least-cost distance (LCD) to safety for every grid cell in a tsunami hazard zone using geospatial, anisotropic path distance algorithms. Minimum BTW speed to safety on LCD paths is calculated for every grid cell by dividing surface distance from that cell to safety by the tsunami arrival time at safety. We evaluated three scenarios of evacuation difficulty: (1) all bridges are intact with a 5-min evacuation delay from the start of earthquake, (2) only retrofitted bridges are considered intact with a 5-min delay, and (3) only retrofitted bridges are considered intact with a 10-min delay. BTW maps also take into account critical evacuation points along complex shorelines (e.g., peninsulas, bridges over shore-parallel estuaries) where evacuees could be caught by tsunami waves. The BTW map is able to communicate multiple pedestrian travel speeds, which are typically visualized by multiple maps with current LCD-based mapping practices. Results demonstrate that evacuation of Seaside is problematic seaward of the shore-parallel waterways for those with any limitations on mobility. Tsunami vertical evacuation refuges or additional pedestrian bridges may be effective ways of reducing loss of life seaward of these waterways. C1 [Priest, George R.; Stimely, Laura L.] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Madin, Ian P.; Watzig, Rudie J.] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Portland, OR USA. RP Priest, GR (reprint author), Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, POB 1033, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM george.priest@dogami.state.or.us; laura.stimely@state.or.us; nwood@usgs.gov; Ian.Madin@dogami.state.or.us; Rudie.Watzig@dogami.state.or.us OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program [NA13NWS4670013]; US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program FX This project was funded under award #NA13NWS4670013 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program and by the US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program. We thank Mara Tongue and Jeanne Jones of the USGS, Mathew Schmidtlein of California State University Sacramento and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2016 VL 80 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1056 DI 10.1007/s11069-015-2011-4 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CZ7UI UT WOS:000367305200018 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Duniway, MC Johanson, JK AF Munson, Seth M. Duniway, Michael C. Johanson, Jamin K. TI Rangeland Monitoring Reveals Long-term Plant Responses to Precipitation and Grazing at the Landscape Scale SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bureau of Land Management; climate and land use change; Colorado Plateau; ecological sites; state-and-transition models; vegetation monitoring ID TRANSITION MODELS; LAND; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; STATES AB Managers of rangeland ecosystems require methods to track the condition of natural resources over large areas and long periods of time as they confront climate change and land use intensification. We demonstrate how rangeland monitoring results can be synthesized using ecological site concepts to understand how climate, site factors, and management actions affect long-term vegetation dynamics at the landscape-scale. Forty-six years of rangeland monitoring conducted by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) on the Colorado Plateau reveals variable responses of plant species cover to cool-season precipitation, land type (ecological site groups), and grazing intensity. Dominant C-3 perennial grasses (Achnatherum hymenoides, Hesperostipa comata), which are essential to support wildlife and livestock on the Colorado Plateau, had responses to cool-season precipitation that were at least twice as large as the dominant C-4 perennial grass (Pleuraphis jamesii) and woody vegetation. However, these C-3 perennial grass responses to precipitation were reduced by nearly one-third on grassland ecological sites with fine-rather than coarse-textured soils, and there were no detectable C-3 perennial grass responses to precipitation on ecological sites dominated by a dense-growing shrub, Coleogyne ramosissima. Heavy grazing intensity further reduced the responses of C-3 perennial grasses to cool-season precipitation on ecological sites with coarse-textured soils and surprisingly reduced the responses of shrubs as well. By using ecological site groups to assess rangeland condition, wewere able to improve our understanding of the long-termrelationships between vegetation change and climate, land use, and site characteristics, which has important implications for developing landscape-scale monitoring strategies. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Range Management. C1 [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Johanson, Jamin K.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Richfield, UT 84701 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Natural Resources Conservation Service FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends Program, Data Rescue Program, Climate and Land-Use Program, and support from the Natural Resources Conservation Service. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 23 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 69 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2015.09.004 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ8YY UT WOS:000367386200010 ER PT J AU Boot, CM Hall, EK Denef, K Baron, JS AF Boot, Claudia M. Hall, Ed K. Denef, Karolien Baron, Jill S. TI Long-term reactive nitrogen loading alters soil carbon and microbial community properties in a subalpine forest ecosystem SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen deposition; Microbial biomass; Soil carbon cycling; Enzymes; Microbial community ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; COLORADO ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; DEPOSITION; RESPONSES; FERTILIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS AB Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition due to increased fossil fuel combustion and agricultural practices has altered global carbon (C) cycling. Additions of reactive N to N-limited environments are typically accompanied by increases in plant biomass. Soil C dynamics, however, have shown a range of different responses to the addition of reactive N that seem to be ecosystem dependent. We evaluated the effect of N amendments on biogeochemical characteristics and microbial responses of subalpine forest organic soils in order to develop a mechanistic understanding of how soils are affected by N amendments in subalpine ecosystems. We measured a suite of responses across three years (2011-2013) during two seasons (spring and fall). Following 17 years of N amehdments, fertilized soils were more acidic (control mean 5.09, fertilized mean 4.68), and had lower %C (control mean 33.7% C, fertilized mean 29.8%.C) and microbial biomass C by 22% relative to control plots. Shifts in biogeochemical properties in fertilized plots were associated with an altered microbial community driven by reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal (control mean 3.2 mol%, fertilized mean 2.5 mol%) and saprotrophic fungal groups (control mean 17.0 mol%, fertilized mean 15.2 mol%), as well as a decrease in N degrading microbial enzyme activity. Our results suggest that decreases in soil C in subalpine forests were in part driven by increased microbial degradation of soil organic matter and reduced inputs to soil organic matter in the form of microbial biomass. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boot, Claudia M.; Hall, Ed K.; Denef, Karolien; Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hall, Ed K.; Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Denef, Karolien] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Cent Instrument Facil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Boot, CM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM claudia.boot@colostate.edu RI Hall, Ed/C-6013-2014; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Boot, Claudia/0000-0002-1487-242X FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) [G14AC00356]; USGS Mendenhall Fellowship [GX11RB00CMY4A00] FX We would like to thank Cathy Stewart for assistance with PLFA analyses, Laurel Lynch and Lauren Manzoni for assistance with enzymes assays, Jared Heath for field assistance, Lisa Windom for extraction and collection and Guy Beresford for assistance with qPCR. We also acknowledge the USGS Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) (G14AC00356) and a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship (GX11RB00CMY4A00) awarded to EK Hall for funding. Ideas in this manuscript were improved by participation the John Wesley Powell Center Next Generation of Ecological Indicators Working Group. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 92 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.002 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA DA0LD UT WOS:000367487700022 ER PT J AU Constantz, J AF Constantz, Jim TI Streambeds merit recognition as a scientific discipline SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER LA English DT Article ID GRAVEL AB Streambeds are generally viewed as simply sediments beneath streams, sediments topping alluvial aquifers, or sediments housing aquatic life, rather than as distinct geographic features comparable to soils and surficial geologic materials within watersheds. Streambeds should be viewed as akin to soils. Specifically, soils are often described as surficial sediments created largely by atmospheric weathering of underlying geologic parent material. Similarly, streambeds should be described as submerged sediments created largely by streamflow modification of underlying geologic parent material. Streambeds are overdue for recognition as their own scientific discipline alongside numerous other well-recognized disciplines within watersheds. The point is stated that hyporheic zones are regularly considered comparable to streambeds, but this is as misguided as equating unsaturated zones to soils. Streambeds and soils are physical geographic features of relatively constant volume, while hyporheic and unsaturated zones are hydrologic features of varying volume. This opinion piece suggests Streambed Science as the proposed discipline, requiring well-designed protocols to physically characterize streambeds and develop streambed taxonomy for suitable recognition. WIREs Water 2016, 3:13-18. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1119 For further resources related to this article, please visit the . C1 [Constantz, Jim] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jconstan@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA EI 2049-1948 J9 WIRES-WATER JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1002/wat2.1119 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CZ8NL UT WOS:000367356300002 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Werner, B Guntenspergen, GR AF Johnson, W. Carter Werner, Brett Guntenspergen, Glenn R. TI Non-linear responses of glaciated prairie wetlands to climate warming SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SAFE OPERATING SPACE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; POTHOLE REGION; GREAT-PLAINS; VULNERABILITY; THRESHOLDS; SIMULATION; HUMANITY; STATES AB The response of ecosystems to climate warming is likely to include threshold events when small changes in key environmental drivers produce large changes in an ecosystem. Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) are especially sensitive to climate variability, yet the possibility that functional changes may occur more rapidly with warming than expected has not been examined or modeled. The productivity and biodiversity of these wetlands are strongly controlled by the speed and completeness of a vegetation cover cycle driven by the wet and dry extremes of climate. Two thresholds involving duration and depth of standing water must be exceeded every few decades or so to complete the cycle and to produce highly functional wetlands. Model experiments at 19 weather stations employing incremental warming scenarios determined that wetland function across most of the PPR would be diminished beyond a climate warming of about 1.5-2.0 A degrees C, a critical temperature threshold range identified in other climate change studies. C1 [Johnson, W. Carter] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Werner, Brett] Ctr Coll Danville, Environm Studies, Danville, KY 40422 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM carter.johnson@sdstate.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Science To Achieve Results (STAR) program; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX Research for this manuscript was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Science To Achieve Results (STAR) program, managed by the EPA's Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Research, and the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. We thank the WETLANDSCAPE development team for collaboration throughout the project, including Karen Poiani, Richard Voldseth, Bruce Millett, Tagir Gilmanov, David Naugle, John Tracy, and Rosemary Carroll. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2016 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1534-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ6GJ UT WOS:000367198900015 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Orr, T Sutton, AJ Lev, E Thelen, W Fee, D AF Patrick, Matthew R. Orr, Tim Sutton, A. J. Lev, Einat Thelen, Wes Fee, David TI Shallowly driven fluctuations in lava lake outgassing (gas pistoning), Kilauea Volcano SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lava lake; Kilauea; volcano monitoring; gas emissions ID HAWAII; FRAGMENTATION; STROMBOLI; ERUPTIONS; DYNAMICS; MODELS; DEPTH AB Lava lakes provide ideal venues for directly observing and understanding the nature of outgassing in basaltic magmatic systems. Kilauea Volcano's summit lava lake has persisted for several years, during which seismic and infrasonic tremor amplitudes have exhibited episodic behavior associated with a rise and fall of the lava surface ("gas pistoning"). Since 2010, the outgassing regime of the lake has been tied to the presence or absence of gas pistoning. During normal behavior (no gas pistoning), the lake is in a "spattering" regime, consisting of higher tremor amplitudes and gas emissions. In comparison, gas piston events are associated with an abrupt rise in lava level (up to 20 m), during which the lake enters a "non-spattering" regime with greatly decreased tremor and gas emissions. We study this episodic behavior using long-term multidisciplinary monitoring of the lake, including seismicity, infrasound, gas emission and geochemistry, and time-lapse camera observations. The non-spattering regime (i.e. rise phase of a gas piston cycle) reflects gas bubbles accumulating near the top of the lake, perhaps as a shallow foam, while spattering regimes represent more efficient decoupling of gas from the lake. We speculate that the gas pistoning might be controlled by time-varying porosity and/or permeability in the upper portions of the lava lake, which may modulate foam formation and collapse. Competing models for gas pistoning, such as deeply sourced gas slugs, or dynamic pressure balances, are not consistent with our observations. Unlike other lava lakes which have cyclic behavior that is thought to be controlled by deeply sourced processes, external to the lake itself, we show an example of lava lake fluctuations driven by cycles of activity at shallow depth and close to the lake's surface. These observations highlight the complex and unsteady nature of outgassing from basaltic magmatic systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patrick, Matthew R.; Orr, Tim; Sutton, A. J.; Thelen, Wes] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Lev, Einat] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpatrick@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science Center; NSF [EAR-1348022]; University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute FX HVO staff assisted in the collection of the data in this study. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science Center. Lev was supported by NSF grant EAR-1348022. Fee was supported by the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute. Reviews by M. James, J. Lyons and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript substantially. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 433 BP 326 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.10.052 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CZ5CP UT WOS:000367120300033 ER PT J AU Roberts, JH Angermeier, PL Hallerman, EM AF Roberts, James H. Angermeier, Paul L. Hallerman, Eric M. TI Extensive dispersal of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) inferred from genetic marker data SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE darter; dispersal; microsatellite DNA; isolation by distance; pedigree reconstruction; stream fish ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; STREAM FISHES; MICROSATELLITE DATA; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; EMPIRICAL-EVALUATION; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; SIBSHIP INFERENCE AB The dispersal ecology of most stream fishes is poorly characterised, complicating conservation efforts for these species. We used microsatellite DNA marker data to characterise dispersal patterns and effective population size (N-e) for a population of Roanoke logperch Percina rex, an endangered darter (Percidae). Juveniles and candidate parents were sampled for 2years at sites throughout the Roanoke River watershed. Dispersal was inferred via genetic assignment tests (ATs), pedigree reconstruction (PR) and estimation of lifetime dispersal distance under a genetic isolation-by-distance model. Estimates of N-e varied from 105 to 1218 individuals, depending on the estimation method. Based on PR, polygamy was frequent in parents of both sexes, with individuals spawning with an average of 2.4 mates. The sample contained 61 half-sibling pairs, but only one parent-offspring pair and no full-sib pairs, which limited our ability to discriminate natal dispersal of juveniles from breeding dispersal of their parents between spawning events. Nonetheless, all methods indicated extensive dispersal. The AT indicated unrestricted dispersal among sites 15km apart, while siblings inferred by the PR were captured an average of 14km and up to 55km apart. Model-based estimates of median lifetime dispersal distance (6-24km, depending on assumptions) bracketed AT and PR estimates, indicating that widely dispersed individuals do, on average, contribute to gene flow. Extensive dispersal of P.rex suggests that darters and other small benthic stream fishes may be unexpectedly mobile. Monitoring and management activities for such populations should encompass entire watersheds to fully capture population dynamics. C1 [Roberts, James H.; Angermeier, Paul L.; Hallerman, Eric M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Roberts, JH (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM jhroberts@georgiasouthern.edu FU Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Virginia Tech [08-106FIW, 11-035-FIW]; U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Wildlife Management Institute; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This study was funded by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. We thank D. Dutton and J. Printz for invaluable help in the laboratory; D. Dutton, M. Foster, B. Neuswanger, B. Schmidt and B. Blood for assistance with field collections; and E. Frimpong for access to his supercomputer. The manuscript benefitted from the helpful comments of A. Dolloff, P. Grobler, Y. Kanno and M. Kelly. This work was carried out under the auspices of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols 08-106FIW and 11-035-FIW at Virginia Tech. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit was jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Funding for E.H.'s participation in this work was provided in part by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1111/eff.12177 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6LD UT WOS:000366519600001 ER PT J AU Westhoff, JT Paukert, C Ettinger-Dietzel, S Dodd, H Siepker, M AF Westhoff, Jacob T. Paukert, Craig Ettinger-Dietzel, Sarah Dodd, Hope Siepker, Michael TI Behavioural thermoregulation and bioenergetics of riverine smallmouth bass associated with ambient cold-period thermal refuge SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE smallmouth bass; thermal refuge; bioenergetics; movement; growth; archival tag ID STREAM HABITAT; CHINOOK SALMON; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; WATER TEMPERATURES; FISH POPULATIONS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AMERICAN SHAD; UNITED-STATES AB Smallmouth bass in thermally heterogeneous streams may behaviourally thermoregulate during the cold period (i.e., groundwater temperature greater than river water temperature) by inhabiting warm areas in the stream that result from high groundwater influence or springs. Our objectives were to determine movement of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) that use thermal refuge and project differences in growth and consumption among smallmouth bass exhibiting different thermal-use patterns. We implanted radio transmitters in 29 smallmouth bass captured in Alley Spring on the Jacks Fork River, Missouri, USA, during the winter of 2012. Additionally, temperature archival tags were implanted in a subset of nine fish. Fish were tracked using radio telemetry monthly from January 2012 through January of 2013. The greatest upstream movement was 42.5km, and the greatest downstream movement was 22.2km. Most radio tagged fish (69%) departed Alley Spring when daily maximum river water temperature first exceeded that of the spring (14 degrees C) and during increased river discharge. Bioenergetic modelling predicted that a 350g migrating smallmouth bass that used cold-period thermal refuge would grow 16% slower at the same consumption level as a fish that did not seek thermal refuge. Contrary to the bioenergetics models, extrapolation of growth scope results suggested migrating fish grow 29% more than fish using areas of stream with little groundwater influence. Our results contradict previous findings that smallmouth bass are relatively sedentary, provide information about potential cues for migratory behaviour, and give insight to managers regarding use and growth of smallmouth bass in thermally heterogeneous river systems. C1 [Westhoff, Jacob T.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Paukert, Craig] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ettinger-Dietzel, Sarah] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO USA. [Ettinger-Dietzel, Sarah; Siepker, Michael] Missouri Dept Conservat, Resource Sci Div, West Plains, MO USA. [Dodd, Hope] Natl Pk Serv, Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network, Republic, MO USA. RP Westhoff, JT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM westhoffj@missouri.edu FU Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Geological Survey through the Natural Resources Preservation Program; National Park Service, Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network Student Grant through Missouri State University FX The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Natural Resources Preservation Program and the National Park Service, Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network Student Grant through Missouri State University. Experimental procedures involving animal research were approved by the University of Missouri Animal Care and Use Committee as protocol 7168. Any use of trade produce or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data collection assistance was provided by J. Ackerson, T. Boersig III, J. Harris, J. Knerr, N. Sievert, J. Westhoff and D. Whiting. Project design was aided by V. Grant and C. Rabeni. The manuscript was improved by comments from Daniel Dauwalter and two anonymous reviewers. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1111/eff.12192 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6LD UT WOS:000366519600007 ER PT J AU Turek, KC Pegg, MA Pope, KL Schainost, S AF Turek, Kelly C. Pegg, Mark A. Pope, Kevin L. Schainost, Steve TI Potential population and assemblage influences of non-native trout on native nongame fish in Nebraska headwater streams SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE non-native trout; longnose dace; assemblage structure; size structure; white sucker ID CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; LONGNOSE-DACE; WHITE SUCKER; GROWTH; AGE AB Non-native trout are currently stocked to support recreational fisheries in headwater streams throughout Nebraska. The influence of non-native trout introductions on native fish populations and their role in structuring fish assemblages in these systems is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) if the size structure or relative abundance of native fish differs in the presence and absence of non-native trout, (ii) if native fish-assemblage structure differs in the presence and absence of non-native trout and (iii) if native fish-assemblage structure differs across a gradient in abundances of non-native trout. Longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae were larger in the presence of brown trout Salmo trutta and smaller in the presence of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss compared to sites without trout. There was also a greater proportion of larger white suckers Catostomus commersonii in the presence of brown trout. Creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus and fathead minnow Pimephales promelas size structures were similar in the presence and absence of trout. Relative abundances of longnose dace, white sucker, creek chub and fathead minnow were similar in the presence and absence of trout, but there was greater distinction in native fish-assemblage structure between sites with trout compared to sites without trout as trout abundances increased. These results suggest increased risk to native fish assemblages in sites with high abundances of trout. However, more research is needed to determine the role of non-native trout in structuring native fish assemblages in streams, and the mechanisms through which introduced trout may influence native fish populations. C1 [Turek, Kelly C.; Pegg, Mark A.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Turek, Kelly C.] Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Schainost, Steve] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Alliance, NE USA. RP Turek, KC (reprint author), 321 Hardin Hall 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kturek@huskers.unl.edu FU State Wildlife Grants Program [T-79-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Thomas Kwak for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript, Dr. Christopher Chizinski for assistance with data analyses in R and technicians for field assistance. This project was funded by State Wildlife Grants Program project T-79-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1111/eff.12194 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6LD UT WOS:000366519600009 ER PT J AU Heim, KC Wipfli, MS Whitman, MS Seitz, AC AF Heim, Kurt C. Wipfli, Mark S. Whitman, Matthew S. Seitz, Andrew C. TI Body size and condition influence migration timing of juvenile Arctic grayling SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE fish migration; individual migration timing; body condition; body size; Arctic grayling ID THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; WINTER SURVIVAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAINBOW-TROUT; COASTAL-PLAIN; BROWN TROUT; ALASKA; GROWTH; STREAM AB Freshwater fishes utilising seasonally available habitats within annual migratory circuits time movements out of such habitats with changing hydrology, although individual attributes of fish may also mediate the behavioural response to environmental conditions. We tagged juvenile Arctic grayling in a seasonally flowing stream on the Arctic Coastal Plain in Alaska and recorded migration timing towards overwintering habitat. We examined the relationship between individual migration date, and fork length (FL) and body condition index (BCI) for fish tagged in June, July and August in three separate models. Larger fish migrated earlier; however, only the August model suggested a significant relationship with BCI. In this model, 42% of variability in migration timing was explained by FL and BCI, and fish in better condition were predicted to migrate earlier than those in poor condition. Here, the majority (33%) of variability was captured by FL with an additional 9% attributable to BCI. We also noted strong seasonal trends in BCI reflecting overwinter mass loss and subsequent growth within the study area. These results are interpreted in the context of size and energetic state-specific risks of overwinter starvation and mortality (which can be very high in the Arctic), which may influence individuals at greater risk to extend summer foraging in a risky, yet prey rich, habitat. Our research provides further evidence that heterogeneity among individuals within a population can influence migratory behaviour and identifies potential risks to late season migrants in Arctic beaded stream habitats influenced by climate change and petroleum development. C1 [Heim, Kurt C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Whitman, Matthew S.] Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Seitz, Andrew C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Heim, KC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM kurtcheim@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Bureau of Land Management FX This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and completed in partial fulfilment of a Masters degree of Fisheries at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Thanks to J. Falke and two anonymous reviewers for comments on early drafts of this manuscript, J. Adams and J. McFarland who provided valuable guidance throughout the project, field technicians L. Flynn, N. Sather, L. Vanden Busch and S. Yocom, and to M. Heim for her continued encouragement. This study was performed under University of Alaska Fairbanks IACUC protocol #309893. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1111/eff.12199 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CY6LD UT WOS:000366519600014 ER PT J AU Flitcroft, RL Falke, JA Reeves, GH Hessburg, PF McNyset, KM Benda, LE AF Flitcroft, Rebecca L. Falke, Jeffrey A. Reeves, Gordon H. Hessburg, Paul F. McNyset, Kris M. Benda, Lee E. TI Wildfire may increase habitat quality for spring Chinook salmon in the Wenatchee River subbasin, WA, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Spring Chinook salmon; Watershed-scale; Population resilience; Bayesian model; Life stages ID OREGON COAST RANGE; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; STREAM TEMPERATURES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNITED-STATES; NATIVE FISHES AB Pacific Northwest salmonids are adapted to natural disturbance regimes that create dynamic habitat patterns over space and through time. However, human land use, particularly long-term fire suppression, has altered the intensity and frequency of wildfire in forested upland and riparian areas. To examine the potential impacts of wildfire on aquatic systems, we developed stream-reach-scale models of freshwater habitat for three life stages (adult, egg/fry, and juvenile) of spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Wenatchee River subbasin, Washington. We used variables representing pre- and post-fire habitat conditions and employed novel techniques to capture changes in in-stream fine sediment, wood, and water temperature. Watershed-scale comparisons of high-quality habitat for each life stage of spring Chinook salmon habitat suggested that there are smaller quantities of high-quality juvenile overwinter habitat as compared to habitat for other life stages. We found that wildfire has the potential to increase quality of adult and overwintering juvenile habitat through increased delivery of wood, while decreasing the quality of egg and fry habitat due to the introduction of fine sediments. Model results showed the largest effect of fire on habitat quality associated with the juvenile life stage, resulting in increases in high-quality habitat in all watersheds. Due to the limited availability of pre-fire high-quality juvenile habitat, and increased habitat quality for this life stage post-fire, occurrence of characteristic wildfires would likely create a positive effect on spring Chinook salmon habitat in the Wenatchee River subbasin. We also compared pre- and post-fire model results of freshwater habitat for each life stage, and for the geometric mean of habitat quality across all life stages, using current compared to the historic distribution of spring Chinook salmon. We found that spring Chinook salmon are currently distributed in stream channels in which in-stream habitat for most life stages has a consistently positive response to fire. This compares to the historic distribution of spring Chinook, in which in-stream habitat exhibited a variable response to fire, including decreases in habitat quality overall or for specific life stages. This suggests that as the distribution of spring Chinook has decreased, they now occupy those areas with the most positive potential response to fire. Our work shows the potentially positive link between wildfire and aquatic habitat that supports forest managers in setting broader goals for fire management, perhaps leading to less fire suppression in some situations. