FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Davis, JA Ross, JRM Bezalel, S Sim, L Bonnema, A Ichikawa, G Heim, WA Schiff, K Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT AF Davis, J. A. Ross, J. R. M. Bezalel, S. Sim, L. Bonnema, A. Ichikawa, G. Heim, W. A. Schiff, K. Eagles-Smith, C. A. Ackerman, J. T. TI Hg concentrations in fish from coastal waters of California and Western North America SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mixed linear model; Marine fish; Western North America synthesis; Spatial patterns; Long-term trends ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SPORT FISH; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; FORAGE FISH; CONTAMINATION; LAKES; DEPOSITION; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE; REGION AB The State of California conducted an extensive and systematic survey of mercury (Hg) in fish from the California coast in 2009 and 2010. The California survey sampled 3483 fish representing 46 species at 68 locations, and demonstrated that methylHg in fish presents a widespread exposure risk to fish consumers. Most of the locations sampled (37 of 68) had a species with an average concentration above 0.3 mu g/g wet weight (ww), and 10 locations an average above 1.0 mu g/g ww. The recent and robust dataset from California provided a basis for a broader examination of spatial and temporal patterns in fish Hg in coastal waters of Western North America. There is a striking lack of data in publicly accessible databases on Hg and other contaminants in coastal fish. An assessment of the raw data from these databases suggested the presence of relatively high concentrations along the California coast and in Puget Sound, and relatively low concentrations along the coasts of Alaska and Oregon, and the outer coast of Washington. The dataset suggests that Hg concentrations of public health concern can be observed at any location on the coast of Western North America where long-lived predator species are sampled. Output from a linear mixed-effects model resembled the spatial pattern observed for the raw data and suggested, based on the limited dataset, a lack of trend in fish Hg over the nearly 30-year period covered by the dataset. Expanded and continued monitoring, accompanied by rigorous data management procedures, would be of great value in characterizing methylHg exposure, and tracking changes in contamination of coastal fish in response to possible increases in atmospheric Hg emissions in Asia, climate change, and terrestrial Hg control efforts in coastal watersheds. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Davis, J. A.; Ross, J. R. M.; Bezalel, S.; Sim, L.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, 4911 Cent Ave, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Bonnema, A.; Ichikawa, G.; Heim, W. A.] Marine Pollut Studies Lab, 7544 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Schiff, K.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd,Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Eagles-Smith, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ackerman, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Sci Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Davis, JA (reprint author), San Francisco Estuary Inst, 4911 Cent Ave, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM jay@sfei.org; johnr@sfei.org; shira@sfei.org; lawrences@sfei.org; bonnema@mlml.calstate.edu; gichikawa@mlml.calstate.edu; wheim@mlml.calstate.edu; kens@sccwrp.org; ceagles-smith@usgs.gov; jackerman@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [989100-09]; California State Water Resources Control Board FX The Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) bioaccumulation survey of the California coast was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (grant #989100-09) and monitoring fees collected by the California State Water Resources Control Board for wastewater discharge permits. Technical oversight of the Coast Survey was provided by Jim Wiener, Chris Schmitt, Ross Norstrom, Harry Ohlendorf, and other members of the SWAMP Bioaccumulation Oversight Group. The Coast Survey was performed in close collaboration with the Southern California Bight Regional Monitoring Program (www.sccwrp.org) and the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (www.sfei.org/rmp). NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 21 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 1146 EP 1156 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.093 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300116 PM 27067833 ER PT J AU Drevnick, PE Cooke, CA Barraza, D Blais, JM Coale, KH Cumming, BF Curtis, CJ Das, B Donahue, WF Eagles-Smith, CA Engstrom, DR Fitzgerald, WF Furl, CV Gray, JE Hall, RI Jackson, TA Laird, KR Lockhart, WL Macdonald, RW Mast, MA Mathieu, C Muir, DCG Outridge, PM Reinemann, SA Rothenberg, SE Ruiz-Fernandez, AC St Louis, VL Sanders, RD Sanei, H Skierszkan, EK Van Metre, PC Veverica, TJ Wiklund, JA Wolfe, BB AF Drevnick, Paul E. Cooke, Colin A. Barraza, Daniella Blais, Jules M. Coale, Kenneth H. Cumming, Brian F. Curtis, Chris J. Das, Biplob Donahue, William F. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Engstrom, Daniel R. Fitzgerald, William F. Furl, Chad V. Gray, John E. Hall, Roland I. Jackson, Togwell A. Laird, Kathleen R. Lockhart, W. Lyle Macdonald, Robie W. Mast, M. Alisa Mathieu, Callie Muir, Derek C. G. Outridge, Peter M. Reinemann, Scott A. Rothenberg, Sarah E. Carolina Ruiz-Fernandez, Ana St Louis, Vincent L. Sanders, Rhea D. Sanei, Hamed Skierszkan, Elliott K. Van Metre, Peter C. Veverica, Timothy J. Wiklund, Johan A. Wolfe, Brent B. TI Spatiotemporal patterns of mercury accumulation in lake sediments of western North America SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Sediment; Lake; Western North America ID FIRED POWER-PLANT; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; HISTORICAL DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; FLIN FLON; CORES; FLUXES; CANADA AB For the Western North America Mercury Synthesis, we compiled mercury records from 165 dated sediment cores from 138 natural lakes across western North America. Lake sediments are accepted as faithful recorders of historical mercury accumulation rates, and regional and sub-regional temporal and spatial trends were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Mercury accumulation rates in sediments have increased, on average, four times (4x) from 1850 to 2000 and continue to increase by approximately 0.2 mu g/m(2) per year. Lakes with the greatest increases were influenced by the Flin Flon smelter, followed by lakes directly affected by mining and wastewater discharges. Of lakes not directly affected by point sources, there is a clear separation in mercury accumulation rates between lakes with no/little watershed development and lakes with extensive watershed development for agricultural and/or residential purposes. Lakes in the latter group exhibited a sharp increase in mercury accumulation rates with human settlement, stabilizing after 1950 at five times (5x) 1850 rates. Mercury accumulation rates in lakes with no/little watershed development were controlled primarily by relative watershed size prior to 1850, and since have exhibited modest increases (in absolute terms and compared to that described above) associated with (regional and global) industrialization. A sub-regional analysis highlighted that in the ecoregion Northwestern Forest Mountains, <1% of mercury deposited to watersheds is delivered to lakes. Research is warranted to understand whether mountainous watersheds act as permanent sinks for mercury or if export of "legacy" mercury (deposited in years past) will delay recovery when/if emissions reductions are achieved. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Drevnick, Paul E.; Veverica, Timothy J.] Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, 9133 Biol Rd, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. [Drevnick, Paul E.; Barraza, Daniella] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cooke, Colin A.; Donahue, William F.] Alberta Environm Monitoring Evaluat & Reporting A, 10th Floor,9888 Jasper Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T5J 5C6, Canada. [Cooke, Colin A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1-26 Earth Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Blais, Jules M.; Skierszkan, Elliott K.] Univ Ottawa, Program Chem & Environm Toxicol, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Coale, Kenneth H.; Sanders, Rhea D.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Cumming, Brian F.; Laird, Kathleen R.] Queens Univ, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Dept Biol, Biosci Complex, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Curtis, Chris J.] UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Das, Biplob] Saskatchewan Water Secur Agcy, 420-2365 Albert St, Regina, SK S4P 4K1, Canada. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Engstrom, Daniel R.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Marine St Croix, MN 55047 USA. [Donahue, William F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Furl, Chad V.; Mathieu, Callie] Washington State Dept Ecol, Environm Assessment Program, POB 47600, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Gray, John E.] US Geol Survey, MS 973,Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hall, Roland I.; Wiklund, Johan A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Jackson, Togwell A.; Muir, Derek C. G.] Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Lockhart, W. Lyle] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Macdonald, Robie W.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Mast, M. Alisa] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, MS 415,Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Outridge, Peter M.] Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Reinemann, Scott A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, 1036 Derby Hall,154 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rothenberg, Sarah E.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 921 Assembly St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Carolina Ruiz-Fernandez, Ana] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Calz Joel Montes Camarena S-N, Mazatlan 82040, Sinaloa, Mexico. [St Louis, Vincent L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada. [Sanei, Hamed] Geol Survey Canada, 3303-33rd St NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada. [Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Wolfe, Brent B.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Curtis, Chris J.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Furl, Chad V.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Reinemann, Scott A.] Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, 122 Clippinger, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Sanders, Rhea D.] UBC Biodivers Ctr, Hakai Inst, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Skierszkan, Elliott K.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Earth Sci Bldg,2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Drevnick, PE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, 9133 Biol Rd, Pellston, MI 49769 USA.; Drevnick, PE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM drevnick@umich.edu RI Macdonald, Robie/A-7896-2012; Curtis, Christopher/A-1768-2013; OI Macdonald, Robie/0000-0002-1141-8520; Curtis, Christopher/0000-0002-6597-2172; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. EPA Region-10 RARE FX This work was conducted as part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. EPA Region-10 RARE provided funding for GIS layer gathering by EPA contractors and for GIS support from Michael Tate and Michelle Lutz at the Wisconsin Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. Chris Eckley, U.S. EPA Region 10, provided data from the Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project. Benjamin Barst, INRS-ETE, helped compile data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 22 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 1157 EP 1170 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.167 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300117 PM 27102272 ER PT J AU Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT Willacker, JJ Tate, MT Lutz, MA Fleck, JA Stewart, AR Wiener, JG Evers, DC Lepak, JM Davis, JA Pritz, CF AF Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. Willacker, James J. Tate, Michael T. Lutz, Michelle A. Fleck, Jacob A. Stewart, A. Robin Wiener, James G. Evers, David C. Lepak, Jesse M. Davis, Jay A. Pritz, Colleen Flanagan TI Spatial and temporal patterns of mercury concentrations in freshwater fish across the Western United States and Canada SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; Landscape; Methylmercury; Hotspot; Habitat; Guild ID GREAT-LAKES REGION; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; FOOD-WEB; PISCIVOROUS FISH; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ECOLOGICAL RISK; SPORT FISH; BIOACCUMULATION AB Methylmercury contamination of fish is a global threat to environmental health. Mercury (Hg) monitoring programs are valuable for generating data that can be compiled for spatially broad syntheses to identify emergent ecosystem properties that influence fish Hg bioaccumulation. Fish total Hg (THg) concentrations were evaluated across the Western United States (US) and Canada, a region defined by extreme gradients in habitat structure and water management. A database was compiled with THg concentrations in 96,310 fish that comprised 206 species from 4262 locations, and used to evaluate the spatial distribution of fish THg across the region and effects of species, foraging guilds, habitats, and ecoregions. Areas of elevated THg exposure were identified by developing a relativized estimate of fish mercury concentrations at a watershed scale that accounted for the variability associated with fish species, fish size, and site effects. THg concentrations in fish muscle ranged between 0.001 and 28.4 (mu g/g wet weight (ww)) with a geometric mean of 0.17. Overall, 30% of individual fish samples and 17% of means by location exceeded the 0.30 mu g/g ww US EPA fish tissue criterion. Fish THg concentrations differed among habitat types, with riverine habitats consistently higher than lacustrine habitats. Importantly, fish THg concentrations were not correlated with sediment THg concentrations at a watershed scale, but were weakly correlated with sediment MeHg concentrations, suggesting that factors influencing MeHg production may be more important than inorganic Hg loading for determining fish MeHg exposure. There was large heterogeneity in fish THg concentrations across the landscape; THg concentrations were generally higher in semi-arid and arid regions such as the Great Basin and Desert Southwest, than in temperate forests. Results suggest that fish mercury exposure is widespread throughout Western US and Canada, and that species, habitat type, and region play an important role in influencing ecological risk of mercury in aquatic ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Willacker, James J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Tate, Michael T.; Lutz, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Fleck, Jacob A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Stewart, A. Robin] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wiener, James G.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, 276 Canco Rd, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Lepak, Jesse M.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Davis, Jay A.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, 4911 Cent Ave, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Pritz, Colleen Flanagan] Natl Pk Serv Air Resources Div, POB 25287, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program; National Park Service Air Resources Division; US EPA Region 10 RARE Program FX This work was conducted as part of the Western North America Mercury Synthesis Working Group Supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program, National Park Service Air Resources Division, and US EPA Region 10 RARE Program. We appreciate the efforts of Kiira Siitari, Branden Johnson, Madeline Turnquist, and Clifton Dassuncao for database compilation and coordination. We thank the Government of Canada - Clean Air Regulatory Agenda - Mercury Science Program and Linda Campbell, Neil Burgess, and David Depew for providing data from Canadian sites. We also thank David Walters and three anonymous reviewers for insights that improved this manuscript, and Mae Gustin for her oversight and editing of the compilation of manuscripts associated with the Western North America Mercury Synthesis. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 98 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 37 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 1171 EP 1184 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.229 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300118 PM 27102274 ER PT J AU Donovan, PM Blum, JD Singer, MB Marvin-DiPasquale, M Tsui, MTK AF Donovan, Patrick M. Blum, Joel D. Singer, Michael Bliss Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Tsui, Martin T. K. TI Methylmercury degradation and exposure pathways in streams and wetlands impacted by historical mining SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury stable isotopes; Cache Creek; Yolo Bypass; Sediment; Benthic macroinvertebrates ID MERCURY ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; INORGANIC MERCURY; TROPHIC TRANSFER; YOLO BYPASS; FOOD WEBS; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MINERAL-DEPOSITS; METHYL-MERCURY; MARINE FISH AB Monomethyl mercury (MMHg) and total mercury (THg) concentrations and Hg stable isotope ratios (delta Hg-202 and Delta Hg-199) were measured in sediment and aquatic organisms from Cache Creek (California Coast Range) and Yolo Bypass (Sacramento Valley). Cache Creek sediment had a large range in THg (87 to 3870 ng/g) and delta Hg-202 (-1.69 to -0.20 parts per thousand) reflecting the heterogeneity of Hg mining sources in sediment. The delta Hg-202 of Yolo Bypass wetland sediment suggests a mixture of high and low THg sediment sources. Relationships between %MMHg (the percent ratio of MMHg to THg) and Hg isotope values (delta Hg-202 and Delta Hg-199) in fish and macroinvertebrates were used to identify and estimate the isotopic composition of MMHg. Deviation from linear relationships was found between %MMHg and Hg isotope values, which is indicative of the bioaccumulation of isotopically distinct pools of MMHg. The isotopic composition of pre-photodegraded MMHg (i.e., subtracting fractionation from photochemical reactions) was estimated and contrasting relationships were observed between the estimated delta Hg-202 of pre-photodegraded MMHg and sediment IHg. Cache Creek had mass dependent fractionation (MDF; delta Hg-202) of at least-0.4 parts per thousand whereas Yolo Bypass had MDF of +0.2 to +0.5 parts per thousand. This result supports the hypothesis that Hg isotope fractionation between IHg and MMHg observed in rivers (-MDF) is unique compared to +MDF observed in non-flowing water environments such as wetlands, lakes, and the coastal ocean. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Donovan, Patrick M.; Blum, Joel D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1100 N,Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Singer, Michael Bliss] Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, North St, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. [Singer, Michael Bliss] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 91306 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tsui, Martin T. K.] Univ North Carolina Greensboro, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. RP Donovan, PM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1100 N,Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM pmdon@umich.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1226741, EAR-1225630] FX We thank Marcus Johnson (UM-BEIGL) for expert assistance with the operation of the CV-MC-ICP-MS; Tyler Nakamura and Ka'ai Jensen (SJSU) for their help with field sampling: and Evangelos Kakouros, Le Kieu and Michelle Arias (USGS, Menlo Park, CA) for THg and MMHg analyses. We acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation: EAR-1226741 (to M.B.S.) and EAR-1225630 (to J.D.B.). NR 93 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 30 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 1192 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.139 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300120 PM 27234290 ER PT J AU Eagles-Smith, CA Wiener, JG Eckley, CS Willacker, JJ Evers, DC Marvin-DiPasquale, M Obrist, D Fleck, JA Aiken, GR Lepak, JM Jackson, AK Webster, JP Stewart, AR Davis, JA Alpers, CN Ackerman, JT AF Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Wiener, James G. Eckley, Chris S. Willacker, James J. Evers, David C. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Obrist, Daniel Fleck, Jacob A. Aiken, George R. Lepak, Jesse M. Jackson, Allyson K. Webster, Jackson P. Stewart, A. Robin Davis, Jay A. Alpers, Charles N. Ackerman, Joshua T. TI Mercury in western North America: A synthesis of environmental contamination, fluxes, bioaccumulation, and risk to fish and wildlife SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Legacy mining; Atmospheric deposition; Birds; Bioaccumulation; Landscape; Methylmercury exposure; Risk; Bigeochemistry ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES REGION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; FRESH-WATER; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; METHYL-MERCURY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; PISCIVOROUS FISH; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Western North America is a region defined by extreme gradients in geomorphology and climate, which support a diverse array of ecological communities and natural resources. The region also has extreme gradients in mercury (Hg) contamination due to a broad distribution of inorganic Hg sources. These diverse Hg sources and a varied landscape create a unique and complex mosaic of ecological risk from Hg impairment associated with differential methylmercury (MeHg) production and bioaccumulation. Understanding the landscape-scale variation in the magnitude and relative importance of processes associated with Hg transport, methylation, and MeHg bioaccumulation requires a multidisciplinary synthesis that transcends small-scale variability. The Western North America Mercury Synthesis compiled, analyzed, and interpreted spatial and temporal patterns and drivers of Hg and MeHg in air, soil, vegetation, sediments, fish, and wildlife across western North America. This collaboration evaluated the potential risk from Hg to fish, and wildlife health, human exposure, and examined resource management activities that influenced the risk of Hg contamination. This paper integrates the key information presented across the individual papers that comprise the synthesis. The compiled information indicates that Hg contamination is widespread, but heterogeneous, across western North America. The storage and transport of inorganic Hg across landscape gradients are largely regulated by climate and land-cover factors such as plant productivity and precipitation. Importantly, there was a striking lack of concordance between pools and sources of inorganic Hg, and MeHg in aquatic food webs. Additionally, water management had a widespread influence on MeHg bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems, whereas mining impacts where relatively localized. These results highlight the decoupling of inorganic Hg sources with MeHg production and bioaccumulation. Together the findings indicate that developing efforts to control MeHg production in the West may be particularly beneficial for reducing food web exposure instead of efforts to simply control inorganic Hg sources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Willacker, James J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wiener, James G.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Eckley, Chris S.] US EPA, Reg 10,2100 6th Ave,Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, 276 Canco Rd, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark; Stewart, A. Robin] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Obrist, Daniel] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Fleck, Jacob A.; Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lepak, Jesse M.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Jackson, Allyson K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Webster, Jackson P.] Univ Colorado, Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Jay A.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, 4911 Cent Ave, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark/0000-0002-8186-9167; Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program; National Park Service Air Resources Division; US EPA Region 10 RARE Program FX This work was conducted as part of the Western North America Mercury Synthesis working group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program, National Park Service Air Resources Division, and US EPA Region 10 RARE Program. We are thankful to all the participants of the Powell Center workshops for their intellectual support, and to the countless members of the research community that expressed an interest and contributed to this effort. We are also appreciative for the efforts of Mike Tate and Michelle Lutz for GIS analysis, and David Krabbenhoft and Mae Gustin for helpful reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 156 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 73 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 1213 EP 1226 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.094 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300122 PM 27320732 ER PT J AU Lycett, SJ Bodewes, R Pohlmann, A Banks, J Banyai, K Boni, MF Bouwstra, R Breed, AC Brown, IH Chen, HL Dan, A DeLiberto, TJ Diep, N Gilbert, M Hill, S Ip, HS Ke, CW Kida, H Killian, ML Koopmans, MP Kwon, JH Lee, DH Lee, YJ Lu, L Monne, I Pasick, J Pybus, OG Rambaut, A Robinson, TP Sakoda, Y Zohari, S Song, CS Swayne, DE Torchetti, MK Tsai, HJ Fouchier, RAM Beer, M Woolhouse, M Kuiken, T AF Lycett, Samantha J. Bodewes, Rogier Pohlmann, Anne Banks, Jill Banyai, Krisztian Boni, Maciej F. Bouwstra, Ruth Breed, Andrew C. Brown, Ian H. Chen, Hualan Dan, Adam DeLiberto, Thomas J. Diep, Nguyen Gilbert, Marius Hill, Sarah Ip, Hon S. Ke, Chang Wen Kida, Hiroshi Killian, Mary Lea Koopmans, Marion P. Kwon, Jung-Hoon Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Youn Jeong Lu, Lu Monne, Isabella Pasick, John Pybus, Oliver G. Rambaut, Andrew Robinson, Timothy P. Sakoda, Yoshihiro Zohari, Siamak Song, Chang-Seon Swayne, David E. Torchetti, Mia Kim Tsai, Hsiang-Jung Fouchier, Ron A. M. Beer, Martin Woolhouse, Mark Kuiken, Thijs CA Global Consortium H5N8 Related TI Role for migratory wild birds in the global spread of avian influenza H5N8 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VIRUSES AB Avian influenza viruses affect both poultry production and public health. A subtype H5N8 (clade 2.3.4.4) virus, following an outbreak in poultry in South Korea in January 2014, rapidly spread worldwide in 2014-2015. Our analysis of H5N8 viral sequences, epidemiological investigations, waterfowl migration, and poultry trade showed that long-distance migratory birds can play a major role in the global spread of avian influenza viruses. Further, we found that the hemagglutinin of clade 2.3.4.4 virus was remarkably promiscuous, creating reassortants with multiple neuraminidase subtypes. Improving our understanding of the circumpolar circulation of avian influenza viruses in migratory waterfowl will help to provide early warning of threats from avian influenza to poultry, and potentially human, health. C1 [Lycett, Samantha J.] Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bodewes, Rogier] Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Dept Farm Anim Hlth, NL-3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands. [Pohlmann, Anne; Beer, Martin] Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Diagnost Virol, D-17493 Greifswald, Germany. [Banks, Jill; Brown, Ian H.] Anim & Plant Hlth Agcy, Virol Dept, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Banyai, Krisztian] Hungarian Acad Sci, Agr Res Ctr, Inst Vet Med Res, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary. [Boni, Maciej F.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England. [Boni, Maciej F.; Diep, Nguyen] Univ Oxford, Clin Res Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Bouwstra, Ruth] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Cent Vet Inst, Dept Virol, NL-8221 RA Lelystad, Netherlands. [Bouwstra, Ruth] Anim Hlth Serv, NL-7400 AA Deventer, Netherlands. [Breed, Andrew C.] Anim & Plant Hlth Agcy, Dept Epidemiol Sci, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Chen, Hualan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Harbin Vet Res Inst, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Dan, Adam] Natl Food Chain Safety Off, Vet Diagnost Directorate, H-1149 Budapest, Hungary. [DeLiberto, Thomas J.] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gilbert, Marius] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Spatial Epidemiol Lab SpELL, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Gilbert, Marius] Fonds Natl Rech Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Hill, Sarah; Pybus, Oliver G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Wildlife Dis Diagnost Labs Branch, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Ke, Chang Wen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Guangdong Prov, Inst Microbiol, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Kida, Hiroshi] Hokkaido Univ, Res Ctr Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010020, Japan. [Killian, Mary Lea; Torchetti, Mia Kim] Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Koopmans, Marion P.; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Kuiken, Thijs] Erasmus Univ, Dept Virosci, Med Ctr, NL-3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Kwon, Jung-Hoon; Song, Chang-Seon] Konkuk Univ, Coll Vet Med, Avian Dis Lab, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Lee, Dong-Hun; Swayne, David E.] USDA, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Lee, Youn Jeong] Anim & Plant Quarantine Agcy, Avian Dis Div, Gimcheon, South Korea. [Lu, Lu; Rambaut, Andrew; Woolhouse, Mark] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Monne, Isabella] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Venezie, Res & Innovat Dept, I-1035020 Padua, Italy. [Pasick, John] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. [Pasick, John] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Guelph, ON N1G 4S9, Canada. [Robinson, Timothy P.] Int Livestock Res Inst ILRI, Livestock Syst & Environm LSE, POB 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Sakoda, Yoshihiro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Vet Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600818, Japan. [Zohari, Siamak] Natl Vet Inst, Dept Virol Immunobiol & Parasitol, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden. [Tsai, Hsiang-Jung] Council Agr, Anim Hlth Res Inst, New Taipei 25158, Taiwan. RP Kuiken, T (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Dept Virosci, Med Ctr, NL-3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM t.kuiken@erasmusmc.nl RI Brown, Ian/E-1119-2011; Dan, Adam/G-6018-2012; OI Dan, Adam/0000-0001-7849-7721; Hill, Sarah/0000-0002-2995-2596; Lycett, Samantha/0000-0003-3159-596X; Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772; Zohari, Siamak/0000-0002-0017-4233 FU European Commission [643476]; European Commission FP7 program [278433]; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area; National Institutes of Health [1R01AI101028-02A1]; United Kingdom Research Council Environmental and Social Ecology of Human Infectious Diseases UrbanZoo program [G1100783/1]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Zoonoses in Livestock in Kenya ZooLinK programs [BB/L019019/1]; CGIAR Research Programme on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH); Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Hungarian Academy of Sciences Lendulet (Momentum) program; Wellcome Trust [093724/B/10/Z]; University of Edinburgh Chancellor's Fellowship scheme; Roslin Institute BBSRC strategic program [BB/J004227/1]; Centre of Expertise in Animal Disease Outbreaks (EPIC) FX This study was financially supported by the European Commission H2020 program under contract number 643476 (www.compare-europe.eu) (to A.P., J.B., A.B., I.B., M.P.K., A.R., R.A.M.F., M.B., M.W., and T.K.), European Commission FP7 program under contract number 278433 (PREDEMICS) (to A.R.), the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area (to H.S.I.), National Institutes of Health grant number 1R01AI101028-02A1 (to M.G.), United Kingdom Research Council Environmental and Social Ecology of Human Infectious Diseases UrbanZoo program (G1100783/1), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Zoonoses in Livestock in Kenya ZooLinK (BB/L019019/1) programs (to T.P.R. and M.W.), CGIAR Research Programme on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) (to T.P.R.), Canadian Food Inspection Agency (to J.P.), Hungarian Academy of Sciences Lendulet (Momentum) program (to K.B.) and the Wellcome Trust (grant number 093724/B/10/Z) (to M.W. and A.R.). S.J.L. is supported by the University of Edinburgh Chancellor's Fellowship scheme, the Roslin Institute BBSRC strategic program grant (BB/J004227/1), and the Centre of Expertise in Animal Disease Outbreaks (EPIC). We gratefully acknowledge the originating laboratories, where specimens were first obtained, and the submitting laboratories, where sequence data were generated and submitted to the EpiFlu Database of the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), on which this research is based. All contributors of data may be contacted directly via the GISAID website (http://platform.gisaid.org). The accession numbers (GenBank, GISAID, and/or workset identification numbers) of all genetic sequences used in this study are provided in table S9 and are accessible from the website of GISAID (http://platform.gisaid.org). We acknowledge Y. Berhane and T. Hisanaga for sequencing the Canadian virus isolates and G. Koch for his technical advice on the poultry outbreaks in the Netherlands. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. Any use of trade products or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 22 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 14 PY 2016 VL 354 IS 6309 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1126/science.aaf8852 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC0UN UT WOS:000387816500041 ER PT J AU Liang, JJ Crowther, TW Picard, N Wiser, S Zhou, M Alberti, G Schulze, ED McGuire, AD Bozzato, F Pretzsch, H de-Miguel, S Paquette, A Herault, B Scherer-Lorenzen, M Barrett, CB Glick, HB Hengeveld, GM Nabuurs, GJ Pfautsch, S Viana, H Vibrans, AC Ammer, C Schall, P Verbyla, D Tchebakova, N Fischer, M Watson, JV Chen, HYH Lei, XD Schelhaas, MJ Lu, HC Gianelle, D Parfenova, EI Salas, C Lee, E Lee, B Kim, HS Bruelheide, H Coomes, DA Piotto, D Sunderland, T Schmid, B Gourlet-Fleury, S Sonke, B Tavani, R Zhu, J Brandl, S Vayreda, J Kitahara, F Searle, EB Neldner, VJ Ngugi, MR Baraloto, C Frizzera, L Balazy, R Oleksyn, J Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T Bouriaud, O Bussotti, F Finer, L Jaroszewicz, B Jucker, T Valladares, F Jagodzinski, AM Peri, PL Gonmadje, C Marthy, W O'Brien, T Martin, EH Marshall, AR Rovero, F Bitariho, R Niklaus, PA Alvarez-Loayza, P Chamuya, N Valencia, R Mortier, F Wortel, V Engone-Obiang, NL Ferreira, LV Odeke, DE Vasquez, RM Lewis, SL Reich, PB AF Liang, Jingjing Crowther, Thomas W. Picard, Nicolas Wiser, Susan Zhou, Mo Alberti, Giorgio Schulze, Ernst-Detlef McGuire, A. David Bozzato, Fabio Pretzsch, Hans de-Miguel, Sergio Paquette, Alain Herault, Bruno Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael Barrett, Christopher B. Glick, Henry B. Hengeveld, Geerten M. Nabuurs, Gert-Jan Pfautsch, Sebastian Viana, Helder Vibrans, Alexander C. Ammer, Christian Schall, Peter Verbyla, David Tchebakova, Nadja Fischer, Markus Watson, James V. Chen, Han Y. H. Lei, Xiangdong Schelhaas, Mart-Jan Lu, Huicui Gianelle, Damiano Parfenova, Elena I. Salas, Christian Lee, Eungul Lee, Boknam Kim, Hyun Seok Bruelheide, Helge Coomes, David A. Piotto, Daniel Sunderland, Terry Schmid, Bernhard Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie Sonke, Bonaventure Tavani, Rebecca Zhu, Jun Brandl, Susanne Vayreda, Jordi Kitahara, Fumiaki Searle, Eric B. Neldner, Victor J. Ngugi, Michael R. Baraloto, Christopher Frizzera, Lorenzo Balazy, Radomir Oleksyn, Jacek Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz Bouriaud, Olivier Bussotti, Filippo Finer, Leena Jaroszewicz, Bogdan Jucker, Tommaso Valladares, Fernando Jagodzinski, Andrzej M. Peri, Pablo L. Gonmadje, Christelle Marthy, William O'Brien, Timothy Martin, Emanuel H. Marshall, Andrew R. Rovero, Francesco Bitariho, Robert Niklaus, Pascal A. Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia Chamuya, Nurdin Valencia, Renato Mortier, Frederic Wortel, Verginia Engone-Obiang, Nestor L. Ferreira, Leandro V. Odeke, David E. Vasquez, Rodolfo M. Lewis, Simon L. Reich, Peter B. TI Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; TREE PRODUCTIVITY; EUROPEAN BEECH; PURE STANDS; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; POVERTY; SCALE; MULTIFUNCTIONALITY AB The biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on ecosystem functioning. Understanding BPR is critical for the accurate valuation and effective conservation of biodiversity. Using ground-sourced data from 777,126 permanent plots, spanning 44 countries and most terrestrial biomes, we reveal a globally consistent positive concave-down BPR, showing that continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide. The value of biodiversity in maintaining commercial forest productivity alone-US$166 billion to 490 billion per year according to our estimation-is more than twice what it would cost to implement effective global conservation. This highlights the need for a worldwide reassessment of biodiversity values, forest management strategies, and conservation priorities. C1 [Liang, Jingjing; Zhou, Mo; Watson, James V.] West Virginia Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Crowther, Thomas W.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Crowther, Thomas W.; Glick, Henry B.] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Picard, Nicolas] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Forestry Dept, Rome, Italy. [Wiser, Susan] Landcare Res, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. [Alberti, Giorgio] Univ Udine, Dept Agri Food Anim & Environm Sci, Via Sci 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Schulze, Ernst-Detlef] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoell Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bozzato, Fabio] Italcementi Grp, Architecture & Environm Dept, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy. [Pretzsch, Hans; Brandl, Susanne] TUM, Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan, Inst Forest Growth & Yield Sci, Hans Carl von Carlowitz Pl 2, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [de-Miguel, Sergio] Univ Lleida, Dept Prod Vegetal & Ciencia Forestal, UdL Agrotecnio, Agrotecnio Ctr, Avinguda Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain. [de-Miguel, Sergio] CTFC, Carretera De St Llorenc Morunys,Km 2, E-25280 Solsona, Spain. [Paquette, Alain] Univ Quebec, CEF, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Herault, Bruno] Univ Guyane, Univ Antilles,AgroParisTech, UMR Joint Res Unit Ecol Guianan Forests EcoFoG, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev CIRAD,INRA,CNRS, Kourou, French Guiana. [Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael] Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol, Geobot, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Barrett, Christopher B.] Cornell Univ, Charles H Dyson Sch Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hengeveld, Geerten M.; Nabuurs, Gert-Jan; Schelhaas, Mart-Jan] Wageningen Univ & Res Alterra, Team Vegetat Forest & Landscape Ecol, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Hengeveld, Geerten M.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Forest & Nat Conservat Policy Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Nabuurs, Gert-Jan; Lu, Huicui] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen Ur, Netherlands. [Pfautsch, Sebastian; Reich, Peter B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. [Viana, Helder] Polytech Inst Viseu, ESAV, DEAS, Ctr Studies Educ Technol & Hlth CI&DETS Res Ctr, Viseu, Portugal. [Viana, Helder] Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro UTAD, Ctr Res & Technol Agroenvironm & Biol Sci, CITAB, P-5000801 Quinta De Prados, Vila Real, Portugal. [Vibrans, Alexander C.] Univ Reg Blumenau, Dept Engn Florestal, Rua Sao Paulo 3250, BR-89030000 Blumenau, SC, Brazil. [Ammer, Christian; Schall, Peter] Georg August Univ Gottingen, Dept Silviculture & Forest Ecol Temperate Zones, Busgenweg 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Verbyla, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Extens, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Tchebakova, Nadja; Parfenova, Elena I.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forests, Academgorodok 50-28, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Fischer, Markus] Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, Bot Garden, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland. [Fischer, Markus] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland. [Fischer, Markus] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BIK F, Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Chen, Han Y. H.; Searle, Eric B.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Nat Resources Management, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Lei, Xiangdong] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Resource Informat Tech, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Gianelle, Damiano; Frizzera, Lorenzo] Fdn Edmund, Res & Innovat Ctr, Sustainable Agroecosyst & Bioresources Dept, Via E Mach 1, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, TN, Italy. [Gianelle, Damiano] Fdn Edmund Mach Initiat, Foxlab Joint CNR, Via E Mach 1, I-38010 Adige, TN, Italy. [Salas, Christian] Univ La Frontera, Dept Ciencias Forestales, Temuco, Chile. [Lee, Eungul] West Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Lee, Boknam; Kim, Hyun Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Hyun Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Kim, Hyun Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Kim, Hyun Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Ctr AgroMeteorol, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Bruelheide, Helge] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol Geobot & Bot Garden, Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Bruelheide, Helge] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Deutsch Pl 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Coomes, David A.; Jucker, Tommaso] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Forest Ecol & Conservat, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Piotto, Daniel] Univ Fed Sul Bahia, BR-45613204 Ferradas, Itabuna, Brazil. [Sunderland, Terry] Ctr Int Forestry Res, Sustainable Landscapes & Food Syst, Bogor, Indonesia. [Sunderland, Terry] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Environm Studies, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Schmid, Bernhard; Niklaus, Pascal A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie; Mortier, Frederic] UPR F&S Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Sonke, Bonaventure] Univ Yaounde I, Dept Biol, Higher Teachers Training Coll, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, POB 047, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Tavani, Rebecca] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Dept Forestry, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Zhu, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhu, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Brandl, Susanne] Bavarian State Inst Forestry, Hans Carl von Carlowitz Pl 1, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Vayreda, Jordi] Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Vayreda, Jordi] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Kitahara, Fumiaki] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Shikoku Res Ctr, Kochi 7808077, Japan. [Neldner, Victor J.; Ngugi, Michael R.] Queensland Govt, Dept Sci Informat Technol & Innovat, Ecol Sci Unit, Queensland Herbarium, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia. [Baraloto, Christopher] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Int Ctr Trop Bot, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Baraloto, Christopher] INRA, UMR EcoFoG, Kourou, French Guiana. [Balazy, Radomir] Forest Res Inst, Sekocin Stary Braci Lesnej 3 St, PL-05090 Raszyn, Poland. [Oleksyn, Jacek; Jagodzinski, Andrzej M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Dendrol, Parkowa 5, PL-62035 Kornik, Poland. [Oleksyn, Jacek; Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz] Warsaw Univ Life Sci SGGW, Fac Forestry, Ul Nowoursynowska 159, PL-02776 Warsaw, Poland. [Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz] Polish State Forests, Ul Grojecka 127, PL-02124 Warsaw, Poland. [Bouriaud, Olivier] Univ Stefan Cel Mare Suceava, Forestry Fac, 13 Str Univ, Suceava 720229, Romania. [Bouriaud, Olivier] Inst Natl Cercetare Dezvoltare Silvicultura, 128 Bd Eroilor, Voluntari 077190, Romania. [Bussotti, Filippo] Univ Florence, Dept Agri Food Prod & Environm Sci, Ple Cascine 28, I-51044 Florence, Italy. [Finer, Leena] Nat Resources Inst Finland, Joensuu 80101, Finland. [Jaroszewicz, Bogdan] Univ Warsaw, Bialowieza Geobot Stn, Fac Biol, Sportowa 19, PL-17230 Bialowieza, Poland. [Valladares, Fernando] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Serrano 115 Dpdo, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Valladares, Fernando] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. [Jagodzinski, Andrzej M.] Poznan Univ Life Sci, Dept Game Management & Forest Protect, Wojska Polskiego 71c, PL-60625 Poznan, Poland. [Peri, Pablo L.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, Rivadavia 1917, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Peri, Pablo L.] INTA, Estn Expt Agr EEA Santa Cruz, Mahatma Ghandi 1322, RA-9400 Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina. [Peri, Pablo L.] UNPA, Lisandro Torre 1070, RA-9400 Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina. [Gonmadje, Christelle] Univ Yaounde I, Fac Sci, Dept Plant Ecol, POB 812, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Gonmadje, Christelle] Natl Herbarium, POB 1601, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Marthy, William; O'Brien, Timothy] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Martin, Emanuel H.] Coll African Wildlife Management, Dept Wildlife Management, POB 3031, Moshi, Tanzania. [Marshall, Andrew R.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5NG, N Yorkshire, England. [Marshall, Andrew R.] Flamingo Land, Malton YO10 6UX, N Yorkshire, England. [Rovero, Francesco] MUSE Museo Sci, Trop Biodivers Sect, Trento, Italy. [Bitariho, Robert] Inst Trop Forest Conservat, Kabale, Uganda. [Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia] Ctr Trop Conservat, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Chamuya, Nurdin] Minist Nat Resources & Tourism, Forestry & Beekeeping Div, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Valencia, Renato] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Ciencias Biol, Apartado 1701-2184, Quito, Ecuador. [Wortel, Verginia] Ctr Agr Res Suriname CELOS, Forest Management Dept, Paramaribo, Surinam. [Engone-Obiang, Nestor L.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci & Technol CENAREST, IRET, Inst Rech Ecol Trop, BP 13354, Libreville, Gabon. [Ferreira, Leandro V.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Coordenacao Bot, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Odeke, David E.] Natl Forest Author, Kampala, Uganda. [Vasquez, Rodolfo M.] Prolongac Bolognesi Mz-E-6, Oxapampa Pasco, Peru. [Lewis, Simon L.] UCL, Dept Geog, London, England. [Lewis, Simon L.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Crowther, Thomas W.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Liang, JJ (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM albeca.liang@gmail.com RI Fischer, Markus/C-6411-2008; Bouriaud, Olivier/C-4700-2011; Schulze, Ernst-Detlef/K-9627-2014; Niklaus, Pascal/G-5786-2010; Viana, Helder/B-2885-2010; de Miguel, Sergio/B-8358-2016; Pfautsch, Sebastian/J-8676-2012; Chen, Han/A-1359-2008; OI Fischer, Markus/0000-0002-5589-5900; Bouriaud, Olivier/0000-0002-8046-466X; Niklaus, Pascal/0000-0002-2360-1357; Viana, Helder/0000-0003-4024-3472; de Miguel, Sergio/0000-0002-9738-0657; Pfautsch, Sebastian/0000-0002-4390-4195; Chen, Han/0000-0001-9477-5541; Lewis, Simon/0000-0002-8066-6851; Schall, Peter/0000-0003-4808-818X; KNAW, NIOO-KNAW/0000-0002-3835-159X; Alberti, Giorgio/0000-0003-2422-3009; Jucker, Tommaso/0000-0002-0751-6312; Herault, Bruno/0000-0002-6950-7286; Salas, Christian/0000-0002-8468-0829 FU West Virginia University under the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) McIntire-Stennis Funds [WVA00104, WVA00105]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research Program at Cedar Creek [DEB-1234162]; University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources; Institute on the Environment; Architecture and Environment Department of Italcementi Group, Bergamo (Italy); Marie Sklodowska Curie fellowship; Polish National Science Center [2011/02/A/NZ9/00108]; French L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (Centre d'Etude de la Biodiversite Amazonienne) [ANR-10-LABX-0025]; General Directory of State Forest National Holding DB; General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland [1/07, OR/2717/3/11]; 12th Five-Year Science and Technology Support Project of China [2012BAD22B02]; U.S. Geological Survey; Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program - NSF; U.S. Forest Service; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2015R1C1A1A02037721]; Korea Forest Service [S111215L020110, S211315L020120, S111415L080120]; Promising-Pioneering Researcher Program through Seoul National University (SNU); New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Science and Innovation Group; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Program 1374 Biodiversity Exploratories; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) [1151495, 11110270]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2014-04181]; CNPq [312075/2013]; FAPESC [2013/TR441]; General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland; Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture, and Forestry [W07]; Bavarian State Forest Enterprise (Bayerische Staatsforsten AoR); German Science Foundation [PR 292/12-1]; European Union [FP1206 EuMIXFOR]; FEDER/COMPETE/POCI [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958]; FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [UID/AGR/04033/2013]; Swiss National Science Foundation [310030B_147092]; EU H2020 PEGASUS project [633814]; EU H2020 Simwood project [613762]; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program within the framework of the MultiFUNGtionality Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (IF-EF) [655815]; Royal Society; Natural Environment Research Council (UK); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Valuing the Arc Project (Leverhulme Trust); European Union Seventh Framework Programme [265171]; German Research Foundation [DFG FOR891]; Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs FX We are grateful to all the people and agencies that helped in collection, compilation, and coordination of the field data, including but not limited to T. Malone, J. Crowe, M. Sutton, J. Lovett, P. Munishi, M. Rautiainen, staff members from the Seoul National University Forest, and all persons who made the two Spanish Forest Inventories possible, especially the main coordinators, R. Villaescusa (IFN2) and J. A. Villanueva (IFN3). This work was supported in part by West Virginia University under the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) McIntire-Stennis Funds WVA00104 and WVA00105; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research Program at Cedar Creek (DEB-1234162); the University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources and Institute on the Environment; the Architecture and Environment Department of Italcementi Group, Bergamo (Italy); a Marie Sklodowska Curie fellowship; Polish National Science Center grant 2011/02/A/NZ9/00108; the French L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (Centre d'Etude de la Biodiversite Amazonienne: ANR-10-LABX-0025); the General Directory of State Forest National Holding DB; General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland (Research Projects 1/07 and OR/2717/3/11); the 12th Five-Year Science and Technology Support Project (grant 2012BAD22B02) of China; the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program funded by NSF and the U.S. Forest Service (any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government); National Research Foundation of Korea (grant NRF-2015R1C1A1A02037721), Korea Forest Service (grants S111215L020110, S211315L020120 and S111415L080120) and Promising-Pioneering Researcher Program through Seoul National University (SNU) in 2015; Core funding for Crown Research Institutes from the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Science and Innovation Group; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Program 1374 Biodiversity Exploratories; Chilean research grants Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) 1151495 and 11110270; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant RGPIN-2014-04181); Brazilian Research grants CNPq 312075/2013 and FAPESC 2013/TR441 supporting Santa Catarina State Forest Inventory (IFFSC); the General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland; the Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture, and Forestry project W07; the Bavarian State Forest Enterprise (Bayerische Staatsforsten AoR); German Science Foundation for project PR 292/12-1; the European Union for funding the COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR; FEDER/COMPETE/POCI under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013; Swiss National Science Foundation grant 310030B_147092; the EU H2020 PEGASUS project (no 633814), EU H2020 Simwood project (no 613762); and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program within the framework of the MultiFUNGtionality Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (IF-EF) under grant agreement 655815. The expeditions in Cameroon to collect the data were partly funded by a grant from the Royal Society and the Natural Environment Research Council (UK) to Simon L. Lewis. Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Ecuador offered working facilities and reduced station fees to implement the census protocol in Yasuni National Park.; We thank the following agencies and organization for providing the data: USDA Forest Service; School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks; the Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec (Canada); the Alberta Department of Agriculture and Forestry, the Saskatchewan Ministry of the Environment, and Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship (Canada); the National Vegetation Survey Databank (New Zealand); Italian and Friuli Venezia Giulia Forest Services (Italy); Bavarian State Forest Enterprise (Bayerische Staatsforsten AoR) and the Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems (Germany); Queensland Herbarium (Australia); Forestry Commission of New South Wales (Australia); Instituto de Conservacao da Natureza e das Florestas (Portugal). M'Baiki data were made possible and provided by the ARF Project (Appui la Recherche Forestiere) and its partners: AFD (Agence Francaise de Developpement), CIRAD (Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement), ICRA (Institut Centrafricain de Recherche Agronomique), MEDDEFCP (Ministere de l'Environnement, du Developpement Durable des Eaux, Forets, Chasse et Peche), SCAC/MAE (Service de Cooperation et d'Actions Culturelles, Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres), SCAD (Societe Centrafricaine de Deroulage), and the University of Bangui. All TEAM data were provided by the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network-a collaboration between Conservation International, the Smithsonian Institute, and the Wildlife Conservation Society-and partially funded by these institutions: the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Valuing the Arc Project (Leverhulme Trust), and other donors. The Exploratory plots of FunDivEUROPE received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 265171. The Chinese Comparative Study Plots (CSPs) were established in the framework of BEF-China, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG FOR891); The Gabon data set was provided by the Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST); Dutch inventory data collection was done with the help of Probos, Silve, Bureau van Nierop and Wim Daamen, financed by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. Data collection in Middle Eastern countries was supported by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation [Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID)] and Fundacion Biodiversidad, in cooperation with the governments of Syria and Lebanon. We are grateful to the Polish State Forest Holding for the data collected in the project "Establishment of a forest information system covering the area of the Sudetes and the West Beskids with respect to the forest condition monitoring and assessment" financed by the General Directory of State Forest National Holding. We thank two reviewers who provided constructive and helpful comments to help us further improve this paper. The data used in this manuscript are summarized in the supplementary materials (tables S1 and S2). All data needed to replicate these results are available at https://figshare.com and www.gfbinitiative.org. New Zealand data (doi:10.7931/V13W29) are available from S.W. under a materials agreement with the National Vegetation Survey Databank managed by Landcare Research, New Zealand. Access to Poland data needs additional permission from Polish State Forest National Holding, as provided to T.Z.-N. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 60 U2 60 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 14 PY 2016 VL 354 IS 6309 AR aaf8957 DI 10.1126/science.aaf8957 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC0UN UT WOS:000387816500036 ER PT J AU Fergus, CE Finley, AO Soranno, PA Wagner, T AF Fergus, C. Emi Finley, Andrew O. Soranno, Patricia A. Wagner, Tyler TI Spatial Variation in Nutrient and Water Color Effects on Lake Chlorophyll at Macroscales SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CROSS-SCALE INTERACTIONS; PHOSPHORUS RELATIONSHIP; ECOLOGICAL DATA; LANDSCAPE; PHYTOPLANKTON; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDICTION; REGION AB The nutrient-water color paradigm is a framework to characterize lake trophic status by relating lake primary productivity to both nutrients and water color, the colored component of dissolved organic carbon. Total phosphorus (TP), a limiting nutrient, and water color, a strong light attenuator, influence lake chlorophyll a concentrations (CHL). But, these relationships have been shown in previous studies to be highly variable, which may be related to differences in lake and catchment geomorphology, the forms of nutrients and carbon entering the system, and lake community composition. Because many of these factors vary across space it is likely that lake nutrient and water color relationships with CHL exhibit spatial autocorrelation, such that lakes near one another have similar relationships compared to lakes further away. Including this spatial dependency in models may improve CHL predictions and clarify how well the nutrient-water color paradigm applies to lakes distributed across diverse landscape settings. However, few studies have explicitly examined spatial heterogeneity in the effects of TP and water color together on lake CHL. In this study, we examined spatial variation in TP and water color relationships with CHL in over 800 north temperate lakes using spatially-varying coefficient models (SVC), a robust statistical method that applies a Bayesian framework to explore space-varying and scale-dependent relationships. We found that TP and water color relationships were spatially autocorrelated and that allowing for these relationships to vary by individual lakes over space improved the model fit and predictive performance as compared to models that did not vary over space. The magnitudes of TP effects on CHL differed across lakes such that a 1 mu/L increase in TP resulted in increased CHL ranging from 2-24 mu g/L across lake locations. Water color was not related to CHL for the majority of lakes, but there were some locations where water color had a positive effect such that a unit increase in water color resulted in a 2 mu g/L increase in CHL and other locations where it had a negative effect such that a unit increase in water color resulted in a 2 mu g/L decrease in CHL. In addition, the spatial scales that captured variation in TP and water color effects were different for our study lakes. Variation in TP-CHL relationships was observed at intermediate distances (similar to 20 km) compared to variation in water color-CHL relationships that was observed at regional distances (similar to 200 km). These results demonstrate that there are lake-to-lake differences in the effects of TP and water color on lake CHL and that this variation is spatially structured. Quantifying spatial structure in these relationships furthers our understanding of the variability in these relationships at macroscales and would improve model prediction of chlorophyll a to better meet lake management goals. C1 [Fergus, C. Emi; Soranno, Patricia A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry & Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fergus, CE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM fergusca@msu.edu FU National Science Foundation Macro Systems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate [EF-1065786]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-1513481, EF-1137309, EF-1241874, EF-1253225]; NASA Carbon Monitoring System grants FX Support for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation Macro Systems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Science Directorate (EF-1065786). Andrew Finley was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) DMS-1513481, EF-1137309, EF-1241874, and EF-1253225, as well as NASA Carbon Monitoring System grants. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysics, decision to publish, or prepartion of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0164592 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164592 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0CV UT WOS:000385505800093 PM 27736962 ER PT J AU Helmuth, B Choi, F Matzelle, A Torossian, JL Morello, SL Mislan, KAS Yamane, L Strickland, D Szathmary, PL Gilman, SE Tockstein, A Hilbish, TJ Burrows, MT Power, AM Gosling, E Mieszkowska, N Harley, CDG Nishizaki, M Carrington, E Menge, B Petes, L Foley, MM Johnson, A Poole, M Noble, MM Richmond, EL Robart, M Robinson, J Sapp, J Sones, J Broitman, BR Denny, MW Mach, KJ Miller, LP O'Donnell, M Ross, P Hofmann, GE Zippay, M Blanchette, C Macfarlan, JA Carpizo-Ituarte, E Ruttenberg, B Mejia, CEP McQuaid, CD Lathlean, J Monaco, CJ Nicastro, KR Zardi, G AF Helmuth, Brian Choi, Francis Matzelle, Allison Torossian, Jessica L. Morello, Scott L. Mislan, K. A. S. Yamane, Lauren Strickland, Denise Szathmary, P. Lauren Gilman, Sarah E. Tockstein, Alyson Hilbish, Thomas J. Burrows, Michael T. Power, Anne Marie Gosling, Elizabeth Mieszkowska, Nova Harley, Christopher D. G. Nishizaki, Michael Carrington, Emily Menge, Bruce Petes, Laura Foley, Melissa M. Johnson, Angela Poole, Megan Noble, Mae M. Richmond, Erin L. Robart, Matt Robinson, Jonathan Sapp, Jerod Sones, Jackie Broitman, Bernardo R. Denny, Mark W. Mach, Katharine J. Miller, Luke P. O'Donnell, Michael Ross, Philip Hofmann, Gretchen E. Zippay, Mackenzie Blanchette, Carol Macfarlan, J. A. Carpizo-Ituarte, Eugenio Ruttenberg, Benjamin Pena Mejia, Carlos E. McQuaid, Christopher D. Lathlean, Justin Monaco, Cristin J. Nicastro, Katy R. Zardi, Gerardo TI Long-term, high frequency in situ measurements of intertidal mussel bed temperatures using biomimetic sensors SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article; Data Paper ID EFFECTIVE SHORE LEVEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-STRESS; MYTILUS-CALIFORNIANUS; WAVE EXPOSURE; BIOGEOGRAPHIC RESPONSES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; NATIVE MUSSEL; PATTERNS AB At a proximal level, the physiological impacts of global climate change on ectothermic organisms are manifest as changes in body temperatures. Especially for plants and animals exposed to direct solar radiation, body temperatures can be substantially different from air temperatures. We deployed biomimetic sensors that approximate the thermal characteristics of intertidal mussels at 71 sites worldwide, from 1998-present. Loggers recorded temperatures at 10-30 min intervals nearly continuously at multiple intertidal elevations. Comparisons against direct measurements of mussel tissue temperature indicated errors of similar to 2.0-2.5 degrees C, during daily fluctuations that often exceeded 15 degrees-20 degrees C. Geographic patterns in thermal stress based on biomimetic logger measurements were generally far more complex than anticipated based only on 'habitat-level' measurements of air or sea surface temperature. This unique data set provides an opportunity to link physiological measurements with spatially-and temporally-explicit field observations of body temperature. C1 [Helmuth, Brian; Choi, Francis; Matzelle, Allison; Torossian, Jessica L.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, 430 Nahant Rd, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Morello, Scott L.] Downeast Inst, Beals, ME 04611 USA. [Mislan, K. A. S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yamane, Lauren] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Strickland, Denise; Szathmary, P. Lauren; Tockstein, Alyson; Hilbish, Thomas J.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Gilman, Sarah E.] Pitzer Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept Claremont McKenna, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Gilman, Sarah E.] Scripps Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept Claremont McKenna, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Burrows, Michael T.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Power, Anne Marie] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Nat Sci, Anne Marie Power, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland. [Gosling, Elizabeth] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci, Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland. [Mieszkowska, Nova] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Harley, Christopher D. G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Harley, Christopher D. G.] Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Nishizaki, Michael; Carrington, Emily] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Menge, Bruce; Petes, Laura; Foley, Melissa M.; Johnson, Angela; Poole, Megan; Noble, Mae M.; Richmond, Erin L.; Robart, Matt; Robinson, Jonathan; Sapp, Jerod] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sones, Jackie] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Reserve, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Broitman, Bernardo R.] Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile. [Denny, Mark W.; Mach, Katharine J.; Miller, Luke P.; O'Donnell, Michael] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Ross, Philip] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand. [Hofmann, Gretchen E.; Zippay, Mackenzie; Blanchette, Carol; Macfarlan, J. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carpizo-Ituarte, Eugenio; Ruttenberg, Benjamin; Pena Mejia, Carlos E.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [McQuaid, Christopher D.; Lathlean, Justin; Monaco, Cristin J.; Nicastro, Katy R.; Zardi, Gerardo] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Strickland, Denise] Palmetto Hlth Richland, Columbia, SC USA. [Szathmary, P. Lauren] Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Tockstein, Alyson] Maritime Aquarium Norwalk, Norwalk, CT 06854 USA. [Mieszkowska, Nova] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZX, Merseyside, England. [Nishizaki, Michael] Williams Coll & Myst Seaport, Maritime Studies Program, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Petes, Laura] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Foley, Melissa M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Noble, Mae M.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Richmond, Erin L.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Richmond, Erin L.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Robart, Matt] Occidental Coll, Vantuna Res Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. [Mach, Katharine J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miller, Luke P.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [O'Donnell, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zippay, Mackenzie] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Blanchette, Carol] Valentine Eastern Sierra Reserve, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. [Macfarlan, J. A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ruttenberg, Benjamin] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Pena Mejia, Carlos E.] Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras, Jefe Lab Instrumentac Marina, Santa Marta Dtch 470006, Colombia. [Nicastro, Katy R.] Univ Algarve, Ctr Ciencias Mar, CIMAR Lab Assoc, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. RP Helmuth, B (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, 430 Nahant Rd, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. EM b.helmuth@northeastern.edu OI Zardi, Gerardo/0000-0001-8798-5794; Helmuth, Brian/0000-0003-0180-3414 NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 3 AR UNSP 160087 DI 10.1038/sdata.2016.87 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EF3ON UT WOS:000390234100001 PM 27727238 ER PT J AU Olefeldt, D Goswami, S Grosse, G Hayes, D Hugelius, G Kuhry, P McGuire, AD Romanovsky, VE Sannel, ABK Schuur, EAG Turetsky, MR AF Olefeldt, D. Goswami, S. Grosse, G. Hayes, D. Hugelius, G. Kuhry, P. McGuire, A. D. Romanovsky, V. E. Sannel, A. B. K. Schuur, E. A. G. Turetsky, M. R. TI Circumpolar distribution and carbon storage of thermokarst landscapes SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PERMAFROST CARBON; THAWING PERMAFROST; CLIMATE; FEEDBACK; FORESTS; ALASKA; PEATLANDS; DYNAMICS; DATABASE; RELEASE AB Thermokarst is the process whereby the thawing of ice- rich permafrost ground causes land subsidence, resulting in development of distinctive landforms. Accelerated thermokarst due to climate change will damage infrastructure, but also impact hydrology, ecology and biogeochemistry. Here, we present a circumpolar assessment of the distribution of thermokarst landscapes, defined as landscapes comprised of current thermokarst landforms and areas susceptible to future thermokarst development. At 3.6 x 10(6) km(2), thermokarst landscapes are estimated to cover similar to 20% of the northern permafrost region, with approximately equal contributions from three landscape types where characteristic wetland, lake and hillslope thermokarst landforms occur. We estimate that approximately half of the below-ground organic carbon within the study region is stored in thermokarst landscapes. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly considering thermokarst when assessing impacts of climate change, including future landscape greenhouse gas emissions, and provide a means for assessing such impacts at the circumpolar scale. C1 [Olefeldt, D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Olefeldt, D.; Turetsky, M. R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Goswami, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Goswami, S.] Indian Space Res Org, Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Grosse, G.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Hayes, D.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.; Sannel, A. B. K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Romanovsky, V. E.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Romanovsky, V. E.] Tyumen State Oil & Gas Univ, Tyumen 625000, Tyument Oblast, Russia. [Schuur, E. A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Olefeldt, D (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.; Olefeldt, D (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM olefeldt@ualberta.ca RI Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU National Science Foundation Network Grant [955713]; National Science Foundation SEARCH Grant [1331083]; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; ERC [338335]; HGF [ERC-0013]; Department of Energy (DOE) [3ERKP818]; Swedish Research Council; EU JPI COUP consortium; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Climate Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey Land Carbon Program; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Sciences Division Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program [DE-SC0006982] FX This project benefited from input from members of the Permafrost Carbon Network (www.permafrostcarbon.org). Supporting funding to the Permafrost Carbon Network was provided by the National Science Foundation Network Grant #955713 and the National Science Foundation SEARCH Grant #1331083. Author contributions were also supported by individual grants: D.O.-the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, G.G.-ERC #338335 and HGF #ERC-0013, D.H.-Department of Energy (DOE) Early Career Award (DOEBER #3ERKP818), G.H.-the Swedish Research Council and the EU JPI COUP consortium, A.D.M.-the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Climate Science Center and the U.S. Geological Survey Land Carbon Program, E.A.G.S-U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Sciences Division Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program, Award #DE-SC0006982. Thanks goes to Andrew Balser, Benjamin Abbott, Claire Treat and Cristian Estop-Aragones for carrying out evaluations of the thermokarst landscape maps. Guangsheng Chen aided the climate data analysis and Andrew Kohlenberg created the figures, helped design the expert evaluation and expanded the database of study sites. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 26 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD OCT 11 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13043 DI 10.1038/ncomms13043 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0QO UT WOS:000385545000001 PM 27725633 ER PT J AU Bonneau, M Johnson, FA Romagosa, CM AF Bonneau, Mathieu Johnson, Fred A. Romagosa, Christina M. TI Spatially explicit control of invasive species using a reaction-diffusion model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Allocation; Burmese pythons; Control; Invasive species; Reaction-diffusion model; Simulation; Spatial distribution; Ecological modeling ID LARGE STATE-SPACES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; PLANT INVASIONS; SPREAD; LANDSCAPES; EQUATIONS; ECONOMICS; WAVE AB Invasive species, which can be responsible for severe economic and environmental damages, must often be managed over a wide area with limited resources, and the optimal allocation of effort in space and time can be challenging. If the spatial range of the invasive species is large, control actions might be applied only on some parcels of land, for example because of property type, accessibility, or limited human resources. Selecting the locations for control is critical and can significantly impact management efficiency. To help make decisions concerning the spatial allocation of control actions, we propose a simulation based approach, where the spatial distribution of the invader is approximated by a reaction-diffusion model. We extend the classic Fisher equation to incorporate the effect of control both in the diffusion and local growth of the invader. The modified reaction-diffusion model that we propose accounts for the effect of control, not only on the controlled locations, but on neighboring locations, which are based on the theoretical speed of the invasion front. Based on simulated examples, we show the superiority of our model compared to the state-of-the-art approach. We illustrate the use of this model for the management of Burmese pythons in the Everglades (Florida, USA). Thanks to the generality of the modified reaction-diffusion model, this framework is potentially suitable for a wide class of management problems and provides a tool for managers to predict the effects of different management strategies. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bonneau, Mathieu; Romagosa, Christina M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland &Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Bonneau, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mbonneau@ufl.edu; fjohnson@usgs.gov; cmromagosa@ufl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Invasive Species Program; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Studies FX We would like to thank Miguel Acevedo and Mariano Marcano for fruitful discussions about the use of the Crank-Nicholson method, and Sergei Pilyugin for help with reaction-diffusion models in general. We also thank Ann Foster for providing the necessary GIS data and Kristen Hart for providing telemetry data for the python example. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Invasive Species Program and Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Studies. We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for hosting a workshop concerning python control at the National Conservation Training Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 49 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2016 VL 337 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.013 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV0EQ UT WOS:000382591200003 ER PT J AU Li, ZP Liu, SG Zhang, XS West, TO Ogle, SM Zhou, NJ AF Li, Zhengpeng Liu, Shuguang Zhang, Xuesong West, Tristram O. Ogle, Stephen M. Zhou, Naijun TI Evaluating land cover influences on model uncertainties-A case study of cropland carbon dynamics in the Mid-Continent Intensive Campaign region SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemical model; Cropland carbon fluxes; Land cover; Uncertainty; Mid-Continent Intensive Campaign ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; DISTANCE STATISTICS; TERRESTRIAL; RESOLUTION; SOIL; INVERSIONS; NPP AB Quantifying spatial and temporal patterns of carbon sources and sinks and their uncertainties across agriculture-dominated areas remains challenging for understanding regional carbon cycles. Characteristics of local land cover inputs could impact the regional carbon estimates but the effect has not been fully evaluated in the past. Within the North American Carbon Program Mid-Continent Intensive (MCI) Campaign, three models were developed to estimate carbon fluxes on croplands: an inventory-based model, the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model, and the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) model. They all provided estimates of three major carbon fluxes on cropland: net primary production (NPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), and soil organic carbon (SOC) change. Using data mining and spatial statistics, we studied the spatial distribution of the carbon fluxes uncertainties and the relationships between the uncertainties and the land cover characteristics. Results indicated that uncertainties for all three carbon fluxes were not randomly distributed, but instead formed multiple clusters within the MCI region. We investigated the impacts of three land cover characteristics on the fluxes uncertainties: cropland percentage, cropland richness and cropland diversity. The results indicated that cropland percentage significantly influenced the uncertainties of NPP and NEP, but not on the uncertainties of SOC change. Greater uncertainties of NPP and NEP were found in counties with small cropland percentage than the counties with large cropland percentage. Cropland species richness and diversity also showed negative correlations with the model uncertainties. Our study demonstrated that the land cover characteristics contributed to the uncertainties of regional carbon fluxes estimates. The approaches we used in this study can be applied to other ecosystem models to identify the areas with high uncertainties and where models can be improved to reduce overall uncertainties for regional carbon flux estimates. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Zhengpeng] South Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhang, Xuesong] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [West, Tristram O.] US DOE, SC-23, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Ogle, Stephen M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhou, Naijun] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, ZP (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM zli2807@jacks.sdstate.edu RI zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program; EPIC; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNH12AU03I, NNH13ZDA001N]; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program [NNX08AK08G] FX We thank Dr. Michael C. Wimberly and two anonymous reviewers for their specific comments and helpful suggestions in improving the manuscript. Dr. Shuguang Liu, with support from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program, contributed to data analysis and writing of the paper. The fund for EPIC modeling and Dr. Xuesong Zhang is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (NNH12AU03I and NNH13ZDA001N). Contributions from Drs. Stephen Ogle and Tristram West are funded by a grant from NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (NNX08AK08G). NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2016 VL 337 BP 176 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.07.002 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV0EQ UT WOS:000382591200018 ER PT J AU Sohl, TL Wimberly, MC Radeloff, VC Theobald, DM Sleeter, BM AF Sohl, Terry L. Wimberly, Michael C. Radeloff, Volker C. Theobald, David M. Sleeter, Benjamin M. TI Divergent projections of future land use in the United States arising from different models and scenarios SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Review DE Land use; Modeling; United States; Review; Comparison; Scenario ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; GLOBAL-SCALE; STABILIZATION; COVER; OPPORTUNITIES; CONSERVATION; TRANSITIONS; COMPLETION; DATABASE AB A variety of land-use and land-cover (LULC) models operating at scales from local to global have been developed in recent years, including a number of models that provide spatially explicit, multi-class LULC projections for the conterminous United States. This diversity of modeling approaches raises the question: how consistent are their projections of future land use? We compared projections from six LULC modeling applications for the United States and assessed quantitative, spatial, and conceptual inconsistencies. Each set of projections provided multiple scenarios covering a period from roughly 2000 to 2050. Given the unique spatial, thematic, and temporal characteristics of each set of projections, individual projections were aggregated to a common set of basic, generalized LULC classes (i.e., cropland, pasture, forest, range, and urban) and summarized at the county level across the conterminous United States. We found very little agreement in projected future LULC trends and patterns among the different models. Variability among scenarios for a given model was generally lower than variability among different models, in terms of both trends in the amounts of basic LULC classes and their projected spatial patterns. Even when different models assessed the same purported scenario, model projections varied substantially. Projections of agricultural trends were often far above the maximum historical amounts, raising concerns about the realism of the projections. Comparisons among models were hindered by major discrepancies in categorical definitions, and suggest a need for standardization of historical LULC data sources. To capture a broader range of uncertainties, ensemble modeling approaches are also recommended. However, the vast inconsistencies among LULC models raise questions about the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of current modeling approaches. Given the substantial effects that land-use change can have on ecological and societal processes, there is a need for improvement in LULC theory and modeling capabilities to improve acceptance and use of regional- to national-scale LULC projections for the United States and elsewhere. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sohl, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wimberly, Michael C.] South Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, 1021 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, SILVIS Lab, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Theobald, David M.] Conservat Sci Partners, 5 Old Town Sq, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Sleeter, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Sohl, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sohl@usgs.gov OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area's Research & Development and Land Change Science programs; National Science Foundation's Coupled Natural and Human Systems program FX The authors thank the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area's Research & Development and Land Change Science programs, and the National Science Foundation's Coupled Natural and Human Systems program for supporting this work. Thank you to V. Landau for data processing support. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2016 VL 337 BP 281 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.07.016 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV0EQ UT WOS:000382591200028 ER PT J AU Ferreira-Martins, D McCormick, SD Campos, A Lopes-Marques, M Osorio, H Coimbra, J Castro, LFC Wilson, JM AF Ferreira-Martins, D. McCormick, S. D. Campos, A. Lopes-Marques, M. Osorio, H. Coimbra, J. Castro, L. F. C. Wilson, J. M. TI A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase molecular switch occurs in the gills of metamorphic sea lamprey SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ACID-BASE REGULATION; CHLORIDE BICARBONATE EXCHANGE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; IMMOBILIZED PH GRADIENTS; PETROMYZON-MARINUS L; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; RAINBOW-TROUT; COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION AB Carbonic anhydrase plays a key role in CO2 transport, acid-base and ion regulation and metabolic processes in vertebrates. While several carbonic anhydrase isoforms have been identified in numerous vertebrate species, basal lineages such as the cyclostomes have remained largely unexamined. Here we investigate the repertoire of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), that has a complex life history marked by a dramatic metamorphosis from a benthic filter-feeding ammocoete larvae into a parasitic juvenile which migrates from freshwater to seawater. We have identified a novel carbonic anhydrase gene (ca19) beyond the single carbonic anhydrase gene (ca18) that was known previously. Phylogenetic analysis and synteny studies suggest that both carbonic anhydrase genes form one or two independent gene lineages and are most likely duplicates retained uniquely in cyclostomes. Quantitative PCR of ca19 and ca18 and protein expression in gill across metamorphosis show that the ca19 levels are highest in ammocoetes and decrease during metamorphosis while ca18 shows the opposite pattern with the highest levels in post-metamorphic juveniles. We propose that a unique molecular switch occurs during lamprey metamorphosis resulting in distinct gill carbonic anhydrases reflecting the contrasting life modes and habitats of these life-history stages. C1 [Ferreira-Martins, D.; Campos, A.; Lopes-Marques, M.; Coimbra, J.; Castro, L. F. C.; Wilson, J. M.] Univ Porto, Ctr Interdisciplinar Invest Marinha & Ambiental C, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. [Ferreira-Martins, D.; Lopes-Marques, M.] Univ Porto, Inst Ciencias Biomed Abel Salazar, P-4050313 Oporto, Portugal. [McCormick, S. D.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Osorio, H.] Univ Porto, i3s Inst Invest & Inovacao Saude, P-4200135 Oporto, Portugal. [Osorio, H.] Univ Porto, Inst Patol & Imunol Mol, P-4200135 Oporto, Portugal. [Osorio, H.] Univ Porto, Fac Med, Dept Patol & Oncol, P-4200319 Oporto, Portugal. [Castro, L. F. C.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Wilson, J. M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. RP Wilson, JM (reprint author), Univ Porto, Ctr Interdisciplinar Invest Marinha & Ambiental C, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal.; Wilson, JM (reprint author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. EM wilson.jm.cimar@gmail.com RI Osorio, Hugo/A-7847-2012; Wilson, Jonathan/I-6071-2012 OI Osorio, Hugo/0000-0002-6362-8255; Wilson, Jonathan/0000-0003-3681-1166 FU European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Competitiveness and Trade Expansion Program (COMPETE); National Funds provided by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) via the research project [PTDC/MAR/98035]; European Regional Development Fund through the COMPETE - Operational Competitiveness Program; national funds through FCT [PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011]; Natural Sciences and Engineering research council (NSERC Canada) [RGPIN-2014-04289] FX We thank Professor Colin Brauner for his helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Competitiveness and Trade Expansion Program (COMPETE) and by National Funds provided by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) via the research project PTDC/MAR/98035 and European Regional Development Fund through the COMPETE - Operational Competitiveness Program and national funds through FCT [PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011] and Natural Sciences and Engineering research council (NSERC Canada) grant RGPIN-2014-04289 to JMW. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 27 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 5 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33954 DI 10.1038/srep33954 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DX8QY UT WOS:000384655200001 PM 27703170 ER PT J AU Pyle, RL Boland, R Bolick, H Bowen, BW Bradley, CJ Kane, C Kosaki, RK Langston, R Longenecker, K Montgomery, A Parrish, FA Popp, BN Rooney, J Smith, CM Wagner, D Spalding, HL AF Pyle, Richard L. Boland, Raymond Bolick, Holly Bowen, Brian W. Bradley, Christina J. Kane, Corinne Kosaki, Randall K. Langston, Ross Longenecker, Ken Montgomery, Anthony Parrish, Frank A. Popp, Brian N. Rooney, John Smith, Celia M. Wagner, Daniel Spalding, Heather L. TI A comprehensive investigation of mesophotic coral ecosystems in the Hawaiian Archipelago SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Mesophotic coral ecosystems; Hawaiian Archipelago; Endemism; Refugia; Closed-circuit rebreathers; Amino acid isotopic composition ID REEF-FISH ASSEMBLAGES; NITROGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; RAPID REPRODUCTIVE ANALYSIS; PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE; LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATION; LONG-TERM DECLINE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; AMINO-ACIDS; TWILIGHT-ZONE; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS AB Although the existence of coral-reef habitats at depths to 165 m in tropical regions has been known for decades, the richness, diversity, and ecological importance of mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) has only recently become widely acknowledged. During an interdisciplinary effort spanning more than two decades, we characterized the most expansive MCEs ever recorded, with vast macroalgal communities and areas of 100% coral cover between depths of 50-90 m extending for tens of km(2) in the Hawaiian Archipelago. We used a variety of sensors and techniques to establish geophysical characteristics. Biodiversity patterns were established from visual and video observations and collected specimens obtained from submersible, remotely operated vehicles and mixed-gas SCUBA and rebreather dives. Population dynamics based on age, growth and fecundity estimates of selected fish species were obtained from laser-videogrammetry, specimens, and otolith preparations. Trophic dynamics were determined using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analyses on more than 750 reef fishes. MCEs are associated with clear water and suitable substrate. In comparison to shallow reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago, inhabitants of MCEs have lower total diversity, harbor new and unique species, and have higher rates of endemism in fishes. Fish species present in shallow and mesophotic depths have similar population and trophic (except benthic invertivores) structures and high genetic connectivity with lower fecundity at mesophotic depths. MCEs in Hawai'i are widespread but associated with specific geophysical characteristics. High genetic, ecological and trophic connectivity establish the potential for MCEs to serve as refugia for some species, but our results question the premise that MCEs are more resilient than shallow reefs. We found that endemism within MCEs increases with depth, and our results do not support suggestions of a global faunal break at 60 m. Our findings enhance the scientific foundations for conservation and management of MCEs, and provide a template for future interdisciplinary research on MCEs worldwide. C1 [Pyle, Richard L.; Bolick, Holly; Langston, Ross; Longenecker, Ken] Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Boland, Raymond; Parrish, Frank A.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Boland, Raymond] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Honolulu, HI USA. [Bowen, Brian W.; Montgomery, Anthony] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bradley, Christina J.] Univ Calif Merced, Life & Environm Sci, Merced, CA USA. [Bradley, Christina J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kane, Corinne] Washington State Univ, Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kosaki, Randall K.; Wagner, Daniel] NOAA, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI USA. [Montgomery, Anthony] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI USA. [Popp, Brian N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Rooney, John] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA. [Smith, Celia M.; Spalding, Heather L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Pyle, RL (reprint author), Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM deepreef@bishopmuseum.org FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program) [NA07NOS4780188, NA07NOS4780187, NA07NOS478190, NA07NOS4780189]; NOAA Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument; Univ. of Hawai'i Department of Botany; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program [NA05OAR4301108, NA09OAR4300219, HC07-11, HC08-06]; Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative; Dingell-Johnson Sportfish Restoration program; State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources FX This paper includes results of research funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program) under award NA07NOS4780188 to the Bishop Museum, NA07NOS4780187 and NA07NOS478190 to the University of Hawai'i, and NA07NOS4780189 to the State of Hawai'i; submersible support provided by NOAA Undersea Research Program's Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL); funding from the NOAA Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument to the Bishop Museum and the Univ. of Hawai'i Department of Botany, and funding from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program research grants program administered by HURL under award NA05OAR4301108 and NA09OAR4300219, project numbers HC07-11 and HC08-06. Staff and NOAA ship vessel time for three research cruises were provided by National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. Additional funding for this project was provided by the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources. Support for additional rebreather-based surveys off Hawai'i and elsewhere in the Pacific were provided by the Association for Marine Exploration. Life-history analysis of shallow-water fishes was funded by the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative and the Dingell-Johnson Sportfish Restoration program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 151 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 11 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD OCT 4 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e2475 DI 10.7717/peerj.2475 PG 45 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ1BU UT WOS:000385574500002 PM 27761310 ER PT J AU Baldwin, AK Corsi, SR Mason, SA AF Baldwin, Austin K. Corsi, Steven R. Mason, Sherri A. TI Plastic Debris in 29 Great Lakes Tributaries: Relations to Watershed Attributes and Hydrology SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MYTILUS-EDULIS L.; MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; SYNTHETIC-FIBERS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SURFACE WATERS; NORTH-SEA; RIVER; INGESTION AB Plastic debris is a growing contaminant of concern in freshwater environments, yet sources, transport, and fate remain unclear. This study characterized the quantity and morphology of floating micro- and macroplastics in 29 Great Lakes tributaries in six states under different land: covers, wastewater effluent contributions, population densities; and hydrologic conditions. Tributaries were sampled three or four times each using a 333 mu m mesh neuston net. Plastic particles were sorted by size, counted, and categorized as fibers/lines, pellets/beads, foams, films, and fragments. Plastics were found in all 107 samples, with a maximum concentration of 32 particles/m(3) and a median of 1.9 particles/m(3). Ninety-eight percent of sampled plastic particles were less than 4.75 mm in diameter and therefore considered microplastics. Fragments, films, foams, and pellets/beads were positively correlated with urban-related watershed attributes and were found at greater concentrations during runoff-event conditions. Fibers, the most frequently detected particle type, were not associated with urban-related watershed attributes, wastewater effluent contribution, or hydrologic condition. Results from this study add to the body of information currently available on microplastics in different environmental compartments; including unique:coritributibns to quantify their occurrence and variability in rivers With a wide variety of different land-use characteristics while highlighting differences between surface samples from rivers compared with lakes. C1 [Baldwin, Austin K.; Corsi, Steven R.] US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Mason, Sherri A.] SUNY Coll Fredonia, Dept Chem & Biochem, 280 Cent Ave,Sci Complex 340, Fredonia, NY 14063 USA. [Baldwin, Austin K.] US Geol Survey, 230 Collins Rd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Baldwin, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.; Baldwin, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 230 Collins Rd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM akbaldwi@usgs.gov OI Baldwin, Austin/0000-0002-6027-3823 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the many individuals at the USGS involved in sample collection: Peter Lenaker, Paul Reneau, Nic Buer, Ben Siebers, Troy Rutter, Rebecca Carvin, Ben Torrison, Joe Schuler, Molly Breitmun, Kyle Raimer, Joe Duris, Cyndi Rachol, Rick Jodoin, Julia Giesen, Cheryl Silcox, Ed Dobrowolski, Eric Looper, Andy Gorman, Howard Mills, Stephanie Kula, Stephanie Janosy, Chad Toussant, Brian Mailot, Brett Hayhurst, Ben Fisher, Josh Larson, Russ Buesing, and Jeff Copa. We thank Michelle Lutz for her GIS expertise. We also thank SUNY Fredonia students Rachel Ricotta, Joylyn Kovachev, Katie Donnelly, and Evan Miller for the many hours spent analyzing these samples in the laboratory. Special thanks are extended to Ben Siebers for assistance with the abstract graphic. Support for this project was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 62 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 4 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 19 BP 10377 EP 10385 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b02917 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DY1GC UT WOS:000384841900010 PM 27627676 ER PT J AU Heilweil, VM Solomon, DK Darrah, TH Gilmore, TE Genereux, DP AF Heilweil, Victor M. Solomon, D. Kip Darrah, Thomas H. Gilmore, Troy E. Genereux, David P. TI Gas-Tracer Experiment for Evaluating the Fate of Methane in a Coastal Plain Stream: Degassing versus in-Stream Oxidation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNCONFINED AQUIFER; WATER; EMISSIONS; CARBON; EXCHANGE; SHALLOW; RATES AB Methane emissions from streams and rivers have recently been recognized as an important component of global greenhouse budgets. Stream methane is lost as evasion to the atmosphere or in-stream methane oxidation. Previous studies have quantified evasion and oxidation with point-scale measurements. In this study, dissolved gases (methane, krypton) were injected into a coastal plain stream in North Carolina to quantify stream CH4 losses at the watershed scale. Stream-reach modeling yielded gas transfer and oxidation rate constants of 3.2 +/- 0.5 and 0.5 +/- 1.5 d(-1), respectively, indicating a ratio of about 6:1. The resulting evasion and oxidation rates of 2.9 mmol m(-2) d(-1) and 1,140 nmol L-1 d(-1), respectively, lie within ranges of published values. Similarly, the gas transfer velocity (K-600) of 2.1 m d(-1) is consistent with other gas tracer studies. This study illustrates the utility of dissolved-gas tracers for evaluating stream methane fluxes. In contrast to point measurements, this approach provides a larger watershed-scale perspective. Further work is needed to quantify the magnitude of these fluxes under varying conditions (e.g., stream temperature, nutrient load, gradient, flow rate) at regional and global scales before reliable bottom-up estimates of methane evasion can be determined at global scales. C1 [Heilweil, Victor M.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Darrah, Thomas H.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.; Genereux, David P.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.] Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Heilweil, VM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM Heilweil@usgs.gov RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1045162, EAR-1045134] FX We would like to acknowledge Briant Kimball (U.S. Geological Survey, retired) for conducting and interpreting the stream bromide injection, James Marlowe (U.S. Geological Survey) for making flowmeter discharge measurements, John Solder (Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah; currently at the U.S. Geological Survey) for assisting with the stream injection and sampling, and Peter Cook (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization) for his 1D stream transport code for simulating groundwater inflow and gas transfer. We also gratefully acknowledge financial support by U.S. National Science Foundation under awards EAR-1045162 to North Carolina State University and EAR-1045134 to the University of Utah. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 4 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 19 BP 10504 EP 10511 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b02224 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DY1GC UT WOS:000384841900024 PM 27632066 ER PT J AU Weller, TJ Castle, KT Liechti, F Hein, CD Schirmacher, MR Cryan, PM AF Weller, Theodore J. Castle, Kevin T. Liechti, Felix Hein, Cris D. Schirmacher, Michael R. Cryan, Paul M. TI First Direct Evidence of Long-distance Seasonal Movements and Hibernation in a Migratory Bat SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TORPOR; ENERGETICS; TELEMETRY; LASIURUS; SONGBIRD; TAGS AB Understanding of migration in small bats has been constrained by limitations of techniques that were labor-intensive, provided coarse levels of resolution, or were limited to population-level inferences. Knowledge of movements and behaviors of individual bats have been unknowable because of limitations in size of tracking devices and methods to attach them for long periods. We used sutures to attach miniature global positioning system (GPS) tags and data loggers that recorded light levels, activity, and temperature to male hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus). Results from recovered GPS tags illustrated profound differences among movement patterns by individuals, including one that completed a > 1000 km round-trip journey during October 2014. Data loggers allowed us to record sub-hourly patterns of activity and torpor use, in one case over a period of 224 days that spanned an entire winter. In this latter bat, we documented 5 torpor bouts that lasted >= 16 days and a flightless period that lasted 40 nights. These first uses of miniature tags on small bats allowed us to discover that male hoary bats can make multi-directional movements during the migratory season and sometimes hibernate for an entire winter. C1 [Weller, Theodore J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Castle, Kevin T.] Wildlife Vet Consulting, 840 Sundance Dr, Livermore, CO 80536 USA. [Liechti, Felix] Swiss Ornithol Inst, Seerose 1, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Hein, Cris D.; Schirmacher, Michael R.] Bat Conservat Int, POB 162603, Austin, TX 78716 USA. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Weller, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM tweller@fs.fed.us OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center FX Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center. We are grateful to the California State Parks, North Coast Redwood District for granting us access and permission to conduct this study. We thank A. Brokaw, J. Clerc, T. Dewey, B. Fahey, M. Lau, C. Long, M. McKenzie, S. Mendia, M. Parker, K. Southall, V. Stover, J. Szewczak, and C. Zurek for invaluable assistance in the field. J. Baldwin prepared the figure on arousal times. Special thanks to R. Diehl for sacrificing his chance to deploy experimental data loggers on birds and instead contributing them to advancement of knowledge regarding the other class of extant flying vertebrates. Comments from B. Zielinski and J. Wolfe improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 4 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 34585 DI 10.1038/srep34585 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DX7DI UT WOS:000384546200001 PM 27698492 ER PT J AU Wootten, A Bowden, JH Boyles, R Terando, A AF Wootten, A. Bowden, J. H. Boyles, R. Terando, A. TI The Sensitivity of WRF Downscaled Precipitation in Puerto Rico to Cumulus Parameterization and Interior Grid Nudging SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; MODEL; RESOLUTION; RAINFALL; SCALE; ENTRAINMENT; REANALYSIS; SCHEMES; WEATHER AB The sensitivity of the precipitation over Puerto Rico that is simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is evaluated using multiple combinations of cumulus parameterization (CP) schemes and interior grid nudging. The NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2) is downscaled to 2-km horizontal grid spacing both with convective-permitting simulations (CP active only in the middle and outer domains) and with CP schemes active in all domains. The results generally show lower simulated precipitation amounts than are observed, regardless of WRF configuration, but activating the CP schemes in the inner domain improves the annual cycle, intensity, and placement of rainfall relative to the convective-permitting simulations. Furthermore, the use of interior-grid-nudging techniques in the outer domains improves the placement and intensity of rainfall in the inner domain. Incorporating a CP scheme at convective-permitting scales (, 4 km) and grid nudging at non-convective-permitting scales (>4 km) improves the island average correlation of precipitation by 0.05-0.2 and reduces the island average RMSE by up to 40 mm on average over relying on the explicit microphysics at convective-permitting scales with grid nudging. Projected changes in summer precipitation between 2040-42 and 1985-87 using WRF to downscale CCSM4 range from a 2.6-mm average increase to an 81.9-mm average decrease, depending on the choice of CP scheme. The differences are only associated with differences between WRF configurations, which indicates the importance of CP scheme for projected precipitation change as well as historical accuracy. C1 [Wootten, A.; Boyles, R.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bowden, J. H.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Terando, A.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Raleigh, NC USA. [Terando, A.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Wootten, A (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, State Climate Off North Carolina, Centennial Campus Box 7236, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM amwootte@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center (USGS) [G13AC00408] FX The study presented here was funded by the U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center (USGS Cooperative Agreement G13AC00408). We thank the Renaissance Computing Institute for providing the supercomputing resources that were required for the WRF simulations. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their feedback and suggested improvements to this article. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 55 IS 10 BP 2263 EP 2281 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0121.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EO9UR UT WOS:000397034100007 ER PT J AU Ivey, CD Ingersoll, CG AF Ivey, Chris D. Ingersoll, Chris G. TI Influence of bromide on the performance of the amphipod Hyalella azteca in reconstituted waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Invertebrate toxicology; Freshwater toxicology ID GENETICALLY DISTINCT; SEDIMENT TOXICITY; STRAINS AB Poor performance of the amphipod Hyalella azteca has been observed in exposures using reconstituted waters. Previous studies have reported success in H. azteca water-only exposures with the addition of relatively high concentrations of bromide. The present study evaluated the influence of lower environmentally representative concentrations of bromide on the response of H. azteca in 42-d water-only exposures. Improved performance of H. azteca was observed in reconstituted waters with >0.02mg Br/L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2425-2429. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Ivey, Chris D.; Ingersoll, Chris G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Ivey, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM civey@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2425 EP 2429 DI 10.1002/etc.3421 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DY0UD UT WOS:000384810800008 ER PT J AU Ivey, CD Ingersoll, CG Brumbaugh, WG Hammer, EJ Mount, DR Hockett, JR Norberg-King, TJ Soucek, D Taylor, L AF Ivey, Chris D. Ingersoll, Chris G. Brumbaugh, William G. Hammer, Edward J. Mount, Dave R. Hockett, J. Russell Norberg-King, Teresa J. Soucek, Dave Taylor, Lisa TI Using an interlaboratory study to revise methods for conducting 10-d to 42-d water or sediment toxicity tests with Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Methods; Sediment testing; Water-only testing; Hyalella azteca ID GENETICALLY DISTINCT; STRAINS AB Studies have been conducted to refine US Environmental Protection Agency, ASTM International, and Environment Canada standard methods for conducting 42-d reproduction tests with Hyalella azteca in water or in sediment. Modifications to the H. azteca method include better-defined ionic composition requirements for exposure water (i.e., >15mg/L of chloride and >0.02mg/L of bromide) and improved survival, growth, and reproduction with alternate diets provided as increased rations over time in water-only or whole-sediment toxicity tests. A total of 24 laboratories volunteered to participate in the present interlaboratory study evaluating the performance of H. azteca in 42-d studies in control sand or control sediment using the refined methods. Improved growth and reproduction of H. azteca was observed with 2 alternate diets of 1) ramped diatoms (Thalassiosira weissflogii)+ramped Tetramin or 2) yeast-cerophyll-trout chow (YCT)+ramped Tetramin, especially when compared with results from the traditional diet of 1.8mg YCT/d. Laboratories were able to meet proposed test acceptability criteria and in most cases had lower variation in growth or reproduction compared with previous interlaboratory studies using the traditional YCT diet. Laboratory success in conducting 42-d H. azteca exposures benefited from adherence to several key requirements of the detailed testing, culturing, and handling methods. Results from the present interlaboratory study are being used to help revise standard methods for conducting 10-d to 42-d water or sediment toxicity exposures with H. azteca. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2439-2447. (c) 2016 SETAC C1 [Ivey, Chris D.; Ingersoll, Chris G.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Hammer, Edward J.] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. [Mount, Dave R.; Hockett, J. Russell; Norberg-King, Teresa J.] US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. [Soucek, Dave] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Taylor, Lisa] Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Ivey, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM civey@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. Funding for the present study was provided in part by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. The USEPA has not formally reviewed the present study; the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the USEPA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2439 EP 2447 DI 10.1002/etc.3417 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DY0UD UT WOS:000384810800010 ER PT J AU Leonardi, N Defne, Z Ganju, NK Fagherazzi, S AF Leonardi, Nicoletta Defne, Zafer Ganju, Neil K. Fagherazzi, Sergio TI Salt marsh erosion rates and boundary features in a shallow Bay SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; COASTAL DEFENSE; ATLANTIC COAST; TIDAL MARSH; VEGETATION; ENGLAND; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; COLLAPSE AB Herein, we investigate the relationship between wind waves, salt marsh erosion rates, and the planar shape of marsh boundaries by using aerial images and the numerical model Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment-Transport Modeling System (COAWST). Using Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, as a test site, we found that salt marsh erosion rates maintain a similar trend in time. We also found a significant relationship between salt marsh erosion rates and the shape of marsh boundaries which could be used as a geomorphic indicator of the degradation level of the marsh. Slowly eroding salt marshes are irregularly shaped with fractal dimension higher than rapidly deteriorating marshes. Moreover, for low-wave energy conditions, there is a high probability of isolated and significantly larger than average failures of marsh portions causing a long-tailed distribution of localized erosion rates. Finally, we confirm the existence of a significant relationship between salt marsh erosion rate and wind waves exposure. Results suggest that variations in time in the morphology of salt marsh boundaries could be used to infer changes in frequency and magnitude of external agents. C1 [Leonardi, Nicoletta] Univ Liverpool, Dept Geog & Planning, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Leonardi, Nicoletta; Fagherazzi, Sergio] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Defne, Zafer; Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Leonardi, N (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Geog & Planning, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.; Leonardi, N (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM nicleona@liverpool.ac.uk FU Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program [GS2-2D]; NSF [DEB-0621014, OCE-1238212] FX This research was supported by the Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program (project GS2-2D) and by NSF DEB-0621014 (VCR-LTER program), OCE-1238212 (PIE-LTER program). We acknowledge the NJ Office of Information Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic Information Systems (OGIS) as the source of aerial images. The numerical model COAWST is freely available for download at http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/modeling/COAWST/. We also thank Amer Suvalic for his contribution to shoreline digitization. We thank the Editors and reviewers for their constructive and insightful comments. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 DI 10.1002/2016JF003975 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI9LS UT WOS:000392830200014 ER PT J AU Saltus, RW Stanley, RG Haeussler, PJ Jones, JV Potter, CJ Lewis, KA AF Saltus, R. W. Stanley, R. G. Haeussler, P. J. Jones, J. V., III Potter, C. J. Lewis, K. A. TI Late Oligocene to present contractional structure in and around the Susitna basin, Alaska-Geophysical evidence and geological implications SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN ALASKA; DENALI FAULT; RANGE; CONSTRAINTS; EXHUMATION; REGION; THRUST AB The Cenozoic Susitna basin lies within an enigmatic lowland surrounded by the Central Alaska Range, Western Alaska Range (including the Tordrillo Mountains), and Talkeetna Mountains in south-central Alaska. Some previous interpretations show normal faults as the defining structures of the - basin (e.g., Kirschner, 1994). However, analysis of new and existing geophysical data shows predominantly (Late Oligocene to present) thrust and reverse fault geometries in the region, as previously proposed by Hackett (1978). A key example is the Beluga Mountain fault where a 50-mGal gravity gradient, caused by the density transition from the igneous bedrock of Beluga Mountain to the > 4-km-thick Cenozoic sedimentary section of Susitna basin, spans a horizontal distance of similar to 40 km and straddles the topographic front. The location and shape of the gravity gradient preclude a normal fault geometry; instead, it is best explained by a southwest-dipping thrust fault, with its leading edge located several kilometers to the northeast of the mountain front, concealed beneath the shallow glacial and fluvial cover deposits. Similar contractional fault relationships are observed for other basin-bounding and regional faults as well. Contractional structures are consistent with a regional shortening strain field inferred from differential offsets on the Denali and Castle Mountain right-lateral strike-slip fault systems. C1 [Saltus, R. W.; Lewis, K. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stanley, R. G.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Haeussler, P. J.; Jones, J. V., III] US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Potter, C. J.] US Geol Survey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Saltus, R. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Saltus, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.; Saltus, RW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rick.saltus@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1378 EP 1390 DI 10.1130/GES01279.1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4CP UT WOS:000390991300001 ER PT J AU Shea, EK Miller, JS Miller, RB Bowring, SA Sullivan, KM AF Shea, Erin K. Miller, Jonathan S. Miller, Robert B. Bowring, Samuel A. Sullivan, Katie M. TI Growth and maturation of a mid- to shallow-crustal intrusive complex, North Cascades, Washington SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; SILICIC MAGMA CHAMBERS; TORRES-DEL-PAINE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GRANITIC MAGMA; PLUTON CONSTRUCTION; ADAMELLO BATHOLITH; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; CRYSTALLINE CORE; SPIRIT MOUNTAIN AB Studies of plutons indicate that they are the result of a complex interplay of magmatic processes occurring during magma generation, ascent, and emplacement. A critical tool for deciphering these processes is high-precision geochronology, which can help determine the timing and rates of magmatism in the crust. We conducted a field and U-Pb geochronological study of the Cretaceous Black Peak intrusive complex in the North Cascades of Washington State to investigate magmatism at a detailed scale and to refine estimates of plutonic construction rates. High-precision chemical abrasion-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) U-Pb geochronology was carried out on 31 samples from five mapped intrusive phases. Field relations in the Black Peak intrusive complex show intrusive contacts that vary from sharp to gradational. Whole-rock Sm/ Nd, zircon oxygen isotopes, and zircon trace elements were obtained on subsets of representative samples. The U-Pb geochronology from the Black Peak intrusive complex documents batholith intrusion over 4.5 m.y. and suggests that magmatism was semicontinuous for a minimum of 3.5 m.y. Individual samples display age dispersion in single-zircon dates that ranges from similar to 10(5) yr to several 10(6) yr, with a general increase in the age range for younger samples. Whole-rock epsilon(Nd) and zircon delta O-18 for all Black Peak intrusive complex samples indicate that magmas were derived from mantle and crustal sources and that all magmas were isotopically homogenized prior to zircon saturation. Ti-in-zircon temperatures from zircon cores are generally above calculated zircon saturation temperatures, which suggests that most Black Peak intrusive complex magmas were zircon undersaturated in the melt source region. A range of thicknesses was considered, and a thickness of similar to 10 km for the Black Peak intrusive complex gives an average intrusion rate of similar to 1.1 x 10(-3) km(3)/yr, which is high enough to sustain a magma reservoir in the shallow crust. The field evidence and long overall duration of intrusion are incompatible with the entire Black Peak intrusive complex being molten at any one time, but the larger, more compositionally homogeneous domains in the Black Peak intrusive complex are likely the solidified remnants of mushy magma bodies with similar to 10(5) yr durations. These data suggest that the Black Peak intrusive complex may have remained "mushy" for long periods of time (10(5) yr) and may indicate that the spread in dates within individual samples is best interpreted as either antecrystic recycling and/or protracted autocrystic growth. C1 [Shea, Erin K.; Bowring, Samuel A.] MIT, Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Shea, Erin K.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Geol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99775 USA. [Miller, Jonathan S.; Miller, Robert B.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Sullivan, Katie M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Shea, EK (reprint author), MIT, Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Shea, EK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Geol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99775 USA. EM eshea2@uaa.alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0948388, EAR-0948685, EAR-1119358] FX Careful and thoughtful reviews by Editor Shan de Silva, Associate Editor Rita Economos, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript immensely. This paper benefited from conversations with Seth Burgess, Tim Grove, Oli Jagoutz, Adam Kent, Noah McLean, Catherine Mottram, and Matt Rioux. Analytical assistance from Jahan Ramezani, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Frank Dudas, Rita Economos, Axel Schmitt, and Joe Wooden is gratefully acknowledged. Good-humored and able field assistance was provided by Christine Chan, Adam Bockelie, and Kyle Gilpin. We are grateful to the Methow Valley Ranger District and the North Cascades National Park for access. This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0948388 to Bowring, EAR-0948685 to J. Miller and R. Miller, and EAR-1119358 to R. Miller. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1489 EP 1516 DI 10.1130/GES01290.1 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4CP UT WOS:000390991300007 ER PT J AU Larson, KP Kellett, DA Cottle, JM King, J Lederer, G Rai, SM AF Larson, Kyle P. Kellett, Dawn A. Cottle, John M. King, Jess Lederer, Graham Rai, Santa Man TI Anatexis, cooling, and kinematics during orogenesis: Miocene development of the Himalayan metamorphic core, east-central Nepal SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MAIN CENTRAL THRUST; CRUSTAL CHANNEL FLOWS; LIKHU KHOLA REGION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; WESTERN NEPAL; SOUTHERN TIBET; MID-CRUST; NUMERICAL-MODELS; HINDU-KUSH; MONAZITE AB The exposed mid-crustal rocks of the Himalayan orogen provide a natural laboratory for constructing the kinematic evolution of the midcrust during a large-scale continental collision. Kinematic models provide testable, geometrically valid, internally consistent, integrated solutions for diverse geological data from deformed regions. We investigated the Tama Kosi region of east-central Nepal with structural, geochemical, and geo-chrono-logical methods to refine a detailed kinematic model for the Miocene Epoch, during which the mid-crust was pervasively deformed, translated southward, and progressively stacked via basal accretion. Geochemical and U-Pb zircon data demonstrate that two similar orthogneiss bodies were derived from different protoliths, one formed through vapor-absent melting at 1940 +/- 16 Ma and the other via vapor-present melting at 1863 +/- 14 Ma, respectively, indicating that they do not reflect structural repetition. In situ Th-Pb monazite petrochronology from the Mahabharat Range links the orogenic foreland to the exposed mid-crust of the High Himalaya via a coeval, protracted metamorphic growth-crystallization and/or recrystallization record spanning late Eocene or early Oligocene to early Miocene. Differential cooling of white mica, evidenced by Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling ages across the studied area, may outline a previously unrecognized out-of-sequence thrust, the occurrence of which is coincident with the location of a sharp break previously recognized from quartz crystallographic fabric deformation temperatures. Together with previous work, these data form the basis for a new, internally consistent kinematic model for rocks of the Tama Kosi region during the Miocene Epoch that tracks the transition from distributed ductile deformation in the mid-crust to deformation along discrete surfaces during their exhumation. C1 [Larson, Kyle P.] Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Earth & Environm Sci, FIP353-3247 Univ Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Kellett, Dawn A.] Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Cottle, John M.; Lederer, Graham] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, 1006 Webb Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [King, Jess] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Rai, Santa Man] Tribhuvan Univ, Dept Geol, Tri Chandra Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Lederer, Graham] US Geol Survey, Natl Minerals Informat Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 988, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Larson, KP (reprint author), Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Earth & Environm Sci, FIP353-3247 Univ Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. EM kyle.larson@ubc.ca OI /0000-0002-9505-9923 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation [EAR-1119380] FX This contribution was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery grant to Larson, and is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-1119380 to Cottle. Field support was provided by A. Larson, D. Larson, and J. Larson with logistical support from T. Tamang and P. Tamang. We thank N. Joyce and L. Cataldo for help with laboratory analyses at the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). This is GSC contribution #20160109. Reviews by C. Beaumont, B. Jamieson, and three anonymous referees, and conversations with F. Gervais and C. Guilmette helped improve this manuscript. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1575 EP 1593 DI 10.1130/GES01293.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4CP UT WOS:000390991300011 ER PT J AU Odum, JK Stephenson, WJ Pratt, TL Blakely, RJ AF Odum, Jack K. Stephenson, William J. Pratt, Thomas L. Blakely, Richard J. TI Shallow geophysical imaging of the Olympia anomaly: An enigmatic structure in the southern Puget Lowland, Washington State SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SEATTLE FAULT ZONE; CASCADIA FORE-ARC; SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; COAST RANGE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; UNITED-STATES; LEVEL CHANGES; SOUND; EARTHQUAKES; DEFORMATION AB Gravity and magnetic anomalies suggest that the Olympia structure beneath the southern Puget Lowland (western Washington State, U.S.) vertically displaces Eocene Crescent Formation strata. Northeast of the Olympia structure, middle Eocene Crescent Formation is beneath 4-6 km of Paleogene-Neogene and Quaternary strata of the Tacoma basin, whereas the Crescent Formation is exposed at the surface immediately to the south. Although numerous marine seismic reflection profiles have been acquired near the surface location of the Olympia structure as defined by potential field anomalies, its tectonic character remains enigmatic, in part because inlets of southern Puget Sound are too shallow for the collection of deep-penetration marine seismic profiles across the geophysical anomalies. To supplement existing shallow-marine data near the structure, we acquired 14.6 km of land-based seismic reflection data along a profile that extends from Crescent Formation exposed in the Black Hills northward across the projected surface location of the Olympia structure. The reflection seismic data image the Crescent bedrock surface to similar to 1 km depth beneath the southern Tacoma basin and reveal the dip on this surface to be no greater than similar to 10 degrees. Although regional potential field data show a strong linear trend for the Olympia structure that implies folding over a blind thrust and/or bedrock juxtaposed against a weakly to nonmagnetic sediment section, high-resolution magnetic anomaly analysis along the land-based profile suggests that the structure is more complex. Overall, seismic and potential-field profiles presented in this study identify only minor shallow faulting within the projected surface location of the Olympia structure. We suggest that the mapped trace of the Olympia structure along the northern flank of the Black Hills, at least within the study area, is constrained by juxtaposed normal and reversely magnetized Crescent Formation units and minor tectonic deformation of Crescent Formation bedrock. C1 [Odum, Jack K.; Stephenson, William J.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pratt, Thomas L.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 905, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 989, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Odum, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM odum@usgs.gov FU Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Z. Maharrey, R. Dart, C. Volpi, B. King, and M. Conley for their assistance in acquiring the Steamboat Island Road seismic reflection profile. We also thank the University of Texas NEES (George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) for providing the minivibe source and C. Hoffpauir (minivibe operator). Reviews by Brian Sherrod, Megan Anderson, and Thomas Brocher strengthened and added focus to this paper. We also benefited from many discussions with colleagues M. Polenz and T. Walsh (Washington Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources). We thank S. Magsino, who graciously contributed insight, comments, and preliminary models from her work on the southern Puget Lowland. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1617 EP 1632 DI 10.1130/GES01248.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4CP UT WOS:000390991300014 ER PT J AU Curry, MAE Barnes, JB Colgan, JP AF Curry, Magdalena A. E. Barnes, Jason B. Colgan, Joseph P. TI Testing fault growth models with low-temperature thermochronology in the northwest Basin and Range, USA SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID APATITE (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; HELIUM DIFFUSION KINETICS; FRACTURE-MECHANICS MODEL; FISSION-TRACK ANALYSIS; ACTIVE NORMAL FAULTS; PINE FOREST RANGE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; LATERAL PROPAGATION AB Common fault growth models diverge in predicting how faults accumulate displacement and lengthen through time. A paucity of field-based data documenting the lateral component of fault growth hinders our ability to test these models and fully understand how natural fault systems evolve. Here we outline a framework for using apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology (AHe) to quantify the along-strike growth of faults. To test our framework, we first use a transect in the normal fault-bounded Jackson Mountains in the Nevada Basin and Range Province, then apply the new framework to the adjacent Pine Forest Range. We combine new and existing cross sections with 18 new and 16 existing AHe cooling ages to determine the spatiotemporal variability in footwall exhumation and evaluate models for fault growth. Three age-elevation transects in the Pine Forest Range show that rapid exhumation began along the range-front fault between approximately 15 and 11 Ma at rates of 0.2-0.4 km/Myr, ultimately exhuming approximately 1.5-5 km. The ages of rapid exhumation identified at each transect lie within data uncertainty, indicating concomitant onset of faulting along strike. We show that even in the case of growth by fault-segment linkage, the fault would achieve its modern length within 3-4 Myr of onset. Comparison with the Jackson Mountains highlights the inadequacies of spatially limited sampling. A constant fault-length growth model is the best explanation for our thermochronology results. We advocate that low-temperature thermochronology can be further utilized to better understand and quantify fault growth with broader implications for seismic hazard assessments and the coevolution of faulting and topography. C1 [Curry, Magdalena A. E.; Barnes, Jason B.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Curry, Magdalena A. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Barnes, Jason B.] Landscape Analyt LLC, Seattle, WA USA. [Colgan, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Curry, MAE (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA.; Curry, MAE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM maggellis@gmail.com OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 FU UNC Department of Geological Sciences Martin Fund; John Rogers and the Rogers Fund; GSA; Sigma Xi FX M. Curry thanks the UNC Department of Geological Sciences Martin Fund, John Rogers and the Rogers Fund, GSA, and Sigma Xi for their financial support. Julia Ellis and Jim Mize provided valuable assistance in the field and James Metcalf lent crucial help in the lab with the AHe analyses. We thank Kevin Stewart, Rich Ketcham, Mike Diggles, and Scott Minor for their assistance and thoughtful comments. We also acknowledge Associate Editor Sean Long and Editor John Geissman for their work. Thoughtful reviews by Andy Nicol, Jim Faulds, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The data used in this paper are available in Tables 1 and 2, the supporting information file, and cited references. NR 126 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD OCT PY 2016 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2467 EP 2492 DI 10.1002/2016TC004211 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EE1HP UT WOS:000389332000012 ER PT J AU Stern, M Flint, L Minear, J Flint, A Wright, S AF Stern, Michelle Flint, Lorraine Minear, Justin Flint, Alan Wright, Scott TI Characterizing Changes in Streamflow and Sediment Supply in the Sacramento River Basin, California, Using Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) SO WATER LA English DT Article DE HSPF; watershed hydrology; suspended sediment; hydrologic modeling; water resources; San Francisco Bay-Delta; Sacramento River; sediment transport ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; SCENARIOS; BAY AB A daily watershed model of the Sacramento River Basin of northern California was developed to simulate streamflow and suspended sediment transport to the San Francisco Bay-Delta. To compensate for sparse data, a unique combination of model inputs was developed, including meteorological variables, potential evapotranspiration, and parameters defining hydraulic geometry. A slight decreasing trend of sediment loads and concentrations was statistically significant in the lowest 50% of flows, supporting the observed historical sediment decline. Historical changes in climate, including seasonality and decline of snowpack, contribute to changes in streamflow, and are a significant component describing the mechanisms responsible for the decline in sediment. Several wet and dry hypothetical climate change scenarios with temperature changes of 1.5 degrees C and 4.5 degrees C were applied to the base historical conditions to assess the model sensitivity of streamflow and sediment to changes in climate. Of the scenarios evaluated, sediment discharge for the Sacramento River Basin increased the most with increased storm magnitude and frequency and decreased the most with increases in air temperature, regardless of changes in precipitation. The model will be used to develop projections of potential hydrologic and sediment trends to the Bay-Delta in response to potential future climate scenarios, which will help assess the hydrological and ecological health of the Bay-Delta into the next century. C1 [Stern, Michelle; Flint, Lorraine; Flint, Alan; Wright, Scott] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Minear, Justin] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Stern, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mstern@usgs.gov; lflint@usgs.gov; jminear@usgs.gov; aflint@usgs.gov; sawright@usgs.gov OI Stern, Michelle/0000-0003-3030-7065 FU Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem (CASCaDE II) project; Delta Science Program (DSC Grant) [2040] FX This project was supported by the Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem (CASCaDE II) project. CASCaDE II is supported by a grant from the Delta Science Program (DSC Grant #2040). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Delta Science Program. This is CASCaDE publication #71. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD OCT PY 2016 VL 8 IS 10 AR 432 DI 10.3390/w8100432 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EE5PD UT WOS:000389659200017 ER PT J AU Weinstein, A Navarrete, L Ruppel, C Weber, TC Leonte, M Kellermann, MY Arrington, EC Valentine, DL Scranton, MI Kessler, JD AF Weinstein, Alexander Navarrete, Luis Ruppel, Carolyn Weber, Thomas C. Leonte, Mihai Kellermann, Matthias Y. Arrington, Eleanor C. Valentine, David L. Scranton, Mary I. Kessler, John D. TI Determining the flux of methane into Hudson Canyon at the edge of methane clathrate hydrate stability SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID BIGHT CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEA-FLOOR; ATLANTIC MARGIN; CARIACO TRENCH; GAS HYDRATE; BLACK-SEA; CIRCULATION; OXIDATION; SVALBARD; BASIN AB Methane seeps were investigated in Hudson Canyon, the largest shelf-break canyon on the northern U.S. Atlantic Margin. The seeps investigated are located at or updip of the nominal limit of methane clathrate hydrate stability. The acoustic identification of bubble streams was used to guide water column sampling in a 32 km(2) region within the canyon's thalweg. By incorporating measurements of dissolved methane concentration with methane oxidation rates and current velocity into a steady state box model, the total emission of methane to the water column in this region was estimated to be 12 kmol methane per day (range: 6-24 kmol methane per day). These analyses suggest that the emitted methane is largely retained inside the canyon walls below 300 m water depth, and that it is aerobically oxidized to near completion within the larger extent of Hudson Canyon. Based on estimated methane emissions and measured oxidation rates, the oxidation of this methane to dissolved CO2 is expected to have minimal influences on seawater pH. C1 [Weinstein, Alexander; Navarrete, Luis; Leonte, Mihai; Kessler, John D.] Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14611 USA. [Ruppel, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Weber, Thomas C.] Univ New Hampshire, Sch Marine Sci & Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kellermann, Matthias Y.; Valentine, David L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Arrington, Eleanor C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Interdept Grad Program Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Valentine, David L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Scranton, Mary I.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Kessler, JD (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14611 USA. EM john.kessler@rochester.edu OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-1318102]; Sloan foundation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FE0013999]; NSF [OCE-1352301]; DOE-USGS [DE-FE0002911, DE-FE0005806] FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation OCE-1318102 to J.D. Kessler. This work was supported in part by a fellowship in ocean sciences from the Sloan foundation to J.D. Kessler. T.C. Weber was supported by U.S. Department of Energy award DE-FE0013999 and NSF OCE-1352301. C. Ruppel was partially supported by DOE-USGS interagency agreements DE-FE0002911 and DE-FE0005806. The data presented in this work can be found in the supporting information, while all underway and CTD data sets from this expedition are freely available on the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) website found at http://www.rvdata.us/catalog/EN541 (doi: 10.7284/903242). We thank Katy Sparrow, Mengran Du, Alexandre Chepigin, Bethany Rosemore, and Arielle Green for help with at-sea sample collection, Nick Huynh for laboratory assistance, as well as the captain, crew, and Bill Fanning of the R/V Endeavor for unending enthusiasm, professionalism, and support at sea. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. A. Weinstein and L. Navarrete contributed equally to this work. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 IS 10 BP 3882 EP 3892 DI 10.1002/2016GC006421 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2QZ UT WOS:000388694600004 ER PT J AU Gaudin, D Taddeucci, J Houghton, BF Orr, TR Andronico, D Del Bello, E Kueppers, U Ricci, T Scarlato, P AF Gaudin, D. Taddeucci, J. Houghton, B. F. Orr, T. R. Andronico, D. Del Bello, E. Kueppers, U. Ricci, T. Scarlato, P. TI 3-D high-speed imaging of volcanic bomb trajectory in basaltic explosive eruptions SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE TRACKING VELOCIMETRY; 3-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS; STROMBOLI AB Imaging, in general, and high speed imaging in particular are important emerging tools for the study of explosive volcanic eruptions. However, traditional 2-D video observations cannot measure volcanic ejecta motion toward and away from the camera, strongly hindering our capability to fully determine crucial hazard-related parameters such as explosion directionality and pyroclasts' absolute velocity. In this paper, we use up to three synchronized high-speed cameras to reconstruct pyroclasts trajectories in three dimensions. Classical stereographic techniques are adapted to overcome the difficult observation conditions of active volcanic vents, including the large number of overlapping pyroclasts which may change shape in flight, variable lighting and clouding conditions, and lack of direct access to the target. In particular, we use a laser rangefinder to measure the geometry of the filming setup and manually track pyroclasts on the videos. This method reduces uncertainties to 108 in azimuth and dip angle of the pyroclasts, and down to 20% in the absolute velocity estimation. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by three examples: the development of an explosion at Stromboli, a bubble burst at Halema'uma'u lava lake, and an in-flight collision between two bombs at Stromboli. C1 [Gaudin, D.; Taddeucci, J.; Del Bello, E.; Ricci, T.; Scarlato, P.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Roma 1, Rome, Italy. [Gaudin, D.; Kueppers, U.] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen LMU, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Munich, Germany. [Houghton, B. F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Orr, T. R.] Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [Andronico, D.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, Osservatorio Etneo, Catania, Italy. RP Gaudin, D (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Roma 1, Rome, Italy.; Gaudin, D (reprint author), Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen LMU, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Munich, Germany. EM damgaudin@gmail.com RI Ricci, Tullio/E-1039-2011; Del Bello, Elisabetta/Q-9553-2016; Scarlato, Piergiorgio/G-1714-2015; OI Ricci, Tullio/0000-0002-0553-5384; Del Bello, Elisabetta/0000-0001-8043-7410; Scarlato, Piergiorgio/0000-0003-1933-0192; Gaudin, Damien/0000-0001-5888-9269 FU European Union [289976]; NSF [EAR-1145159, 1427357] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the project NEMOH, REA grant agreement 289976, NORth, and NSF grants EAR-1145159, and 1427357. The authors thank M. James, M. Jaud and M. Moroni for fruitful discussions, and M. Bombrun, H. Dietterich and an anonymous reviewer who significantly improved the quality of the paper by their constructive reviews. Supporting information are available on the G3 repository. Raw data supporting this paper are available at INGV Roma-Department of Seismology and Tectonophysics, HP-HT lab. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 IS 10 BP 4268 EP 4275 DI 10.1002/2016GC006560 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2QZ UT WOS:000388694600026 ER PT J AU Gionfriddo, CM Tate, MT Wick, RR Schultz, MB Zemla, A Thelen, MP Schofield, R Krabbenhoft, DP Holt, KE Moreau, JW AF Gionfriddo, Caitlin M. Tate, Michael T. Wick, Ryan R. Schultz, Mark B. Zemla, Adam Thelen, Michael P. Schofield, Robyn Krabbenhoft, David P. Holt, Kathryn E. Moreau, John W. TI Microbial mercury methylation in Antarctic sea ice SO Nature Microbiology LA English DT Article ID NITROSPINA-LIKE BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER; INORGANIC MERCURY; SURFACE WATERS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ARCTIC-OCEAN; SNOW; BRINE; METHYLMERCURY; METAGENOMICS AB Atmospheric deposition of mercury onto sea ice and circumpolar sea water provides mercury for microbial methylation, and contributes to the bioaccumulation of the potent neurotoxin methylmercury in the marine food web. Little is known about the abiotic and biotic controls on microbial mercury methylation in polar marine systems. However, mercury methylation is known to occur alongside photochemical and microbial mercury reduction and subsequent volatilization. Here, we combine mercury speciation measurements of total and methylated mercury with metagenomic analysis of whole-community microbial DNA from Antarctic snow, brine, sea ice and sea water to elucidate potential microbially mediated mercury methylation and volatilization pathways in polar marine environments. Our results identify the marine microaerophilic bacterium Nitrospina as a potential mercury methylator within sea ice. Anaerobic bacteria known to methylate mercury were notably absent from sea-ice metagenomes. We propose that Antarctic sea ice can harbour a microbial source of methylmercury in the Southern Ocean. C1 [Gionfriddo, Caitlin M.; Schofield, Robyn; Moreau, John W.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Tate, Michael T.; Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Wick, Ryan R.; Schultz, Mark B.; Holt, Kathryn E.] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Syst Genom, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Wick, Ryan R.; Schultz, Mark B.; Holt, Kathryn E.] Univ Melbourne, Mol Sci & Biotechnol Inst Bio21, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Zemla, Adam] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Thelen, Michael P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moreau, JW (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM jmoreau@unimelb.edu.au RI Schofield, Robyn/A-4062-2010; OI Schofield, Robyn/0000-0002-4230-717X; Gionfriddo, Caitlin/0000-0003-0745-9255; Schultz, Mark/0000-0002-7689-6531 FU Australian Antarctic Division [AAD4032]; University of Melbourne Joyce Lambert Antarctic Research Seed Funding Grant [501325] FX The authors acknowledge funding support from the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD4032, awarded to R.S., J.W.M., M.T.T. and D.P.K.) and The University of Melbourne Joyce Lambert Antarctic Research Seed Funding Grant (no. 501325, awarded to M.B.S., K.E.H. and J.W.M.). The authors thank K. Meiners for contributions to the sea ice chemistry data and shipboard logistical support as the Chief Scientist of SIPEX II; A. Klekociuk (Australian Antarctic Division, Co-Investigator on AAD4032) for shipboard logistical support; D. Lannuzel and A. Bowie (University of Tasmania) for making trace metal data available and for shipboard sampling and logistical support; K. Westwood at the Australian Antarctic Division for assistance in the biology laboratory and contributions to water chemistry data; and A. Martin, S. Ugalde, F. Chever, C. Schallenberg and J. Janssens (SIPEX II Science Party) for logistical assistance on the ice. The authors also thank J. Banfield and B. Thomas (University of California-Berkeley) for help with ggKbase. The authors thank J. Santillan and C. Gilmour (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center) for their constructive review that helped to improve this manuscript. NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2058-5276 J9 NAT MICROBIOL JI NAT. MICROBIOL PD OCT PY 2016 VL 1 IS 10 AR 16127 DI 10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.127 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ED8RS UT WOS:000389139200004 PM 27670112 ER PT J AU Bonar, SA Fife, DA Bonar, JS AF Bonar, Scott A. Fife, Deanna A. Bonar, John S. TI How Well Are You Teaching One of the Most Important Biological Concepts for Humankind? A Call to Action SO AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Sci East 104, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fife, Deanna A.] Lawrence W Cross Middle Sch, 25 W Calle Concordia, Oro Valley, AZ 85704 USA. [Fife, Deanna A.] Canyon del Oro High Sch, 25 W Calle Concordia, Oro Valley, AZ 85704 USA. [Fife, Deanna A.] Arizona Project WET, Tucson Educ Program, 350 N Campbell Dr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bonar, John S.] Mt Vernon Senior High Sch, 700 Harriett St, Mt Vernon, IN 47620 USA. [Bonar, John S.] 2001 W Rudasill Rd, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Sci East 104, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSOC BIOLOGY TEACHERS INC PI RESTON PA 12030 SUNRISE VALLEY DR, #110, RESTON, VA 20191 USA SN 0002-7685 EI 1938-4211 J9 AM BIOL TEACH JI Am. Biol. Teach. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 78 IS 8 BP 623 EP 623 DI 10.1525/abt.2016.78.8.623 PG 1 WC Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Education & Educational Research GA ED3DX UT WOS:000388730700001 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Wilson, DC Storm, T Marshall, B Hutt, CR Holland, AA AF Ringler, A. T. Wilson, D. C. Storm, T. Marshall, B. Hutt, C. R. Holland, A. A. TI Noise Reduction in Long-Period Seismograms by Way of Array Summing SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PHASE-WEIGHTED STACKING; STATIONS; QUALITY; FIELD; SIGNALS; SENSORS; STRAIN AB Long-period (> 100 s period) seismic data can often be dominated by instrumental noise as well as local site noise. When multiple collocated sensors are installed at a single site, it is possible to improve the overall station noise levels by applying stacking methods to their traces. We look at the noise reduction in long-period seismic data by applying the time-frequency phase-weighted stacking method of Schimmel and Gallart (2007) as well as the phase-weighted stacking (PWS) method of Schimmel and Paulssen (1997) to four collocated broadband sensors installed in the quiet Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory underground vault. We show that such stacking methods can improve vertical noise levels by as much as 10 dB over the mean background noise levels at 400 s period, suggesting that greater improvements could be achieved with an array involving multiple sensors. We also apply this method to reduce local incoherent noise on horizontal seismic records of the 2 March 2016 M-w 7.8 Sumatra earthquake, where the incoherent noise levels at very long periods are similar in amplitude to the earthquake signal. To maximize the coherency, we apply the PWS method to horizontal data where relative azimuths between collocated sensors are estimated and compared with a simpler linear stack with no azimuthal rotation. Such methods could help reduce noise levels at various seismic stations where multiple high-quality sensors have been deployed. Such small arrays may also provide a solution to improving long-period noise levels at Global Seismographic Network stations. C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Wilson, D. C.; Storm, T.; Hutt, C. R.; Holland, A. A.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Marshall, B.] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 106 IS 5 BP 1991 EP 1997 DI 10.1785/0120160129 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC8BN UT WOS:000388365100007 ER PT J AU Llenos, AL Michael, AJ AF Llenos, Andrea L. Michael, Andrew J. TI Characterizing Potentially Induced Earthquake Rate Changes in the Brawley Seismic Zone, Southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POINT-PROCESS MODELS; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; SALTON-SEA; OCCURRENCES; MAGNITUDE; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLETENESS; CATALOGS; SWARM AB The Brawley seismic zone (BSZ), in the Salton trough of southern California, has a history of earthquake swarms and geothermal energy exploitation. Some earthquake rate changes may have been induced by fluid extraction and injection activity at local geothermal fields, particularly at the North Brawley Geothermal Field (NBGF) and at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF). We explore this issue by examining earthquake rate changes and interevent distance distributions in these fields. In Oklahoma and Arkansas, where considerable wastewater injection occurs, increases in background seismicity rate and aftershock productivity and decreases in interevent distance were indicative of fluid-injection-induced seismicity. Here, we test if similar changes occur that may be associated with fluid injection and extraction in geothermal areas. We use stochastic epidemic-type aftershock sequence models to detect changes in the underlying seismogenic processes, shown by statistically significant changes in the model parameters. The most robust model changes in the SSGF roughly occur when large changes in net fluid production occur, but a similar correlation is not seen in the NBGF. Also, although both background seismicity rate and aftershock productivity increased for fluid-injection-induced earthquake rate changes in Oklahoma and Arkansas, the background rate increases significantly in the BSZ only, roughly corresponding with net fluid production rate increases. Moreover, in both fields the interevent spacing does not change significantly during active energy projects. This suggests that, although geothermal field activities in a tectonically active region may not significantly change the physics of earthquake interactions, earthquake rates may still be driven by fluid injection or extraction rates, particularly in the SSGF. C1 [Llenos, Andrea L.; Michael, Andrew J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Llenos, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM allenos@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 106 IS 5 BP 2045 EP 2062 DI 10.1785/0120150053 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC8BN UT WOS:000388365100012 ER PT J AU Graves, R Pitarka, A AF Graves, Robert Pitarka, Arben TI Kinematic Ground-Motion Simulations on Rough Faults Including Effects of 3D Stochastic Velocity Perturbations SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; DYNAMIC-RUPTURE MODELS; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CRUSTAL HETEROGENEITY; HORIZONTAL COMPONENTS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; RESPONSE SPECTRA; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SEISMIC-WAVES AB We describe a methodology for generating kinematic earthquake ruptures for use in 3D ground-motion simulations over the 0-5 Hz frequency band. Our approach begins by specifying a spatially random slip distribution that has a roughly wavenumber-squared fall-off. Given a hypocenter, the rupture speed is specified to average about 75%-80% of the local shear wavespeed and the prescribed slip-rate function has a Kostrov-like shape with a fault-averaged rise time that scales self-similarly with the seismic moment. Both the rupture time and rise time include significant local perturbations across the fault surface specified by spatially random fields that are partially correlated with the underlying slip distribution. We represent velocity-strengthening fault zones in the shallow (< 5 km) and deep (> 15 km) crust by decreasing rupture speed and increasing rise time in these regions. Additional refinements to this approach include the incorporation of geometric perturbations to the fault surface, 3D stochastic correlated perturbations to the P- and S-wave velocity structure, and a damage zone surrounding the shallow fault surface characterized by a 30% reduction in seismic velocity. We demonstrate the approach using a suite of simulations for a hypothetical M-w 6.45 strike-slip earthquake embedded in a generalized hard-rock velocity structure. The simulation results are compared with the median predictions from the 2014 Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project ground-motion prediction equations and show very good agreement over the frequency band 0.1-5 Hz for distances out to 25 km from the fault. Additionally, the newly added features act to reduce the coherency of the radiated higher frequency (f > 1 Hz) ground motions, and homogenize radiation-pattern effects in this same bandwidth, which move the simulations closer to the statistical characteristics of observed motions as illustrated by comparison with recordings from the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake. C1 [Graves, Robert] US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Pitarka, Arben] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Graves, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM rwgraves@usgs.gov; pitarka1@llnl.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0725070, ACI-1238993, OCI-1440085]; state of Illinois; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Constructive reviews provided by Art Frankel, Elizabeth Cochran, Steve Day, Steve Hickman, and an anonymous reviewer were very helpful in revising the article and making it acceptable for publication. Some of the large-scale computations were performed using the resources of the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Awards OCI-0725070 and ACI-1238993) and the state of Illinois. Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications. Access to these resources is also part of the "Extending the Spatiotemporal Scales of Physics-based Seismic Hazard Analysis" allocation made to the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) by the National Science Foundation (Award OCI-1440085). Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract Number DE-AC52-07NA27344. This is SCEC Contribution 6226. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 106 IS 5 BP 2136 EP 2153 DI 10.1785/0120160088 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC8BN UT WOS:000388365100018 ER PT J AU Wheeler, RL AF Wheeler, Russell L. TI Maximum Magnitude (M-max) in the Central and Eastern United States for the 2014 US Geological Survey Hazard Model SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LARGE SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; RUPTURE LENGTH; RIFTED MARGIN; FAULT ZONE; DISPLACEMENT; APPALACHIANS; SEGMENT; WIDTH AB Probabilistic seismic-hazard assessment (PSHA) requires an estimate of M-max, the moment magnitude M of the largest earthquake that could occur within a specified area. Sparse seismicity hinders M-max estimation in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) and tectonically similar regions worldwide (stable continental regions left perpendicularSCRsright perpendicular). A new global catalog of moderate-to-large SCR earthquakes is analyzed with minimal assumptions about enigmatic geologic controls on SCR M-max. An earlier observation that SCR earthquakes of M7.0 and larger occur in young (250-23 Ma) passive continental margins and associated rifts but not in cratons is not strongly supported by the new catalog. SCR earthquakes of M 7.5 and larger are slightly more numerous and reach slightly higher M in young passive margins and rifts than in cratons. However, overall histograms of M from young margins and rifts and from cratons are statistically indistinguishable. This conclusion is robust under uncertainties in M, the locations of SCR boundaries, and which of two available global SCR catalogs is used. The conclusion stems largely from recent findings that (1) large southeast Asian earthquakes once thought to be SCR were in actively deforming crust and (2) long escarpments in cratonic Australia were formed by prehistoric faulting. The 2014 seismic-hazard model of the U.S. Geological Survey represents CEUS M-max as four-point probability distributions. The distributions have weighted averages of M 7.0 in cratons and M 7.4 in passive margins and rifts. These weighted averages are consistent with M-max estimates of other SCR PSHAs of the CEUS, southeastern Canada, Australia, and India. C1 [Wheeler, Russell L.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wheeler, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 106 IS 5 BP 2154 EP 2167 DI 10.1785/0120160048 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC8BN UT WOS:000388365100019 ER PT J AU Page, MT van der Elst, N Hardebeck, J Felzer, K Michael, AJ AF Page, Morgan T. van der Elst, Nicholas Hardebeck, Jeanne Felzer, Karen Michael, Andrew J. TI Three Ingredients for Improved Global Aftershock Forecasts: Tectonic Region, Time-Dependent Catalog Incompleteness, and Intersequence Variability SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE CATALOGS; SHORT-TERM; MAGNITUDE; MODELS; CALIFORNIA AB Following a large earthquake, seismic hazard can be orders of magnitude higher than the long-term average as a result of aftershock triggering. Because of this heightened hazard, emergency managers and the public demand rapid, authoritative, and reliable aftershock forecasts. In the past, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) aftershock forecasts following large global earthquakes have been released on an ad hoc basis with inconsistent methods, and in some cases aftershock parameters adapted from California. To remedy this, the USGS is currently developing an automated aftershock product based on the Reasenberg and Jones (1989) method that will generate more accurate forecasts. To better capture spatial variations in aftershock productivity and decay, we estimate regional aftershock parameters for sequences within the Garcia et al. (2012) tectonic regions. We find that regional variations for mean aftershock productivity reach almost a factor of 10. We also develop a method to account for the time-dependent magnitude of completeness following large events in the catalog. In addition to estimating average sequence parameters within regions, we develop an inverse method to estimate the intersequence parameter variability. This allows for a more complete quantification of the forecast uncertainties and Bayesian updating of the forecast as sequence-specific information becomes available. C1 [Page, Morgan T.; van der Elst, Nicholas; Felzer, Karen] US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Hardebeck, Jeanne; Michael, Andrew J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Page, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM pagem@caltech.edu; nvanderelst@usgs.gov; jhardebeck@usgs.gov; kfelzer@usgs.gov; michael@usgs.gov OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 106 IS 5 BP 2290 EP 2301 DI 10.1785/0120160073 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC8BN UT WOS:000388365100030 ER PT J AU Nicol, S Wiederholt, R Diffendorfer, JE Mattsson, BJ Thogmartin, WE Semmens, DJ Lopez-Hoffman, L Norris, DR AF Nicol, Sam Wiederholt, Ruscena Diffendorfer, Jay E. Mattsson, Brady J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Semmens, Darius J. Lopez-Hoffman, Laura Norris, D. Ryan TI A management-oriented framework for selecting metrics used to assess habitat- and path-specific quality in spatially structured populations SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Review DE Spatially structured populations; Decision theory; Graph theory; Occupancy; Metapopulations; Perturbation analysis ID LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; OPTIMAL CONSERVATION; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; MIGRATORY ANIMALS; ANNUAL CYCLE; MODELS; PERSISTENCE; NETWORK AB Mobile species with complex spatial dynamics can be difficult to manage because their population distributions vary across space and time, and because the consequences of managing particular habitats are uncertain when evaluated at the level of the entire population. Metrics to assess the importance of habitats and pathways connecting habitats in a network are necessary to guide a variety of management decisions. Given the many metrics developed for spatially structured models, it can be challenging to select the most appropriate one for a particular decision. To guide the management of spatially structured populations, we define three classes of metrics describing habitat and pathway quality based on their data requirements (graph-based, occupancy-based, and demographic-based metrics) and Synopsize the ecological literature relating to these classes. Applying the first steps of a formal decision-making approach (problem framing, objectives, and management actions), we assess the utility of metrics for particular types of management decisions. Our framework can help managers with problem framing, choosing metrics of habitat and pathway quality, and to elucidate the data needs for a particular metric. Our goal is to help managers to narrow the range of suitable metrics for a management project, and aid in decision-making to make the best use of limited resources. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nicol, Sam] CSIRO Land & Water, EcoSci Precinct, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. [Wiederholt, Ruscena; Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wiederholt, Ruscena; Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Diffendorfer, Jay E.; Semmens, Darius J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mattsson, Brady J.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Inst Silviculture, Vienna, Austria. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Norris, D. Ryan] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Nicol, S (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, EcoSci Precinct, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. EM sam.nicol@csiro.au RI Nicol, Samuel/I-1074-2012; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Nicol, Samuel/0000-0002-1160-7444; Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis working group on Habitat for Migratory Species - National Science Foundation through NSF [DBI-1300426] FX This work was supported by the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis working group on Habitat for Migratory Species, funded by the National Science Foundation through NSF Award #DBI-1300426. We thank the members of the group for discussions regarding this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 69 BP 792 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.05.027 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED3YT UT WOS:000388785100077 ER PT J AU Gawehn, M van Dongeren, A van Rooijen, A Storlazzi, CD Cheriton, OM Reniers, A AF Gawehn, Matthijs van Dongeren, Ap van Rooijen, Arnold Storlazzi, Curt D. Cheriton, Olivia M. Reniers, Ad TI Identification and classification of very low frequency waves on a coral reef flat SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE infragravity waves; coastal flooding; resonance; coral reefs; atolls; Kwajalein Atoll ID FRINGING REEFS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-LEVEL; INFRAGRAVITY WAVE; LAGOON SYSTEM; LONG WAVES; SURF BEAT; SET-UP; TRANSFORMATION; RUNUP AB Very low frequency (VLF, 0.001-0.005 Hz) waves are important drivers of flooding of low-lying coral reef-islands. In particular, VLF wave resonance is known to drive large wave runup and subsequent overwash. Using a 5 month data set of water levels and waves collected along a cross-reef transect on Roi-Namur Island in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the observed VLF motions were categorized into four different classes: (1) resonant, (2) (nonresonant) standing, (3) progressive-growing, and (4) progressive-dissipative waves. Each VLF class is set by the reef flat water depth and, in the case of resonance, the incident-band offshore wave period. Using an improved method to identify VLF wave resonance, we find that VLF wave resonance caused prolonged (approximate to 0.5-6.0 h), large-amplitude water surface oscillations at the inner reef flat ranging in wave height from 0.14 to 0.83 m. It was induced by relatively long-period, grouped, incident-band waves, and occurred under both storm and nonstorm conditions. Moreover, observed resonant VLF waves had nonlinear, bore-like wave shapes, which likely have a larger impact on the shoreline than regular, sinusoidal waveforms. As an alternative technique to the commonly used Fast Fourier Transformation, we propose the Hilbert-Huang Transformation that is more computationally expensive but can capture the wave shape more accurately. This research demonstrates that understanding VLF waves on reef flats is important for evaluating coastal flooding hazards. C1 [Gawehn, Matthijs; van Dongeren, Ap; van Rooijen, Arnold; Reniers, Ad] Deltares, Dept Appl Morphodynam, Unit Marine & Coastal Syst, Delft, Netherlands. [Gawehn, Matthijs; Reniers, Ad] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. [van Rooijen, Arnold] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA, Australia. [van Rooijen, Arnold] Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Storlazzi, Curt D.; Cheriton, Olivia M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Gawehn, M (reprint author), Deltares, Dept Appl Morphodynam, Unit Marine & Coastal Syst, Delft, Netherlands.; Gawehn, M (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. EM Matthijs.Gawehn@deltares.nl FU U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2334]; U.S. Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center; Deltares through the Deltares Strategic Research in the "Hydro- and morphodynamics during extreme events" program [1230002] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program under Project RC-2334 ("The Impact of Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change on Department of Defense Installations on Atolls in the Pacific Ocean"), the U.S. Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, and Deltares through the Deltares Strategic Research in the "Hydro- and morphodynamics during extreme events" program (1230002). Joshua Logan, Kurt Rosenberger, and Thomas Reiss (USGS) provided invaluable field and data support. We would like to thank the U.S. Army Garrison-Kwajalein Atoll (USAG-KA) for their overarching support of this project. We are grateful to Andrew Pomeroy of the University of Western Australia for providing his cross-correlation analysis scripts. Thanks to Joachim Gawehn for suggesting the use of a Hilbert Huang Transformation. Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. The USGS data sets presented herein can be obtained by sending a written request to the corresponding author. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 7560 EP 7574 DI 10.1002/2016JC011834 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ED1JS UT WOS:000388602200019 ER PT J AU Han, L Hole, JA Stock, JM Fuis, GS Kell, A Driscoll, NW Kent, GM Harding, AJ Rymer, MJ Gonzalez-Fernandez, A Lazaro-Mancilla, O AF Han, Liang Hole, John A. Stock, Joann M. Fuis, Gary S. Kell, Annie Driscoll, Neal W. Kent, Graham M. Harding, Alistair J. Rymer, Michael J. Gonzalez-Fernandez, Antonio Lazaro-Mancilla, Octavio TI Continental rupture and the creation of new crust in the Salton Trough rift, Southern California and northern Mexico: Results from the Salton Seismic Imaging Project SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; IMPERIAL-VALLEY REGION; AMERICA PLATE MOTION; COLORADO RIVER DELTA; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; VELOCITY MODEL; TRAVEL-TIME; ALTAR BASIN; SEA; MAGMATISM AB A refraction and wide-angle reflection seismic profile along the axis of the Salton Trough, California and Mexico, was analyzed to constrain crustal and upper mantle seismic velocity structure during active continental rifting. From the northern Salton Sea to the southern Imperial Valley, the crust is 17-18 km thick and approximately one-dimensional. The transition at depth from Colorado River sediment to underlying crystalline rock is gradual and is not a depositional surface. The crystalline rock from similar to 3 to similar to 8 km depth is interpreted as sediment metamorphosed by high heat flow. Deeper felsic crystalline rock could be stretched preexisting crust or higher-grade metamorphosed sediment. The lower crust below similar to 12 km depth is interpreted to be gabbro emplaced by rift-related magmatic intrusion by underplating. Low upper mantle velocity indicates high temperature and partial melting. Under the Coachella Valley, sediment thins to the north and the underlying crystalline rock is interpreted as granitic basement. Mafic rock does not exist at 12-18 km depth as it does to the south, and a weak reflection suggests Moho at similar to 28 km depth. Structure in adjacent Mexico has slower midcrustal velocity, and rocks with mantle velocity must be much deeper than in the Imperial Valley. Slower velocity and thicker crust in the Coachella and Mexicali valleys define the rift zone between them to be >100 km wide in the direction of plate motion. North American lithosphere in the central Salton Trough has been rifted apart and is being replaced by new crust created by magmatism, sedimentation, and metamorphism. C1 [Han, Liang; Hole, John A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Stock, Joann M.] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fuis, Gary S.; Rymer, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kell, Annie; Kent, Graham M.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Driscoll, Neal W.; Harding, Alistair J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gonzalez-Fernandez, Antonio] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Geol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Lazaro-Mancilla, Octavio] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Ingn, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. RP Han, L (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lianghan@vt.edu OI Gonzalez Fernandez, Antonio/0000-0002-0910-8240; Hole, John/0000-0002-5349-9111 FU NSF [0742263, 0742253, 0927446, EAR-1033462]; U.S. Geological Survey; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) [6244]; USGS [G12AC20038] FX This research was supported by NSF MARGINS and EarthScope grants 0742263 to J.A.H. and 0742253 to J.M.S., by NSF Marine Geology and Geophysics grant 0927446 to N.W.D. and G.M.K., by the U.S. Geological Survey's Multihazards Research Program, and by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) (contribution 6244). SCEC is funded by NSF cooperative agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS cooperative agreement G12AC20038. We thank the >90 field volunteers and USGS personnel who made data acquisition possible. Numerous landowners allowed access for shots and stations and are acknowledged in Rose et al. [2013]. Seismographs and technical support were provided by the IRIS-PASSCAL instrument facility; special thanks go to Mouse Reusch and Patrick Bastien from PASSCAL for their field and data efforts. We also thank the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive reviews. The data have been archived at the IRIS DMC (ds.iris.edu/pic-ph5/metadata/SSIP/form.php). NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 7469 EP 7489 DI 10.1002/2016JB013139 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC9CQ UT WOS:000388441800028 ER PT J AU Beatty, WS Jay, CV Fischbach, AS AF Beatty, William S. Jay, Chadwick V. Fischbach, Anthony S. TI An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with the Pacific walrus SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE animal movement; biologging; kernel overlap; Odobenus rosmarus; radiotelemetry; space use; state-space model; utilization distributions ID AREA-RESTRICTED SEARCH; INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL MOVEMENT; HABITAT SELECTION; RANDOM-WALKS; TELEMETRY ERROR; CHUKCHI SEAS; FINE-SCALE; GPS; RANGE; ACCURACY AB State-space models offer researchers an objective approach to modeling complex animal location data sets, and state-space model behavior classifications are often assumed to have a link to animal behavior. In this study, we evaluated the behavioral classification accuracy of a Bayesian state-space model in Pacific walruses using Argos satellite tags with sensors to detect animal behavior in real time. We fit a two-state discrete-time continuous-space Bayesian state-space model to data from 306 Pacific walruses tagged in the Chukchi Sea. We matched predicted locations and behaviors from the state-space model (resident, transient behavior) to true animal behavior (foraging, swimming, hauled out) and evaluated classification accuracy with kappa statistics (kappa) and root mean square error (RMSE). In addition, we compared biased random bridge utilization distributions generated with resident behavior locations to true foraging behavior locations to evaluate differences in space use patterns. Results indicated that the two-state model fairly classified true animal behavior (0.06 <= kappa <= 0.26, 0.49 <= RMSE <= 0.59). Kernel overlap metrics indicated utilization distributions generated with resident behavior locations were generally smaller than utilization distributions generated with true foraging behavior locations. Consequently, we encourage researchers to carefully examine parameters and priors associated with behaviors in state-space models, and reconcile these parameters with the study species and its expected behaviors. C1 [Beatty, William S.; Jay, Chadwick V.; Fischbach, Anthony S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Beatty, WS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM wbeatty@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative FX Walrus tagging protocols were approved by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Animal Care and Use Committee under a federal permit (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service permits Nos. MA801652-4, MA801652-5, MA801652-6). Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative. We thank R. Taylor and M. Udevitz for assistance with Bayesian state-space models and model script. We thank three anonymous reviewers who provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We also thank Jeff Falgout for assistance with computing resources. This research used resources of the Core Science Analytics and Synthesis Applied Research Computing program at the U.S. Geological Survey. State-space model and behavior data are available from the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center (http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F77M060G). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the U.S. federal government. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1299 EP 1318 DI 10.1111/mms.12332 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA ED1UW UT WOS:000388631400007 ER PT J AU Masbruch, MD Rumsey, CA Gangopadhyay, S Susong, DD Pruitt, T AF Masbruch, Melissa D. Rumsey, Christine A. Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu Susong, David D. Pruitt, Tom TI Analyses of infrequent (quasi-decadal) large groundwater recharge events in the northern Great Basin: Their importance for groundwater availability, use, and management SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; groundwater storage; climate; multivariate analysis; groundwater modeling ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; HYDROLOGIC TIME-SERIES; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; SALT-LAKE; EPISODIC RECHARGE; DOMAIN APPROACH; MOUNTAIN-FRONT; WATER; PRECIPITATION AB There has been a considerable amount of research linking climatic variability to hydrologic responses in the western United States. Although much effort has been spent to assess and predict changes in surface water resources, little has been done to understand how climatic events and changes affect groundwater resources. This study focuses on characterizing and quantifying the effects of large, multiyear, quasi-decadal groundwater recharge events in the northern Utah portion of the Great Basin for the period 1960-2013. Annual groundwater level data were analyzed with climatic data to characterize climatic conditions and frequency of these large recharge events. Using observed water-level changes and multivariate analysis, five large groundwater recharge events were identified with a frequency of about 11-13 years. These events were generally characterized as having above-average annual precipitation and snow water equivalent and below-average seasonal temperatures, especially during the spring (April through June). Existing groundwater flow models for several basins within the study area were used to quantify changes in groundwater storage from these events. Simulated groundwater storage increases per basin from a single recharge event ranged from about 115 to 205 Mm(3). Extrapolating these amounts over the entire northern Great Basin indicates that a single large quasi-decadal recharge event could result in billions of cubic meters of groundwater storage. Understanding the role of these large quasi-decadal recharge events in replenishing aquifers and sustaining water supplies is crucial for long-term groundwater management. C1 [Masbruch, Melissa D.; Rumsey, Christine A.; Susong, David D.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu; Pruitt, Tom] US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Masbruch, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM mmasbruch@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation, Science and Technology Program [R14PG00026] FX Funding for this project was provided by Bureau of Reclamation, Science and Technology Program under Interagency Agreement Number R14PG00026. Groundwater level data used in this study were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System database available at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis (accessed on 10 January 2014). Specific site information for the wells from which the water level data were measured is given in the Supporting Information (Table S1). Monthly precipitation and temperature records were obtained from the Western Regional Climate Center available at http://www.wrcc.dri.edu (accessed on 15 December 2014). Annual snow water equivalent data were obtained from snow course data provided by the Natural Resources Conservation Service available at http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snow (accessed on 28 April 2015). Specific site information from which the climatological data were used for the Western Regional Climate Center meteorological stations and the Natural Resources Conservation Service SNOTEL stations are given in the Supporting Information (Table S2). The manuscript benefited and was significantly improved by a review by Mike Dettinger. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 10 BP 7819 EP 7836 DI 10.1002/2016WR019060 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EC9VW UT WOS:000388493400017 ER PT J AU Schook, DM Friedman, JM Rathburn, SL AF Schook, Derek M. Friedman, Jonathan M. Rathburn, Sara L. TI Flow reconstructions in the Upper Missouri River Basin using riparian tree rings SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cottonwood; dendrochronology; drought; riparian trees; flow reconstruction; Missouri River Basin; Regional Curve Standardization; Yellowstone River ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; STREAMFLOW RECONSTRUCTIONS; CRUST SOFTWARE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; TIME-SERIES; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT; GROWTH AB River flow reconstructions are typically developed using tree rings from montane conifers that cannot reflect flow regulation or hydrologic inputs from the lower portions of a watershed. Incorporating lowland riparian trees may improve the accuracy of flow reconstructions when these trees are physically linked to the alluvial water table. We used riparian plains cottonwoods (Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera) to reconstruct discharge for three neighboring rivers in the Upper Missouri River Basin: the Yellowstone (n=389 tree cores), Powder (n=408), and Little Missouri Rivers (n=643). We used the Regional Curve Standardization approach to reconstruct log-transformed discharge over the 4 months in early summer that most highly correlated to tree ring growth. The reconstructions explained at least 57% of the variance in historical discharge and extended back to 1742, 1729, and 1643. These are the first flow reconstructions for the Lower Yellowstone and Powder Rivers, and they are the furthest downstream among Rocky Mountain rivers in the Missouri River Basin. Although mostly free-flowing, the Yellowstone and Powder Rivers experienced a shift from early-summer to late-summer flows within the last century. This shift is concurrent with increasing irrigation and reservoir storage, and it corresponds to decreased cottonwood growth. Low-frequency flow patterns revealed wet conditions from 1870 to 1980, a period that includes the majority of the historical record. The 1816-1823 and 1861-1865 droughts were more severe than any recorded, revealing that drought risks are underestimated when using the instrumental record alone. C1 [Schook, Derek M.; Rathburn, Sara L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Friedman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Schook, DM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM derek.schook@colostate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; Colorado Scientific Society; Colorado State University Department of Geosciences; National Science Foundation IGERT grant "I-WATER: Integrated Water, Atmosphere, Ecosystem Education and Research Program" at Colorado State University [DGE-0966364] FX This paper benefited from comments on an earlier draft and conversations with Greg Pederson, Ellie Griffin, and Dave Meko. John Moody and Bob Meade facilitated Powder River research. Marshall Wolf, Brendan Elba, and Fisher Ankney assisted in the field and laboratory. Research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Scientific Society, Colorado State University Department of Geosciences, and National Science Foundation IGERT grant DGE-0966364 "I-WATER: Integrated Water, Atmosphere, Ecosystem Education and Research Program" at Colorado State University. The data used are listed in the tables, supplements, and at the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/data-sets/tr ee-ring). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 10 BP 8159 EP 8173 DI 10.1002/2016WR018845 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EC9VW UT WOS:000388493400035 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Boyer, EW McKnight, DM Brown, MG Gabor, RS Hunsaker, CT Iavorivska, L Inamdar, S Johnson, DW Kaplan, LA Lin, H McDowell, WH Perdrial, JN AF Miller, Matthew P. Boyer, Elizabeth W. McKnight, Diane M. Brown, Michael G. Gabor, Rachel S. Hunsaker, Carolyn T. Iavorivska, Lidiia Inamdar, Shreeram Johnson, Dale W. Kaplan, Louis A. Lin, Henry McDowell, William H. Perdrial, Julia N. TI Variation of organic matter quantity and quality in streams at Critical Zone Observatory watersheds SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DOM; critical zone; atmospheric deposition; fluorescence ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ACID DEPOSITION; CARBON-CYCLE; FULVIC-ACIDS; SOILS; CATCHMENT; LAKES; BIODEGRADABILITY AB The quantity and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters influence ecosystem processes and anthropogenic use of freshwater. However, despite the importance of understanding spatial and temporal patterns in DOM, measures of DOM quality are not routinely included as part of large-scale ecosystem monitoring programs and variations in analytical procedures can introduce artifacts. In this study, we used consistent sampling and analytical methods to meet the objective of defining variability in DOM quantity and quality and other measures of water quality in streamflow issuing from small forested watersheds located within five Critical Zone Observatory sites representing contrasting environmental conditions. Results show distinct separations among sites as a function of water quality constituents. Relationships among rates of atmospheric deposition, water quality conditions, and stream DOM quantity and quality are consistent with the notion that areas with relatively high rates of atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition and high concentrations of divalent cations result in selective transport of DOM derived from microbial sources, including in-stream microbial phototrophs. We suggest that the critical zone as a whole strongly influences the origin, composition, and fate of DOM in streams. This study highlights the value of consistent DOM characterization methods included as part of long-term monitoring programs for improving our understanding of interactions among ecosystem processes as controls on DOM biogeochemistry. C1 [Miller, Matthew P.; Boyer, Elizabeth W.; Brown, Michael G.; Iavorivska, Lidiia; Lin, Henry] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [McKnight, Diane M.; Gabor, Rachel S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hunsaker, Carolyn T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Fresno, CA USA. [Inamdar, Shreeram] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Johnson, Dale W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kaplan, Louis A.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA USA. [McDowell, William H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Perdrial, Julia N.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM mamiller@usgs.gov RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011; OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Iavorivska, Lidiia/0000-0002-6224-6271; Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU National Science Foundation [Southern Sierra: EAR-0725097, Boulder: EAR-0724960, Shale Hills: EAR-0725019, EAR12-39285, EAR-1331726, Christina River EAR-0724971, EAR-0809205, Luquillo: EAR-0722476, EAR-1331841] FX We thank Eric Parrish, Matt Meadows, Shatrughan Singh, John Bithorn, Jeff Grimm, and Tim White for technical assistance. Helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript were provided by Douglas Burns and three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (Southern Sierra: EAR-0725097; Boulder: EAR-0724960; Shale Hills: EAR-0725019, EAR12-39285, EAR-1331726; Christina River EAR-0724971, EAR-0809205; Luquillo: EAR-0722476, EAR-1331841). All data from this paper are included here as Supporting Information. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 10 BP 8202 EP 8216 DI 10.1002/2016WR018970 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EC9VW UT WOS:000388493400038 ER PT J AU DeLong, SB Donnellan, A Ponti, DJ Rubin, RS Lienkaemper, JJ Prentice, CS Dawson, TE Seitz, G Schwartz, DP Hudnut, KW Rosa, C Pickering, A Parker, JW AF DeLong, Stephen B. Donnellan, Andrea Ponti, Daniel J. Rubin, Ron S. Lienkaemper, James J. Prentice, Carol S. Dawson, Timothy E. Seitz, Gordon Schwartz, David P. Hudnut, Kenneth W. Rosa, Carla Pickering, Alexandra Parker, Jay W. TI Tearing the terroir: Details and implications of surface rupture and deformation from the 24 August 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake, California SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE earthquake; tectonics; surface rupture; deformation; UAVSAR ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; FAULTS; SLIP AB The M(w)6.0 South Napa earthquake of 24 August 2014 caused slip on several active fault strands within the West Napa Fault Zone (WNFZ). Field mapping identified 12.5km of surface rupture. These field observations, near-field geodesy and space geodesy, together provide evidence for more than similar to 30km of surface deformation with a relatively complex distribution across a number of subparallel lineaments. Along a similar to 7km section north of the epicenter, the surface rupture is confined to a single trace that cuts alluvial deposits, reoccupying a low-slope scarp. The rupture continued northward onto at least four other traces through subparallel ridges and valleys. Postseismic slip exceeded coseismic slip along much of the southern part of the main rupture trace with total slip 1year postevent approaching 0.5m at locations where only a few centimeters were measured the day of the earthquake. Analysis of airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar data provides slip distributions along fault traces, indicates connectivity and extent of secondary traces, and confirms that postseismic slip only occurred on the main trace of the fault, perhaps indicating secondary structures ruptured as coseismic triggered slip. Previous mapping identified the WNFZ as a zone of distributed faulting, and this was generally borne out by the complex 2014 rupture pattern. Implications for hazard analysis in similar settings include the need to consider the possibility of complex surface rupture in areas of complex topography, especially where multiple potentially Quaternary-active fault strands can be mapped. C1 [DeLong, Stephen B.; Ponti, Daniel J.; Lienkaemper, James J.; Prentice, Carol S.; Schwartz, David P.; Rosa, Carla; Pickering, Alexandra] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Donnellan, Andrea; Parker, Jay W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rubin, Ron S.; Dawson, Timothy E.; Seitz, Gordon] Calif Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP DeLong, SB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sdelong@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2333-5084 J9 EARTH SPACE SCI JI Earth Space Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 3 IS 10 BP 416 EP 430 DI 10.1002/2016EA000176 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EC0LZ UT WOS:000387793900002 ER PT J AU DeBoer, JA Pope, KL AF DeBoer, Jason A. Pope, Kevin L. TI Factors influencing recruitment of walleye and white bass to three distinct early ontogenetic stages SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE life history; ontogeny; Sander vitreus; Morone chrysops; irrigation reservoir ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; GREAT-PLAINS RESERVOIR; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; AGE-0 GIZZARD SHAD; SOUTH-DAKOTA; PREY AVAILABILITY; CLASS STRENGTH; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Determining the factors that influence recruitment to sequential ontogenetic stages is critical for understanding recruitment dynamics of fish and for effective management of sportfish, particularly in dynamic and unpredictable environments. We sampled walleye (Sander vitreus) and white bass (Morone chrysops) at 3 ontogenetic stages (age 0 during spring: 'age-0 larval'; age 0 during autumn: 'age-0 juvenile'; and age 1 during autumn: 'age-1 juvenile') from 3 reservoirs. We developed multiple linear regression models to describe factors influencing age-0 larval, age-0 juvenile and age-1 juvenile walleye and white bass abundance indices. Our models explained 40-80% (68 +/- 9%; mean +/- SE) and 71%-97% (81 +/- 6%) of the variability in catch for walleye and white bass respectively. For walleye, gizzard shad were present in the candidate model sets for all three ontogenetic stages we assessed. For white bass, there was no unifying variable in all three stage-specific candidate model sets, although walleye abundance was present in two of the three white bass candidate model sets. We were able to determine several factors affecting walleye and white bass year-class strength at multiple ontogenetic stages; comprehensive analyses of factors influencing recruitment to multiple early ontogenetic stages are seemingly rare in the literature. Our models demonstrate the interdependency among early ontogenetic stages and the complexities involved with sportfish recruitment. C1 [DeBoer, Jason A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 424 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP DeBoer, JA (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, 704 N Schrader Ave, Havana, IL 62644 USA. EM jadeboer@illinois.edu FU Federal Aid in Sport Fisheries Researchtoration [F-174-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Robert Kill, Ryan Lueckenhoff, Dustin Martin, Chris Lewis and many others for assistance with field sampling, Caleb Huber, Brad Newcomb, Brad Eifert and Keith Hurley for providing gillnet data and Tricia Quon, Zach Shafer, Taylor Dixon, Hannah Hummel and many others for processing samples in the laboratory. We also thank Mark Pegg, Keith Koupal, Rick Holland, Megan Thul and several anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fisheries Researchtoration project F-174-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. This study was performed under the auspices of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol # 07-03-013E). NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD OCT PY 2016 VL 25 IS 4 BP 504 EP 517 DI 10.1111/eff.12229 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC7HH UT WOS:000388307300001 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG Balch, WM Aiken, GR Sheffield, J Luo, LF Roesler, CS Camill, P AF Huntington, Thomas G. Balch, William M. Aiken, George R. Sheffield, Justin Luo, Lifeng Roesler, Collin S. Camill, Philip TI Climate change and dissolved organic carbon export to the Gulf of Maine SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic carbon; carbon cycling; climate impacts on water quality; Gulf of Maine ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NORTHEASTERN US; NEW-ENGLAND; DOC FLUX; RIVERS; TERRESTRIAL; PRECIPITATION AB Ongoing climate change is affecting the concentration, export (flux), and timing of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exported to the Gulf of Maine (GoM) through changes in hydrologic regime. DOC export was calculated for water years 1950 through 2013 for 20 rivers and for water years 1930 through 2013 for 14 rivers draining to the GoM. DOC export was also estimated for the 21st century based on climate and hydrologic modeling in a previously published study. DOC export was calculated by using the regression model LOADEST to fit seasonally adjusted concentration discharge (C-Q) relations. Our results are an analysis of the sensitivity of DOC export to changes in hydrologic conditions over time since land cover and vegetation were held constant over time. Despite large interannual variability, all rivers had increasing DOC export during winter and these trends were significant (p<0.05) in 10 out of 20 rivers for 1950 to 2013 and in 13 out of 14 rivers for 1930 to 2013. All rivers also had increasing annual export of DOC although fewer trends were statistically significant than for winter export. Projections for DOC export during the 21st century were variable depending on the climate model and greenhouse gas emission scenario that affected future river discharge through effects on precipitation and evapotranspiration. The most consistent result was a significant increase in DOC export in winter in all model-by-emission scenarios. DOC export was projected to decrease during the summer in all model-by-emission scenarios, with statistically significant decreases in half of the scenarios. C1 [Huntington, Thomas G.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Balch, William M.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Luo, Lifeng] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI USA. [Roesler, Collin S.; Camill, Philip] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Earth & Oceanog Sci, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov FU NASA [NNYH04AA661, NNH08A1571, NNX11AQ70G, NNX14AM77G]; U.S. Geological Survey FX The historical hydrologic data used in this study are available from the U.S. Geological Survey NWIS database (10.5066/F7P55KJN). The 21st century hydrologic data are available from the corresponding author. The DOC data collected by the USGS are available from the U.S. Geological Survey NWIS database (10.5066/F7P55KJN), and the data collected by Bowdoin College are available from the NASA SeaBass archive (http://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/seabasscgi/archive.cgi?q=BOWDOIN/camill/3r ivers/archive). This work was supported by NASA grants NNYH04AA661 and NNH08A1571 and the U.S. Geological Survey funds for climate research. W.M.B. was supported by NASA grants NNX11AQ70G and NNX14AM77G. We thank hydrologic technicians with the USGS Water Science Center in Augusta, Maine, for their support in the maintenance of discharge records and their assistance with sampling, and we thank Kenna Butler, chemist with the USGS, for her assistance with chemical analysis and database management. We also thank Anna Bourakovsky and students of Bowdoin College for the sampling and analysis of water samples from several of the rivers included in this study. We thank Robert Runkel (USGS, Boulder, CO) and Timothy Cohn (USGS, Reston, VA) for the assistance with the application of the LOADEST model. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 2700 EP 2716 DI 10.1002/2015JG003314 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EC0FV UT WOS:000387774900013 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JA Aiken, GR Butler, KD Guillemette, F Podgorski, DC Spencer, RGM AF O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Aiken, George R. Butler, Kenna D. Guillemette, Francois Podgorski, David C. Spencer, Robert G. M. TI DOM composition and transformation in boreal forest soils: The effects of temperature and organic-horizon decomposition state SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter; boreal; Alaska; carbon cycle; soil organic matter; FT-ICR MS ID BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEM; RESOLUTION MASS DATA; INTERIOR ALASKA; PERMAFROST THAW; CARBON BALANCE; MOLECULAR SIGNATURES; MATTER FLUORESCENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; YUKON RIVER; BIODEGRADABILITY AB The boreal region stores large amounts of organic carbon (C) in organic-soil horizons, which are vulnerable to destabilization via warming and disturbance. Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) contributes to the production and turnover of dissolved organic matter (DOM). While temperature is a primary control on rates of SOM and DOM cycling, little is known about temperature effects on DOM composition in soil leachate. Here we conducted a 30day incubation to examine the effects of temperature (20 versus 5 degrees C) and SOM decomposition state (moss versus fibric versus amorphous horizons) on DOM composition in organic soils of interior Alaska. We characterized DOM using bulk dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration, chemical fractionation, optical properties, and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. We observed an increase in DOC concentration and DOM aromaticity in the 20 degrees C treatment compared to the 5 degrees C treatment. Leachate from fibric horizons had higher DOC concentration than shallow moss or deep amorphous horizons. We also observed chemical shifts in DOM leachate over time, including increases in hydrophobic organic acids, polyphenols, and condensed aromatics and decreases in low-molecular weight hydrophilic compounds and aliphatics. We compared ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and optical data and observed strong correlations between polyphenols, condensed aromatics, SUVA(254), and humic-like fluorescence intensities. These findings suggest that biolabile DOM was preferentially mineralized, and the magnitude of this transformation was determined by kinetics (i.e., temperature) and substrate quality (i.e., soil horizon). With future warming, our findings indicate that organic soils may release higher concentrations of aromatic DOM to aquatic ecosystems. C1 [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Guillemette, Francois; Spencer, Robert G. M.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab Geochem Grp, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Guillemette, Francois; Spencer, Robert G. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Podgorski, David C.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Future Fuels Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP O'Donnell, JA (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.; O'Donnell, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM jaodonnell@nps.gov FU National Research Program; Climate Effects Network of the Water, Climate, and Land Use Change mission areas of the U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; Fonds Quebecois de Recherche Nature et Technologies (FQRNT) FX The authors would like to thank Richard Smith and Deb Repert for providing analytical support in the laboratory, Kim Wickland for providing access to cold-temperature incubators, and Brett Poulin for assistance with data management. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and Phoebe Zito for providing valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. All data not reported in tables of the primary manuscript and supporting information can be requested by contacting J. O'Donnell (e-mail: jaodonnell@nps.gov). The National Research Program and the Climate Effects Network of the Water, Climate, and Land Use Change mission areas of the U.S. Geological Survey provided funding for this research. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by National Science Foundation DMR-1157490 and the State of Florida. F. Guillemette was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Fonds Quebecois de Recherche Nature et Technologies (FQRNT). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 2727 EP 2744 DI 10.1002/2016JG003431 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EC0FV UT WOS:000387774900015 ER PT J AU McCubbin, FM Boyce, JW Novak-Szabo, T Santos, AR Tartese, R Muttik, N Domokos, G Vazquez, J Keller, LP Moser, DE Jerolmack, DJ Shearer, CK Steele, A Elardo, SM Rahman, Z Anand, M Delhaye, T Agee, CB AF McCubbin, Francis M. Boyce, Jeremy W. Novak-Szabo, Timea Santos, Alison R. Tartese, Romain Muttik, Nele Domokos, Gabor Vazquez, Jorge Keller, Lindsay P. Moser, Desmond E. Jerolmack, Douglas J. Shearer, Charles K. Steele, Andrew Elardo, Stephen M. Rahman, Zia Anand, Mahesh Delhaye, Thomas Agee, Carl B. TI Geologic history of Martian regolith breccia Northwest Africa 7034: Evidence for hydrothermal activity and lithologic diversity in the Martian crust SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE apatite; zircon; clast; Mars; sedimentary; transport ID IN-SITU EVIDENCE; GUSEV CRATER; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SPIRIT ROVER; UPPER-MANTLE; EARLY MARS; SHERGOTTITE YAMATO-980459; CHASSIGNY METEORITE; PETROGENETIC MODEL; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY AB The timing and mode of deposition for Martian regolith breccia Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 were determined by combining petrography, shape analysis, and thermochronology. NWA 7034 is composed of igneous, impact, and brecciated clasts within a thermally annealed submicron matrix of pulverized crustal rocks and devitrified impact/volcanic glass. The brecciated clasts are likely lithified portions of Martian regolith with some evidence of past hydrothermal activity. Represented lithologies are primarily ancient crustal materials with crystallization ages as old as 4.4Ga. One ancient zircon was hosted by an alkali-rich basalt clast, confirming that alkalic volcanism occurred on Mars very early. NWA 7034 is composed of fragmented particles that do not exhibit evidence of having undergone bed load transport by wind or water. The clast size distribution is similar to terrestrial pyroclastic deposits. We infer that the clasts were deposited by atmospheric rainout subsequent to a pyroclastic eruption(s) and/or impact event(s), although the ancient ages of igneous components favor mobilization by impact(s). Despite ancient components, the breccia has undergone a single pervasive thermal event at 500-800 degrees C, evident by groundmass texture and concordance of similar to 1.5Ga dates for bulk rock K-Ar, U-Pb in apatite, and U-Pb in metamict zircons. The 1.5Ga age is likely a thermal event that coincides with rainout/breccia lithification. We infer that the episodic process of regolith lithification dominated sedimentary processes during the Amazonian Epoch. The absence of pre-Amazonian high-temperature metamorphic events recorded in ancient zircons indicates source domains of static southern highland crust punctuated by episodic impact modification. C1 [McCubbin, Francis M.; Keller, Lindsay P.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [McCubbin, Francis M.; Boyce, Jeremy W.; Santos, Alison R.; Muttik, Nele; Shearer, Charles K.; Agee, Carl B.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Boyce, Jeremy W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Novak-Szabo, Timea; Domokos, Gabor] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Mech Mat & Struct, Budapest, Hungary. [Novak-Szabo, Timea; Jerolmack, Douglas J.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Tartese, Romain] UPMC, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Inst Mineral Phys Mat & Cosmochim, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS, Paris, France. [Tartese, Romain] IRD, Paris, France. [Tartese, Romain; Anand, Mahesh] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Vazquez, Jorge] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Vazquez, Jorge] Stanford Univ, Stanford USGS Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Moser, Desmond E.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada. [Steele, Andrew; Elardo, Stephen M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rahman, Zia] Jacobs NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Sci Dept, Houston, TX USA. [Anand, Mahesh] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Earth Sci, London, England. [Delhaye, Thomas] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, OSUR, Plateforme NanoSIMS,UMR 6118, Rennes, France. RP McCubbin, FM (reprint author), NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.; McCubbin, FM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM francis.m.mccubbin@nasa.gov RI Elardo, Stephen/E-5865-2010; OI Tartese, Romain/0000-0002-3490-9875 FU NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program [NNX13AK44G]; NASA Early Career Fellowship [NNX13AG40G]; NASA Cosmochemistry Program [NNX13AH85G, NNX14AI23G]; Hungarian NKFIH [119245]; Imre Koranyi Fellowship; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/I001298/1]; NSERC FX All of the data used in this study can be found within the contents of this manuscript or within the supporting information, which contain Figures S1-S15 and Tables S1-S8. We acknowledge the curatorial staff at the Institute of Meteoritics for allowing the use of thin sections of NWA 7034 during this study. We would also like to thank Seth Burgess, Arya Udry, and Axel Wittman for their constructive reviews that helped to improve the quality and clarity of the manuscript. We also want to thank Justin Filiberto for the editorial handling of the manuscript. We also acknowledge the efforts of two anonymous reviewers that provided important feedback on a prior verssion of this manuscript. This work was supported by the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program grant NNX13AK44G awarded to F.M.M. J.W.B. acknowledges support from a NASA Early Career Fellowship (NNX13AG40G). C.K.S., A.S., and C.B.A. acknowledge support from the NASA Cosmochemistry Program (NNX13AH85G to C.K.S. and NNX14AI23G to C.B.A.). G.D. and T.N.S. acknowledge Hungarian NKFIH grant 119245 and T.N.S. also acknowledges support by the Imre Koranyi Fellowship. R.T. and M.A. acknowledge financial support from a UK Science and Technology Facilities Council research grant (#ST/I001298/1) to M.A.. NSERC Discovery Grant funding to D.E.M. is gratefully acknowledged. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 156 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT PY 2016 VL 121 IS 10 BP 2120 EP 2149 DI 10.1002/2016JE005143 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC0MS UT WOS:000387795800015 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD Dunne, KA AF Milly, P. C. D. Dunne, K. A. TI Potential evapotranspiration and continental drying SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL ARIDITY; GLOBAL DROUGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODELS; LAND AB By various measures (drought area(1) and intensity(2), climatic aridity index(3), and climatic water deficits(4)), some observational analyses have suggested that much of the Earth's land has been drying during recent decades, but such drying seems inconsistent with observations of dryland greening and decreasing pan evaporation(5). 'Offline' analyses of climate-model outputs from anthropogenic climate change (ACC) experiments portend continuation of putative drying through the twenty-first century(3,6-10), despite an expected increase in global land precipitation(9). A ubiquitous increase in estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET), driven by atmospheric warming(11), underlies the drying trends(4,8,9,12), but may be a methodological artefact(5). Here we show that the PET estimator commonly used (the Penman-Monteith PET13 for either an open-water surface(1,2,6,7,12) or a reference crop(3,4,8,9,11)) severely overpredicts the changes in non-water-stressed evapotranspiration computed in the climate models themselves in ACC experiments. This overprediction is partially due to neglect of stomatal conductance reductions commonly induced by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in climate models(5). Our findings imply that historical and future tendencies towards continental drying, as characterized by offline-computed runoff, as well as other PET-dependent metrics, may be considerably weaker and less extensive than previously thought. C1 [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM cmilly@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 16 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 6 IS 10 BP 946 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3046 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC7CG UT WOS:000388292800018 ER PT J AU Schadel, C Bader, MKF Schuur, EAG Biasi, C Bracho, R Capek, P De Baets, S Diakova, K Ernakovich, J Estop-Aragones, C Graham, DE Hartley, IP Iversen, CM Kane, ES Knoblauch, C Lupascu, M Martikainen, PJ Natali, SM Norby, RJ O'Donnell, JA Chowdhury, TR Santruckova, H Shaver, G Sloan, VL Treat, CC Turetsky, MR Waldrop, MP Wickland, KP AF Schadel, Christina Bader, Martin K. -F. Schuur, Edward A. G. Biasi, Christina Bracho, Rosvel Capek, Petr De Baets, Sarah Diakova, Katerina Ernakovich, Jessica Estop-Aragones, Cristian Graham, David E. Hartley, Iain P. Iversen, Colleen M. Kane, Evan S. Knoblauch, Christian Lupascu, Massimo Martikainen, Pertti J. Natali, Susan M. Norby, Richard J. O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Chowdhury, Taniya Roy Santruckova, Hana Shaver, Gaius Sloan, Victoria L. Treat, Claire C. Turetsky, Merritt R. Waldrop, Mark P. Wickland, Kimberly P. TI Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID METAANALYSIS; RESPIRATION; TUNDRA AB Increasing temperatures in northern high latitudes are causing permafrost to thaw(1), making large amounts of previously frozen organic matter vulnerable to microbial decomposition(2). Permafrost thaw also creates a fragmented landscape of drier and wetter soil conditions(3,4) that determine the amount and form (carbon dioxide (CO2), or methane (CH4)) of carbon (C) released to the atmosphere. The rate and form of C release control the magnitude of the permafrost C feedback, so their relative contribution with a warming climate remains unclear(5,6). We quantified the effect of increasing temperature and changes from aerobic to anaerobic soil conditions using 25 soil incubation studies from the permafrost zone. Here we show, using two separate meta-analyses, that a 10 degrees C increase in incubation temperature increased C release by a factor of 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8 to 2.2). Under aerobic incubation conditions, soils released 3.4 (95% CI, 2.2 to 5.2) times more C than under anaerobic conditions. Even when accounting for the higher heat trapping capacity of CH4, soils released 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.4) times more C under aerobic conditions. These results imply that permafrost ecosystems thawing under aerobic conditions and releasing CO2 will strengthen the permafrost C feedback more than waterlogged systems releasing CO2 and CH4 for a given amount of C. C1 [Schadel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bader, Martin K. -F.] New Zealand Forest Res Inst, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand. [Biasi, Christina; Martikainen, Pertti J.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Bracho, Rosvel] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bracho, Rosvel] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Capek, Petr; Diakova, Katerina; Santruckova, Hana] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [De Baets, Sarah; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Hartley, Iain P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Ernakovich, Jessica] CSIRO Agr, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia. [Estop-Aragones, Cristian] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Graham, David E.; Chowdhury, Taniya Roy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Iversen, Colleen M.; Norby, Richard J.; Sloan, Victoria L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Iversen, Colleen M.; Norby, Richard J.; Sloan, Victoria L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kane, Evan S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Schc Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 39931 USA. [Knoblauch, Christian] Univ Hamburg, Inst Soil Sci, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Lupascu, Massimo] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore 119077, Singapore. [Natali, Susan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Shaver, Gaius] Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Treat, Claire C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Schadel, C (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM christina.schaedel@nau.edu RI Biasi, Christina/E-1130-2013; Knoblauch, Christian/L-6776-2015; OI Biasi, Christina/0000-0002-7413-3354; Knoblauch, Christian/0000-0002-7147-1008; Bader, Martin Karl-Friedrich/0000-0002-3742-9762; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590; Ernakovich, Jessica/0000-0002-4493-2489 FU National Science Foundation Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network [955713]; National Science Foundation Research Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change Grant [1331083]; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program [DF-SC0006982]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K000179/1]; German Research Foundation (DFG, Excellence cluster CliSAP); Department of Ecosystem Biology; Grant agency of South Bohemian University [146/2013/P, 146/2013/D]; National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [1312402]; National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology [0423385, 1026843]; Biological and Environmental Research programme in the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; European Union [FP-7-ENV-2011, 282700]; Academy of Finland [132 043]; Academy of Finland (part of the European Union Joint Programming Initiative, JPI Climate) [291691]; University of Eastern Finland (project EWER); Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation; Nordic Center of Excellence FX We would like to thank B. Robinson for assistance with meta-data extraction and J. Barta and I. Kohoutova for help with generating incubation data. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network Grant no. 955713 with continued support from the National Science Foundation Research Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change Grant no. 1331083. Author contributions were also supported by grants to individuals: Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program (DF-SC0006982) to E.A.G.S.; UK Natural Environment Research Council funding to I.P.H. and C.E.-A. (NE/K000179/1); German Research Foundation (DFG, Excellence cluster CliSAP) to C.K; Department of Ecosystem Biology; Grant agency of South Bohemian University, GAJU project, no. 146/2013/P and GAJU project no. 146/2013/D to H.S.; National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (1312402) to S.M.N.; National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology (0423385) and National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology (1026843), both to the Marine Biological Laboratory; Woods Hole, Massachusetts; additionally, the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments in the Arctic (NGEE Arctic) project is supported by the Biological and Environmental Research programme in the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is massaged by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the DOE under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Support for C.B. came from European Union (FP-7-ENV-2011, project PAGE21, contract no. 282700), Academy of Finland (project CryoN, decision no. :132 043), Academy of Finland (project COUP, decision no. 291691; part of the European Union Joint Programming Initiative, JPI Climate), strategic funding of the University of Eastern Finland (project EWER) and Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation and for P.J.M. from Nordic Center of Excellence (project DeFROST). NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 47 U2 47 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 6 IS 10 BP 950 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3054 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC7CG UT WOS:000388292800019 ER PT J AU Bralower, TJ Self-Trail, JM AF Bralower, Timothy J. Self-Trail, Jean M. TI Nannoplankton malformation during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and its paleoecological and paleoceanographic significance SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE PETM; nannoplankton; ocean acidification ID CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL ASSEMBLAGES; SPECIES EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CARBONATE CHEMISTRY; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; PALAEOCENE/EOCENE BOUNDARY; COCCOLITH MORPHOGENESIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; CONTINENTAL-SHELF AB The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by a transient group of nannoplankton, belonging to the genus Discoaster. Our investigation of expanded shelf sections provides unprecedented detail of the morphology and phylogeny of the transient Discoaster during the PETM and their relationship with environmental change. We observe a much larger range of morphological variation than previously documented suggesting that the taxa belonged to a plexus of highly gradational morphotypes rather than individual species. We propose that the plexus represents malformed ecophenotypes of a single species that migrated to a deep photic zone refuge during the height of PETM warming and eutrophication. Anomalously, high rates of organic matter remineralization characterized these depths during the event and led to lower saturation levels, which caused malformation. The proposed mechanism explains the co-occurrence of malformed Discoaster with pristine species that grew in the upper photic zone; moreover, it illuminates why malformation is a rare phenomenon in the paleontological record. C1 [Bralower, Timothy J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Self-Trail, Jean M.] United States Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Bralower, TJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bralower@psu.edu FU NSF [OCE-1416663] FX Research funded by NSF OCE-1416663. We appreciate a long-term loan of slides from Bass River from Samantha Gibbs. We acknowledge helpful discussions with Lee Kump. An earlier draft of the manuscript benefitted from the reviews of Laurel Bybell and Marci Robinson, and we acknowledge constructive reviews by Tom Dunkley Jones and an anonymous reviewer. All data are included in the supporting information and available at https://www.pangaea.de/. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 105 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD OCT PY 2016 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1423 EP 1439 DI 10.1002/2016PA002980 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA EC0FX UT WOS:000387775200008 ER PT J AU Schloesser, DW Malakauskas, DM Malakauskas, SJ AF Schloesser, Don W. Malakauskas, David M. Malakauskas, Sarah J. TI Freshwater polychaetes (Manayunkia speciosa) near the Detroit River, western Lake Erie: Abundance and life-history characteristics SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Detroit River; Polychaete; Ecology; Great Lakes; Life history; Annelid ID BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY; NORTH-AMERICAN DISTRIBUTION; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; KLAMATH RIVER; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; SALT-MARSH; SABELLIDAE; PARASITE; DREISSENA; ANNELIDA AB Freshwater polychaetes are relatively rare and little-studied members of the benthos of lakes and rivers. We studied one polychaete species (Manayunkia speciosa) in Lake Erie near the mouth of the Detroit River. Abundances at one site were determined between 1961 and 2013 and life-history characteristics at two sites were determined seasonally (March-November) in 2009-2010 and 2012-2013. Life-history characteristics included abundances, length-frequency distributions, presence/absence of constructed tubes, sexual maturity, and number and maturation of young-of-the-year (YOY) in tubes. Long-term abundances decreased in successive time periods between 1961 and 2003 (mean range = 57,570 to 2583/m(2)) but few changes occurred between 2003 and 2013 (mean = 5007/m(2); range/y = 2355-8216/m(2)). Seasonal abundances varied substantially between sites and years, but overall, abundances were low in March-April, high in May-August, and low in September-November. Although reproduction was continuous throughout warmer months, en masse recruitment, as revealed by length-frequency distributions, occurred in a brief period late June to mid July, and possibly in early-September. All life-history characteristics, including tube construction, were dependent on water temperatures (>5 degrees C in spring and <15 degrees C in fall). These results generally agree with and complement laboratory studies of M. speciosa in the Pacific Northwest where M. speciosa hosts parasites that cause substantial fish mortalities. Although abundance of M. speciosa near the mouth of the Detroit River was 33-fold lower in 2013 than it was in 1961, this population has persisted for five decades and, therefore, has the potential to harbor parasites that may cause fish mortalities in the Great Lakes. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Schloesser, Don W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Malakauskas, David M.; Malakauskas, Sarah J.] Francis Marion Univ, POB 100547, Florence, SC 29502 USA. RP Schloesser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dschloesser@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1070 EP 1083 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.006 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC3WN UT WOS:000388057900015 ER PT J AU Holbrook, CM Jubar, AK Barber, JM Tallon, K Hondorp, DW AF Holbrook, Christopher M. Jubar, Aaron K. Barber, Jessica M. Tallon, Kevin Hondorp, Darryl W. TI Telemetry narrows the search for sea lamprey spawning locations in the St. Clair-Detroit River System SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea lamprey; Petromyzon; Telemetry; Spawning; Migration; St. Clair Detroit-River System ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; PACIFIC LAMPREY; MARYS RIVER; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENT; MICHIGAN; SUPERIOR; STURGEON AB Adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) abundance in Lake Erie has remained above targets set by fishery managers since 2005, possibly due to increased recruitment in the St. Clair-Detroit River System (SCDRS). Sea lamprey recruitment in the SCDRS poses an enormous challenge to sea lamprey control and assessment in Lake Erie because the SCDRS contains no dams to facilitate capture and discharge is at least an order of magnitude larger in the SCDRS than most other sea lamprey-producing tributaries in the Great Lakes. As a first step toward understanding population size, spatial distribution, and spawning habitat of adult sea lampreys in the SCDRS, we used acoustic telemetry to determine where sea lampreys ceased migration (due to spawning, death, or both) among major regions of the SCDRS. All tagged sea lampreys released in the lower Detroit River (N = 27) moved upstream through the Detroit River and entered Lake St. Clair. After entering Lake St. Clair, sea lampreys entered the St. Clair River (N = 22), Thames River (N = 1), or were not detected again (N = 4). Many sea lampreys (10 of 27) were last observed moving downstream ("fallback") but we were unable to determine if those movements occurred before or after spawning, or while sea lampreys were dead or alive. Regardless of whether estimates of locations where sea lampreys ceased migration were based on the most upstream region occupied or final region occupied, most sea lampreys ceased migration in the St. Clair River or Lake St. Clair. Results suggest that spawning and rearing in the St. Clair River could be an important determinant of sea lamprey recruitment in the SCDRS and may direct future assessment and control activities in that system. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Holbrook, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Jubar, Aaron K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, 229 S Jebavy Dr, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. [Barber, Jessica M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Tallon, Kevin] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, 1219 Queen St East, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Hondorp, Darryl W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Holbrook, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM cholbrook@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission through Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations [GL-00E23010-3] FX This work was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission through Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL-00E23010-3). The Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System (www.data.glos.us/glatos) assisted with project coordination. We thank Michael Hansen, Michael Twohey, Aaron Fisk, Tim Johnson, and one anonymous reviewer for insightful comments that improved the manuscript, Gary Haiss and Chris Amato for assistance deploying receivers, Kevin Letson for providing sea lampreys, and Melissa Kostich, Kevin Keeler, and Jason Ross for assistance tagging. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This article is contribution number 28 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System and contribution number 2038 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1084 EP 1091 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC3WN UT WOS:000388057900016 ER PT J AU Zuccarino-Crowe, CM Taylor, WW Hansen, MJ Seider, MJ Krueger, CC AF Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara M. Taylor, William W. Hansen, Michael J. Seider, Michael J. Krueger, Charles C. TI Effects of lake trout refuges on lake whitefish and cisco in the Apostle Islands Region of Lake Superior SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MPA; Reserve; Great Lakes; Native fish; Harvest regulation; Fisheries management ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; GREAT-LAKES; ARTIFICIAL TURF; US WATERS; RESERVES; POPULATION; RECOVERY; DYNAMICS AB Lake trout refuges in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior are analogous to the concept of marine protected areas. These refuges, established specifically for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and closed to most forms of recreational and commercial fishing, were implicated as one of several management actions leading to successful rehabilitation of Lake Superior lake trout. To investigate the potential significance of Gull Island Shoal and Devils Island Shoal refuges for populations of not only lake trout but also other fish species, relative abundances of lake trout, lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), and cisco (Coregonus artedi) were compared between areas sampled inside versus outside of refuge boundaries. During 1982-2010, lake trout relative abundance was higher and increased faster inside the refuges, where lake trout fishing was prohibited, than outside the refuges. Over the same period, lake whitefish relative abundance increased faster inside than outside the refuges. Both evaluations provided clear evidence that refuges protected these species. In contrast, trends in relative abundance of cisco, a prey item of lake trout, did not differ significantly between areas inside and outside the refuges. This result did not suggest indirect or cascading refuge effects due to changes in predator levels. Overall, this study highlights the potential of species-specific refuges to benefit other fish species beyond those that were the refuges' original target. Improved understanding of refuge effects on multiple species of Great Lakes fishes can be valuable for developing rationales for refuge establishment and predicting associated fish community-level effects. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara M.; Taylor, William W.; Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 1405 S Harrison Rd,Suite 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Hansen, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Seider, Michael J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 141 South Third St, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. [Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Fdn, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 1305 East West Highway,11th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hansen, Michael J.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2800 Lake Shore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Zuccarino-Crowe, CM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 1405 S Harrison Rd,Suite 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.; Zuccarino-Crowe, CM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Fdn, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 1305 East West Highway,11th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM c.zuccarino.crowe@gmail.com; taylorw@anr.msu.edu; michaelhansen@usgs.gov; mike_seider@fws.gov; Kruege62@anr.msu.edu FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0802267]; Janice Lee Fenske Excellence in Fisheries Management Fellowship FX This research was primarily supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant no. DGE-0802267, with additional support from a Janice Lee Fenske Excellence in Fisheries Management Fellowship. The authors would like to thank the biologists and technicians of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bayfield field station, including crewmembers of the R/V Hack Noyes, who collected the data used for this research through decades of field surveys. Additional assistance with the conceptual formation of this study was provided by Owen Gorman (USGS), Charles Bronte (USFWS), and Bill Mattes (GLIFWC). We would also like to extend thanks to Jack Liu, Michael Nelson, Dan Hayes, Matt Catalano, Brian Irwin, Dana Infante, Neil Carter, and Abigail Lynch for their technical advice and thoughtful comments during initial drafts of this manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This article is Contribution 2066 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1092 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC3WN UT WOS:000388057900017 ER PT J AU Essian, DA Chipault, JG Lafrancois, BM Leonard, JBK AF Essian, David A. Chipault, Jennifer G. Lafrancois, Brenda Moraska Leonard, Jill B. K. TI Gut content analysis of Lake Michigan waterbirds in years with avian botulism type E mortality, 2010-2012 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Round goby; Dreissena; Clostridium botulinum; Piscivorous birds; Size class distribution ID GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; CORMORANTS PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; DREISSENA-ROSTRIFORMIS-BUGENSIS; WHITE-WINGED SCOTERS; ROUND GOBY; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-HABITS; BEAVER ARCHIPELAGO; DIET COMPOSITION AB Waterbird die-offs caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E) have occurred sporadically in the Great Lakes since the late 1960s, with a recent pulse starting in the late 1990s. In recent die-offs, round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) have been implicated as vectors for the transfer of BoNT/E to fish-eating birds due to the round goby invasion history and their importance as prey. Dreissenid mussels (Dreissena spp.) are also potentially involved in BoNT/E transmission to birds and round gobies. We examined gut contents of waterbirds collected in Lake Michigan during die-offs in 2010-2012, and the gut contents of culled, presumably BoNT/E-free double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Round gobies were found in 86% of the BoNT/E-positive individuals, 84% of the BoNT/E-negative birds, and 94% of the BoNT/E-free cormorants examined. Double-crested cormorants, ring-billed gulls (Larus delewarensis), and common loons (Gavia immer) consumed larger-sized round gobies than horned and red-necked grebes (Podiceps auritus and Podiceps grisegena), white-winged scoters (Melanitta deglandi), and long-tailed ducks (Clangula hymealis). Other common prey included dreissenid mussels, terrestrial insects, and alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus). Our data emphasize the importance of round gobies and mussels in diets of Lake Michigan waterbirds and suggest they may play a role in the transfer of BoNT/E to waterbirds; however, round gobies and mussels were found in BoNT/E-positive,-negative, and -free individuals, suggesting that other factors, such as alternative trophic pathways for toxin transfer, bird migratory timing and feeding locations, prey behavior, and individual physiological differences across birds may affect the likelihood that a bird will succumb to BoNT/E intoxication. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Essian, David A.; Leonard, Jill B. K.] Northern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, 1401 Presque Isle Ave, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Chipault, Jennifer G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lafrancois, Brenda Moraska] Natl Pk Serv, 2800 Lake Shore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Essian, DA (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM daessian@fau.edu; jileonar@nmu.edu FU National Park Service (NPS); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); USGS via Great Lakes Restoration Initiative/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Northern Michigan University (NMU) through the Excellence in Education Scholarship FX We thank the National Park Service (NPS) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for providing support for this project, particularly Sue Jennings and Dan Ray (NPS) and C. LeAnn White, Jonathan Sleeman, Stephen Riley, and Taaja Tucker (USGS). Funding was provided by NPS and USGS via the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Northern Michigan University (NMU) also provided equipment and funding through the Excellence in Education Scholarship. We thank personnel from NPS, USGS, Common Coast Research and Conservation, the many dedicated volunteers who collected carcasses from Lake Michigan beaches, and staff at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center for help with carcass necropsies and botulinum toxin testing. We thank all of the NMU volunteers who helped dissect cormorants and sort through gut contents, particularly Rachel Holman, Rachel Koleda, Nicole Griewahn, and Ricki Oldenkamp. We would like to thank Jackie Bird and William Hamilton for helping organize and perform necropsies. We thank Pat Brown and Alec Lindsey for making suggestions that improved this study. We also thank the staff of the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians Department of Natural Resources and U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service involved with the cormorant cull following U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regulations (CFR 21.47). We thank David Jude and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful reviews of this manuscript. We also thank Kevin Kenow (USGS) for his helpful review of a draft of this manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1118 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.027 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC3WN UT WOS:000388057900020 ER PT J AU Tucker, TR Hudson, PL Riley, SC AF Tucker, Taaja R. Hudson, Patrick L. Riley, Stephen C. TI Observations of cocooned Hydrobaenus (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chironomid; Benthos; Invertebrates; Sampling; Cocoon ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; RIVER FLOODPLAIN; INVERTEBRATES; ASSOCIATIONS; STRATEGIES; WATER; BAY AB Larvae of the family Chironomidae have developed a variety of ways to tolerate environmental stress, including the formation of cocoons, which allows larvae to avoid unfavorable temperature conditions, drought, or competition with other chironomids. Summer cocoon formation by younger instars of the genus Hydrobaenus Fries allows persistence through increased temperatures and/or intermittent dry periods in arid regions or temporary habitats, but this behavior was not observed in the Great Lakes until the current study. Cocoon-aestivating Hydrobaenus sp. larvae were found in benthic grab samples collected in 2010-2013 near Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in northern Lake Michigan with densities up to 7329/m(2). The aestivating species was identified as Hydrobaenus johannseni (Sublette, 1967), and the associated chironomid community was typical for an oligotrophic nearshore system. Hydrobaenus cocoon formation in the Great Lakes was likely previously unnoticed due to the discrepancies between the genus' life history and typical benthos sampling procedures which has consequences for describing chironomid communities where Hydrobaenus is present (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tucker, Taaja R.] CSS Dynamac, 10301 Democracy Lane,Suite 300, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tucker, Taaja R.; Hudson, Patrick L.; Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Tucker, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM taajatucker@gmail.com FU EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; [GS-00F-0029P]; [G12PD00381] FX We thank H. Avis, D. Carmack, R. Darnton, S. Farha, A. Fingerle, E. Johnson, B. Maitland, L Pashnik, A. Pruehs, K. Smith, B. Soukup, and P. Wigren for assistance with fieldwork and sample processing. Funding for this research was provided by a grant from the EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Template 73) and T. Tucker is supported by Contract No. GS-00F-0029P/Order No. G12PD00381. We thank M. Chriscinske and two anonymous reviewers for comments on a previous draft. This article is contribution 2071 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1135 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.013 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC3WN UT WOS:000388057900021 ER PT J AU Fassbinder-Orth, CA Wilcoxen, TE Tran, T Boughton, RK Fair, JM Hofmeister, EK Grindstaff, JL Owen, JC AF Fassbinder-Orth, Carol A. Wilcoxen, Travis E. Tran, Tiffany Boughton, Raoul K. Fair, Jeanne M. Hofmeister, Erik K. Grindstaff, Jennifer L. Owen, Jen C. TI Immunoglobulin detection inwild birds: effectiveness of three secondary anti-avian IgY antibodies in direct ELISAs in 41 avian species SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE bird; Ecoimmunology; ELISA; IgY; non-model organisms; passerine ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; WILD BIRDS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; PLASMA; SERUM; IMMUNOASSAY; ARBOVIRUSES; PREVALENCE; PASSERINES AB 1. Immunological reagents for wild, non-model species are limited or often non-existent for many species. 2. In this study, we compare the reactivity of a newanti-passerine IgY secondary antibody with existing secondary antibodies developed for use with birds. Samples from 41 species from the following six avian orders were analysed: Anseriformes (1 family, 1 species), Columbiformes (1 family, 2 species), Galliformes (1 family, 1 species), Passeriformes (16 families, 34 species), Piciformes (1 family, 2 species) and Suliformes (1 family, 1 species). Direct ELISAs were performed to detect total IgY using goat anti-passerine IgY, goat anti-chicken IgY or goat anti-bird IgY secondary antibodies. 3. The anti-passerine antibody exhibited significantly higher IgY reactivity compared to the anti-chicken and/or anti-bird antibodies in 80% of the passerine families tested. Birds in the order Piciformes (woodpeckers) and order Suliformes (cormorants) were poorly detected by all three secondary antibodies. A comparison of serum and plasma IgY levels was made within the same individuals for two passerine species (house finch and white-crowned sparrow), and serum exhibited significantly more IgY than the plasma for all three secondary antibodies. This result indicates that serummay be preferred to plasma whenmeasuring total antibody levels in blood. 4. This study indicates that the anti-passerine IgY secondary antibody can effectively be used in immunological assays to detect passerine IgY for species in most passerine families and is preferred over anti-chicken and anti-bird secondary antibodies for the majority of passerine species. This anti-passerine antibody will allow for more accurate detection and quantification of IgY in more wild bird species than was possible with previously available secondary antibodies. C1 [Fassbinder-Orth, Carol A.; Tran, Tiffany] Creighton Univ, Dept Biol, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Wilcoxen, Travis E.] Millikin Univ, Dept Biol, 1184 West Main St, Decatur, IL 62522 USA. [Boughton, Raoul K.] Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr Wildlife Ecol & Conse, 3401 Expt Stn, Ona, FL 33865 USA. [Fair, Jeanne M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Global Secur Emerging Threats, MS K404, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hofmeister, Erik K.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Grindstaff, Jennifer L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Owen, Jen C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fassbinder-Orth, CA (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Dept Biol, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM carolfassbinder-orth@creighton.edu FU Creighton College of Arts and Sciences Research Initiative Grant; National Institutes of Health [1R15HD066378-01] FX We thank Bethyl Laboratories for providing the anti-passerine antibody for sample testing. We thank Brianne Addison, Rachel Hanauer, Dana Hawley and Kirk Klasing for contributing samples for the production of Bethyl Laboratories' anti-passerine antibody. We also thank Ellecia Rainwater, Molly Hiatt and Cara Franey for their technical assistance. This research was funded by Creighton College of Arts and Sciences Research Initiative Grant to CFO and National Institutes of Health grant 1R15HD066378-01 to JLG. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1174 EP 1181 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12583 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB8VZ UT WOS:000387670700005 PM 27800150 ER PT J AU Watt, J Ponce, D Parsons, T Hart, P AF Watt, Janet Ponce, David Parsons, Tom Hart, Patrick TI Missing link between the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE FORECAST; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; GROUND-MOTION; SLIP FAULTS; REGION; SYSTEM; EAST; DYNAMICS; UCERF3 AB The nextmajor earthquake to strike the similar to 7 million residents of the San Francisco Bay Area will most likely result from rupture of the Hayward or Rodgers Creek faults. Until now, the relationship between these two faults beneath San Pablo Bay has been a mystery. Detailed subsurface imaging provides definitive evidence of active faulting along the Hayward fault as it traverses San Pablo Bay and bends similar to 10 degrees to the right toward the Rodgers Creek fault. Integrated geophysical interpretation and kinematic modeling show that the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults are directly connected at the surface-a geometric relationship that has significant implications for earthquake dynamics and seismic hazard. A direct link enables simultaneous rupture of the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults, a scenario that could result in a major earthquake (M = 7.4) that would cause extensive damage and loss of life with global economic impact. C1 [Watt, Janet; Hart, Patrick] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ponce, David; Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Watt, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwatt@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 2 IS 10 AR e1601441 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1601441 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC2YV UT WOS:000387991500045 ER PT J AU Hellmann, JJ Grundel, R Hoving, C Schuurman, GW AF Hellmann, Jessica J. Grundel, Ralph Hoving, Chris Schuurman, Gregor W. TI A call to insect scientists: challenges and opportunities of managing insect communities under climate change SO CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MONARCH BUTTERFLIES; LOCAL ADAPTATION; CANOPY COVER; ET-AL; POPULATION; BIODIVERSITY; MIGRATION; IMPACTS; QUALITY; MODELS AB As climate change moves insect systems into uncharted territory, more knowledge about insect dynamics and the factors that drive them could enable us to better manage and conserve insect communities. Climate change may also require us to revisit insect management goals and strategies and lead to a new kind of scientific engagement in management decision-making. Here we make five key points about the role of insect science in aiding and crafting management decisions, and we illustrate those points with the monarch butterfly and the Karner blue butterfly, two species undergoing considerable change and facing new management dilemmas. Insect biology has a strong history of engagement in applied problems, and as the impacts of climate change increase, a reimagined ethic of entomology in service of broader society may emerge. We hope to motivate insect biologists to contribute time and effort toward solving the challenges of climate change. C1 [Hellmann, Jessica J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hellmann, Jessica J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. [Hoving, Chris] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Hoving, Chris] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schuurman, Gregor W.] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Hellmann, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.; Hellmann, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hellmann@umn.edu NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2214-5745 EI 2214-5753 J9 CURR OPIN INSECT SCI JI Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Entomology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA EA2KJ UT WOS:000386420900016 PM 27720080 ER PT J AU Cohen, JB Hecht, A Robinson, KF Osnas, EE Tyre, AJ Davis, C Kocek, A Maslo, B Melvin, SM AF Cohen, Jonathan B. Hecht, Anne Robinson, Kelly F. Osnas, Erik E. Tyre, Andrew J. Davis, Christina Kocek, Alison Maslo, Brooke Melvin, Scott M. TI To exclose nests or not: structured decision making for the conservation of a threatened species SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE endangered species; nest exclosures; nest survival; piping plover; population model; structured decision making ID PIPING PLOVER NESTS; PREDATOR EXCLOSURES; CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; RECOVERY; MODELS; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB Decisions regarding endangered species recovery often face sparse data and multiple sources of uncertainty about the effects of management. Structured decision making (SDM) provides a framework for assembling knowledge and expert opinion and evaluating the tradeoffs between different objectives while formally incorporating uncertainty. The Atlantic Coast piping plover provides an illustrative case for the utility of SDM in endangered species management because its population growth is simple to model, most populations are monitored, decision alternatives are well defined, and many managers are open to recovery recommendations. We built a model to evaluate the decision to use nest exclosures to protect piping plover eggs from predators, where the objective was to maximize lambda and the tradeoff was between nest survival and adult survival. The latter can be reduced by exclosures. We used a novel mixed multinomial logistic exposure model to predict daily nest fates and incorporated the results into a stochastic projection matrix that included renesting after nest failure, and adult mortality associated with abandonment. In our test data set (n = 329 nests from 28 sites over four years), the mean nest survival over 34 days was markedly higher for exclosed nests (0.76 +/- 0.03 SE) than for unexclosed nests (0.37 +/- 0.07). Abandonment rates were also higher for exclosed nests (0.092 +/- 0.017) than for unexclosed nests (0.045 +/- 0.017), but the difference was not statistically significant and the loss rate to "other sources" (mostly predators) was much lower for exclosed nests (0.15 +/- 0.03) than for unexclosed nests (0.58 +/- 0.07). Population growth rate (lambda) was clearly improved by exclosure use at the sites with high background nest loss rates, but lambda was still <1 with exclosure use. Where the background nest loss rates were low, the decision to use exclosures was ambiguous, and lambda could benefit from reducing uncertainty in vital rates. Our process demonstrated that geographic and temporal variation in nest mortality determines whether exclosures will be useful in attaining positive population growth rates and that other management options must be considered where the background nest mortality rates are high. C1 [Cohen, Jonathan B.; Kocek, Alison] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Hecht, Anne] USFWS, Endangered Species Program, Northeast Reg, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. [Robinson, Kelly F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Osnas, Erik E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Reg 7, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Tyre, Andrew J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Davis, Christina] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Woodbine, NJ 08270 USA. [Maslo, Brooke] Rutgers State Univ, Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Melvin, Scott M.] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. [Robinson, Kelly F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48842 USA. RP Cohen, JB (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM jcohen14@esf.edu NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR UNSP e01499 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1499 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300037 ER PT J AU Coletti, HA Bodkin, JL Monson, DH Ballachey, BE Dean, TA AF Coletti, Heather A. Bodkin, James L. Monson, Daniel H. Ballachey, Brenda E. Dean, Thomas A. TI Detecting and inferring cause of change in an Alaska nearshore marine ecosystem SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE abundance; ecosystem dynamics; energy recovery rates; Enhydra lutris; Gulf of Alaska; long-term monitoring; mortality; nearshore marine food web; sea otter; Special Feature: Science for Our National Parks' Second Century; vital signs ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SEA OTTER PREDATION; LONG-TERM RESEARCH; EL-NINO; KELP FORESTS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SUBTIDAL COMMUNITIES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; MORTALITY PATTERNS AB Community composition, species abundance, and species distribution are expected to change while monitoring ecosystems over time, and effective management of natural resources requires understanding mechanisms contributing to change. Marine ecosystems in particular can be difficult to monitor, in part due to large, multidimensional spatial scales and complex dynamics. However, within the temperate marine ecosystems, the nearshore food web is reasonably well described. This food web is ecologically and socially important, spatially constrained, and has been the focus of extensive experimental research that describes the underlying mechanisms important to system dynamics. Here, we describe a monitoring program initiated in 2006 that focuses on the nearshore benthic food web in the Gulf of Alaska, whose design anticipates potential causes of ecosystem change to improve rigor, resolution, and confidence in understanding the mechanisms underlying change. We established 15 long-term monitoring sites across more than 1000 km of coastline, including 10 within two national parks and 5 within Prince William Sound, area of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. The program evaluates six ecological indicators and more than 200 species that range from primary producers to top-level consumers, and is designed to examine both bottom-up and top-down dynamics. Employing a design that allows broad spatial inference and selecting species with direct food-web linkages, we demonstrate the ability of our monitoring program to simultaneously detect change and assess potential mechanisms underlying that change. Detecting change and understanding mechanisms can help guide management and conservation policy. Specifically, we provide an example focusing on the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) that illustrates how (1) analytical methods are used to evaluate changes on various scales and infer potential mechanisms of change, (2) food-web linkages can enhance the understanding of changes and their effects, and (3) data can be used to inform management. C1 [Coletti, Heather A.] Natl Pk Serv, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Bodkin, James L.; Monson, Daniel H.; Ballachey, Brenda E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dean, Thomas A.] Coastal Resources Associates Inc, 5190 El Arbol Dr, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. RP Coletti, HA (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM Heather_Coletti@nps.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; National Park Service; USGS Alaska Science Center FX The research described in this manuscript was supported by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. However, the findings and conclusions presented by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. The National Park Service and the USGS Alaska Science Center also supported this work. We greatly appreciate the support of Alan Bennett, George Esslinger, Kimberly Kloecker, Allan Fukuyama, Mandy Lindeberg, Dorothy Mortenson, Michael Shephard, William Thompson, and Benjamin Weitzman as well as the exceptional cooperation by the NPS staff of KATM, KEFJ, and the Southwest Alaska Network. Thank you to Daniel Esler, Amy Miller, Christopher Sergeant, and one anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1489 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300028 ER PT J AU Doherty, KE Evans, JS Coates, PS Juliusson, LM Fedy, BC AF Doherty, Kevin E. Evans, Jeffrey S. Coates, Peter S. Juliusson, Lara M. Fedy, Bradley C. TI Importance of regional variation in conservation planning: a rangewide example of the Greater Sage-Grouse SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE breeding habitat; conservation planning; ecological variation; function habitat response; Greater Sage-Grouse; landscape context; population index; resource selection function; spatial modeling; thresholds ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; RANDOM FORESTS; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; LEKS IMPLICATIONS; TELEMETRY DATA; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES AB We developed rangewide population and habitat models for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) that account for regional variation in habitat selection and relative densities of birds for use in conservation planning and risk assessments. We developed a probabilistic model of occupied breeding habitat by statistically linking habitat characteristics within 4 miles of an occupied lek using a nonlinear machine learning technique (Random Forests). Habitat characteristics used were quantified in GIS and represent standard abiotic and biotic variables related to sage-grouse biology. Statistical model fit was high (mean correctly classified = 82.0%, range = 75.4-88.0%) as were cross-validation statistics (mean = 80.9%, range = 75.1-85.8%). We also developed a spatially explicit model to quantify the relative density of breeding birds across each Greater Sage-Grouse management zone. The models demonstrate distinct clustering of relative abundance of sage-grouse populations across all management zones. On average, approximately half of the breeding population is predicted to be within 10% of the occupied range. We also found that 80% of sage-grouse populations were contained in 25-34% of the occupied range within each management zone. Our rangewide population and habitat models account for regional variation in habitat selection and the relative densities of birds, and thus, they can serve as a consistent and common currency to assess how sage-grouse habitat and populations overlap with conservation actions or threats over the entire sage-grouse range. We also quantified differences in functional habitat responses and disturbance thresholds across the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) management zones using statistical relationships identified during habitat modeling. Even for a species as specialized as Greater Sage-Grouse, our results show that ecological context matters in both the strength of habitat selection (i.e., functional response curves) and response to disturbance. C1 [Doherty, Kevin E.; Juliusson, Lara M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 134 Union Blvd, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Fedy, Bradley C.] Univ Waterloo, Environm Resources & Sustainabil, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Doherty, KE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 134 Union Blvd, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. EM kevin_doherty@fws.gov NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01462 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1462 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300006 ER PT J AU Drake, KK Bowen, L Nussear, KE Esque, TC Berger, AJ Custer, NA Waters, SC Johnson, JD Miles, AK Lewison, RL AF Drake, K. Kristina Bowen, Lizabeth Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. Berger, Andrew J. Custer, Nathan A. Waters, Shannon C. Johnson, Jay D. Miles, A. Keith Lewison, Rebecca L. TI Negative impacts of invasive plants on conservation of sensitive desert wildlife SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE annual plants; Bromus rubens; diet; gene transcription; Gopherus agassizii; habitat disturbance; immune function; invasive; Mojave Desert; Mojave Desert tortoise; nutrition ID TORTOISES GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; MOJAVE DESERT; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; SOUTHERN NEVADA; JUVENILE DESERT; IMMUNE FUNCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATURAL FOODS; FIRE AB Habitat disturbance from development, resource extraction, off-road vehicle use, and energy development ranks highly among threats to desert systems worldwide. In the Mojave Desert, United States, these disturbances have promoted the establishment of nonnative plants, so that native grasses and forbs are now intermixed with, or have been replaced by invasive, nonnative Mediterranean grasses. This shift in plant composition has altered food availability for Mojave Desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), a federally listed species. We hypothesized that this change in forage would negatively influence the physiological ecology, immune competence, and health of neonatal and yearling tortoises. To test this, we monitored the effects of diet on growth, body condition, immunological responses (measured by gene transcription), and survival for 100 captive Mojave tortoises. Tortoises were assigned to one of five diets: native forbs, native grass, invasive grass, and native forbs combined with either the native or invasive grass. Tortoises eating native forbs had better body condition and immune functions, grew more, and had higher survival rates (> 95%) than tortoises consuming any other diet. At the end of the experiment, 32% of individuals fed only native grass and 37% fed only invasive grass were found dead or removed from the experiment due to poor body conditions. In contrast, all tortoises fed either the native forb or combined native forb and native grass diets survived and were in good condition. Health and body condition quickly declined for tortoises fed only the native grass (Festuca octoflora) or invasive grass (Bromus rubens) with notable loss of fat and muscle mass and increased muscular atrophy. Bromus rubens seeds were found embedded in the oral mucosa and tongue in most individuals eating that diet, which led to mucosal inflammation. Genes indicative of physiological, immune, and metabolic functions were transcribed at lower levels for individuals fed B. rubens, indicating potential greater susceptibility to disease or other health-related problems. This study highlights the negative indirect effects of invasive grasses, such as red brome, in desert ecosystems, and provides definitive evidence of a larger negative consequence to health, survival, and ultimately population recruitment for Mojave Desert tortoises than previously understood. C1 [Drake, K. Kristina; Esque, Todd C.; Berger, Andrew J.; Custer, Nathan A.; Miles, A. Keith] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Drake, K. Kristina; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Drake, K. Kristina; Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Bowen, Lizabeth; Waters, Shannon C.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Nussear, Kenneth E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Johnson, Jay D.] Arizona Exot Anim Hosp, 744 N Ctr St,Suite 101, Mesa, AZ 85201 USA. RP Drake, KK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.; Drake, KK (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.; Drake, KK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM kdrake@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; Southern Nevada District Office; Coyote Springs Investment Corporation, LLC FX We thank many people for their contributions in this study, especially F. Chen, M. Walden, R. Inman, P. Medica, I. Lamkin, and many volunteers. Additionally, we thank R. Averill-Murray (USFWS) for supporting this research and D. Shyrock, R. Inman, and J. Yee for statistical assistance with the data. We thank D. Lipson, J. Foley, B. Todd, D. Deutschman, J. Stott, M. Trego, C. Clatterbuck, J. Feltner, and M. Jennings for providing reviews on earlier versions of this work. This manuscript was greatly improved by L. DeFalco and anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Southern Nevada District Office, and Coyote Springs Investment Corporation, LLC. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 124 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01531 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1531 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300057 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE Xu, L Liu, QY AF Eads, David A. Biggins, Dean E. Xu, Lei Liu, Qiyong TI Plague cycles in two rodent species from China: dry years might provide context for epizootics in wet years SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Daurian ground squirrel; flea; Meriones unguiculatus; Mongolian gerbil; plague; Siphonaptera; Spermophilus dauricus; Yersinia pestis ID DOGS CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; FLEA-BORNE TRANSMISSION; PRAIRIE DOGS; YERSINIA-PESTIS; SYLVATIC PLAGUE; PRECIPITATION; POPULATIONS; MAINTENANCE; PERSISTENCE; EFFICIENCY AB Plague, a rodent-associated, flean-borne zoonosis, is one of the most notorious diseases in history. Rates of plague transmission can increase when fleas are abundant. Fleas commonly desiccate and die when reared under dry conditions in laboratories, suggesting fleas will be suppressed during droughts in the wild, thus reducing the rate at which plague spreads among hosts. In contrast, fleas might increase in abundance when precipitation is plentiful, producing epizootic outbreaks during wet years. We tested these hypotheses using a 27-yr data set from two rodents in Inner Mongolia, China: Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). For both species of rodents, fleas were most abundant during years preceded by dry growing seasons. For gerbils, the prevalence of plague increased during wet years preceded by dry growing seasons. If precipitation is scarce during the primary growing season, succulent plants decline in abundance and, consequently, herbivorous rodents can suffer declines in body condition. Fleas produce more offspring and better survive when parasitizing food-limited hosts, because starving animals tend to exhibit inefficient behavioral and immunological defenses against fleas. Further, rodent burrows might buffer fleas from xeric conditions aboveground during dry years. After a dry year, fleas might be abundant due to the preceding drought, and if precipitation and succulent plants become more plentiful, rodents could increase in density, thereby creating connectivity that facilitates the spread of plague. Moreover, in wet years, mild temperatures might increase the efficiency at which fleas transmit the plague bacterium, while also helping fleas to survive as they quest among hosts. In this way, dry years could provide context for epizootics of plague in wet years. C1 [Eads, David A.; Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Eads, David A.; Biggins, Dean E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Xu, Lei; Liu, Qiyong] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.; Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM deads@usgs.gov FU Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB11050300]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); USGS; Colorado State University through USGS [G14AC00403] FX Efforts to collect data were supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB11050300). Funding for DAE and DEB was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). DAE thanks the USGS and Colorado State University for financial support through Cooperative Agreement Number G14AC00403 from the USGS, and P. Stevens and M. Antolin for professional support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors claim no conflict of interest. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01495 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1495 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300033 ER PT J AU Fay, PA Guntenspergen, GR Olker, JH Johnson, WC AF Fay, Philip A. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Olker, Jennifer H. Johnson, W. Carter TI Climate change impacts on freshwater wetland hydrology and vegetation cover cycling along a regional aridity gradient SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem models; ecosystem services; grasslands; Prairie Pothole Region; precipitation gradient; wetland complexes; wetland conservation; WETLANDSCAPE ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; DYNAMICS AB Global mean temperature may increase up to 6 degrees C by the end of this century and together with precipitation change may steepen regional aridity gradients. The hydrology, productivity, and ecosystem services from freshwater wetlands depend on their future water balance. We simulated the hydrology and vegetation dynamics of wetland complexes in the North American Prairie Pothole Region with the WETLANDSCAPE model. Simulations for 63 precipitation x temperature combinations spanning 6 degrees C warming and - 20% to + 20% annual precipitation change at 19 locations along a mid-continental aridity gradient showed that aridity explained up to 99% of the variation in wetland stage and hydroperiod for all wetland permanence types, and in vegetation cycling for semipermanent wetlands. The magnitude and direction of hydrologic responses depended on whether climate changes increased or decreased water deficits. Warming to 6 degrees C and 20% less precipitation increased wetland water deficits and more strongly decreased wetland stage and hydroperiod from historic levels at low aridity, especially in semipermanent wetlands, where peak vegetation cycling (Cover Cycle Index, CCI) also shifted to lower aridity. In contrast, 20% more precipitation decreased water deficits, increasing wetland stage and hydroperiod most strongly in shallow wetlands at high aridity, but filling semipermanent wetlands and reducing CCI at low aridity. All climate changes narrowed the range of aridity favorable to high productivity. Climate changes that reduce water deficits may help maintain wetlands at high aridity at the expense of those at low aridity, but with warming certain, increased deficits are more likely and will help maintain wetlands at lower aridity but exacerbate loss of wetlands at high aridity. Thus, there is likely not a universally applicable approach to mitigating climate change impacts on freshwater wetlands across regional aridity gradients. Conservation strategies need to account for aridity-specific effects of climate change on freshwater wetland ecosystems. C1 [Fay, Philip A.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Olker, Jennifer H.] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Johnson, W. Carter] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Fay, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM philip.fay@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [1339944, 1340413]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land-Use Research and Development Program; USDA-Agricultural Research Service Climate; Air and Soils National Program; USDA-NIFA [2010-12865615-20632] FX We thank Anne Gibson for generating the weather scenarios and acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences 1339944, Emerging Frontiers 1340413), U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land-Use Research and Development Program, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Climate, Air and Soils National Program, and USDA-NIFA (2010-12865615-20632). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. USDA is an Equal Opportunity Employer. The authors declare no conflict of interests. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01504 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1504 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300042 ER PT J AU Kindschuh, SR Cain, JW Daniel, D Peyton, MA AF Kindschuh, Sarah R. Cain, James W., III Daniel, David Peyton, Mark A. TI Efficacy of GPS cluster analysis for predicting carnivory sites of a wide-ranging omnivore: the American black bear SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE black bear carnivory; GPS location cluster; kill site; predator-prey interactions; prey composition; telemetry; ungulate; Ursus americanus ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; ELK CALF SURVIVAL; KILL RATES; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; GRIZZLY BEARS; UNGULATE CARCASSES; URSUS-AMERICANUS; TAILED DEER; PREDATION AB The capacity to describe and quantify predation by large carnivores expanded considerably with the advent of GPS technology. Analyzing clusters of GPS locations formed by carnivores facilitates the detection of predation events by identifying characteristics which distinguish predation sites. We present a performance assessment of GPS cluster analysis as applied to the predation and scavenging of an omnivore, the American black bear (Ursus americanus), on ungulate prey and carrion. Through field investigations of 6854 GPS locations from 24 individual bears, we identified 54 sites where black bears formed a cluster of locations while predating or scavenging elk (Cervus elaphus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), or cattle (Bos spp.). We developed models for three data sets to predict whether a GPS cluster was formed at a carnivory site vs. a non-carnivory site (e.g., bed sites or non-ungulate foraging sites). Two full-season data sets contained GPS locations logged at either 3-h or 30-min intervals from April to November, and a third data set contained 30-min interval data from April through July corresponding to the calving period for elk. Longer fix intervals resulted in the detection of fewer carnivory sites. Clusters were more likely to be carnivory sites if they occurred in open or edge habitats, if they occurred in the early season, if the mean distance between all pairs of GPS locations within the cluster was less, and if the cluster endured for a longer period of time. Clusters were less likely to be carnivory sites if they were initiated in the morning or night compared to the day. The top models for each data set performed well and successfully predicted 71-96% of field-verified carnivory events, 55-75% of non-carnivory events, and 58-76% of clusters overall. Refinement of this method will benefit from further application across species and ecological systems. C1 [Kindschuh, Sarah R.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, MSC 4901,POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Cain, James W., III] New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, US Geol Survey, MSC 4901,POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Daniel, David] New Mexico State Univ, Appl Stat Program, POB 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Peyton, Mark A.] Valles Caldera Natl Preserve, 090 Villa Louis Martin,POB 359, Jemez Springs, NM 87025 USA. [Kindschuh, Sarah R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way North, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Cain, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, US Geol Survey, MSC 4901,POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jwcain@nmsu.edu FU United States Forest Service; Valles Caldera National Preserve; T E, Inc. FX We thank Dan Tomasetti and Ruth Passernig for contributions to field investigations of cluster sites. Robert Parmenter provided extensive logistical support. Reviews by Brian Jansen, Stewart Liley, and two anonymous reviewers improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. The United States Forest Service, Valles Caldera National Preserve, and T & E, Inc., provided funding and equipment. The Santa Fe National Forest, Jemez Ranger District, Bandelier National Monument, and the Jemez Pueblo provided access and logistical support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01513 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1513 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300046 ER PT J AU Martyn, TE Bradford, JB Schlaepfer, DR Burke, IC Lauenroth, WK AF Martyn, Trace E. Bradford, John B. Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Burke, Ingrid C. Lauenroth, William K. TI Seed bank and big sagebrush plant community composition in a range margin for big sagebrush SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; climate change; migration; range expansion; range margin plant communities ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; BROMUS-TECTORUM; GREAT-BASIN; SOIL; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; PATTERNS AB The potential influence of seed bank composition on range shifts of species due to climate change is unclear. Seed banks can provide a means of both species persistence in an area and local range expansion in the case of increasing habitat suitability, as may occur under future climate change. However, a mismatch between the seed bank and the established plant community may represent an obstacle to persistence and expansion. In big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) plant communities in Montana, USA, we compared the seed bank to the established plant community. There was less than a 20% similarity in the relative abundance of species between the established plant community and the seed bank. This difference was primarily driven by an overrepresentation of native annual forbs and an underrepresentation of big sagebrush in the seed bank compared to the established plant community. Even though we expect an increase in habitat suitability for big sagebrush under future climate conditions at our sites, the current mismatch between the plant community and the seed bank could impede big sagebrush range expansion into increasingly suitable habitat in the future. C1 [Martyn, Trace E.; Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Burke, Ingrid C.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Biol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.] Univ Basel, Sect Conservat Biol, Dept Environm Sci, St Johanns Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Burke, Ingrid C.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Burke, Ingrid C.] Univ Wyoming, Haub Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Bim Kendall House,804 E Fremont St, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [Martyn, Trace E.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Martyn, TE (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Biol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.; Martyn, TE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM t.martyn@uq.net.au RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU North Central Climate Science Center; US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Wyoming; US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX We thank K. Palmquist for help with multiple revisions of this manuscript. We also thank K. Taylor and L. Lindquist for help in the field and laboratory. Data collection was supported by the North Central Climate Science Center and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. T. E. M. was supported by the University of Wyoming, and J. B. B. was supported by the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01453 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1453 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300003 ER PT J AU Monahan, WB Rosemartin, A Gerst, KL Fisichelli, NA Ault, T Schwartz, MD Gross, JE Weltzin, JF AF Monahan, William B. Rosemartin, Alyssa Gerst, Katharine L. Fisichelli, Nicholas A. Ault, Toby Schwartz, Mark D. Gross, John E. Weltzin, Jake F. TI Climate change is advancing spring onset across the US national park system SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change; landscape context; monitoring; national parks; phenology; protected areas; Special Feature: Science for Our National Parks' Second Century; spring index; United States ID UNITED-STATES; PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSE; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY; PLANT PHENOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; INDEXES; DESERT; TRENDS; FROST AB Many U.S. national parks are already at the extreme warm end of their historical temperature distributions. With rapidly warming conditions, park resource management will be enhanced by information on seasonality of climate that supports adjustments in the timing of activities such as treating invasive species, operating visitor facilities, and scheduling climate-related events (e.g., flower festivals and fall leaf-viewing). Seasonal changes in vegetation, such as pollen, seed, and fruit production, are important drivers of ecological processes in parks, and phenology has thus been identified as a key indicator for park monitoring. Phenology is also one of the most proximate biological responses to climate change. Here, we use estimates of start of spring based on climatically modeled dates of first leaf and first bloom derived from indicator plant species to evaluate the recent timing of spring onset (past 10-30 yr) in each U.S. natural resource park relative to its historical range of variability across the past 112 yr (1901-2012). Of the 276 high latitude to subtropical parks examined, spring is advancing in approximately three-quarters of parks (76%), and 53% of parks are experiencing "extreme" early springs that exceed 95% of historical conditions. Our results demonstrate how changes in climate seasonality are important for understanding ecological responses to climate change, and further how spatial variability in effects of climate change necessitates different approaches to management. We discuss how our results inform climate change adaptation challenges and opportunities facing parks, with implications for other protected areas, by exploring consequences for resource management and planning. C1 [Monahan, William B.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Div, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci, 1201 Oakridge Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Monahan, William B.] Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, USDA, 2150A Ctr Ave,Suite 331, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rosemartin, Alyssa; Gerst, Katharine L.] USA Natl Phenol Network, Natl Coordinating Off, 1311 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rosemartin, Alyssa; Gerst, Katharine L.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fisichelli, Nicholas A.; Gross, John E.] Natl Pk Serv, Climate Change Response Program, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci, 1201 Oakridge Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Fisichelli, Nicholas A.] Acad Natl Pk, Schood Inst, Forest Ecol Program, POB 277, Winter Harbor, ME 04693 USA. [Ault, Toby] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1113 Bradfield, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Weltzin, Jake F.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Monahan, WB (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Div, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci, 1201 Oakridge Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.; Monahan, WB (reprint author), Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, USDA, 2150A Ctr Ave,Suite 331, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM wmonahan@fs.fed.us FU NPS landscape dynamics monitoring project, NPScape; NASA-NPS Landscape Climate Change Vulnerability Project (NASA Applied Sciences program) [10-BIOCLIM10-0034]; United States Geological Survey [G14AC00405] FX This work was supported by the NPS landscape dynamics monitoring project, NPScape, the NASA-NPS Landscape Climate Change Vulnerability Project (NASA Applied Sciences program award number 10-BIOCLIM10-0034), and by Cooperative Agreement (G14AC00405) from the United States Geological Survey to the University of Arizona. The SI-x models were developed using phenological data that are now available from the National Phenology Database at the USA National Phenology Network. We thank reviewers and colleagues who provided comments that greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript: Timothy Assal, Jherime Kellermann, Abraham Miller-Rushing, Jeff Morisette, David Thoma, and John Paul Schmit. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 28 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01465 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1465 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300008 ER PT J AU Paschoal, AMO Massara, RL Bailey, LL Kendall, WL Doherty, PF Hirsch, A Chiarello, AG Paglia, AP AF Paschoal, Ana Maria O. Massara, Rodrigo L. Bailey, Larissa L. Kendall, William L. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. Hirsch, Andre Chiarello, Adriano G. Paglia, Adriano P. TI Use of Atlantic Forest protected areas by free-ranging dogs: estimating abundance and persistence of use SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Brazil; camera traps; conservation; exotic species; invasive species; management; Neotropical Forest; reserves; robust design mark-recapture; subsidized predator ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ROAMING DOMESTIC DOGS; CANIS-FAMILIARIS; ROBUST DESIGN; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; TROPICAL FORESTS; MARKED ANIMALS; HOME-RANGE; POPULATIONS AB Worldwide, domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are one of the most common carnivoran species in natural areas and their populations are still increasing. Dogs have been shown to impact wildlife populations negatively, and their occurrence can alter the abundance, behavior, and activity patterns of native species. However, little is known about abundance and density of the free-ranging dogs that use protected areas. Here, we used camera trap data with an open-robust design mark-recapture model to estimate the number of dogs that used protected areas in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We estimated the time period these dogs used the protected areas, and explored factors that influenced the probability of continued use (e.g., season, mammal richness, proportion of forest), while accounting for variation in detection probability. Dogs in the studied system were categorized as rural free-ranging, and their abundance varied widely across protected areas (0-73 individuals). Dogs used protected areas near human houses for longer periods (e.g., >50% of sampling occasions) compared to more distant areas. We found no evidence that their probability of continued use varied with season or mammal richness. Dog detection probability decreased linearly among occasions, possibly due to the owners confining their dogs after becoming aware of our presence. Comparing our estimates to those for native carnivoran, we found that dogs were three to 85 times more abundant than ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), two to 25 times more abundant than puma (Puma concolor), and approximately five times more abundant than the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). Combining camera trapping data with modern mark-recapture methods provides important demographic information on free-ranging dogs that can guide management strategies to directly control dogs' abundance and ranging behavior. C1 [Paschoal, Ana Maria O.; Massara, Rodrigo L.; Paglia, Adriano P.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biol Geral, Lab Ecol & Conservacao, Ave Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Paschoal, Ana Maria O.; Massara, Rodrigo L.] Inst SerraDiCal Pesquisa & Conservacao, Rua Jose Hemeterio de Andrade 570, BR-30493180 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Paschoal, Ana Maria O.; Massara, Rodrigo L.; Bailey, Larissa L.; Doherty, Paul F., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery,109 Wagar, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hirsch, Andre] Univ Fed Sao Joao Del Rei, Programa Inst Bioengn, Km 47 Rodovia MG 424, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. [Chiarello, Adriano G.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, Dept Biol, Ave Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. RP Paschoal, AMO (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biol Geral, Lab Ecol & Conservacao, Ave Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.; Paschoal, AMO (reprint author), Inst SerraDiCal Pesquisa & Conservacao, Rua Jose Hemeterio de Andrade 570, BR-30493180 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.; Paschoal, AMO (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery,109 Wagar, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM anamuzenza@gmail.com RI Paglia, Adriano/A-7965-2012; Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; OI Paglia, Adriano/0000-0001-9957-5506; Hirsch, Andre /0000-0001-9237-201X; Chiarello, Adriano/0000-0003-1914-5480; Massara, Rodrigo/0000-0003-1221-2185 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [CNPq 472802/2010-0]; FAPEMIG; Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas Gerais (PUC MG); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Brazilian Science Council (CNPq) [305902/2014-8]; Fundacao Biodiversitas; Associacao Preserve Muriqui; Mineiracao Curimbaba; Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF); Cenibra FX This study was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq 472802/2010-0) and FAPEMIG. We thank Colorado State University and the Dr. Jim Lyons (USGS), Dr. Flavio H. G. Rodrigues (UFMG), Dr. Mauro G. Rodrigues (UNESP), members of the Bailey and Doherty laboratories and three anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments that helped to improve the manuscript. We also thank our field assistant, Julianna Leticia Santos, and other local volunteers. Support for this study was provided by Fundacao Biodiversitas, Associacao Preserve Muriqui, Mineiracao Curimbaba, Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF), Cenibra, Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas Gerais (PUC MG), and Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Ana Maria O. Paschoal was funded by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES). Dr. Adriano G. Chiarello has a scholarship from the Brazilian Science Council (CNPq; 305902/2014-8). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01480 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1480 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300020 ER PT J AU Sawyer, H Middleton, AD Hayes, MM Kauffman, MJ Monteith, KL AF Sawyer, Hall Middleton, Arthur D. Hayes, Matthew M. Kauffman, Matthew J. Monteith, Kevin L. TI The extra mile: Ungulate migration distance alters the use of seasonal range and exposure to anthropogenic risk SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE carrying capacity; long-distance migration; mule deer; partial migration; seasonal ranges; ungulate migration ID MULE DEER; PREDATION RISK; NORTHWEST COLORADO; RESIDENT ELK; PATTERNS; FORAGE; POPULATION; PRONGHORN; EVOLUTION; MOVEMENT AB Partial migration occurs across a variety of taxa and has important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Among ungulates, studies of partially migratory populations have allowed researchers to compare and contrast performance metrics of migrants versus residents and examine how environmental factors influence the relative abundance of each. Such studies tend to characterize animals discretely as either migratory or resident, but we suggest that variable migration distances within migratory herds are an important and overlooked form of population structure, with potential consequences for animal fitness. We examined whether the variation in individual migration distances (20-264 km) within a single wintering population of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) was associated with several critical behavioral attributes of migration, including timing of migration, time allocation to seasonal ranges, and exposure to anthropogenic mortality risks. Both the timing of migration and the amount of time animals allocated to seasonal ranges varied with migration distance. Animals migrating long distances (150-250 km) initiated spring migration more than three weeks before than those migrating moderate (50-150 km) or short distances (< 50 km). Across an entire year, long-distance migrants spent approximately 100 more days migrating compared to moderate-and short-distance migrants. Relatedly, winter residency of long-distance migrants was 71 d fewer than for animals migrating shorter distances. Exposure to anthropogenic mortality factors, including highways and fences, was high for long-distance migrants, whereas vulnerability to harvest was high for short-and moderate-distance migrants. By reducing the amount of time that animals spend on winter range, long-distance migration may alleviate intraspecific competition for limited forage and effectively increase carrying capacity. Clear differences in winter residency, migration duration, and risk of anthropogenic mortality among short-, moderate-, and long-distance migrants suggest fitness trade-offs may exist among migratory segments of the population. Future studies of partial migration may benefit from expanding comparisons of residents and migrants, to consider how variable migration distances of migrants may influence the costs and benefits of migration. C1 [Sawyer, Hall] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, 200 South 2nd St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Middleton, Arthur D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Hilgard Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hayes, Matthew M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.; Monteith, Kevin L.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Monteith, Kevin L.] Univ Wyoming, Haub Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, 200 South 2nd St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM hsawyer@west-inc.com FU Rock Springs Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management FX We thank Patrick Burke, Dean Clause, Therese Hartman, Rusty Kaiser, Lorraine Keith, Mark Snyder, Mark Thonhoff, and Mark Zornes for logistical support. We appreciate the excellent survey and capture work provided by Native Range Capture Services. We thank the Wyoming Migration Initiative and University of Oregon InfoGraphics Lab for mapping assistance. Funding for this study was provided by the Rock Springs Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01534 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1534 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300059 ER PT J AU Spendelow, JA Monticelli, D Nichols, JD Hines, JE Nisbet, ICT Cormons, G Hays, H Hatch, JJ Mostello, CS AF Spendelow, Jeffrey A. Monticelli, David Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. Nisbet, Ian C. T. Cormons, Grace Hays, Helen Hatch, Jeremy J. Mostello, Carolyn S. TI Roseate Tern breeding dispersal and fidelity: responses to two newly restored colony sites SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE breeding dispersal; colony-site fidelity; metapopulation dynamics; multistate capture-recapture models; Roseate Tern; spatial variation; Sterna dougallii; temporal variation ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; ADULT SURVIVAL; COMMON TERNS; STERNA-HIRUNDO; AUDOUINS GULL; METAPOPULATION; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION; DYNAMICS AB We used 22 yr of capture-mark-reencounter (CMR) data collected from 1988 to 2009 on about 12,500 birds at what went from three to five coastal colony sites in Massachusetts, New York, and Connecticut, United States, to examine spatial and temporal variation in breeding dispersal/fidelity rates of adult Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii). At the start of our study, Roseate Terns nested at only one site (Bird Island) in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, but two more sites in this bay (Ram and Penikese Islands) were subsequently recolonized and became incorporated into our CMR metapopulation study. We examined four major hypotheses about factors we thought might influence colony-site fidelity and movement rates in the restructured system. We found some evidence that colony-site fidelity remained higher at long-established sites compared with newer ones and that breeding dispersal was more likely to occur among nearby sites than distant ones. Sustained predation at Falkner Island, Connecticut, did not result in a sustained drop in fidelity rates of breeders. Patterns of breeding dispersal differed substantially at the two restored sites. The fidelity of Roseate Terns at Bird dropped quickly after nearby Ram was recolonized in 1994, and fidelity rates for Ram soon approached those for Bird. After an oil spill in Buzzards Bay in April 2003, hazing (deliberate disturbance) of the terns at Ram prior to the start of egg-laying resulted in lowering of fidelity at this site, a decrease in immigration from Bird, and recolonization of Penikese by Roseate Terns. Annual fidelity rates at Penikese increased somewhat several years after the initial recolonization, but they remained much lower there than at all the other sites throughout the study period. The sustained high annual rates of emigration from Penikese resulted in the eventual failure of the restoration effort there, and in 2013, no Roseate Terns nested at this site. C1 [Spendelow, Jeffrey A.; Nichols, James D.; Hines, James E.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Monticelli, David] Univ Coimbra, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Ciencias Vida, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. [Nisbet, Ian C. T.] ICT Nisbet & Co, 150 Alder Lane, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. [Cormons, Grace] 26201 Dennis Rd, Parksley, VA 23421 USA. [Hays, Helen] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Great Gull Isl Project, Cent Pk West & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Hatch, Jeremy J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Mostello, Carolyn S.] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01591 USA. RP Monticelli, D (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Ciencias Vida, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. EM monticelli.david@gmail.com FU USFWS; Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal); European Social Fund (POPH, EU) through a postdoctoral grant [SFRH/BPD/66672/2009]; American Museum of Natural History; Connecticut Audubon Society; Connecticut Chapter of the Nature Conservancy; Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Fulton Foundation; Little Harbor Laboratory; Massachusetts Audubon Society; Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife; Menunkatuck Audubon Society; National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program; New Bedford Harbor Trustee Council; University of Massachusetts; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Valley Shore Waterfowlers FX We thank all those who assisted with the banding and resighting of Roseate Terns at our study sites from 1988 to 2009 and those who collected nest count data at all colony sites in our study area from 1988 to 2013. We also thank (in alphabetical order) the American Museum of Natural History, Connecticut Audubon Society, Connecticut Chapter of the Nature Conservancy, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Fulton Foundation, Little Harbor Laboratory, Massachusetts Audubon Society, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Menunkatuck Audubon Society, National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program, New Bedford Harbor Trustee Council, University of Massachusetts, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, and Valley Shore Waterfowlers for permits or for logistic and/or financial support of the fieldwork over the years. Veronica Varela helped obtain funding from the USFWS for data entry of the CMR data collected after 2000, and Jim Lyons and four anonymous reviewers made helpful comments on various drafts of the manuscript. D. Monticelli was supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) and the European Social Fund (POPH, EU) through a postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/66672/2009). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01510 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1510 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300045 ER PT J AU Tredennick, AT Hooten, MB Aldridge, CL Homer, CG Kleinhesselink, AR Adler, PB AF Tredennick, Andrew T. Hooten, Mevin B. Aldridge, Cameron L. Homer, Collin G. Kleinhesselink, Andrew R. Adler, Peter B. TI Forecasting climate change impacts on plant populations over large spatial extents SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; climate change; dimension reduction; forecasting; population model; remote sensing; sagebrush; spatiotemporal model ID SAGEBRUSH ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; INTEGRAL PROJECTION MODELS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MOUNTAIN BIG SAGEBRUSH; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; BAYESIAN MODEL; DYNAMICS; RESPONSES; FUTURE; GROWTH AB Plant population models are powerful tools for predicting climate change impacts in one location, but are difficult to apply at landscape scales. We overcome this limitation by taking advantage of two recent advances: remotely sensed, species-specific estimates of plant cover and statistical models developed for spatiotemporal dynamics of animal populations. Using computationally efficient model reparameterizations, we fit a spatiotemporal population model to a 28-year time series of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) percent cover over a 2.5 x 5 km landscape in southwestern Wyoming while formally accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We include interannual variation in precipitation and temperature as covariates in the model to investigate how climate affects the cover of sagebrush. We then use the model to forecast the future abundance of sagebrush at the landscape scale under projected climate change, generating spatially explicit estimates of sagebrush population trajectories that have, until now, been impossible to produce at this scale. Our broadscale and long-term predictions are rooted in small-scale and short-term population dynamics and provide an alternative to predictions offered by species distribution models that do not include population dynamics. Our approach, which combines several existing techniques in a novel way, demonstrates the use of remote sensing data to model population responses to environmental change that play out at spatial scales far greater than the traditional field study plot. C1 [Tredennick, Andrew T.; Kleinhesselink, Andrew R.; Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Tredennick, Andrew T.; Kleinhesselink, Andrew R.; Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Homer, Collin G.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tredennick, AT (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Tredennick, AT (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM atredenn@gmail.com RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; OI Tredennick, Andrew/0000-0003-1254-3339 FU National Science Foundation CAREER award [DEB-1054040]; NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology [DBI-1400370]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University [8856] FX This work is the outcome of a distributed graduate seminar led by PBA and supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER award (DEB-1054040). David T. Iles, Eric LaMalfa, and Rebecca Mann participated in project conception as part of the distributed graduate seminar and provided comments that improved the manuscript. ATT was supported by an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology (DBI-1400370), and AK was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. Additional support came from the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, and this article is approved as journal paper number 8856. We are grateful to Debra K. Meyer at USGS EROS for extracting the data set used in this study and to David Koons and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. Compute, storage, and other resources from the Division of Research Computing in the Office of Research and Graduate Studies at Utah State University are gratefully acknowledged. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Appendix S1: Table S1) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01525 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1525 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300054 ER PT J AU van Toor, ML Newman, SH Takekawa, JY Wegmann, M Safi, K AF van Toor, Marielle L. Newman, Scott H. Takekawa, John Y. Wegmann, Martin Safi, Kamran TI Temporal segmentation of animal trajectories informed by habitat use SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Anas crecca; animal movement; common teal; habitat use; life history; migration; niche dynamics; random forest models; segmentation; simulation; species distribution model; transferability ID ECOLOGICAL NICHES; DISTRIBUTIONS; MOVEMENT; EVOLUTION; MIGRATION; MODELS AB Most animals live in seasonal environments and experience very different conditions throughout the year. Behavioral strategies like migration, hibernation, and a life cycle adapted to the local seasonality help to cope with fluctuations in environmental conditions. Thus, how an individual utilizes the environment depends both on the current availability of habitat and the behavioral prerequisites of the individual at that time. While the increasing availability and richness of animal movement data has facilitated the development of algorithms that classify behavior by movement geometry, changes in the environmental correlates of animal movement have so far not been exploited for a behavioral annotation. Here, we suggest a method that uses these changes in individual-environment associations to divide animal location data into segments of higher ecological coherence, which we term niche segmentation. We use time series of random forest models to evaluate the transferability of habitat use over time to cluster observational data accordingly. We show that our method is able to identify relevant changes in habitat use corresponding to both changes in the availability of habitat and how it was used using simulated data, and apply our method to a tracking data set of common teal (Anas crecca). The niche segmentation proved to be robust, and segmented habitat suitability outperformed models neglecting the temporal dynamics of habitat use. Overall, we show that it is possible to classify animal trajectories based on changes of habitat use similar to geometric segmentation algorithms. We conclude that such an environmentally informed classification of animal trajectories can provide new insights into an individuals' behavior and enables us to make sensible predictions of how suitable areas might be connected by movement in space and time. C1 [van Toor, Marielle L.; Safi, Kamran] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, Obstberg 1, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [van Toor, Marielle L.; Safi, Kamran] Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, Univ Str 10, D-78464 Constance, Germany. [Newman, Scott H.] Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, Food & Agr Org United Nations, 3 Nguyen Gia Thieu St, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Natl Audubon Soc, Sci Div, 220 Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Wegmann, Martin] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol, Dept Remote Sensing, Campus Hubland Nord 86, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP van Toor, ML (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, Obstberg 1, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany.; van Toor, ML (reprint author), Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, Univ Str 10, D-78464 Constance, Germany. EM mvantoor@orn.mpg.de OI Safi, Kamran/0000-0002-8418-6759 FU International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology FX This work was made possible by the efforts of the many cooperating scientists in China, Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, and Turkey who assisted the Wildlife Health and Ecology Program at FAO and USGS in collection of the tracking data with ecological findings provided in other reports and papers. We are grateful to Bart Kranstauber and Martin Wikelski for helpful discussions and to Rolf Weinzierl for his assistance with the Movebank EnvDATA-System. We are also indebted to Karin Gross and Markus Rampp for their support at the ends of the computing center of the Max Planck Society. Bjorn Reineking and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on a previous version of the manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government or FAO. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This study reanalyzed several data sets from FAO and USGS published studies; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee details are available in the original publications. MLvT was supported by the International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2016 VL 7 IS 10 AR e01498 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1498 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2TU UT WOS:000387216300036 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Chalmers, AT Mack, TJ Smith, TE Harte, PT AF Shanley, James B. Chalmers, Ann T. Mack, Thomas J. Smith, Thor E. Harte, Philip T. TI GROUNDWATER LEVEL TRENDS AND DRIVERS IN TWO NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND GLACIAL AQUIFERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate variability/change; groundwater hydrology; snow hydrology; aquifer characteristics; watersheds; headwaters ID GLOBAL WATER CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES; US NORTHEAST; CLIMATE; RIVER; INTENSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; PROJECTIONS; SNOWMELT AB We evaluated long-term trends and predictors of groundwater levels by month from two well studied northern New England forested headwater glacial aquifers: Sleepers River, Vermont, 44 wells, 1992-2013; and Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, 15 wells, 1979-2004. Based on Kendall Tau tests with Sen slope determination, a surprising number of well-month combinations had negative trends (decreasing water levels) over the respective periods. Sleepers River had slightly more positive than negative trends overall, but among the significant trends (p < 0.1), negative trends dominated 67 to 40. At Hubbard Brook, negative trends outnumbered positive trends by a nearly 2:1 margin and all seven of the significant trends were negative. The negative trends occurred despite generally increasing trends in monthly and annual precipitation. This counterintuitive pattern may be a result of increased precipitation intensity causing higher runoff at the expense of recharge, such that evapotranspiration demand draws down groundwater storage. We evaluated predictors of month-end water levels by multiple regression of 18 variables related to climate, streamflow, snowpack, and prior month water level. Monthly flow and prior month water level were the two strongest predictors for most months at both sites. The predictive power and ready availability of streamflow data can be exploited as a proxy to extend limited groundwater level records over longer time periods. C1 [Shanley, James B.; Chalmers, Ann T.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, 87 State St, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Mack, Thomas J.; Smith, Thor E.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Harte, Philip T.] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, 87 State St, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov FU USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program of the Climate and Land Use Mission Area; USGS Office of Groundwater FX Sleepers River data collection is supported by the USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program of the Climate and Land Use Mission Area. Funding for this specific data analysis was provided by the USGS Office of Groundwater. We thank Bill Thomas and Dave Langmaid, and Dave's horse Kate for help with well installation, as well as Jon Denner and Stew Clark for assistance in installation and operation of the well network and collection of hydrometeorological data that made this analysis possible. For Hubbard Brook data we gratefully acknowledge the help of Don Buso, Don Rosenberry, Tammy Wooster, and Renee Parkhurst for providing and checking the groundwater data, and the U.S. Forest Service Hubbard Brook website for meteorological and flow data. Laura Medalie and Mark Green offered helpful suggestions on statistical approaches. Serena Matt, and Buddy Price helped with data compilation and computation, and Matt Cheney assisted in figure drafting. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the three journal reviewers, and we are particularly indebted to Roh Dudley for his thorough and insightful review. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1012 EP 1030 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12432 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EB2EL UT WOS:000387170400002 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, Gregory J. Wolock, David M. TI VARIABILITY AND TRENDS IN RUNOFF EFFICIENCY IN THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE runoff efficiency; runoff; climate variability; climate trends ID LAND-USE CHANGE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; STREAMFLOW; CLIMATE; BASIN AB Variability and trends in water-year runoff efficiency (RE) - computed as the ratio of water-year runoff (streamflow per unit area) to water-year precipitation - in the conterminous United States (CONUS) are examined for the 1951 through 2012 period. Changes in RE are analyzed using runoff and precipitation data aggregated to United States Geological Survey 8-digit hydrologic cataloging units (HUs). Results indicate increases in RE for some regions in the north-central CONUS and large decreases in RE for the south-central CONUS. The increases in RE in the north-central CONUS are explained by trends in climate, whereas the large decreases in RE in the south-central CONUS likely are related to groundwater withdrawals from the Ogallala aquifer to support irrigated agriculture. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Cent Branch, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Cent Branch, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1046 EP 1055 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12431 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EB2EL UT WOS:000387170400004 ER PT J AU Forsyth, DK Riseng, CM Wehrly, KE Mason, LA Gaiot, J Hollenhorst, T Johnston, CM Wyrzykowski, C Annis, G Castiglione, C Todd, K Robertson, M Infante, DM Wang, LZ McKenna, JE Whelan, G AF Forsyth, Danielle K. Riseng, Catherine M. Wehrly, Kevin E. Mason, Lacey A. Gaiot, John Hollenhorst, Torn Johnston, Craig M. Wyrzykowski, Conrad Annis, Gust Castiglione, Chris Todd, Kent Robertson, Mike Infante, Dana M. Wang, Lizhu McKenna, James E. Whelan, Gary TI THE GREAT LAKES HYDROGRAPHY DATASET: CONSISTENT, BINATIONAL WATERSHEDS FOR THE LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES BASIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE watersheds; Laurentian Great Lakes; Geographic Information System (GIS); surface water hydrology ID NEARSHORE AB Ecosystem-based management of the Laurentian Great Lakes, which spans both the United States and Canada, is hampered by the lack of consistent binational watersheds for the entire Basin. Using comparable data sources and consistent methods, we developed spatially equivalent watershed boundaries for the binational extent of the Basin to create the Great Lakes Hydrography Dataset (GLHD). The GLHD consists of 5,589 watersheds for the entire Basin, covering a total area of approximately 547,967 km(2), or about twice the 247,003 km2 surface water area of the Great Lakes. The GLHD improves upon existing watershed efforts by delineating watersheds for the entire Basin using consistent methods; enhancing the precision of watershed delineation using recently developed flow direction grids that have been hydrologically enforced and vetted by provincial and federal water resource agencies; and increasing the accuracy of watershed boundaries by enforcing embayments, delineating watersheds on islands, and delineating watersheds for all tributaries draining to connecting channels. In addition, the GLHD is packaged in a publically available geodatabase that includes synthetic stream networks, reach catchments, watershed boundaries, a broad set of attribute data for each tributary, and metadata documenting methodology. The GLHD provides a common set of watersheds and associated hydrography data for the Basin that will enhance binational efforts to protect and restore the Great Lakes. C1 [Forsyth, Danielle K.; Wehrly, Kevin E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, 400 North Ingalls Bldg,NIB G250, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Forsyth, Danielle K.; Wehrly, Kevin E.] Univ Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Bldg,NIB G250, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Riseng, Catherine M.; Mason, Lacey A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gaiot, John; Todd, Kent; Robertson, Mike] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada. [Hollenhorst, Torn] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Johnston, Craig M.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Wyrzykowski, Conrad] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G7, Canada. [Annis, Gust] Nat Conservancy Michigan, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Castiglione, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Basom, NY 14013 USA. [Infante, Dana M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wang, Lizhu] Int Joint Commiss, Great Lakes Off, Detroit, MI 48232 USA. [McKenna, James E.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Whelan, Gary] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Div Fisheries, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. RP Forsyth, DK (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, 400 North Ingalls Bldg,NIB G250, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Forsyth, DK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Bldg,NIB G250, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ForsythDl@Michigan.gov RI Forsyth, Danielle/E-4706-2015; OI Forsyth, Danielle/0000-0001-9878-7320; Mason, Lacey/0000-0003-1541-3134 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; International Joint Commission; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Environment Canada; Nature Conservancy; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; University of Michigan; Michigan State University; University of Minnesota-Duluth; University of Windsor FX We thank Arthur Cooper for his advice and guidance on catchment and watershed development in the GIS environment. This project was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust and received in kind support from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; International Joint Commission, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environment Canada, The Nature Conservancy, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, University of Michigan, Michigan State University, University of Minnesota-Duluth, and University of Windsor. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1068 EP 1088 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12435 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EB2EL UT WOS:000387170400006 ER PT J AU Littell, JS Pederson, GT Gray, ST Tjoelker, M Hamlet, AF Woodhouse, CA AF Littell, Jeremy S. Pederson, Gregory T. Gray, Stephen T. Tjoelker, Michael Hamlet, Alan F. Woodhouse, Connie A. TI RECONSTRUCTIONS OF COLUMBIA RIVER STREAMFLOW FROM TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate variability; climate change; dendrochronology; drought; snow hydrology; paleoclimate; streamflow; water supply ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; WATER-RESOURCES; PRECIPITATION; FLOW; TEMPERATURE; BASIN; AMERICA; IMPACTS; DROUGHT AB We developed Columbia River streamflow reconstructions using a network of existing, new, and updated tree-ring records sensitive to the main climatic factors governing discharge. Reconstruction quality is enhanced by incorporating tree-ring chronologies where high snowpack limits growth, which better represent the contribution of cool-season precipitation to flow than chronologies from trees positively sensitive to hydroclimate alone. The best performing reconstruction (back to 1609 CE) explains 59% of the historical variability and the longest reconstruction (back to 1502 CE) explains 52% of the variability. Droughts similar to the high-intensity, long-duration low flows observed during the 1920s and 1940s are rare, but occurred in the early 1500s and 1630s-1640s. The lowest Columbia flow events appear to be reflected in chronologies both positively and negatively related to streamflow, implying low snowpack and possibly low warm-season precipitation. High flows of magnitudes observed in the instrumental record appear to have been relatively common, and high flows from the 1680s to 1740s exceeded the magnitude and duration of observed wet periods in the late-19th and 20th Century. Comparisons between the Columbia River reconstructions and future projections of streamflow derived from global climate and hydrologic models show the potential for increased hydrologic variability, which could present challenges for managing water in the face of competing demands. C1 [Littell, Jeremy S.; Gray, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, DOI Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Tjoelker, Michael] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, FRAMES, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Littell, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DOI Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jlittell@usgs.gov FU NOAA CPO SARP [NA070AR4310371]; University of Washington Climate Impacts Group; Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center FX This study was partially funded through NOAA CPO SARP (NA070AR4310371, N. Mantua, J. Littell, and A. Hamlet). This publication was partially funded by the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group and the Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center. We thank Contributors of the International Tree-Ring Data Bank, IGBP PAGESAVorld Data Center for Paleoclimatology, NOAANCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder, Colorado, USA Andrew Bunn evaluated code for estimating EOF/PC degrees of freedom. We thank Greg McCabe, Jeff Lukas, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is fbr descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government, NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1121 EP 1141 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12442 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EB2EL UT WOS:000387170400009 ER PT J AU Tullos, DD Collins, MJ Bellmore, JR Bountry, JA Connolly, PJ Shafroth, PB Wilcox, AC AF Tullos, Desiree D. Collins, MathMathias J. Bellmore, J. Ryan Bountry, Jennifer A. Connolly, Patrick J. Shafroth, Patrick B. Wilcox, Andrew C. TI SYNTHESIS OF COMMON MANAGEMENT CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH DAM REMOVAL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sediment management; headcut; aggradation; reservoir erosion; reservoir drawdown; wells; turbidity; nonnative plants; invasive fish; dam removal; river restoration ID LOW-HEAD DAM; WHITE SALMON RIVER; FRESH-WATER FISH; ELWHA RIVER; VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONDIT DAM; SEDIMENT; CHANNEL; WASHINGTON AB Managers make decisions regarding if and how to remove dams in spite of uncertainty surrounding physical and ecological responses, and stakeholders often raise concerns about certain negative effects, regardless of whether these concerns are warranted at a particular site. We used a dam-removal science database supplemented with other information sources to explore seven frequently raised concerns, herein Common Management Concerns (CMCs). We investigate the occurrence of these concerns and the contributing biophysical controls. The CMCs addressed are the following: degree and rate of reservoir sediment erosion, excessive channel incision upstream of reservoirs, downstream sediment aggradation, elevated downstream turbidity, drawdown impacts on local water infrastructure, colonization of reservoir sediments by nonnative plants, and expansion of invasive fish. Biophysical controls emerged for some of the concerns, providing managers with information to assess whether a given concern is likely to occur at a site. To fully assess CMC risk, managers should concurrently evaluate site conditions and identify the ecosystem or human uses that will be negatively affected if the biophysical phenomenon producing the CMC occurs. We show how many CMCs have one or more controls in common, facilitating the identification of multiple risks at a site, and demonstrate why CMC risks should be considered in the context of other factors such as natural watershed variability and disturbance history. C1 [Tullos, Desiree D.] Oregon State Univ, Biol & Ecol Engn Dept, 116 Gilmore Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Collins, MathMathias J.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Bellmore, J. Ryan] US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bountry, Jennifer A.] US Bur Reclamat, Sedimentat & River Hydraul Grp, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wilcox, Andrew C.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Tullos, DD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Biol & Ecol Engn Dept, 116 Gilmore Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM desiree.tullos@oregonstate.edu OI Wilcox, Andrew C./0000-0002-6241-8977; Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 NR 138 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 33 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1206 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12450 PG 28 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EB2EL UT WOS:000387170400013 ER PT J AU Konrad, CP Munn, MD AF Konrad, Christopher P. Munn, Mark D. TI INTEGRATING SEASONAL INFORMATION ON NUTRIENTS AND BENTHIC ALGAL BIOMASS INTO STREAM WATER QUALITY MONITORING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE algae; nutrients; monitoring; rivers/streams ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; PERIPHYTON; ENTRAINMENT; VARIABILITY; METABOLISM; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Benthic chlorophyll a (BChl a) and environmental factors that influence algal biomass were measured monthly from February through October in 22 streams from three agricultural regions of the United States. At-site maximum BChl a ranged from 14 to 406 mg/m(2) and generally varied with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN): 8 out of 9 sites with at-site median DIN >0.5 mg/L had maximum BChl a >100 mg/m(2). BChl a accrued and persisted at levels within 50% of at-site maximum for only one to three months. No dominant seasonal pattern for algal biomass accrual was observed in any region. A linear model with DIN, water surface gradient, and velocity accounted for most of the cross-site variation in maximum chlorophyll a (adjusted R-2 = 0.7), but was no better than a single value of DIN = 0.5 mg/L for distinguishing between low and high-biomass sites. Studies of nutrient enrichment require multiple samples to estimate algal biomass with sufficient precision given the magnitude of temporal variability of algal biomass. An effective strategy for regional stream assessment of nutrient enrichment could be based on a relation between maximum BChl a and DIN based on repeat sampling at sites selected to represent a gradient in nutrients and application of the relation to a larger number of sites with synoptic nutrient information. C1 [Konrad, Christopher P.; Munn, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Konrad, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM cpkonrad@usgs.gov OI Konrad, Christopher/0000-0002-7354-547X NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1223 EP 1237 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12451 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EB2EL UT WOS:000387170400015 ER PT J AU Choi, CY Takekawa, JY Prosser, DJ Smith, LM Ely, CR Fox, AD Cao, L Wang, X Batbayar, N Natsagdorj, T Xiao, XM AF Choi, Chang-Yong Takekawa, John Y. Prosser, Diann J. Smith, Lacy M. Ely, Craig R. Fox, Anthony D. Cao, Lei Wang, Xin Batbayar, Nyambayar Natsagdorj, Tseveenmayadag Xiao, Xiangming TI Chewing Lice of Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides): New Host-Parasite Associations SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trinoton anserinum; Ornithobius domesticus; Anaticola anseris; chewing louse; swan goose ID TRINOTON-ANSERINUM; PHTHIRAPTERA; MALLOPHAGA; HEARTWORM AB Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) that parasitize the globally threatened swan goose Anser cygnoides have been long recognized since the early 19th century, but those records were probably biased towards sampling of captive or domestic geese due to the small population size and limited distribution of its wild hosts. To better understand the lice species parasitizing swan geese that are endemic to East Asia, we collected chewing lice from 14 wild geese caught at 3 lakes in northeastern Mongolia. The lice were morphologically identified as 16 Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), 11 Ornithobius domesticus Arnold, 2005, and 1 Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758). These species are known from other geese and swans, but all of them were new to the swan goose. This result also indicates no overlap in lice species between older records and our findings from wild birds. Thus, ectoparasites collected from domestic or captive animals may provide biased information on the occurrence, prevalence, host selection, and host-ectoparasite interactions from those on wild hosts. C1 [Choi, Chang-Yong; Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Choi, Chang-Yong; Takekawa, John Y.; Smith, Lacy M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ely, Craig R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Fox, Anthony D.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biosci, DK-8410 Kalo, Ronde, Denmark. [Cao, Lei; Wang, Xin] Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Environm Biotechnol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Batbayar, Nyambayar] Wildlife Sci & Conservat Ctr, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongol Peo Rep. [Natsagdorj, Tseveenmayadag] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Ornithol Lab, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Xiao, XM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM xiangming.xiao@ou.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; University of Oklahoma; National Institutes of Health [1R56TW009502-01]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [1R01AI1010280-1AI]; U.S. Geological Survey, USA [A14-0064] FX We appreciate assistance of the staff of the Wildlife Science and Conservation Center of Mongolia, Korea Institute of Environmental Ecology, and Korean Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs during the field study. This work was led by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and University of Oklahoma, and supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (1R56TW009502-01), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1R01AI1010280-1AI), and U.S. Geological Survey (A14-0064), USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC PARASITOLOGY, SEOUL NATL UNIV COLL MEDI PI SEOUL PA DEPT PARASITOLOGY, SEOUL, 00000, SOUTH KOREA SN 0023-4001 EI 1738-0006 J9 KOREAN J PARASITOL JI Korean J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 54 IS 5 BP 685 EP 691 DI 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.685 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EB7UO UT WOS:000387596400018 PM 27853128 ER PT J AU Pengra, B Gallant, AL Zhu, Z Dahal, D AF Pengra, Bruce Gallant, Alisa L. Zhu, Zhe Dahal, Devendra TI Evaluation of the Initial Thematic Output from a Continuous Change-Detection Algorithm for Use in Automated Operational Land-Change Mapping by the US Geological Survey SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Continuous Change Detection and Classification; USGS Land Cover Trends; training data; Landsat; high-resolution imagery; land cover mapping ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CLOUD SHADOW; SNOW DETECTION; CLIMATE; IMAGES AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has begun the development of operational, 30-m resolution annual thematic land cover data to meet the needs of a variety of land cover data users. The Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) algorithm is being evaluated as the likely methodology following early trials. Data for training and testing of CCDC thematic maps have been provided by the USGS Land Cover Trends (LC Trends) project, which offers sample-based, manually classified thematic land cover data at 2755 probabilistically located sample blocks across the conterminous United States. These samples represent a high quality, well distributed source of data to train the Random Forest classifier invoked by CCDC. We evaluated the suitability of LC Trends data to train the classifier by assessing the agreement of annual land cover maps output from CCDC with output from the LC Trends project within 14 Landsat path/row locations across the conterminous United States. We used a small subset of circa 2000 data from the LC Trends project to train the classifier, reserving the remaining Trends data from 2000, and incorporating LC Trends data from 1992, to evaluate measures of agreement across time, space, and thematic classes, and to characterize disagreement. Overall agreement ranged from 75% to 98% across the path/rows, and results were largely consistent across time. Land cover types that were well represented in the training data tended to have higher rates of agreement between LC Trends and CCDC outputs. Characteristics of disagreement are being used to improve the use of LC Trends data as a continued source of training information for operational production of annual land cover maps. C1 [Pengra, Bruce; Dahal, Devendra] SGT Inc, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gallant, Alisa L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhu, Zhe] Inuteq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhu, Zhe] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, MS 1053,Sci Bldg 125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Pengra, B (reprint author), SGT Inc, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bruce.pengra.ctr@usgs.gov; gallant@usgs.gov; zhezhu@usgs.gov; devendra.dahal.ctr@usgs.gov OI Dahal, Devendra/0000-0001-9594-1249 FU USGS Land Remote Sensing Program; USGS LandCarbon Programs under USGS [G15PC00012, G13PC00028] FX This work was supported with funding from the USGS Land Remote Sensing Program and the USGS LandCarbon Programs, partially under USGS contracts G15PC00012 (B.P. and D.D.) and G13PC00028 (Z.Z.). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 8 IS 10 AR 811 DI 10.3390/rs8100811 PG 33 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA EB4QI UT WOS:000387357300025 ER PT J AU Chen, SL Hu, CM Byrne, RH Robbins, LL Yang, B AF Chen, Shuangling Hu, Chuanmin Byrne, Robert H. Robbins, Lisa L. Yang, Bo TI Remote estimation of surface pCO(2) on the West Florida Shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Surface pCO(2); Satellite remote sensing; MODIS; Chlorophyll; SST; Kd; WFS ID SEA CO2 FLUXES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; NEURAL-NETWORK; IN-SITU; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; COASTAL WATERS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CARIBBEAN SEA AB Surface pCO(2) data from the West Florida Shelf (WFS) have been collected during, 25 cruise surveys between 2003 and 2012. The data were scaled up using remote sensing measurements of surface water properties in order to provide a more nearly synoptic map of pCO(2) spatial distributions and describe their temporal variations. This investigation involved extensive tests of various model forms through parsimony and Principal Component Analysis, which led to the development of a multi-variable empirical surface pCO(2) model based on concurrent MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) estimates of surface chlorophyll a concentrations (CHL, mg m(-3)), diffuse light attenuation at 490 nm (Kd_Lee, m(-1)), and sea surface temperature (SST, degrees C). Validation using an independent dataset showed a pCO(2) Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of < 12 mu atm and a 0.88 coefficient of determination (R-2) for measured and model-predicted pCO(2) ranging from 300 to 550 atm. The model was more sensitive to SST than to CHL and Kd_Lee, with a 1 degrees C change in SST leading to a similar to 16 mu atm change in the predicted pCO(2). Application of the model to the entire WFS MODIS time series between 2002 and 2014 showed clear seasonality, with maxima (similar to 450 mu atm) in summer and minima (similar to 350 mu atm) in winter. The seasonality was positively correlated to SST (high in summer and low in winter) and negatively correlated to CHL and Kd_Lee (high in winter and low in summer). Inter-annual variations of pCO(2) were consistent with inter-annual variations of SST, CHL, and Kd_Lee. These results suggest that surface water pCO(2) of the WFS can be estimated, with known uncertainties, from remote sensing. However, while the general approach of empirical regression may work for waters from other areas of the Gulf of Mexico, model coefficients need to be empirically determined in a similar fashion. C1 [Chen, Shuangling; Hu, Chuanmin; Byrne, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave,South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Robbins, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, 600 4th St,South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Yang, Bo] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave,South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM huc@usf.edu FU USGS [G14PD00047]; University South Florida fellowship-Gulf Oceanographic Charitable Trust Endowed Fellowship in College of Marine Science; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; NASA [NNH13ZDA001N]; SOCAT FX This work was supported by a USGS (G14PD00047) fellowship and a University South Florida fellowship-Gulf Oceanographic Charitable Trust Endowed Fellowship in College of Marine Science. We thank Dr. Xinping Hu (Texas A & M University) for sharing one cruise data in western GOM. LLR thanks the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and NASA grant NNH13ZDA001N for funding data collection and the compilation of GOM data which the authors then used. The pCO2 data can be found at the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas v3 (SOCAT), which is an international effort, supported by the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER), to deliver a uniformly quality-controlled surface ocean CO2 database. The many researchers and funding agencies responsible for the collection of data and quality control are thanked for their contributions to SOCAT. We also thank NASA for providing MODIS satellite data and processing software. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The efforts of two anonymous reviewers, who provided extensive comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript, is greatly appreciated. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 128 BP 10 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2016.09.004 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EA9UO UT WOS:000386990400002 ER PT J AU Apatu, EJI Gregg, CE Wood, NJ Wang, L AF Apatu, Emma J. I. Gregg, Chris E. Wood, Nathan J. Wang, Liang TI Household evacuation characteristics in American Samoa during the 2009 Samoa Islands tsunami SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE American Samoa; coastal communities; evacuation; facilitators; household; impediments; tsunami ID ACTION DECISION-MODEL; PREPAREDNESS; RESPONSES; DISASTER; BEHAVIOR; TIME; RISK AB Tsunamis represent significant threats to human life and development in coastal communities. This quantitative study examines the influence of household characteristics on evacuation actions taken by 211 respondents in American Samoa who were at their homes during the 29 September 2009 M-w 8.1 Samoa Islands earthquake and tsunami disaster. Multiple logistic regression analysis of survey data was used to examine the association between evacuation and various household factors. Findings show that increases in distance to shoreline were associated with a slightly decreased likelihood of evacuation, whereas households reporting higher income had an increased probability of evacuation. The response in American Samoa was an effective one, with only 34 fatalities in a tsunami that reached shore in as little as 15 minutes. Consequently, future research should implement more qualitative study designs to identify event and cultural specific determinants of household evacuation behaviour to local tsunamis. C1 [Apatu, Emma J. I.] Univ North Florida, Dept Publ Hlth, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Gregg, Chris E.] East Tennessee State Univ, Dept Geosci, Johnson City, TN USA. [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wang, Liang] East Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Johnson City, TN USA. RP Apatu, EJI (reprint author), Univ North Florida, Dept Publ Hlth, Brooks Coll Hlth, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. EM emma.apatu@unf.edu OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD OCT PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 779 EP 798 DI 10.1111/disa.12170 PG 20 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA DW5PI UT WOS:000383698000009 PM 26728799 ER PT J AU Yeck, WL Weingarten, M Benz, HM McNamara, DE Bergman, EA Herrmann, RB Rubinstein, JL Earle, PS AF Yeck, W. L. Weingarten, M. Benz, H. M. McNamara, D. E. Bergman, E. A. Herrmann, R. B. Rubinstein, J. L. Earle, P. S. TI Far-field pressurization likely caused one of the largest injection induced earthquakes by reactivating a large preexisting basement fault structure SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE induced seismicity; multiple-event relocations; pore pressure; regional moment tensor; hazard ID WASTE-WATER INJECTION; INDUCED SEISMICITY; CENTRAL OKLAHOMA; UNITED-STATES; RATON BASIN; SEQUENCE; CHILE; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; COLORADO AB The M(w)5.1 Fairview, Oklahoma, earthquake on 13 February 2016 and its associated seismicity produced the largest moment release in the central and eastern United States since the 2011 M(w)5.7 Prague, Oklahoma, earthquake sequence and is one of the largest earthquakes potentially linked to wastewater injection. This energetic sequence has produced five earthquakes with M(w)4.4 or larger. Almost all of these earthquakes occur in Precambrian basement on a partially unmapped 14km long fault. Regional injection into the Arbuckle Group increased approximately sevenfold in the 36months prior to the start of the sequence (January 2015). We suggest far-field pressurization from clustered, high-rate wells greater than 12km from this sequence induced these earthquakes. As compared to the Fairview sequence, seismicity is diffuse near high-rate wells, where pressure changes are expected to be largest. This points to the critical role that preexisting faults play in the occurrence of large induced earthquakes. C1 [Yeck, W. L.; Benz, H. M.; McNamara, D. E.; Earle, P. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Weingarten, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bergman, E. A.] Global Seismol Serv, Golden, CO USA. [Herrmann, R. B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Rubinstein, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yeck, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wyeck@usgs.gov OI Yeck, William/0000-0002-2801-8873; Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 FU USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program; Stanford Center for Induced and Triggered Seismicity FX We thank the seismic analysts at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center for their work documenting this sequence. Thank you to the USGS Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory for their rapid deployment of instrumentation in the Fairview region. Thanks to Austin Holland, George Choy, Cliff Frohlich, and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful reviews of this manuscript. We thank Rob Skoumal for providing data on hydraulic fracture stimulation he compiled from FracFocus in the Fairview region for 2015-2016. This research was supported by the USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. M.W. was supported by the Stanford Center for Induced and Triggered Seismicity. All waveform data used in this study are available at the IRIS DMC. Details on the deployed seismic network [Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL/USGS), 1980] surrounding the Fairview Sequence can be found at http://www.fdsn.org/networks/detail/GS/. Details of USGS products regarding the 13 February M 5.1 Fairview earthquake, including magnitude estimations, Did You Feel It reports, shakemaps, and moment tensor solutions, can be found at http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us20004zy8# general (last accessed 21 May 2016). When applicable, similar data products can be found for all earthquakes reported by the NEIC, whose comprehensive catalog can be accessed at http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/ (last accessed 1 June 2016). The Oklahoma Geological Survey earthquake catalog can be found at http://www.ou.edu/content/ogs/research/earthquakes/catalogs.html (last accessed (8 September 2016). Details on regional moment tensor solutions can be found at NEIC earthquake event pages and at http:// www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/ (last accessed 22 June 2016). The Oklahoma Corporation Commission's wastewater injection volume reduction plans following the 7 January Fairview seismicity can be found at http://www.occeweb.com/News/01-1316ADVISORY.pdf (last accessed 14 June 2016). Details on wells drilled to basement in Oklahoma are provided by the OGS at http://ogs.ou.edu/docs/specialpublications/SP2006-1T1.xls (last accessed 22 June 2016). Information on "Did you Feel It?" data product can be found at "http://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/dyfi/ (last accessed 19 July 2016). Figures 1 and S5 use Ersi World Topographic Map for a base map (sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, Intermap, INCREMENT P, GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, MapmyIndia, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and GIS User Community). Other maps produced using GMT 5 software [Wessel et al., 2013]. Hydraulic fracturing data are available (http://fracfocus.org/). Digital elevation model data shown in Figure 3 are available from the USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 43 IS 19 BP 10198 EP 10207 DI 10.1002/2016GL070861 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EA9CW UT WOS:000386939800051 ER PT J AU Archfield, SA Hirsch, RM Viglione, A Bloschl, G AF Archfield, S. A. Hirsch, R. M. Viglione, A. Bloeschl, G. TI Fragmented patterns of flood change across the United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE floods; trends; climate ID TRENDS; FREQUENCY; MAGNITUDE; EUROPE AB Trends in the peak magnitude, frequency, duration, and volume of frequent floods (floods occurring at an average of two events per year relative to a base period) across the United States show large changes; however, few trends are found to be statistically significant. The multidimensional behavior of flood change across the United States can be described by four distinct groups, with streamgages experiencing (1) minimal change, (2) increasing frequency, (3) decreasing frequency, or (4) increases in all flood properties. Yet group membership shows only weak geographic cohesion. Lack of geographic cohesion is further demonstrated by weak correlations between the temporal patterns of flood change and large-scale climate indices. These findings reveal a complex, fragmented pattern of flood change that, therefore, clouds the ability to make meaningful generalizations about flood change across the United States. C1 [Archfield, S. A.; Hirsch, R. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Viglione, A.; Bloeschl, G.] TU Wien, Ctr Water Resource Syst, Vienna, Austria. [Viglione, A.; Bloeschl, G.] TU Wien, Inst Hydraul Engn & Water Resources Management, Vienna, Austria. RP Archfield, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM sarch@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior WaterSMART Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; European Research Council, FloodChange project (ERC) [291152] FX Financial support has been provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior WaterSMART Program, the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program and also partly provided by the European Research Council, FloodChange project (ERC Advanced grant 291152). The authors declare no competing financial interests. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Information about potential streamgages to use in the study was obtained from Falcone et al. [2010] and available at http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/gagesII_Sept2011.xml. Streamflow data were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System available at 10.5066/F7P55KJN. Climate index data were downloaded from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/climatein-dices/list/. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 43 IS 19 BP 10232 EP 10239 DI 10.1002/2016GL070590 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EA9CW UT WOS:000386939800023 PM 27917010 ER PT J AU Nicolsky, DJ Freymueller, JT Witter, RC Suleimani, EN Koehler, RD AF Nicolsky, D. J. Freymueller, J. T. Witter, R. C. Suleimani, E. N. Koehler, R. D. TI Evidence for shallow megathrust slip across the Unalaska seismic gap during the great 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake, eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tsunami; 1957 earthquake; coseismic slip ID SURFACE DEFORMATION; AFTERSHOCK ZONES; TSUNAMIS; RELEASE; RUPTURE; CYCLES AB We reassess the slip distribution of the 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake in the eastern part of the aftershock zone where published slip models infer little or no slip. Eyewitness reports, tide gauge data, and geological evidence for 9-23m tsunami runups imply seafloor deformation offshore Unalaska Island in 1957, in contrast with previous studies that labeled the area a seismic gap. Here we simulate tsunami dynamics for a suite of deformation models that vary in depth and amount of megathrust slip. Tsunami simulations show that a shallow (5-15km deep) rupture with similar to 20m of slip most closely reproduces the 1957 Dutch Harbor marigram and nearby >18m runup at Sedanka Island marked by stranded drift logs. Slip models >20 km deep predict waves that arrive too soon. Our results imply that shallow slip on the megathrust in 1957 extended east into an area that presently creeps. C1 [Nicolsky, D. J.; Freymueller, J. T.; Suleimani, E. N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Witter, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Koehler, R. D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Nicolsky, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM djnicolsky@alaska.edu FU High Performance Computing (HPC) resources from Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks; USGS [G13 AP00026] FX We would like to thank Paula Dunbar (NCEI/NOAA) and Kelly Stroker (NCEI/ NOAA) for their help with locating the marigrams of the 1957 tsunami and George Mungov (NCEI/NOAA) for his help with estimating the tidal component during the 1957 tsunami in Dutch Harbor. E. Thoms and S-P. La Selle (USGS) produced the digital elevation model used for Stardust Bay. We are thankful to R. Briggs, A. Nelson, an anonymous reviewer, and the Editor for constructive comments that improved the papers clarity, organization, and impact. Numerical calculations for this work were supported by a grant of High Performance Computing (HPC) resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. This research was funded by the USGS award G13 AP00026. The data used are listed in the references, tables, and supplements. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 43 IS 19 BP 10328 EP 10337 DI 10.1002/2016GL070704 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EA9CW UT WOS:000386939800008 ER PT J AU Clement, MJ Hines, JE Nichols, JD Pardieck, KL Ziolkowski, DJ AF Clement, Matthew J. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Pardieck, Keith L. Ziolkowski, David J., Jr. TI Estimating indices of range shifts in birds using dynamic models when detection is imperfect SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding bird survey; climate change; ecological forecasts; Louisiana Waterthrush; occupancy models; Parkesia motacilla; population dynamics; species distribution models ID NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; HETEROGENEOUS DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; LOCAL EXTINCTION; POLEWARD SHIFTS; HABITAT MODELS AB There is intense interest in basic and applied ecology about the effect of global change on current and future species distributions. Projections based on widely used static modeling methods implicitly assume that species are in equilibrium with the environment and that detection during surveys is perfect. We used multiseason correlated detection occupancy models, which avoid these assumptions, to relate climate data to distributional shifts of Louisiana Waterthrush in the North American Breeding Bird Survey ( BBS) data. We summarized these shifts with indices of range size and position and compared them to the same indices obtained using more basic modeling approaches. Detection rates during point counts in BBS surveys were low, and models that ignored imperfect detection severely underestimated the proportion of area occupied and slightly overestimated mean latitude. Static models indicated Louisiana Waterthrush distribution was most closely associated with moderate temperatures, while dynamic occupancy models indicated that initial occupancy was associated with diurnal temperature ranges and colonization of sites was associated with moderate precipitation. Overall, the proportion of area occupied and mean latitude changed little during the 1997-2013 study period. Near-term forecasts of species distribution generated by dynamic models were more similar to subsequently observed distributions than forecasts from static models. Occupancy models incorporating a finite mixture model on detection - a new extension to correlated detection occupancy models - were better supported and may reduce bias associated with detection heterogeneity. We argue that replacing phenomenological static models with more mechanistic dynamic models can improve projections of future species distributions. In turn, better projections can improve biodiversity forecasts, management decisions, and understanding of global change biology. C1 [Clement, Matthew J.; Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.; Pardieck, Keith L.; Ziolkowski, David J., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20770 USA. RP Clement, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20770 USA. EM mclement@gmail.com OI Ziolkowski Jr., David/0000-0002-2500-4417 FU BBS; USGS Northeast Climate Science Center FX We thank the thousands of highly skilled volunteers who have coordinated and performed the North American Breeding Bird Survey for half a century. We also thank the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia for making valuable climate data easily accessible. John Sauer and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments. MJC was financially supported by the BBS and the USGS Northeast Climate Science Center. The contents of this document are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USGS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 22 IS 10 BP 3273 EP 3285 DI 10.1111/gcb.13283 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA5RQ UT WOS:000386680600005 PM 26990459 ER PT J AU Moisen, GG Meyer, MC Schroeder, TA Liao, XY Schleeweis, KG Freeman, EA Toney, C AF Moisen, Gretchen G. Meyer, Mary C. Schroeder, Todd A. Liao, Xiyue Schleeweis, Karen G. Freeman, Elizabeth A. Toney, Chris TI Shape selection in Landsat time series: a tool for monitoring forest dynamics SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attribution; canopy change activities; change agents; forest disturbance; landcover change; R package; regression splines; tree canopy cover ID CONSTRAINED REGRESSION; DISTURBANCE HISTORY; DETECTING TRENDS; COVER; IMAGERY AB We present a new methodology for fitting nonparametric shape-restricted regression splines to time series of Landsat imagery for the purpose of modeling, mapping, and monitoring annual forest disturbance dynamics over nearly three decades. For each pixel and spectral band or index of choice in temporal Landsat data, our method delivers a smoothed rendition of the trajectory constrained to behave in an ecologically sensible manner, reflecting one of seven possible 'shapes'. It also provides parameters summarizing the patterns of each change including year of onset, duration, magnitude, and pre- and postchange rates of growth or recovery. Through a case study featuring fire, harvest, and bark beetle outbreak, we illustrate how resultant fitted values and parameters can be fed into empirical models to map disturbance causal agent and tree canopy cover changes coincident with disturbance events through time. We provide our code in the R package ShapeSelectForest on the Comprehensive R Archival Network and describe our computational approaches for running the method over large geographic areas. We also discuss how this methodology is currently being used for forest disturbance and attribute mapping across the conterminous United States. C1 [Moisen, Gretchen G.; Schroeder, Todd A.; Schleeweis, Karen G.; Freeman, Elizabeth A.; Toney, Chris] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Meyer, Mary C.; Liao, Xiyue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, 212 Stat Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schroeder, Todd A.] US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Moisen, GG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM gmoisen@fs.fed.us FU NASA's Carbon Cycle and Applied Science programs [NNX11AJ78G, NNH14AY63I]; US Forest Service, FIA Program FX The authors would like to thank NASA's Carbon Cycle and Applied Science programs (grant numbers NNX11AJ78G and NNH14AY63I) as well as the very talented scientists and staff at NASA's Earth Exchange, University of Maryland, and the US Forest Service, FIA Program. Thanks also go out to the members of the LCMS team for their efforts pushing change mapping forward in the US. In addition, we are grateful to the anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments helped in our revisions. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 22 IS 10 BP 3518 EP 3528 DI 10.1111/gcb.13358 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA5RQ UT WOS:000386680600023 PM 27185612 ER PT J AU Sibley, SD Finley, MA Baker, BB Puzach, C Armien, AG Giehtbrock, D Goldberg, TL AF Sibley, Samuel D. Finley, Megan A. Baker, Bridget B. Puzach, Corey Armien, Anibal G. Giehtbrock, David Goldberg, Tony L. TI Novel reovirus associated with epidemic mortality in wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-GENOME ANALYSIS; PISCINE REOVIRUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PRV; ALIGNMENT; DISEASE AB Reoviruses (family Reoviridae) infect vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with clinical effects ranging from inapparent to lethal. Here, we describe the discovery and characterization of Largemouth bass reovirus (LMBRV), found during investigation of a mortality event in wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in 2015 in WI, USA. LMBRV has spherical virions of approximately 80 nm diameter containing 10 segments of linear dsRNA, aligning it with members of the genus Orthoreovirus, which infect mammals and birds, rather than members of the genus Aquareovirus, which contain 11 segments and infect teleost fishes. LMBRV is only between 24% and 68% similar at the amino acid level to its closest relative, Piscine reovirus (PRV), the putative cause of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation of farmed salmon. LMBRV expands the known diversity and host range of its lineage, which suggests that an undiscovered diversity of related pathogenic reoviruses may exist in wild fishes. C1 [Sibley, Samuel D.; Goldberg, Tony L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Finley, Megan A.; Baker, Bridget B.; Giehtbrock, David] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Fisheries Management, Madison, WI USA. [Puzach, Corey] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI USA. [Armien, Anibal G.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Minnesota Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Goldberg, Tony L.] Univ Wisconsin, Global Hlth Inst, Madison, WI USA. RP Goldberg, TL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Goldberg, TL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Global Hlth Inst, Madison, WI USA. EM tony.goldberg@wisc.edu FU Sport Fish Restoration grant program through Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; University of Wisconsin-Madison Vilas Trust FX We are grateful to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries Management for its role in field and laboratory investigations, and specifically to Gregory Matzke and Whitney Thiel. We are also grateful to Jennifer Bailey and Sara Erickson from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center for assistance with virus isolation; Dean Muldoon from the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for assistance with electron microscopy and Hui Min Hsu from the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for bacterial identification. This research was supported by the Sport Fish Restoration grant program through Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Vilas Trust. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU MICROBIOLOGY SOC PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER ST, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 97 BP 2482 EP 2487 DI 10.1099/jgv.0.000568 PN 10 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA EA8GA UT WOS:000386872100002 PM 27488948 ER PT J AU Nadeau, CP Fuller, AK AF Nadeau, Christopher P. Fuller, Angela K. TI Combining landscape variables and species traits can improve the utility of climate change vulnerability assessments SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Climate change adaptation; Climate change exposure; Climate change velocity; Dispersal ability; Landscape connectivity; Northeastern United States ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ADAPTATION STRATEGIES; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; EXTINCTION RISK; GLOBAL CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY; PREDICT; MANAGEMENT; BIRDS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Conservation organizations worldwide are investing in climate change vulnerability assessments. Most vulnerability assessment methods focus on either landscape features or species traits that can affect a species vulnerability to climate change. However, landscape features and species traits likely interact to affect vulnerability. We compare a landscape-based assessment, a trait-based assessment, and an assessment that combines landscape variables and species traits for 113 species of birds, herpetofauna, and mammals in the northeastern United States. Our aim is to better understand which species traits and landscape variables have the largest influence on assessment results and which types of vulnerability assessments are most useful for different objectives. Species traits were most important for determining which species will be most vulnerable to climate change. The sensitivity of species to dispersal barriers and the species average natal dispersal distance were the most important traits. Landscape features were most important for determining where species will be most vulnerable because species were most vulnerable in areas where multiple landscape features combined to increase vulnerability, regardless of species traits. The interaction between landscape variables and species traits was important when determining how to reduce climate change vulnerability. For example, an assessment that combines information on landscape connectivity, climate change velocity, and natal dispersal distance suggests that increasing landscape connectivity may not reduce the vulnerability of many species. Assessments that include landscape features and species traits will likely be most useful in guiding conservation under climate change. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nadeau, Christopher P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nadeau, CP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM christopher.nadeau@uconn.edu FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation [T-18] FX The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation provided funding for this research through New York State Wildlife Grants program grant T-18 awarded to New York by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program. Dan Rosenblatt, Patty Riexinger, and Gordon Batcheller provided useful guidance and feedback. Pat Sullivan at Cornell University also provided useful guidance. Kimberly Corwin provided lists of species experts. We obtained climate data from Arthur DeGaetano at the Northeast Regional Climate Science Center. Forty-three experts from state and federal agencies, non-profit natural resource agencies, and universities in the northeastern United States provided expert knowledge that made this study possible. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 202 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.030 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA0ZP UT WOS:000386318400004 ER PT J AU Mueller, ER Smith, ME Pitlick, J AF Mueller, Erich R. Smith, M. Elliot Pitlick, John TI Lithology-controlled evolution of stream bed sediment and basin-scale sediment yields in adjacent mountain watersheds, Idaho, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; lithology; abrasion; channel networks; geomorphology ID SELECTIVE TRANSPORT; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; GRAIN-SIZE; GRAVEL; RIVER; ABRASION; NETWORK; LOAD; SIMULATION; CALIFORNIA AB The composition, grain-size, and flux of stream sediment evolve downstream in response to variations in basin-scale sediment delivery, channel network structure, and diminution during transport. Here, we document downstream changes in lithology and grain size within two adjacent similar to 300km(2) catchments in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA, which drain differing mixtures of soft and resistant rock types, and where measured sediment yields differ two-fold. We use a simple erosion-abrasion mass balance model to predict the downstream evolution of sediment flux and composition using a Monte Carlo approach constrained by measured sediment flux. Results show that the downstream evolution of the bed sediment composition is predictably related to changes in underlying geology, influencing the proportion of sediment carried as bedload or suspended load. In the Big Wood basin, particle abrasion reduces the proportion of fine-grained sedimentary and volcanic rocks, depressing bedload in favor of suspended load. Reduced bedload transport leads to stronger bed armoring, and coarse granitic rocks are concentrated in the stream bed. By contrast, in the North Fork Big Lost basin, bedload yields are three times higher, the stream bed is less armored, and bed sediment becomes dominated by durable quartzitic sandstones. For both basins, the geology-based mass balance model can reproduce within similar to 5% root-mean-square error the composition of the bed substrate using realistic erosion and abrasion parameters. As bed sediment evolves downstream, bedload fluxes increase and decrease as a function of the abrasion parameter and the frequency and size of tributary junctions, while suspended load increases steadily. Variable erosion and abrasion rates produce conditions of variable bed-material transport rates that are sensitive to the distribution of lithologies and channel network structure, and, provided sufficient diversity in bedrock geology, measurements of bed sediment composition allow for an assessment of sediment source areas and yield using a simple modeling approach. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Mueller, Erich R.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand CanyonMonitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Smith, M. Elliot] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Pitlick, John] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mueller, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand CanyonMonitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM emueller@usgs.gov OI Mueller, Erich/0000-0001-8202-154X FU Geological Society of America; University of Colorado Beverly Sears FX We thank Sawtooth National Forest and Salmon-Challis National Forest for access, Jason Hoefer for petrographic analyses, and John Schrader and Wade Grewe for field assistance. Geological Society of America and University of Colorado Beverly Sears research grants provided funding. Robert Anderson, Mikael Attal, Elizabeth Cassel, and Joel Johnson provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank Jim O'Connor and John Gartner for very constructive reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 41 IS 13 BP 1869 EP 1883 DI 10.1002/esp.3955 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DZ7EH UT WOS:000386027000005 ER PT J AU Manlove, K Cassirer, EF Cross, PC Plowright, RK Hudson, PJ AF Manlove, Kezia Cassirer, E. Frances Cross, Paul C. Plowright, Raina K. Hudson, Peter J. TI Disease introduction is associated with a phase transition in bighorn sheep demographics SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; childhood disease; integrated population model; pathogen persistence; population projection matrix; vital rates; disease-induced mortality; wildlife disease; demographic trends ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; INDUCED EXTINCTION; POPULATION-CYCLES; AFRICAN BUFFALO; DISTEMPER VIRUS; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; PNEUMONIA; PERSISTENCE; THRESHOLDS AB Ecological theory suggests that pathogens are capable of regulating or limiting host population dynamics, and this relationship has been empirically established in several settings. However, although studies of childhood diseases were integral to the development of disease ecology, few studies show population limitation by a disease affecting juveniles. Here, we present empirical evidence that disease in lambs constrains population growth in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) based on 45years of population-level and 18years of individual-level monitoring across 12 populations. While populations generally increased (=1.11) prior to disease introduction, most of these same populations experienced an abrupt change in trajectory at the time of disease invasion, usually followed by stagnant-to-declining growth rates (=0.98) over the next 20 years. Disease-induced juvenile mortality imposed strong constraints on population growth that were not observed prior to disease introduction, even as adult survival returned to pre-invasion levels. Simulations suggested that models including persistent disease-induced mortality in juveniles qualitatively matched observed population trajectories, whereas models that only incorporated all-age disease events did not. We use these results to argue that pathogen persistence may pose a lasting, but under-recognized, threat to host populations, particularly in cases where clinical disease manifests primarily in juveniles. C1 [Manlove, Kezia; Hudson, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, 208 Mueller Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cassirer, E. Frances] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 3316 16th St, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Plowright, Raina K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 109 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Manlove, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, 208 Mueller Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kezia.manlove@gmail.com OI Manlove, Kezia/0000-0002-7200-5236 FU Morris Animal Foundation [D13ZO-081]; Penn State Academic Computing Fellowship; RAPIDD Program; National Institutes of Health IDeA Program [P20GM103474, P30GM110732]; Montana University System Research Initiative [51040-MUSRI2015-03] FX This research was supported by Morris Animal Foundation grant D13ZO-081. K. R. Manlove was supported through a Penn State Academic Computing Fellowship. The RAPIDD Program provided support to P. J. Hudson. R. K. Plowright was supported by National Institutes of Health IDeA Program grants P20GM103474 and P30GM110732, P. Thye, and Montana University System Research Initiative: 51040-MUSRI2015-03. Data were collected under the Hells Canyon Initiative with support from the wildlife agencies of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, the Wild Sheep Foundation National, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington chapters, Oregon Hunters Association, and Shikar-Safari Club International. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2016 VL 97 IS 10 BP 2593 EP 2602 DI 10.1002/ecy.1520 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ7ZQ UT WOS:000386088000008 PM 27859120 ER PT J AU Das, AJ Stephenson, NL Davis, KP AF Das, Adrian J. Stephenson, Nathan L. Davis, Kristin P. TI Why do trees die? Characterizing the drivers of background tree mortality SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; biotic interactions; competition; suppression; tree mortality; tree mortality factors; tree pathogens ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; GAP MODELS; LONG-TERM; RATES; CONSEQUENCES; PATHOGENS; PRODUCTIVITY; FENNOSCANDIA AB The drivers of background tree mortality ratesthe typical low rates of tree mortality found in forests in the absence of acute stresses like droughtare central to our understanding of forest dynamics, the effects of ongoing environmental changes on forests, and the causes and consequences of geographical gradients in the nature and strength of biotic interactions. To shed light on factors contributing to background tree mortality, we analyzed detailed pathological data from 200,668 tree-years of observation and 3,729 individual tree deaths, recorded over a 13-yr period in a network of old-growth forest plots in California's Sierra Nevada mountain range. We found that: (1) Biotic mortality factors (mostly insects and pathogens) dominated (58%), particularly in larger trees (86%). Bark beetles were the most prevalent (40%), even though there were no outbreaks during the study period; in contrast, the contribution of defoliators was negligible. (2) Relative occurrences of broad classes of mortality factors (biotic, 58%; suppression, 51%; and mechanical, 25%) are similar among tree taxa, but may vary with tree size and growth rate. (3) We found little evidence of distinct groups of mortality factors that predictably occur together on trees. Our results have at least three sets of implications. First, rather than being driven by abiotic factors such as lightning or windstorms, the ambient or random background mortality that many forest models presume to be independent of tree growth rate is instead dominated by biotic agents of tree mortality, with potentially critical implications for forecasting future mortality. Mechanistic models of background mortality, even for healthy, rapidly growing trees, must therefore include the insects and pathogens that kill trees. Second, the biotic agents of tree mortality, instead of occurring in a few predictable combinations, may generally act opportunistically and with a relatively large degree of independence from one another. Finally, beyond the current emphasis on folivory and leaf defenses, studies of broad-scale gradients in the nature and strength of biotic interactions should also include biotic attacks on, and defenses of, tree stems and roots. C1 [Das, Adrian J.; Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Davis, Kristin P.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Das, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM adas@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); USGS's Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change mission areas FX We thank the many people involved in establishing and maintaining the permanent forest plots, and Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks for their invaluable cooperation and assistance. The forest plot network was funded through various awards through the U.S. National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); data analyses were funded by USGS's Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change mission areas. This work is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS global change research project. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 29 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2016 VL 97 IS 10 BP 2616 EP 2627 DI 10.1002/ecy.1497 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ7ZQ UT WOS:000386088000010 PM 27859135 ER PT J AU Reinhold, AM Bramblett, RG Zale, AV Roberts, DW Poole, GC AF Reinhold, Ann Marie Bramblett, Robert G. Zale, Alexander V. Roberts, David W. Poole, Geoffrey C. TI Comparative use of side and main channels by small-bodied fish in a large, unimpounded river SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; floodplain; river; side channel; Yellowstone River ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; DOWNSTREAM DISPLACEMENT; FLOODPLAIN CONNECTIVITY; COLORADO RIVER; MISSOURI RIVER; STREAM FISHES; LARVAL FISH; HABITAT USE; BACKWATER AB 1. Ecological theory and field studies suggest that lateral floodplain connectivity and habitat heterogeneity provided by side channels impart favourable habitat conditions for lotic fishes, especially fluvial fishes dependent on large patches of shallow, slow velocity habitats for some portion of their life cycle. However, anthropogenic modification of large, temperate floodplain rivers has led to extensive channel simplification and side-channel loss. Highly modified rivers consist of simplified channels in contracted, less dynamic floodplains. 2. Most research examining the seasonal importance of side channels for fish assemblages in large rivers has been carried out in heavily modified rivers, where side-channel extents are substantially reduced from pre-settlement times, and has often overlooked small-bodied fishes. Inferences about the ecological importance of side channels for small-bodied fishes in large rivers can be ascertained only from investigations of large rivers with largely intact floodplains. The Yellowstone River, our study area, is a rare example of one such river. 3. We targeted small-bodied fishes and compared their habitat use in side and main channels in two geomorphically distinct types of river bends during early and late snowmelt runoff, and autumn base flow. Species compositions of side and main channels differed throughout hydroperiods concurrent with the seasonal redistribution of the availability of shallow, slow current-velocity habitats. More species of fish used side channels than main channels during runoff. Additionally, catch rates of small fishes were generally greater in side channels than in main channels and quantitative assemblage compositions differed between channel types during runoff, but not during base flow. Presence of and access to diverse habitats facilitated the development and persistence of diverse fish assemblages in our study area. 4. Physical dissimilarities between side and main channels may have differentially structured the side-and main-channel fish assemblages during runoff. Patches of shallow, slow current-velocity (SSCV) habitats in side channels were larger and had slightly slower water velocities than SSCV habitat patches in main channels during runoff, but not during base flow. 5. Our findings establish a baseline importance of side channels to riverine fishes in a large, temperate river without heavy anthropogenic modification. Establishing this baseline contributes to basic fluvial ecology and provides empirical justification for restoration efforts that reconnect large rivers with their floodplains. C1 [Reinhold, Ann Marie; Bramblett, Robert G.; Zale, Alexander V.; Roberts, David W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Reinhold, Ann Marie; Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Reinhold, Ann Marie; Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Montana Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Reinhold, AM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM annmarie.reinhold@montana.edu OI Poole, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8458-0203 FU United States Army Corps of Engineers Military Interdepartmental Purchase Requisition [MIPR-59XQG72647975, MIPR-W59XQG6913]; National Science Foundation EPSCoR [EPS-1101342]; Montana State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [88-03]; U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Montana State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This material is based upon work supported by a United States Army Corps of Engineers Military Interdepartmental Purchase Requisition (MIPR-59XQG72647975 and MIPR-W59XQG6913) and in part by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement #EPS-1101342. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USACE or the National Science Foundation. We thank the Yellowstone River Technical Advisory Committee and the Yellowstone River Conservation District Council for making much of this work possible. We thank Karin Boyd, Tony Thatcher and Matt Jaeger for their seminal work on the Yellowstone River and for their continual collaboration. We thank the staffs of Regions 5 and 7 Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks for their guidance and assistance. We thank Rosa McIver, Chris Naus, Drew Pearson, Dave Ritter, Elliot Johnson, Caleb Mitchell, Nate Laulainen, Nick Rubino, and Michael Moore for many long days of fieldwork. We thank George Jordan, John Powell, Mike Duncan, Warren Kellogg, Stan Proboszcz, Chris Guy, and Bret Olson for their thoughtful feedback as this project developed. We thank Lynn DiGennaro for her tremendous administrative and logistical support. We thank Zack Bowen and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews of this manuscript. All work was conducted under applicable state permits and under the auspices of the Montana State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #88-03). The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Montana State University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1611 EP 1626 DI 10.1111/fwb.12796 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DZ7CJ UT WOS:000386021300001 ER PT J AU Pandolfo, TJ Kwak, TJ Cope, WG Heise, RJ Nichols, RB Pacifici, K AF Pandolfo, Tamara J. Kwak, Thomas J. Cope, W. Gregory Heise, Ryan J. Nichols, Robert B. Pacifici, Krishna TI Species traits and catchment-scale habitat factors influence the occurrence of freshwater mussel populations and assemblages SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical modelling; imperfect detection; rare species; species richness; unionid ID LOWER FLINT RIVER; UNIONID MUSSELS; MICROHABITAT USE; LOWLAND RIVER; LAND-USE; OCCUPANCY; RICHNESS; BIVALVIA; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB 1. Conservation of freshwater unionid mussels presents unique challenges due to their distinctive life cycle, cryptic occurrence and imperilled status. Relevant ecological information is urgently needed to guide their management and conservation. 2. We adopted a modelling approach, which is a novel application to freshwater mussels to enhance inference on rare species, by borrowing data among species in a hierarchical framework to conduct the most comprehensive occurrence analysis for freshwater mussels to date. We incorporated imperfect detection to more accurately examine effects of biotic and abiotic factors at multiple scales on the occurrence of 14 mussel species and the entire assemblage of the Tar River Basin of North Carolina, U.S.A. 3. The single assemblage estimate of detection probability for all species was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.36-0.47) with no species-or site-specific detection effects identified. We empirically observed 15 mussel species in the basin but estimated total species richness at 21 (95% CI, 16-24) when accounting for imperfect detection. 4. Mean occurrence probability among species ranged from 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01-0.16) for Alasmidonta undulata, an undescribed Lampsilis sp., and Strophitus undulatus to 0.67 (95% CI, 0.42-0.86) for Elliptio icterina. Median occurrence probability among sites was <0.30 for all species with the exception of E. icterina. Site occurrence probability generally related to mussel conservation status, with reduced occurrence for endangered and threatened species. 5. Catchment-scale abiotic variables (stream power, agricultural land use) and species traits (brood time, host specificity, tribe) influenced the occurrence of mussel assemblages more than reach-or microhabitat-scale features. 6. Our findings reflect the complexity of mussel ecology and indicate that habitat restoration alone may not be adequate for mussel conservation. Catchment-scale management can benefit an entire assemblage, but species-specific strategies may be necessary for successful conservation. The hierarchical multispecies modelling approach revealed findings that could not be elucidated by other means, and the approach may be applied more broadly to other river basins and regions. Accurate measures of assemblage dynamics, such as occurrence and species richness, are required to create management plans for effective conservation. C1 [Pandolfo, Tamara J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC USA. [Cope, W. Gregory] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Heise, Ryan J.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Creedmoor, NC USA. [Nichols, Robert B.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC USA. [Pacifici, Krishna] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Pandolfo, TJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tjpandol@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center [171]; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center through Research Work Order 171. We thank J. Daraio and B. Doll for hydrologic and geomorphology expertise. T. Black and B. Jones of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission participated in mussel surveys. J. Archambault provided a database of species trait information. E. Buttermore, D. Weaver, J. Archambault, A. White, B. Cope and M. Fisk made up field crews for the duration of the project. C. Shea and two anonymous referees provided constructive reviews of the manuscript. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1671 EP 1684 DI 10.1111/fwb.12807 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DZ7CJ UT WOS:000386021300005 ER PT J AU Ranalli, AJ Yager, DB AF Ranalli, Anthony J. Yager, Douglas B. TI Use of mineral/solution equilibrium calculations to assess the potential for carnotite precipitation from groundwater in the Texas Panhandle, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Geochemical modeling; Groundwater; PHREEQC; Texas panhandle; Uranium mineralization; Carnotite ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; BEDS AB This study investigated the potential for the uranium mineral carnotite (K-2(UO2)2(VO4)(2)center dot 3H(2)O) to precipitate from evaporating groundwater in the Texas Panhandle region of the United States. The evolution of groundwater chemistry during evaporation was modeled with the USGS geochemical code PHREEQC using water-quality data from 100 groundwater wells downloaded from the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database. While most modeled groundwater compositions precipitated calcite upon evaporation, not all groundwater became saturated with respect to carnotite with the system open to CO2. Thus, the formation of calcite is not a necessary condition for carnotite to form. Rather, the determining factor in achieving carnotite saturation was the evolution of groundwater chemistry during evaporation following calcite precipitation. Modeling in this study showed that if the initial major-ion groundwater composition was dominated by calcium-magnesium-sulfate (>70 precent Ca + Mg and >50 percent SO4 + Cl) or calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (>70 percent Ca + Mg and <70 percent HCO3 + CO3) and following the precipitation of calcite, the concentration of calcium was greater than the carbonate alkalinity (2mCa(+2) > mHCO(3)(-) + 2mCO(3)(-2)) carnotite saturation was achieved. If, however, the initial major-ion groundwater composition is sodium-bicarbonate (varying amounts of Na, 40-100 percent Na), calcium-sodium-sulfate, or calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate composition (> 70 percent HCO3 + CO3) and following the precipitation of calcite, the concentration of calcium was less than the carbonate alkalinity (2mCa(+2) < mHCO(3)(-) + 2mCO(3)(-2)) carnotite saturation was not achieved. In systems open to CO2, carnotite saturation occurred in most samples in evaporation amounts ranging from 95 percent to 99 percent with the partial pressure of CO2 ranging from 10(-3.5) to 10(-2.5) atm. Carnotite saturation occurred in a few samples in evaporation amounts ranging from 98 percent to 99 percent with the partial pressure of CO2 equal to 10(-2.0) atm. Carnotite saturation did not occur in any groundwater with the system closed to CO2. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ranalli, Anthony J.] Navarro Res & Engn Inc, 11025 Dover St,Suite 1000, Westminster, CO 80021 USA. [Yager, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ranalli, AJ (reprint author), Navarro Res & Engn Inc, 11025 Dover St,Suite 1000, Westminster, CO 80021 USA. EM Anthony.Ranalli@lm.doe.gov; dyager@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 73 BP 118 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.004 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DZ0JF UT WOS:000385523900012 ER PT J AU McCleskey, RB Lowenstern, JB Schaper, J Nordstrom, DK Heasler, HP Mahony, D AF McCleskey, R. Blaine Lowenstern, Jacob B. Schaper, Jonas Nordstrom, D. Kirk Heasler, Henry P. Mahony, Dan TI Geothermal solute flux monitoring and the source and fate of solutes in the Snake River, Yellowstone National Park, WY SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone National Park; Grand Teton National Park; Geothermal; Electrical conductivity; Specific conductance ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MOUNTAIN STREAM; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; INORGANIC SOLUTES; DIEL BEHAVIOR; CHLORIDE FLUX; GIBBON RIVER; NEUTRAL PH; DISCHARGE; CHEMISTRY AB The combined geothermal discharge from over 10,000 features in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) can be can be estimated from the Cl flux in the Madison, Yellowstone, Falls, and Snake Rivers. Over the last 30 years, the Cl flux in YNP Rivers has been calculated using discharge measurements and Cl concentrations determined in discrete water samples and it has been determined that approximately 12% of the Cl flux exiting YNP is from the Snake River. The relationship between electrical conductivity and concentrations of Cl and other geothermal solutes was quantified at a monitoring site located downstream from the thermal inputs in the Snake River. Beginning in 2012, continuous (15 min) electrical conductivity measurements have been made at the monitoring site. Combining continuous electrical conductivity and discharge data, the Cl and other geothermal solute fluxes were determined. The 2013-2015 Cl fluxes (5.3-5.8 kt/yr) determined using electrical conductivity are comparable to historical data. In addition, synoptic water samples and discharge data were obtained from sites along the Snake River under low-flow conditions of September 2014. The synoptic water study extended 17 km upstream from the monitoring site. Surface inflows were sampled to identify sources and to quantify solute loading. The Lewis River was the primary source of Cl, Na, K, Cl, SiO2, Rb, and As loads (50-80%) in the Snake River. The largest source of SO4 was from the upper Snake River (50%). Most of the Ca and Mg (50-55%) originate from the Snake Hot Springs. Chloride, Ca, Mg, Na, K, SiO2, F, HCO3, SO4, B, Li, Rb, and As behave conservatively in the Snake River, and therefore correlate well with conductivity (R-2 >= 0.97). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McCleskey, R. Blaine; Nordstrom, D. Kirk] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schaper, Jonas] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, Univ Str 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. [Heasler, Henry P.; Mahony, Dan] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. RP McCleskey, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rbmccles@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; Yellowstone Volcano Observatory; USGS Volcano Hazards Program; USGS National Research Program FX We thank the staff of Yellowstone National Park, including Ann Rodman and Sarah Haas, for their assistance on numerous occasions. We are grateful to Randall Chiu, Jim Ball, and Dane Campbell who helped collect and analyze samples. This study would not have been possible without the support of the National Park Service, the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, the USGS Volcano Hazards Program, and the USGS National Research Program. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 73 BP 142 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.006 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DZ0JF UT WOS:000385523900014 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Oh, KP Langin, KM Aldridge, CL AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Oh, Kevin P. Langin, Kathryn M. Aldridge, Cameron L. TI A field ornithologist's guide to genomics: Practical considerations for ecology and conservation SO AUK LA English DT Review DE adaptation; birds; conservation units; eDNA; landscape genomics; next-generation sequencing; population history; single-nucleotide polymorphisms ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; NON-MODEL ORGANISMS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; WARBLER WILSONIA-PUSILLA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; WHOLE-GENOME; GENE FLOW; RNA-SEQ; LANDSCAPE GENOMICS; WIDE ASSOCIATION AB Vast improvements in sequencing technology have made it practical to simultaneously sequence millions of nucleotides distributed across the genome, opening the door for genomic studies in virtually any species. Ornithological research stands to benefit in three substantial ways. First, genomic methods enhance our ability to parse and simultaneously analyze both neutral and non-neutral genomic regions, thus providing insight into adaptive evolution and divergence. Second, the sheer quantity of sequence data generated by current sequencing platforms allows increased precision and resolution in analyses. Third, high-throughput sequencing can benefit applications that focus on a small number of loci that are otherwise prohibitively expensive, time-consuming, and technically difficult using traditional sequencing methods. These advances have improved our ability to understand evolutionary processes like speciation and local adaptation, but they also offer many practical applications in the fields of population ecology, migration tracking, conservation planning, diet analyses, and disease ecology. This review provides a guide for field ornithologists interested in incorporating genomic approaches into their research program, with an emphasis on techniques related to ecology and conservation. We present a general overview of contemporary genomic approaches and methods, as well as important considerations when selecting a genomic technique. We also discuss research questions that are likely to benefit from utilizing high-throughput sequencing instruments, highlighting select examples from recent avian studies. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Oh, Kevin P.; Langin, Kathryn M.; Aldridge, Cameron L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM soyler@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; OI Langin, Kathryn/0000-0002-1799-1942 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 219 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 38 U2 38 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2016 VL 133 IS 4 BP 626 EP 648 DI 10.1642/AUK-16-49.1 PG 23 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DY9CP UT WOS:000385430800005 ER PT J AU Cutting, KA Anderson, ML Beever, EA Schroff, SR Klaphake, E Korb, N McWilliams, S AF Cutting, Kyle A. Anderson, Michelle L. Beever, Erik A. Schroff, Sean R. Klaphake, Eric Korb, Nathan McWilliams, Scott TI Niche shifts and energetic condition of songbirds in response to phenology of food-resource availability in a high-elevation sagebrush ecosystem SO AUK LA English DT Article DE food-resource pulse; sagebrush; diet; stable isotopes; Brewer's Sparrow; Vesper Sparrow ID SHRUBSTEPPE PASSERINE BIRDS; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; 2 SPARROWS; HABITAT; PRECIPITATION; COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURE AB Seasonal fluctuations in food availability can affect diets of consumers, which in turn may influence the physiological state of individuals and shape intra-and inter-specific patterns of resource use. High-elevation ecosystems often exhibit a pronounced seasonal "pulse'' in productivity, although few studies document how resource use and energetic condition by avian consumers change in relation to food-resource availability in these ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that seasonal increases (pulses) in food resources in high-elevation sagebrush ecosystems result in 2 changes after the pulse, relative to the before-pulse period: (1) reduced diet breadth of, and overlap between, 2 sympatric sparrow species; and (2) enhanced energetic condition in both species. We tracked breeding-season diets using stable isotopes and energetic condition using plasma metabolites of Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella breweri), Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus), and their food resources during 2011, and of only Brewer's Sparrows and their food resources during 2013. We quantify diet breadth and overlap between both species, along with coincident physiological consequences of temporal changes in resource use. After invertebrate biomass increased following periods of rainfall in 2011, dietary breadth decreased by 35% in Brewer's Sparrows and by 48% in Vesper Sparrows, while dietary overlap decreased by 88%. Energetic condition of both species increased when dietary overlap was lower and diet breadth decreased, after the rapid rise of food-resource availability. However, energetic condition of Brewer's Sparrows remained constant in 2013, a year with low precipitation and lack of a strong pulse in food resources, even though the species' dietary breadth again decreased that year. Our results indicate that diet breadth and overlap in these sparrow species inhabiting sagebrush ecosystems generally varied as predicted in relation to intra-and interannual changes in food resources, and this difference in diet was associated with improved energetic condition of sparrows at least in one year. C1 [Cutting, Kyle A.; Schroff, Sean R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT 59739 USA. [Anderson, Michelle L.] Univ Montana Western, Dept Biol, Dillon, MT USA. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Klaphake, Eric] Cheyenne Mt Zoo, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Korb, Nathan] Nature Conservancy, Helena, MT USA. [McWilliams, Scott] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Cutting, KA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT 59739 USA. EM Kyle_Cutting@fws.gov FU Wildlife Health Lab of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Montana Association of Conservation Districts FX This research was funded by the Wildlife Health Lab of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Montana Association of Conservation Districts. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2016 VL 133 IS 4 BP 685 EP 697 DI 10.1642/AUK-16-4.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DY9CP UT WOS:000385430800008 ER PT J AU Lenz, J Wetterich, S Jones, BM Meyer, H Bobrov, A Grosse, G AF Lenz, Josefine Wetterich, Sebastian Jones, Benjamin M. Meyer, Hanno Bobrov, Anatoly Grosse, Guido TI Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11800-year-old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska SO BOREAS LA English DT Article ID BERING LAND-BRIDGE; INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTHWESTERN ALASKA; LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS; YUKON-TERRITORY; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; WESTERN ALASKA; WARM INTERVAL; COASTAL-PLAIN AB Permafrost degradation influences the morphology, biogeochemical cycling and hydrology of Arctic landscapes over a range of time scales. To reconstruct temporal patterns of early to late Holocene permafrost and thermokarst dynamics, site-specific palaeo-records are needed. Here we present a multi-proxy study of a 350-cm-long permafrost core from a drained lake basin on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, revealing Lateglacial toHolocene thermokarst lake dynamics in a central location of Beringia. Use of radiocarbon dating, micropalaeontology (ostracods and testaceans), sedimentology (grain-size analyses, magnetic susceptibility, tephra analyses), geochemistry (total nitrogen and carbon, total organic carbon, C-13(org)) and stable water isotopes (O-18, D, dexcess) of ground ice allowed the reconstruction of several distinct thermokarst lake phases. These include a pre-lacustrine environment at the base of the core characterized by the Devil Mountain Maar tephra (22800 +/- 280cal. a BP, Unit A), which has vertically subsided in places due to subsequent development of a deep thermokarst lake that initiated around 11800cal. a BP (Unit B). At about 9000cal. a BP this lake transitioned from a stable depositional environment to a very dynamic lake system (Unit C) characterized by fluctuating lake levels, potentially intermediate wetland development, and expansion and erosion of shore deposits. Complete drainage of this lake occurred at 1060cal. a BP, including post-drainage sediment freezing from the top down to 154cm and gradual accumulation of terrestrial peat (Unit D), as well as uniform upward talik refreezing. This core-based reconstruction of multiple thermokarst lake generations since 11800cal. a BP improves our understanding of the temporal scales of thermokarst lake development from initiation to drainage, demonstrates complex landscape evolution in the ice-rich permafrost regions of Central Beringia during the Lateglacial and Holocene, and enhances our understanding of biogeochemical cycles in thermokarst-affected regions of the Arctic. C1 [Lenz, Josefine; Wetterich, Sebastian; Meyer, Hanno; Grosse, Guido] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Dept Periglacial Res, Telegraphenberg A43, D-4473 Potsdam, Germany. [Lenz, Josefine; Grosse, Guido] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Bobrov, Anatoly] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Fac Soil Sci, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia. RP Lenz, J (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Dept Periglacial Res, Telegraphenberg A43, D-4473 Potsdam, Germany. EM Josefine.Lenz@awi.de RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Lenz, Josefine/0000-0002-4050-3169 FU NSF [ARC-0732735]; NASA [NNX08AJ37G]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01DJ14003]; Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative Project [WA2011-02]; RFBR [16-040045-a]; ERC [338335]; Christiane Nusslein-Volhard-Foundation; University of Potsdam; Helmholtz Graduate School for Polar and Marine Research (POLMAR) FX Fieldwork was supported by NSF (ARC-0732735), NASA (NNX08AJ37G) and the US National Park Service. Additional funding was provided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF Grant No. 01DJ14003), the Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative Project (WA2011-02), RFBR (#16-040045-a) and the ERC (#338335). J. Lenz was supported by a Christiane Nusslein-Volhard-Foundation grant, a dissertation stipend from the University of Potsdam, and the Helmholtz Graduate School for Polar and Marine Research (POLMAR), and acknowledges an invitation by S. Mischke to the Faculty of Earth Sciences (University of Iceland) for a research visit to finalize this study. We thank K. Walter Anthony and L. Farquharson for field support and discussions, and A. Myrbo and L. Farquharson for assisting with core splitting, imaging and GEO-TEK scanning at the LacCore facility at the University of Minnesota. Further, we would like to thank H. Kemnitz, I. Schapan, S. Wulf and O. Appelt (GFZ) for facilitating SEM imaging as well as geochemical analyses of tephra. We thank L. Farquharson, S. Lauterbach and one anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-9483 EI 1502-3885 J9 BOREAS JI Boreas PD OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 4 BP 584 EP 603 DI 10.1111/bor.12186 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DY8UD UT WOS:000385405900002 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, M Reid, JA Golden, N AF Zimmermann, Mark Reid, Jane A. Golden, Nadine TI Using smooth sheets to describe groundfish habitat in Alaskan waters, with specific application to two flatfishes SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE USA; Alaska; Gulf of Alaska; Fish; Habitat; Bathymetry; Grain size ID MODELS; NURSERY; PLEURONECTIDS; AREA AB In this analysis we demonstrate how preferred fish habitat can be predicted and mapped for juveniles of two Alaskan groundfish species - Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) - at five sites (Kiliuda Bay, Izhut Bay, Port Dick, Aialik Bay, and the Barren Islands) in the central Gulf of Alaska. The method involves using geographic information system (GIS) software to extract appropriate information from National Ocean Service (NOS) smooth sheets that are available from NGDC (the National Geophysical Data Center). These smooth sheets are highly detailed charts that include more soundings, substrates, shoreline and feature information than the more commonly-known navigational charts. By bringing the information from smooth sheets into a GIS, a variety of surfaces, such as depth, slope, rugosity and mean grain size were interpolated into raster surfaces. Other measurements such as site openness, shoreline length, proportion of bay that is near shore, areas of rocky reefs, and kelp beds, water volumes, surface areas and vertical cross-sections were also made in order to quantify differences between the study sites. Proper GIS processing also allows linking the smooth sheets to other data sets, such as orthographic satellite photographs, topographic maps and precipitation estimates from which watersheds and runoff can be derived. This same methodology can be applied to larger areas, taking advantage of these free data sets to describe predicted groundfish essential fish habitat (EFH) in Alaskan waters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zimmermann, Mark] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reid, Jane A.; Golden, Nadine] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Zimmermann, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mark.zimmermann@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) FX The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA or the USGS. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA or the USGS. The North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) sponsored the Gulf of Alaska Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (GOA-IERP) - this manuscript is GOA-IERP publication #3 and NPRB publication #528. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 132 BP 210 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.020 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DZ1LA UT WOS:000385598700015 ER PT J AU Hinckley, S Parada, C Horne, JK Mazur, M Woillez, M AF Hinckley, Sarah Parada, Carolina Horne, John K. Mazur, Michael Woillez, Mathieu TI Comparison of individual-based model output to data using a model of walleye pollock early life history in the Gulf of Alaska SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Mathematical models; Statistical analysis; Marine fish; Spatial distributions; Spatial analysis; Individual-based models; USA gulf of alaska; Walleye pollock ID KOKANEE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; CORRELATED RANDOM-WALK; COD GADUS-MORHUA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WESTERN GULF; SEASCAPE GENETICS; LARVAL DISPERSAL; SHELIKOF STRAIT; BERING-SEA AB Biophysical individual-based models (IBMs) have been used to study aspects of early life history of marine fishes such as recruitment, connectivity of spawning and nursery areas, and marine reserve design. However, there is no consistent approach to validating the spatial outputs of these models. In this study, we hope to rectify this gap. We document additions to an existing individual-based biophysical model for Alaska walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), some simulations made with this model and methods that were used to describe and compare spatial output of the model versus field data derived from ichthyoplankton surveys in the Gulf of Alaska. We used visual methods (e.g. distributional centroids with directional ellipses), several indices (such as a Normalized Difference Index (NDI), and an Overlap Coefficient (OC), and several statistical methods: the Syrjala method, the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, and a geostatistical method for comparing spatial indices. We assess the utility of these different methods in analyzing spatial output and comparing model output to data, and give recommendations for their appropriate use. Visual methods are useful for initial comparisons of model and data distributions. Metrics such as the NDI and OC give useful measures of co-location and overlap, but care must be taken in discretizing the fields into bins. The Getis-Ord Gi* statistic is useful to determine the patchiness of the fields. The Syrjala method is an easily implemented statistical measure of the difference between the fields, but does not give information on the details of the distributions. Finally, the geostatistical comparison of spatial indices gives good information of details of the distributions and whether they differ significantly between the model and the data. We conclude that each technique gives quite different information about the model-data distribution comparison, and that some are easy to apply and some more complex. We also give recommendations for a multistep process to validate spatial output from IBMs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hinckley, Sarah] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Parada, Carolina] Univ Concepcion, Dept Geofis, Concepcion, Chile. [Parada, Carolina] Univ Concepcion, IMO, Concepcion, Chile. [Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mazur, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 170 North First St, Lander, WY 82520 USA. [Woillez, Mathieu] IFREMER, Sci & Technol Halieut, Brest, France. RP Hinckley, S (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sarah.hinckley@noaa.gov; carolina.parada@dgeo.udec.cl; jhorne@u.washington.edu; michael_mazur@fws.gov; mathieu.woillez@gmail.com OI Woillez, Mathieu/0000-0002-1032-2105 FU North Pacific Research Board [523]; EcoFOCI group at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center; RACE Division at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank the North Pacific Research Board for funding Project 523: Pollock recruitment and stock structure, which supported portions of this research. Dr. A.J. Hermann developed the ROMS model for the Gulf of Alaska which drives the pollock IBM. We would also like to acknowledge support from the EcoFOCI group and the RACE Division at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, which provided data, personnel salaries, and other support. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 114 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 132 BP 240 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.04.007 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DZ1LA UT WOS:000385598700017 ER PT J AU Csank, AZ Miller, AE Sherriff, RL Berg, EE Welker, JM AF Csank, Adam Z. Miller, Amy E. Sherriff, Rosemary L. Berg, Edward E. Welker, Jeffrey M. TI Tree-ring isotopes reveal drought sensitivity in trees killed by spruce beetle outbreaks in south-central Alaska SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alaska, USA; Dendroctonus rufipennis; drought stress; Picea glauca; spruce beetle; stable isotopes; tree rings; white spruce ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; STABLE CARBON; WHITE SPRUCE; SUMMER TEMPERATURES; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MORTALITY; CELLULOSE AB Increasing temperatures have resulted in reduced growth and increased tree mortality across large areas of western North American forests. We use tree-ring isotope chronologies (delta C-13 and delta O-18) from live and dead trees from four locations in south-central Alaska, USA, to test whether white spruce trees killed by recent spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) outbreaks showed evidence of drought stress prior to death. Trees that were killed were more sensitive to spring/summer temperature and/or precipitation than trees that survived. At two of our sites, we found greater correlations between the delta C-13 and delta O-18 chronologies and spring/summer temperatures in dead trees than in live trees, suggesting that trees that are more sensitive to temperature-induced drought stress are more likely to be killed. At one site, the difference between delta C-13 in live and dead trees was related to winter/spring precipitation, with dead trees showing stronger correlations between delta C-13 and precipitation, again suggesting increased water stress in dead trees. At all sites where delta O-18 was measured, delta O-18 chronologies showed the greatest difference in climate response between live and dead groups, with delta O-18 in live trees correlating more strongly with late winter precipitation than dead trees. Our results indicate that sites where trees are already sensitive to warm or dry early growing-season conditions experienced the most beetle-kill, which has important implications for forecasting future mortality events in Alaska. C1 [Csank, Adam Z.] Nipissing Univ, Dept Geog, 100 Coll Dr, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada. [Csank, Adam Z.] Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Miller, Amy E.] Natl Pk Serv, Alaska Reg Off, 240 W 5th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Sherriff, Rosemary L.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geog, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Berg, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, 1 Skihill Rd, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, 3200 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Csank, AZ (reprint author), Nipissing Univ, Dept Geog, 100 Coll Dr, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada.; Csank, AZ (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM adam.csank@gmail.com OI Csank, Adam/0000-0002-7001-4470 FU National Park Service Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit [J8C07100001, J9910324802]; NSF MRI award [0923571] FX This study was supported by two National Park Service Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit grants to R. Sherriff (J8C07100001) and J. Welker (J9910324802). We would like to thank Dustin Grossheim (University of Alaska, Anchorage) for processing the tree cores for isotopic analysis and Kelly Muth (Humboldt State University) for tree-growth analysis. The isotopic analysis at the UAA Stable Isotope Lab was made possible in part by a NSF MRI award (0923571) to JMW. Field samples from the Alaska Peninsula were collected by the National Park Service, Southwest Alaska Network. The Bufflehead Road data were collected by C. Fastie (Middlebury College) as part of collaborative study with the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. We would also like to thank C. Fastie for providing additional information on the Kenai Peninsula. Finally we would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2001 EP 2020 DI 10.1002/eap.1365 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ1TR UT WOS:000385623900004 PM 27755740 ER PT J AU Vander Zanden, HB Bolten, AB Tucker, AD Hart, KM Lamont, MM Fujisaki, I Reich, KJ Addison, DS Mansfield, KL Phillips, KF Pajuelo, M Bjorndal, KA AF Vander Zanden, Hannah B. Bolten, Alan B. Tucker, Anton D. Hart, Kristen M. Lamont, Margaret M. Fujisaki, Ikuko Reich, Kimberly J. Addison, David S. Mansfield, Katherine L. Phillips, Katrina F. Pajuelo, Mariela Bjorndal, Karen A. TI Biomarkers reveal sea turtles remained in oiled areas following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; Deepwater Horizon; Gulf of Mexico; loggerhead; oil spill; petroleum hydrocarbons; resource use; stable isotopes ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; GREEN TURTLES; FISH POPULATIONS; FORAGING AREAS; SEAGRASS BED; LIFE-STAGES; FIDELITY AB Assessments of large-scale disasters, such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, are problematic because while measurements of post-disturbance conditions are common, measurements of pre-disturbance baselines are only rarely available. Without adequate observations of pre-disaster organismal and environmental conditions, it is impossible to assess the impact of such catastrophes on animal populations and ecological communities. Here, we use long-term biological tissue records to provide pre-disaster data for a vulnerable marine organism. Keratin samples from the carapace of loggerhead sea turtles record the foraging history for up to 18 years, allowing us to evaluate the effect of the oil spill on sea turtle foraging patterns. Samples were collected from 76 satellite-tracked adult loggerheads in 2011 and 2012, approximately one to two years after the spill. Of the 10 individuals that foraged in areas exposed to surface oil, none demonstrated significant changes in foraging patterns post spill. The observed long-term fidelity to foraging sites indicates that loggerheads in the northern Gulf of Mexico likely remained in established foraging sites, regardless of the introduction of oil and chemical dispersants. More research is needed to address potential long-term health consequences to turtles in this region. Mobile marine organisms present challenges for researchers to monitor effects of environmental disasters, both spatially and temporally. We demonstrate that biological tissues can reveal long-term histories of animal behavior and provide critical pre-disaster baselines following an anthropogenic disturbance or natural disaster. C1 [Vander Zanden, Hannah B.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 115 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Vander Zanden, Hannah B.; Bolten, Alan B.; Pajuelo, Mariela; Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, POB 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vander Zanden, Hannah B.; Bolten, Alan B.; Pajuelo, Mariela; Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, POB 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tucker, Anton D.] Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 3321 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Lamont, Margaret M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71St St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Reich, Kimberly J.] Texas A&M Galveston, POB 1675, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Addison, David S.] Conservancy Southwest Florida, 1495 Smith Preserve Way, Naples, FL 34102 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.; Phillips, Katrina F.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, 4110 Libra Dr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Vander Zanden, HB (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 115 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.; Vander Zanden, HB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, POB 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.; Vander Zanden, HB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol, POB 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM h.vanderzanden@utah.edu OI Phillips, Katrina/0000-0002-3188-2689; Vander Zanden, Hannah/0000-0003-3366-5116; Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU Sea Turtle Grants Program; Florida Sea Turtle License Plate FX The authors thank J. Curtis for stable isotope analyses; P. Eliazar, T. Kaufman, and C. Iseton for help with sample preparation; B. Stephens and C. Hackett for sample collection on EAFB and SJP; A. Crowder, T. Selby, M. Cherkiss, A. Daniels, and B. Smith with field work at DRTO; A. Demopoulos, V. Engel, S. Good, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. The deployment of satellite tags and the collection of the scute samples by field staff would not have been possible without the institutional support of the Conservancy of Southwest Florida, Mote Marine Laboratory and U.S. Geological Survey. This study was supported by a grant awarded from the Sea Turtle Grants Program, which is funded from proceeds from the sale of the Florida Sea Turtle License Plate (www.helpingseaturtles.org). All sample collection was made in compliance with the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol 201101985; USGS IACUC protocol USGS-SESC-2011-05 issued to K. Hart; U.S. Fish and Wildlife permit TE206903-1; Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge Special Use Permits SUP 13-006S and SUP 12-006S; the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission permits MTP-016, 094, 155, and 176; and Dry Tortugas permit DRTO-2012-SCI-0008. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 34 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2145 EP 2155 DI 10.1002/eap.1366 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ1TR UT WOS:000385623900014 PM 27755731 ER PT J AU Davis, AJ Hooten, MB Miller, RS Farnsworth, ML Lewis, J Moxcey, M Pepin, KM AF Davis, Amy J. Hooten, Mevin B. Miller, Ryan S. Farnsworth, Matthew L. Lewis, Jesse Moxcey, Michael Pepin, Kim M. TI Inferring invasive species abundance using removal data from management actions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical model; catch-effort method; feral swine; invasive species; population monitoring; removal sampling; Sus scrofa ID RANGE EXPANSION; FERAL PIGS; CALIFORNIA; ERADICATION; POPULATIONS; WILDLIFE; MODELS; SIZES AB Evaluation of the progress of management programs for invasive species is crucial for demonstrating impacts to stakeholders and strategic planning of resource allocation. Estimates of abundance before and after management activities can serve as a useful metric of population management programs. However, many methods of estimating population size are too labor intensive and costly to implement, posing restrictive levels of burden on operational programs. Removal models are a reliable method for estimating abundance before and after management using data from the removal activities exclusively, thus requiring no work in addition to management. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate abundance from removal data accounting for varying levels of effort, and used simulations to assess the conditions under which reliable population estimates are obtained. We applied this model to estimate site-specific abundance of an invasive species, feral swine (Sus scrofa), using removal data from aerial gunning in 59 site/time-frame combinations (480-19,600 acres) throughout Oklahoma and Texas, USA. Simulations showed that abundance estimates were generally accurate when effective removal rates (removal rate accounting for total effort) were above 0.40. However, when abundances were small (<50) the effective removal rate needed to accurately estimates abundances was considerably higher (0.70). Based on our post-validation method, 78% of our site/time frame estimates were accurate. To use this modeling framework it is important to have multiple removals (more than three) within a time frame during which demographic changes are minimized (i.e., a closed population; <= 3 months for feral swine). Our results show that the probability of accurately estimating abundance from this model improves with increased sampling effort (8+ flight hours across the 3-month window is best) and increased removal rate. Based on the inverse relationship between inaccurate abundances and inaccurate removal rates, we suggest auxiliary information that could be collected and included in the model as covariates (e.g., habitat effects, differences between pilots) to improve accuracy of removal rates and hence abundance estimates. C1 [Davis, Amy J.; Pepin, Kim M.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Miller, Ryan S.] USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Farnsworth, Matthew L.; Lewis, Jesse] Conservat Sci Partners, 5 Old Town Sq,Suite 205, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Moxcey, Michael] USDA, Wildlife Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Davis, AJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM amy.j.davis@aphis.usda.gov OI Miller, Ryan/0000-0003-3892-0251 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services division FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services division. Also, thanks to Mark Lutman and Michael Marlow for help with obtaining MIS data and discussions about techniques for removing feral swine. Many thanks to Dale Nolte, Mike Bodenchuk, and Kevin Grant for helpful discussions about the MIS data and control activities. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers and the subject matter editor for their constructive reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2339 EP 2346 DI 10.1002/eap.1383 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ1TR UT WOS:000385623900028 PM 27755739 ER PT J AU Korol, AR Ahn, C Noe, GB AF Korol, Alicia R. Ahn, Changwoo Noe, Gregory B. TI Richness, biomass, and nutrient content of a wetland macrophyte community affect soil nitrogen cycling in a diversity-ecosystem functioning experiment SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Denitrification potential; Net ammonification potential; Net nitrification potential; Plant stoichiometry; Structural equation modeling; Wetland plant richnessa ID CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; PLANT DIVERSITY; EXPERIMENTAL GRASSLAND; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; RESTORED WETLANDS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CREATED WETLANDS; RIPARIAN WETLAND; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION AB The development of soil nitrogen (N) cycling in created wetlands promotes the maturation of multiple biogeochemical cycles necessary for ecosystem functioning. This development proceeds from gradual changes in soil physicochemical properties and influential characteristics of the plant community, such as competitive behavior, phenology, productivity, and nutrient composition. In the context of a 2-year diversity experiment in freshwater mesocosms (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 richness levels), we assessed the direct and indirect impacts of three plant community characteristics - species richness, total biomass, and tissue N concentration - on three processes in the soil N cycle - soil net ammonification, net nitrification, and denitrification potentials. Species richness had a positive effect on net ammonification potential (NAP) through higher redox potentials and likely faster microbial respiration. All NAP rates were negative, however, due to immobilization and high rates of ammonium removal. Net nitrification was inhibited at higher species richness without mediation from the measured soil properties. Higher species richness also inhibited denitrification potential through increased redox potential and decreased nitrification. Both lower biomass and/or higher tissue ratios of carbon to nitrogen, characteristics indicative of the two annual plants, were shown to have stimulatory effects on all three soil N processes. The two mediating physicochemical links between the young macrophyte community and microbial N processes were soil redox potential and temperature. Our results suggest that early-successional annual plant communities play an important role in the development of ecosystem N multifunctionality in newly created wetland soils. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Korol, Alicia R.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Policy, 4400 Univ Dr,MS5F2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ahn, C (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Policy, 4400 Univ Dr,MS5F2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM cahn@gmu.edu FU Thomas F. and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust Fund [222101]; Virginia Academy of Sciences; George Mason University Patriot Green Fund; National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was sponsored by the Thomas F. and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust Fund (grant number 222101), a Virginia Academy of Sciences small project research grant, the George Mason University Patriot Green Fund, and the National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We are grateful to 2012 and 2013 EVPP 378 students for assistance with the construction and planting of the experimental mesocosms. Special thanks to Dr. Paul Keddy and Lisa Williams for their help in selecting plant functional groups and species for study. We thank Mary Means, Kate Blackwell, Jackie Batson, Danielle Rigley, Alex Sessums, Grant Korol, Peter Nguyen, and Charles Cressey among many others for their contributions in the lab and field. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 48 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 95 BP 252 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.057 PG 14 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA DY8HX UT WOS:000385371400031 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, R King, RW Wells, RE Lancaster, M Miller, MM AF McCaffrey, Robert King, Robert W. Wells, Ray E. Lancaster, Matthew Miller, M. Meghan TI Contemporary deformation in the Yakima fold and thrust belt estimated with GPS SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Space geodetic surveys; Plate motions; Continental neotectonics; Continental tectonics: compressional; North America ID SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; SADDLE MOUNTAINS; ANTICLINE; OREGON; ARC AB Geodetic, geologic and palaeomagnetic data reveal that Oregon (western USA) rotates clockwise at 0.3 to 1.0 degrees Ma(-1) (relative to North America) about an axis near the Idaho-Oregon-Washington border, while northeast Washington is relatively fixed. This rotation has been going on for at least 15 Ma. The Yakima fold and thrust belt (YFTB) forms the boundary between northern Oregon and central Washington where convergence of the clockwise-rotating Oregon block is apparently accommodated. North-south shortening across the YFTB has been thought to occur in a fan-like manner, increasing in rate to the west. We obtained high-accuracy, high-density geodetic GPS measurements in 2012-2014 that are used with earlier GPS measurements from the 1990s to characterize YFTB kinematics. The new results show that the deformation associated with the YFTB starts at the Blue Mountains Anticline in northern Oregon and extends north beyond the Frenchman Hills in Washington, past the epicentre of the 1872 M-w 7.0 Entiat earthquake to 49 degrees N. The north-south strain rate across the region is 2 to 3 x 10(-9) yr(-1) between the volcanic arc and the eastern edge of the YFTB (241.0 degrees E); east of there it drops to about 10(-9) yr(-1). At the eastern boundary of the YFTB, faults and earthquake activity are truncated by a north-trending, narrow zone of deformation that runs along the Pasco Basin and Moses Lake regions near 240.9 degrees E. This zone, abutting the Department of Energy Hanford Nuclear Reservation, accommodates about 0.5 mm yr(-1) of east to northeast shortening. A similar zone of N-trending transpression is seen along 239.9 degrees E where there is a change in the strike of the Yakima folds. The modern deformation of the YFTB is about 600 km wide from south to north and internally may be controlled by pre-existing crustal structure. C1 [McCaffrey, Robert; Lancaster, Matthew] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [King, Robert W.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wells, Ray E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Miller, M. Meghan] UNAVCO, Boulder, CO USA. RP McCaffrey, R (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM mccafr@gmail.com FU NEHRP [G12AP20021, G12AP20032]; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under NSF [EAR-0735156] FX Helping in the 2012-2014 field observations were Stan Liffmann, Ray Clayton, John Omer, Steve Reidel, Wade Holter and Sara, Emily, Hope and Jack McCaffrey. We thank the many landowners who allowed access to GPS marks. Wayne Thatcher, Mike Lisowski and Walter Szeliga contributed GPS observations. Helpful reviews were provided by Steve Reidel, Brian Sherrod, Takeshi Sagiya and Zheng-Kang Shen. Continuous GPS data were obtained from SOPAC, UNAVCO, and PANGA/CWU archives. W. Szeliga provided metadata for the PANGA files. RM and RWK are supported by NEHRP grants G12AP20021 and G12AP20032, respectively. We acknowledge equipment services provided by the UNAVCO Facility with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EAR-0735156. All GPS field data and logsheets are archived at UNAVCO and the velocity field is given in the Supporting Information. Strain rate calculations were done with TDEFNODE (McCaffrey 2009; web.pdx.edu/similar to mccafr/defnode) and figures were drawn with GMT (Wessel & Smith 1998; www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 207 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1093/gji/ggw252 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DX8PO UT WOS:000384651200001 ER PT J AU Koch, JC AF Koch, Joshua C. TI Lateral and subsurface flows impact arctic coastal plain lake water budgets SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Arctic thaw lakes; drained lakes; water budgets; subsurface flow; permafrost; evapotranspiration ID BOREAL CATCHMENT UNDERLAIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WETLAND COMPLEX; NORTH SLOPE; THAW LAKES; PERMAFROST; ALASKA; EVAPORATION; RUNOFF; HYDROLOGY AB Arctic thaw lakes are an important source of water for aquatic ecosystems, wildlife, and humans. Many recent studies have observed changes in Arctic surface waters related to climate warming and permafrost thaw; however, explaining the trends and predicting future responses to warming is difficult without a stronger fundamental understanding of Arctic lake water budgets. By measuring and simulating surface and subsurface hydrologic fluxes, this work quantified the water budgets of three lakes with varying levels of seasonal drainage, and tested the hypothesis that lateral and subsurface flows are a major component of the post-snowmelt water budgets. A water budget focused only on post-snowmelt surface water fluxes (stream discharge, precipitation, and evaporation) could not close the budget for two of three lakes, even when uncertainty in input parameters was rigorously considered using a Monte Carlo approach. The water budgets indicated large, positive residuals, consistent with up to 70% of mid-summer inflows entering lakes from lateral fluxes. Lateral inflows and outflows were simulated based on three processes; supra-permafrost subsurface inflows from basin-edge polygonal ground, and exchange between seasonally drained lakes and their drained margins through runoff and evapotranspiration. Measurements and simulations indicate that rapid subsurface flow through highly conductive flowpaths in the polygonal ground can explain the majority of the inflow. Drained lakes were hydrologically connected to marshy areas on the lake margins, receiving water from runoff following precipitation and losing up to 38% of lake efflux to drained margin evapotranspiration. Lateral fluxes can be a major part of Arctic thaw lake water budgets and a major control on summertime lake water levels. Incorporating these dynamics into models will improve our ability to predict lake volume changes, solute fluxes, and habitat availability in the changing Arctic. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Koch, Joshua C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Koch, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jkoch@usgs.gov OI Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982 FU Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area FX This work was part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and was supported by the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. Thanks to D. Rosenberry, S. Jepsen, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript; F. Urban for assistance with the USGS Climate Monitoring network data; L. Garey, M. Gilbertson, and E. Torvinen for measuring the active layer transect; D. Rosenberry, D. Stannard, and M. Walvoord, for helpful discussion; R. Healy for providing the Guelph Permeameter; and T. Shoemaker and Arctic Air Alaska for superb transportation to the remote field site. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 30 IS 21 BP 3918 EP 3931 DI 10.1002/hyp.10917 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DY9DS UT WOS:000385434400012 ER PT J AU Gallo, K Xian, G AF Gallo, Kevin Xian, George TI Changes in satellite-derived impervious surface area at US historical climatology network stations SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Impervious surface area; Land cover change; Urbanization; Climate station siting ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; USE/LAND COVER CHANGE; LAND-COVER; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; URBANIZATION; IMPACTS; IMAGERY; REGION AB The difference between 30 m gridded impervious surface area (ISA) between 2001 and 2011 was evaluated within 100 and 1000 m radii of the locations of climate stations that comprise the US Historical Climatology Network. The amount of area associated with observed increases in ISA above specific thresholds was documented for the climate stations. Over 32% of the USHCN stations exhibited an increase in ISA of >= 20% between 2001 and 2011 for at least 1% of the grid cells within a 100 m radius of the station. However, as the required area associated with ISA change was increased from >= 1% to >= 10%, the number of stations that were observed with a >= 20% increase in ISA between 2001 and 2011 decreased to 113 (9% of stations). When the 1000 m radius associated with each station was examined, over 52% (over 600) of the stations exhibited an increase in ISA of >= 20% within at least 1% of the grid cells within that radius. However, as the required area associated with ISA change was increased to >= 10% the number of stations that were observed with a >= 20% increase in ISA between 2001 and 2011 decreased to 35 (less than 3% of the stations). The gridded ISA data provides an opportunity to characterize the environment around climate stations with a consistently measured indicator of a surface feature. Periodic evaluations of changes in the ISA near the USHCN and other networks of stations are recommended to assure the local environment around the stations has not significantly changed such that observations at the stations may be impacted. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). C1 [Gallo, Kevin] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Gallo, Kevin; Xian, George] US Geol Survey, Earth Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gallo, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM kevin.p.gallo@noaa.gov; xian@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 FU NOAA/NESDIS; U.S. Geological Survey; Center for Satellite Applications and Research FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Shelley McNeill and Russell Vose of NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) with providing detailed USHCN station sensor location information. This manuscript was partially supported by the NOAA/NESDIS, Center for Satellite Applications and Research and U.S. Geological Survey. The manuscript contents do not constitute a statement of endorsement, policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 120 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.08.006 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DZ1KQ UT WOS:000385597700007 ER PT J AU Wille, M McBurney, S Robertson, GJ Wilhelm, SI Blehert, DS Soos, C Dunphy, R Whitney, H AF Wille, Michelle McBurney, Scott Robertson, Gregory J. Wilhelm, Sabina I. Blehert, David S. Soos, Catherine Dunphy, Ron Whitney, Hugh TI A PELAGIC OUTBREAK OF AVIAN CHOLERA IN NORTH AMERICAN GULLS: SCAVENGING AS A PRIMARY MECHANISM FOR TRANSMISSION? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Canada; avian cholera; gulls; Laridae; Newfoundland; Pasteurella multocida; pelagic; scavenging ID PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; WATERFOWL; BIRDS; SEA; ANTARCTICA AB Avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is an endemic disease globally, often causing annual epizootics in North American wild bird populations with thousands of mortalities. From December 2006 to March 2007, an avian cholera outbreak caused mortality in marine birds off the coast of Atlantic Canada, largely centered 300-400 km off the coast of the island of Newfoundland. Scavenging gulls (Larus spp.) were the primary species detected; however, mortality was also identified in Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and one Common Raven (Corvus corax), a nonmarine species. The most common gross necropsy findings in the birds with confirmed avian cholera were acute fibrinous and necrotizing lesions affecting the spleen, air sacs, and pericardium, and nonspecific hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The etiologic agent, P. multocida serotype 1, was recovered from 77 of 136 carcasses examined, and confirmed or probable avian cholera was diagnosed in 85 cases. Mortality observed in scavenging gull species was disproportionately high relative to their abundance, particularly when compared to nonscavenging species. The presence of feather shafts in the ventricular lumen of the majority of larid carcasses diagnosed with avian cholera suggests scavenging of birds that died from avian cholera as a major mode of transmission. This documentation of an outbreak of avian cholera in a North American pelagic environment affecting primarily scavenging gulls indicates that offshore marine environments may be a component of avian cholera dynamics. C1 [Wille, Michelle] Mem Univ Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [McBurney, Scott] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Canadian Wildlife Hlth Cooperat, Atlantic Reg, Atlantic Vet Coll, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Robertson, Gregory J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife Res Div, 6 Bruce St, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada. [Wilhelm, Sabina I.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, 6 Bruce St, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada. [Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Soos, Catherine] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Whitney, Hugh] Forestry & Agrifoods Agcy, Div Anim Hlth, POB 7400, St John, NF A1E 3Y5, Canada. [Wille, Michelle] Uppsala Univ, Zoonos Sci Ctr, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, BMC, Husargatan 3,Box 256, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Wille, M (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada.; Wille, M (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Zoonos Sci Ctr, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, BMC, Husargatan 3,Box 256, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Michelle.Wille@imbim.uu.se OI Wille, Michelle/0000-0002-5629-0196 FU Strategic Applications of Genomics in the Environment FX Serotyping of P. multocida isolates was supported by Strategic Applications of Genomics in the Environment. We thank personnel on the Canadian Coast Guard and industry supply vessels, the oil and gas exploration, development and production facilities in Atlantic Canada, and concerned citizens of the Atlantic Provinces for reporting and collecting bird carcasses. We thank D. Fifield, P. Ryan, and C. Gjerdium from the Canadian Wildlife Service for surveying offshore and inshore locations for carcasses, and for collecting carcasses; D. Weeks (CHWC) and C. Keane (Newfoundland and Labrador Forestry and Agrifoods Agency) for their contributions during the outbreak; R. Janes (Newfoundland and Labrador Forestry and Agrifoods Agency) and A. Muckle (Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College) for completing the microbiologic screening of samples and isolation and lyophilization of P. multocida isolates; and B. Berlowski-Zier (US Geological Survey) for conducting serotype analyses of isolates. Comments from S. A. Iverson improved the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 BP 793 EP 802 DI 10.7589/2015-12-342 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DZ4RG UT WOS:000385846300003 PM 27455197 ER PT J AU Van Hemert, C Handel, CM AF Van Hemert, Caroline Handel, Colleen M. TI Blood Serum Chemistry of Wild Alaskan Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) with Avian Keratin Disorder SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian keratin disorder; beak deformity; Black-capped Chickadee; serum chemistry; uric acid ID BEAK DEFORMITIES; BIRDS; MOLT AB We measured serum chemistries in wild Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) from Alaska to test for potential differences associated with beak deformities characteristic of avian keratin disorder. Lower uric acid in affected birds was the only difference detected between groups, although sample sizes were small. This difference could be associated with fasting or malnutrition in birds with beak deformities, but it is challenging to interpret its biologic significance without reference values. Black-capped Chickadees had high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase relative to reference values for companion birds. However, all serum chemistry parameters from our study were within the range of values reported from other apparently healthy wild-caught birds. C1 [Van Hemert, Caroline; Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Van Hemert, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cvanhemert@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service Quick Response Program FX We thank S. Matsuoka, D. Ruthrauff, T. L. Tibbitts, and L. Pajot for assistance in the held, D. Mulcahy for expertise in the laboratory, and J. C. Franson for advice on laboratory analyses. A. Reeves and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved this manuscript. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, and by the collaborative US Geological Survey and US Fish and Wildlife Service Quick Response Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 BP 927 EP 930 DI 10.7589/2016-02-034 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DZ4RG UT WOS:000385846300020 PM 27434412 ER PT J AU Justice-Allen, A Orr, K Schuler, K McCarty, K Jacobson, K Meteyer, C AF Justice-Allen, Anne Orr, Kathy Schuler, Krysten McCarty, Kyle Jacobson, Kenneth Meteyer, Carol TI Bald Eagle Nestling Mortality Associated with Argas radiatus and Argas ricei Tick Infestation and Successful Management with Nest Removal in Arizona, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Argas radiatus; Argas ricei; artificial nest management; Bald Eagle; tick paralysis; West Nile virus ID SUBGENUS PERSICARGAS IXODOIDEA; HALIAEETUS-LEUCOCEPHALUS; UNITED-STATES; SERUM AB Eight Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nestlings heavily infested with larval ticks were found in or under a nest near the confluence of the Verde and Salt rivers in Arizona in 2009-11. The 8-12-wk-old nestlings were slow to respond to stimuli and exhibited generalized muscle weakness or paresis of the pelvic limbs. Numerous cutaneous and subcutaneous hemorrhages were associated with sites of tick attachment. Ticks were identified as Argas radiatus and Argas ricei. Treatment with acaricides and infection with West Nile virus (WNV) may have confounded the clinical presentation in 2009 and 2010. However, WNV-negative birds exhibited similar signs in 2011. One nestling recovered from paresis within 36 h after the removal of all adult and larval ticks (>350) and was released within 3 wk. The signs present in the heavily infested Bald Eagle nestlings resembled signs associated with tick paralysis, a neurotoxin-mediated paralytic syndrome described in mammals, reptiles, and wild birds (though not eagles). Removal of the infested nest and construction of a nest platform in a different tree was necessary to break the cycle of infection. The original nesting pair constructed a new nest on the man-made platform and successfully fledged two Bald Eagles in 2012. C1 [Justice-Allen, Anne; McCarty, Kyle; Jacobson, Kenneth] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Orr, Kathy] Liberty Wildlife Rehabil Fdn, 11825 N 70th St, Scottsdale, AZ 85254 USA. [Schuler, Krysten; Meteyer, Carol] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Meteyer, Carol] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Justice-Allen, A (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. EM ajustice-allen@azgfd.gov FU Wildlife Restoration Act [W-78-R]; US Fish and Wildlife Service Bald and Golden Eagle Permit for Arizona Game and Fish Department [MB43002A-0] FX We thank Toni Schwan and Brandi McCoy, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, and Lance Durden, Georgia Southern University, Statesville, Georgia, for assisting with tick identification; and Gregory Bradley at the University of Arizona Diagnostic Laboratory and Nancy Thomas at the US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center for histopathologv on eagle nestlings. Funding for Arizona Bald Eagle Nest. Watch Program was provided by Arizona Came and Fish Department's heritage Fund, Arizona Public Service, American Eagle Foundation, Fort: McDowell Yavapai Nation, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, Salt River Project, US Bureau of Land Management, US Bureau of Reclamation, US Department of Defense (Luke Air Force Base), US Forest Service (Apache-Sitgreaves, Kaibab, Prescott, and Tonto National Forests), US Fish and Wildlife Service (State Wildlife Grant), and Verde Canyon Railroad. Additional funding came from Wildlife Restoration Act, Project W-78-R. US Fish and Wildlife Service Bald and Golden Eagle Permit for Arizona Game and Fish Department (MB43002A-0). Use of trade, product:, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 BP 940 EP 944 DI 10.7589/2015-10-271 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DZ4RG UT WOS:000385846300023 PM 27479902 ER PT J AU Gioia, E Speranza, G Ferretti, M Godt, JW Baum, RL Marincioni, F AF Gioia, Eleonora Speranza, Gabriella Ferretti, Maurizio Godt, Jonathan W. Baum, Rex L. Marincioni, Fausto TI Application of a process-based shallow landslide hazard model over a broad area in Central Italy SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE Deterministic model; Infiltration; Pore pressure; Shallow landslide; Italy ID GREAT ANCONA LANDSLIDE; NOVEMBER 2000; DEBRIS FLOWS; RAINFALL; SLOPE; INFILTRATION; THRESHOLDS; WASHINGTON; MECHANISMS; INITIATION AB Process-based models are widely used for rainfall-induced shallow landslide forecasting. Previous studies have successfully applied the U.S. Geological Survey's Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability (TRIGRS) model (Baum et al. 2002) to compute infiltration-driven changes in the hillslopes' factor of safety on small scales (i.e., tens of square kilometers). Soil data input for such models are difficult to obtain across larger regions. This work describes a novel methodology for the application of TRIGRS over broad areas with relatively uniform hydrogeological properties. The study area is a 550-km(2) region in Central Italy covered by post-orogenic Quaternary sediments. Due to the lack of field data, we assigned mechanical and hydrological property values through a statistical analysis based on literature review of soils matching the local lithologies. We calibrated the model using rainfall data from 25 historical rainfall events that triggered landslides. We compared the variation of pressure head and factor of safety with the landslide occurrence to identify the best fitting input conditions. Using calibrated inputs and a soil depth model, we ran TRIGRS for the study area. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, comparing the model's output with a shallow landslide inventory, shows that TRIGRS effectively simulated the instability conditions in the post-orogenic complex during historical rainfall scenarios. The implication of this work is that rainfall-induced landslides over large regions may be predicted by a deterministic model, even where data on geotechnical and hydraulic properties as well as temporal changes in topography or subsurface conditions are not available. C1 [Gioia, Eleonora; Marincioni, Fausto] Univ Politecn Marche, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. [Speranza, Gabriella; Ferretti, Maurizio] Funct Ctr Civil Protect Marche Reg, Via Colle Ameno 5, I-60126 Ancona, Italy. [Godt, Jonathan W.; Baum, Rex L.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Marincioni, F (reprint author), Univ Politecn Marche, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. EM f.marincioni@univpm.it OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970 FU Civil Protection of the Marche Region; USGS Geologic Hazards Science Center in Denver, Colorado FX This work is part of a Ph.D. project in Civil and Environmental Protection at the Universita Politecnica delle Marche at Ancona, Italy, supported by the Civil Protection of the Marche Region and the USGS Geologic Hazards Science Center in Denver, Colorado. Authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for the encouraging and constructive comments, which helped improve this manuscript. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X EI 1612-5118 J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD OCT PY 2016 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1214 DI 10.1007/s10346-015-0670-6 PG 18 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA DY5WH UT WOS:000385174600025 ER PT J AU Galbraith, HS Blakeslee, CJ Cole, JC Talbert, CA Maloney, KO AF Galbraith, H. S. Blakeslee, C. J. Cole, J. C. Talbert, C. A. Maloney, K. O. TI Evaluating Methods to Establish Habitat Suitability Criteria: A Case Study in the Upper Delaware River Basin, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flow management; habitat assessment; Delphi panel; IFIM; environmental flows; trout; shad ID BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; FLOW ASSESSMENT; FRESH-WATER; TRANSFERABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MODELS; SALAR AB Defining habitat suitability criteria (HSC) of aquatic biota can be a key component to environmental flow science. HSC can be developed through numerous methods; however, few studies have evaluated the consistency of HSC developed by different methodologies. We directly compared HSC for depth and velocity developed by the Delphi method (expert opinion) and by two primary literature meta-analyses (literature-derived range and interquartile range) to assess whether these independent methods produce analogous criteria for multiple species (rainbow trout, brown trout, American shad, and shallow fast guild) and life stages. We further evaluated how these two independently developed HSC affect calculations of habitat availability under three alternative reservoir management scenarios in the upper Delaware River at a mesohabitat (main channel, stream margins, and flood plain), reach, and basin scale. In general, literature-derived HSC fell within the range of the Delphi HSC, with highest congruence for velocity habitat. Habitat area predicted using the Delphi HSC fell between the habitat area predicted using two literature-derived HSC, both at the basin and the site scale. Predicted habitat increased in shallow regions (stream margins and flood plain) using literature-derived HSC while Delphi-derived HSC predicted increased channel habitat. HSC generally favoured the same reservoir management scenario; however, no favoured reservoir management scenario was the most common outcome when applying the literature range HSC. The differences found in this study lend insight into how different methodologies can shape HSC and their consequences for predicted habitat and water management decisions. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Galbraith, H. S.; Blakeslee, C. J.; Cole, J. C.; Maloney, K. O.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Talbert, C. A.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Galbraith, HS (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM hgalbraith@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior's WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) program; U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Census; U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries Program FX We thank Erik Silldorff for comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior's WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) program and the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Census, and the U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1765 EP 1775 DI 10.1002/rra.3025 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DY9CW UT WOS:000385431600009 ER PT J AU Kock, TJ Perry, RW Gleizes, C Dammers, W Liedtke, TL AF Kock, T. J. Perry, R. W. Gleizes, C. Dammers, W. Liedtke, T. L. TI Angler Harvest, Hatchery Return, and Tributary Stray Rates of Recycled Adult Summer Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Cowlitz River, Washington SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus mykiss; steelhead; telemetry; recycling; multistate model ID ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; CHINOOK SALMON; WILD; POPULATIONS; MECHANISMS; PROGRAM; SUCCESS; FISH AB Hatchery recycling' programs have been used to increase angling opportunities by re-releasing fish into a river after they returned to a hatchery or fish trap. Recycling is intended to increase opportunities for fishermen, but this strategy could affect wild fish populations if some recycled fish remain in the river and interact with wild fish populations. To quantify hatchery return and angler harvest rates of recycled steelhead, we conducted a 2-year study on the Cowlitz River, Washington. A total of 1051 steelhead were recycled, including 218 fish that were radio-tagged. Fates of recycled steelhead were similar between years: 48.4% returned to the hatchery, 19.2% were reported captured by anglers, and 32.4% remained in the river. A multistate model quantified the effects of covariates on hatchery return and angler harvest rates, which were positively affected by river discharge and negatively affected by time since release. However, hatchery return rates increased and angler harvest rates decreased during periods of increasing discharge. A total of 21.1% (46 fish) of the radio-tagged steelhead failed to return to the hatchery or be reported by anglers, but nearly half of those fish (20 fish) appeared to be harvested and not reported. The remaining tagged fish (11.9% of the radio-tagged population) were monitored into the spawning period, but only five fish (2.3% of the radio-tagged population) entered tributaries where wild steelhead spawning occurs. Future research focused on straying behaviour, and spawning success of recycled steelhead may further advance the understanding of the effects of recycling as a management strategy. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kock, T. J.; Perry, R. W.; Liedtke, T. L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Gleizes, C.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA USA. [Dammers, W.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Salkum, WA USA. RP Kock, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM tkock@usgs.gov FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Columbia River Salmon and Steelhead Endorsement Program FX We would like to thank the following people for their assistance with this project: Wade Heimbigner with the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; Missy Baier, Scott Gibson, Jamie Murphy, and Mark LaRiviere with Tacoma Power; Mike Blankenship, Teresa Fryer, and John Serl with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; and our colleagues the Columbia River Research Laboratory. Funding for this study was provided by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife with funds provided through the Columbia River Salmon and Steelhead Endorsement Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1790 EP 1799 DI 10.1002/rra.3023 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DY9CW UT WOS:000385431600011 ER PT J AU Gosch, NJC Miller, ML Gemeinhardt, TR Starks, TA Civiello, AP Long, JM Bonneau, JL AF Gosch, N. J. C. Miller, M. L. Gemeinhardt, T. R. Starks, T. A. Civiello, A. P. Long, J. M. Bonneau, J. L. TI Age-0 Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Consumption in the Lower Missouri River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE shovelnose sturgeon; diet; Missouri River; pallid sturgeon ID SCAPHIRHYNCHUS SPP.; DIET COMPOSITION; PALLID STURGEON; GROWTH; LARVAL; FOOD AB A lack of nutritious food during the first year of life is a hypothesized factor that may limit survival of endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus in the lower Missouri River (LMOR). Unfortunately, information for age-0 pallid sturgeon diets remains limited, but diet analyses for age-0 Scaphirhynchus spp. (sturgeon hereafter) have occurred. Little information, however, exists on age-0 sturgeon diets in the LMOR; thus, our primary objective was to document age-0 sturgeon diets in this system. We examined guts contents from 30 individuals, which were genetically identified as shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, and three stomachs were empty. The remaining age-0 shovelnose sturgeon consumed chironomid larvae almost exclusively (>98% of prey items consumed). Our results were similar to studies conducted in other systems, and it appears unlikely that a lack of nutritious food was a major factor affecting the individuals captured during this study. This effort provides important information to help guide ongoing adaptive management efforts in the LMOR. (c) 2016 The Authors. River Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C1 [Gosch, N. J. C.; Miller, M. L.; Gemeinhardt, T. R.] US Army Corps Engineers, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Starks, T. A.; Civiello, A. P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Long, J. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bonneau, J. L.] US Army Corps Engineers, Yankton, SD USA. RP Gosch, NJC (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. EM Nathan.J.Gosch@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kansas City District through United States Geological Survey [G12AC20430]; U.S. Geological Survey; Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Steven Chipps provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank Kevin Montemayor as well as numerous other U.S. Army Corps of Engineers staff for field assistance. This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kansas City District through the United States Geological Survey (Cooperative Agreement Number G12AC20430). The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University, the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, the Wildlife Management Institute and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1819 EP 1823 DI 10.1002/rra.3003 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DY9CW UT WOS:000385431600014 ER PT J AU Faust, DR Kroger, R Miranda, LE Rush, SA AF Faust, Derek R. Kroger, Robert Miranda, Leandro E. Rush, Scott A. TI Nitrate Removal from Agricultural Drainage Ditch Sediments with Amendments of Organic Carbon: Potential for an Innovative Best Management Practice SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Amendments; Microcosms; Nitrate; Nutrients; Organic carbon ID LOW-GRADE WEIRS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; HYDROLOGICAL VARIABILITY; PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; DENITRIFICATION; REDUCTION; ECOSYSTEM; STREAM; AQUACULTURE AB Agricultural fertilizer applications have resulted in loading of nutrients to agricultural drainage ditches in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) amendments on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) removal from overlying water, pore water, and sediment of an agricultural drainage ditch. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, control (i.e., no amendment), DOC, and POC treatments were applied in laboratory microcosms for time intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. In experiment 2, control, DOC, and POC treatments were applied in microcosms at C/N ratios of 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, and 20:1. There were statistically significant effects of organic carbon amendments in experiment 1 (F-2,F-71 = 27.1, P < 0.001) and experiment 2 (F-2,F-53 = 39.1, P < 0.001), time (F-1,F-71 = 14.5, P < 0.001) in experiment 1, and C/N ratio (F-1,F-53 = 36.5, P < 0.001) in experiment 2. NO3--N removal varied from 60 to 100 % in overlying water among all treatments. The lowest NO3--N removals in experiment 1 were observed in the control at 14 and 28 days, which were significantly less than in DOC and POC 14- and 28-day treatments. In experiment 2, significantly less NO3--N was removed in overlying water of the control compared to DOC and POC treatments at all C/N ratios. Amendments of DOC and POC made to drainage ditch sediment: (1) increased NO3--N removal, especially over longer time intervals (14 to 28 days); (2) increased NO3--N removal, regardless of C/N ratio; and (3) NO3--N removal was best at a 5:1 C/N ratio. This study provides support for continued investigation on the use of organic carbon amendments as a best management practice for NO3--N removal in agricultural drainage ditches. C1 [Faust, Derek R.; Rush, Scott A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kroger, Robert] Covington Civil & Environm LLC, 2510 14th St,Ste 1010, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA. [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish andWildlife Res Unit, Box 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Faust, Derek R.] ARS, Northern Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Faust, DR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.; Faust, DR (reprint author), ARS, Northern Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM derek.faust@ars.usda.gov FU Forest and Wildlife Research Center of Mississippi State University; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station of Mississippi State University FX We thank the Forest and Wildlife Research Center and Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station of Mississippi State University for financial support. We also extend gratitude to past and present members of the Water Quality Laboratory at Mississippi State University for their valuable contributions to this project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 227 IS 10 AR 378 DI 10.1007/s11270-016-3075-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DY8YT UT WOS:000385419200021 ER PT J AU Winton, RS Moorman, M Richardson, CJ AF Winton, R. Scott Moorman, Michelle Richardson, Curtis J. TI Waterfowl Impoundments as Sources of Nitrogen Pollution SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Wildlife management; Biogeochemistry; Denitrification ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; VASCULAR PLANTS; SHALLOW LAKE; FRESH-WATER; NUTRIENT; QUALITY; DECLINE; PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITIES AB Hydrologically controlled moist-soil impoundment wetlands provide critical habitat for high densities of migratory bird populations. Nutrients exported from heavily used impoundments by prescribed seasonal drawdown of surface water may contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. To investigate the relative importance of nutrient export from managed impoundment habitats, we conducted a field study at Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge in North Carolina, USA, which contains 1545 ha of impoundments that drain into hypereutrophic Lake Mattamuskeet. We found that prescribed hydrologic drawdowns of an impoundment exported roughly the same amount of nitrogen (N) as adjacent fertilized agricultural fields on a per-area basis and contributed approximately one fifth of total N load to Lake Mattamuskeet. The prescribed drawdown regime, designed to maximize waterfowl production in impoundments, may be exacerbating the degradation of habitat quality in the downstream lake as an unintended consequence. Few studies of wetland N dynamics have targeted impoundments managed to provide wildlife habitat, but a similar phenomenon may occur in some of the 36,000 ha of similarly managed moist-soil impoundments on National Wildlife Refuges in the southeastern USA, especially those hosting dense concentrations of waterfowl. We suggest an earlier seasonal drawdown could potentially mitigate impoundment N pollution and estimate it could reduce N export from our study impoundment by more than 70 %. C1 [Winton, R. Scott; Richardson, Curtis J.] Duke Univ, Wetland Ctr, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90333, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Moorman, Michelle] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mattamuskeet Natl Wildlife Refuge Off, Headquarters Rd, Fairfield, NC 27826 USA. RP Winton, RS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Wetland Ctr, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90333, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM scott.winton@gmail.com FU Carolina Bird Club; Duke University Wetland Center endowment; Duke University Graduate School FX We thank J. Bills for helping instrument the field site; W. Willis for assisting with laboratory analyses; M. River, M. Ho, and R. Lauzon for providing help and companionship in the field; P. Campbell, A. Stewart, and J. Fringeli of the US Fish and Wildlife Service for generous hospitality and providing access to the field site; J. Parker for helping design and construct static chambers; and D. Prasodjo for providing visual basic programming expertise. This manuscript was improved by comments from E. Bernhardt and D. Richter. Funding was provided by the Carolina Bird Club, the Duke University Wetland Center endowment and the Duke University Graduate School. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 227 IS 10 AR 390 DI 10.1007/s11270-016-3082-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DY8YT UT WOS:000385419200033 ER PT J AU Pugliese, A Farmer, WH Castellarin, A Archfield, SA Vogel, RM AF Pugliese, Alessio Farmer, William H. Castellarin, Attilio Archfield, Stacey A. Vogel, Richard M. TI Regional flow duration curves: Geostatistical techniques versus multivariate regression SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Flow-duration curve; Top-kriging; Linear regression; Prediction in ungauged basins (pub problem); Regional analysis; Geostatistics; Southeastern United States ID SPACE-BASED INTERPOLATION; UNGAUGED BASINS; STREAMFLOW VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; NETWORKS; INDEXES AB A period-of-record flow duration curve (FDC) represents the relationship between the magnitude and frequency of daily streamflows. Prediction of FDCs is of great importance for locations characterized by sparse or missing streamflow observations. We present a detailed comparison of two methods which are capable of predicting an FDC at ungauged basins: (1) an adaptation of the geostatistical method, Top-kriging, employing a linear weighted average of dimensionless empirical FDCs, standardised with a reference streamflow value; and (2) regional multiple linear regression of streamflow quantiles, perhaps the most common method for the prediction of FDCs at ungauged sites. In particular, Top-kriging relies on a metric for expressing the similarity between catchments computed as the negative deviation of the FDC from a reference streamflow value, which we termed total negative deviation (TND). Comparisons of these two methods are made in 182 largely unregulated river catchments in the southeastern U.S. using a three-fold cross-validation algorithm. Our results reveal that the two methods perform similarly throughout flow-regimes, with average Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiencies 0.566 and 0.662, (0.883 and 0.829 on log-transformed quantiles) for the geostatistical and the linear regression models, respectively. The differences between the reproduction of FDC's occurred mostly for low flows with exceedance probability (i.e. duration) above 0.98. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pugliese, Alessio; Castellarin, Attilio] Univ Bologna, Dept Civil Chem Environm & Mat Engn DICAM, Bologna, Italy. [Farmer, William H.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Archfield, Stacey A.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Vogel, Richard M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Pugliese, A (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Civil Chem Environm & Mat Engn DICAM, Bologna, Italy. EM alessio.pugliese3@unibo.it RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008; OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024; Farmer, William/0000-0002-2865-2196; Pugliese, Alessio/0000-0003-0403-0533 FU European Commission FP7 funded research project SWITCH-ON "Sharing Water-related Information to Tackle Changes in the Hydrosphere - for Operational Needs" [603587] FX The contribution from European Commission FP7 funded research project SWITCH-ON "Sharing Water-related Information to Tackle Changes in the Hydrosphere - for Operational Needs" (grant agreement number 603587) is thankfully acknowledged. The present work was partially developed within the framework of the Panta Rhei Research Initiative of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). Also, we would like to acknowledge A. Liguori and A. Bononi for their contributions to this research work with preliminary analyses and J.E. Kiang for her help providing data and information useful for the realization of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 96 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.06.008 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DY2YN UT WOS:000384958100002 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DJ Gonnermann, HM Ruprecht, P Plank, T Hauri, EH Houghton, BF Swanson, DA AF Ferguson, David J. Gonnermann, Helge M. Ruprecht, Philipp Plank, Terry Hauri, Erik H. Houghton, Bruce F. Swanson, Donald A. TI Magma decompression rates during explosive eruptions of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, recorded by melt embayments SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Basalticvolcanoes; Magmadecompressionrates; Melt embayments ID LAVA FOUNTAINS; BASALTIC ERUPTIONS; BUBBLE-GROWTH; ASCENT RATES; FRAGMENTATION; DIFFUSION; MODEL; WATER; GAS; CONSTRAINTS AB The decompression rate of magma as it ascends during volcanic eruptions is an important but poorly constrained parameter that controls many of the processes that influence eruptive behavior. In this study, we quantify decompression rates for basaltic magmas using volatile diffusion in olivine-hosted melt tubes (embayments) for three contrasting eruptions of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Incomplete exsolution of H2O, CO2, and S from the embayment melts during eruptive ascent creates diffusion profiles that can be measured using microanalytical techniques, and then modeled to infer the average decompression rate. We obtain average rates of similar to 0.05-0.45 MPa s(-1) for eruptions ranging from Hawaiian style fountains to basaltic subplinian, with the more intense eruptions having higher rates. The ascent timescales for these magmas vary from around similar to 5 to similar to 36 min from depths of similar to 2 to similar to 4 km, respectively. Decompression-exsolution models based on the embayment data also allow for an estimate of the mass fraction of pre-existing exsolved volatiles within the magma body. In the eruptions studied, this varies from 0.1 to 3.2 wt% but does not appear to be the key control on eruptive intensity. Our results do not support a direct link between the concentration of pre-eruptive volatiles and eruptive intensity; rather, they suggest that for these eruptions, decompression rates are proportional to independent estimates of mass discharge rate. Although the intensity of eruptions is defined by the discharge rate, based on the currently available dataset of embayment analyses, it does not appear to scale linearly with average decompression rate. This study demonstrates the utility of the embayment method for providing quantitative constraints on magma ascent during explosive basaltic eruptions. C1 [Ferguson, David J.; Ruprecht, Philipp; Plank, Terry] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Ferguson, David J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gonnermann, Helge M.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hauri, Erik H.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Houghton, Bruce F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, Kilauea, HI 96718 USA. [Ferguson, David J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Ruprecht, Philipp] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Ferguson, DJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.; Ferguson, DJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Ferguson, DJ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM d.j.ferguson@leeds.ac.uk FU NSF grant [EAR1145159, EAR1145187, EAR1348022, EAR1426820]; Lamont-Doherty Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This work was supported by NSF grant (EAR1145159). H.G. was supported by NSF grant EAR1145187. D.J.F. also acknowledges support from a Lamont-Doherty Postdoctoral Fellowship and P.R. from NSF grants EAR1348022 and EAR1426820. We are grateful to Julianne Gross at AMNH for assistance with the electron microprobe analysis, Alex Lloyd for discussions and lab support, and Jacob Lowenstern and Mike Poland for comments on an earlier version of the paper. We acknowledge reviews by Nicole Metrich and two anonymous reviewers. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 78 IS 10 AR 71 DI 10.1007/s00445-016-1064-x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY5RZ UT WOS:000385161300005 ER PT J AU Civitillo, D Ayuso, RA Lima, A Albanese, S Esposito, R Cannatelli, C De Vivo, B AF Civitillo, Diego Ayuso, Robert A. Lima, Annamaria Albanese, Stefano Esposito, Rosario Cannatelli, Claudia De Vivo, Benedetto TI Potentially harmful elements and lead isotopes distribution in a heavily anthropized suburban area: the Casoria case study (Italy) SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Environmental geochemistry; Urban geochemistry; Pb isotope geochemistry; Potential toxic elements ID URBAN GEOCHEMISTRY; HUMAN HEALTH; ND-PB; POLLUTION; METALS; ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; VESUVIUS; AEROSOLS; HISTORY AB This study presents the results of 12 trace elements that have been classified by Italian Environmental law as potentially dangerous to human health and new Pb isotope data for topsoils and soil profiles collected in the Casoria municipal area (Napoli). Elemental concentrations were determined in 126 topsoil samples and were produced interpolated distribution (MIDW) and baseline maps using GeoDAS software. Results show Casoria soils to be significantly enriched in several elements (e.g., Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn). Two geochemical sources were determined associating elemental distribution with the background values of Neapolitan soils: one geogenic and another one anthropogenic. High As, Co, Se and Tl concentrations are coherent with bedrock lithology, and elemental concentrations show the same values typical of Neapolitan volcanic soils. Higher Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn concentrations can be linked with anthropic activities coherent with previous studies in the Neapolitan area. Cr, Cu, Sb and V geochemical concentration and distribution shows both geogenic and anthropogenic influence. Pb isotope analyses allow the determination of the source of the Pb and the level of anthropogenic/geogenic influence on their concentration. Pb sources in the Casoria soils overlap the isotopic compositions typical of industrial soils/aerosols. This anthropic influence on Pb concentration is quantified by anthropogenic fraction (AF%). Casoria topsoil shows very high amount of anthropogenic Pb: AF% is 41-58 %. In profile soil samples leached (L) AF(%) is 31-43 % (topsoils) and 38-56 % (bottom soils); in profile soil samples residues (R) AF(%) is shifted toward the geologic signature, 18-43 % (topsoils) and 25-50 % (bottom soils). C1 [Civitillo, Diego; Lima, Annamaria; Albanese, Stefano; Esposito, Rosario; Cannatelli, Claudia; De Vivo, Benedetto] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Ayuso, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cannatelli, Claudia] Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile. [Esposito, Rosario] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Earth Planetary & Space Sci, 595 Charles Young Dr East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Civitillo, D (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. EM Diego.Civitillo@unina.it RI Esposito, Rosario/R-6613-2016 NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 75 IS 19 AR 1325 DI 10.1007/s12665-016-6093-4 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA DY5JF UT WOS:000385135100026 ER PT J AU Galt, NJ McCormick, SD Froehlich, JM Biga, PR AF Galt, Nicholas J. McCormick, Stephen D. Froehlich, Jacob Michael Biga, Peggy R. TI A comparative examination of cortisol effects on muscle myostatin and HSP90 gene expression in salmonids SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stress; Growth; Myostatin; HSP90; Hormone ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; HEAT-SHOCK; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; EXOGENOUS CORTISOL; ELEVATED CORTISOL; PLASMA-CORTISOL AB Cortisol, the primary corticosteroid in teleost fishes, is released in response to stressors to elicit local functions, however little is understood regarding muscle-specific responses to cortisol in these fishes. In mammals, glucocorticoids strongly regulate the muscle growth inhibitor, myostatin, via glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) leading to muscle atrophy. Bioinformatics methods suggest that this regulatory mechanism is conserved among vertebrates, however recent evidence suggests some fishes exhibit divergent regulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the conserved actions of cortisol on myostatin and hsp90 expression to determine if variations in cortisol interactions have emerged in salmonid species. Representative salmonids; Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); were injected intraperitoneally with a cortisol implant (50 gig body weight) and muscle gene expression was quantified after 48 h. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels were significantly elevated by cortisol in all species, demonstrating physiological effectiveness of the treatment. HSP90 mRNA levels were elevated by cortisol in brook trout, Chinook salmon, and Atlantic salmon, but were decreased in cutthroat trout. Myostatin mRNA levels were affected in a species, tissue (muscle type), and paralog specific manner. Cortisol treatment increased myostatin expression in brook trout (Salvelinus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo), but not in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus) or cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus). Interestingly, the VC alone increased myostatin mRNA expression in Chinook and Atlantic salmon, while the addition of cortisol blocked the response. Taken together, these results suggest that cortisol affects muscle-specific gene expression in species-specific manners, with unique Oncorhynchus-specific divergence observed, that are not predictive solely based upon mammalian stress responses. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Galt, Nicholas J.; Froehlich, Jacob Michael; Biga, Peggy R.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Biga, PR (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, 1300 Univ Blvd,CH 464, Birmingham, AL 35212 USA. EM pegbiga@uab.edu FU University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Biology start-up funds FX This work was supported by University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Biology start-up funds. We thank Michael O'Dea and Amy Regish for their help in carrying out cortisol implant experiments at the Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 237 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.019 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DY6JT UT WOS:000385212900003 PM 27444129 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Reed, JA Walther, P Link, P Schmutz, JA Douglas, DC Stallknecht, DE Soos, C AF Ramey, Andrew M. Reed, John A. Walther, Patrick Link, Paul Schmutz, Joel A. Douglas, David C. Stallknecht, David E. Soos, Catherine TI Evidence for the exchange of blood parasites between North America and the Neotropics in blue-winged teal (Anas discors) SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anas discors; Blue-winged teal; Hematozoa; Neotropics; North America; Plasmodium ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUSES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WILD BIRDS; INTERCONTINENTAL SPREAD; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; SPRING MIGRATION; PINTAILS; HEMATOZOA; HAEMOPROTEUS AB Blue-winged teal (Anas discors) are abundant, small-bodied dabbling ducks that breed throughout the prairies of the northcentral USA and central Canada and that winter in the southern USA and northern Neotropics. Given the migratory tendencies of this species, it is plausible that blue-winged teal may disperse avian pathogens, such as parasites causing avian malaria, between spatially distant areas. To test the hypothesis that blue-winged teal play a role in the exchange of blood parasites between North America and areas further south, we collected information on migratory tendencies of this species and sampled birds at spatially distant areas during breeding and non-breeding periods to diagnose and genetically characterize parasitic infections. Using a combination of band recovery data, satellite telemetry, molecular diagnostics, and genetic analyses, we found evidence for (1) migratory connectivity of blue-winged teal between our sampling locations in the Canadian prairies and along the US Gulf Coast with areas throughout the northern Neotropics, (2) parasite acquisition at both breeding and non-breeding areas, (3) infection of blue-winged teal sampled in Canada and the USA with Plasmodium parasite lineages associated with the Neotropics, and (4) infection of blue-winged teal with parasites that were genetically related to those previously reported in waterfowl in both North America and South America. Collectively, our results suggest that blue-winged teal likely play a role in the dispersal of blood parasites between the Neotropics and North America, and therefore, the targeting of this species in surveillance programs for the early detection of Neotropical-origin avian pathogens in the USA may be informative. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.; Reed, John A.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ramey, Andrew M.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, 589 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Walther, Patrick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Texas Chenier Plain Refuge Complex,4017 FM 563, Anahuac, TX 77514 USA. [Link, Paul] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 2000 Quail Dr,Room 436, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Soos, Catherine] Environm Canada, Prairie & Northern Wildlife Res Ctr, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Ramey, AM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, 589 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU US Geological Survey through Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area; Contaminants Biology Program of the Environmental Health Mission Area; Environment Canada; Alberta Conservation Association; Institute for Wetland; Waterfowl Research-Ducks Unlimited Canada; University of Saskatchewan FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area and the Contaminants Biology Program of the Environmental Health Mission Area. Canadian field work was funded by Environment Canada, Alberta Conservation Association, Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research-Ducks Unlimited Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan. Waterfowl captures in Canada were conducted in collaboration with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service personnel. Sample collection and/or deployment of PTTs were conducted with the help of Amy Wilson, Sofia Mlala, Gillian Treen, Jamille McLeod, Kailee Price, Emilie Bouchard, Karen Gesy, Ben Wilcox, George Newsome, Phillip Pauling, Paul Oesterle, Wade Broussard, Alinde Fojtik, Deborah Carter, Jeremiah Slagter, Nick Davis-Fields, Jim LaCour, Jacob Gray, and Kristen DeMarco. We thank Craig Ely for providing advice regarding obtaining and analyzing band recovery data. We appreciate critical reviews provided by John Pearce, Brandt Meixell, Michael Yabsley, and an anonymous reviewer. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 115 IS 10 BP 3923 EP 3939 DI 10.1007/s00436-016-5159-2 PG 17 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA DY5ME UT WOS:000385143100029 PM 27283961 ER PT J AU Boyd, JN Raymond, GA Call, GP Pistrang, MJ AF Boyd, Jennifer N. Raymond, Gregory A. Call, Geoff P. Pistrang, Mark J. TI Ecophysiological performance of the rare terrestrial orchid Platanthera integrilabia across contrasting habitats SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orchid; Ecophysiology; Photosynthesis; Platanthera integrilabia; Rare species ID LOCAL ADAPTATION; SHADE TOLERANCE; USE EFFICIENCY; PLANTS; FOREST; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; POPULATIONS; TRAITS; SEEDS; TAXA AB Platanthera integrilabia is a rare terrestrial orchid species generally associated with semiopen forested wetlands in the southeastern US. It has been suggested that P. integrilabia has restrictive abiotic resource requirements; however, these requirements have not been implicitly studied despite their potential application to species conservation. We investigated the influence of light and soil moisture on P. integrilabia at landscape and local scales and population and organismal levels across and within four occurrences with contrasting canopy openness. We also evaluated the potential for leaf-level physiological responses to light and soil moisture to reflect habitat suitability and influence performance. At landscape scales, light and soil moisture were not associated with P. integrilabia density or individual size. Across sites, measures of photosynthetic light response and water-use efficiency indicated that P. integrilabia can maximize photosynthetic efficiency and energy gain in contrasting light and soil moisture environments. Minimal associations of these measures with abiotic variations within sites suggested that the capacity for adjustments across small spatial and/or temporal scales may be limited. Preservation of existing habitats associated with viable P. integrilabia occurrences is warranted, but the leaf-level ecophysiology of this species indicates that its habitat suitability also could include more open and drier sites. For populations of P. integrilabia experiencing declines in habitats with recent disturbance, we suggest the possibility that well-managed modifications to canopy cover may be beneficial. C1 [Boyd, Jennifer N.; Raymond, Gregory A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. [Call, Geoff P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Tennessee Ecol Serv Field Off, 446 Neal St, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. [Pistrang, Mark J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Cherokee Natl Forest, Cleveland, TN 37312 USA. RP Boyd, JN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. EM jennifer-boyd@utc.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Tennessee at Chattanooga FX The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided the primary funding support for this project. The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga provided supplemental funding and logistical support. We thank Adam Dattilo, Tara Littlefield, and Marie Tackett for orienting us to the study sites, assisting us with site access permissions, and providing invaluable information about our study species from their personnel experiences. We also appreciate Matt Richards for sharing his experience with ongoing species conservation efforts. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the U.S. Forest Service. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 217 IS 10 BP 1259 EP 1272 DI 10.1007/s11258-016-0653-2 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DY6DX UT WOS:000385197700008 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD McCleskey, RB Hermosillo, E AF Tillman, Fred D. McCleskey, R. Blaine Hermosillo, Edyth TI Investigation of Total and Hexavalent Chromium in Filtered and Unfiltered Groundwater Samples at the Tucson International Airport Superfund Site SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater contamination; Hexavalent chromium; Wells; Water quality AB Potential health effects from hexavalent chromium in groundwater have recently become a concern to regulators at the Tucson International Airport Area Superfund site. In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey sampled 46 wells in the area to characterize the nature and extent of chromium in groundwater, to understand what proportion of total chromium is in the hexavalent state, and to determine if substantial differences are present between filtered and unfiltered chromium concentrations. Results indicate detectable chromium concentrations in all wells, over 75 % of total chromium is in the hexavalent state in a majority of wells, and filtered and unfiltered results differ substantially in only a few high-turbidity total chromium samples. C1 [Tillman, Fred D.; Hermosillo, Edyth] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X FU U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC) FX This study was funded by the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC) and we thank George Warner of AFCEC for his support. We also thank Sarah Simmons of GHD, Richard Balmes of AECOM, and personnel from Tucson Water including Chuck Faas, Mike Metzinger, Jalal Mahmoudi, Jerry Heurstel, Brian West, Ricardo Garcia, and Jim Hoppe for their assistance with well sampling. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 97 IS 4 BP 543 EP 547 DI 10.1007/s00128-016-1882-8 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DW5RV UT WOS:000383705500017 PM 27412339 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE Drake, KD AF Juracek, K. E. Drake, K. D. TI Mining-Related Sediment and Soil Contamination in a Large Superfund Site: Characterization, Habitat Implications, and Remediation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mining; Contamination; Sediment; Soil; Habitat; Remediation; Lead; Zinc ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; CLARK FORK RIVER; HEAVY-METALS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; ZINC; LEAD; FLOODPLAIN; OKLAHOMA; CADMIUM; DISTRICT AB Historical mining activity (1850-1970) in the now inactive Tri-State Mining District provided an ongoing source of lead and zinc to the environment including the US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site located in Cherokee County, southeast Kansas, USA. The resultant contamination adversely affected biota and caused human health problems and risks. Remediation in the Superfund site requires an understanding of the magnitude and extent of contamination. To provide some of the required information, a series of sediment and soil investigations were conducted in and near the Superfund site to characterize lead and zinc contamination in the aquatic and floodplain environments along the main-stem Spring River and its major tributaries. In the Superfund site, the most pronounced lead and zinc contamination, with concentrations that far exceed sediment quality guidelines associated with potential adverse biological effects, was measured for streambed sediments and floodplain soils located within or downstream from the most intensive mining-affected areas. Tributary streambeds and floodplains in affected areas are heavily contaminated with some sites having lead and zinc concentrations that are an order of magnitude (or more) greater than the sediment quality guidelines. For the main-stem Spring River, the streambed is contaminated but the floodplain is mostly uncontaminated. Measured lead and zinc concentrations in streambed sediments, lakebed sediments, and floodplain soils documented a persistence of the post-mining contamination on a decadal timescale. These results provide a basis for the prioritization, development, and implementation of plans to remediate contamination in the affected aquatic and floodplain environments within the Superfund site. C1 [Juracek, K. E.] US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Drake, K. D.] Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Geosci, 420 Flarsheim Hall,5110 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM kjuracek@usgs.gov FU Kansas Department of Health and Environment; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The sediment and soil contamination studies completed by the U.S. Geological Survey were made possible, in part, by financial support provided by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 58 IS 4 BP 721 EP 740 DI 10.1007/s00267-016-0729-8 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DX5KW UT WOS:000384420900012 PM 27357805 ER PT J AU Aguirre, AA Beasley, VR Augspurger, T Benson, WH Whaley, J Basu, N AF Aguirre, A. Alonso Beasley, Val R. Augspurger, Tom Benson, William H. Whaley, Janet Basu, Niladri TI One healthTransdisciplinary opportunities for SETAC leadership in integrating and improving the health of people, animals, and the environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Animal; Ecotoxicology; One Health; Human health; Public health; Ecosystem; Review; Institutions ID ECOSYSTEMS; WILDLIFE; DISEASE AB One Health is a collaborative, transdisciplinary effort working locally, nationally, and globally to improve health for people, animals, plants, and the environment. The term is relatively new (from approximate to 2003), and it is increasingly common to see One Health included by name in interinstitutional research partnerships, conferences, communications, and organizational frameworks, particularly those championed by the human health and veterinary medical communities. Environmental quality is arguably the least developed component within the One Health framework, but can be guided by expertise within the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC). Despite SETAC's long history of tripartite (academic, government, business) interdisciplinary environmental science activities, the term One Health is seldom used in SETAC communications (i.e., many of SETAC's activities are guided by One Health, but it is called by other names in SETAC's journals, newsletters, and presentations). Accordingly, the objective of this Focus article is to introduce the One Health concept to the SETAC membership. The article discusses the origins, evolution, and utility of the One Health approach as an organizational framework and provides key examples of ways in which SETAC expertise can benefit the One Health community. The authors assert that One Health needs SETAC and, to be most effective, SETAC needs One Health. Given that One Health to date has focused too little on the environment, on ecosystems, and on contaminants, SETAC's constructive involvement in One Health presents an opportunity to accelerate actions that will ultimately better protect human and ecosystem health. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2383-2391. (c) 2016 SETAC C1 [Aguirre, A. Alonso] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Beasley, Val R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. [Benson, William H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Whaley, Janet] Exponent, Ecol & Biol Sci Practice, Alexandria, VA USA. [Basu, Niladri] McGill Univ, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Aguirre, AA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM aaguirr3@gmu.edu OI Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2383 EP 2391 DI 10.1002/etc.3557 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DY0UD UT WOS:000384810800001 PM 27717067 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Ekman, DR Teng, Q Ankley, GT Berninger, JP Cavallin, JE Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Schroeder, AL Villeneuve, DL Jorgenson, ZG Lee, KE Collette, TW AF Davis, John M. Ekman, Drew R. Teng, Quincy Ankley, Gerald T. Berninger, Jason P. Cavallin, Jenna E. Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Schroeder, Anthony L. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Jorgenson, Zachary G. Lee, Kathy E. Collette, Timothy W. TI Linking field-based metabolomics and chemical analyses to prioritize contaminants of emerging concern in the Great Lakes basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metabolomics; Fathead minnow; Contaminant; Screening; Great Lakes ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; WASTE-WATER; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SURFACE WATERS; IN-VITRO; PHARMACEUTICALS; METABOLITES; BIOMARKERS; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE AB The ability to focus on the most biologically relevant contaminants affecting aquatic ecosystems can be challenging because toxicity-assessment programs have not kept pace with the growing number of contaminants requiring testing. Because it has proven effective at assessing the biological impacts of potentially toxic contaminants, profiling of endogenous metabolites (metabolomics) may help screen out contaminants with a lower likelihood of eliciting biological impacts, thereby prioritizing the most biologically important contaminants. The authors present results from a study that utilized cage-deployed fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) at 18 sites across the Great Lakes basin. They measured water temperature and contaminant concentrations in water samples (132 contaminants targeted, 86 detected) and used H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure endogenous metabolites in polar extracts of livers. They used partial least-squares regression to compare relative abundances of endogenous metabolites with contaminant concentrations and temperature. The results indicated that profiles of endogenous polar metabolites covaried with at most 49 contaminants. The authors identified up to 52% of detected contaminants as not significantly covarying with changes in endogenous metabolites, suggesting they likely were not eliciting measurable impacts at these sites. This represents a first step in screening for the biological relevance of detected contaminants by shortening lists of contaminants potentially affecting these sites. Such information may allow risk assessors to prioritize contaminants and focus toxicity testing on the most biologically relevant contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2493-2502. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Davis, John M.; Ekman, Drew R.; Teng, Quincy; Collette, Timothy W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.; Berninger, Jason P.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Schroeder, Anthony L.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN USA. [Jorgenson, Zachary G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Bloomington, MN USA. [Lee, Kathy E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Davis, JM; Collette, TW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. EM Davis.John@epa.gov; Collette.Tim@epa.gov FU Great Lakes National Program Office; US Department of Energy; USEPA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellowship FX We thank J. Banda, S. Choy, E. Durhan, D. Gefell, C. LaLone, S. Langer, E. Makynen, M. Menheer, J. Moore, M. Pearson, M. Severson, and K. Stevens for technical assistance and T. Smith for research support. M. Berntsson and L. Eriksson (Umetrics) and S. Wenger provided guidance on statistical analyses. J.M. Davis was supported by the Great Lakes National Program Office and an appointment to the Postdoctoral Research Program at the National Exposure Research Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the USEPA. J.E. Cavallin was supported by an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellowship. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2493 EP 2502 DI 10.1002/etc.3409 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DY0UD UT WOS:000384810800016 PM 27027868 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE AF Miranda, L. E. TI Fishes in Paleochannels of the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley: A National Treasure SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; FLOODPLAIN LAKES; OXBOW LAKES; ASSEMBLAGES; CONNECTIVITY; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; EVOLUTION; RESPONSES; VALUES C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Mississippi State University, Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through J. Killgore, by Mississippi State University, Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks, and by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD OCT PY 2016 VL 41 IS 10 BP 578 EP 588 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DX9BU UT WOS:000384689100008 ER PT J AU Stoller, J Hayes, D Murry, B AF Stoller, J. Hayes, D. Murry, B. TI Effects of a rock-ramp fishway on summer fish assemblage in a Lake Huron tributary SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem connectivity; fish passage; relative abundance; species richness; stream fishes ID STRONACH DAM REMOVAL; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; TECHNICAL FISHWAYS; PINE RIVER; STREAM; PASSAGE; COMMUNITIES; CONNECTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; MICHIGAN AB The use of nature-like fishways to increase ecosystem connectivity has increased in recent years, but their effectiveness has rarely been evaluated. A rock ramp was constructed in the Shiawassee River in 2009, and post-construction effects (2011-2012) were evaluated on the summer fish assemblage by comparing fish assemblage composition to a nearby free-flowing river and a nearby river with a dam. Patterns of fish species richness, mean catch-per-unit-effort and proportional abundance in reaches upstream and downstream of the rock ramp, dam and comparable sites in the free-flowing river were evaluated. Overall, species richness by site and proportional abundance in the rock-ramp river were more similar to the free-flowing river, while species richness by reach was more similar to the dammed river. These findings suggest that the rock ramp has improved connectivity for the summer fish assemblage, but has not fully restored conditions to the level observed in a free-flowing river. C1 [Stoller, J.; Hayes, D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Stoller, J.] Nevada Dept Wildlife, 60 Youth Ctr Rd, Elko, NV USA. [Murry, B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Caribbean Landscape Conservat Cooperat, San Juan, PR USA. RP Stoller, J (reprint author), Nevada Dept Wildlife, 60 Youth Ctr Rd, Elko, NV USA. EM jstoller@ndow.org FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust; Saginaw Bay Watershed Initiative Network; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Central Michigan University; Michigan State University FX This work was primarily funded through a grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Trust with additional support from the Saginaw Bay Watershed Initiative Network and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (the findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) and matching funds from Central Michigan University and Michigan State University. We wish to thank several project collaborators without whom this work could not have been completed: Tracy Galarowicz, Melvin Haas, Clarence Fullard and Gabriel Madel would additionally thank Brian Roth for helpful comments on earlier drafts, Daelyn Woolnough for creating maps and many other people who volunteered in the field. We also worked closely with Joseph Leonardi from the Michigan Department of Nature Resources and Andrea Ania, Justin Chiotti, Joseph Gerbyshak and James Boase from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and we thank them for their logical support and many conversations that enhanced our project. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 23 IS 5 BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.1111/fme.12183 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DX8WQ UT WOS:000384672400007 ER PT J AU Klein, ER Harris, RB Fisher, RN Reeder, TW AF Klein, Elaine R. Harris, Rebecca B. Fisher, Robert N. Reeder, Tod W. TI Biogeographical history and coalescent species delimitation of Pacific island skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Emoia cyanura species group) SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE BioGeoBEARS; coalescent species delimitation; dispersal; divergence dating; Emoia; Pacific islands; phylogenetics; Scincidae ID MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENETIC NETWORKS; DISPERSAL; LIZARDS; ORIGIN; POPULATION; LACERTILIA; REPTILIA; EXAMPLE; MODEL AB AimA prevailing hypothesis for how Pacific islands organisms have obtained their extant distributions is that of a stepping-stone model, in which populations originate from Papua New Guinea in the western Pacific and gradually disperse eastward. Here, we test this model using a spatiotemporal framework for Emoia cyanura and E. impar, two species within the Emoia cyanura species group (ECSG; Family: Scincidae). We further assess species limits within the group, utilizing novel coalescent methods. LocationPacific Islands. MethodsWe obtained DNA sequence data from one mitochondrial and three nuclear markers for 117 individuals, representing seven of the nine species within the ECSG. These data were analysed for concordance with the stepping-stone model using estimation of population structure, divergence dates, and historical biogeographical range. To assess hypotheses of independent lineages within each widespread species, we also employed the Bayesian Phylogenetics & Phylogeography (BPP) program to define operational taxonomic units in *BEAST. ResultsPopulation structure analyses consistently found individuals from western island groups representing divergent populations, with central and eastern populations demonstrating minimal genetic variation. Phylogenetic hypotheses support a western origin for E. cyanura and E. impar, while biogeographical and divergence time estimations predict a recent and rapid expansion out of the western Pacific. The BPP and *BEAST analyses found evidence for five independent lineages within E. impar and five independent lineages within E. cyanura/E. pseudocyanura. Main conclusionsIn contrast to the expectations of a stepping-stone model, E. cyanura and E. impar each exhibit the genetic signature of a rapid radiation during the mid to late Pleistocene, with evidence for newly identified lineages, mainly on western islands. Of these recovered lineages, we propose three to be elevated to species status. These findings expand our understanding of endemic Pacific biota, which are subject to conservation threats from human impacts and climate change. C1 [Klein, Elaine R.] Univ Washington, Coll Educ, 1100 NE 45th St,Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Harris, Rebecca B.