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Flitcroft, Rebecca L.; Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Falke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hessburg, Paul F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [McNyset, Kris M.] NOAA Affiliate, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Benda, Lee E.] Earth Syst Inst, Mt Shasta, CA 96067 USA. RP Flitcroft, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rflitcroft@fs.fed.us; jeffrey.Falke@alaska.edu; greeves@fs.fed.us; phessburg@fs.fed.us; Kristina.McNyset@noaa.gov; leebenda@terrainworks.com FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; USDA Forest Service FX Ken Vance-Borland, Kelly Christiansen, Kathryn Ronnenberg. Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest aquatic and terrestrial biologists, hydrologist, and foresters. Funding for much of this research came from the Joint Fire Sciences Program and the USDA Forest Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We also thank Robert Gresswell and two other anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. NR 113 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 359 BP 126 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.049 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CZ0IX UT WOS:000366789500015 ER PT J AU Mahoney, KR Russell, KR Ford, WM Rodrigue, JL Riddle, JD Schuler, TM Adams, MB AF Mahoney, Kathleen R. Russell, Kevin R. Ford, W. Mark Rodrigue, Jane L. Riddle, Jason D. Schuler, Thomas M. Adams, Mary Beth TI Woodland salamander responses to a shelterwood harvest-prescribed burn silvicultural treatment within Appalachian mixed-oak forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Plethodon ochrophaeus; Plethodon glutinosus; Plethodon cinereus; Timber harvest; Prescribed fire; Central Appalachians ID SHORT-TERM RESPONSE; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; HARDWOOD FOREST; FUEL REDUCTION; TIMBER HARVEST; NORTH-AMERICA; SMALL MAMMALS; FIRE; ABUNDANCE AB Forest management practices that mimic natural canopy disturbances, including prescribed fire and timber harvests, may reduce competition and facilitate establishment of favorable vegetative species within various ecosystems. Fire suppression in the central Appalachian region for almost a century has contributed to a transition from oak-dominated to more mesophytic, fire-intolerant forest communities. Prescribed fire coupled with timber removal is currently implemented to aid in oak regeneration and establishment but responses of woodland salamanders to this complex silvicultural system is poorly documented. The purpose of our research was to determine how woodland salamanders respond to shelter-wood harvests following successive burns in a central Appalachian mixed-oak forest. Woodland salamanders were surveyed using coverboard arrays in May, July, and August September 2011 and 2012. Surveys were conducted within fenced shelterwood-burn (prescribed fires, shelterwood harvest, and fencing to prevent white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus] herbivory), shelterwood-burn (prescribed fires and shelterwood harvest), and control plots. Relative abundance was modeled in relation to habitat variables measured within treatments for mountain dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus), slimy salamanders (Plethodon glutinosus), and eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). Mountain dusky salamander relative abundance was positively associated with canopy cover and there were significantly more individuals within controls than either shelterwood-burn or fenced shelterwood-burn treatments. Conversely, habitat variables associated with slimy salamanders and eastern red-backed salamanders did not differ among treatments. Salamander age-class structure within controls did not differ from shelterwood-burn or fenced shelterwood-burn treatments for any species. Overall, the woodland salamander assemblage remained relatively intact throughout the shelterwoodburn silvicultural treatment compared to previous research within the same study area that examined pre-harvest fire effects. However, because of the multi-faceted complexities of this specific silvicultural system, continued research is warranted that evaluates long-term, additive impacts on woodland salamanders within managed central Appalachian deciduous forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mahoney, Kathleen R.; Russell, Kevin R.; Riddle, Jason D.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rodrigue, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Schuler, Thomas M.; Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Mahoney, KR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM kmahoneyr@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point [11-JV-11242301-044] FX We thank Richard Hovatter, Donald Lowther, and Melissa Thomas-Van Gundy for their advice and assistance during the project. We also thank Kurt Moseley, Jessica Orlando, William Fields, Blake Hossack, and one anonymous reviewer for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. Our research was supported financially and logistically by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point through participating agreement #11-JV-11242301-044. All animals were handled according to a West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Scientific Collecting Permit and the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol #20131108. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 359 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.042 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CZ0IX UT WOS:000366789500029 ER PT J AU Mizukami, N Clark, MP Gutmann, ED Mendoza, PA Newman, AJ Nijssen, B Ben Livneh, Hay, LE Arnold, JR Brekke, LD AF Mizukami, Naoki Clark, Martyn P. Gutmann, Ethan D. Mendoza, Pablo A. Newman, Andrew J. Nijssen, Bart Ben Livneh Hay, Lauren E. Arnold, Jeffrey R. Brekke, Levi D. TI Implications of the Methodological Choices for Hydrologic Portrayals of Climate Change over the Contiguous United States: Statistically Downscaled Forcing Data and Hydrologic Models SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; SIERRA-NEVADA; LAND-SURFACE; WATER-RESOURCES; CHANGE IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; SCALE; PRECIPITATION AB Continental-domain assessments of climate change impacts on water resources typically rely on statistically downscaled climate model outputs to force hydrologic models at a finer spatial resolution. This study examines the effects of four statistical downscaling methods [bias-corrected constructed analog (BCCA), bias-corrected spatial disaggregation applied at daily (BCSDd) and monthly scales (BCSDm), and asynchronous regression (AR)] on retrospective hydrologic simulations using three hydrologic models with their default parameters (the Community Land Model, version 4.0; the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, version 4.1.2; and the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, version 3.0.4) over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Biases of hydrologic simulations forced by statistically downscaled climate data relative to the simulation with observation-based gridded data are presented. Each statistical downscaling method produces different meteorological portrayals including precipitation amount, wet-day frequency, and the energy input (i.e., shortwave radiation), and their interplay affects estimations of precipitation partitioning between evapotranspiration and runoff, extreme runoff, and hydrologic states (i.e., snow and soil moisture). The analyses show that BCCA underestimates annual precipitation by as much as -250 mm, leading to unreasonable hydrologic portrayals over the CONUS for all models. Although the other three statistical downscaling methods produce a comparable precipitation bias ranging from -10 to 8 mm across the CONUS, BCSDd severely overestimates the wet-day fraction by up to 0.25, leading to different precipitation partitioning compared to the simulations with other downscaled data. Overall, the choice of downscaling method contributes to less spread in runoff estimates (by a factor of 1.5-3) than the choice of hydrologic model with use of the default parameters if BCCA is excluded. C1 [Mizukami, Naoki; Clark, Martyn P.; Gutmann, Ethan D.; Mendoza, Pablo A.; Newman, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Nijssen, Bart] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ben Livneh] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hay, Lauren E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Arnold, Jeffrey R.] US Army Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA USA. [Brekke, Levi D.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ben Livneh] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mizukami, N (reprint author), NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mizukami@ucar.edu RI Mizukami, Naoki/J-7027-2015; Gutmann, Ethan/I-5728-2012; Nijssen, Bart/B-1013-2012 OI LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473; Gutmann, Ethan/0000-0003-4077-3430; Nijssen, Bart/0000-0002-4062-0322 FU U.S Bureau of Reclamation; U.S Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was financially supported by the U.S Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S Army Corps of Engineers. The authors thank Steven Markstrom, Steve Regan, and Roland Viger of the USGS for providing PRMS parameters and Youlong Xia and Justin Sheffield for providing VIC parameters. Finally, the authors are grateful to Stacey Archfield and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 99 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 73 EP 98 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0187.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9FH UT WOS:000367402700003 ER PT J AU Poff, NL Brown, CM Grantham, T Matthews, JH Palmer, MA Spence, CM Wilby, RL Haasnoot, M Mendoza, GF Dominique, KC Baeza, A AF Poff, N. LeRoy Brown, Casey M. Grantham, TheodoreE. Matthews, John H. Palmer, Margaret A. Spence, Caitlin M. Wilby, Robert L. Haasnoot, Marjolijn Mendoza, Guillermo F. Dominique, Kathleen C. Baeza, Andres TI Sustainable water management under future uncertainty with eco-engineering decision scaling SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; BASIC PRINCIPLES; CHANGING WORLD; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; RESILIENCE; ADAPTATION AB Managing freshwater resources sustainably under future climatic and hydrological uncertainty poses novel challenges. Rehabilitation of ageing infrastructure and construction of new dams are widely viewed as solutions to diminish climate risk, but attaining the broad goal of freshwater sustainability will require expansion of the prevailing water resources management paradigm beyond narrow economic criteria to include socially valued ecosystem functions and services. We introduce a new decision framework, eco-engineering decision scaling (EEDS), that explicitly and quantitatively explores trade-offs in stake-holder-defined engineering and ecological performance metrics across a range of possible management actions under unknown future hydrological and climate states. We illustrate its potential application through a hypothetical case study of the Iowa River, USA. EEDS holds promise as a powerful framework for operationalizing freshwater sustainability under future hydrological uncertainty by fostering collaboration across historically conflicting perspectives of water resource engineering and river conservation ecology to design and operate water infrastructure for social and environmental benefits. C1 [Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy; Spence, Caitlin M.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brown, Casey M.; Spence, Caitlin M.] Univ Massachusetts, Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Grantham, TheodoreE.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Matthews, John H.] Alliance Global Water Adaptat, Orlando, FL USA. [Palmer, Margaret A.] Univ Maryland, Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Wilby, Robert L.] Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Haasnoot, Marjolijn] Deltares, Dept Scenarios & Policy Anal, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Haasnoot, Marjolijn] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Technol Policy & Management, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Mendoza, Guillermo F.] US Army Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Dominique, Kathleen C.] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, F-75775 Paris, France. [Baeza, Andres] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Poff, NL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Mail 1878, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM NLeRoy.Poff@colostate.edu OI Haasnoot, Marjolijn/0000-0002-9062-4698; matthews, john/0000-0002-7005-2661 FU NSF CAREER Award [CBET-1054762]; National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under National Science Foundation [DBI-1052875] FX We acknowledge S. Steinschneider for developing the stochastic weather generator for the Iowa River Basin; S. Wi for the VIC hydrologic model development; D. LeFever for support in developing the reservoir systems model; and R. Olsen for his help in providing hydraulic modelling tools and economic information for the Coralville Lake flood control system. Special thanks to P. Clark for artwork in Fig. 1. Additional support for C.M.B. and C.M.S was provided by the NSF CAREER Award (CBET-1054762). The views in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the OECD or its member countries. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/) and we thank J. Friedman of the USGS for his constructive comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper resulted from a synthesis project funded by the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under National Science Foundation Award #DBI-1052875. NR 90 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 28 U2 78 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2765 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3UZ UT WOS:000367030800014 ER PT J AU Kelly, R Genet, H McGuire, AD Hu, FS AF Kelly, Ryan Genet, Helene McGuire, A. David Hu, Feng Sheng TI Palaeodata-informed modelling of large carbon losses from recent burning of boreal forests SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAST MILLENNIUM; ALASKA; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; CYCLE AB Wildfires play a key role in the boreal forest carbon cycle(1,2), and models suggest that accelerated burning will increase boreal C emissions in the coming century(3). However, these predictions may be compromised because brief observational records provide limited constraints to model initial conditions(4). We confronted this limitation by using palaeoenvironmental data to drive simulations of long-term C dynamics in the Alaskan boreal forest. Results show that fire was the dominant control on C cycling over the past millennium, with changes in fire frequency accounting for 84% of C stock variability. A recent rise in fire frequency inferred from the palaeorecord(5) led to simulated C losses of 1.4 kg Cm-2 (12% of ecosystem C stocks) from 1950 to 2006. In stark contrast, a small net C sink of 0.3 kg C m(-2) occurred if the past fire regime was assumed to be similar to the modern regime, as is common in models of C dynamics. Although boreal fire regimes are heterogeneous, recent trends(6) and future projections(7) point to increasing fire activity in response to climate warming throughout the biome. Thus, predictions(8) that terrestrial C sinks of northern high latitudes will mitigate rising atmospheric CO2 may be over-optimistic. C1 [Kelly, Ryan; Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Genet, Helene] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hu, FS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fshu@life.illinois.edu OI McGuire, Anthony/0000-0003-4646-0750 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC-0612366, ARC-1023477]; University of Illinois from a Graduate College Dissertation Completion Fellowship; School of Integrative Biology Enhancement Fund; Department of Plant Biology Graduate Research Enhancement Fund; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation; Department of Defense FX We gratefully acknowledge comments on this work from M.L. Chipman, E. S. Euskirchen, Y. Zhang, D. Devotta, M. Urban and M. Fernandez, and technical support from J. Jungclaus and D. Rice.This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants ARC-0612366 and ARC-1023477 (F.S.H.), by University of Illinois funding from a Graduate College Dissertation Completion Fellowship, the School of Integrative Biology Enhancement Fund, and the Department of Plant Biology Graduate Research Enhancement Fund, and by grants from the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Defense (A.D.M. and H.G.). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 79 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2832 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3UZ UT WOS:000367030800027 ER PT J AU Dundas, C AF Dundas, Colin TI PLANETARY SCIENCE Mars on dry ice SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEBRIS FLOWS; GULLIES AB Martian gullies have been seen as evidence for past surface water runoff. However, numerical modelling now suggests that accumulation and sublimation of carbon dioxide ice, rather than overland flow of liquid water, may be driving modern gully formation. C1 [Dundas, Colin] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dundas, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 10 EP 12 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6GX UT WOS:000367200300007 ER PT J AU Fleming, SW Hood, E Dahlke, HE O'Neel, S AF Fleming, S. W. Hood, E. Dahlke, H. E. O'Neel, S. TI Seasonal flows of international British Columbia-Alaska rivers: The nonlinear influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Hydroclimatology; Streamflow; ENSO; Arctic Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; North Pacific Gyre Oscillation ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GLACIER MASS-BALANCE; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STREAMFLOW VARIABILITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATER-RESOURCES; LA-NINA; ENSO; CANADA AB The northern portion of the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (PCTR) is one of the least anthropogenically modified regions on earth and remains in many respects a frontier area to science. Rivers crossing the northern PCTR, which is also an international boundary region between British Columbia, Canada and Alaska, USA, deliver large freshwater and biogeochemical fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and establish linkages between coastal and continental ecosystems. We evaluate interannual flow variability in three transboundary PCTR watersheds in response to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (EN SO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). Historical hydroclimatic datasets from both Canada and the USA are analyzed using an up-to-date methodological suite accommodating both seasonally transient and highly nonlinear teleconnections. We find that streamflow teleconnections occur over particular seasonal windows reflecting the intersection of specific atmospheric and terrestrial hydrologic processes. The strongest signal is a snowmelt-driven flow timing shift resulting from ENSO- and PDO-associated temperature anomalies. Autumn rainfall runoff is also modulated by these climate modes, and a glacier-mediated teleconnection contributes to a late-summer ENSO-flow association. Teleconnections between AO and freshet flows reflect corresponding temperature and precipitation anomalies. A coherent NPGO signal is not clearly evident in streamflow. Linear and monotonically nonlinear teleconnections were widely identified, with less evidence for the parabolic effects that can play an important role elsewhere. The streamflow teleconnections did not vary greatly between hydrometric stations, presumably reflecting broad similarities in watershed characteristics. These results establish a regional foundation for both transboundary water management and studies of long-term hydroclimatic and environmental change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fleming, S. W.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Div Sci, Environm Sci R&D Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hood, E.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci & Geog Program, Juneau, AK USA. [Dahlke, H. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [O'Neel, S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Fleming, S. W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Fleming, S. W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dahlke, HE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave,PES 1110, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sfleming@eos.ubc.ca; ewhood@uas.alaska.edu; hdahlke@ucdavis.edu; soneel@usgs.gov RI Dahlke, Helen/A-5561-2012 OI Dahlke, Helen/0000-0001-8757-6982 FU Alaska Climate Science Center FX The streamflow data used in this study are available online from the US Geological Survey (USGS) at waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/sw and Water Survey of Canada (WSC) at www.cc.gc.ca/rhc-wsc. Meteorological time series data are publicly available from the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) at www ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo- web and Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) at www.ec.gc.ca/dccha-ahccd. We thank Ed Neal and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. E.H. and S.O. were supported by the Alaska Climate Science Center. Parts of this work were produced by Crown authors and authors of the U.S. government. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 87 BP 42 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.10.007 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CY8GU UT WOS:000366647600004 ER PT J AU Buscombe, D AF Buscombe, Daniel TI Spatially explicit spectral analysis of point clouds and geospatial data SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Point cloud; Spectral analysis; Geospatial analysis; Roughness; Texture; Remote sensing ID STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; TOPOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; FRACTAL DIMENSION; COLORADO RIVER; BED ROUGHNESS; RADAR DATA AB The increasing use of spatially explicit analyses of high-resolution spatially distributed data (imagery and point clouds) for the purposes of characterising spatial heterogeneity in geophysical phenomena necessitates the development of custom analytical and computational tools. In recent years, such analyses have become the basis of, for example, automated texture characterisation and segmentation, roughness and grain size calculation, and feature detection and classification, from a variety of data types. In this work, much use has been made of statistical descriptors of localised spatial variations in amplitude variance (roughness), however the horizontal scale (wavelength) and spacing of roughness elements is rarely considered. This is despite the fact that the ratio of characteristic vertical to horizontal scales is not constant and can yield important information about physical scaling relationships. Spectral analysis is a hitherto under-utilised but powerful means to acquire statistical information about relevant amplitude and wavelength scales, simultaneously and with computational efficiency. Further, quantifying spatially distributed data in the frequency domain lends itself to the development of stochastic models for probing the underlying mechanisms which govern the spatial distribution of geological and geophysical phenomena. The software package PySESA (Python program for Spatially Explicit Spectral Analysis) has been developed for generic analyses of spatially distributed data in both the spatial and frequency domains. Developed predominantly in Python, it accesses libraries written in Cython and c++ for efficiency. It is open source and modular, therefore readily incorporated into, and combined with, other data analysis tools and frameworks with particular utility for supporting research in the fields of geomorphology, geophysics, hydrography, photogrammetry and remote sensing. The analytical and computational structure of the toolbox is described, and its functionality illustrated with an example of a high-resolution bathymetric point cloud data collected with multibeam echosounder. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buscombe, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dbuscombe@usgs.gov FU Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX This work was funded by the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. Thanks to Matt Kaplinski, Erich Mueller and Bob Tusso for helping collect the field data, and Paul Grams for helpful discussions. NR 124 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 86 BP 92 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2015.10.004 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA CZ0BQ UT WOS:000366770500010 ER PT J AU Yang, LQ Deng, J Wang, ZL Zhang, L Goldfarb, RJ Yuan, WM Weinberg, RF Zhang, RZ AF Yang, Li-Qiang Deng, Jun Wang, Zhong-Liang Zhang, Liang Goldfarb, Richard J. Yuan, Wan-Ming Weinberg, Roberto F. Zhang, Rui-Zhong TI Thermochronologic constraints on evolution of the Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex and implications for gold mineralization: A case study from the Xiadian gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Fission track thermochronology; Gold mineralization; Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex; Xiadian gold deposit; Jiaodong Peninsula China ID ZIRCON U-PB; MESOZOIC EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; NORTH CHINA; FISSION-TRACK; SHANDONG PROVINCE; CONTINENTAL EXTENSION; FLUID INCLUSIONS; CLOSURE TEMPERATURE; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; CRATON AB The NNE-trending Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex hosts the majority of the gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula of eastern China. Many of the deposits are hosted by the 163-155 Ma Linglong granite in the footwall of the Linglong detachment fault. Argon thermochronology suggests that the granite had cooled to 400 degrees C by 143 +/- 1.5 Ma possibly as a result of normal movement on the detachment. Nine zircon fission track (ZFF) ages from samples collected along a NW-SE transect perpendicular to the central part of the Linglong detachment fault at the -652 m level in the Xiadian deposit constrain the subsequent thermal evolution of Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex, which overlapped the period of major gold deposition. The ZFT ages vary from 136.9 +/- 33 Ma (1 sigma) to 130.1 +/- 2.2 Ma (1 sigma). The unaltered Linglong granite in the footwall and amphibolite in the hangingwall have similar ages at 136.9 +/- 3.3 Ma (1 sigma) and 135.0 +/- 3.0 Ma (1 sigma), whereas ages for the disseminated- and stockwork-style ores appear to be younger at ca. 131-130 Ma, although there is an overlap of ages when considering the 1 sigma precision. Interestingly, ZFT ages show no marked differences between the hangingwall and footwall of the Linglong detachment fault, although significant movement along the fault occurred. The results are best interpreted to indicate that the Linglong granite was emplaced at similar to 160 Ma, and cooled to 240 +/- 50 degrees C at similar to 135 Ma, as recorded by unaltered rocks in the footwall. Hydrothermal alteration along the Linglong detachment fault led to annealing of zircon fission tracks and the consistent younger ages of similar to 131 Ma. Quartz aggregates associated with gold mineralization show evidence of recrystallization suggesting that the hydrothermal event was initiated at temperatures of at least 300-350 degrees C, near the brittle-ductile transition, but cooled rapidly to ZFT closure temperatures within a country-rock environment that was already relatively cool. Therefore these ZFT ages suggest that the timing of mineralization at the Xiadian deposit was post-135 Ma and likely very close to 131 Ma. The mineralization and cooling occurred in the footwall of a major detachment fault under an extensional regime, possibly related to the progressive slab rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate, and controlled by the Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Li-Qiang; Deng, Jun; Wang, Zhong-Liang; Zhang, Liang; Goldfarb, Richard J.; Yuan, Wan-Ming; Zhang, Rui-Zhong] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Liang; Weinberg, Roberto F.] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zhang, Rui-Zhong] Zhaoyuan Gold Min Stock Co Ltd, Zhaoyuan 265415, Peoples R China. RP Yang, LQ (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, 29 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM lqyang@cugb.edu.cn OI weinberg, roberto/0000-0001-9420-8918 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41230311]; National Science and Technology Support Program of China [2011BAB04B09]; geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey [12120114034901]; 111 Project [B07011]; CSC Scholarship Program of China [201406400008, 201506400079] FX Insightful and thorough reviews by three anonymous referees and excellent comments and support from Professor Barry Kohn and Doctor Guangwei Li at Melbourne University have helped us improve the paper significantly. We thank Tony Cockbain for his assistance with editing of the text This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41230311), the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (Grant No. 2011BAB04B09), the geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 12120114034901), the 111 Project (Grant No. B07011) and the CSC Scholarship Program of China (File Nos. 201406400008 and 201506400079). NR 104 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 72 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.07.006 PN 1 PG 14 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA CY3YF UT WOS:000366345100010 ER PT J AU Meyers, P Kvenvolden, K AF Meyers, Phil Kvenvolden, Keith TI A tribute to Lloyd Snowdon SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Meyers, Phil] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kvenvolden, Keith] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Meyers, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 91 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.11.003 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CY9CX UT WOS:000366706100001 ER PT J AU Roelke, DL Barkoh, A Brooks, BW Grover, JP Hambright, KD LaClaire, JW Moeller, PDR Patino, R AF Roelke, Daniel L. Barkoh, Aaron Brooks, Bryan W. Grover, James P. Hambright, K. David LaClaire, John W., II Moeller, Peter D. R. Patino, Reynaldo TI A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th workshop of the International Association for Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP) CY SEP 14-21, 2014 CL Kastoria, GREECE DE Prymnesium parvum; Harmful algal bloom; Geographic spread ID DIFFERENT NUTRIENT CONDITIONS; FATTY-ACID AMIDES; TOXIC HAPTOPHYTE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HARMFUL ALGA; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; PATELLIFERUM HAPTOPHYTA; MESOCOSM EXPERIMENTS; EURYTEMORA-AFFINIS AB Since the mid-1980s, fish-killing blooms of Prymnesium parvum spread throughout the USA. In the south central USA, P. parvum blooms have commonly spanned hundreds of kilometers. There is much evidence that physiological stress brought on by inorganic nutrient limitation enhances toxicity. Other factors influence toxin production as well, such as stress experienced at low salinity and temperature. A better understanding of toxin production by P. parvum remains elusive and the identities and functions of chemicals produced are unclear. This limits our understanding of factors that facilitated the spread of P. parvum blooms. In the south central USA, not only is there evidence that the spread of blooms was controlled, in part, by migration limitation. But there are also observations that suggest changed environmental conditions, primarily salinity, facilitated the spread of blooms. Other factors that might have played a role include altered hydrology and nutrient loading. Changes in water hardness, herbicide use, system pH, and the presence of toxin-resistant and/or P. parvum-inhibiting plankton may also have played a role. Management of P. parvum in natural systems has yet to be attempted, but may be guided by successes achieved in small impoundments and mesocosm experiments that employed various chemical and hydraulic control approaches. C1 [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barkoh, Aaron] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Inland Fisheries Div, Mt Home, TX 78058 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Program Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX USA. [Hambright, K. David] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [LaClaire, John W., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mol Biosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu RI Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Hambright, Karl/D-4086-2012; OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; Grover, James/0000-0003-2425-6927 FU Texas AM University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Baylor University; University of Texas at Arlington; University of Oklahoma; University of Texas at Austin; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; Texas Tech University; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX These sorts of unfunded writing projects actually do require funding, and the co-authors are grateful to their institutes for the indirect support received as part of their position responsibilities. Those institutes are Texas A&M University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Baylor University, University of Texas at Arlington, University of Oklahoma, University of Texas at Austin, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (which is jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). NR 161 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 17 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2016 VL 764 IS 1 BP 29 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2273-6 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CX5FM UT WOS:000365727500003 ER PT J AU Roelke, DL Barkoh, A Brooks, BW Grover, JP Hambright, KD LaClaire, JW Moeller, PDR Patino, R AF Roelke, Daniel L. Barkoh, Aaron Brooks, Bryan W. Grover, James P. Hambright, K. David LaClaire, John W., II Moeller, Peter D. R. Patino, Reynaldo TI A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms (vol 764, pg 29, 2016) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Correction C1 [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barkoh, Aaron] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Inland Fisheries Div, Mt Home, TX 78058 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Arlington, Program Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX USA. [Hambright, K. David] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [LaClaire, John W., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mol Biosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2016 VL 764 IS 1 BP 51 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2477-9 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CX5FM UT WOS:000365727500004 ER PT J AU Armenio, PM Mayer, CM Heckathorn, SA Bridgeman, TB Panek, SE AF Armenio, Patricia M. Mayer, Christine M. Heckathorn, Scott A. Bridgeman, Thomas B. Panek, Sarah E. TI Resource contributions from dreissenid mussels to the benthic algae Lyngbya wollei (Cyanobacteria) and Cladophora glomerata (Chlorophyta) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Nutrient; Phosphorus; Algal bloom; Quagga mussels; Zebra mussels; Lake Erie ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER; ZEBRA MUSSEL; SAGINAW BAY; PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION; ONEIDA LAKE; POLYMORPHA; GROWTH; IMPACTS AB Dreissena spp. (zebra and quagga mussels) are invasive to North America and increase light to the benthos, provide hard structure for algal attachment, and may contribute limiting nutrients to benthic algae, thereby facilitating algal blooms. We conducted experiments to determine how Dreissena affect nutrient stoichiometry and growth of Lyngbya wollei and Cladophora glomerata, two benthic algal species recently increasing in biomass in parts of the Laurentian Great Lakes, combined with a field survey to determine the likelihood of L. wollei co-occurrence with Dreissena. L. wollei had a significantly higher concentration of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur when grown with live Dreissena. C. glomerata had greater biomass in tanks with live Dreissena, but did not have significant increases in nutrient concentration like L. wollei did. Neither algal species increased in growth due to the added structure of Dreissena shells. L. wollei biomass was greater in the presence of Dreissena during 1 year (of two) of our field survey. This field survey also showed that L. wollei and Dreissena are likely to co-occur. These results suggest that Dreissena provide several nutrients to benthic algae, and these added resources can promote algal growth and consequently blooms. C1 [Armenio, Patricia M.; Mayer, Christine M.; Bridgeman, Thomas B.; Panek, Sarah E.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Armenio, Patricia M.; Mayer, Christine M.; Bridgeman, Thomas B.; Panek, Sarah E.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Heckathorn, Scott A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Armenio, PM (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM pcope@rockets.utoledo.edu OI Armenio, Patricia M./0000-0003-1686-2679 FU Ohio Lake Erie Commission Lake Erie Protection Fund FX We would like to thank Dr. Rex Lowe for suggestions during this project, Dr. Jonathan Frantz and the USDA-ARS team at UT for analyzing samples for nutrient content, and Mike Bur and Patrick Kocovsky from USGS for the collection of zebra and quagga mussels. We also wish to thank the Mayer, Bridgeman, and Bossenbroek labs at the University of Toledo for providing lab and field assistance as well as providing constructive comments. Anonymous reviewers were also helpful in the improvement of this manuscript. This research was supported in part by an Ohio Lake Erie Commission Lake Erie Protection Fund Grant to C. Mayer and P. Armenio. This is Contribution Number 2015-04 of the University of Toledo, Lake Erie Center. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2016 VL 763 IS 1 BP 35 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2357-3 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CX5FD UT WOS:000365726600004 ER PT J AU Maharjan, GR Ruidisch, M Shope, CL Choi, K Huwe, B Kim, SJ Tenhunen, J Arnhold, S AF Maharjan, Ganga Ram Ruidisch, Marianne Shope, Christopher L. Choi, Kwanghun Huwe, Bernd Kim, Seong Joon Tenhunen, John Arnhold, Sebastian TI Assessing the effectiveness of split fertilization and cover crop cultivation in order to conserve soil and water resources and improve crop productivity SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BMP; Cover crop; Crop yield; Intensive agriculture; Monsoon; Nitrate loss; Sediment loss; Split fertilization ID SWAT MODEL; SOUTH-KOREA; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIBRATION; QUALITY; EROSION AB Intensive agricultural practices implemented to secure increased crop yields have potentially negative environmental effects due to the generation of sediment and nutrients from agricultural fields. The mon-soon climate and current agricultural practices on mountainous landscapes of the Haean catchment in South Korea have significantly affected water quality by transporting sediment and nutrients to downstream water bodies. The aim of this study is to suggest strategies for a permanent reduction of sediment and nitrate from this catchment through an efficient application of best management practices (BMPs). We applied three BMPs; split fertilizer application (SF), winter cover crop cultivation (CC), and a combination of the two (SFCC) to major dryland crops (cabbage, potato, radish and soybean) in order to investigate their effectiveness at the catchment scale through the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. We found that the SF scenario reduced nitrate pollution while sediment and crop yield did not change relative to the baseline (BL) scenario. The application of the CC scenario reduces both sediment and nitrate load while crop yields increased. The combination of split fertilization and cover cropping (SFCC) showed the highest positive effect on reducing sediment and nitrate and increasing crop yields compared to a single application. We estimated the variability in the effectiveness of BMPs for major crop types and could demonstrate that specific sites and crop types, such as soybean, were less influential in reducing sediment and nitrate loads. Those sites and crops could be considered for additional BMP measures to mitigate water deterioration by target pollutants. Recommendations for BMP applications should also consider minor crops and other land use types in order to reduce overall water pollution and efficiently improve crop yields in this catchment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maharjan, Ganga Ram; Huwe, Bernd; Arnhold, Sebastian] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Ruidisch, Marianne; Tenhunen, John] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Ecol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Shope, Christopher L.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Choi, Kwanghun] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Biogeog Modelling, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Kim, Seong Joon] Konkuk Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Syst Engn, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Arnhold, Sebastian] Univ Bayreuth, Ecol Serv, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Maharjan, GR (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Phys, Univ Str 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM mhjgangaram@gmail.com RI Shope, Christopher/A-2931-2013; OI Shope, Christopher/0000-0003-3277-0811; Arnhold, Sebastian/0000-0003-4823-4570 FU International Research Training Group TERRECO - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth [GRK 1565/1] FX The authors highly acknowledge Jong-Yoon Park, Rim Ha, and Sora Ahn from the Dept. of Civil and Environmental System Engineering, Kunkuk University, for their valuable suggestions during the early stage of the model setup and simulation. The provision of field measurement data by Svenja Bartsch for model calibration and validation is also highly appreciated. The research work supported by the International Research Training Group TERRECO (GRK 1565/1) funded through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth is greatly acknowledged. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 163 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.10.005 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA CX0HB UT WOS:000365376400030 ER PT J AU Breyta, R Samson, C Blair, M Black, A Kurath, G AF Breyta, Rachel Samson, Corie Blair, Marilyn Black, Allison Kurath, Gael TI Successful mitigation of viral disease based on a delayed exposure rearing strategy at a large-scale steelhead trout conservation hatchery SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE IHNV; Steelhead trout; Chinook salmon; Water supply security; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; Fish disease; Fish hatchery disease ID INFECTIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; INCUBATION BOXES; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; VIRULENCE; RIVER AB In 2009, the largest steelhead trout conservation hatchery in the state of Idaho, Dworshak National Fish Hatchery (NFH), lost over 50% of the juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population being reared for release. The causative agent of this high mortality was the viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). This was neither the first nor the worst epidemic of IHNV to occur at the hatchery, but it was the worst in over a decade. Genetic analysis of IHNV isolates taken from juveniles suffering epidemic IHN disease in 2009 revealed that the virus was of the M group of IHNV viruses, known to have high virulence for trout. The water supply for steelhead trout rearing at Dworshak NFH is untreated water taken directly from the Clearwater River. Further genetic analysis of IHNV isolates from adults spawned in 2009 indicated that adult steelhead trout in the river (in the hatchery water supply) were the most probable transmission source for the epidemic IHN disease in the juvenile fish. Previously, Dworshak NFH had been able to gain access to reservoir water from behind the Dworshak Dam for nursery egg incubation and the earliest stage of fry rearing, which nearly eliminated incidence of IHN disease in that stage of rearing. Additionally, the nearby Clearwater State Fish Hatchery (SFH), which operates entirely with reservoir water, has never had a case of IHN disease in juvenile steelhead trout. Therefore, staff at Dworshak NFH sought and obtained access to a limited supply of reservoir water for the first few months of outdoor rearing of juvenile steelhead trout, beginning in 2010. This strategy delayed the exposure of juvenile steelhead trout to river water for several months. The effects of this program change were: drastic reduction in IHN disease in juvenile steelhead trout; interruption in the transmission of highly virulent M group IHNV from adult steelhead trout; no interruption in the transmission of low virulent U group IHNV from adult Chinook salmon; and a shift of IHNV types in adult fish spawned at Dworshak NFH in subsequent years from M to U group viruses. While juvenile steelhead trout may still be infected via exposure to IHNV in river water, the disruption of virulent M group IHNV has been successful in dramatically reducing IHN disease in steelhead trout every year since 2010. Statement of relevance: Effective reduction of severe mortality due to IHNV. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Breyta, Rachel; Black, Allison; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Breyta, Rachel] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Samson, Corie; Blair, Marilyn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fish Hlth Ctr, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Black, Allison] Univ Washington, Inst Publ Hlth Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Breyta, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rbjmax@uw.edu OI Black, Allison/0000-0002-6618-4127 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)-USGS Science Support Partnership [FWINS2279]; USFWS FONS program [IFHC-USGS IA2012] FX Many thanks to partners in the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, for supplying virus field isolates for genetic typing; to retired USFWS staff Kathy Clemens for historical material; and to Jim Winton for historical material and manuscript review. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, in-kind), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)-USGS Science Support Partnership (project # FWINS2279), and the USFWS FONS program (project #IFHC-USGS IA2012). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All animal handling was performed at the described hatcheries, according to ethical standard virology protocols and with the approval of Clearwater Basin co-managers. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 450 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.014 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW2WO UT WOS:000364854000030 ER PT J AU Emmenegger, EJ Sanders, GE Conway, CM Binkowski, FP Winton, JR Kurath, G AF Emmenegger, Eveline J. Sanders, George E. Conway, Carla M. Binkowski, Fred P. Winton, James R. Kurath, Gael TI Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV); Salmon; Perch; Susceptibility; Exotic virus; Host adaptation ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; PIKE FRY RHABDOVIRUS; RUTILUS-FRISII-KUTUM; CASPIAN WHITE FISH; EPC CELL-LINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; COMMON CARP; YELLOW PERCH; 1ST REPORT AB Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdoviral pathogen associated with disease outbreaks in cultured and wild fish worldwide. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio carp), and koi (C. carpio koi) suffer the highest mortalities from SVCV infections, while other cyprinid fish species have varying susceptibility. Although salmonid fish typically are considered refractory to infection by SVCV, there have been a few reports suggesting infection has occurred in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). There have been no reports of Percid fish being infected with SVCV. Since the first North American outbreak of SVCV at a North Carolina koi farm in 2002 there have been eight subsequent detections or outbreaks of SVCV among fish species from the families of Cyprinidae and Centrarchidae within the US and Canada. Thus, this exotic virus is considered a potential threat to native and cultured fish populations in North America. We performed multiple experimental challenges with fish species from three families (Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, and Percidae) to identify the potential risk associated with SVCV exposure of resident fish populations in North America. Three salmonid species, rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka), were challenged by immersion or injection with the North Carolina SVCV isolate. Two cyprinid species, koi and fathead minnow(Pimephales promelas) and one percid species, yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were also challenged. Koi were highly susceptible to SVCV up to 11 months of age and fathead minnows had chronic disease expression with moderate mortality (29%). SVCV also induced moderate mortalities (33%) in yellow perch fry. Virus challenged salmonid fish had cumulative percent mortalities ranging from 0 to 100%, with sockeye salmon fry being the most vulnerable. A sub-sample of mortalities and survivors were screened for virus by plaque assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In general, all mortalities tested positive for SVCV with high viral titers while survivors had variable persistence of SVCV with overall lower virus titers. Our SVCV challenges of multiple North American fish species suggested that host age is a key factor in determining disease outcome. Other factors, such as fish broodstock, virus strain, water temperature, and rearing conditions in association with the intrinsic level of species susceptibility may also impact infection dynamics. This is the first report of SVCV infecting a species (yellow perch) in the family Percidae and that sockeye salmon fry can suffer similarly high mortalities as the primary SVCV host species. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Emmenegger, Eveline J.; Conway, Carla M.; Winton, James R.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dept Interior, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Hlth Sci Ctr T 160, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Binkowski, Fred P.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. RP Emmenegger, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dept Interior, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eemmenegger@usgs.gov FU USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership Program; US Geological Survey FX Many thanks to Andy Goodwin of US Fish & Wildlife Service for providing fathead minnows and the NC SVCV isolate. Joel Burkhard of Pan Inter Corp. for his generosity in giving us so many koi that we could perform multiple SVCV challenges. Wendy Olson of US Fish & Wildlife Service and Rick Goetz of NOAA for supplying us with the older yellow perch. Maureen Purcell of the WFRC for letting us have some of her Chinook salmon. Scott LaPatra of Clear Springs Inc. for supporting our research endeavors and in particular for making available his rainbow trout for testing. Thanks to Joan Thomas of the Washington Dept. of Fish & Wildlife for her assistance in procuring the Cedar River sockeye for this experiment. Bill Batts for sharing his vast technical knowledge. This research was funded in part by the USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership Program and by the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 450 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CW2WO UT WOS:000364854000037 ER PT J AU Alexander, HD Moczygemba, J Dick, K AF Alexander, Heather D. Moczygemba, Jonathan Dick, Krysten TI Growth and survival of thornscrub forest seedlings in response to restoration strategies aimed at alleviating abiotic and biotic stressors SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Thornscrub forest; Semi-arid; Revegetation; Seedling; Fire; Herbicide; Mowing; Shelter tube ID SOUTH TEXAS; TAMAULIPAN THORNSCRUB; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT; LEOPARDUS-PARDALIS; WEED-CONTROL; HABITAT USE; ECOSYSTEM; ESTABLISHMENT; BIODIVERSITY; OCELOTS AB Semi-arid thornscrub forests occur throughout South Texas and northeastern Mexico and provide habitat for numerous fauna, including the Federally-endangered ocelot. However, <2% of original thornscrub remains due to land conversion for human use. One attempt underway to restore thornscrub habitat around core ocelot populations in South Texas is the planting of thornscrub seedlings in old agricultural fields. However, growth and survival post-planting and effectiveness of restoration strategies to overcome common stressors (e.g., competition, herbivory, and drought) have not been evaluated. In March 2011, we initiated a pilot study to assess seedling growth and survival in response to pre-planting prescribed fire, mowing, herbicide, and shelter tubes aimed at alleviating stressors including invasive grass cover and herbivore browse. We found that a single pre-planting prescribed fire promoted invasive grass cover; mowing had no effect. Glyphosate reduced invasive grass cover, but acetic acid/orange oil was ineffective. Seedlings in fire plots were tallest with the largest basal diameters despite greater invasive grass cover. Shelter tubes promoted height growth, reduced browse, and increased survival. This research will help managers decide which restoration techniques most effectively reduce thornscrub seedling stressors and promote growth and survival. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dick, Krysten] Univ Texas Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Moczygemba, Jonathan; Dick, Krysten] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laguna Atascosa Natl Wildlife Refuge, Los Fresnos, TX 78566 USA. [Alexander, Heather D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Alexander, HD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM heather.alexander@msstate.edu FU Rana Faculty Fellowship; Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge FX Thanks to Eric Verderber, Aaron White, Soraya Delgado, Parker Watson, Ida Prado, and Priscilla Ruvalcaba for field assistance. Funding and in-kind support were provided by the Rana Faculty Fellowship, Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation, and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 124 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.06.014 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4OA UT WOS:000364245200021 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Wiele, SM Pool, DR AF Tillman, F. D. Wiele, S. M. Pool, D. R. TI A comparison of estimates of basin-scale soil-moisture evapotranspiration and estimates of riparian groundwater evapotranspiration with implications for water budgets in the Verde Valley, Central Arizona, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Groundwater management; Geographic information systems; Arid regions ID ENHANCED VEGETATION INDEX; STAND-REPLACING FIRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; FLUXES; CARBON; MODIS AB Population growth in the Verde Valley in Arizona has led to efforts to better understand water availability in the watershed. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical factor in estimating groundwater recharge in the area and a substantial component of the groundwater budget. In this study, two estimates of soil-moisture ET and two estimates of groundwater ET in the Verde Valley are presented and discussed. Basin-scale soil-moisture potential ET (PET) estimates from the soil-water balance (SWB) and basin characteristics model (BCM) groundwater recharge models are compared. Separately, riparian groundwater ET estimated from a method that uses MODIS-EVI remote sensing data and geospatial information, and from the MODFLOW-EVT ET package as part of a regional groundwater-flow model that includes the study area, are also discussed. Somewhat higher PET rates from the SWB recharge model resulted in an average annual ET volume about 17% greater than for PET from the BCM recharge model. For groundwater ET estimates, annual ET volumes were about the same for upper-bound MODIS-EVI ET for perennial reaches of streams as for the MODFLOW ET estimates, with the small differences between the two methods having minimal impact on annual or longer groundwater budgets for the study area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tillman, F. D.; Wiele, S. M.; Pool, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Ste 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 124 BP 278 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.09.005 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4OA UT WOS:000364245200032 ER PT J AU Tagestad, J Brooks, M Cullinan, V Downs, J McKinley, R AF Tagestad, Jerry Brooks, Matthew Cullinan, Valerie Downs, Janelle McKinley, Randy TI Precipitation regime classification for the Mojave Desert: Implications for fire occurrence SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Vegetation; Seasonality; Burn; Lightning; Climate; Drought ID SOUTHERN NEVADA; ECOSYSTEM; TRANSITION; VEGETATION; HISTORY AB Long periods of drought or above-average precipitation affect Mojave Desert vegetation condition, biomass and susceptibility to fire. Changes in the seasonality of precipitation alter the likelihood of lightning, a key ignition source for fires. The objectives of this study were to characterize the relationship between recent, historic, and future precipitation patterns and fire. Classifying monthly precipitation data from 1971 to 2010 reveals four precipitation regimes: low winter/low summer, moderate winter/moderate summer, high winter/low summer and high winter/high summer. Two regimes with summer monsoonal precipitation covered only 40% of the Mojave Desert ecoregion but contain 88% of the area burned and 95% of the repeat burn area. Classifying historic precipitation for early-century (wet) and mid-century (drought) periods reveals distinct shifts in regime boundaries. Early-century results are similar to current, while the mid-century results show a sizeable reduction in area of regimes with a strong monsoonal component. Such a shift would suggest that fires during the mid-century period would be minimal and anecdotal records confirm this. Predicted precipitation patterns from downscaled global climate models indicate numerous epochs of high winter precipitation, inferring higher fire potential for many multi-decade periods during the next century. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tagestad, Jerry; Cullinan, Valerie; Downs, Janelle] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Brooks, Matthew; McKinley, Randy] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Tagestad, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerry.tagestad@pnnl.gov FU Department of Defense, SERDP program [RC-1723]; U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Program FX This study was supported by funding from the Department of Defense, SERDP program Project Number RC-1723, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Program. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 124 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.09.002 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4OA UT WOS:000364245200042 ER PT J AU Berry, KH Weigand, JF Gowan, TA Mack, JS AF Berry, Kristin H. Weigand, James F. Gowan, Timothy A. Mack, Jeremy S. TI Bidirectional recovery patterns of Mojave Desert vegetation in an aqueduct pipeline corridor after 36 years: I. Perennial shrubs and grasses SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Linear disturbance; Succession; Larrea tridentata; Ambrosia dumosa; Ericameria nauseosa; Ambrosia salsola ID BUSH LARREA-TRIDENTATA; PLANT SUCCESSION; MONTE DESERT; COMMUNITIES; DROUGHT; USA; CONSTRUCTION; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; STABILITY AB We studied recovery of 21 perennial plant species along a severely disturbed aqueduct corridor in a Larrea tridentata-Ambrosia dumosa plant alliance in the Mojave Desert 36 years after construction. The 97-m wide corridor contained a central dirt road and buried aqueduct pipeline. We established transects at 0 m (road verge), 20 m and 40 m into the disturbance corridor, and at 100 m in undisturbed habitat (the control). Although total numbers of shrubs per transect did not vary significantly with distance from the verge, canopy cover of shrubs, species richness, and species diversity were higher in the control than at the verge and other distances. Canopy cover of common shrubs (Ericameria nauseosa, Ambrosia salsola, A. dumosa, L. tridentata, Grayia spinosa) and perennial grasses (Elymus elymoides, Poa secunda) also varied significantly by location. Discriminant analysis clearly separated the four distances based on plant composition. Patterns of recovery were bidirectional: secondary succession from the control into the disturbance corridor and inhibition from the verge in the direction of the control. Time estimated for species composition to resemble the control is dependent on location within the disturbance corridor and could be centuries at the road verge. Our findings have applications to other deserts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Berry, Kristin H.; Gowan, Timothy A.; Mack, Jeremy S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Weigand, James F.] US Bur Land Management, Calif State Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 21803 Cactus Ave,Suite F, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov; jweigand@blm.gov; tim.gowan@myfwc.com; jmack@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Bureau of Land Management; California Department of Parks and Recreation, Off Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division [OR-1-SW-28] FX We thank W. Chambers for providing historical documents on land uses in the region and B. Kay provided photographs and negatives of the second Los Angeles aqueduct and original copies of his work. D.P. Oldershaw repeated B. Kay's photographs, helping to locate appropriate study sites. J. Yee, M.L. Brooks, E. Warner, and S. Jones provided constructive reviews. D. La Berteaux, S. Moore and D. Kearns assisted in the field. The U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, and California Department of Parks and Recreation, Off Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division (OR-1-SW-28) funded this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 124 BP 413 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.03.004 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4OA UT WOS:000364245200044 ER PT J AU Naing, H Fuller, TK Sievert, PR Randhir, TO Po, SHT Maung, M Lynam, AJ Htun, S Thaw, WN Myint, T AF Naing, Hla Fuller, Todd K. Sievert, Paul R. Randhir, Timothy O. Po, Saw Htoo Tha Maung, Myint Lynam, Antony J. Htun, Saw Thaw, Win Naing Myint, Than TI Assessing large mammal and bird richness from camera-trap records in the Hukaung Valley of Northern Myanmar SO RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; anthropogenic; biodiversity; distribution; Southeast Asia; wildlife ID PHOTOGRAPHIC RATES; ESTIMATE DENSITIES; CRYPTIC MAMMALS; TIGERS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; CARNIVORES; PREY AB Myanmar is regarded as a last frontier of biodiversity in Asia. We used results from camera-traps set for tigers (Panthera tigris) during 2001-2011 in the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary of northern Myanmar to assess overall species richness of large mammals and birds, and to identify differences in species detection rates spatially and temporally. We deployed 403 camera stations during the dry seasons, October-July, of 2001-2011, placing 260 in the Core area (similar to 1,800 km(2)) and 143 in the Extension area (similar to 15,500 km(2)). From 10,750 trap-nights we obtained 2,077 independent photographs of wildlife species and 645 of humans. Wildlife included 35 species of mammals (19 carnivores, four primates, one elephant, six even-toed ungulates, one pangolin, and four rodents) and 16 species of birds. Of these, one is considered Critically Endangered, seven are Endangered, 11 are Vulnerable, and 5 are Near Threatened. Some species that probably occur in the Sanctuary (e.g., arboreal or semi-aquatic mammals) were not recorded, likely because of camera placement or rarity. In total, 48 species of wildlife were recorded in the Core area, while only 33 species were detected in the Extension area. Roughly half of the photographs were of poachers, villagers, and park rangers. The greater diversity of wildlife in the Core area may be partly due to increased patrol efforts, but is most likely due to differences in elevation, slope, density of streams, trails, and roads, and vegetation, all of which influence access to poachers. The decline in detection of tigers in the Core area, and several of their prey species, during this decade-long study suggests a need for increased management of human activities in order to conserve wildlife diversity in the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary. C1 [Naing, Hla; Fuller, Todd K.; Randhir, Timothy O.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Naing, Hla; Po, Saw Htoo Tha; Htun, Saw; Myint, Than] Wildlife Conservat Soc Myanmar Program, Yangon 11051, Myanmar. [Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Maung, Myint] NWCD, Forest Dept, Naypyitaw, Myanmar. [Lynam, Antony J.] Ctr Global Conservat, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Fuller, TK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM hlanain@eco.umass.edu; tkfuller@eco.umass.edu; psievert@eco.umass.edu; randhir@eco.umass.edu; htootha@gmail.com; myintkoun@gmail.com; tlynam@wcs.org; sawhtunwcs@gmail.com; nwcdfdmof@gmail.com; utm.myint062@gmail.com FU Wildlife Conservation Society; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund); Panthera Foundation; Save the Tiger Fund; Fulbright Program/Institute of International Education FX We thank the Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division (NWCD), a special branch of Myanmar Forest Department (MFD), Directors of NWCD, and Director Generals of MFD for the necessary permissions to carry out this long-term project at the HKVWS. We are grateful to the Park Wardens of the HKVWS and the senior and junior wildlife officers of NWCD for their cooperation, commitment and devotion to camera trap surveys. From the Wildlife Conservation Society Myanmar Program, we thank the Site Coordinator for HKVWS, the Northern Forest Complex Coordinator, the Country Director, and former Country Director for guidance and advice. We also thank the office managers and other field researchers from the Myanmar Program for their valuable suggestions and contributions. We express our appreciation to the local field staff for untiring efforts in supporting our field operations. We thank A. Rabinowitz, J. Goodrich for inspiration, guidance, and technical help. The Wildlife Conservation Society, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund), Panthera Foundation, Save the Tiger Fund, and Fulbright Program/Institute of International Education provided technical and financial support for this study. Two anonymous reviewers provided excellent suggestions for improvement of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 41 PU NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI SINGAPORE PA DEPT ZOOLOGY, KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE SN 0217-2445 J9 RAFFLES B ZOOL JI Raffles Bull. Zool. PD DEC 31 PY 2015 VL 63 BP 376 EP 388 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DD3PC UT WOS:000369833600026 ER PT J AU Skiles, SM Painter, TH Belnap, J Holland, L Reynolds, RL Goldstein, HL Lin, J AF Skiles, S. McKenzie Painter, Thomas H. Belnap, Jayne Holland, Lacey Reynolds, Richard L. Goldstein, Harland L. Lin, John TI Regional variability in dust-on-snow processes and impacts in the Upper Colorado River Basin SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snow energy balance; snowmelt; dust-on-snow; light absorbing impurities; snow hydrology; spatial variability ID WIND EROSION; CLIMATE; COVER; DEPOSITION; HYDROLOGY; PLATEAU; BALANCE; ENERGY; MODEL; UTAH AB Dust deposition onto mountain snow cover in the Upper Colorado River Basin frequently occurs in the spring when wind speeds and dust emission peaks on the nearby Colorado Plateau. Dust loading has increased since the intensive settlement in the western USA in the mid 1880s. The effects of dust-on-snow have been well studied at Senator Beck Basin Study Area (SBBSA) in the San Juan Mountains, CO, the first high-altitude area of contact for predominantly southwesterly winds transporting dust from the southern Colorado Plateau. To capture variability in dust transport from the broader Colorado Plateau and dust deposition across a larger area of the Colorado River water sources, an additional study plot was established in 2009 on Grand Mesa, 150 km to the north of SBBSA in west central, CO. Here, we compare the 4-year (2010-2013) dust source, deposition, and radiative forcing records at Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP) and Swamp Angel Study Plot (SASP), SBBSA's subalpine study plot. The study plots have similar site elevations/environments and differ mainly in the amount of dust deposited and ensuing impacts. At SASP, end of year dust concentrations ranged from 0.83 mg g(-1) to 4.80 mg g(-1), and daily mean spring dust radiative forcing ranged from 50-65Wm(-2), advancing melt by 24-49 days. At GMSP, which received 1.0 mg g(-1) less dust per season on average, spring radiative forcings of 32-50Wm(-2) advanced melt by 15-30 days. Remote sensing imagery showed that observed dust events were frequently associated with dust emission from the southern Colorado Plateau. Dust from these sources generally passed south of GMSP, and back trajectory footprints modelled for observed dust events were commonly more westerly and northerly for GMSP relative to SASP. These factors suggest that although the southern Colorado Plateau contains important dust sources, dust contributions from other dust sources contribute to dust loading in this region, and likely account for the majority of dust loading at GMSP. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Skiles, S. McKenzie; Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Holland, Lacey; Lin, John] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Reynolds, Richard L.; Goldstein, Harland L.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Skiles, SM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM skiles@jpl.nasa.gov RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 FU NASA project [NNX10AO97G]; USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programmes; NASA FX We acknowledge Chris Landry/The Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies for data retrieval, compilation, and availability. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which improved this manuscript. This work was funded by the NASA project NNX10AO97G and JB received funding from the USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programmes. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract from NASA. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 26 BP 5397 EP 5413 DI 10.1002/hyp.10569 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DB1OO UT WOS:000368278100007 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Allen, CR Garmestani, AS Gunderson, LH Hjerne, O Winder, M AF Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Gunderson, Lance H. Hjerne, Olle Winder, Monika TI Quantifying the Adaptive Cycle SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BALTIC SEA; PEG-MODEL; PHYTOPLANKTON; SYSTEMS; RESILIENCE; SUCCESSION; ECOSYSTEM; PLANKTON; COMMUNITIES; MECHANISMS AB The adaptive cycle was proposed as a conceptual model to portray patterns of change in complex systems. Despite the model having potential for elucidating change across systems, it has been used mainly as a metaphor, describing system dynamics qualitatively. We use a quantitative approach for testing premises (reorganisation, conservatism, adaptation) in the adaptive cycle, using Baltic Sea phytoplankton communities as an example of such complex system dynamics. Phytoplankton organizes in recurring spring and summer blooms, a well-established paradigm in planktology and succession theory, with characteristic temporal trajectories during blooms that may be consistent with adaptive cycle phases. We used long-term (1994-2011) data and multivariate analysis of community structure to assess key components of the adaptive cycle. Specifically, we tested predictions about: reorganisation: spring and summer blooms comprise distinct community states; conservatism: community trajectories during individual adaptive cycles are conservative; and adaptation: phytoplankton species during blooms change in the long term. All predictions were supported by our analyses. Results suggest that traditional ecological paradigms such as phytoplankton successional models have potential for moving the adaptive cycle from a metaphor to a framework that can improve our understanding how complex systems organize and reorganize following collapse. Quantifying reorganization, conservatism and adaptation provides opportunities to cope with the intricacies and uncertainties associated with fast ecological change, driven by shifting system controls. Ultimately, combining traditional ecological paradigms with heuristics of complex system dynamics using quantitative approaches may help refine ecological theory and improve our understanding of the resilience of ecosystems. C1 [Angeler, David G.; Hjerne, Olle; Winder, Monika] Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gunderson, Lance H.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM david.angeler@slu.se FU Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University; Stockholm University's Strategic Marine Environmental Research Programme on Baltic Ecosystem Adaptive Management (BEAM); BONUS project [BIO-C3]; EU; Swedish Research Council FORMAS [2014-1193]; Swedish Research Council VR [2014-5828] FX Financial support from the Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, and by Stockholm University's Strategic Marine Environmental Research Programme on Baltic Ecosystem Adaptive Management (BEAM) and from the BONUS project BIO-C3, funded jointly by the EU and FORMAS is acknowledged. Additional support was provided by grants from the Swedish Research Councils VR (2014-5828) and FORMAS (2014-1193). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0146053 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0146053 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA0TN UT WOS:000367510500127 PM 26716453 ER PT J AU Garcia, T Zamalloa, CZ Jackson, PR Murphy, EA Garcia, MH AF Garcia, Tatiana Zamalloa, Carlo Zuniga Jackson, P. Ryan Murphy, Elizabeth A. Garcia, Marcelo H. TI A Laboratory Investigation of the Suspension, Transport, and Settling of Silver Carp Eggs Using Synthetic Surrogates SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WATER HARDNESS; HATCHING SUCCESS; RIVER; SUITABILITY; TURBULENCE; BASIN; SIZE AB Asian carp eggs are semi-buoyant and must remain suspended in the water to survive, supported by the turbulence of the flow, until they hatch and develop the ability to swim. Analysis of the transport and dispersal patterns of Asian carp eggs will facilitate the development and implementation of control strategies to target the early life stages. Experimenting with Asian carp eggs is complicated due to practical issues of obtaining eggs in close proximity to experimental facilities and extensive handling of eggs tends to damage them. Herein, we describe laboratory experiments using styrene beads (4.85 mm diameter) as synthetic surrogate eggs to mimic the physical properties of water-hardened silver carp eggs. The first set of experiments was completed in a rectangular vertical column filled with salt water. The salinity of the water was adjusted in an iterative fashion to obtain a close approximation of the fall velocity of the styrene beads to the mean fall velocity of silver carp water-hardened eggs. The terminal fall velocity of synthetic eggs was measured using an image processing method. The second set of experiments was performed in a temperature-controlled recirculatory flume with a sediment bed. The flume was filled with salt water, and synthetic eggs were allowed to drift under different flow conditions. Drifting behavior, suspension conditions, and settling characteristics of synthetic eggs were observed. At high velocities, eggs were suspended and distributed through the water column. Eggs that touched the sediment bed were re-entrained by the flow. Eggs saltated when they touched the bed, especially at moderate velocities and with a relatively flat bed. At lower velocities, some settling of the eggs was observed. With lower velocities and a flat bed, eggs were trapped near the walls of the flume. When bedforms were present, eggs were trapped in the lee of the bedforms in addition to being trapped near the flume walls. Results of this research study provide insights about transport, suspension, and dispersion of silver carp eggs. The knowledge gained from this study is useful to characterize the critical hydrodynamic conditions of the flow at which surrogates for silver carp water-hardened eggs settle out of suspension, and provides insight into how eggs may interact with riverbed sediments and morphology. C1 [Garcia, Tatiana; Jackson, P. Ryan; Murphy, Elizabeth A.] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Garcia, Tatiana; Zamalloa, Carlo Zuniga; Garcia, Marcelo H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Garcia, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tgarcia@usgs.gov OI Jackson, P. Ryan/0000-0002-3154-6108 FU U. S. Geological Survey; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; National Great Rivers Research and Educational Center FX This work was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, and the National Great Rivers Research and Educational Center. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 29 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145775 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145775 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA0IX UT WOS:000367481900080 PM 26713855 ER PT J AU Wang, T Poland, MP Lu, Z AF Wang, Teng Poland, Michael P. Lu, Zhong TI Dome growth at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Arc, quantified by time series TerraSAR-X imagery SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dome growth; SAR imagery; volcanic deformation ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; HILLS VOLCANO; PIXEL OFFSETS; LAVA DOMES; ERUPTION; DEFORMATION; ALASKA; INTERFEROMETRY; INSTABILITY; MONTSERRAT AB Synthetic aperture radar imagery is widely used to study surface deformation induced by volcanic activity; however, it is rarely applied to quantify the evolution of lava domes, which is important for understanding hazards and magmatic system characteristics. We studied dome formation associated with eruptive activity at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Volcanic Arc, in 2011-2012 using TerraSAR-X imagery. Interferometry and offset tracking show no consistent deformation and only motion of the crater rim, suggesting that ascending magma may pass through a preexisting conduit system without causing appreciable surface deformation. Amplitude imagery has proven useful for quantifying rates of vertical and areal growth of the lava dome within the crater from formation to removal by explosive activity to rebirth. We expect that this approach can be applied at other volcanoes that host growing lava domes and where hazards are highly dependent on dome geometry and growth rates. C1 [Wang, Teng; Lu, Zhong] So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM teng.wang@kaust.edu.sa OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123; Wang, Teng/0000-0003-3729-0139 FU NASA Earth Surface & Interior Program [NNX14AQ95G]; USGS Volcano Hazards Program; Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University FX The presented dome parameters are available in supporting information Table S1; any additional data may be obtained from T.W. (tengw@smu.edu). The TerraSAR-X data are copyrighted by German Aerospace Center (DLR) 2011-2012 and were provided through GEO1088. The reported research was supported by NASA Earth Surface & Interior Program grant NNX14AQ95G (T.W. and Z.L.), USGS Volcano Hazards Program (M.P.), and the Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University (Z.L.). We thank Geoff Wadge, Rick Wessels, Daniel Dzurisin, and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10614 EP 10621 DI 10.1002/2015GL066784 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700045 ER PT J AU Ensign, SH Noe, GB Hupp, CR Skalak, KJ AF Ensign, Scott H. Noe, Gregory B. Hupp, Cliff R. Skalak, Katherine J. TI Head-of-tide bottleneck of particulate material transport from watersheds to estuaries SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; tidal freshwater river; tidal freshwater forested wetland; oligohaline marsh; carbon accumulation ID COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SEDIMENT DEPOSITION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-CAROLINA; ACCRETION; USA; FLOODPLAIN; HYDROLOGY; NITROGEN AB We measured rates of sediment, C, N, and P accumulation at four floodplain sites spanning the nontidal through oligohaline Choptank and Pocomoke Rivers, Maryland, USA. Ceramic tiles were used to collect sediment for a year and sediment cores were collected to derive decadal sedimentation rates using Cs-137. The results showed highest rates of short- and long-term sediment, C, N, and P accumulation occurred in tidal freshwater forests at the head of tide on the Choptank and the oligohaline marsh of the Pocomoke River, and lowest rates occurred in the downstream tidal freshwater forests in both rivers. Presumably, watershed material was mostly trapped at the head of tide, and estuarine material was trapped in oligohaline marshes. This hydrologic transport bottleneck at the head of tide stores most available watershed sediment, C, N, and P creating a sediment shadow in lower tidal freshwater forests potentially limiting their resilience to sea level rise. C1 [Ensign, Scott H.; Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.; Skalak, Katherine J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ensign, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM scott@aquaco.us OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; Aquatic Analysis and Consulting, LLC FX J. Batson, C. Bernhardt, G. Jolly, T. Kramer, E. Schenk, T. Sheehan, S. Ulrich, and A. Besterman provided invaluable field and laboratory assistance. C. Currin coined the phrase "sediment shadow." Support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program, and Aquatic Analysis and Consulting, LLC. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. S.H.E led sample collection and data analysis. G.B.N. and C.R.H. supervised analytical processes and helped interpret data. K.J.S. supervised isotopic analysis and helped interpret data. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10671 EP 10679 DI 10.1002/2015GL066830 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700019 ER PT J AU Ewing, SA O'Donnell, JA Aiken, GR Butler, K Butman, D Windham-Myers, L Kanevskiy, MZ AF Ewing, Stephanie A. O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Aiken, George R. Butler, Kenna Butman, David Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z. TI Long-term anoxia and release of ancient, labile carbon upon thaw of Pleistocene permafrost SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE permafrost; dissolved organic carbon; yedoma; acetate; uranium activity ratios; ammonium ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BOREAL CATCHMENT UNDERLAIN; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ACTIVE LAYER; YUKON RIVER; GROUND ICE AB The fate of permafrost carbon upon thaw will drive feedbacks to climate warming. Here we consider the character and context of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in yedoma permafrost cores from up to 20m depth in central Alaska. We observed high DOC concentrations (4 to 129mM) and consistent low molecular weight organic acid concentrations in three cores. We estimate a DOC production rate of 12 mu molDOCm(-2)yr(-1) based on model ages of up to similar to 200kyr derived from uranium isotopes. Acetate C accounted for 241% of DOC in all samples. This proportion suggests long-term anaerobiosis and is likely to influence thaw outcomes due to biolability of acetate upon release in many environments. The combination of uranium isotopes, ammonium concentrations, and calcium concentrations explained 86% of the variation in thaw water DOC concentrations, suggesting that DOC production may be related to both reducing conditions and mineral dissolution over time. C1 [Ewing, Stephanie A.; Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Ewing, Stephanie A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK USA. [Butman, David] Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Ewing, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM stephanie.ewing@montana.edu FU USGS through Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; NRC postdoc program, Montana State University Vice President of Research and College of Agriculture; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation [EAR 0630257] FX We are grateful for the funding by USGS through the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area and the NRC postdoc program, Montana State University Vice President of Research and College of Agriculture, the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, and the National Science Foundation (EAR 0630257). We thank Jim Paces for his guidance and collaboration on U series analyses, Rob Striegl for his discussion and postdoc support, Paul Schuster and Tom Oliver for their IC and ICP-MS analyses, and Yuri Shur for his support on core acquisition and interpretation. We thank two anonymous reviewers as well as Robert Spencer and Viktor Brovkin for review of previous versions of this manuscript. Data used in this paper are provided as supporting information. Any questions about data analysis (R code, etc.) may be directed to S. Ewing. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10730 EP 10738 DI 10.1002/2015GL066296 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700036 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, CM Sharma, S Gray, DK Hampton, SE Read, JS Rowley, RJ Schneider, P Lenters, JD McIntyre, PB Kraemer, BM Weyhenmeyer, GA Straile, D Dong, B Adrian, R Allan, MG Anneville, O Arvola, L Austin, J Bailey, JL Baron, JS Brookes, JD de Eyto, E Dokulil, MT Hamilton, DP Havens, K Hetherington, AL Higgins, SN Hook, S Izmest'eva, LR Joehnk, KD Kangur, K Kasprzak, P Kumagai, M Kuusisto, E Leshkevich, G Livingstone, DM MacIntyre, S May, L Melack, JM Mueller-Navarra, DC Naumenko, M Noges, P Noges, T North, RP Plisnier, PD Rigosi, A Rimmer, A Rogora, M Rudstam, LG Rusak, JA Salmaso, N Samal, NR Schindler, DE Schladow, SG Schmid, M Schmidt, SR Silow, E Soylu, ME Teubner, K Verburg, P Voutilainen, A Watkinson, A Williamson, CE Zhang, GQ AF O'Reilly, Catherine M. Sharma, Sapna Gray, Derek K. Hampton, Stephanie E. Read, Jordan S. Rowley, Rex J. Schneider, Philipp Lenters, John D. McIntyre, Peter B. Kraemer, Benjamin M. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Straile, Dietmar Dong, Bo Adrian, Rita Allan, Mathew G. Anneville, Orlane Arvola, Lauri Austin, Jay Bailey, John L. Baron, Jill S. Brookes, Justin D. de Eyto, Elvira Dokulil, Martin T. Hamilton, David P. Havens, Karl Hetherington, Amy L. Higgins, Scott N. Hook, Simon Izmest'eva, Lyubov R. Joehnk, Klaus D. Kangur, Kulli Kasprzak, Peter Kumagai, Michio Kuusisto, Esko Leshkevich, George Livingstone, David M. MacIntyre, Sally May, Linda Melack, John M. Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C. Naumenko, Mikhail Noges, Peeter Noges, Tiina North, Ryan P. Plisnier, Pierre-Denis Rigosi, Anna Rimmer, Alon Rogora, Michela Rudstam, Lars G. Rusak, James A. Salmaso, Nico Samal, Nihar R. Schindler, Daniel E. Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Martin Schmidt, Silke R. Silow, Eugene Soylu, M. Evren Teubner, Katrin Verburg, Piet Voutilainen, Ari Watkinson, Andrew Williamson, Craig E. Zhang, Guoqing TI Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lakes; climate change; temperature ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; REGRESSION TREES; STATISTICS; TRENDS; MULTIPLE; BLOOMS AB In this first worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite-derived lake data, we find that lake summer surface water temperatures rose rapidly (global mean=0.34 degrees C decade(-1)) between 1985 and 2009. Our analyses show that surface water warming rates are dependent on combinations of climate and local characteristics, rather than just lake location, leading to the counterintuitive result that regional consistency in lake warming is the exception, rather than the rule. The most rapidly warming lakes are widely geographically distributed, and their warming is associated with interactions among different climatic factorsfrom seasonally ice-covered lakes in areas where temperature and solar radiation are increasing while cloud cover is diminishing (0.72 degrees C decade(-1)) to ice-free lakes experiencing increases in air temperature and solar radiation (0.53 degrees C decade(-1)). The pervasive and rapid warming observed here signals the urgent need to incorporate climate impacts into vulnerability assessments and adaptation efforts for lakes. C1 [O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Rowley, Rex J.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Gray, Derek K.] Calif Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, California, PA USA. [Hampton, Stephanie E.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Environm Res Educ & Outreach, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. [Schneider, Philipp] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Lenters, John D.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [McIntyre, Peter B.; Kraemer, Benjamin M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Straile, Dietmar] Univ Konstanz, Limnol Inst, Constance, Germany. [Dong, Bo] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Adrian, Rita; Schmidt, Silke R.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecosyst Res, Berlin, Germany. [Allan, Mathew G.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Anneville, Orlane] Natl Inst Agr Res, UMR Ctr Alpin Rech Reseaux Troph Ecosyst Limn, Thonon Les Bains, France. [Arvola, Lauri] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, Lammi, Finland. [Austin, Jay] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Bailey, John L.] Laurentian Univ Sudbury, Cooperat Freshwater Ecol Unit, Minist Environm & Climate Change, Sudbury, ON, Canada. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brookes, Justin D.; Rigosi, Anna] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Water Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [de Eyto, Elvira] Fisheries Ecosyst Advisory Serv, Inst Marine, Furnace, Newport, Ireland. [Dokulil, Martin T.] Univ Innsbruck, Res Inst Limnol, Mondsee, Austria. [Hamilton, David P.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Havens, Karl] Univ Florida, 2Florida Sea Grant & UF IFAS, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hetherington, Amy L.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Higgins, Scott N.] Int Inst Sustainable Dev Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Hook, Simon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Izmest'eva, Lyubov R.; Silow, Eugene] Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Joehnk, Klaus D.] CSIRO, Land & Water Flagship, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kangur, Kulli] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Tartu, Estonia. [Kasprzak, Peter] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Expt Limnol, Berlin, Germany. [Kumagai, Michio] Ritsumeikan Univ, Kusatsu, Japan. [Kuusisto, Esko] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Livingstone, David M.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [MacIntyre, Sally] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [May, Linda] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bush Estate, Midlothian, Scotland. [Melack, John M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C.] Univ Hamburg, Dept Biol, Hamburg, Germany. [Naumenko, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Limnol Inst, Hydrol Lab, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Noges, Peeter; Noges, Tiina] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Ctr Limnol, Tartu, Estonia. [North, Ryan P.] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Plisnier, Pierre-Denis] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Dept Earth Sci, Tervuren, Belgium. [Rimmer, Alon] Kinneret Limnol Lab, Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Migdal, Israel. [Rogora, Michela] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Study, Verbania, Italy. [Rusak, James A.] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON, Canada. [Salmaso, Nico] Ist Agr S Michele Adige Fdn E Mach, IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, Trento, Trento, Italy. [Samal, Nihar R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Samal, Nihar R.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schmid, Martin] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Surface Waters Res & Management, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. [Soylu, M. Evren] Meliksah Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Kayseri, Turkey. [Teubner, Katrin] Univ Vienna, Fac Life Sci, Dept Limnol & Biol Oceanog, Vienna, Austria. [Verburg, Piet] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Voutilainen, Ari] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Kuopio, Finland. [Watkinson, Andrew] Seqwater, Ipswich, Qld, Australia. [Williamson, Craig E.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Zhang, Guoqing] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP O'Reilly, CM (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. EM oreilly@ilstu.edu RI Johnk, Klaus/B-3382-2008; Higgins, Scott/F-5700-2016; Silow, Eugene/C-2958-2011; May, Linda/D-7943-2011; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; Hook, Simon/D-5920-2016; ROGORA, MICHELA/B-9237-2008; Schmid, Martin/C-3953-2009; Straile, Dietmar/A-4065-2008; OI Johnk, Klaus/0000-0002-5972-4201; Silow, Eugene/0000-0002-7039-3220; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Hook, Simon/0000-0002-0953-6165; ROGORA, MICHELA/0000-0003-3515-0220; Schmid, Martin/0000-0001-8699-5691; Straile, Dietmar/0000-0002-7441-8552; Zhang, Guoqing/0000-0003-2090-2813; Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249 FU NASA Earth Science Division ROSES INCA; Science of Terra program; Aqua program; NASA ROSES [E.2]; NSF [1147666, 1136637, 1030242, 1128040, 1204267]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch [0226747]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [IUT21-2]; University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research [CRN3038]; German Research Foundation DFG [STR 499/6-1]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science research project [GR 01201461929]; Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00400]; David and Lucille Packard Foundation FX Data used in this study are available in Sharma et al. [2013]. Funding in support of this work came from the following sources: NASA Earth Science Division ROSES INCA and Science of Terra and Aqua programs and NASA ROSES E.2; NSF awards 1147666, 1136637, 1030242, 1128040, and 1204267; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch 0226747; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research IUT21-2; University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research CRN3038; German Research Foundation DFG STR 499/6-1; Russian Ministry of Education and Science research project GR 01201461929, Russian Science Foundation Project 14-14-00400; and The David and Lucille Packard Foundation. We thank M. Moore and T. Kratz for support in developing this initiative, N. Barabas and D. Lofton for discussion, N. Keuler for help with statistical analyses, and K. Woo for technical assistance. D. K. Gray, S.E. Hampton, C.M. O'Reilly, and S. Sharma conceived the idea for this paper and co-led this project. D. K. Gray, S.E. Hampton, B.M. Kraemer, P.B. McIntyre, C. M. O'Reilly, J.S. Read, R.J. Rowley, S. Sharma, D. Straile, and G.A. Weyhenmeyer conducted analyses incorporated into this paper. D. K. Gray, B.M. Kraemer, C. M. O'Reilly, J. S. Read, R.J. Rowley, and S. Sharma drafted figures, tables, and headings for this paper. B. Dong, D. K. Gray, S.E. Hampton, B. M. Kraemer, P.B. McIntyre, C. M. O'Reilly, J. S. Read, R.J. Rowley, P. Schneider, and S. Sharma wrote sections of the text for this paper. All authors provided critical feedback, edits, and/or commented on drafts of this paper. J. D. Brookes, D. P. Hamilton, S. Hook, J. D. Lenters, D. Livingstone, P. B. McIntyre, C. M. O'Reilly, J. S. Read, and P. Schneider played important roles in the early development of the Global Lake Temperature Collaboration. NR 49 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 35 U2 94 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10773 EP 10781 DI 10.1002/2015GL066235 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700008 ER PT J AU Cornman, RS Otto, CRV Iwanowicz, D Pettis, JS AF Cornman, R. Scott Otto, Clint R. V. Iwanowicz, Deborah Pettis, Jeffery S. TI Taxonomic Characterization of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Pollen Foraging Based on Non-Overlapping Paired-End Sequencing of Nuclear Ribosomal Loci SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LAND-USE CHANGE; FLOWERING PLANTS; READ ALIGNMENT; POLLINATORS; CONSERVATION; VISITATION; PHYLOGENY; COMMUNITY; FORAGERS AB Identifying plant taxa that honey bees (Apis mellifera) forage upon is of great apicultural interest, but traditional methods are labor intensive and may lack resolution. Here we evaluate a high-throughput genetic barcoding approach to characterize trap-collected pollen from multiple North Dakota apiaries across multiple years. We used the Illumina MiSeq platform to generate sequence scaffolds from non-overlapping 300-bp paired-end sequencing reads of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS). Full-length sequence scaffolds represented similar to 530 bp of ITS sequence after adapter trimming, drawn from the 5' of ITS1 and the 3' of ITS2, while skipping the uninformative 5.8S region. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were picked from scaffolds clustered at 97% identity, searched by BLAST against the nt database, and given taxonomic assignments using the paired-read lowest common ancestor approach. Taxonomic assignments and quantitative patterns were consistent with known plant distributions, phenology, and observational reports of pollen foraging, but revealed an unexpected contribution from non-crop graminoids and wetland plants. The mean number of plant species assignments per sample was 23.0 (+/-5.5) and the mean species diversity (effective number of equally abundant species) was 3.3 (+/-1.2). Bray-Curtis similarities showed good agreement among samples from the same apiary and sampling date. Rarefaction plots indicated that fewer than 50,000 reads are typically needed to characterize pollen samples of this complexity. Our results show that a pre-compiled, curated reference database is not essential for genus-level assignments, but species-level assignments are hindered by database gaps, reference length variation, and probable errors in the taxonomic assignment, requiring post-hoc evaluation. Although the effective per-sample yield achieved using custom MiSeq amplicon primers was less than the machine maximum, primarily due to lower "read2" quality, further protocol optimization and/or a modest reduction in multiplex scale should offset this difficulty. As small quantities of pollen are sufficient for amplification, our approach might be extendable to other questions or species for which large pollen samples are not available. C1 [Cornman, R. Scott] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Otto, Clint R. V.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Iwanowicz, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Pettis, Jeffery S.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rcornman@usgs.gov FU US Department of Agriculture-Farm Service Agency; USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service; US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture-Farm Service Agency and USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (JSP, CRVO), and by the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area (CRVO). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 23 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145365 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145365 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ4SI UT WOS:000367092600071 PM 26700168 ER PT J AU Holldorf, ET Siers, SR Richmond, JQ Klug, PE Reed, RN AF Holldorf, Elden T. Siers, Shane R. Richmond, Jonathan Q. Klug, Page E. Reed, Robert N. TI Invaded Invaders: Infection of Invasive Brown Treesnakes on Guam by an Exotic Larval Cestode with a Life Cycle Comprised of Non-Native Hosts SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; CONDITION INDEXES; PACIFIC ISLAND; PARASITE LOAD; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; FITNESS AB Background Multiple host introductions to the same non-native environment have the potential to complete life cycles of parasites incidentally transported with them. Our goal was to identify a recently detected parasitic flatworm in the invasive Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on the remote Pacific island of Guam. We considered possible factors influencing parasite transmission, and tested for correlations between infection status and potential indicators of host fitness. We used genetic data from the parasite and information about the native ranges of other possible non-native hosts to hypothesize how it arrived on Guam and how its life cycle may be currently supported. Methods We identified the parasite by comparing larval morphology and mtDNA sequences with other Pseudophyllid tapeworms. We assessed probability of infection in individual snakes using logistic regression and examined different factors influencing presence of parasites in hosts. Results We identified the parasite as the pseudophyllid cestode Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, with all sampled worms from multiple snakes sharing a single mtDNA haplotype. Infection appears to be limited to the only freshwater watershed on the island, where infection prevalence was high (77.5%). Larger snakes had a higher probability of being infected, consistent with the chronic nature of such infections. While infection status was positively correlated with body condition, infected snakes tended to have lower intra-peritoneal fat body mass, potentially indicating a negative effect on energy stores. Conclusions We discovered that B. irregularis inhabiting a small area of forested habitat in a freshwater watershed on Guam are often infected by a novel parasite of Asian origin. While further work is needed, this species of Spirometra, itself a non-native species, likely depends on a suite of recently introduced hosts from different parts of the world to complete the life cycle. This baseline study provides little evidence of any effects on host fitness, but additional data are needed to more thoroughly explore the consequences of infection in this invasive snake population. C1 [Holldorf, Elden T.] Cherokee Serv Grp LLC, Yigo, GU 96929 USA. [Siers, Shane R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Richmond, Jonathan Q.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Klug, Page E.; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Holldorf, ET (reprint author), Cherokee Serv Grp LLC, Yigo, GU 96929 USA. EM eholldorf@usgs.gov OI Klug, Page/0000-0002-0836-3901 FU U.S. Department of the Navy (MIPR) [N61755-13-MP-001GS]; U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs; Invasive Species Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Navy (MIPR #N61755-13-MP-001GS; navy.mil), U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs (doi.gov//oia), and the Invasive Species Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (usgs.gov/ecosystems/invasive_species). No funders had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 23 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0143718 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0143718 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ4SI UT WOS:000367092600007 PM 26699614 ER PT J AU Calvert, SE Piper, DZ Thunell, RC Astor, Y AF Calvert, S. E. Piper, D. Z. Thunell, R. C. Astor, Y. TI Elemental settling and burial fluxes in the Cariaco Basin SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Major and trace element settling fluxes in an anoxic basin; Redox-controlled trace element enrichments in settling material and basin-floor sediment; Settling fluxes and basin-floor accumulation compared ID TRACE-METAL GEOCHEMISTRY; SAANICH INLET SEDIMENTS; ANOXIC MARINE-SEDIMENTS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; BLACK-SEA; ORGANIC-MATTER; EXPORT PRODUCTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER AB The vertical flux of particles and their interactions within the ocean, together with the global ocean circulation, control the water-column distribution of a wide range of elements. Such processes condition patterns of their deposition and burial within marine sediments. Our understanding of these processes can be used to hindcast environmental conditions in the past from the sedimentary record. Here we report the major, minor and trace element compositions of a small sub-set of samples of sinking material collected at four depths (225, 410, 810, 1200 m) in the Cariaco Basin (10.5 degrees N, 64.67 degrees W), which is anoxic below similar to 275 m depth. We compare these data with the composition of the most recent basin floor sediment at the same location. The sediment trap samples examined represent material collected during both a high- and a low-productivity season, during a short-period flood event in coastal Venezuela, and immediately following an earthquake that induced a gravity flow. Our results show that the lithogenous composition of all four groups of trap samples and the basin floor sediment is uniform. This indicates that the source of siliciclastic detritus is largely from the local rivers draining the coastal region to the south of the Cariaco station. Enrichments of Ba relative to a model lithogenous background are found in the opal-rich high productivity samples from all depths; enrichments of Ag, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn, directly associated with the flux of phytoplankton organic matter from the photic zone, are found not only in the high productivity samples, but also in the low productivity samples that have higher CaCO3 contents and lower organic matter and opal contents. In addition, modest particle and sediment enrichments of some redox-sensitive trace elements that are known to be removed from solution and sequestered in suboxic and anoxic sediments, namely Cr, V and Re are observed. However, barely detectable enrichments of U and Mo are present in all trap samples. In contrast with the trap sample compositions, the modern laminated basin-floor sediment exhibits significantly higher contents of Re, Mo and U than a solely lithogenous contribution, confirming studies that have found greater sub-sea floor fixation of these elements. Finally, the high settling flux of Ba observed in the high productivity trap samples is not preserved in the bottom sediment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Calvert, S. E.] Univ British Columbia, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Piper, D. Z.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thunell, R. C.] Univ S Carolina, Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Astor, Y.] Fdn La Salle Ciencias Nat, Estn Invest Margarita, Porlamar 6301, Venezuela. RP Calvert, SE (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM calvert@eos.ubc.ca FU NSF; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Geological Survey FX The Cariaco Basin sediment trap time series is supported by funding from the NSF to RCT. We acknowledge extensive laboratory analytical assistance of Maureen Soon (UBC), the provision of isotope dilution trace element data on the trap samples by Alice Chang (UVic), the generous donation of the set of bottom sediment sub-samples from core PL07-BC81 by Robert F. Anderson (LEO) and for sharing his accumulation rate data on this core, and the provision of water-column trace metal data by Steven Emerson (UW). This research was financially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant Program. DZP is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions, which have significantly improved this paper. NR 186 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 177 BP 607 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.10.001 PN 4 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA CZ0IQ UT WOS:000366788800003 ER PT J AU Tan, ZX Liu, SG AF Tan, Zhengxi Liu, Shuguang TI Corn Belt soil carbon and macronutrient budgets with projected sustainable stover harvest SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Minimum stover requirement; Soil nutrient budget; Soil nitrogen; Soil phosphorus; Soil potassium; Soil organic carbon ID AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE REMOVAL; ORGANIC-CARBON; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; YIELD; US; TILLAGE; BIOMASS AB Corn (Zea mays L.) stover has been identified as a prime feedstock for biofuel production in the U.S. Corn Belt because of its perceived abundance and availability, but long-term stover harvest effects on regional nutrient budgets have not been evaluated. We defined the minimum stover requirement (MSR) to maintain current soil organic carbon levels and then estimated current and future soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) budgets for various stover harvest scenarios. Analyses for 2006 through 2010 across the entire Corn Belt indicated that currently, 28 Tg or 1.6 Mg ha(-1) of stover could be sustainably harvested from 17.95 million hectares (Mha) with N, P, and K removal of 113, 26, and 47 kg ha(-1), respectively, and C removal for that period was estimated to be 4.55 Mg C ha(-1). Assuming continued yield increases and a planted area of 26.74 Mha in 2050, 77.4 Tg stover (or 2.4 Mg ha(-1)) could be sustainably harvested with N, P, and K removal of 177, 37, and 72 kg ha(-1), respectively, along with C removal of 6.57 Mg c ha(-1). Although there would be significant variation across the region, harvesting only the excess over the MSR under current fertilization rates would result in a small depletion of soil N (-5 +/- 27 kg ha(-1)) and K (-20 +/- 31 kg ha(-1)) and a moderate surplus of P (36 +/- 18 kg ha-1). Our 2050 projections based on continuing to keep the MSR, but having higher yields indicate that soil N and K deficits would become larger, thus emphasize the importance of balancing soil nutrient supply with crop residue removal. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tan, Zhengxi] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci ERO, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ztan@usgs.gov OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Renewable Energy-Biofuels Project of the Land Change Science Program; USGS [G15PC00028] FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Renewable Energy-Biofuels Project of the Land Change Science Program. Authors appreciate Dr. D. L. Karlen and Mr. T. Anderson for their thoughtful edits. Also the authors thank Dr. L. Ji for his assistance in map generation. Work of Z. Tan was performed under USGS contract G15PC00028. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 212 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2015.06.022 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR3VL UT WOS:000361261100012 ER PT J AU Moreau, JW Gionfriddo, CM Krabbenhoft, DP Ogorek, JM DeWild, JF Aiken, GR Roden, EE AF Moreau, John W. Gionfriddo, Caitlin M. Krabbenhoft, David P. Ogorek, Jacob M. DeWild, John F. Aiken, George R. Roden, Eric E. TI The Effect of Natural Organic Matter on Mercury Methylation by Desulfobulbus propionicus 1pr3 SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury methylation; methylmercury; sulfate-reducing bacteria; natural organic matter; mercury isotopes ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS ND132; STRAIN WALVIS BAY; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BIOLOGICAL METHYLATION; SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; PRINCIPAL METHYLATORS; ANOXIC ENVIRONMENTS AB Methylation of tracer and ambient mercury (Hg-200 and Hg-202, respectively) equilibrated with four different natural organic matter (NOM) isolates was investigated in vivo using the Hg-methylating sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfobulbus propionicus 1pr3. Desulfobulbus cultures grown fermentatively with environmentally representative concentrations of dissolved NOM isolates, Hg[II], and HS- were assayed for absolute methylmercury (MeHg) concentration and conversion of Hg(II) to MeHg relative to total unfiltered Hg(II). Results showed the Hg-200 tracer was methylated more efficiently in the presence of hydrophobic NOM isolates than in the presence of transphilic NOM, or in the absence of NOM. Different NOM isolates were associated with variable methylation efficiencies for either the Hg-202 tracer or ambient Hg-200. One hydrophobic NOM, F1 HpoA derived from dissolved organic matter from the Florida Everglades, was equilibrated for different times with Hg tracer, which resulted in different methylation rates. A 5 day equilibration with F1 HpoA resulted in more MeHg production than either the 4 h or 30 day equilibration periods, suggesting a time dependence for NOM-enhanced Hg bioavailability for methylation. C1 [Moreau, John W.; Gionfriddo, Caitlin M.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Krabbenhoft, David P.; Ogorek, Jacob M.; DeWild, John F.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Roden, Eric E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Moreau, JW (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. EM jmoreau@unimelb.edu.au OI Moreau, John W/0000-0002-5997-522X; Gionfriddo, Caitlin/0000-0003-0745-9255 FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship; U.S. Geological Survey National Research and Priority Ecosystems and Toxic Substances Hydrology programs FX We acknowledge helpful advice and comments from Brett Poulin, Cynthia Gilmour, Janina Benoit, Thomas Sabin and Evgenya Shelobolina, and from the two reviewers. We acknowledge the patient and adroit editorial handling of our manuscript by Jennifer Glass. This research was funded by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship (to JM), and by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research and Priority Ecosystems and Toxic Substances Hydrology programs (to DK and GA). Any use of trade, firm, or product: names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 109 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 33 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 1389 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01389 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CZ3FK UT WOS:000366989600001 PM 26733947 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Russell, RE Franson, JC Soos, C Dusek, RJ Allen, RB Nashold, SW TeSlaa, JL Jonsson, JE Ballard, JR Harms, NJ Brown, JD AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Russell, Robin E. Franson, J. Christian Soos, Catherine Dusek, Robert J. Allen, R. Bradford Nashold, Sean W. TeSlaa, Joshua L. Jonsson, Jon Einar Ballard, Jennifer R. Harms, Naomi Jane Brown, Justin D. TI Avian Influenza Ecology in North Atlantic Sea Ducks: Not All Ducks Are Created Equal SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; MIGRATORY BIRDS; WILD BIRDS; WATERFOWL; EVOLUTION; AMERICAN; REASSORTMENT; PERSISTENCE; INFECTION; MOVEMENT AB Wild waterfowl are primary reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIV). However the role of sea ducks in the ecology of avian influenza, and how that role differs from freshwater ducks, has not been examined. We obtained and analyzed sera from North Atlantic sea ducks and determined the seroprevalence in those populations. We also tested swab samples from North Atlantic sea ducks for the presence of AIV. We found relatively high serological prevalence (61%) in these sea duck populations but low virus prevalence (0.3%). Using these data we estimated that an antibody half-life of 141 weeks (3.2 years) would be required to attain these prevalences. These findings are much different than what is known in freshwater waterfowl and have implications for surveillance efforts, AIV in marine environments, and the roles of sea ducks and other long-lived waterfowl in avian influenza ecology. C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Russell, Robin E.; Franson, J. Christian; Dusek, Robert J.; Nashold, Sean W.; TeSlaa, Joshua L.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Soos, Catherine] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Allen, R. Bradford] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Jonsson, Jon Einar] Univ Iceland, Snaefellsnes Res Ctr, IS-245 Stykkisholmur, Iceland. [Ballard, Jennifer R.; Brown, Justin D.] Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Harms, Naomi Jane] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200400041C, HHSN266200700007C] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract Nos. HHSN266200400041C and HHSN266200700007C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144524 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144524 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9JO UT WOS:000366723400017 PM 26677841 ER PT J AU Bedrosian, PA Love, JJ AF Bedrosian, Paul A. Love, Jeffrey J. TI Mapping geoelectric fields during magnetic storms: Synthetic analysis of empirical United States impedances SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETICALLY INDUCED CURRENTS; USARRAY MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTIVITY; NETWORK; SYSTEMS; MODELS; HAZARD AB Empirical impedance tensors obtained from EarthScope magnetotelluric data at sites distributed across the midwestern United States are used to examine the feasibility of mapping magnetic storm induction of geoelectric fields. With these tensors, in order to isolate the effects of Earth conductivity structure, we perform a synthetic analysis-calculating geoelectric field variations induced by a geomagnetic field that is geographically uniform but varying sinusoidally with a chosen set of oscillation frequencies that are characteristic of magnetic storm variations. For north-south oriented geomagnetic oscillations at a period of T-0= 100 s, induced geoelectric field vectors show substantial geographically distributed differences in amplitude (approximately a factor of 100), direction (up to 130 degrees), and phase (over a quarter wavelength). These differences are the result of three-dimensional Earth conductivity structure, and they highlight a shortcoming of one-dimensional conductivity models (and other synthetic models not derived from direct geophysical measurement) that are used in the evaluation of storm time geoelectric hazards for the electric power grid industry. A hypothetical extremely intense magnetic storm having 500 nT amplitude at T-0= 100 s would induce geoelectric fields with an average amplitude across the midwestern United States of about 2.71 V/km, but with a representative site-to-site range of 0.15 V/km to 16.77 V/km. Significant improvement in the evaluation of such hazards will require detailed knowledge of the Earth's interior three-dimensional conductivity structure. C1 [Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Love, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bedrosian, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pbedrosian@usgs.gov FU USGS Geomagnetism Program FX We thank C.A. Finn, A. Kelbert, J. McCarthy, and J.L. Slate for reviewing a draft manuscript. We thank E.J. Rigler for useful conversations. This work would not have been possible without the efforts of the National Geoelectromagnetic Facility at Oregon State University, Zonge Engineering and Research Organization, and Green Geophysics, all of whom oversaw or carried out the acquisition of the EarthScope MT data presented here. A. Schultz, G.D. Egbert, and A. Kelbert are particularly thanked for the data QA/QC and time series analysis which make this data set accessible to the Earth science community. This work was supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program. Magnetometer data from the Memambetsu Observatory can be obtained from either the Kakioka magnetic observatory (www.kakioka-jma.go.jp) or the Kyoto World Data Center (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp). EarthScope magnetotelluric impedance tensors can be obtained from the Data Management Center of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (ds.iris.edu/ds/products/emtf). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 23 DI 10.1002/2015GL066636 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MV UT WOS:000368343900009 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, AJ Tercek, MT Al-Chokhachy, R Ray, AM Thoma, DP Hossack, BR Pederson, GT Rodman, AW Olliff, T AF Sepulveda, Adam J. Tercek, Michael T. Al-Chokhachy, Robert Ray, Andrew M. Thoma, David P. Hossack, Blake R. Pederson, Gregory T. Rodman, Ann W. Olliff, Tom TI The Shifting Climate Portfolio of the Greater Yellowstone Area SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; VULNERABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; SNOWPACK; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB Knowledge of climatic variability at small spatial extents (< 50 km) is needed to assess vulnerabilities of biological reserves to climate change. We used empirical and modeled weather station data to test if climate change has increased the synchrony of surface air temperatures among 50 sites within the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) of the interior western United States. This important biological reserve is the largest protected area in the Lower 48 states and provides critical habitat for some of the world's most iconic wildlife. We focused our analyses on temporal shifts and shape changes in the annual distributions of seasonal minimum and maximum air temperatures among valley-bottom and higher elevation sites from 1948-2012. We documented consistent patterns of warming since 1948 at all 50 sites, with the most pronounced changes occurring during the Winter and Summer when minimum and maximum temperature distributions increased. These shifts indicate more hot temperatures and less cold temperatures would be expected across the GYA. Though the shifting statistical distributions indicate warming, little change in the shape of the temperature distributions across sites since 1948 suggest the GYA has maintained a diverse portfolio of temperatures within a year. Spatial heterogeneity in temperatures is likely maintained by the GYA's physiographic complexity and its large size, which encompasses multiple climate zones that respond differently to synoptic drivers. Having a diverse portfolio of temperatures may help biological reserves spread the extinction risk posed by climate change. C1 [Sepulveda, Adam J.; Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Tercek, Michael T.] Walking Shadow Ecol, Gardiner, MT 59030 USA. [Ray, Andrew M.; Thoma, David P.] Natl Pk Serv, Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitory Network, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Rodman, Ann W.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Np, WY 82190 USA. [Olliff, Tom] Natl Pk Serv, Intermountain Reg Landscape Conservat & Climate C, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Park Monitoring Project program; Walking Shadow Ecology FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Park Monitoring Project program. Walking Shadow Ecology provided support in the form of salary for author MTT, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of this author are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0145060 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0145060 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9JH UT WOS:000366722700091 PM 26674185 ER PT J AU Renner, M Kuletz, KJ AF Renner, Martin Kuletz, Kathy J. TI A spatial-seasonal analysis of the oiling risk from shipping traffic to seabirds in the Aleutian Archipelago SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Chronic oil pollution; Marine birds; Marine spatial planing; Oil spills; Shipping lanes ID AERIAL SURVEILLANCE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RANDOM FORESTS; SPILL; IMPACTS; SEA; DISCHARGES; POLLUTION; PATTERNS; NEWFOUNDLAND AB Some of the largest seabird concentrations in the northern hemisphere are intersected by major shipping routes in the Aleutian Archipelago. Risk is the product of the probability and the severity incidents in an area. We build a seasonally explicit model of seabird distribution and combine the densities of seabirds with an oil vulnerability index. We use shipping density, as a proxy for the probability of oil spills from shipping accident (or the intensity chronic oil pollution). We find high-risk (above-average seabird and vessel density) areas around Unimak Pass, south of the Alaska Peninsula, near Buldir Island, and north of Attu Island. Risk to seabirds is greater during summer than during winter, but the month of peak risk (May/July) varies depending on how data is analyzed. The area around Unimak Pass stands out for being at high-risk year-round, whereas passes in the western Aleutians are at high risk mostly during summer. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Renner, Martin] Tern Again Consulting, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Renner, M (reprint author), Tern Again Consulting, 811 Ocean Dr Loop, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM 5630dc56@opayq.com FU Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); North Pacific Research Board [637, B64]; USFWS, Migratory Bird Management; Survey, Monitoring, and Assessment program of Migratory Bird Management, USFWS FX We would like to thank the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for their support, and the captain and crew of the M/V Tiglax for their hospitality. Aleutian Island Unit biologist Jeffrey Williams, provided numerous suggestions and stimulating discussions. Two anonymous reviewers made suggestions that improved this manuscript. We owe a special thank you to the many observers who conducted seabird surveys throughout the years, especially Elizabeth Labunski who was the field supervisor for USFWS at-sea work since 2008. We thank George L Hunt, Jr. for his numerous discussions and John F. Piatt and Gary Drew for making the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database available to us. Seabird surveys from 2008 through 2012 were supported in part by grants from the North Pacific Research Board (Projects No. 637 and B64) and USFWS, Migratory Bird Management. This study was made possible by a grant from the Survey, Monitoring, and Assessment program of Migratory Bird Management, USFWS. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 101 IS 1 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA2MV UT WOS:000367630700026 PM 26602441 ER PT J AU Bargar, TA Alvarez, DA Garrison, VH AF Bargar, Timothy A. Alvarez, David A. Garrison, Virginia H. TI Synthetic ultraviolet light filtering chemical contamination of coastal waters of Virgin Islands national park, St. John, US Virgin Islands SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE UV filter chemical; Virgin Islands national park; Water ID ORGANIC UV FILTERS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE WATERS; WASTE-WATER; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; TREATMENT PLANTS; MULTIPLE CLASSES AB Contamination of surface waters by synthetic ultraviolet light (UV) filtering chemicals is a concern for the Virgin Islands National Park (VINP). Discrete water samples were collected from VINP bays to determine UV filter chemical presence in the coastal waters. Spatial distribution and the potential for partitioning between subsurface waters and the sea surface microlayer (SML) were also examined. The UV filter chemicals 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, benzophenone-3, octinoxate, homosalate, and octocrylene were detected at concentrations up to 6073 ng/L (benzophenone-3). Concentrations for benzophenone-3 and homosalate declined exponentially (r(2) = 0.86 to 0.98) with distance from the beach. Limited data indicate that some UV filter chemicals may partition to the SML relative to the subsurface waters. Contamination of VINP coastal waters by UV filter chemicals may be a significant issue, but an improved understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of their concentrations would be necessary to better understand the risk they present. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bargar, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Garrison, Virginia H.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Bargar, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM tbargar@usgs.gov FU USGS Contaminant Biology Program and Water Quality Partnership Program FX The authors wish to thank Thomas Kelley, Christy McManus, and Esther Francis of VINP for assistance with permitting and logistical support; Sybille Sorrentino of VI Ecotours for providing a kayak for sampling; and the anonymous reviewers that helped to improve this manuscript. This research was funded by the USGS Contaminant Biology Program and Water Quality Partnership Program, and was conducted under Virgin Islands National Park permit #VIIS-2014-SCI-0015. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 101 IS 1 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.077 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA2MV UT WOS:000367630700033 PM 26581812 ER PT J AU Doyle, E Biales, A Focazio, M Griffin, D Loftin, K Wilson, V AF Doyle, Elizabeth Biales, Adam Focazio, Mike Griffin, Dale Loftin, Keith Wilson, Vickie TI Effect-Based Screening Methods for Water Quality Characterization Will Augment Conventional Analyte-by-Analyte Chemical Methods in Research As Well As Regulatory Monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Doyle, Elizabeth; Wilson, Vickie] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Biales, Adam] Natl Exposure Res Lib, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Focazio, Mike; Griffin, Dale] US Geol Survey, Tox Subst Hydrol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Loftin, Keith] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Focazio, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tox Subst Hydrol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mfocazio@usgs.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 24 BP 13906 EP 13907 DI 10.1021/es5053254 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ1NK UT WOS:000366872300002 PM 25521837 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. TI Developing a 30-m grassland productivity estimation map for central Nebraska using 250-m MODIS and 30-m Landsat-8 observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Satellite vegetation index (NDVI); Grassland productivity; Downscaling MODIS GSN; Landsat; Regression tree model; Central Nebraska ID ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANOMALIES; PLATTE RIVER-BASIN; GREAT-PLAINS; NDVI; SATELLITE; DATABASE; MODEL; USA AB Accurately estimating aboveground vegetation biomass productivity is essential for local ecosystem assessment and best land management practice. Satellite-derived growing season time-integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GSN) has been used as a proxy for vegetation biomass productivity. A 250-m grassland biomass productivity map for the Greater Platte River Basin had been developed based on the relationship between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) GSN and Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) annual grassland productivity. However, the 250-m MODIS grassland biomass productivity map does not capture detailed ecological features (or patterns) and may result in only generalized estimation of the regional total productivity. Developing a high or moderate spatial resolution (e.g., 30-m) productivity map to better understand the regional detailed vegetation condition and ecosystem services is preferred. The 30-m Landsat data provide spatial detail for characterizing human-scale processes and have been successfully used for land cover and land change studies. The main goal of this study is to develop a 30-m grassland biomass productivity estimation map for central Nebraska, leveraging 250-m MODIS GSN and 30-m Landsat data. A rule-based piecewise regression GSN model based on MODIS and Landsat (r = 0.91) was developed, and a 30-m MODIS equivalent GSN map was generated. Finally, a 30-m grassland biomass productivity estimation map, which provides spatially detailed ecological features and conditions for central Nebraska, was produced. The resulting 30-m grassland productivity map was generally supported by the SSURGO biomass production map and will be useful for regional ecosystem study and local land management practices. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] ASRC InuTeq, USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856 FU USGS [G13PC00028]; USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels FX This work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028 and funded by the USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels. The authors thank Lei Ji, Thomas Adamson, Sandra C. Cooper, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. The authors thank Norman Bliss for processing SSURGO data. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 171 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.10.018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CZ0IE UT WOS:000366787600023 ER PT J AU Tripathy, GR Hannah, JL Stein, HJ Geboy, NJ Ruppert, LF AF Tripathy, Gyana Ranjan Hannah, Judith L. Stein, Holly J. Geboy, Nicholas J. Ruppert, Leslie F. TI Radiometric dating of marine-influenced coal using Re-Os geochronology SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Re-Os geochronology; marine-influenced coal; hydrogen index (HI); Matewan coal, Betsie Shale Member ID ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS; OSMIUM ISOTOPE; BLACK SHALES; TIME-SCALE; U-PB; SYSTEMATICS; AGE; BOUNDARY; BASIN; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Coal deposits are integral to understanding the structural evolution and thermal history of sedimentary basins and correlating contemporeous estuarine and fluvial delatic strata with marine sections. While marine shales may readily lend themselves to Re-Os dating due to the dominance of hydrogenous Re and Os, the lack of a chronometer for near-shore sedimentary environments hampers basinwide correlations in absolute time. Here, we employ the Re-Os geochronometer, along with total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval data, to determine the timing and conditions of a marine incursion at the top of the Matewan coal bed, Kanawha Formation, Pottsville Group, West Virginia, USA. The observed range for hydrogen index (HI: 267-290 mg hydrocarbon/gram total organic carbon) for these coal samples suggests dominance of aliphatic hydrocarbons with low carbon (97% of the 114 egg samples. PFEtCHxS concentrations ranged from n.d. to 3.1 ng/g ww (highest in Lake Michigan eggs). Mean Sigma(4)PFSA (92 to 97% perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)) and Sigma(9)PFCA concentration ranges were 44 to 740 and 4.8 to 118 ng/g ww, respectively. Sigma(4)PFSA showed a clear increasing concentration trend from the northwest to the southeast colonies. Also, Sigma(4)PFCA to Sigma(9)PFSA concentration ratios in gull eggs were greater in eggs from Lake Superior relative to colonies in the other lakes. PFOS concentrations in some egg samples were greater than some of the known lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) measured and reported in captive bird model studies. This study showed the increasing complexity of PFAS-CECs, and emphasized the importance of continuing monitoring of bioaccumulative PFAS in Great Lakes herring gulls. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch,Environm Canada,Natl Wildli, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Su, Guanyong] Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Moore, Jeremy N.; Williams, Lisa L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, East Lansing Ecol Serv Field Off, E Lansing, MI USA. [Martin, Pamela A.; de Solla, Shane R.] Environm Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Bowerman, William W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch,Environm Canada,Natl Wildli, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM robert.letcher@ec.gc.ca; SuG@ec.gc.ca RI Su, Guanyong/A-7747-2017 FU Grant Agreement from United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [USFWS F13AC00454]; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality through their Clean Michigan Initiative at U.S. colony sites [USFWS F1 3AC00454]; Environment Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP) FX Partial funding for this project is supported by a Grant Agreement from the United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service with funding from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (USFWS F13AC00454). Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the United States Government. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (USFWS F13AC00454), through their Clean Michigan Initiative, provided funding for the collection of the herring gull eggs at U.S. colony sites. Supplemental funds were provided by Environment Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; to R.J. Letcher). We thank David Blair in the Letcher Lab/OCRL in the NWRC at Carleton University for the CEC-PFAS sample analysis. We thank Nargis Ismail and Ken Drouillard at the GLIER (University of Windsor) for receiving and preparing the CMI-CWF herring gull egg homogenate samples. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 538 BP 468 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.083 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU2JD UT WOS:000363348900045 PM 26318684 ER PT J AU Raiho, AM Hooten, MB Bates, S Hobbs, NT AF Raiho, Ann M. Hooten, Mevin B. Bates, Scott Hobbs, N. Thompson TI Forecasting the Effects of Fertility Control on Overabundant Ungulates: White-Tailed Deer in the National Capital Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; SURVIVAL RATES; POPULATION; MINNESOTA; DYNAMICS; IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; EFFICACY; PATTERNS; FAWNS; SIZE AB Overabundant populations of ungulates have caused environmental degradation and loss of biological diversity in ecosystems throughout the world. Culling or regulated harvest is often used to control overabundant species. These methods are difficult to implement in national parks, other types of conservation reserves, or in residential areas where public hunting may be forbidden by policy. As a result, fertility control has been recommended as a non-lethal alternative for regulating ungulate populations. We evaluate this alternative using white-tailed deer in national parks in the vicinity of Washington, D.C., USA as a model system. Managers seek to reduce densities of white-tailed deer from the current average (50 deer per km(2)) to decrease harm to native plant communities caused by deer. We present a Bayesian hierarchical model using 13 years of population estimates from 8 national parks in the National Capital Region Network. We offer a novel way to evaluate management actions relative to goals using short term forecasts. Our approach confirms past analyses that fertility control is incapable of rapidly reducing deer abundance. Fertility control can be combined with culling to maintain a population below carrying capacity with a high probability of success. This gives managers confronted with problematic overabundance a framework for implementing management actions with a realistic assessment of uncertainty. C1 [Raiho, Ann M.; Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Raiho, Ann M.; Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bates, Scott] Natl Pk Serv, Urban Ecol Ctr, Natl Capital Reg, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Raiho, AM (reprint author), St Marys Coll, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM araiho@nd.edu RI Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 FU Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (RM-CESU), RM-CESU [H2370094000, J2340110031]; NTH; National Parks Service, Biological Resources Management Division FX This work was supported by Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (RM-CESU), RM-CESU Cooperative Agreement Number: H2370094000 (WASO), J2340110031. The PI for this grant is NTH. The task agreement follows: A primary mission of the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University is to understand and quantify ecosystems, and effectively communicate this information to decision-makers, managers, students, and the public. This project will meet these mission goals by 1) summarizing the issues, data protocols, approaches, and future needs for ungulate management throughout the NPS; and 2) quantifying population sizes, trajectories, and effects of different management strategies. Products will be summarized in a report to NPS managers and leadership. In addition, results will be presented to a wide variety of audiences, including: academics and managers via peer-reviewed publications and at science conferences; students and faculty of Colorado State University during lectures and seminars (Dr. Hobbs teaches a modeling course "Systems Ecology", which incorporates real-world results and models); and the general public through NPS press releases, newspaper articles, and the NPS website. This agreement will provide employment and education opportunities for a research assistant and graduate student at Colorado State University. The research assistant will gain hands on experience and direct knowledge about ungulate management science and real world management implementation in the NPS. Additionally, the research assistant will learn how to create searchable databases, facilitate a science/management workshop, gain a variety of perspectives from parks and managers during interviews for data and the workshop, and develop their writing abilities. These collective experiences will increase the capability of the research assistant to find future work in a state or federal wildlife agency or private sector (e.g., one of the many private consultants that works on ungulate management plans). The graduate student will learn state-of-the-art modeling procedures, greatly increase their quantitative, writing, and presentation capabilities, and develop materials that will be presented at university classes and seminars and national science conferences. The knowledge gained during the process will also facilitate interactions within the academic and agency setting and give the student a set of quantitative skills that are very marketable (e.g., developing hierarchical models in a Bayesian framework). The review (task 1) developed in this agreement will benefit the scientific community at large by informing them of current trends in NPS management and the scientific basis for those decisions. The models (task 2) will further the wildlife scientific and management communities on the limitations and requirements of using fertility control technology and culling to control ungulate populations. It will also increase the ability of the NPS to obtain correct targets during reduction operations, which will facilitate cooperative management efforts with state agencies outside of NPS units. The funders provided the data and helped the PI determine which model experiments to conduct.; This study was funded by the National Parks Service, Biological Resources Management Division. Comments and suggestions from Barry Noon, Ryan Monello, and Jenny Powers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0143122 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0143122 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ1YX UT WOS:000366903300011 PM 26650739 ER PT J AU Aplin, KP Rhind, SG Ten Have, J Chesser, RT AF Aplin, K. P. Rhind, S. G. Ten Have, J. Chesser, R. T. TI Taxonomic revision of Phascogale tapoatafa (Meyer, 1793) (Dasyuridae; Marsupialia), including descriptions of two new subspecies and confirmation of P. pirata Thomas, 1904 as a 'Top End' endemic SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Marsupial; taxonomy; Australia; biogeography; subspecies ID BRUSH-TAILED PHASCOGALES; SOUTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA; PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CARNIVOROUS MARSUPIALS; MATERNAL STRATEGIES; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; ISOODON-OBESULUS; CONTROL REGION; CYTOCHROME-B AB The Australian Brush-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa sensu lato) has a broad but highly fragmented distribution around the periphery of the Australian continent and all populations are under significant ongoing threat to survival. A new appraisal of morphological and molecular diversity within the group reveals that the population in the 'Top End' of the Northern Territory is specifically distinct from all others, including those in the Kimberley region of Western Australia to the west and on Cape York of Queensland to the east. The name P. pirata Thomas, 1904 is available for the 'Top End' taxon. Three geographically disjunct populations are distinguished at subspecies level within P. tapoatafa on a suite of external and cranio-dental features; these are found in southeast Australia from South Australia to mid-coastal Queensland (nominotypical tapoatafa), southwest Western Australia (wambenger subsp. nov.), and the Kimberley region of Western Australia (kimberleyensis subsp. nov.). A potential fourth subspecies occurs on Cape York but remains too poorly represented in collections for adequate characterization. Molecular divergence estimates based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene indicate that the range disjunction across southern Australia probably dates from the Late Pliocene, with the multiple disjunctions across northern Australia being more recent though almost certainly exceeding 400,000 years. An argument is made for the continued use of the subspecies rank in Australian mammalogy, despite a general lack of consistency in its current application. C1 [Aplin, K. P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rhind, S. G.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Conservat Biol & Environm Management, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Ten Have, J.] Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Chesser, R. T.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Aplin, KP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM aplink@si.edu; srhind@uow.edu.au; johanna.tenhave@daff.gov.au; chessert@si.edu FU Myer Foundation; Equity Trust (Albert George Youngman Estate) FX The laboratory work on which this study is based was undertaken while KA, JTH and RTC were staff of the Australian National Wildlife Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial and Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, A.C.T., Australia. We thank staff of CSIRO for providing library and computing facilities. All SEM images were taken by KA while holding a Visiting Professorship at the Kyoto University Museum. Funding for the new genetic work was provided by the Myer Foundation and Equity Trust (Albert George Youngman Estate). Dr Fred Ford and Dr Angela Frost assisted with photography and Angela Frost also produced the numerous figures. Peter Spencer supplied chromatographs to allow rescoring of some sequences produced during the earlier genetic study. Special thanks to Jiri and Marie Lochman for allowing us to reproduce their wonderful images of brush-tailed phascogales. The manuscript was greatly improved by the critical assessments of three anonymous reviewers and of Philippe Gaubert, the Mammalia taxon editor for Zootaxa. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 177 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 8 PY 2015 VL 4055 IS 1 BP 1 EP 73 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4055.1.1 PG 73 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CX7NT UT WOS:000365889500001 PM 26701461 ER PT J AU Huang, CQ Ling, PY Zhu, ZL AF Huang, Chengquan Ling, Pui-Yu Zhu, Zhiliang TI North Carolina's forest disturbance and timber production assessed using time series Landsat observations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE timber products output; remote sensing; vegetation change tracker ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CHANGE TRACKER MODEL; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; FRAGMENTATION; SEGMENTATION; MISSISSIPPI; ACCURACY; DYNAMICS; ALABAMA; IMAGERY AB Wood products provide a relatively long-term carbon storage mechanism. Due to lack of consistent datasets on these products, however, it is difficult to determine their carbon contents. The main purpose of this study was to quantify forest disturbance and timber product output (TPO) using time series Landsat observations for North Carolina. The results revealed that North Carolina had an average forest disturbance rate of 178,000 ha per year from 1985 to 2010. The derived disturbance products were found to be highly correlated with TPO survey data, explaining up to 87% of the total variance of county level industrial roundwood production. State level TPO estimates derived using the Landsat-based disturbance products tracked those derived from ground-based survey data closely. The TPO modeling approach developed in this study complements the ground-based TPO surveys conducted by the US Forest Service. It allows derivation of TPO estimates for the years that did not have TPO survey data, and may be applicable in other regions or countries where at least some ground-based survey data on timber production are available for model development and dense time series Landsat observations exist for developing annual forest disturbance products. C1 [Huang, Chengquan; Ling, Pui-Yu] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cqhuang@umd.edu FU NASA; US Geological Survey; USDA Forest Service FX This study contributes to the North American Carbon Program, with grant support from NASA's Land Cover and Land Use Change, Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs. Additional support was provided by the US Geological Survey and USDA Forest Service. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 EI 1753-8955 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 947 EP 969 DI 10.1080/17538947.2015.1034200 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA DB5JW UT WOS:000368551400001 ER PT J AU Bonar, SA Mercado-Silva, N Rahr, M Torrey, YT Cate, A AF Bonar, Scott A. Mercado-Silva, Norman Rahr, Matt Torrey, Yuta T. Cate, Averill, Jr. TI A Simple Web-Based Tool to Compare Freshwater Fish Data Collected Using AFS Standard Methods SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PROGRESS AB The American Fisheries Society (AFS) recently published Standard Methods for Sampling North American Freshwater Fishes. Enlisting the expertise of 284 scientists from 107 organizations throughout Canada, Mexico, and the United States, this text was developed to facilitate comparisons of fish data across regions or time. Here we describe a user-friendly web tool that automates among-sample comparisons in individual fish condition, population length-frequency distributions, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) data collected using AFS standard methods. Currently, the web tool (1) provides instantaneous summaries of almost 4,000 data sets of condition, length frequency, and CPUE of common freshwater fishes collected using standard gears in 43 states and provinces; (2) is easily appended with new standardized field data to update subsequent queries and summaries; (3) compares fish data from a particular water body with continent, ecoregion, and state data summaries; and (4) provides additional information about AFS standard fish sampling including benefits, ongoing validation studies, and opportunities to comment on specific methods. The web tool-programmed in a PHP-based Drupal framework-was supported by several AFS Sections, agencies, and universities and is freely available from the AFS website and fisheriesstandardsampling.org. With widespread use, the online tool could become an important resource for fisheries biologists. C1 [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mercado-Silva, Norman] Colegio Frontera Sur Unidad Chetumal, Dept Sistemat & Ecol Acuat, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Rahr, Matt; Torrey, Yuta T.] Univ Arizona, Commun & Technol, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cate, Averill, Jr.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU University of Oregon; USGS, Cooperative Research Units; Loftus Consulting; USGS, Biological Informatics; U.S. Forest Service; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; USGS, National Climate Change and Wildlife Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); AFS; Golder and Associates; NPS; Ohio DNR; Iowa DNR; Google; Desert Southwest Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit; University of Arizona; USFWS; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Michigan DNR FX For programming assistance, advice about the web tool, funding, or help with design, we thank Alison Iles, University of Oregon; Joseph Margraf, USGS, Cooperative Research Units; Andrew Loftus, Loftus Consulting; Andrea Ostroff, USGS, Biological Informatics; Amy Unthank, U.S. Forest Service; Robert Curry, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Douglas Beard, USGS, National Climate Change and Wildlife Center; Doug Austen, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and AFS; Gary Ash, Golder and Associates; John Wullschleger, NPS; Kevin Kayle, Ohio DNR; Kevin Whalen and Don Dennerline, USGS, Cooperative Research Units; Jeff Kopaska, Iowa DNR; Kathryn Hurley and Christiaan Adams, Google; Larry Norris, Desert Southwest Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit; Patrick Barabe, Margrit McIntosh, Andrew Honaman, and Tracey Hummel, University of Arizona; Mark Brouder, USFWS; Mark Porath, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Ron Essig, USFWS; Gary Whelan, Michigan DNR; and Wayne Hubert, USGS, Cooperative Research Units. We thank Richard Stanton and Jim Bankson from Tanque Verde Ranch Resort for their collaboration on Arizona pond sampling. We thank anonymous reviewers and AFS editors for their helpful comments that fine-tuned the article. The web tool would not be possible without the assistance and work of numerous other contributors to efforts to standardize sampling methods in North America. No animals were involved in the research. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 12 BP 580 EP 589 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CY4FQ UT WOS:000366364400003 ER PT J AU Houghton, J Holt, MM Giles, DA Hanson, MB Emmons, CK Hogan, JT Branch, TA VanBlaricom, GR AF Houghton, Juliana Holt, Marla M. Giles, Deborah A. Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Hogan, Jeffrey T. Branch, Trevor A. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. TI The Relationship between Vessel Traffic and Noise Levels Received by Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER NOISE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WATCHING BOATS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; CALLS AB Whale watching has become increasingly popular as an ecotourism activity around the globe and is beneficial for environmental education and local economies. Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) comprise an endangered population that is frequently observed by a large whale watching fleet in the inland waters of Washington state and British Columbia. One of the factors identified as a risk to recovery for the population is the effect of vessels and associated noise. An examination of the effects of vessels and associated noise on whale behavior utilized novel equipment to address limitations of previous studies. Digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) measured the noise levels the tagged whales received while laser positioning systems allowed collection of geo-referenced data for tagged whales and all vessels within 1000 m of the tagged whale. The objective of the current study was to compare vessel data and DTAG recordings to relate vessel traffic to the ambient noise received by tagged whales. Two analyses were conducted, one including all recording intervals, and one that excluded intervals when only the research vessel was present. For all data, significant predictors of noise levels were length (inverse relationship), number of propellers, and vessel speed, but only 15% of the variation in noise was explained by this model. When research-vessel-only intervals were excluded, vessel speed was the only significant predictor of noise levels, and explained 42% of the variation. Simple linear regressions (ignoring covariates) found that average vessel speed and number of propellers were the only significant correlates with noise levels. We conclude that vessel speed is the most important predictor of noise levels received by whales in this study. Thus, measures that reduce vessel speed in the vicinity of killer whales would reduce noise exposure in this population. C1 [Houghton, Juliana; Branch, Trevor A.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holt, Marla M.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Emmons, Candice K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Giles, Deborah A.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hogan, Jeffrey T.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA USA. RP Houghton, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stephj5@uw.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Fisheries Ocean Acoustics Program; NOAA Northwest Regional Office through Cascadia Research Collective; University of Washington (UW) School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; UW College of Environment; Motion Picture Exhibitors of WA, AK OR Scholarship FX This work has been funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries Ocean Acoustics Program, NOAA Northwest Regional Office through Cascadia Research Collective, the University of Washington (UW) School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, the UW College of the Environment, and the Motion Picture Exhibitors of WA, AK & OR Scholarship. MMH, MBH, and CKE are employees of Northwest Fisheries Science Center. The other funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 60 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0140119 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140119 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8BI UT WOS:000365926300004 PM 26629916 ER PT J AU Jacques, CN Jenks, JA Grovenburg, TW Klaver, RW AF Jacques, Christopher N. Jenks, Jonathan A. Grovenburg, Troy W. Klaver, Robert W. TI Influence of Habitat and Intrinsic Characteristics on Survival of Neonatal Pronghorn SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; WESTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; LARGE HERBIVORES; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MULE DEER; BIRTH SYNCHRONY; SITE SELECTION AB Increased understanding of the influence of habitat (e.g., composition, patch size) and intrinsic (e.g., age, birth mass) factors on survival of neonatal pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) is a prerequisite to successful management programs, particularly as they relate to population dynamics and the role of population models in adaptive species management. Nevertheless, few studies have presented empirical data quantifying the influence of habitat variables on survival of neonatal pronghorn. During 2002-2005, we captured and radiocollared 116 neonates across two sites in western South Dakota. We documented 31 deaths during our study, of which coyote (Canis latrans) predation (n = 15) was the leading cause of mortality. We used known fate analysis in Program MARK to investigate the influence of intrinsic and habitat variables on neonatal survival. We generated a priori models that we grouped into habitat and intrinsic effects. The highest-ranking model indicated that neonate mortality was best explained by site, percent grassland, and open water habitat; 90-day survival (0.80; 90% CI = 0.71-0.88) declined 23% when grassland and water increased from 80.1 to 92.3% and 0.36 to 0.40%, respectively, across 50% natal home ranges. Further, our results indicated that grassland patch size and shrub density were important predictors of neonate survival; neonate survival declined 17% when shrub density declined from 5.0 to 2.5 patches per 100 ha. Excluding the site covariates, intrinsic factors (i. e., sex, age, birth mass, year, parturition date) were not important predictors of survival of neonatal pronghorns. Further, neonatal survival may depend on available land cover and interspersion of habitats. We have demonstrated that maintaining minimum and maximum thresholds for habitat factors (e. g., percentages of grassland and open water patches, density of shrub patches) throughout natal home ranges will in turn, ensure relatively high (> 0.50) neonatal survival rates, especially as they relate to coyote predation. Thus, landscape level variables (particularly percentages of open water, grassland habitats, and shrub density) should be incorporated into the development or implementation of pronghorn management plans across sagebrush steppe communities of the western Dakotas, and potentially elsewhere within the geographic range of pronghorn. C1 [Jacques, Christopher N.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Grovenburg, Troy W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Jacques, CN (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM cn-jacques@wiu.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [75103]; National Park Service; Pope and Young Club; Safari Club International; South Dakota State University FX Funding was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration administered by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, Study No. 75103, the National Park Service administered through the South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at South Dakota State University, the Pope and Young Club, Safari Club International, and South Dakota State University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0144026 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144026 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8BI UT WOS:000365926300139 PM 26630484 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Bentley, SJ Snedden, GA White, C AF Smith, James E. Bentley, Samuel J. Snedden, Gregg A. White, Crawford TI What Role do Hurricanes Play in Sediment Delivery to Subsiding River Deltas? SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI DELTA; LOUISIANA; WETLANDS; ESTUARY; MARSHES; COAST AB The Mississippi River Delta (MRD) has undergone tremendous land loss over the past century due to natural and anthropogenic influences, a fate shared by many river deltas globally. A globally unprecedented effort to restore and sustain the remaining subaerial portions of the delta is now underway, an endeavor that is expected to cost $50-100B over the next 50 yr. Success of this effort requires a thorough understanding of natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment supply and delta geomorphology. In the MRD, hurricanes have been paradoxically identified as both substantial agents of widespread land loss, and vertical marsh sediment accretion. We present the first multidecadal chronostratigraphic assessment of sediment supply for a major coastal basin of the MRD that assesses both fluvial and hurricane-induced contributions to sediment accumulation in deltaic wetlands. Our findings indicate that over multidecadal timescales, hurricane-induced sediment delivery may be an important contributor for deltaic wetland vertical accretion, but the contribution from hurricanes to long-term sediment accumulation is substantially less than sediment delivery supplied by existing and planned river-sediment diversions at present-day river-sediment loads. C1 [Smith, James E.; Bentley, Samuel J.; White, Crawford] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Smith, James E.; Bentley, Samuel J.; White, Crawford] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Snedden, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Bentley, SJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sjb@lsu.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers New Orleans District; National Science Foundation via Coastal SEES Award [1427389]; Billy and Ann Harrison Endowment for Sedimentary Geology of the Louisiana State University Foundation FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the US Army Corps of Engineers New Orleans District for core collection and compositional analysis. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation via Coastal SEES Award #1427389, and the Billy and Ann Harrison Endowment for Sedimentary Geology of the Louisiana State University Foundation. Sarai Piazza and two anonymous reviewers also provided critical review of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17582 DI 10.1038/srep17582 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX3ZJ UT WOS:000365637700001 PM 26628104 ER PT J AU Baker, PA Fritz, SC Silva, CG Rigsby, CA Absy, ML Almeida, RP Caputo, M Chiessi, CM Cruz, FW Dick, CW Feakins, SJ Figueiredo, J Freeman, KH Hoorn, C Jaramillo, C Kern, AK Latrubesse, EM Ledru, MP Marzoli, A Myrbo, A Noren, A Piller, WE Ramos, MIF Ribas, CC Trnadade, R West, AJ Wahnfried, I Willard, DA AF Baker, P. A. Fritz, S. C. Silva, C. G. Rigsby, C. A. Absy, M. L. Almeida, R. P. Caputo, M. Chiessi, C. M. Cruz, F. W. Dick, C. W. Feakins, S. J. Figueiredo, J. Freeman, K. H. Hoorn, C. Jaramillo, C. Kern, A. K. Latrubesse, E. M. Ledru, M. P. Marzoli, A. Myrbo, A. Noren, A. Piller, W. E. Ramos, M. I. F. Ribas, C. C. Trnadade, R. West, A. J. Wahnfried, I. Willard, D. A. TI Trans-Amazon Drilling Project (TADP): origins and evolution of the forests, climate, and hydrology of the South American tropics SO SCIENTIFIC DRILLING LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC MAGMATIC PROVINCE; TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTION; NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; LATE MIOCENE RISE; SOLIMOES FORMATION; BIODIVERSITY; UPLIFT; DIVERSIFICATION; HISTORY; ALTIPLANO AB This article presents the scientific rationale for an ambitious ICDP drilling project to continuously sample Late Cretaceous to modern sediment in four different sedimentary basins that transect the equatorial Amazon of Brazil, from the Andean foreland to the Atlantic Ocean. The goals of this project are to document the evolution of plant biodiversity in the Amazon forests and to relate biotic diversification to changes in the physical environment, including climate, tectonism, and the surface landscape. These goals require long sedimentary records from each of the major sedimentary basins across the heart of the Brazilian Amazon, which can only be obtained by drilling because of the scarcity of Cenozoic outcrops. The proposed drilling will provide the first long, nearly continuous regional records of the Cenozoic history of the forests, their plant diversity, and the associated changes in climate and environment. It also will address fundamental questions about landscape evolution, including the history of Andean uplift and erosion as recorded in Andean foreland basins and the development of west-to-east hydrologic continuity between the Andes, the Amazon lowlands, and the equatorial Atlantic. Because many modern rivers of the Amazon basin flow along the major axes of the old sedimentary basins, we plan to locate drill sites on the margin of large rivers and to access the targeted drill sites by navigation along these rivers. C1 [Baker, P. A.] Duke Univ, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Baker, P. A.; Rigsby, C. A.] Yachay Tech Univ, San Miguel De Urcuqui, Imbabura, Ecuador. [Fritz, S. C.] Univ Nebraska, Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Silva, C. G.] Univ Fed Fluminense, Dept Geol, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. [Rigsby, C. A.] East Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC USA. [Absy, M. L.; Ribas, C. C.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Almeida, R. P.; Chiessi, C. M.; Cruz, F. W.; Kern, A. K.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Caputo, M.] Geoarte Consultoria Geol & Artist Ltda, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Dick, C. W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Feakins, S. J.; West, A. J.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Figueiredo, J.] OGX Oil & Gas Brazil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Freeman, K. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, State Coll, PA USA. [Hoorn, C.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyt Dynam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Latrubesse, E. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geog, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ledru, M. P.] Univ Montpellier, Inst Rech Dev, Montpellier, France. [Marzoli, A.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, Padua, Italy. [Myrbo, A.; Noren, A.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Limnol Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Piller, W. E.] Graz Univ, Inst Earth Sci, Graz, Austria. [Ramos, M. I. F.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Trnadade, R.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Fac Oceanog, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Wahnfried, I.] Univ Fed Amazonas, Dept Geociencias, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Willard, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Baker, PA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM pbaker@duke.edu RI Almeida, Renato/G-2567-2013; Chiessi, Cristiano/E-1916-2012; Feakins, Sarah/K-4149-2012 OI Almeida, Renato/0000-0003-3664-1558; Chiessi, Cristiano/0000-0003-3318-8022; MARZOLI, ANDREA/0000-0003-0093-2759; Feakins, Sarah/0000-0003-3434-2423 NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1816-8957 EI 1816-3459 J9 SCI DRILL JI Sci. Drill. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.5194/sd-20-41-2015 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DQ7XY UT WOS:000379423200006 ER PT J AU Jackson, MD Gudmundsson, MT Bach, W Cappelletti, P Coleman, NJ Ivarsson, M Jonasson, K Jorgensen, SL Marteinsson, V McPhie, J Moore, JG Nielson, D Rhodes, JM Rispoli, C Schiffman, P Stefansson, A Turke, A Vanorio, T Weisenberger, TB White, JDL Zierenberg, R Zimanowski, B AF Jackson, M. D. Gudmundsson, M. T. Bach, W. Cappelletti, P. Coleman, N. J. Ivarsson, M. Jonasson, K. Jorgensen, S. L. Marteinsson, V. McPhie, J. Moore, J. G. Nielson, D. Rhodes, J. M. Rispoli, C. Schiffman, P. Stefansson, A. Tuerke, A. Vanorio, T. Weisenberger, T. B. White, J. D. L. Zierenberg, R. Zimanowski, B. TI Time-lapse characterization of hydrothermal seawater and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra at Surtsey Volcano SO SCIENTIFIC DRILLING LA English DT Article ID AL-TOBERMORITE; SEA-FLOOR; CONCRETE; ICELAND; DIVERSITY; OCEAN; EXCHANGERS; SERIES; GLASS; LIFE AB A new International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) project will drill through the 50-year-old edifice of Surtsey Volcano, the youngest of the Vestmannaeyjar Islands along the south coast of Iceland, to perform interdisciplinary time-lapse investigations of hydrothermal and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra. The volcano, created in 1963-1967 by submarine and subaerial basaltic eruptions, was first drilled in 1979. In October 2014, a workshop funded by the ICDP convened 24 scientists from 10 countries for 3 and a half days on Heimaey Island to develop scientific objectives, site the drill holes, and organize logistical support. Representatives of the Surtsey Research Society and Environment Agency of Iceland also participated. Scientific themes focus on further determinations of the structure and eruptive processes of the type locality of Surtseyan volcanism, descriptions of changes in fluid geochemistry and microbial colonization of the subterrestrial deposits since drilling 35 years ago, and monitoring the evolution of hydrothermal and biological processes within the tephra deposits far into the future through the installation of a Surtsey subsurface observatory. The tephra deposits provide a geologic analog for developing specialty concretes with pyroclastic rock and evaluating their long-term performance under diverse hydrothermal conditions. Abstracts of research projects are posted at http://surtsey.icdp-online.org. C1 [Jackson, M. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gudmundsson, M. T.; Stefansson, A.] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Nordvulk, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Bach, W.; Tuerke, A.] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, Bremen, Germany. [Cappelletti, P.; Rispoli, C.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse DiSTAR, Naples, Italy. [Coleman, N. J.] Univ Greenwich, Dept Pharmaceut Chem & Environm Sci, London SE18 6PF, Kent, England. [Ivarsson, M.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeobiol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Jonasson, K.] Icelandic Inst Nat Hist, Gardabaer, Iceland. [Jorgensen, S. L.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Ctr Geobiol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Marteinsson, V.] Matis, Food Safety Environm & Genet, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Marteinsson, V.] Agr Univ Iceland, IS-311 Hvanneyri, Borgarnes, Iceland. [McPhie, J.] Univ Tasmania, Dept Earth Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Moore, J. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nielson, D.] DOSECC Explorat Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Rhodes, J. M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Schiffman, P.; Zierenberg, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vanorio, T.] Stanford Rock Phys Lab, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA USA. [Weisenberger, T. B.] Iceland GeoSurvey, ISOR, Reykjavik, Iceland. [White, J. D. L.] Univ Otago, Dept Geol, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Zimanowski, B.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Jackson, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdjjackson@gmail.com RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012; Bach, Wolfgang/D-3713-2017; OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355; Bach, Wolfgang/0000-0002-3099-7142; Cappelletti, Piergiulio/0000-0001-5396-8259; Jackson, Marie D./0000-0002-5180-3060 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1816-8957 EI 1816-3459 J9 SCI DRILL JI Sci. Drill. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.5194/sd-20-51-2015 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DQ7XY UT WOS:000379423200007 ER PT J AU Morrow, C Lockner, DA Hickman, S AF Morrow, C. Lockner, D. A. Hickman, S. TI Low resistivity and permeability in actively deforming shear zones on the San Andreas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FAULT GOUGE; COMPLEX RESISTIVITY; DEPTH SAFOD; EARTHQUAKE; CORE; ROCKS; SERPENTINITE; CALIFORNIA; STRENGTH; TAIWAN AB The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) scientific drill hole near Parkfield, California, crosses the San Andreas Fault at a depth of 2.7 km. Downhole measurements and analysis of core retrieved from Phase 3 drilling reveal two narrow, actively deforming zones of smectite-clay gouge within a roughly 200 m wide fault damage zone of sandstones, siltstones, and mudstones. Here we report electrical resistivity and permeability measurements on core samples from all of these structural units at effective confining pressures up to 120 MPa. Electrical resistivity (similar to 10 Omega-m) and permeability (10(-21) to 10(-22) m(2)) in the actively deforming zones were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than the surrounding damage zone material, consistent with broader-scale observations from the downhole resistivity and seismic velocity logs. The higher porosity of the clay gouge, 2 to 8 times greater than that in the damage zone rocks, along with surface conduction were the principal factors contributing to the observed low resistivities. The high percentage of fine-grained clay in the deforming zones also greatly reduced permeability to values low enough to create a barrier to fluid flow across the fault. Together, resistivity and permeability data can be used to assess the hydrogeologic characteristics of the fault, key to understanding fault structure and strength. The low resistivities and strength measurements of the SAFOD core are consistent with observations of low resistivity clays that are often found in the principal slip zones of other active faults making resistivity logs a valuable tool for identifying these zones. C1 [Morrow, C.; Lockner, D. A.; Hickman, S.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Morrow, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cmorrow@usgs.gov FU NEHRP FX Supporting data for this paper are included in Table 1. Additional data may be obtained from C.M. (e-mail: cmorrow@usgs.gov). This project was funded by NEHRP. Thanks to Malcolm Johnston, Stephen Park, Hiroki Sone, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 8240 EP 8258 DI 10.1002/2015JB012214 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DG6OG UT WOS:000372204600016 ER PT J AU Boghosian, A Tinto, K Cochran, JR Porter, D Elieff, S Burton, BL Bell, RE AF Boghosian, Alexandra Tinto, Kirsty Cochran, James R. Porter, David Elieff, Stefan Burton, Bethany L. Bell, Robin E. TI Resolving bathymetry from airborne gravity along Greenland fjords SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; ICE-SHEET; WEST ANTARCTICA; OCEAN WATERS; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; SHELF; ACCELERATION; BENEATH; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB Recent glacier mass loss in Greenland has been attributed to encroaching warming waters, but knowledge of fjord bathymetry is required to investigate this mechanism. The bathymetry in many Greenland fjords is unmapped and difficult to measure. From 2010 to 2012, National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Operation IceBridge collected a unique set of airborne gravity, magnetic, radar, and lidar data along the major outlet glaciers and fjords in Greenland. We applied a consistent technique using the IceBridge gravity data to create 90 bathymetric profiles along 54 Greenland fjords. We also used this technique to recover subice topography where warmor crevassed ice prevents the radar system from imaging the bed. Here we discuss our methodology, basic assumptions and error analysis. We present the new bathymetry data and discuss observations in six major regions of Greenland covered by IceBridge. The gravity models provide a total of 1950 line kilometers of bathymetry, 875 line kilometers of subice topography, and 12 new grounding line depths. C1 [Boghosian, Alexandra; Tinto, Kirsty; Cochran, James R.; Porter, David; Bell, Robin E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Elieff, Stefan] Sander Geophys Ltd, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Burton, Bethany L.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Boghosian, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. EM alb@Ideo.columbia.edu RI Porter, David/D-2631-2017 OI Porter, David/0000-0002-9724-7303 FU NASA [NNX13AD25A, NNX12AB70G] FX All data from the OIB Greenland campaigns are archived at NSIDC and are available at http://nsidc.org/data/igbth4. This work was undertaken as part of NASA grants NNX13AD25A and NNX12AB70G and carried out at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. Thanks go to all participants of Operation IceBridge, especially the Sander Geophysics field crews, Michael Studinger, John Sonntag, the ATM and MCoRDS teams, and the crews of the NASA P3 and DC8. Thanks also go to Carol Finn for overseeing the USGS magnetics effort for OIB. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments, questions, and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. The results presented in this paper make use of data collected at magnetic observatories. We thank the national institutes that support them and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice (www.intermagnet.org). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 8516 EP 8533 DI 10.1002/2015JB012129 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DG6OG UT WOS:000372204600030 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, BT Plant, NG Thieler, ER Turecek, A AF Gutierrez, Benjamin T. Plant, Nathaniel G. Thieler, E. Robert Turecek, Aaron TI Using a Bayesian network to predict barrier island geomorphologic characteristics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MORPHOLOGICAL-BEHAVIOR MODEL; SCALE COASTAL CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; BEACH EROSION; SANDY BEACHES; LONG-TERM; STORM; LOUISIANA AB Quantifying geomorphic variability of coastal environments is important for understanding and describing the vulnerability of coastal topography, infrastructure, and ecosystems to future storms and sea level rise. Here we use a Bayesian network (BN) to test the importance of multiple interactions between barrier island geomorphic variables. This approach models complex interactions and handles uncertainty, which is intrinsic to future sea level rise, storminess, or anthropogenic processes (e.g., beach nourishment and other forms of coastalmanagement). The BN was developed and tested at Assateague Island, Maryland/Virginia, USA, a barrier island with sufficient geomorphic and temporal variability to evaluate our approach. We tested the ability to predict dune height, beach width, and beach height variables using inputs that included longer-term, larger-scale, or external variables (historical shoreline change rates, distances to inlets, barrier width, mean barrier elevation, and anthropogenic modification). Data sets from three different years spanning nearly a decade sampled substantial temporal variability and serve as a proxy for analysis of future conditions. We show that distinct geomorphic conditions are associated with different long-term shoreline change rates and that the most skillful predictions of dune height, beach width, and beach height depend on including multiple input variables simultaneously. The predictive relationships are robust to variations in the amount of input data and to variations in model complexity. The resulting model can be used to evaluate scenarios related to coastal management plans and/or future scenarios where shoreline change rates may differ from those observed historically. C1 [Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Gutierrez, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bgutierrez@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank Anne Hecht of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for providing the impetus for this study and for introducing us into the migratory shorebird research community. We thank Sarah Karpanty, Katy Gieder, Jim Fraser, and Dan Catlin of the Virginia Tech Department of Wildlife Conservation for their collaboration on this project. We thank Bill Hulslander, Jack Kumer, Tami Pearl, and Neil Winn of the National Park Service Assateague Island National Seashore for their willingness to provide access to the seashore and guidance regarding existing and data observations about the Assateague Island barrier island. We are also grateful to Dean Gesch and Jeff Danielson of the USGS EROS Data Center for their assistance in defining lidar elevation-based shorelines referenced to local tidal datums. We also appreciate assistance from Mike Fienen of the USGS Wisconsin Water Science Center who provided computer codes to implement model calibration and validation that is reported in the appendix. We thank Soupy Dalyander and Davina Passeri of the USGS, Evan Goldstein, Jesse McNinch, four anonymous reviewers, and the Editors for critical reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank JGR-ES Editor Giovanni Coco for his persistent and patient treatment of the revisions of this paper. The data used in this study are available from the U.S. Geological Survey as noted in section 3 as supporting information with this article, and the results reported here can be obtained from the first author. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 2452 EP 2475 DI 10.1002/2015JF003671 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DD5EH UT WOS:000369944900002 ER PT J AU Barr, CB Gibson, JR Diaz, PH AF Barr, Cheryl B. Gibson, J. Randy Diaz, Peter H. TI TYPHLOELMIS BARR (COLEOPTERA: ELMIDAE: ELMINAE), A NEW STYGOBIONTIC RIFFLE BEETLE GENUS WITH THREE NEW SPECIES FROM TEXAS, USA SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; aquatic beetles; larva; stygofauna; Edwards-Trinity Aquifer; karst spring ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; DYTISCIDAE-HYDROPORINAE; DIVING BEETLES; WATER BEETLE; SP-NOV; GROUNDWATER; SPRINGS; CONSERVATION; AUSTRALIA; AQUIFER AB The adult and larva of Typhloelmis Barr, a new genus of eyeless, stygobiontic elmid from springs in west-central Texas, and the adults of three new species, Typhloelmis caroline Barr, Typhloelmis finegan Barr, and Typhloelmis sanfelipe Barr, are described, diagnosed, and illustrated. Taxonomic couplets are provided for the insertion of the new genus into existing adult elmid generic keys, and an adult key to the species of Typhloelmis is included. Stygobiontic elmids are reviewed, and the uniqueness of Typhloelmis is discussed. Typhloelmis is the first stygobiontic elmid genus reported from the Nearctic ecozone and is the seventh described worldwide. It is only the second elmid genus known to be anophthalmic (completely eyeless). The Edwards-Trinity Aquifer and the spring habitat in which the genus and species occur are described in detail, and potential threats are discussed. C1 [Barr, Cheryl B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Essig Museum Entomol, 1101 Valley Life Sci Bldg,4780, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gibson, J. Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Diaz, Peter H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Texas Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Barr, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Essig Museum Entomol, 1101 Valley Life Sci Bldg,4780, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cbarr@berkeley.edu; randy_gibson@fws.gov; pete_diaz@fws.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 69 IS 4 BP 531 EP 558 DI 10.1649/0010-065X-69.4.531 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DE8OK UT WOS:000370895600001 ER PT J AU Huston, DC Gibson, JR Ostrand, KG Norris, CW Diaz, PH AF Huston, Daniel C. Gibson, J. Randy Ostrand, Kenneth G. Norris, Chad W. Diaz, Peter H. TI MONITORING AND MARKING TECHNIQUES FOR THE ENDANGERED COMAL SPRINGS RIFFLE BEETLE, HETERELMIS COMALENSIS BOSSE, TUFF, AND BROWN, 1988 (COLEOPTERA: ELMIDAE) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cotton cloth lures; mark-recapture; federally endangered invertebrates; aquatic endemics; Stygoparnus comalensis; Stygobromus pecki ID DYTISCIDAE HYDROPORINAE; TEXAS; GENUS; USA; INVERTEBRATES; MILLER AB Two monitoring methods for the endangered Comal Springs riffle beetle, Heterelmis comalensis Bosse, Tuff, and Brown, 1988, were evaluated. The first used cotton cloth "lures" lodged within the substrate in close proximity to spring openings. The second evaluated the feasibility of marking H. comalensis with paint. During our evaluation, biofilms grew upon the lures over time, and within two weeks H. comalensis were collected. Numbers of H. comalensis (mean = 23, range = 4-53) collected from lures peaked at 10 weeks and then began to decline as the cotton cloth lures began to decompose. Three other invertebrate species, the riffle beetle Microcylloepus pusillus (LeConte, 1852), the endangered Comal Springs dryopid beetle Stygoparnus comalensis Barr and Spangler, 1992, and the endangered Peck's cave amphipod, Stygobromus pecki (Holsinger, 1967), were also collected from the lures, suggesting that this technique may have broad applicability as a passive monitoring tool for interstitial aquatic endemics and other endangered species. All species, including H. comalensis, were readily quantified, and the technique allowed for specimens to be returned alive to their site of capture. Marking H. comalensis elytra with paint was a feasible technique because marks were retained for up to three months; however, it may be more practical for laboratory experimentation rather than field use because it is time-consuming and labor intensive. Recapture rates for marked individuals were low in situ, most likely due to unknown factors such as movement, dispersal, and the ratio of individuals marked compared to the population size. Nevertheless, our evaluation suggests that these two techniques in combination may provide a valid means to monitor and evaluate population trends of H. comalensis without negatively affecting the species. C1 [Huston, Daniel C.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Gibson, J. Randy; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Norris, Chad W.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Water Resources Branch, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Diaz, Peter H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Texas Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Huston, DC (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM Hustondanielc@gmail.com; Randy_Gibson@fws.gov; Kenneth_Ostrand@fws.gov; Chad.Norris@tpwd.state.tx.us; Pete_Diaz@fws.gov OI Huston, Daniel Colgan/0000-0002-1015-4703 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 69 IS 4 BP 793 EP 798 DI 10.1649/0010-065X-69.4.793 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DE8OK UT WOS:000370895600029 ER PT J AU Barber-Meyer, SM Mech, LD AF Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. Mech, L. David TI Evaluation of a Formula that Categorizes Female Gray Wolf Breeding Status by Nipple Size SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY; WOLVES; AGE; MINNESOTA AB The proportion by age class of wild Canis lupus (Gray Wolf) females that reproduce in any given year remains unclear; thus, we evaluated the applicability to our long-term (1972-2013) data set of the Mech et al. (1993) formula that categorizes female Gray Wolf breeding status by nipple size and time of year. We used the formula to classify Gray Wolves from 68 capture events into 4 categories (yearling, adult non-breeder, former breeder, current breeder). To address issues with small sample size and variance, we created an ambiguity index to allow some Gray Wolves to be classed into 2 categories. We classified 20 nipple measurements ambiguously: 16 current or former breeder, 3 former or adult non-breeder, and 1 yearling or adult non-breeder. The formula unambiguously classified 48 (71%) of the nipple measurements; based on supplemental field evidence, at least 5 (10%) of these were incorrect. When used in conjunction with an ambiguity index we developed and with corrections made for classifications involving very large nipples, and supplemented with available field evidence, the Mech et al. (1993) formula provided reasonably reliable classification of breeding status in wild female Gray Wolves. C1 [Barber-Meyer, Shannon M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Barber-Meyer, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1393 Highway 169, Ely, MN 55731 USA. EM sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov OI Barber-Meyer, Shannon/0000-0002-3048-2616 FU US Geological Survey FX This project was supported by the US Geological Survey. We thank M.E. Nelson and numerous volunteer technicians. We are grateful to the sponsors and organizers of the European Large Carnivores: Problems of Small-sized Populations, Study on Reproduction, and Challenges of Reintroduction Programs Conference in Krasny Bor, Belarus, September 2014. We thank Lori Schmidt (International Wolf Center and Vermilion Community College, Ely, MN) and Ellen Heilhecker (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) for reviewing an earlier draft. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 652 EP 657 DI 10.1656/045.022.0402 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PP UT WOS:000370899000001 ER PT J AU Dittman, DE Chalupnicki, MA Johnson, JH Snyder, J AF Dittman, Dawn E. Chalupnicki, Marc A. Johnson, James H. Snyder, James TI Reintroduction of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) into the St. Regis River, NY: Post- Release Assessment of Habitat Use and Growth SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; BIOLOGY AB One of the depleted endemic fish species of the Great Lakes, Acipenser fulvescens (Lake Sturgeon), has been the target of extensive conservation efforts. One strategy is reintroduction into historically productive waters. The St. Regis River, NY, represents one such adaptive-management effort, with shared management between New York and the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe. Between 1998 and 2004, a total of 4977 young-of-year Lake Sturgeon were released. Adaptive management requires intermediate progress metrics. During 2004 and 2005, we measured growth, habitat use, and survivorship metrics of the released fish. We captured a total of 95 individuals of all stocked ages. Year-class minimal- survival rates ranged from 0.19-2.1%. The size-at-age and length/biomass relationships were comparable to those reported for juveniles in other Great Lakes waters. These intermediate assessment metrics can provide feedback to resource managers who make restoration-program decisions on a much shorter time-scale than the time-frame in which the ultimate goal of a self-sustaining population can be attained. C1 [Dittman, Dawn E.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Snyder, James] St Regis Mohawk Tribe Environm Div, Hogansburg, NY 13655 USA. RP Dittman, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM ddittman@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 FU USEPA [DW-14-94806801-0] FX Thanks for invaluable assistance with field-work, laboratory work, and analysis go to D. Carlson, R. McDonald, P. Randall, A. Reese, T. Wallbridge, USGS seasonal personnel, and NYSDEC field and hatchery personnel. Major funding was provided by the USEPA Interagency Agreement Number DW-14-94806801-0. This article is Contribution 1967 of the US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Cortland, NY. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 19 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 704 EP 716 DI 10.1656/045.022.0408 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PP UT WOS:000370899000005 ER PT J AU Studdert, EW Johnson, JH AF Studdert, Emily W. Johnson, James H. TI Seasonal Variation in Habitat Use of Juvenile Steelhead in a Tributary of Lake Ontario SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON RESTORATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; NEW-YORK; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GREAT-LAKES; COHO SALMON; STREAM; RIVER; PENNSYLVANIA; SELECTION AB We examined seasonal-habitat use by subyearling and yearling Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow Trout or Steelhead) in Trout Brook, a tributary of the Salmon River, NY. We determined daytime fish-habitat use and available habitat during August and October of the same year and observed differences in habitat selection among year classes. Water depth and cover played the greatest role in Steelhead habitat use. During summer and autumn, we found yearling Steelhead in areas with deeper water and more cover than where we observed subyearling Steelhead. Both year classes sought out areas with abundant cover during both seasons; this habitat was limited within the stream reach. Subyearling Steelhead were associated with more cover during autumn, even though available cover within the stream reach was greater during summer. Principal component analysis showed that variation in seasonal-habitat use was most pronounced for subyearling Steelhead and that yearling Steelhead were more selective in their habitat use than subyearling Steelhead. The results of this study contribute to a greater understanding of how this popular sportfish is adapting to a new environment and the factors that may limit juvenile Steelhead survival. Our findings provide valuable new insights into the seasonal-habitat requirements of subyearling and yearling Steelhead that can be used by fisheries managers to enhance and protect the species throughout the Great Lakes region. C1 [Studdert, Emily W.; Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Studdert, EW (reprint author), Douglaston Salmon Run, Pulaski, NY 13142 USA. EM emwaldt@syr.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 717 EP 729 DI 10.1656/045.022.0409 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PP UT WOS:000370899000006 ER PT J AU Andrews, CS Miranda, LE Kroger, R AF Andrews, Caroline S. Miranda, Leandro E. Kroger, Robert TI Fish and Water Quality in the Forested Wetlands Adjacent to an Oxbow Lake SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LIGHT TRAPS; LARVAL FISH; ABUNDANCE; HYPOXIA; RIVER AB Forested wetlands represent some of the most distinct environments in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Depending on season, water in forested wetlands can be warm, stagnant, and oxygen-depleted, yet may support high fish diversity. Fish assemblages in forested wetlands are not well studied because of difficulties in sampling heavily structured environments. During the April-July period, we surveyed and compared the water quality and assemblages of small fish in a margin wetland (forested fringe along a lake shore), contiguous wetland (forested wetland adjacent to a lake), and the open water of an oxbow lake. Dissolved-oxygen levels measured hourly 0.5 m below the surface were higher in the open water than in either of the forested wetlands. Despite reduced water quality, fish-species richness and catch rates estimated with light traps were greater in the forested wetlands than in the open water. The forested wetlands supported large numbers of fish and unique fish assemblages that included some rare species, likely because of their structural complexity. Programs developed to refine agricultural practices, preserve riparian zones, and restore lakes should include guidance to protect and reestablish forest ed wetlands. C1 [Andrews, Caroline S.; Kroger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, Leandro E.] Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU US Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank D. Devries and E. Dibble for lending us light traps. B. Botti, C. Shoemaker, D. Goetz, E. Mower, L. Kaczka, and M. Arnold provided field support. J. Killgore, D. Faust, and 2 anonymous referees provided helpful reviews. This work was supported in part by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Specimen collections were authorized under Mississippi State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number 08-034. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 4 BP 623 EP 634 DI 10.1656/058.014.0404 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NL UT WOS:000370892600003 ER PT J AU Holcomb, J Rowe, M Williams, J Pursifull, S AF Holcomb, Jordan Rowe, Matthew Williams, Jim Pursifull, Sandra TI Discovery of the Ochlockonee Moccasinshell, Medionidus simpsonianus, in the lower Ochlockonee River, Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB An unknown population of Medionidus simpsonianus (Ochlockonee Moccasinshell) was discovered in the lower Ochlockonee River downstream of Jackson Bluff Dam in 2014. This discovery confirms that the species is extant, extends its known range by nearly 100 rkm, and represents only the second known collection of this species in the lower Ochlockonee River Basin. Ochlockonee Moccasinshell is endemic to the Ochlockonee River Basin (ORB) in Florida and Georgia. It was historically known from 9 locations in the upper ORB upstream of Lake Talquin and from 1 record in the lower ORB downstream of Jackson Bluff Dam. Collections of Ochlockonee Moccasinshell decrease in regularity after 1950, and the last record of a live individual was 1995. We surveyed 55 sites downstream of Jackson Bluff Dam in a reach of river having received little effort in the last 20 years. We employed visual/tactile searches using mask and snorkel from shore to a depth of 2.5 m and found 22 live individuals of Ochlockonee Moccasinshell at 9 locations from 47-65 river km (rkm) downstream of Jackson Bluff Dam. Further survey effort is needed to update the status and range of Ochlockonee Moccasinshell and other freshwater mussel populations of the lower ORB. C1 [Holcomb, Jordan; Rowe, Matthew; Williams, Jim] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 7386 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Pursifull, Sandra] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Holcomb, J (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 7386 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM Jordan.holcomb@myfwc.com FU USFWS FX We wish to thank the curators and collection managers of the following institutions for their assistance in providing access to mussel collections and catalogue data: Ohio State Museum of Biological Diversity-George Thomas Waters and Caitlyn Byrne; North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences-Arthur Bogan and Jamie Smith; Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia-Paul Callomon; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University-Marat Recevik, Adam Baldinger, and Richard Johnson; Florida Museum of Natural History-Amanda Bemis, Gustav Paulay, and John Slapcinsky; and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology-Jack Burch, Taehwan Lee, and Diarmaid O'Foighil. Gary Warren made revisions which substantially improved earlier versions of this manuscript. We would also like to thank Misty Penton with Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, for her help in procuring funding from the USFWS to make these surveys possible. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 4 BP 714 EP 720 DI 10.1656/058.014.0415 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NL UT WOS:000370892600010 ER PT J AU Homer, MD Peterson, JT Jennings, CA AF Homer, Michael D., Jr. Peterson, James T. Jennings, Cecil A. TI Evaluation of Three Aging Techniques and Back-calculated Growth for Introduced Blue Catfish from Lake Oconee, Georgia SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; FLATHEAD CATFISH; PECTORAL SPINES; AGE; LENGTHS; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; OTOLITHS AB Back-calculation of length-at-age from otoliths and spines is a common technique employed in fisheries biology, but few studies have compared the precision of data collected with this method for catfish populations. We compared precision of back-calculated lengths-at-age for an introduced Ictalurus furcatus (Blue Catfish) population among 3 commonly used cross-sectioning techniques. We used gillnets to collect Blue Catfish (n = 153) from Lake Oconee, GA. We estimated ages from a basal recess, articulating process, and otolith cross-section from each fish. We employed the Frasier-Lee method to back-calculate length-at-age for each fish, and compared the precision of back-calculated lengths among techniques using hierarchical linear models. Precision in age assignments was highest for otoliths (83.5%) and lowest for basal recesses (71.4%). Back-calculated lengths were variable among fish ages 1-3 for the techniques compared; otoliths and basal recesses yielded variable lengths at age 8. We concluded that otoliths and articulating processes are adequate for age estimation of Blue Catfish. C1 [Homer, Michael D., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, James T.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jennings@uga.edu FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources; UGA; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was conducted collaboratively with the Wildlife Resources Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Michael S. Bednarski, Benjamin Carswell, Colin P. Shea, and Daniel Farrae of the University of Georgia (UGA); Dave Buckmeier (Texas Parks and Wildlife); and Kurt Kuklinski (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife and Conservation) provided technical assistance. Scott Lamprecht and Chad Holbrook of South Carolina Department of Natural Resources provided time and technical training for otolith preparation and sectioning. Peter Sakaris, Southern Polytechnic State University, generously provided additional technical training for otolith preparation and sectioning. Robert Bringolf (UGA) provided in-kind support. We thank Chris Nelson, Jamie Dowd, Mark Rigglesford, Ramon Martin, Michael Sheppard, Taylor Duke, Tony Beck, Daniel Malcom, and John Ruiz for assistance with collections. We are grateful to the reviewers of this manuscript for their helpful comments. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, UGA, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 4 BP 740 EP 756 DI 10.1656/058.014.0417 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NL UT WOS:000370892600012 ER PT J AU Soto, E Halliday-Simmonds, I Francis, S Kearney, MT Hansen, JD AF Soto, Esteban Halliday-Simmonds, Iona Francis, Stewart Kearney, Michael T. Hansen, John D. TI Biofilm formation of Francisella noatunensis subsp orientalis SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biofilm; Francisella noatunensis; Francisellosis ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; WATER MICROCOSMS; TILAPIA; IDENTIFICATION; ATTENUATION; TEMPERATURE; INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN AB Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is an emergent fish pathogen in both marine and fresh water environments. The bacterium is suspected to persist in the environment even without the presence of a suitable fish host. In the present study, the influence of different abiotic factors such as salinity and temperature were used to study the biofilm formation of different isolates of Fno including intracellular growth loci C (iglC) and pathogenicity determinant protein A (pdpA) knockout strains. Finally, we compared the susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm to three disinfectants used in the aquaculture and ornamental fish industry, namely Virkon (R), bleach and hydrogen peroxide. The data indicates that Fno is capable of producing biofilms within 24 h where both salinity as well as temperature plays a role in the growth and biofilm formation of Fno. Mutations in the iglC or pdpA, both known virulence factors, do not appear to affect the capacity of Fno to produce biofilms, and the minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum biocidal concentration for the three disinfectants were lower than the minimum biofilm eradication concentration values. This information needs to be taken into account if trying to eradicate the pathogen from aquaculture facilities or aquariums. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Soto, Esteban] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Soto, Esteban; Halliday-Simmonds, Iona; Francis, Stewart] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi. [Kearney, Michael T.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Soto, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sotomartinez@ucdavis.edu FU Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystems Health FX This work was supported by the Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystems Health. We thank Dr. Duncan J Colquhoun at the Section for Bacteriology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway for his kind contribution of isolates and for critical review of this paper. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 181 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.007 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA DE2MD UT WOS:000370460500019 PM 26507830 ER PT J AU Carrasco, SE Chomel, BB Gill, VA Kasten, RW Maggi, RG Breitschwerdt, EB Byrne, BA Burek-Huntington, KA Miller, MA Goldstein, T Mazet, JAK AF Carrasco, Sebastian E. Chomel, Bruno B. Gill, Verena A. Kasten, Rickie W. Maggi, Ricardo G. Breitschwerdt, Edward B. Byrne, Barbara A. Burek-Huntington, Kathleen A. Miller, Melissa A. Goldstein, Tracey Mazet, Jonna A. K. TI Novel Bartonella infection in northern and southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni and Enhydra lutris nereis) (vol 170, pg 325, 2014) SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Carrasco, Sebastian E.; Chomel, Bruno B.; Miller, Melissa A.; Goldstein, Tracey; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chomel, Bruno B.; Kasten, Rickie W.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Maggi, Ricardo G.; Breitschwerdt, Edward B.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med & Transit Res, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Byrne, Barbara A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Burek-Huntington, Kathleen A.] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Miller, Melissa A.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Carrasco, SE (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM scarrasc@umail.iu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 181 IS 3-4 BP 336 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.006 PG 1 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA DE2MD UT WOS:000370460500025 ER PT J AU Raquel, AJ Ringelman, KM Ackerman, JT Eadie, JM AF Raquel, Amelia J. Ringelman, Kevin M. Ackerman, Joshua T. Eadie, John M. TI Habitat edges have weak effects on duck nest survival at local spatial scales SO ARDEA LA English DT Article DE edge effect; fragmentation; Gadwall; Mallard; nest success; predation; waterfowl ID PATCH SIZE; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; SUCCESS; PREDATION; LANDSCAPE; FRAGMENTATION; WATERFOWL; SELECTION AB Edge effects on nesting success have been documented in breeding birds in a variety of contexts, but there is still uncertainty in how edge type, and spatial scale determine the magnitude and detectability of edge effects. Habitat edges are often viewed as predator corridors that surround or penetrate core habitat and increase the risk of predation for nearby nests. We studied the effects of three different types of potential predator corridors (main perimeter roads, field boundaries, and ATV trails within fields) on waterfowl nest survival in California. We measured the distance from duck nests to the nearest edge of each type, and used distance as a covariate in a logistic exposure analysis of nest survival. We found only weak evidence for edge effects due to predation. The best supported model of nest survival included all three distance categories, and while all coefficient estimates were positive (indicating that survival increased with distance from edge), 85% coefficient confidence intervals approached or bounded zero indicating an overall weak effect of habitat edges on nest success. We suggest that given the configuration of edges at our site, there may be few areas far enough from hard edges to be considered 'core' habitat, making edge effects on nest survival particularly difficult to detect. C1 [Raquel, Amelia J.; Ringelman, Kevin M.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Ringelman, KM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, 310 Renewable Nat Resources Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kringelman@agcenter.lsu.edu FU National Science Foundation; Delta Waterfowl Association; Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithology Research; UC Davis; Dennis G. Raveling Endowment FX Funding for this project was awarded to KMR from the National Science Foundation, Delta Waterfowl Association, Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithology Research and UC Davis. JME provided funds from the Dennis G. Raveling Endowment. This project would not have been possible without the logistical support provided by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Waterfowl Association and U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the many Grizzly Island field assistants for helping to collect and process the data. We thank Matt Pieron, Dave Haukos and several anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The use of trade, product or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU NEDERLANDSE ORNITHOLOGISCHE UNIE PI ZEIST PA C/O PAUL STARMANS, OUDE ARNHEMSEWEG 261, 3705 BD ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0373-2266 EI 2213-1175 J9 ARDEA JI Ardea PD WIN PY 2015 VL 103 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DC6UF UT WOS:000369354400005 ER PT J AU Kimbrough, DL Grove, M Gehrels, GE Dorsey, RJ Howard, KA Lovera, O Aslan, A House, PK Pearthree, PA AF Kimbrough, David L. Grove, Marty Gehrels, George E. Dorsey, Rebecca J. Howard, Keith A. Lovera, Oscar Aslan, Andres House, P. Kyle Pearthree, Philip A. TI Detrital zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ANCIENT GRAND-CANYON; NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; (U-TH)/HE EVIDENCE; APATITE HE-4/HE-3; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; STRATIGRAPHIC RECORD; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; SOUTHWESTERN USA AB New detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions from 49 late Cenozoic sandstones and Holocene sands (49 samples, n = 3922) record the arrival of extraregional early Pliocene Colorado River sediment at Grand Wash (western USA) and downstream locations ca. 5.3 Ma and the subsequent evolution of the river's provenance signature. We define reference age distributions for the early Pliocene Colorado River (n = 559) and Holocene Colorado River (n = 601). The early Pliocene river is distinguished from the Holocene river by (1) a higher proportion of Yavapai-Mazatzal zircon derived from Rocky Mountain basement uplifts relative to Grenville zircon from Mesozoic supracrustal rocks, and (2) distinctive (similar to 6%) late Eocene-Oligocene (40-23 Ma) zircon reworked from Cenozoic basins and volcanic fields in the southern Rocky Mountains and/or the eastern Green River catchment. Geologic relationships and interpretation of 135 published detrital zircon age distributions throughout the Colorado River catchment provide the interpretative basis for modeling evolution of the provenance signature. Mixture modeling based upon a modified formulation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic indi-cate a subtle yet robust change in Colorado River provenance signature over the past 5 m.y. During this interval the contribution from Cenozoic strata decreased from similar to 75% to 50% while pre-Cretaceous strata increased from similar to 25% to 50%. We interpret this change to reflect progressive erosional incision into plateau cover strata. Our finding is consistent with geologic and thermochronologic studies that indicate that maximum post-10 Ma erosion of the Colorado River catchment was concentrated across the eastern Utahwestern Colorado region. C1 [Kimbrough, David L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Grove, Marty] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Energy & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gehrels, George E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dorsey, Rebecca J.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Howard, Keith A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lovera, Oscar] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Aslan, Andres] Colorado Mesa Univ, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. [House, P. Kyle] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Pearthree, Philip A.] Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. RP Kimbrough, DL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM dkimbrough@mail.sdsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0341987, EAR-0443387, EAR-11123957] FX U-Pb dating of detrital zircons at the Arizona LaserChron Center was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0341987, EAR-0443387, and EAR-11123957. Joan Kimbrough assisted with all aspects of sample processing and mineral separation. Marisa Boraas also assisted. We thank Karl Flessa, J.R. Morgan, and Kimbrough family members for help with sample collecting. Helpful discussions with Jon Spencer, Carl Jacobsen, Richard Young, Bill Dickinson, Karl Karlstrom, Mike Cloos, and Charles Ferguson helped to improve interpretations made in the paper. Joel Pederson, Bill Dickinson, Carl Jacobson and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive reviews that substantially improved the text. NR 122 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1719 EP 1748 DI 10.1130/GES00982.1 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC9JX UT WOS:000369538900004 ER PT J AU Salisbury, JB Haddad, DE Rockwell, T Arrowsmith, JR Madugo, C Zielke, O Scharer, K AF Salisbury, J. Barrett Haddad, D. E. Rockwell, T. Arrowsmith, J. R. Madugo, C. Zielke, O. Scharer, K. TI Validation of meter-scale surface faulting offset measurements from high-resolution topographic data SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; ALTYN TAGH FAULT; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; DIFFERENTIAL LIDAR; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; CARRIZO PLAIN; PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; CHINA AB Studies of active fault zones have flourished with the availability of high-resolution topographic data, particularly where airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) and structure from motion (SfM) data sets provide a means to remotely analyze sub-meter-scale fault geomorphology. To determine surface offset at a point along a strike-slip earthquake rupture, geomorphic features (e.g., stream channels) are measured days to centuries after the event. Analysis of these and cumulatively offset features produces offset distributions for successive earthquakes that are used to understand earthquake rupture behavior. As researchers expand studies to more varied terrain types, climates, and vegetation regimes, there is an increasing need to standardize and uniformly validate measurements of tectonically displaced geomorphic features. A recently compiled catalog of nearly 5000 earthquake offsets across a range of measurement and reporting styles provides insight into quality rating and uncertainty trends from which we formulate best-practice and reporting recommendations for remote studies. In addition, a series of public and beginner-level studies validate the remote methodology for a number of tools and emphasize considerations to enhance measurement accuracy and precision for beginners and professionals. Our investigation revealed that (1) standardizing remote measurement methods and reporting quality rating schemes is essential for the utility and repeatability of fault-offset measurements; (2) measurement discrepancies often involve misinterpretation of the offset geomorphic feature and are a function of the investigator's experience; (3) comparison of measurements made by a single investigator in different climatic regions reveals systematic differences in measurement uncertainties attributable to variation in feature preservation; (4) measuring more components of a displaced geomorphic landform produces more consistently repeatable estimates of offset; and (5) inadequate understanding of pre-event morphology and post-event modifications represents a greater epistemic limitation than the aleatoric limitations of the measurement process. C1 [Salisbury, J. Barrett; Haddad, D. E.; Arrowsmith, J. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 876004, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rockwell, T.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Madugo, C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zielke, O.] 4700 King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Scharer, K.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Salisbury, JB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 876004, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jbsalisb@asu.edu OI zielke, olaf/0000-0002-4797-0034 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program [G11AP20029, G11AP20020]; California Earthquake Authority; U.S. Geological Survey; Southern California Earthquake Center FX Discussions with many colleagues have helped to focus our thinking on the problems identified in this paper. We thank the many participants in our surveys and Tim Dawson, Suzanne Hecker, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (G11AP20029 and G11AP20020). The Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast version 3 (UCERF3) was supported by the California Earthquake Authority, U.S. Geological Survey, and the Southern California Earthquake Center. The topographic data presented here were gathered by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping and processed and delivered by OpenTopography (http://www.opentopography.org/). NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1884 EP 1901 DI 10.1130/GES01197.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC9JX UT WOS:000369538900011 ER PT J AU Lipman, PW Zimmerer, MJ McIntosh, WC AF Lipman, Peter W. Zimmerer, Matthew J. McIntosh, William C. TI An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain vol