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA USA. [Reeder, Tod W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Klein, ER (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Educ, 1100 NE 45th St,Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM erklein@uw.edu FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0718124]; American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists' Gaige Award; Sigma Xi; Association for Women in Science San Diego FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-0718124, the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists' Gaige Award, Sigma Xi's Grants-in-Aid-of Research Program, and a scholarship from the Association for Women in Science San Diego. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1917 EP 1929 DI 10.1111/jbi.12772 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DY0FO UT WOS:000384772900003 ER PT J AU Beissinger, SR Iknayan, KJ Guillera-Arroita, G Zipkin, EF Dorazio, RM Royle, JA Kery, M AF Beissinger, Steven R. Iknayan, Kelly J. Guillera-Arroita, Gurutzeta Zipkin, Elise F. Dorazio, Robert M. Royle, J. Andrew Kery, Marc TI Incorporating Imperfect Detection into Joint Models of Communities: A response to Warton et al. SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SIZE C1 [Beissinger, Steven R.; Iknayan, Kelly J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beissinger, Steven R.; Iknayan, Kelly J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guillera-Arroita, Gurutzeta] Univ Melbourne, Sch Biosci, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol & Ecol, Evolutionary Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Behav Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] USGS, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Kery, Marc] Swiss Ornithol Inst, Sempach, Switzerland. RP Beissinger, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Beissinger, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bels@berkeley.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 31 IS 10 BP 736 EP 737 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2016.07.009 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DY1LL UT WOS:000384856400001 PM 27527258 ER PT J AU Tavernia, BG Lyons, JE Loges, BW Wilson, A Collazo, JA Runge, MC AF Tavernia, Brian G. Lyons, James E. Loges, Brian W. Wilson, Andrew Collazo, Jaime A. Runge, Michael C. TI An evaluation of rapid methods for monitoring vegetation characteristics of wetland bird habitat SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Habitat management; Monitoring; Observer effects; Visual estimates; Wetland management ID PLANT COVER; ABUNDANCE; CALIFORNIA AB Wetland managers benefit from monitoring data of sufficient precision and accuracy to assess wildlife habitat conditions and to evaluate and learn from past management decisions. For large-scale monitoring programs focused on waterbirds (waterfowl, wading birds, secretive marsh birds, and shorebirds), precision and accuracy of habitat measurements must be balanced with fiscal and logistic constraints. We evaluated a set of protocols for rapid, visual estimates of key waterbird habitat characteristics made from the wetland perimeter against estimates from (1) plots sampled within wetlands, and (2) cover maps made from aerial photographs. Estimated percent cover of annuals and perennials using a perimeter-based protocol fell within 10 percent of plot-based estimates, and percent cover estimates for seven vegetation height classes were within 20 % of plot-based estimates. Perimeter-based estimates of total emergent vegetation cover did not differ significantly from cover map estimates. Post-hoc analyses revealed evidence for observer effects in estimates of annual and perennial covers and vegetation height. Median time required to complete perimeter-based methods was less than 7 percent of the time needed for intensive plot-based methods. Our results show that rapid, perimeter-based assessments, which increase sample size and efficiency, provide vegetation estimates comparable to more intensive methods. C1 [Tavernia, Brian G.; Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Loges, Brian W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Brussels, IL 62013 USA. [Wilson, Andrew] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. [Tavernia, Brian G.] Nature Conservancy, Colorado Field Off, 2424 Spruce St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Tavernia, BG (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Colorado Field Off, 2424 Spruce St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM brian.tavernia@tnc.org FU National Wildlife Refuge System; Migratory Bird Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding was provided by the National Wildlife Refuge System and the Migratory Bird Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 24 IS 5 BP 495 EP 505 DI 10.1007/s11273-015-9476-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DX7FU UT WOS:000384552800001 ER PT J AU Lyons, JE Collazo, JA Herring, G AF Lyons, James E. Collazo, Jaime A. Herring, Garth TI Testing assumptions for conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Benthic invertebrates; Bird migration; Food availability; Impoundment; Prey depletion; South Carolina ID HABITAT; VALLEY; AVAILABILITY; INVERTEBRATE; WATERBIRDS; RESPONSES; BENTHOS; BIRDS AB Managed wetlands provide critical foraging and roosting habitats for shorebirds during migration; therefore, ensuring their availability is a priority action in shorebird conservation plans. Contemporary shorebird conservation plans rely on a number of assumptions about shorebird prey resources and migratory behavior to determine stopover habitat requirements. For example, the US Shorebird Conservation Plan for the Southeast-Caribbean region assumes that average benthic invertebrate biomass in foraging habitats is 2.4 g dry mass m(-2) and that the dominant prey item of shorebirds in the region is Chironomid larvae. For effective conservation and management, it is important to test working assumptions and update predictive models that are used to estimate habitat requirements. We surveyed migratory shorebirds and sampled the benthic invertebrate community in coastal managed wetlands of South Carolina. We sampled invertebrates at three points in time representing early, middle, and late stages of spring migration, and concurrently surveyed shorebird stopover populations at approximately 7-day intervals throughout migration. We used analysis of variance by ranks to test for temporal variation in invertebrate biomass and density, and we used a model based approach (linear mixed model and Monte Carlo simulation) to estimate mean biomass and density. There was little evidence of a temporal variation in biomass or density during the course of spring shorebird migration, suggesting that shorebirds did not deplete invertebrate prey resources at our site. Estimated biomass was 1.47 g dry mass m(-2) (95 % credible interval 0.13-3.55), approximately 39 % lower than values used in the regional shorebird conservation plan. An additional 4728 ha (a 63 % increase) would be required if habitat objectives were derived from biomass levels observed in our study. Polychaetes, especially Laeonereis culveri (2569 individuals m(-2)), were the most abundant prey in foraging habitats at our site. Polychaetes have lower caloric content than levels assumed in the regional plan; when lower caloric content and lower biomass levels are used to determine habitat objectives, an additional 6395 ha would be required (86 % increase). Shorebird conservation and management plans would benefit from considering the uncertainty in parameters used to derive habitat objectives, especially biomass and caloric content of prey resources. Iterative testing of models that are specific to the planning region will provide rapid advances for management and conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands. C1 [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.; Herring, Garth] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Herring, Garth] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lyons, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM james_lyons@fws.gov FU US Geological Survey Species at Risk Program FX A. Brees, F. Collazo, and J. Perkins provided expert assistance in the field. We thank R. Joyner, Center Manager, and the staff of the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center for logistic support. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey Species at Risk Program. B. Andres and two anonymous referees provided helpful comments on the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 24 IS 5 BP 507 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DX7FU UT WOS:000384552800002 ER PT J AU Wiltermuth, MT Anteau, MJ AF Wiltermuth, Mark T. Anteau, Michael J. TI Is consolidation drainage an indirect mechanism for increased abundance of cattail in northern prairie wetlands? SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquatic birds; Consolidation drainage; Habitat alteration; Invasive species; Land-use change; Watershed management; Wetland succession ID SEDIMENT LOAD; SEED BANKS; WATER LEVELS; LAND-USE; VEGETATION; TYPHA; MARSH; INVASIVENESS; EMERGENCE; DYNAMICS AB In the Prairie Pothole Region of North America, disturbances to wetlands that disrupt water-level fluctuations in response to wet-dry climatic conditions have the potential to alter natural vegetative communities in favor of species that proliferate in stable environments, such as cattail (Typha spp.). We evaluated the effect of water-level dynamics during a recent fluctuation in wet-dry conditions on cattail coverage within semipermanently and permanently ponded wetlands situated in watersheds with different land use and amounts of wetland drainage. We found that ponded water depth increase was significantly greater in wetlands where water levels were not near the spill point of the topographic basin, where banks were steeper, and in larger wetlands where past dry conditions had less influence on change in pond area. Proportion of the wetland covered by cattail was negatively correlated with increased water depth, bank slope and pond area. Our observations provide evidence that cattail coverage in prairie wetlands is regulated by water-level fluctuations and that land use surrounding the wetland might have an indirect effect on cattail coverage by altering water-level response to wet-dry climate conditions. For example, drainage of smaller wetlands into larger wetlands that are characterized by more permanent hydroperiods, leads to stabilized water levels near their spill point and is therefore a potential mechanism for increased cattail abundance in the northern prairie region. C1 [Wiltermuth, Mark T.; Anteau, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Wiltermuth, Mark T.] North Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Wiltermuth, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM mwiltermuth@usgs.gov OI Wiltermuth, Mark/0000-0002-8871-2816 FU North Dakota Department of Game and Fish-through the State Wildlife Grant; Plains and Prairie Pothole Landscape Cooperative, Ducks Unlimited-Great Plains Regional Office; Dr. Bruce D. J. Batt Fellowship in Waterfowl Conservation - Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research of Ducks Unlimited Canada; North Dakota State University; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by: North Dakota Department of Game and Fish-through the State Wildlife Grant; Plains and Prairie Pothole Landscape Cooperative, Ducks Unlimited-Great Plains Regional Office, Dr. Bruce D. J. Batt Fellowship in Waterfowl Conservation granted by the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research of Ducks Unlimited Canada, North Dakota State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thankJ. Bivens, J. Coulter, A. Lawton, L. McCauley, J. McClinton, P. Mockus, S. Paycer, J. H. Pridgen, A. Smith, N. Smith, andM. M. Weegman for assisting with wetland surveys, or GIS work. We also thank U.S. Fish and Wildlife service Refuge system and Water Management Districts in North Dakota for logistical support, as well as numerous private landowners. We appreciate the helpful comments provided on previous versions of this manuscript provided by M.G. Butler, M.E. Clark, E.S. DeKeyser, R.G. Finocchiaro, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 24 IS 5 BP 533 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s11273-016-9485-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DX7FU UT WOS:000384552800004 ER PT J AU Statham, MJ Aamoth, S Barthman-Thompson, L Estrella, S Fresquez, S Hernandez, LD Tertes, R Sacks, BN AF Statham, M. J. Aamoth, S. Barthman-Thompson, L. Estrella, S. Fresquez, S. Hernandez, L. D. Tertes, R. Sacks, B. N. TI Conservation genetics of the endangered San Francisco Bay endemic salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Field identification; Management; Morphology; Population subdivision; Species identification; Subspecies ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-GENETICS; SEQUENCE DATA; MITOCHONDRIAL; MICE; HYPOTHESIS; INFERENCE; UNITS; LOCI AB The salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM, Reithrodontomys raviventris) is an endangered species endemic to the San Francisco Bay region of California, USA, where habitat loss and fragmentation over the past century have reduced the mouse's distribution to < 25 % of its historical range. To aid in conservation prioritization, we first investigated the possibility of hybridization with the morphologically similar western harvest mouse (WHM, R. megalotis) in areas of sympatry and developed genetic tools to differentiate the two species. We then investigated the phylogeography and genetic structure of the SMHM, including support for currently recognized SMHM subspecies designations. Lastly, we evaluated the morphological criteria currently used for the identification of species in the field. Analyses using mtDNA cytochrome b sequences and 11 microsatellites from 142 mice indicated complete and substantial separation of the SMHM and WHM, with no evidence of hybridization. These genetic markers as well as the mtDNA control region also identified a deep genetic division within the SMHM concordant with the current subspecies designations, R. r. raviventris and R. r. halicoetes. We identified the lowest genetic diversity within the southern subspecies, which inhabits a much reduced and highly fragmented portion of the species range. Morphological field identification of harvest mouse species was more successful at identifying SMHM (92 %) than WHM (44 %), with a large portion of WHM being incorrectly identified as SMHM. Field identification of harvest mouse species in the range of the southern SMHM subspecies was just above 50 %, indicating that current methods for morphological differentiation of species in that area are insufficient. Our confirmation of genetically distinct SMHM subspecies highlights the importance of determining the status and genetic composition of relict populations in the remaining patches of marshland in the central San Francisco Bay where the two subspecies may occur, as well as developing better tools for the discrimination of species, particularly in the range of the southern subspecies. C1 [Statham, M. J.; Aamoth, S.; Fresquez, S.; Hernandez, L. D.; Sacks, B. N.] Univ Calif Davis, Vet Genet Lab, Mammalian Ecol & Conservat Unit, One Shields Ave,Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Barthman-Thompson, L.; Estrella, S.; Fresquez, S.; Hernandez, L. D.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Suisun Marsh Unit, Bay Delta Reg, 2109 Arch Airport Rd, Stockton, CA 95206 USA. [Tertes, R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Don Edwards San Francisco Bay Natl Wildlife Refug, One Marshlands Rd, Fremont, CA 94555 USA. [Sacks, B. N.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, One Shields Ave,Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Statham, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Vet Genet Lab, Mammalian Ecol & Conservat Unit, One Shields Ave,Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Statham@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife Grant [P1282009]; Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at UC Davis; DWR; UC Davis FX The primary funding for this research came from California Department of Fish and Wildlife Grant (P1282009). Additional funding came from the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at UC Davis. Thank you for to Bill Burkhard (DWR), Peter Moyle (UC Davis) for provision of student funding. SMHM survey cooperators include Karen Taylor (DFW Napa/Sonoma Wildlife Area), Stacy Martinelli (DFW, Fagen Marsh), John Krause (DFW, Eden Landing Ecological Reserve), USFWS staff Joy Albertson (Don Edwards SFB NWR), Meg Marriott (USFWS, San Pablo Bay NWR), and Isa Woo (USGS, San Pablo Bay). Thank you to Natalie Goddard, Michelle Holtz, and Sini Reponen for their help in the field and laboratory. Thank you to two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions improved the quality of this paper. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1055 EP 1066 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0843-4 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DV4ZK UT WOS:000382934400006 ER PT J AU Galindo, R Wilson, WD Caldwell, CA AF Galindo, Rene Wilson, Wade D. Caldwell, Colleen A. TI Geographic distribution of genetic diversity in populations of Rio Grande Chub Gila pandora SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Gila pandora; Southwestern United States; Native Fish; Arid lands; Connectivity ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; RE-IMPLEMENTATION; 50/500 RULE; SIZE; SOFTWARE; PERSISTENCE; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; GENERATIONS; PLEBEIUS AB In the southwestern United States (US), the Rio Grande chub (Gila pandora) is state-listed as a fish species of greatest conservation need and federally listed as sensitive due to habitat alterations and competition with non-native fishes. Characterizing genetic diversity, genetic population structure, and effective number of breeders will assist with conservation efforts by providing a baseline of genetic metrics. Genetic relatedness within and among G. pandora populations throughout New Mexico was characterized using 11 microsatellite loci among 15 populations in three drainage basins (Rio Grande, Pecos, Canadian). Observed heterozygosity (H-O) ranged from 0.71-0.87 and was similar to expected heterozygosity (0.75-0.87). Rio Ojo Caliente (Rio Grande) had the highest allelic richness (A(R) = 15.09), while Upper Rio Bonito (Pecos) had the lowest allelic richness (A(R) = 6.75). Genetic differentiation existed among all populations with the lowest genetic variation occurring within the Pecos drainage. STRUCTURE analysis revealed seven genetic clusters. Populations of G. pandora within the upper Rio Grande drainage (Rio Ojo Caliente, Rio Vallecitos, Rio Pueblo de Taos) had high levels of admixture with Q-values ranging from 0.30-0.50. In contrast, populations within the Pecos drainage (Pecos River and Upper Rio Bonito) had low levels of admixture (Q = 0.94 and 0.87, respectively). Estimates of effective number of breeders (N (b) ) varied from 6.1 (Pecos: Upper Rio Bonito) to 109.7 (Rio Grande: Rio Peasco) indicating that populations in the Pecos drainage are at risk of extirpation. In the event that management actions are deemed necessary to preserve or increase genetic diversity of G. pandora, consideration must be given as to which populations are selected for translocation. C1 [Galindo, Rene] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, 2980 South Espina St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Wilson, Wade D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southwestern Native Aquat Resources & Recovery Ct, 7116 Hatchery Rd, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. [Caldwell, Colleen A.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 2980 South Espina St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Caldwell, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 2980 South Espina St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ccaldwel@nmsu.edu FU United States (US) Forest Service-Santa Fe National Forest [IAG 09-IA-11031000-008]; US Bureau of Land Management [L09PG00403]; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish-Share with Wildlife Program; Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology at New Mexico State University FX Support was provided by the United States (US) Forest Service-Santa Fe National Forest (C. Cook) (IAG 09-IA-11031000-008), the US Bureau of Land Management (G. Gustina) (No. L09PG00403), and New Mexico Department of Game and Fish-Share with Wildlife Program. Field support was provided by R. Hansen of New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, M. Zeigler and S. Hall of New Mexico State University, Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology. Laboratory support was provided by R. Martin and M. Robinson, US Southwestern Aquatic Resources and Recovery Center. Additional support was provided by the Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology at New Mexico State University. This manuscript was substantially improved by comments from M. McPhee, R. Martin, M. Robinson, and T. Diver. Field collections were allowed under New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Authorization for Taking Protected Wildlife for Scientific and Educational Purposes Permit 3033 and New Mexico State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2011-003. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1091 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0845-2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DV4ZK UT WOS:000382934400008 ER PT J AU Lane, TW Hallerman, EM Jones, JW AF Lane, Timothy W. Hallerman, E. M. Jones, J. W. TI Phylogenetic and taxonomic assessment of the endangered Cumberland bean, Villosa trabalis and purple bean, Villosa perpurpurea (Bivalvia: Unionidae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Freshwater mussels; Mitochondrial ND1; Nacre color; Mantle lure; Species recovery plan ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; EPIOBLASMA-FLORENTINA-WALKERI; TOTAL CAROTENOID CONTENT; COLOR PEARL MUSSEL; HYRIOPSIS-CUMINGII; GENE; SHELL; DNA; CAPSAEFORMIS; PLEISTOCENE AB Inadequate understanding of the phylogeography, taxonomy, and historical distribution of two critically imperiled freshwater mussels, Cumberland bean, Villosa trabalis, and purple bean, Villosa perpurpurea, has hindered management and recovery actions related to population restoration within their extant ranges. For more than 100 years, the purple-to-pink nacre of V. perpurpurea and white nacre of V. trabalis have been the only defining phenotypic characteristics used to distinguish each species. Genetic samples were analyzed from 140 individuals collected from 10 streams located in Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky, representing all known extant populations of each species. A 784-bp section of the mitochondrial DNA ND1 region was sequenced to assess the phylogeography and taxonomic validity of these taxa. Results of our phylogenetic analyses showed 100 % Bayesian posterior support for two distinct clades, one occurring in the Cumberland River basin and the other in the Tennessee River basin, separated by a mean genetic distance of 4 %. Mean genetic distances between haplotypes within each clade was < 1 %. Among individuals from the Cumberland River basin, the nacre of shells was white to bluish-white, but in the Tennessee River basin, nacre graded from white to pink to dark purple; thus, nacre color is a variable and inconsistent character in nominal V. trabalis and V. perpurpurea occurring in the Tennessee River basin. Our data suggest that these morphologically similar species do not co-occur, as was previously believed. Instead, we conclude that the two species most likely share a common ancestor, but became isolated within each basin and experienced allopatric speciation. Updates to nomenclature, taxonomic placement, and recovery plans for the investigated species are needed. C1 [Lane, Timothy W.; Hallerman, E. M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jones, J. W.] Virginia Tech, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lane, TW (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM twln@vt.edu OI Lane, Timothy/0000-0003-4802-3749 FU Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); USFWS through a Rachel Carson Excellence in Science Award; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We thank Brian Watson with the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) and Brian Evans with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for funding our research. Additional funding was provided by USFWS through a Rachel Carson Excellence in Science Award to JWJ. Funding for EMH's participation in this work was provided in part by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture. We thank Don Hubbs and colleagues, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Gerald Dinkins and Hugh Faust, Dinkins Biological Consulting, LLC; Dr. Braven Beaty and Brett Ostby, Daguna, LLC; Megan Bradley and colleagues, VDGIF; Brian Evans and Shane Hanlon, USFWS, for assistance in collecting mussel tissue samples. We thank Pearce Cooper, Andrew Phipps, Caleb Price, and Daniel Schilling (Virginia Tech) for assisting with field collections and laboratory analyses. We thank Dr. Monte McGregor (Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources) and Todd Fobian (Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources) for collaboration with mantle lure photography and access to tissue samples from preserved specimens. We thank Dr. Arthur Bogan and colleagues (North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences) for access to preserved specimens. We are grateful to Bob Butler, USFWS for providing useful comments on a previous draft. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Commonwealth of Virginia or U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1124 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0847-0 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DV4ZK UT WOS:000382934400010 ER PT J AU Ochoa, A Wells, SA West, G Al-Smadi, M Redondo, SA Sexton, SR Culver, M AF Ochoa, Alexander Wells, Stuart A. West, Gary Al-Smadi, Ma'en Redondo, Sergio A. Sexton, Sydnee R. Culver, Melanie TI Can captive populations function as sources of genetic variation for reintroductions into the wild? A case study of the Arabian oryx from the Phoenix Zoo and the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve, Jordan SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Translocations; Admixture; mtDNA control region; Microsatellites; Population viability analysis; Oryx leucoryx ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; CONSERVATION GENETICS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; DIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; SOFTWARE; GENOMICS AB The Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) historically ranged across the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries until its extirpation in 1972. In 1963-1964 a captive breeding program for this species was started at the Phoenix Zoo (PHX); it ultimately consisted of 11 animals that became known as the 'World Herd'. In 1978-1979 a wild population was established at the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve (SWR), Jordan, with eight descendants from the World Herd and three individuals from Qatar. We described the mtDNA and nuclear genetic diversity and structure of PHX and SWR. We also determined the long-term demographic and genetic viability of these populations under different reciprocal translocation scenarios. PHX displayed a greater number of mtDNA haplotypes (n = 4) than SWR (n = 2). Additionally, PHX and SWR presented nuclear genetic diversities of = 2.88 vs. 2.75, = 0.469 vs. 0.387, and = 0.501 vs. 0.421, respectively. Although these populations showed no signs of inbreeding ( ae 0), they were highly differentiated ( = 0.580; P < 0.001). Migration between PHX and SWR (Nm = 1, 4, and 8 individuals/generation) increased their genetic diversity in the short-term and substantially reduced the probability of extinction in PHX during 25 generations. Under such scenarios, maximum genetic diversities were achieved in the first generations before the effects of genetic drift became predominant. Although captive populations can function as sources of genetic variation for reintroduction programs, we recommend promoting mutual and continuous gene flow with wild populations to ensure the long-term survival of this species. C1 [Ochoa, Alexander; Redondo, Sergio A.; Sexton, Sydnee R.; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1064 East Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wells, Stuart A.; West, Gary] Arizona Ctr Nat Conservat Phoenix Zoo, 455 North Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. [Al-Smadi, Ma'en] Royal Soc Conservat Nat, POB 1215, Jubeiha 11941, Jordan. [Redondo, Sergio A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1064 East Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ochoa, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1064 East Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM alexocho@email.arizona.edu OI Wells, Stuart/0000-0002-5612-9538 FU Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; National Science Foundation-Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship scholarships FX This project was funded by the Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo and by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia and the National Science Foundation-Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship scholarships awarded to A. Ochoa. We thank D. Subaitis and J. Swenson from the Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo and A. H. Eljarah and A. Elhala from the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature for collecting the Arabian oryx biological samples used in this study. R. Fitak, T. Edwards, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments and revisions to the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 68 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1145 EP 1155 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0850-5 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DV4ZK UT WOS:000382934400013 ER PT J AU Rengers, FK McGuire, LA Coe, JA Kean, JW Baum, RL Staley, DM Godt, JW AF Rengers, Francis K. McGuire, Luke A. Coe, Jeffrey A. Kean, Jason W. Baum, Rex L. Staley, Dennis M. Godt, Jonathan W. TI The influence of vegetation on debris-flow initiation during extreme rainfall in the northern Colorado Front Range SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHEAR RESISTANCE; LANDSLIDE; SOIL; LANDSCAPE; MODELS AB We explored regional influences on debris-flow initiation throughout the Colorado Front Range (Colorado, USA) by exploiting a unique data set of more than 1100 debris flows that initiated during a 5 day rainstorm in 2013. Using geospatial data, we examined the influence of rain, hillslope angle, hillslope aspect, and vegetation density on debris-flow initiation. In particular we used a greenness index to differentiate areas of high tree density from grass and bare soil. The data demonstrated an overwhelming propensity for debris-flow initiation on south-facing hillslopes. However, when the debris-flow density was analyzed with respect to total rainfall and greenness we found that most debris flows occurred in areas of high rainfall and low tree density, regardless of hillslope aspect. These results indicate that present-day tree density exerts a stronger influence on debris-flow initiation locations than aspect-driven variations in soil and bedrock properties that developed over longer time scales. C1 [Rengers, Francis K.; McGuire, Luke A.; Coe, Jeffrey A.; Kean, Jason W.; Baum, Rex L.; Staley, Dennis M.; Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rengers, FK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 2016 VL 44 IS 10 BP 823 EP 826 DI 10.1130/G38096.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA DX3WK UT WOS:000384307200011 ER PT J AU Sullivan, NB McLaughlin, PI Emsbo, P Barrick, JE Premo, WR AF Sullivan, Nicholas B. McLaughlin, Patrick I. Emsbo, Poul Barrick, James E. Premo, Wayne R. TI Identification of the late Homerian Mulde Excursion at the base of the Salina Group (Michigan Basin, USA) SO LETHAIA LA English DT Article DE Carbon Isotopes; Conodonts; Salina; Silurian; strontium Isotopes; Wenlock ID CARBON-ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENTS; NORTH-AMERICA; SILURIAN CARBONATES; CYCLIC DEPOSITION; WENLOCK; CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY; TRANSITION; LLANDOVERY; EVAPORITES AB Constraining the age of strata is a fundamental source of uncertainty in the study of sedimentary rocks, particularly in restricted basins that generally lack index fossils. An illustrative example of this is the evaporite-bearing Salina Group in the Michigan Basin. Our integrated study of facies, paleontology, and stable isotope geochemistry from the base of the Salina Group in Wisconsin addresses long-standing chronostratigraphic uncertainty surrounding these units. Conodont samples from the basal boundary interval (Racine-Waubakee formation contact) produced non-diagnostic disaster' and recovery' faunas typical of both the Mulde (Homerian) and Lau (Ludfordian) events. Strontium isotope analysis (Sr-87/Sr-86) of these conodonts from five horizons just below the boundary yield values between 0.70844 and 0.70850 confirming a Homerian age. Multiple carbon isotope profiles through this interval confirm the presence of a 2.5-3 parts per thousand positive excursion. Cumulatively these data constrain the base of the Salina Group in Wisconsin to the Mulde Excursion interval (late Homerian). This integrated study provides a sound initial step towards a deeper understanding of the processes of Silurian evaporite formation in the Michigan Basin. C1 [Sullivan, Nicholas B.; McLaughlin, Patrick I.] Wisconsin Geol & Nat Hist Survey, 3817 Mineral Point Rd, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Sullivan, Nicholas B.] Chemostrat Inc, 750 Bering Dr,Suite 550, Houston, TX 77057 USA. [McLaughlin, Patrick I.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, 611 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Emsbo, Poul; Premo, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Barrick, James E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Sullivan, NB (reprint author), Wisconsin Geol & Nat Hist Survey, 3817 Mineral Point Rd, Madison, WI 53705 USA.; Sullivan, NB (reprint author), Chemostrat Inc, 750 Bering Dr,Suite 550, Houston, TX 77057 USA. EM nicksullivan@chemostrat.com; pimclaug@iu.edu; pemsbo@usgs.gov; jim.barrick@ttu.edu; wpremo@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey STATEMAP project FX This study was made possible by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey STATEMAP project. We thank the Sheboygan Water Utility and the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District for donating critical intervals of core for analysis. Carbon isotope analyses were conducted by Greg Cane at the Keck Paleoenvironmental and Stable Isotope Laboratory at the University of Kansas and by Kim Sparks at the Cornell University Stable Isotope Lab. All remaining analyses and sample preparation were conducted at the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. We thank Mike Hurth for assistance with sample collection. The comments of two anonymous reviewers contributed to the improvement of this study. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) 591 'The Early to Middle Paleozoic Revolution'. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-1164 EI 1502-3931 J9 LETHAIA JI Lethaia PD OCT PY 2016 VL 49 IS 4 BP 591 EP 603 DI 10.1111/let.12168 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA DX1CD UT WOS:000384102200010 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Suchanek, TH AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Suchanek, Thomas H. TI Revisiting Paine's 1966 Sea Star Removal Experiment, the Most-Cited Empirical Article in the American Naturalist SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE predator; diversity; Pisaster; competitive exclusion; rocky intertidal; trophic cascade ID COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; SPACE AB "Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity" (Paine 1966) is the most-cited empirical article published in the American Naturalist. In short, Paine removed predatory sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) from the rocky intertidal and watched the key prey species, mussels (Mytilus californianus), crowd out seven subordinate primary space-holding species. However, because these mussels are a foundational species, they provide three-dimensional habitat for over 300 associated species inhabiting the mussel beds; thus, removing sea stars significantly increases community-wide diversity. In any case, most ecologists cite Paine (1966) to support a statement that predators increase diversity by interfering with competition. Although detractors remained skeptical of top-down effects and keystone concepts, the paradigm that predation increases diversity spread. By 1991, "Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity" was considered a classic ecological paper, and after 50 years it continues to influence ecological theory and conservation biology. C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.; Suchanek, Thomas H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Suchanek, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Suchanek, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Bodega, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM klafferty@usgs.gov FU NSF [OCD-75-20958] FX We thank Kendall Mills for tabulating and summarizing the citations of Paine (1966) that we analyzed. Carol Blanchette and Jim Estes gave helpful feedback on earlier drafts, and Bob Paine answered several questions we had about the history of his paper (which we indicate using quotation marks). C. Burkey produced figure 1. This work was supported by NSF grant OCD-75-20958 to T.H.S. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 42 U2 42 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 188 IS 4 BP 365 EP 378 DI 10.1086/688045 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DW6PW UT WOS:000383774400003 PM 27622872 ER PT J AU Webster, CD Rawles, SD Koch, JF Thompson, KR Kobayashi, Y Gannam, AL Twibell, RG Hyde, NM AF Webster, C. D. Rawles, S. D. Koch, J. F. Thompson, K. R. Kobayashi, Y. Gannam, A. L. Twibell, R. G. Hyde, N. M. TI Bio-Ag reutilization of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as a substrate for black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens, along with poultry by-product meal and soybean meal, as total replacement of fish meal in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE distiller's dried grains with solubles; poultry by-product meal; Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus ID X MORONE-SAXATILIS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CRAYFISH CHERAX-QUADRICARINATUS; AMINO-ACID AVAILABILITY; FED PRACTICAL DIETS; CHANNEL CATFISH; PROTEIN-SOURCES; RAINBOW-TROUT; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FEED INGREDIENTS AB A feeding trial was conducted in a closed system with Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, juveniles (mean initial weight, 2.66 g) to examine total replacement of menhaden fish meal (FM) with distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), which had been used as substrate for the production of black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens, in combination with soybean meal (SBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM), with or without supplementation of the amino acids (AA) DL-methionine (Met), L-lysine (Lys) and a commercial non-amylaceous polysaccharide enzyme (Enz) product. Fish were fed seven isoenergetic [available energy (AE) = 4.0 kcal g(-1) of diet] and isonitrogenous (350 g kg(-1) protein as-fed basis) practical diets formulated with equivalent digestible protein levels. Diet 1 was formulated to be similar to a commercial, high-quality, tilapia diet containing 200 g kg(-1) FM. Diets 2-5 were formulated as a 2 9 2 factorial to replace FM with similar contributions from DDGS (45%), PBM (25%) and SBM (2.1-2.9%), but to differ in supplementation of AA and/or Enz preparation. Diets 6 and 7 were formulated to investigate the effects of a 2/3 and 1/3 reduction, respectively, in DDGS contribution to the replacement protein mix, with concomitant increases in SBM, with respect to diet 3, and were balanced with Lys and Met. After 6 weeks, growth responses were slightly attenuated (P <= 0.05) and average daily intake (ADI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were slightly higher in tilapia fed DDGS diets 2-5 compared to those of fish fed the FM control diet 1. Growth responses were not significantly affected by the presence or absence of AA or Enz (diets 2-5), or the level of DDGS (diets 3, 7 and 6). Whole-body proximate composition was not different among treatments. Amino acid profiles of fish fed DDGS diets were not significantly different from those of fish fed the FM control. Evidence of interaction between AA and Enz supplementation was detected in whole-body amino acid concentrations such that AA content was higher with AA or Enz addition alone, but lower when both were added to the diet. Results suggest that DDGS replacement of FM in tilapia diets can be substantial when diets are formulated on a digestible protein basis and DDGS is combined with highly digestible animal (PBM) and plant proteins (SBM). C1 [Webster, C. D.; Rawles, S. D.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Koch, J. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Thompson, K. R.; Kobayashi, Y.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY USA. [Gannam, A. L.; Twibell, R. G.; Hyde, N. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. RP Webster, CD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM carl.webster@ars.usda.gov FU Kentucky Soybean Board; USDA 1890 Institution Capacity Building Grant; USDA [KYX-80-09-18A] FX The authors thank N. Ann, K.C., K.N. Dee, B.R. Lee, E.M. Maa, Cathy Rhin, B. Rett, M.S. Tee, D.R. Wynne and Sam Wise for technical assistance; this research project was partially funded by a grant from the Kentucky Soybean Board, a USDA 1890 Institution Capacity Building Grant and a USDA grant under agreement KYX-80-09-18A to Kentucky State University. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 27 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1353-5773 EI 1365-2095 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 22 IS 5 BP 976 EP 988 DI 10.1111/anu.12316 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DW0RV UT WOS:000383350500004 ER PT J AU Toomey, MR Woodruff, JD Donnelly, JP Ashton, AD Perron, JT AF Toomey, Michael R. Woodruff, Jonathan D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Ashton, Andrew D. Perron, J. Taylor TI Seismic evidence of glacial-age river incision into the Tahaa barrier reef, French Polynesia SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coral; Island; Lagoon; Dissolution; Morphology ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; CENTRAL PACIFIC; ATOLL; ARCHIPELAGO; ISLANDS; HISTORY; RECORD; MODEL; SHELF AB Rivers have long been recognized for their ability to shape reef-bound volcanic islands. On the time-scale of glacial-interglacial sea-level cycles, fluvial incision of exposed barrier reef lagoons may compete with constructional coral growth to shape the coastal geomorphology of ocean islands. However, overprinting of Pleistocene landscapes by Holocene erosion or sedimentation has largely obscured the role lowstand river incision may have played in developing the deep lagoons typical of modem barrier reefs. Here we use high-resolution seismic imagery-and core stratigraphy to examine how erosion and/or deposition by upland drainage networks has shaped coastal morphology on Tahaa, a barrier reef-bound island located along the Society Islands hotspot chain in French Polynesia. At Tahaa, we find that many channels, incised into the lagoon floor during Pleistocene sea-level lowstands, are located near the mouths of upstream terrestrial drainages. Steeper antecedent topography appears to have enhanced lowstand fluvial erosion along Tahaa's southwestern coast and maintained a deep pass. During highstands, upland drainages appear to contribute little sediment to refilling accommodation space in the lagoon. Rather, the flushing of fine carbonate sediment out of incised fluvial channels by storms and currents appears to have limited lagoonal infilling and further reinforced development of deep barrier reef lagoons during periods of highstand submersion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Toomey, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Toomey, Michael R.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, DC 78712 USA. [Woodruff, Jonathan D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Ashton, Andrew D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Perron, J. Taylor] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Toomey, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mtoomey@usgs.gov FU Jackson School Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship; WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute; Ocean and Climate Change Institute FX This project was supported by a Jackson School Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship to Michael Toomey and the WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute and Ocean and Climate Change Institute. We thank the captain and crew of the S.S.V. Robert C. Seamans and Skye Moret, Stephanie Madsen, Richard Sullivan, Phil Lane, and John Jackson for their assistance with fieldwork and laboratory analyses. We appreciated helpful feedback on this manuscript from Dan Doctor (USGS) as well as an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 380 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.04.008 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA DW8XF UT WOS:000383938100021 ER PT J AU Marzen, RE DeNinno, LH Cronin, TM AF Marzen, Rachel E. DeNinno, Lauren H. Cronin, Thomas M. TI Calcareous microfossil-based orbital cyclostratigraphy in the Arctic Ocean SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Palen-productivity; Orbital cycles; Arctic ID MODERN BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; ICE-SHEET HISTORY; LATE QUATERNARY; DEEP-SEA; MENDELEEV RIDGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARENTS SEA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Microfaunal and geochemical proxies from marine sediment records from central Arctic Ocean (CAO) submarine ridges suggest a close relationship over the last 550 thousand years (kyr) between orbital scale climatic oscillations, sea-ice cover, marine biological productivity and other parameters. Multiple paleoclimate proxies record glacial to interglacial cycles. To understand the climate-cryosphere-productivity relationship, we examined the cyclostratigraphy of calcareous microfossils and constructed a composite Arctic Paleoclimate Index (API) "stack" from benthic foraminiferal and ostracode density from 14 sediment cores. Following the hypothesis that API is driven mainly by changes in sea-ice related productivity, the API stack shows the Arctic experienced a series of highly productive interglacials and interstadials every similar to 20 kyr. These periods signify minimal ice shelf and sea-ice cover and maximum marine productivity. Rapid transitions in productivity are seen during shifts from interglacial to glacial climate states. Discrepancies between the Arctic API curves and various global climatic, sea-level and ice-volume curves suggest abrupt growth and decay of Arctic ice shelves related to climatic and sea level oscillations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Marzen, Rachel E.; DeNinno, Lauren H.; Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Marzen, Rachel E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [DeNinno, Lauren H.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Marzen, RE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM rmarzen@ldeo.columbia.edu; lauren.deninno@gmail.com; tcronin@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Climate RD Program FX Comments from two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this paper. We are grateful to L. Lisiecki for help with Match software, W. M. Briggs, Jr., A. Grantz, M. Jakobsson, L. Osterman, L. Phillips, R. Poirier, L. Polyak, R. Z. Poore, and M. Torresan for access to cores, foraminiferal and ostracode data and samples, M. O'Regan and L. Lowemark for orbital input, J. Shakun for foraminiferal oxygen isotope input, B. de Boer for providing northern hemisphere ice volume modeled data, M. Yasuhara for productivity discussions, R. DeConto, R. McKay and T. Naish for Southern Hemisphere input, C. Frazee, L. Gemery and K. Lehnigk for sediment sampling and processing, J. Seidenstein and V. Gonzalez for figure editing. Funded by the US Geological Survey Climate R&D Program. NR 126 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 149 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.07.004 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DW7IW UT WOS:000383825400007 ER PT J AU Bagstad, KJ Reed, JM Semmens, DJ Sherrouse, BC Troy, A AF Bagstad, Kenneth J. Reed, James M. Semmens, Darius J. Sherrouse, Benson C. Troy, Austin TI Linking biophysical models and public preferences for ecosystem service assessments: a case study for the Southern Rocky Mountains SO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE ARIES; Cultural ecosystem services; Hotspot analysis; Modeling; Social values; SolVES ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; SOCIAL VALUES; PARTICIPATION GIS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL ATTRIBUTES; LANDSCAPE VALUES; CONSERVATION; PERCEPTIONS; INTERNET; COLORADO AB Through extensive research, ecosystem services have been mapped using both survey-based and biophysical approaches, but comparative mapping of public values and those quantified using models has been lacking. In this paper, we mapped hot and cold spots for perceived and modeled ecosystem services by synthesizing results from a social-values mapping study of residents living near the Pike-San Isabel National Forest (PSI), located in the Southern Rocky Mountains, with corresponding biophysically modeled ecosystem services. Social-value maps for the PSI were developed using the Social Values for Ecosystem Services tool, providing statistically modeled continuous value surfaces for 12 value types, including aesthetic, biodiversity, and life-sustaining values. Biophysically modeled maps of carbon sequestration and storage, scenic viewsheds, sediment regulation, and water yield were generated using the Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services tool. Hotspots for both perceived and modeled services were disproportionately located within the PSI's wilderness areas. Additionally, we used regression analysis to evaluate spatial relationships between perceived biodiversity and cultural ecosystem services and corresponding biophysical model outputs. Our goal was to determine whether publicly valued locations for aesthetic, biodiversity, and life-sustaining values relate meaningfully to results from corresponding biophysical ecosystem service models. We found weak relationships between perceived and biophysically modeled services, indicating that public perception of ecosystem service provisioning regions is limited. We believe that biophysical and social approaches to ecosystem service mapping can serve as methodological complements that can advance ecosystem services-based resource management, benefitting resource managers by showing potential locations of synergy or conflict between areas supplying ecosystem services and those valued by the public. C1 [Bagstad, Kenneth J.; Reed, James M.; Semmens, Darius J.; Sherrouse, Benson C.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Reed, James M.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO USA. [Troy, Austin] Univ Colorado, Dept Planning & Design, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Bagstad, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kjbagstad@usgs.gov; jmrdspot@gmail.com; dsemmens@usgs.gov; bcsherrouse@usgs.gov; austin.troy@ucdenver.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Partial support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research, Land Change Science, and YouthGo programs. Zach Ancona and Brian Voigt assisted with development of viewshed results, and Ferdinando Villa and Gary Johnson assisted with ARIES models. Carena van Riper and Alan Watson provided constructive feedback on earlier drafts of this paper. Initial ARIES data and models for the Southern Rocky Mountains were developed by students participating in a graduate level ecosystem services modeling course taught in the University of Denver's Department of Geography in the fall of 2011. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 24 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-3798 EI 1436-378X J9 REG ENVIRON CHANGE JI Reg. Envir. Chang. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 SI SI BP 2005 EP 2018 DI 10.1007/s10113-015-0756-7 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DW6OZ UT WOS:000383772100014 ER PT J AU Peterman, Z Thamke, J AF Peterman, Zell Thamke, Joanna TI Chemical and isotopic changes in Williston Basin brines during long-term oil production: An example from the Poplar dome, Montana SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FORMATION-WATERS; WESTERN CANADA; SYSTEMATICS; AMERICA; ORIGIN AB Brine samples were collected from 30 conventional oil wells producing mostly from the Charles Formation of the Madison Group in the East and Northwest Poplar oil fields on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana. Dissolved concentrations of major ions, trace metals, Sr isotopes, and stable isotopes (oxygen and hydrogen) were analyzed to compare with a brine contaminant that affected groundwater northeast of the town of Poplar. Two groups of brine compositions, designated group I and group II, are identified on the basis of chemistry and Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios. The solute chemistry and Sr isotopic composition of group I brines are consistent with long-term residency in Mississippian carbonate rocks, and brines similar to these contaminated the groundwater. Group II brines probably resided in clastic rocks younger than the Mississippian limestones before moving into the Poplar dome to replenish the long-term fluid extraction from the Charles Formation. Collapse of strata at the crest of the Poplar dome resulting from dissolution of Charles salt in the early Paleogene probably developed pathways for the ingress of group II brines from overlying clastic aquifers into the Charles reservoir. Such changes in brine chemistry associated with long-term oil production may be a widespread phenomenon in the Williston Basin. C1 [Peterman, Zell] US Geol Survey, West 6th Ave & Kipling St, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thamke, Joanna] US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Peterman, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West 6th Ave & Kipling St, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM peterman@usgs.gov; jothamke@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 EI 1558-9153 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 100 IS 10 BP 1619 EP 1632 DI 10.1306/05261615114 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DW0EA UT WOS:000383312500006 ER PT J AU Miller, MWC Lovvorn, JR Matz, AC Taylor, RJ Latty, CJ Safine, DE AF Miller, Micah W. C. Lovvorn, James R. Matz, Angela C. Taylor, Robert J. Latty, Christopher J. Safine, David E. TI Trace Elements in Sea Ducks of the Alaskan Arctic Coast: Patterns of Variation Among Species, Sexes, and Ages SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC COMMON EIDERS; NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; GERMAN WADDEN SEA; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; KING EIDERS; MERCURY ACCUMULATION; SOUTHWEST GREENLAND; NONBREEDING PERIOD; STELLERS EIDERS; DIETARY-CADMIUM AB Climate change and increasing industrialization in the Arctic call for the collection of reference data for assessing changes in contaminant levels. For migratory birds, measuring and interpreting changes in trace element burdens on Arctic breeding areas require insights into factors such as sex, body size, or wintering area that may modify patterns independently of local exposure. In the Alaskan Arctic, we determined levels of trace elements in liver and kidney of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) and long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) from the Prudhoe Bay oil field and of king eiders (S. spectabilis) and threatened spectacled eiders (S. fischeri) and Steller's eiders (Polystica stelleri) from near the town of Barrow. Small-bodied Steller's eiders and long-tailed ducks from different locations had similarly low levels of selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu), perhaps reflecting high mass-specific rates of metabolic depuration during long spring migrations through areas of low exposure. In larger species, Se, Cd, and Cu concentrations were higher in adults than juveniles suggesting that these elements were acquired in nonbreeding marine habitats. Adult male spectacled eiders had exceptionally high Se, Cd, and Cu compared with adult females, possibly because of depuration into eggs and longer female occupancy of nonmarine habitats. Adult female common eiders and juvenile long-tailed ducks at Prudhoe Bay had high and variable levels of Pb, potentially due to local exposure. Explanations for substantial variations in Hg levels were not apparent. Further research into reasons for differing element levels among species and sexes will help clarify the sources, pathways, and risks of exposure. C1 [Miller, Micah W. C.; Lovvorn, James R.] Southern Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Miller, Micah W. C.; Lovvorn, James R.] Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Miller, Micah W. C.; Matz, Angela C.; Safine, David E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Taylor, Robert J.] Texas A&M Univ, Trace Elements Res Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Latty, Christopher J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arct Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Safine, David E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Miller, MWC (reprint author), Southern Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.; Miller, MWC (reprint author), Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.; Miller, MWC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM mwcmiller@siu.edu FU USFWS, Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office; United States Bureau of Land Management, North Alaska Field Office; Texas AM University; National Science Foundation's program in Arctic Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability [1263051] FX This study would not have been possible without the collaboration of many partners including USFWS Law Enforcement, Alaska Clean Seas, and citizens in Barrow who reported dead or injured birds. Funding was provided by the USFWS, Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office; the United States Bureau of Land Management, North Alaska Field Office (special thanks to D. Nigro); Texas A&M University; and the National Science Foundation's program in Arctic Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability Grant No. 1263051 to J. R. L. Unpublished body masses were kindly provided by S. Oppel and M. G. Sexson. This document was revised with input from M. Brooks, M. Eichholz, and two anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 71 IS 3 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s00244-016-0288-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DV5AI UT WOS:000382937100001 PM 27272534 ER PT J AU Eidels, RR Sparks, DW Whitaker, JO Sprague, CA AF Eidels, Ronny R. Sparks, Daniel W. Whitaker, John O., Jr. Sprague, Charles A. TI Sub-lethal Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIANA BAT; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS; COORDINATION LOSS; DEFINING TORPOR; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MYOTIS-SODALIS; TIME-COURSE; RATS; ENERGETICS; CARBARYL AB We determined dose-response curves for sublethal effects of the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, chlorpyrifos, on bats. Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus, n = 64) were given a single dose of chlorpyrifos (nominal concentrations) of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 60 A mu g/g body weight and examined at 12 or 24 h after dosing. A second experiment dosed 32 bats with 0 or 60 A mu g/g body weight and examined 1, 3, 7, or 14 days after dosing. Skin temperature and behavioral changes were recorded, and brain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity were measured. The benchmark dose (BMD10) of chlorpyrifos that altered brain and plasma ChE activity at 24 h was 3.7 and 10.1 A mu g/g, respectively. The 95 % lower confidence limit for the BMD10 (i.e., BMDL10) was 1.6 and 7.7 A mu g/g. The best of five models (as determined by AIC) for impaired flight, impaired movement, or presence of tremors provided a BMD10 of 6.2, 12.9, and 7.8 A mu g/g body weight of chlorpyrifos, respectively. BMDL10 for impaired flight, impaired movement, or presence of tremors was 3.5, 6.6, and 5.3 A mu g/g body weight, respectively. In the wild, impaired ability to fly or crawl could be life-threatening. Brain and plasma ChE activity remained low for 3 days after dosing. Gradual recovery of enzyme activity was observed by 7 days in survivors. Brain and plasma ChE activity were still significantly lower than that of the control group at 14 days after dosing. C1 [Eidels, Ronny R.; Whitaker, John O., Jr.; Sprague, Charles A.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Sparks, Daniel W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 620 S Walker St, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Eidels, Ronny R.] Univ Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. RP Sparks, DW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 620 S Walker St, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. EM daniel_sparks@fws.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Great Lakes National Program Office; Bat Conservation International; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program FX This work was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office, Bat Conservation International and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The authors thank D. Clark Jr., A. Eidels, V. Santos, D. Hews, D. Henshel, G. MacFarlane, K. Colyvas, N. Croce, B. Rattner, and T. Moffiet for their assistance. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 71 IS 3 BP 322 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00244-016-0307-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DV5AI UT WOS:000382937100003 PM 27491870 ER PT J AU Raines, CD Miranda, LE AF Raines, C. D. Miranda, L. E. TI Role of riparian shade on the fish assemblage of a reservoir littoral SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Light intensity; Lake; Physicochemistry; Diversity ID FOREST; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; LIGHT; BLUEGILL; PREDATOR; PATCHES; STREAMS AB Research into the effects of shade on reservoir fish assemblages is lacking, with most investigations focused on streams. Unlike many streams, the canopy in a reservoir shades only a narrow fringe of water adjacent to the shoreline, and may not have the influential effect on the aquatic environment reported in streams. We compared fish assemblages between shaded and unshaded sites in a shallow reservoir. Overall species richness (gamma diversity) was higher in shaded sites, and fish assemblage composition differed between shaded and unshaded sites. Average light intensity was 66 % lower in shaded sites, and differences in average temperature and dissolved oxygen were small. Unlike streams where shade can have large effects on water physicochemistry, in reservoirs shade-related differences in fish assemblages seemed to be linked principally to differences in light intensity. Diversity in light intensity in shaded and unshaded sites in reservoirs can create various mosaics of light-based habitats that enable diversity of species assemblages. Managing to promote the habitat diversity provided by shade may require coping with the artificial nature of reservoir riparian zones and water level fluctuations. C1 [Raines, C. D.] Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi, MS USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi, MS USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi, MS USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership. D. Hann, H. Schramm, and two anonymous referees provided helpful reviews. This study was performed under the auspices of Mississippi State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number 14-029 and a Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks Collection Permit. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD OCT PY 2016 VL 99 IS 10 BP 753 EP 760 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0519-4 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DV7OT UT WOS:000383126700005 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Chalupnicki, MA Abbett, R AF Johnson, James H. Chalupnicki, Marc A. Abbett, Ross TI Feeding periodicity, diet composition, and food consumption of subyearling rainbow trout in winter SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Winter; Diel; Feeding ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT USE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; INVERTEBRATE DRIFT; COHO SALMON; STREAM; STEELHEAD; GAIRDNERI AB Although winter is a critically important period for stream salmonids, aspects of the ecology of several species are poorly understood. Consequently, we examined the diel feeding ecology of subyearling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during winter in a central New York stream. Rainbow trout diet was significantly different during each 4-h interval and also differed from the drift and benthos. Feeding was significantly greater during darkness (i.e. 20:00 h - 04:00 h) than during daylight hours (i.e. 08:00 h - 16:00 h), peaking at 20:00 h. Daily food consumption (1.9 mg) and daily ration (3.4 %) during winter were substantially lower than previously reported for subyearling rainbow trout in the same stream during summer. These findings provide important new insights into the winter feeding ecology of juvenile rainbow trout in streams. C1 [Johnson, James H.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Abbett, Ross] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD OCT PY 2016 VL 99 IS 10 BP 771 EP 778 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0521-x PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DV7OT UT WOS:000383126700007 ER PT J AU Nguyen, VM Lynch, AJ Young, N Cowx, IG Beard, TD Taylor, WW Cooke, SJ AF Nguyen, Vivian M. Lynch, Abigail J. Young, Nathan Cowx, Ian G. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Taylor, William W. Cooke, Steven J. TI To manage inland fisheries is to manage at the social-ecological watershed scale SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Watershed; Coupled social-ecological systems; Human behaviour; Inland fisheries; Integrated water resource management ID RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FRESH-WATER; TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH; INTEGRATED APPROACH; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY AB Approaches to managing inland fisheries vary between systems and regions but are often based on large-scale marine fisheries principles and thus limited and outdated. Rarely do they adopt holistic approaches that consider the complex interplay among humans, fish, and the environment. We argue that there is an urgent need for a shift in inland fisheries management towards holistic and transdisciplinary approaches that embrace the principles of social-ecological systems at the watershed scale. The interconnectedness of inland fisheries with their associated watershed (biotic, abiotic, and humans) make them extremely complex and challenging to manage and protect. For this reason, the watershed is a logical management unit. To assist management at this scale, we propose a framework that integrates disparate concepts and management paradigms to facilitate inland fisheries management and sustainability. We contend that inland fisheries need to be managed as social-ecological watershed system (SEWS). The framework supports watershed-scale and transboundary governance to manage inland fisheries, and trans disciplinary projects and teams to ensure relevant and applicable monitoring and research. We discuss concepts of social-ecological feedback and interactions of multiple stressors and factors within/between the social-ecological systems. Moreover, we emphasize that management, monitoring, and research on inland fisheries at the watershed scale are needed to ensure long-term sustainable and resilient fisheries. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nguyen, Vivian M.; Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Lynch, Abigail J.; Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-400, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Young, Nathan] Univ Ottawa, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, 120 Univ Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Cowx, Ian G.] Univ Hull, Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. [Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 1405 South Harrison Rd,Suite 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Nguyen, VM (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM Vivian.m.n@gmail.com; ajlynch@usgs.gov; Nathan.Young@uottawa.ca; i.g.cowx@hull.ac.uk; dbeard@usgs.gov; taylorw@msu.edu; steven_cooke@carleton.ca OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs Program; Too Big To Ignore Network of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [388029]; Discovery Grant Program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [315774] FX Nguyen is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada. Cooke is supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Too Big To Ignore Network of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (388029) and the Discovery Grant Program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (315774). NR 178 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 181 BP 312 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.045 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV9WA UT WOS:000383291700035 PM 27376870 ER PT J AU Patterson, LA Maloney, KO AF Patterson, Lauren A. Maloney, Kelly O. TI Transport of hydraulic fracturing waste from Pennsylvania wells: A county-level analysis of road use and associated road repair costs SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wastewater; Drilling waste; Marcellus shale; Unconventional oil and gas; Road infrastructure; Financial costs ID SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT; WATER-QUALITY; DISPOSAL; IMPACTS AB Pennsylvania's rapid unconventional oil and gas (UOG) development from a single well in 2004 to more than 6700 wells in 2013-has dramatically increased UOG waste transport by heavy trucks. This study quantified the amount of UOG waste and the distance it traveled between wells and disposal facilities on each type of road in each county between July 2010 and December 2013. In addition, the study estimated the associated financial costs to each county's road infrastructure over that period. We found that UOG wells produced a median wastewater volume of 1294 m(3) and a median of 89,267 kg of solid waste. The median number of waste-transport truck trips per well was 122. UOG wells existed in 38 Pennsylvania counties, but we estimated trucks transporting well waste traveled through 132 counties, including counties in West Virginia, Ohio, and New York. Median travel distance varied by disposal type, from 106 km to centralized treatment facilities up to 237 km to injection wells. Local roads experienced the greatest amount of truck traffic and associated costs ($1.1-6.5 M) and interstates, the least ($0.3-1.6 M). Counties with oil and gas development experienced the most truck traffic and incurred the highest associated roadway costs. However, many counties outside the active development area also incurred roadway repair costs, highlighting the extension of UOG development's spatial footprint beyond the active development area. An online data visualization tool is available here: www.nicholasinstitute.duke. eduitransportation-of-hydraulic-fracturing-waste. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Patterson, Lauren A.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, 2117 Campus Dr,POB 90335, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Maloney, Kelly O.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Patterson, LA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, 2117 Campus Dr,POB 90335, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM Lauren.patterson@duke.edu; kmaloney@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries Program FX We thank Martin Doyle and Brian Lutz and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an early version of this manuscript. Support for Kelly Maloney was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries Program. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 181 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.048 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV9WA UT WOS:000383291700039 PM 27393942 ER PT J AU Haukos, DA Johnson, LA Smith, LM McMurry, ST AF Haukos, David A. Johnson, Lacrecia A. Smith, Loren M. McMurry, Scott T. TI Effectiveness of vegetation buffers surrounding playa wetlands at contaminant and sediment amelioration SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Buffer; Metals; Nutrients; Playas; Southern high plains; Vegetation ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LAND-USE; GREAT-PLAINS; CONSERVATION PROGRAMS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; LAKES; AMPHIBIANS; ALUMINUM; METALS; TEXAS AB Playa wetlands, the dominant hydrological feature of the semi-arid U.S. High Plains providing critical ecosystem services, are being lost and degraded due to anthropogenic alterations of the short-grass prairie landscape. The primary process contributing to the loss of playas is filling of the wetland through accumulation of soil eroded and transported by precipitation from surrounding cultivated watersheds. We evaluated effectiveness of vegetative buffers surrounding playas in removing metals, nutrients, and dissolved/suspended sediments from precipitation runoff. Storm water runoff was collected at 10-m intervals in three buffer types (native grass, fallow cropland, and Conservation Reserve Program). Buffer type differed in plant composition, but not in maximum percent removal of contaminants. Within the initial 60 m from a cultivated field, vegetation buffers of all types removed >50% of all measured contaminants, including 83% of total suspended solids (TSS) and 58% of total dissolved solids (TDS). Buffers removed an average of 70% of P and 78% of N to reduce nutrients entering the playa. Mean maximum percent removal for metals ranged from 56% of Na to 87% of Cr. Maximum removal was typically at 50 m of buffer width. Measures of TSS were correlated with all measures of metals and nutrients except for N, which was correlated with TDS. Any buffer type with >80% vegetation cover and 30-60 m in width would maximize contaminant removal from precipitation runoff while ensuring that playas would continue to function hydrologically to provide ecosystem services. Watershed management to minimize erosion and creations of vegetation buffers could be economical and effective conservation tools for playa wetlands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Johnson, Lacrecia A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Smith, Loren M.; McMurry, Scott T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Johnson, Lacrecia A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 12661 East Broadway, Tucson, AZ 85748 USA. RP Haukos, DA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dhaukos@ksu.edu FU USDA; NRCS-CEAP WETLANDS; Region 6 EPA [CD-966441-01]; Texas Tech University; Oklahoma State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Playa Lakes Joint Venture FX M. Barnes, K. Mulligan, and N. McIntyre provide logistical, laboratory, and editorial assistance. This research was funded by USDA, NRCS-CEAP WETLANDS and Region 6 EPA: project CD-966441-01. Funding sources had no involvement in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. Additional support was provided by Texas Tech University, Oklahoma State University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Playa Lakes Joint Venture. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 181 BP 552 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV9WA UT WOS:000383291700059 PM 27423768 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB AF Phillips, Reese Brand TI Comment on "Reporting costs for invasive vertebrate eradications" SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEW-ZEALAND ISLANDS; RATS RATTUS-RATTUS; GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; FERAL GOATS; CATS C1 [Phillips, Reese Brand] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM reese_phillips@fws.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2016 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2791 EP 2800 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1186-2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV3TT UT WOS:000382847100005 ER PT J AU Lease, RO Ehlers, TA Enkelmann, E AF Lease, Richard O. Ehlers, Todd A. Enkelmann, Eva TI Large along-strike variations in the onset of Subandean exhumation: Implications for Central Andean orogenic growth SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE central Andes; Subandes; orogenic wedge; thrust belt propagation; low-temperature thermochronology; tectonic-climatic-geodynamic interactions ID FOLD-THRUST BELT; SOUTHERN CENTRAL ANDES; LATE MIOCENE RISE; ST ELIAS RANGE; SURFACE UPLIFT; (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; PRECIPITATION DELTA-O-18; RADIATION-DAMAGE; HELIUM DIFFUSION; MOUNTAIN BELTS AB Plate tectonics drives mountain building in general, but the space-time pattern and style of deformation is influenced by how climate, geodynamics, and basement structure modify the orogenic wedge. Growth of the Subandean thrust belt, which lies at the boundary between the arid, high-elevation Central Andean Plateau and its humid, low-elevation eastern foreland, figures prominently into debates of orogenic wedge evolution. We integrate new apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometer data with previously published apatite fission-track data from samples collected along four Subandean structural cross-sections in Bolivia between 15 degrees and 20 degrees S. We interpret cooling ages vs. structural depth to indicate the onset of Subandean exhumation and signify the forward propagation of deformation. We find that Subandean growth is diachronous south (11 +/- 3 Ma) vs. north (6 +/- 2 Ma) of the Bolivian orocline and that Subandean exhumation magnitudes vary by more than a factor of two. Similar north-south contrasts are present in foreland deposition, hinterland erosion, and paleoclimate; these observations both corroborate diachronous orogenic growth and illuminate potential propagation mechanisms. Of particular interest is an abrupt shift to cooler, more arid conditions in the Altiplano hinterland that is diachronous in southern Bolivia (16-13 Ma) vs. northern Bolivia (10-7 Ma) and precedes the timing of Subandean propagation in each region. Others have interpreted the paleoclimate shift to reflect either rapid surface uplift due to lithosphere removal or an abrupt change in climate dynamics once orographic threshold elevations were exceeded. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and both would drive forward propagation of the orogenic wedge by augmenting the hinterland backstop, either through surface uplift or spatially variable erosion. In summary, we suggest that diachronous Subandean exhumation was driven by piecemeal hinterland uplift, orography, and the outward propagation of deformation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lease, Richard O.] US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ehlers, Todd A.; Enkelmann, Eva] Univ Tubingen, Dept Geosci, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Enkelmann, Eva] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Lease, RO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rlease@usgs.gov RI Ehlers, Todd/A-9582-2012; OI Lease, Richard/0000-0003-2582-8966 FU NSF [0907817]; ERC [615703] FX This study benefited from thoughtful discussions over the years with N. McQuarrie, J. Barnes, C. Garzione, and N. Eichelberger. This work was supported by NSF Grant 0907817 to T.A.E. for data collection and analysis, and ERC consolidator grant 615703 (to T.A.E.) for support during data interpretation. Joel Saylor, Jamey Jones, and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for thorough, constructive reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 120 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 451 BP 62 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.004 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DV0GH UT WOS:000382595500007 ER PT J AU Singer, BS Costa, F Herrin, JS Hildreth, W Fierstein, J AF Singer, Brad S. Costa, Fidel Herrin, Jason S. Hildreth, Wes Fierstein, Judy TI The timing of compositionally-zoned magma reservoirs and mafic 'priming' weeks before the 1912 Novarupta-Katmai rhyolite eruption SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE rhyolite; eruption; plagioclase; orthopyroxene; diffusion; chronology ID NATIONAL-PARK; DYKE INJECTION; VOLCANIC ZONE; 10000 SMOKES; ALASKA; PLAGIOCLASE; MELT; CHAMBERS; VALLEY; EVOLUTION AB The June, 6, 1912 eruption of more than 13 km(3) of dense rock equivalent (DRE) magma at Novarupta vent, Alaska was the largest of the 20th century. It ejected >7 km(3) of rhyolite, similar to 1.3 km(3) of andesite and similar to 4.6 km(3) of dacite. Early ideas about the origin of pyroclastic flows and magmatic differentiation (e.g., compositional zonation of reservoirs) were shaped by this eruption. Despite being well studied, the timing of events that led to the chemically and mineralogically zoned magma reservoir remain poorly known. Here we provide new insights using the textures and chemical compositions of plagioclase and orthopyroxene crystals and by reevaluating previous U-Th isotope data. Compositional zoning of the magma reservoir likely developed a few thousand years before the eruption by several additions of mafic magma below an extant silicic reservoir. Melt compositions calculated from Sr contents in plagioclase fill the compositional gap between 68 and 76% SiO2 in whole pumice clasts, consistent with uninterrupted crystal growth from a continuum of liquids. Thus, our findings support a general model in which large volumes of crystal-poor rhyolite are related to intermediate magmas through gradual separation of melt from crystal-rich mush. The rhyolite is incubated by, but not mixed with, episodic recharge pulses of mafic magma that interact thermochemically with the mush and intermediate magmas. Hot, Mg-, Ca-, and Al-rich mafic magma intruded into, and mixed with, deeper parts of the reservoir (andesite and dacite) multiple times. Modeling the relaxation of the Fe-Mg concentrations in orthopyroxene and Mg in plagioclase rims indicates that the final recharge event occurred just weeks prior to the eruption. Rapid addition of mass, volatiles, and heat from the recharge magma, perhaps aided by partial melting of cumulate mush below the andesite and dacite, pressurized the reservoir and likely propelled a similar to 10 km lateral dike that allowed the overlying rhyolite to reach the surface. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Singer, Brad S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Singer, Brad S.; Costa, Fidel; Herrin, Jason S.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Herrin, Jason S.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Facil Anal Characterisat Testing Simulat, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Singer, BS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bsinger@geology.wisc.edu; fcosta@eos.sg; jsherrin@ntu.edu.sg; hildreth@usgs.gov; jflerst@usgs.gov RI Costa, Fidel/B-7035-2011 OI Costa, Fidel/0000-0002-1409-5325 FU U.S. NSF [EAR-1411779] FX We thank Richard Hinton and John Craven for assistance during the ion microprobe sessions at Edinburgh University and Victoria Avery for sharing her thesis. Singer appreciates a visiting professor appointment at EOS-NTU, Singapore, where work on this paper commenced. Partially supported by U.S. NSF grant EAR-1411779. Incisive, thorough and constructive reviews by Colin Wilson and Olivier Bachmann helped us clarify many points and are greatly appreciated. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 451 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.015 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DV0GH UT WOS:000382595500013 ER PT J AU Erwin, SO Schmidt, JC Allred, TM AF Erwin, Susannah O. Schmidt, John C. Allred, Tyler M. TI Post-project geomorphic assessment of a large process-based river restoration project SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial geomorphology; River restoration; Gravel-bed river; Sediment transport ID STREAM RESTORATION; CHANNEL; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA AB This study describes channel changes following completion of the Provo River Restoration Project (PRRP), the largest stream restoration project in Utah and one of the largest projects in the United States in which a gravel-bed river was fully reconstructed. We summarize project objectives and the design process, and we analyze monitoring data collected during the first 7 years after project completion. Post-project channel adjustment during the study period included two phases: (i) an initial phase of rapid, but small-scale, adjustment during the first years after stream flow was introduced to the newly constructed channel and (ii) a subsequent period of more gradual topographic adjustment and channel migration. Analysis of aerial imagery and ground-survey data demonstrate that the channel has been more dynamic in the downstream 4 km where a local source contributes a significant annual supply of bed material. Here, the channel migrates and exhibits channel adjustments that are more consistent with project objectives. The upstream 12 km of the PRRP are sediment starved, the channel has been laterally stable, and this condition may not be consistent with large-scale project objectives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Erwin, Susannah O.; Schmidt, John C.] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Allred, Tyler M.] Allred Restorat Inc, 5725 West 12000 North, Tremonton, UT 84337 USA. RP Erwin, SO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Dr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM serwin@usgs.gov FU Intermountain Center for River Rehabilitation and Restoration at Utah State University; S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Foundation; Utah Reclamation, Mitigation and Conservation Commission (URMCC) [11FC-UT-1820]; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area FX This project received funding from the Intermountain Center for River Rehabilitation and Restoration at Utah State University, the S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Foundation, the Utah Reclamation, Mitigation and Conservation Commission (URMCC) (Agreement No. 11FC-UT-1820), and the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area. Darren Olsen, of BioWest Inc., generously shared data collected during the period of monitoring from 2004 to 2006. The work presented here would not have been possible without field assistance provided by numerous individuals, especially Milada Majerova, Marshall Bailie, and Meagan Polino. We are especially grateful to Peter Wilcock and Joe Wheaton for numerous thoughtful discussions and site visits that improved our study design and interpretation of channel adjustments. Toby Minear and four anonymous reviewers provided very helpful and constructive comments. Lastly, this project greatly benefited from assistance provided by Central Utah Water Conservancy District and from the support of Mark Holden of URMCC. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 270 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.07.018 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DU6TU UT WOS:000382348300011 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Wilson, RE Chesser, RT Pons, JM Crochet, PA Driskell, A Dove, C AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Wilson, Robert E. Chesser, R. Terry Pons, Jean-Marc Crochet, Pierre-Andre Driskell, Amy Dove, Carla TI Recurrent hybridization and recent origin obscure phylogenetic relationships within the 'white-headed' gull (Larus sp.) complex SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Hybridization; Laridae; Multilocus phylogeny; Speciation; White-headed gulls ID RECENT SECONDARY CONTACT; HYBRID ZONES; GENE FLOW; HELICONIUS BUTTERFLIES; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GENOMIC LANDSCAPE; LOCAL ADAPTATION; SEXUAL SELECTION AB Species complexes that have undergone recent radiations are often characterized by extensive allele sharing due to recent ancestry and (or) introgressive hybridization. This can result in discordant evolutionary histories of genes and heterogeneous genomes, making delineating species limits difficult. Here we examine the phylogenetic relationships among a complex group of birds, the white-headed gulls (Ayes: Laridae), which offer a unique window into the speciation process due to their recent evolutionary history and propensity to hybridize. Relationships were examined among 17 species (61 populations) using a multilocus approach, including mitochondria] and nuclear intron DNA sequences and microsatellite genotype information. Analyses of microsatellite and intron data resulted in some species-based groupings, although most species were not represented by a single cluster. Considerable allele and haplotype sharing among white-headed gull species was observed; no locus contained a species-specific Glade. Despite this, our multilocus approach provided better resolution among some species than previous studies. Interestingly, most clades appear to correspond to geographic locality: our BEAST analysis recovered strong support for a northern European/Icelandic Glade, a southern European/Russian Glade, and a western North American/cams Glade, with weak evidence for a high latitude Glade spanning North America and northwestern Europe. This geographical structuring is concordant with behavioral observations of pervasive hybridization in areas of secondary contact. The extent of allele and haplotype sharing indicates that ecological and sexual selection are likely not strong enough to complete reproductive isolation within several species in the white-headed gull complex. This suggests that just a few genes are driving the speciation process. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Dove, Carla] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Birds, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Driskell, Amy] Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Wilson, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wilson, Robert E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Chesser, R. Terry] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pons, Jean-Marc] Univ Paris 04, Inst Systemat Evolut Biodivers, Dept Systemat & Evolut, CNRS,MNHN,UPMC,EPHE,UMR 7205, CP 51,55 Rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Pons, Jean-Marc] MNHN, CNRS, UMS Outils & Methodes Systemat Integrat OMSI 2700, 57 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Crochet, Pierre-Andre] Univ Paul Valery Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE,CEFE UMR 5175, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU Federal Aviation Administration (FM); Laboratories of Analytical Biology and Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution FX Funding was provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FM) and the Laboratories of Analytical Biology and Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. We thank the following museums and Dr. David Boertmann for their significant contributions of tissues for this work; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, American Museum of Natural History, Bell Museum of Natural History, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, California Academy of Sciences, Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, Field Museum of Natural History, Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, New York State Museum, Royal Alberta Museum, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Alaska Anchorage Museum, University of Alaska Museum, University of California Berkeley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute, and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. We would also like to thank the numerous individuals that helped facilitate field work for the various museums; Jeffrey Hunt, Smithsonian Institution, who provided technical laboratory support; Christopher Milensky and Faridah Dahlan, Smithsonian Institution, for assistance with sample collection and preparation; and Marcy Heacker and Lee Weigt, Smithsonian Institution, and Kevin Omland, University of Maryland Baltimore County, for their guidance and advice throughout this project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 103 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.06.008 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DT9PS UT WOS:000381835400005 PM 27369453 ER PT J AU Polgari, M Hein, JR Biro, L Gyollai, I Nemeth, T Sajgo, C Fekete, J Schwark, L Pal-Molnar, E Hamor-Vido, M Vigh, T AF Polgari, Marta Hein, James R. Biro, Lorant Gyollai, Ildiko Nemeth, Tibor Sajgo, Csanad Fekete, Jozsef Schwark, Lorenz Pal-Molnar, Elemer Hamor-Vido, Maria Vigh, Tamas TI Mineral and chemostratigraphy of a Toarcian black shale hosting Mn-carbonate microbialites (Urkut, Hungary) SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE T-OAE; Mn-carbonate; Black shale; Multiple proxies; Microbial; Failed rift; Geothermal circulation ID OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT; NORTHERN CALCAREOUS ALPS; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS; ORE-DEPOSIT; SW-GERMANY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; MANGANESE DEPOSITS; ISOTOPE EVIDENCE AB Toarcian black shale that hosts Mn-carbonate microbialites at Urkut, Hungary was investigated by mineralogical, inorganic, and organic geochemical methods for characterization and comparison with other European black shales representative of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. Based on the authigenic mineral composition, calculations were made to estimate environmental conditions during sediment accumulation and early diagenesis. Geochemical and petrographic results of organic, carbonate, and REE multiple-proxy analyses revealed a strong congruence between the host black shale and the Mn-carbonate ore beds. The Urkut black shale is really a gray shale with moderate to low TOC contents that accumulated in a starved basin. The organic matter and anoxic characteristics resulted from rapid accumulation of organic matter from microbial booms, accompanied by a geothermally generated hydrothermal circulation system, and a high rate of authigenic mineral formation (clay minerals and proto-ore minerals). The inferred enzymatic Mn and Fe oxidation blocked carbonate formation by decreasing the pH. The system remained suboxic via syngenetic mineral accumulation (Fe-rich biomats), and became anoxic during diagenesis in conjunction with pyrite generation. The separation of black shale beds and Mn-ore beds is not distinct through the section. Instead, a distal hydrothermally induced clay-rich authigenic assemblage (marlstone) best describes the black shale, in which Mn-oxide proto-ore beds (Mn-rich laminae) formed from the beginning of black shale deposition, when the oxygen supply in the sedimentary basin was insufficient for enzymatic Mn(II) oxidation. Mn-oxide proto-ore was transformed to Mn-carbonate ore during microbially mediated processes during early diagenesis. The drivers for Mn-bearing organic matter-rich marlstones were most probably a combination of regional and local processes, with generation of a tectonic rift system that promoted geothermally generated hydrothermal fluids, which initiated microbial blooms. Black shale mineralogy, geochemistry, and organic matter at Uncut differ from those of the epicontinental shelf black shales of the Tethyan Ocean. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Biro, Lorant; Gyollai, Ildiko; Nemeth, Tibor; Sajgo, Csanad; Fekete, Jozsef; Hamor-Vido, Maria] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geochem, Geobiomineralizat & Astrobiol Res Grp, Res Ctr Astron & Geosci, Budaorsi Str 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. [Polgari, Marta] Eszterhazy Karoly Coll, Dept Nat Geog & Geoinformat, Leanyka Str 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary. [Hein, James R.] USGS, 2885 Mission St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Schwark, Lorenz] CAU, Kiel, Germany. [Pal-Molnar, Elemer] Univ Szeged, Dept Mineral Geochem & Petrol, Egyet Str 2-6, H-6702 Szeged, Hungary. [Vigh, Tamas] Mangan Ltd, Kulterulet 1, H-8409 Urkut, Hungary. RP Polgari, M (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geochem, Geobiomineralizat & Astrobiol Res Grp, Res Ctr Astron & Geosci, Budaorsi Str 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. EM rodokrozit@gmail.com; jhein@usgs.gov; ls@gpi.uni-kiel.de; palm@geo.u-szeged.hu; manganvigh@vnet.hu FU National Research Development and Innovation Office, Hungary [120242] FX The study was supported by the research fund no. 120242 of the National Research Development and Innovation Office, Hungary. S. A. Gerdes and N. Zajzon offered samples, which is highly appreciated. We thank the careful reviews and constructive suggestions provided by Jan Pasava, and the editor. NR 129 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 459 BP 99 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.06.030 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA DV0EU UT WOS:000382591600009 ER PT J AU Battaglin, WA Smalling, KL Anderson, C Calhoun, D Chestnut, T Muths, E AF Battaglin, W. A. Smalling, K. L. Anderson, C. Calhoun, D. Chestnut, T. Muths, E. TI Potential interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality and adjacent land cover in amphibian habitats in the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pesticides; Amphibians; Habitat quality; Tissue; Land use; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ID FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; GLYPHOSATE-BASED HERBICIDE; TARGETED USE AREAS; CHYTRID FUNGUS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ACUTE TOXICITY; RIVER-BASIN; FUNGICIDE FORMULATIONS; PATHOGENIC FUNGUS AB To investigate interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality, and adjacent land cover, we collected samples of water, sediment, and frog tissue from 21 sites in 7 States in the United States (US) representing a variety of amphibian habitats. All samples were analyzed for >90 pesticides and pesticide degradates, and water and frogs were screened for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) using molecular methods. Pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected frequently in frog breeding habitats (water and sediment) as well as in frog tissue. Fungicides occurred more frequently in water, sediment, and tissue than was expected based upon their limited use relative to herbicides or insecticides. Pesticide occurrence in water or sediment was not a strong predictor of occurrence in tissue, but pesticide concentrations in tissue were correlated positively to agricultural and urban land, and negatively to forested land in 2-km buffers around the sites. Bd was detected in water at 45% of sites, and on 34% of swabbed frogs. Bd detections in water were not associated with differences in land use around sites, but sites with detections had colder water. Frogs that tested positive for Bd were associated with sites that had higher total fungicide concentrations in water and sediment, but lower insecticide concentrations in sediments relative to frogs that were Bd negative. Bd concentrations on frog swabs were positively correlated to dissolved organic carbon, and total nitrogen and phosphorus, and negatively correlated to pH and water temperature. Data were collected from a range of locations and amphibian habitats and represent some of the first field-collected information aimed at understanding the interactions between pesticides, land use, and amphibian disease. These interactions are of particular interest to conservation efforts as many amphibians live in altered habitats and may depend on wetlands embedded in these landscapes to survive. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Battaglin, W. A.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Smalling, K. L.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Anderson, C.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Calhoun, D.] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Chestnut, T.] Natl Pk Serv, Mt Rainer Natl Pk, Ashford, WA USA. [Muths, E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. OI Calhoun, Daniel/0000-0003-2371-6936 FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI); USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This study was funded by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) with additional support from the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The managers of the sources of funding did not participate in the design of the study, nor in the interpretation or writing of the manuscript. All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 104 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 38 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 320 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.062 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS8VK UT WOS:000381060900035 PM 27232962 ER PT J AU Givens, CE Kolpin, DW Borchardt, MA Duris, JW Moorman, TB Spencer, SK AF Givens, Carrie E. Kolpin, Dana W. Borchardt, Mark A. Duris, Joseph W. Moorman, Thomas B. Spencer, Susan K. TI Detection of hepatitis E virus and other livestock-related pathogens in Iowa streams SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Zoonotic pathogens; Hepatitis E virus; Indicator bacteria; Animal agriculture; Water quality; Environmental health ID RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; TILE DRAINAGE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ZOONOTIC TRANSMISSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER-RESOURCES; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; PIG MANURE; SWINE AB Manure application is a source of pathogens to the environment. Through overland runoff and tile drainage, zoonotic pathogens can contaminate surface water and streambed sediment and could affect both wildlife and human health. This study examined the environmental occurrence of gene markers for livestock-related bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens and antibiotic resistance in surface waters within the South Fork Iowa River basin before and after periods of swine manure application on agricultural land. Increased concentrations of indicator bacteria after manure application exceeding Iowa's state bacteria water quality standards suggest that swine manure contributes to diminished water quality and may pose a risk to human health. Additionally, the occurrence of HEV and numerous bacterial pathogen genes for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus in both manure samples and in corresponding surface water following periods of manure application suggests a potential role for swine in the spreading of zoonotic pathogens to the surrounding environment. During this study, several zoonotic pathogens were detected including Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, pathogenic enterococci, and S. aureus; all of which can pose mild to serious health risks to swine, humans, and other wildlife. This research provides the foundational understanding required for future assessment of the risk to environmental health from livestock-related zoonotic pathogen exposures in this region. This information could also be important for maintaining swine herd biosecurity and protecting the health of wildlife near swine facilities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Givens, Carrie E.; Duris, Joseph W.] US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, 400 South Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Borchardt, Mark A.; Spencer, Susan K.] USDA ARS, 2615 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Moorman, Thomas B.] USDA ARS, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Givens, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM cgivens@usgs.gov FU Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Kevin Cole (USDA); Jessica Garrett and Shannon Meppelink (USGS Iowa Water Science Center; Iowa City, IA); Heather Johnson (USGS Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center; Lansing, MI); and Hana Millen, Jordan Gonnering, and Jackson Borchardt (Marshfield) for sample collection and processing assistance. We thank Donna Francy (USGS Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center; Columbus, OH) and Dale Griffin (USGS; St. Petersburg, FL) for their technical comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 34 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 1042 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.123 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS8VK UT WOS:000381060900099 PM 27318519 ER PT J AU Zirkle, KW Nolan, BT Jones, RR Weyer, PJ Ward, MH Wheeler, DC AF Zirkle, Keith W. Nolan, Bernard T. Jones, Rena R. Weyer, Peter J. Ward, Mary H. Wheeler, David C. TI Assessing the relationship between groundwater nitrate and animal feeding operations in Iowa (USA) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Drinking water; Private wells; Animal feeding operations; Generalized additive models; Spatial cluster; Spatial clustering ID PUBLIC WATER-SUPPLIES; DRINKING-WATER; RISK; WELLS; CONTAMINATION; VULNERABILITY; DEFECTS; DISEASE; AQUIFER; QUALITY AB Nitrate-nitrogen is a common contaminant of drinking water in many agricultural areas of the United States of America (USA). Ingested nitrate from contaminated drinking water has been linked to an increased risk of several cancers, specific birth defects, and other diseases. In this research, we assessed the relationship between animal feeding operations (AFOs) and groundwater nitrate in private wells in Iowa. We characterized AFOs by swine and total animal units and type (open, confined, or mixed), and we evaluated the number and spatial intensities of AFOs in proximity to private wells. The types of AFO indicate the extent to which a facility is enclosed by a roof. Using linear regression models, we found significant positive associations between the total number of AFOs-within 2 km of a well (p trend < 0.001), number of open AFOs within 5 km of a well (p trend < 0.001), and number of mixed AFOs within 30 km of a well (p trend < 0.001) and the log nitrate concentration. Additionally, we found significant increases in log nitrate in the top quartiles for AFO spatial intensity, open AFO spatial intensity, and mixed AFO spatial intensity compared to the bottom quartile (0.171 log(mg/L), 0.319 log(mg/L), and 0.541 log(mg/L), respectively; all p < 0.001). We also explored the spatial distribution of nitrate-nitrogen in drinking wells and found significant spatial clustering of high-nitrate wells (>5 mg/L) compared with low-nitrate (<= 5 mg/L) wells (p = 0.001). A generalized additive model for high-nitrate status identified statistically significant areas of risk for high levels of nitrate. Adjustment for some AFO predictor variables explained a portion of the elevated nitrate risk. These results support a relationship between animal feeding operations and groundwater nitrate concentrations and differences in nitrate loss from confined AFOs vs. open or mixed types. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zirkle, Keith W.; Wheeler, David C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Jones, Rena R.; Ward, Mary H.] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. [Weyer, Peter J.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Hlth Effects Environm Contaminat, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Zirkle, KW (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [T32 ES007334]; Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute FX The project described was supported by grant number T32 ES007334 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). This study was also supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute. The publication contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS or NIH. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 1062 EP 1068 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.130 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS8VK UT WOS:000381060900101 PM 27277210 ER PT J AU Preston, TM Kim, K AF Preston, Todd M. Kim, Kevin TI Land cover changes associated with recent energy development in the Williston Basin; Northern Great Plains, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Land use change; Agriculture; Prairie; Disturbance; Reclamation; Oil and gas development ID NATURAL-GAS FIELD; UNITED-STATES; GRASSLAND SONGBIRDS; HABITAT LOSS; OIL; URBANIZATION; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; EFFICIENCY; SELECTION AB The Williston Basin in the Northern Great Plains has experienced rapid energy development since 2000. To evaluate the land cover changes resulting from recent (2000-2015) development, the area and previous land cover of all well pads (pads) constructed during this time were determined, the amount of disturbed and reclaimed land adjacent to pads was estimated, land cover changes were analyzed over time for three different well types, and the effects from future development were predicted. The previous land cover of the 12,990 ha converted to pads was predominately agricultural (49.5%) or prairie (47.4%) with lesser amounts of developed (2.3%), aquatic (0.5%), and forest (0.4%). Additionally, 12,121 ha has likely been disturbed and reclaimed. The area required per gas well remained constant through time while the land required per oil well increased initially and then decreased as development first shifted from conventional to unconventional drilling and then to multi-bore pads. For non-oil-and-gas wells (i.e. stratigraphic test wells, water wells, and injection wells), the area per well increased through time likely due to increased produced water disposal requirements. Future land cover change is expected to be 2.7 times greater than recent development with much of the development occurring in five counties in the core Bakken development area. Direct land cover change and disturbance from recent and expected development are predicted to affect 0.4% of the landscape across the basin; however, in the core Bakken development area, 2.3% of the landscape will be affected including 2.1% of the remaining grassland. Although future development will result in significant land cover change, evolving industry practices and proactive siting decisions, such as development along energy corridors and placing pads in areas previously altered by human activity, have the potential to reduce the ecological effects of future energy development in the Williston Basin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Preston, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2317 Univ St 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Kim, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Preston, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2317 Univ St 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM tmpreston@usgs.gov; kkim@usgs.gov OI Preston, Todd/0000-0002-8812-9233 FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area [RR0099M] FX The U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area (Project Number RR0099M Task 9) contributed initial funding for project development. The U.S. Geological Survey Secondary Transition to Employment Program provided analytical support for well pad delineation. We thank Alisa Gallant and Robb Diehl, both with the USGS, for insight into the use of the RLCM protocol and comments that improved the manuscript, respectively. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 1511 EP 1518 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.038 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS8VK UT WOS:000381060900145 PM 27318516 ER PT J AU Mills, TJ Mast, MA Thomas, J Keith, G AF Mills, Taylor J. Mast, M. Alisa Thomas, Judith Keith, Gabrielle TI Controls on selenium distribution and mobilization in an irrigated shallow groundwater system underlain by Mancos Shale, Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Groundwater; Nitrogen isotopes; Mancos Shale ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; KESTERSON RESERVOIR; ALLUVIAL SOILS; GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; IRON OXYHYDROXIDE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; ADSORPTION; CALIFORNIA; SELENATE AB Elevated selenium (Se) concentrations in surface water and groundwater have become a concern in areas of the Western United States due to the deleterious effects of Se on aquatic ecosystems. Elevated Se concentrations are most prevalent in irrigated alluvial valleys underlain by Se-bearing marine shales where Se can be leached from geologic materials into the shallow groundwater and surface water systems. This study presents groundwater chemistry and solid-phase geochemical data from the Uncompahgre River Basin in Western Colorado, an irrigated alluvial landscape underlain by Se-rich Cretaceous marine shale. We analyzed Se species, major and trace elements, and stable nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate in groundwater and aquifer sediments to examine processes governing selenium release and transport in the shallow groundwater system. Groundwater Se concentrations ranged from below detection limit (<0.5 mu g L-1) to 4070 mu g L-1, and primarily are controlled by high groundwater nitrate concentrations that maintain oxidizing conditions in the aquifer despite low dissolved oxygen concentrations. High nitrate concentrations in non-irrigated soils and nitrate isotopes indicate nitrate is largely derived from natural sources in the Mancos Shale and alluvialmaterial. Thus, in contrast to areas that receive substantial NO3 inputs through inorganic fertilizer application, Se mitigation efforts that involve limiting NO3 application might have little impact on groundwater Se concentrations in the study area. Soluble salts are the primary source of Se to the groundwater systemin the study area at-present, but they constitute a small percentage of the total Se content of core material. Sequential extraction results indicate insoluble Se is likely composed of reduced Se in recalcitrant organic matter or discrete selenide phases. Oxidation of reduced Se species that constitute the majority of the Se pool in the study area could be a potential source of Se in the future as soluble salts are progressively depleted. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mills, Taylor J.; Mast, M. Alisa; Thomas, Judith; Keith, Gabrielle] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Mills, TJ (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, MS-415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. FU Colorado Water Conservation Board Species Conservation Fund; USGS Cooperative Water Program FX This work was supported by funding from Colorado Water Conservation Board Species Conservation Fund and USGS Cooperative Water Program. Richard Healy of the USGS provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2016 VL 566 BP 1621 EP 1631 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.063 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS8VK UT WOS:000381060900156 PM 27320741 ER PT J AU Mehrabi, B Siani, MG Goldfarb, R Azizi, H Ganerod, M Marsh, EE AF Mehrabi, Behzad Siani, Majid Ghasemi Goldfarb, Richard Azizi, Hossein Ganerod, Morgan Marsh, Erin Elizabeth TI Mineral assemblages, fluid evolution, and genesis of polymetallic epithermal veins, Glojeh district, NW Iran SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Glojeh epithermal veins; Fluid inclusion; Stable isotope; Geochronology; Mineralization; Fluid evolution; Genesis ID PEARCEITE-POLYBASITE GROUP; HYDROTHERMAL ORE-DEPOSITS; ACID-SULFATE ALTERATION; SOLID-STATE DIFFUSION; CHALCOPYRITE DISEASE; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; PHASE-RELATIONS; MAGMATIC VAPOR; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; GOLD DEPOSIT AB The Glojeh district contains silver- and base metal-rich epithermal veins and is one of the most highly mineralized locations in the Tarom-Hashtjin metallogenic province, northwestern Iran. It consists of four major epithermal veins, which are located in the South Glojeh and North Glojeh areas. Alteration in the Glojeh district consists of propylitic, sericitic, and argillic assemblages, as well as extensive silicification. The ore-bearing veins comprise three paragenetic stages: (1) early Cu-Au-As-Sb-Fe-bearing minerals, (2) middle stage Pb-Zn-Cu-Cd-Ag-bearing minerals, and (3) late hematite-Ag-Bi-Au-Pb mineralogy. The veins are best classified as the product of an early high-sulfidation hydrothermal system, which was overprinted by an intermediate sulfidation system that was rich in Ag and base metals. Hematite is locally altered to goethite in zones of as much as 40 m in width during supergene alteration and the goethite is an important exploration tool. Fluid inclusions from the early, middle, and late stages, respectively, have salinities and homogenizations temperatures ranging from 5 to 11 wt.% NaCl eq. and 220 degrees C to 340 degrees C, to 1 to 8 wt% NaCl eq. and 200 degrees C to 290 degrees C and finally to. 0.1 to 2 wt.% NaCl eq. and 150 degrees C to 200 degrees C. The oxygen isotope values in quartz range from 8.8 to 13.3 parts per thousand and most calculated fluid delta O-18 values are between 4 and 8 parts per thousand, suggesting a magmatic fluid with some meteoric water contamination. Sulfur isotope values for chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, and galena are mainly -7.3 to +13 parts per thousand and -0.3 to +8.4 parts per thousand for North Glojeh and South Glojeh, respectively. Sulfur isotope data suggest a magmatic origin. Boiling, isothermal mixing, and dilution are the main mechanisms for ore deposition in the Glojeh veins. Recent Ar-40/Ar-39 age measurements of 42.20 +/- 0.34 Ma and 42.56 +/- 1.47 Ma for the North Glojeh and South Glojeh veins, respectively, overlap with the 41.87 +/- 1.58 Ma age of the Goljin intrusion in the northern part of the district, which we interpret as the main heat source controlling the hydrothermal systems. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mehrabi, Behzad; Siani, Majid Ghasemi] Kharazmi Univ, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Tehran, Iran. [Goldfarb, Richard; Marsh, Erin Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Azizi, Hossein] Univ Kurdistan, Fac Engn, Min Dept, Sanandaj, Iran. [Ganerod, Morgan] Geol Survey Norway NGU, Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Mehrabi, B (reprint author), Kharazmi Univ, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Tehran, Iran. EM mehrabi@khu.ac.ir OI Azizi, Hossein/0000-0001-5686-4340 FU Mirmohamadi Foundation [G-21390] FX Authors would like to thank the IMIDRO and IMPRC for technical support and Prof. Mirmohamadi Foundation (G-21390) for partial financial support. Authors also like to thank Prof. F. Pirajno and J.W. Mao for through review and constructive comments. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2016 VL 78 BP 41 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.03.016 PG 17 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA DP4EZ UT WOS:000378450300003 ER PT J AU Madej, MA Wohl, E AF Madej, Mary Ann Wohl, Ellen TI Introduction to Special Issue on Carbon and Landscape Dynamics SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Editorial Material DE carbon; geomorphology; landscape dynamics ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; TRANSPORT; DIOXIDE; EROSION; SEQUESTRATION; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; BURIAL; OCEANS C1 [Madej, Mary Ann] USGS, Redwood Field Stn, Reston, VA USA. [Wohl, Ellen] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wohl, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP 30 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1790 EP 1792 DI 10.1002/esp.3983 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DW4MC UT WOS:000383616200011 ER PT J AU Fathel, S Furbish, D Schmeeckle, M AF Fathel, Siobhan Furbish, David Schmeeckle, Mark TI Parsing anomalous versus normal diffusive behavior of bedload sediment particles SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE bedload sediment transport; anomalous diffusion; inhomogeneous diffusion; Brownian diffusion ID TRANSPORT RATES; BED; MOTION; STATISTICS; PICTURE; RIVERS AB Bedload sediment transport is the basic physical ingredient of river evolution. Formulae exist for estimating transport rates, but the diffusive contribution to the sediment flux, and the associated spreading rate of tracer particles, are not clearly understood. The start-and-stop motions of sediment particles transported as bedload on a streambed mimic aspects of the Einstein-Smoluchowski description of the random-walk motions of Brownian particles. Using this touchstone description, recent work suggests the presence of anomalous diffusion, where the particle spreading rate differs from the linear dependence with time of Brownian behavior. We demonstrate that conventional measures of particle spreading reveal different attributes of bedload particle behavior depending on details of the calculation. When we view particle motions over start-and-stop timescales obtained from high-speed (250 Hz) imaging of coarse-sand particles, high-resolution measurements reveal ballistic-like behavior at the shortest (10(-2) s) timescale, followed by apparent anomalous behavior due to correlated random walks in transition to normal diffusion (>10(-1) s) - similar to Brownian particle behavior but involving distinctly different physics. However, when treated as a virtual plume' over this timescale range, particles exhibit inhomogeneous diffusive behavior because both the mean and the variance of particle travel distances increase nonlinearly with increasing travel times, a behavior that is unrelated to anomalous diffusion or to Brownian-like behavior. Our results indicate that care is needed in suggesting anomalous behavior when appealing to conventional measures of diffusion formulated for ideal particle systems. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fathel, Siobhan; Furbish, David] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Fathel, Siobhan; Furbish, David] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Schmeeckle, Mark] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Fathel, S (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM siobhan.fathel@Vanderbilt.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1226076, EAR-1226288] FX We appreciate critical discussions with Peter Haff, Rina Schumer and Raleigh Martin, we thank Kate Leary for her help with the experiments, and we acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1226076, EAR-1226288).We also appreciate the critical reviews of Joris Heyman and Alessio Radice. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP 30 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1797 EP 1803 DI 10.1002/esp.3994 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DW4MC UT WOS:000383616200013 ER PT J AU Kellogg, CA Ross, SW Brooke, SD AF Kellogg, Christina A. Ross, Steve W. Brooke, Sandra D. TI Bacterial community diversity of the deep-sea octocoral Paramuricea placomus SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Cold-water coral; Bacteria; Gorgonian; Submarine canyon; Microbiome ID CORAL LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; COLD-WATER CORALS; FIXATION ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CULTURABLE BACTERIA AB Compared to tropical corals, muth less is known about deep-sea coral biology and ecology. Although the microbial communities of some deep-sea corals have been described this is the first study to characterize the bacterial community associated wide) the deep-sea octocoral, Paramuncea Placornus. Samples from five colonies of P. placomus were collected from Baltimore Canyon (379-382 m depth) in the Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of the United States of America. DNA was extracted from the coral samples and 16S rRNA gene amplicons were pyrosequenced using V4-V5 primers. Three samples sequenced deeply (>4,000 sequences each) and were further analyzed. The dominant microbial phylum was Proteobacteria, but other major phyla included Firmicutes and Planctomycetes. A conserved community of bacterial taxa held in common across the three P. placomus colonies was identified, comprising 68-90% of the total bacterial community depending on the coral individual. The bacterial community of P. placomus does not appear to include the genus Endozoicomonas, which has been found previously to be the dominant bacterial associate in several temperate and tropical gorgonians. Inferred functionality suggests the possibility of nitrogen cycling by the core bacterial community. C1 [Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Ross, Steve W.] Univ North Carolina Wilmington, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC USA. [Brooke, Sandra D.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, Environments Program through the Outer Continental Shelf study on Mid-Atlantic Canyons; National Oceanographic Partnership Program; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M10PC00100] FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, Environments Program through the Outer Continental Shelf study on Mid-Atlantic Canyons. Additional funding was sponsored by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program and supplied by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) contract number M10PC00100 (contracted to CSA Ocean Sciences, Inc.). The Nancy Foster and Kraken II were provided by the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 110 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD SEP 29 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e2529 DI 10.7717/peerj.2529 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ1BB UT WOS:000385572500006 PM 27703865 ER PT J AU Mikle, N Graves, TA Kovach, R Kendall, KC Macleod, AC AF Mikle, Nate Graves, Tabitha A. Kovach, Ryan Kendall, Katherine C. Macleod, Amy C. TI Demographic mechanisms underpinning genetic assimilation of remnant groups of a large carnivore SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; parentage; reproduction; migration; range expansion; dispersal ID BROWN BEAR POPULATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RANGE EXPANSION; URSUS-ARCTOS; GRIZZLY BEARS; CANIS-LUPUS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AB Current range expansions of large terrestrial carnivores are occurring following human-induced range contraction. Contractions are often incomplete, leaving small remnant groups in refugia throughout the former range. Little is known about the underlying ecological and evolutionary processes that influence how remnant groups are affected during range expansion. We used data from a spatially explicit, long-term genetic sampling effort of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE), USA, to identify the demographic processes underlying spatial and temporal patterns of genetic diversity. We conducted parentage analysis to evaluate how reproductive success and dispersal contribute to spatio-temporal patterns of genetic diversity in remnant groups of grizzly bears existing in the southwestern (SW), southeastern (SE) and east-central (EC) regions of the NCDE. A few reproductively dominant individuals and local inbreeding caused low genetic diversity in peripheral regions that may have persisted for multiple generations before eroding rapidly (approx. one generation) during population expansion. Our results highlight that individual-level genetic and reproductive dynamics play critical roles during genetic assimilation, and show that spatial patterns of genetic diversity on the leading edge of an expansion may result from historical demographic patterns that are highly ephemeral. C1 [Mikle, Nate; Graves, Tabitha A.; Kovach, Ryan; Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 38 Mather Dr,POB 169, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Macleod, Amy C.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Mikle, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 38 Mather Dr,POB 169, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM nmikle@usgs.gov FU USGS; USFS; NSF DEB [0919239]; David H. Smith Postdoctoral fellowship FX In addition to primary funding from USGS and USFS, NSF DEB grant no. 0919239, the David H. Smith Postdoctoral fellowship, and especially support from the Glacier National Park Conservancy enabled this analysis. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1839 AR 20161467 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.1467 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EA3GG UT WOS:000386489200014 ER PT J AU Reichert, BE Kendall, WL Fletcher, RJ Kitchens, WM AF Reichert, Brian E. Kendall, William L. Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. Kitchens, Wiley M. TI Spatio-Temporal Variation in Age Structure and Abundance of the Endangered Snail Kite: Pooling across Regions Masks a Declining and Aging Population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; FLORIDA; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL; PROBABILITIES; CONSEQUENCES AB While variation in age structure over time and space has long been considered important for population dynamics and conservation, reliable estimates of such spatio-temporal variation in age structure have been elusive for wild vertebrate populations. This limitation has arisen because of problems of imperfect detection, the potential for temporary emigration impacting assessments of age structure, and limited information on age. However, identifying patterns in age structure is important for making reliable predictions of both short-and long-term dynamics of populations of conservation concern. Using a multistate superpopulation estimator, we estimated region-specific abundance and age structure (the proportion of individuals within each age class) of a highly endangered population of snail kites for two separate regions in Florida over 17 years (1997-2013). We find that in the southern region of the snail kite-a region known to be critical for the long-term persistence of the species-the population has declined significantly since 1997, and during this time, it has increasingly become dominated by older snail kites (> 12 years old). In contrast, in the northern region-a region historically thought to serve primarily as drought refugia-the population has increased significantly since 2007 and age structure is more evenly distributed among age classes. Given that snail kites show senescence at approximately 13 years of age, where individuals suffer higher mortality rates and lower breeding rates, these results reveal an alarming trend for the southern region. Our work illustrates the importance of accounting for spatial structure when assessing changes in abundance and age distribution and the need for monitoring of age structure in imperiled species. C1 [Reichert, Brian E.; Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.; Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Reichert, BE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM breich@ufl.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers [W912HZ-15-2-0010]; US Fish and Wildlife Service [401819G578]; St Johns River Water Management District [27814]; US Geological Survey [G15AC00229] FX Financial support was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers-project #W912HZ-15-2-0010 (http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/), US Fish and Wildlife Service-project #401819G578 (http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/), St Johns River Water Management District-project #27814 (http://floridaswater.com/), and US Geological Survey-project #G15AC00229 (http://www.usgs.gov/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162690 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162690 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DX2BH UT WOS:000384171400017 PM 27681854 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Pulkkinen, A Bedrosian, PA Jonas, S Kelbert, A Rigler, EJ Finn, CA Balch, CC Rutledge, R Waggel, RM Sabata, AT Kozyra, JU Black, CE AF Love, Jeffrey J. Pulkkinen, Antti Bedrosian, Paul A. Jonas, Seth Kelbert, Anna Rigler, E. Joshua Finn, Carol A. Balch, Christopher C. Rutledge, Robert Waggel, Richard M. Sabata, Andrew T. Kozyra, Janet U. Black, Carrie E. TI Geoelectric hazard maps for the continental United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETICALLY INDUCED CURRENTS; USARRAY MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; EARTH; SYSTEM; NETWORK; FIELDS; SPACE; STORM AB In support of a multiagency project for assessing induction hazards, we present maps of extreme-value geoelectric amplitudes over about half of the continental United States. These maps are constructed using a parameterization of induction: estimates of Earth surface impedance, obtained at discrete geographic sites from magnetotelluric survey data, are convolved with latitude-dependent statistical maps of extreme-value geomagnetic activity, obtained from decades of magnetic observatory data. Geoelectric amplitudes are estimated for geomagnetic waveforms having 240 s sinusoidal period and amplitudes over 10 min that exceed a once-per-century threshold. As a result of the combination of geographic differences in geomagnetic activity and Earth surface impedance, once-per-century geoelectric amplitudes span more than 2 orders of magnitude and are an intricate function of location. For north-south induction, once-per-century geoelectric amplitudes across large parts of the United States have a median value of 0.26 V/km; for east-west geomagnetic variation the median value is 0.23 V/km. At some locations, once-per-century geoelectric amplitudes exceed 3 V/km. C1 [Love, Jeffrey J.; Kelbert, Anna; Rigler, E. Joshua; Finn, Carol A.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pulkkinen, Antti] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jonas, Seth] Inst Def Anal, Sci & Technol Policy Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Balch, Christopher C.; Rutledge, Robert] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Waggel, Richard M.] Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Off Energy Infrastruct Secur, Washington, DC USA. [Sabata, Andrew T.] Fed Emergency Management Assoc, Denton, TX USA. [Kozyra, Janet U.; Black, Carrie E.] Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov OI Kelbert, Anna/0000-0003-4395-398X FU operation of magnetic observatories and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of observatory practice FX We thank J. Campanya, A.D. Chave, J. McCarthy, R. Sharma, J.L. Slate, A. Veeramany, and J.R. Woodroffe for reviewing a draft manuscript. We thank E.E. Bernabeu, W.S. Leith, and W. Murtagh for their useful conversations. Magnetic observatory data were obtained from either the Kyoto or Edinburgh World Data Centers or from INTERMAGNET. We thank the national institutes that support the operation of magnetic observatories and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of observatory practice (www.intermagnet.org). Geoelectric data can be obtained from the Kakioka Magnetic Observatory. EarthScope impedance tensors can be obtained from the Data Management Center of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (ds.iris.edu/ds/products/emtf). Views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent those of FERC. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 18 BP 9415 EP 9424 DI 10.1002/2016GL070469 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY8PS UT WOS:000385392900008 ER PT J AU Shelton, JL Akob, DM McIntosh, JC Fierer, N Spear, JR Warwick, PD McCray, JE AF Shelton, Jenna L. Akob, Denise M. McIntosh, Jennifer C. Fierer, Noah Spear, John R. Warwick, Peter D. McCray, John E. TI Environmental Drivers of Differences in Microbial Community Structure in Crude Oil Reservoirs across a Methanogenic Gradient SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oil field; microbial ecology; methane; hydrogeochemical tracers; methanogenic crude oil biodegradation; Gulf Coast Basin ID SYNTROPHIC ASSOCIATIONS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; BIODEGRADED OILS; PRODUCTION WATER; DEEP SUBSURFACE; DIVERSITY; BASIN; CONVERSION; SEQUENCES AB Stimulating in situ microbial communities in oil reservoirs to produce natural gas is a potentially viable strategy for recovering additional fossil fuel resources following traditional recovery operations. Little is known about what geochemical parameters drive microbial population dynamics in biodegraded, methanogenic oil reservoirs. We investigated if microbial community structure was significantly impacted by the extent of crude oil biodegradation, extent of biogenic methane production, and formation water chemistry. Twenty-two oil production wells from north central Louisiana, USA, were sampled for analysis of microbial community structure and fluid geochemistry. Archaea were the dominant microbial community in the majority of the wells sampled. Methanogens, including hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic organisms, were numerically dominant in every well, accounting for, on average, over 98% of the total Archaea present. The dominant Bacteria groups were Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridiales, which have also been identified in other microbially-altered oil reservoirs. Comparing microbial community structure to fluid (gas, water, and oil) geochemistry revealed that the relative extent of biodegradation, salinity, and spatial location were the major drivers of microbial diversity. Archaeal relative abundance was independent of the extent of methanogenesis, but closely correlated to the extent of crude oil biodegradation; therefore, microbial community structure is likely not a good sole predictor of methanogenic activity, but may predict the extent of crude oil biodegradation. However, when the shallow, highly biodegraded, low salinity wells were excluded from the statistical analysis, no environmental parameters could explain the differences in microbial community structure. This suggests that the microbial community structure of the 5 shallow, up-dip wells was different than the 17 deeper, down-dip wells. Also, the 17 down-dip wells had statistically similar microbial communities despite significant changes in environmental parameters between oil fields. Together, this implies that no single microbial population is a reliable indicator of a reservoir's ability to degrade crude oil to methane, and that geochemistry may be a more important indicator for selecting a reservoir suitable for microbial enhancement of natural gas generation. C1 [Shelton, Jenna L.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.; Warwick, Peter D.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Akob, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Eastern Branch, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Spear, John R.; McCray, John E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [McCray, John E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Shelton, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM jishelton@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Carbon Sequestration-Geologic Research and Assessments Project; Colorado School of Mines; NSF [EAR-1322805] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Carbon Sequestration-Geologic Research and Assessments Project. JLS acknowledges additional support from Colorado School of Mines, and JM acknowledges additional support from an NSF grant (EAR-1322805). We thank XTO Energy (especially J. Lindsey), TDX Energy (especially B. Little and R. Ebarb), and AJ&J Thornton Oil for both allowing access to field sites, and for their co-operation throughout the investigation. We acknowledge C. DeVera, D. Dunlap, and A. Poret-Peterson at the USGS and the Fierer Lab at University of Colorado at Boulder for field and laboratory assistance, as well as Elizabeth Jones from the USGS and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful insight to the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD SEP 28 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1535 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01535 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DX2LT UT WOS:000384202100002 PM 27733847 ER PT J AU Ausband, DE Mitchell, MS Bassing, SB Nordhagen, M Smith, DW Stahler, DR AF Ausband, David E. Mitchell, Michael S. Bassing, Sarah B. Nordhagen, Matthew Smith, Douglas W. Stahler, Daniel R. TI Dog days of summer: influences on decision of wolves to move pups SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; gray wolves; movement; offspring; predation; rendezvous sites ID GRAY WOLF; RENDEZVOUS SITES; ATTENDANCE; CARNIVORE; SURVIVAL; PREDATOR; HELPERS; SIZE; DEN AB For animals that forage widely, protecting young from predation can span relatively long time periods due to the inability of young to travel with and be protected by their parents. Moving relatively immobile young to improve access to important resources, limit detection of concentrated scent by predators, and decrease infestations by ectoparasites can be advantageous. Moving young, however, can also expose them to increased mortality risks (e.g., accidents, getting lost, predation). For group-living animals that live in variable environments and care for young over extended time periods, the influence of biotic factors (e.g., group size, predation risk) and abiotic factors (e.g., temperature and precipitation) on the decision to move young is unknown. We used data from 25 satellite-collared wolves (Canis lupus) in Idaho, Montana, and Yellowstone National Park to evaluate how these factors could influence the decision to move pups during the pup-rearing season. We hypothesized that litter size, the number of adults in a group, and perceived predation risk would positively affect the number of times gray wolves moved pups. We further hypothesized that wolves would move their pups more often when it was hot and dry to ensure sufficient access to water. Contrary to our hypothesis, monthly temperature above the 30-year average was negatively related to the number of times wolves moved their pups. Monthly precipitation above the 30-year average, however, was positively related to the amount of time wolves spent at pup-rearing sites after leaving the natal den. We found little relationship between risk of predation (by grizzly bears, humans, or conspecifics) or group and litter sizes and number of times wolves moved their pups. Our findings suggest that abiotic factors most strongly influence the decision of wolves to move pups, although responses to unpredictable biotic events (e.g., a predator encountering pups) cannot be ruled out. C1 [Ausband, David E.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 2885 Kathleen Ave, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Bassing, Sarah B.; Nordhagen, Matthew] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Smith, Douglas W.; Stahler, Daniel R.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu FU Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare; Bernice Barbour Foundation FX We thank Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Yellowstone National Park for use of their data. We also thank J. Husseman, K. Laudon, M. Metz, K. Oelrich, G. Pauley, L. Rich, S. Roberts, J. Struthers, and C. White. We received financial support from the Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare and the Bernice Barbour Foundation while compiling data. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1282 EP 1287 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw114 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DZ1VC UT WOS:000385628300003 ER PT J AU Ruprecht, JS Hersey, KR Hafen, K Monteith, KL DeCesare, NJ Kauffman, MJ MacNulty, DR AF Ruprecht, Joel S. Hersey, Kent R. Hafen, Konrad Monteith, Kevin L. DeCesare, Nicholas J. Kauffman, Matthew J. MacNulty, Daniel R. TI Reproduction in moose at their southern range limit SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Alces; environmental gradient; latitude; range edge; rump fat; Shiras; Utah ID PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; ALCES-ALCES; BODY-MASS; LIFE-HISTORY; ALASKAN MOOSE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; PLANT PHENOLOGY; SPECIES RANGE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION AB Reproduction is a critical fitness component in large herbivores. Biogeographic models predict that populations occurring at the edges of the range may have compromised reproductive rates because of inferior habitat at range peripheries. When reproductive rates are chronically low, ungulate populations may lack the resiliency to rebound quickly after periods of environmental stress, and this effect may be greatest for heat-sensitive organisms at their southern range limit. To assess the demographic vulnerability of moose (Alces alces), we studied relationships between reproductive rates, maternal age, and rump fat in the southernmost naturally occurring moose population in North America. For prime-aged moose in our study, pregnancy rates were high (92%), but moose aged < 3 or > 9 years had low pregnancy rates (32% and 38%, respectively). The relationship between rump fat and pregnancy was nonlinear such that a threshold of at least 2 mm of rump fat yielded a high probability of being pregnant midwinter. In contrast, among pregnant moose, the probability of both producing a calf and recruiting it until spring increased linearly with rump fat. We also conducted a meta-analysis of pregnancy and twinning rates for adult (>= 2 years) moose across a latitudinal gradient to compare reproductive rates from our study to other populations in North America. Moose living at southern latitudes tended to have lower reproductive rates than those living in the core of moose range, implying that southern moose populations may be demographically more vulnerable than northern moose populations. C1 [Ruprecht, Joel S.; MacNulty, Daniel R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ruprecht, Joel S.; MacNulty, Daniel R.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hersey, Kent R.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Box 146301, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [Hafen, Konrad] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Monteith, Kevin L.] Univ Wyoming, Haub Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [DeCesare, Nicholas J.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 3201 Spurgin Rd, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Ruprecht, JS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Ruprecht, JS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ruprechtjoel@gmail.com FU Albert W. Franzmann and Distinguished Colleagues Memorial Award; Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources FX We thank the dedicated biologists, pilots, and coordinators with the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources who made this research possible. Funding for the study came from the Albert W. Franzmann and Distinguished Colleagues Memorial Award, Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife, and the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. D. Edmunds, L. Aubry, P. Budy, C. Maggi, and 2 anonymous reviewers made valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1365 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw099 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DZ1VC UT WOS:000385628300011 ER PT J AU Poessel, SA Breck, SW Gese, EM AF Poessel, Sharon A. Breck, Stewart W. Gese, Eric M. TI Spatial ecology of coyotes in the Denver metropolitan area: influence of the urban matrix SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; habitat use; home range; human-wildlife conflict; resource selection; urban ecology ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT USE; MAMMALIAN HAZARDS; CANIS LATRANS; LANDSCAPE; FRAGMENTATION; URBANIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; MOVEMENTS; CONFLICT AB Urbanization alters landscapes and ecosystem processes that result in negative impacts for many species. However, urbanization also creates novel environments that certain species, including carnivores, are able to exploit. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are 1 example of a species capable of exploiting urban environments throughout North America and, in some cases, becoming involved in human-coyote conflict. As part of a comprehensive study of human-coyote coexistence in the Denver metropolitan area of Colorado, we investigated the spatial ecology of coyotes to determine movement and activity patterns relative to the urban matrix. We examined home-range size, habitat use, and resource selection for 22 coyotes monitored with GPS collars during 2012-2014. Mean (+/- SD) home-range size of resident coyotes (11.6 +/- 11.0 km(2)) was smaller than ranges of transient coyotes (200.7 +/- 232.4 km(2)). Home-range size did not vary by season or sex, but resident coyotes during the day (7.2 +/- 10.5 km(2)) had smaller home ranges than during the night (11.3 +/- 10.8 km(2)). Coyotes had high percentages of developed lands (44.5 +/- 18.9%) within their home ranges, contrary to previous studies of urban coyotes. However, the percentage of coyote locations in natural lands (48.9 +/- 22.4%) was higher than in developed lands (20.6 +/- 11.7%). Home-range size of residents was not related to either the percentage of developed lands or altered lands within home ranges. Coyotes selected natural lands over developed lands, and they increased activity at night. Although coyotes were able to thrive in home ranges containing large amounts of development, they continued to avoid areas with high human activity by primarily residing in areas with natural land cover. Similar to urban areas throughout the Northern Hemisphere, coyotes in the Denver metropolitan area have become efficiently adapted to a highly developed landscape, reflecting the flexible nature of this opportunistic carnivore. C1 [Poessel, Sharon A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Wildlife Serv, USDA,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Poessel, Sharon A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 S Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Poessel, SA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Poessel, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 S Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM sharpoes@gmail.com OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center; Ecology Center at Utah State University FX We thank J. Brinker, F. Quarterone, D. Lewis, R. Sedbrook, R. Raker, J. Kougher, B. Massey, E. Mock, R. Much, and J. Ulloa for field assistance. L. Wolfe and K. Fox of Colorado Parks and Wildlife provided necropsy services. We thank J. Young and T. Atwood for assistance with early planning of the Denver coyote research project. Funding and logistical support were provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center and the Ecology Center at Utah State University. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 38 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD SEP 27 PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1414 EP 1427 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw090 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DZ1VC UT WOS:000385628300017 ER PT J AU Julian, JT Gould, VA Glenney, GW Brooks, RP AF Julian, James T. Gould, Victoria A. Glenney, Gavin W. Brooks, Robert P. TI Seasonal infection rates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in populations of northern green frog Lithobates clamitans melanota tadpoles SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Chytrid fungus; Temporal; Amphibian; Disease prevalence ID CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; AMPHIBIANS; TEMPERATURE; PATHOGEN; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; DECLINES AB Few studies have documented seasonal variation of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection rates in larval amphibians. We identified 4 natural populations of northern green frogs Lithobates clamitans melanota in Pennsylvania (USA) that contained Bd-infected tadpoles during post-wintering collections in May and June, after hibernating tadpoles had overwintered in wetlands. However, we failed to detect infected tadpoles at those wetlands when pre-wintering collections were made in late July through early September. We observed 2 cohorts of tadpoles that appeared to lack Bd-infected individuals in pre-wintering collections, yet contained Bd-infected individuals the following spring. We also observed 4 cohorts of pre-wintering tadpoles that were Bd-free, even though post-wintering tadpoles collected earlier in the year were infected with Bd. Our results suggest that tadpoles either reduce Bd infections during the summer months, and/or infections proliferate sometime prior to (or shortly after) tadpoles emerge from hibernation. It is unlikely that pre-wintering tadpoles were too small to detect Bd zoospores because (1) there was no correlation between Bd zoospore levels and tadpole size or stage, and (2) size was not a significant predictor of infection status. These results suggest that, while sampling larvae can be an effective means of collecting large sample sizes, investigators in our Mid-Atlantic region should conduct sampling by early summer to maximize the chances of detecting Bd. Further research is warranted to determine whether wetland topography and warm, shallow microhabitats within wetlands contribute to a population's ability to drastically reduce Bd prevalence prior to overwintering at ponds. C1 [Julian, James T.; Gould, Victoria A.] Penn State Univ, Altoona Coll, Div Math & Nat Sci, 3000 Ivyside Pk, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. [Glenney, Gavin W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Center, Fish Hlth Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Brooks, Robert P.] Penn State Univ Univ Pk, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Julian, JT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Altoona Coll, Div Math & Nat Sci, 3000 Ivyside Pk, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. EM jtj2@psu.edu FU Summer Student Research Grant; Office of Research and Sponsored Programs at Penn State Altoona College FX We thank L. Gromiller, C. Holsinger, C. Keller, and J. Skebo for their help with collecting and processing specimens. This research was supported through a Summer Student Research Grant and an Undergraduate Research Assistantship from the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs at Penn State Altoona College. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 26 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.3354/dao03046 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA EN0OW UT WOS:000395710300002 ER PT J AU Lee, KC Archer, SDJ Boyle, RH Lacap-Bugler, DC Belnap, J Pointing, SB AF Lee, Kevin C. Archer, Stephen D. J. Boyle, Rachel H. Lacap-Bugler, Donnabella C. Belnap, Jayne Pointing, Stephen B. TI Niche Filtering of Bacteria in Soil and Rock Habitats of the Colorado Plateau Desert, Utah, USA SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; cryptoendolith; Cyanobacteria; desert; Utah ID ATACAMA DESERT; MICROBIAL COLONIZATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CRUSTS; DIVERSITY; HOT; CYANOBACTERIA; ENVIRONMENT; LIFE; MULTIFUNCTIONALITY AB A common feature of microbial colonization in deserts is biological soil crusts (BSCs), and these comprise a complex community dominated by Cyanobacteria. Rock substrates, particularly sandstone, are also colonized by microbial communities. These are separated by bare sandy soil that also supports microbial colonization. Here we report a high-throughput sequencing study of BSC and cryptoendolith plus adjacent bare soil communities in the Colorado Plateau Desert, Utah, USA. Bare soils supported a community with low levels of recoverable DNA and high evenness, whilst BSC yielded relatively high recoverable DNA, and reduced evenness compared to bare soil due to specialized crust taxa. The cryptoendolithic community displayed the greatest evenness but the lowest diversity, reflecting the highly specialized nature of these communities. A strong substrate-dependent pattern of community assembly was observed, and in particular cyanobacterial taxa were distinct. Soils were virtually devoid of photoautotrophic signatures. BSC was dominated by a closely related group of Microcoleus/Phormiclium taxa, whilst cryptoendolithic colonization in sandstone supported almost exclusively a single genus, Chroococcicliopsis. We interpret this as strong evidence for niche filtering of taxa in communities. Local inter-niche recruitment of photoautotrophs may therefore be limited and so communities likely depend significantly on cyanobacterial recruitment from distant sources of similar substrate. We discuss the implication of this finding in terms of conservation and management of desert microbiota. C1 [Lee, Kevin C.; Archer, Stephen D. J.; Boyle, Rachel H.; Lacap-Bugler, Donnabella C.; Pointing, Stephen B.] Auckland Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Inst Appl Ecol New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Pointing, Stephen B.] Kanazawa Univ, Inst Nat & Environm Technol, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. RP Pointing, SB (reprint author), Auckland Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Inst Appl Ecol New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.; Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA.; Pointing, SB (reprint author), Kanazawa Univ, Inst Nat & Environm Technol, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; steve.pointing@aut.ac.nz FU Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand; U.S. Geological Survey by the Ecosystems program FX This research was funded by the Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (http://aenz.aut.ac.nz). The authors thank the U.S. Geological Survey for access to the field sampling site and support for JB by the Ecosystems program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD SEP 26 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1489 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01489 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DX1ZX UT WOS:000384167500002 PM 27725810 ER PT J AU Martinez-Marti, C Jimenez-Franco, MV Royle, JA Palazon, JA Calvo, JF AF Martinez-Marti, Chele Jimenez-Franco, Maria V. Royle, J. Andrew Palazon, Jose A. Calvo, Jose F. TI Integrating occurrence and detectability patterns based on interview data: a case study for threatened mammals in Equatorial Guinea SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FALSE-NEGATIVE ERRORS; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; OCCUPANCY ESTIMATION; NATIONAL-PARK; MODELS; POPULATION; DETECTIONS; ABUNDANCE; PRIMATES; IMPACTS AB Occurrence models that account for imperfect detection of species are increasingly used for estimating geographical range, for determining species-landscape relations and to prioritize conservation actions worldwide. In 2010, we conducted a large-scale survey in Rio Muni, the mainland territory of Equatorial Guinea, which aimed to estimate the probabilities of occurrence and detection of threatened mammals based on environmental covariates, and to identify priority areas for conservation. Interviews with hunters were designed to record presence/absence data of seven species (golden cat, leopard, forest elephant, forest buffalo, western gorilla, chimpanzee and mandrill) in 225 sites throughout the region. We fitted single season occupancy models and recently developed models which also include false positive errors (i.e. species detected in places where it actually does not occur), which should provide more accurate estimates for most species, which are susceptible to mis-identification. Golden cat and leopard had the lowest occurrence rates in the region, whereas primates had the highest rates. All species, except gorilla, were affected negatively by human settlements. The southern half of Rio Muni showed the highest occurrence of the species studied, and conservation strategies for ensuring the persistence of threatened mammals should be focused on this area. C1 [Martinez-Marti, Chele; Jimenez-Franco, Maria V.; Palazon, Jose A.; Calvo, Jose F.] Univ Murcia, Fac Biol, Dept Ecol & Hidrol, Campus Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Calvo, JF (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Fac Biol, Dept Ecol & Hidrol, Campus Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. EM jfcalvo@um.es RI Calvo, Jose/C-7076-2009 OI Calvo, Jose/0000-0002-3813-4333 FU Panthera; Conservation International; FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [AP2009-2073] FX The Ministry of Agriculture and Forest of Equatorial Guinea provided a research permit to develop our work across Rio Muni. The Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Forestal y Manejo de Areas Protegidas (INDEFOR-AP) provided the maps and the Geographic Information System data referring to the project area. Amigos de la Naturaleza y del Desarrollo de Guinea Ecuatorial (ANDEGE), a national non-government organization from Equatorial Guinea, provided technical support for the implementation of the fieldwork and managed funds provided by Panthera (www.panthera.org) and Conservation International (www.conservation.org) for the completion of this study. We also thank A. Mang for his assistance in the field work and the local hunters who collaborated with the interviews. We also thank R. B. Chandler for helping with data analysis and D. Miller for valuable comments on false positive estimates. The comments of two anonymous reviewers helped to considerably improve the manuscript. M. V. Jimenez-Franco was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (reference AP2009-2073). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 26 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 33838 DI 10.1038/srep33838 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DX6FC UT WOS:000384477800002 PM 27666671 ER PT J AU Deslauriers, D Heironimus, LB Chipps, SR AF Deslauriers, David Heironimus, Laura B. Chipps, Steven R. TI Test of a foraging-bioenergetics model to evaluate growth dynamics of endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Pallid sturgeon; Foraging ecology; Bioenergetics; Model evaluation; Error analysis; Activity ID MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MISSOURI RIVER; ENERGY DENSITY; SAFE-HARBOR; BODY-SIZE; LARVAL; FISH AB Factors affecting feeding and growth of early life stages of the federally endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) are not fully understood, owing to their scarcity in the wild. In this study was we evaluated the performance of a combined foraging-bioenergetics model as a tool for assessing growth of age-0 pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River. In the laboratory, three size classes of sturgeon larvae (18-44 mm; 0.027-0.329 g) were grown for 7 to 14 days under differing temperature (14-24 degrees C) and prey density (0-9 Chironomidae larvae/d) regimes. After accounting for effects of water temperature and prey density on fish activity, we compared observed final weight, final length, and number of prey consumed to values generated from the foraging-bioenergetics model. When confronted with an independent dataset, the combined model provided reliable estimates (within 13% of observations) of fish growth and prey consumption, underscoring the usefulness of the modeling approach for evaluating growth dynamics of larval fish when empirical data are lacking. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Deslauriers, David] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, SNP Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Heironimus, Laura B.] US Fish Wildlife Serv, Lodi Fish & Wildlife Off, 850 South Guild Ave,Suite 150, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] South Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, SNP Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Deslauriers, David] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Room W375 Duff Roblin Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Deslauriers, D (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, SNP Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Deslauriers, D (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Room W375 Duff Roblin Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM david.deslauriers@umanitoba.ca FU Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; US Army Corps of Engineers [MIPR W59XQG11641574]; U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University FX This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of our friend and colleague, Dr. Robert Klumb. We would like to thank Lauren Kregel, Wesley Bowman, Thomas Larson, Beth Jenkins, Larissa Bruce, and Alex Rosburg for technical assistance. We also thank Erinn Ipsen at Prairie AquaTech for providing micro-bomb calorimetry support. Finally, we would like to thank B.D.S. Graeb, T. Rapp and R. Klumb for helpful discussion and comments. All animals used in this study were reared according to animal use and care guidelines established by South Dakota State University (Animal Welfare Assurance no. A3958-01). The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding for this project was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers (MIPR W59XQG11641574). NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 24 PY 2016 VL 336 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmode1.2016.05.017 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7KW UT WOS:000380079500001 ER PT J AU He, YJ Trumbore, SE Torn, MS Harden, JW Vaughn, LJS Allison, SD Randerson, JT AF He, Yujie Trumbore, Susan E. Torn, Margaret S. Harden, Jennifer W. Vaughn, Lydia J. S. Allison, Steven D. Randerson, James T. TI Radiocarbon constraints imply reduced carbon uptake by soils during the 21st century SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CYCLE FEEDBACKS; TURNOVER TIMES; C DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; STORAGE; UNCERTAINTY; FOREST AB Soil is the largest terrestrial carbon reservoir and may influence the sign and magnitude of carbon cycle-climate feedbacks. Many Earth system models (ESMs) estimate a significant soil carbon sink by 2100, yet the underlying carbon dynamics determining this response have not been systematically tested against observations. We used C-14 data from 157 globally distributed soil profiles sampled to 1-meter depth to show that ESMs underestimated the mean age of soil carbon by a factor of more than six (430 +/- 50 years versus 3100 +/- 1800 years). Consequently, ESMs overestimated the carbon sequestration potential of soils by a factor of nearly two (40 +/- 27%). These inconsistencies suggest that ESMs must better represent carbon stabilization processes and the turnover time of slow and passive reservoirs when simulating future atmospheric carbon dioxide dynamics. C1 [He, Yujie; Allison, Steven D.; Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Trumbore, Susan E.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Proc, Jena, Germany. [Torn, Margaret S.; Vaughn, Lydia J. S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allison, Steven D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP He, YJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. EM yujie.he@uci.edu RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Vaughn, Lydia/I-9108-2016; He, Yujie/E-2514-2017; Allison, Steven/E-2978-2010 OI Vaughn, Lydia/0000-0001-9337-464X; He, Yujie/0000-0001-8261-5399; Allison, Steven/0000-0003-4629-7842 FU Climate and Environmental Sciences Division of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program; Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program [DESC0014374, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank C. Hatte for sharing her compilation of published 14C profiles. We received funding support from the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. This included support from the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program to the Biogeochemical Cycles Feedbacks Science Focus Area and several grants from the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program (DESC0014374 and DE-AC02-05CH11231). J.W.H. serves as chair of the science steering group for International Soil Carbon Network (http://iscn.fluxdata.org); however, the work of this publication reflects efforts on behalf of the U.S. Geological Survey Scientist Emeritus Program, which provided IT and infrastructure support. The model simulations analyzed in this study were obtained from the Earth System Grid Federation CMIP5 online portal hosted by the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/projects/esgf-llnl/). NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 87 U2 87 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 23 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6306 BP 1419 EP 1424 DI 10.1126/science.aad4273 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DW5TB UT WOS:000383708700040 PM 27708036 ER PT J AU McConville, MB Hubert, TD Remucal, CK AF McConville, Megan B. Hubert, Terrance D. Remucal, Christina K. TI Direct Photolysis Rates and Transformation Pathways of the Lampricides TFM and Niclosamide in Simulated Sunlight SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREY; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; AQUEOUS PHOTOLYSIS; BOTTOM SEDIMENTS; GREAT-LAKES; DEGRADATION; PHOTODEGRADATION; 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB The lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) are directly added to many tributaries of the Great Lakes that harbor the invasive parasitic sea lamprey. Despite their long history of use, the fate of lampricides is not well understood. This study evaluates the rate and pathway of direct photodegradation of both lampricides under simulated sunlight. The estimated half-lives of TFM range from 16.6 +/- 0.2 h (pH 9) to 32.9 +/- 1.0 h (pH 6), while the half-lives of niclosamide range from 8.88 +/- 0.52 days (pH 6) to 382 +/- 83 days (pH 9) assuming continuous irradiation over a water depth of 55 cm. Both compounds degrade to form a series of aromatic intermediates, simple organic acids, ring cleavage products, and inorganic ions. Experimental data were used to construct a kinetic model which demonstrates that the aromatic products of TFM undergo rapid photolysis and emphasizes that niclosamide degradation is the rate-limiting step to dehalogenation and mineralization of the lampricide. This study demonstrates that TFM photodegradation is likely to occur on the time scale of lampricide applications (2-5 days), while niclosamide, the less selective lampricide, will undergo minimal direct photodegradation during its passage to the Great Lakes. C1 [McConville, Megan B.; Remucal, Christina K.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hubert, Terrance D.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Remucal, Christina K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Remucal, CK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Remucal, CK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM remucal@wisc.edu RI Remucal, Christina/B-8932-2009 OI Remucal, Christina/0000-0003-4285-7638 FU Wisconsin Sea Grant; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank Laura Linde for her contribution to this work. We thank Jane Rivera (USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center) for her assistance with QA/QC. Funding for this study was provided by the Wisconsin Sea Grant, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (awarded to M.M.B.). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 20 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 18 BP 9998 EP 10006 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b02607 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DX0FT UT WOS:000384037900024 PM 27508405 ER PT J AU Volz, DC Leet, JK Chen, A Stapleton, HM Katiyar, N Kaundal, R Yu, Y Wang, YS AF Volz, David C. Leet, Jessica K. Chen, Albert Stapleton, Heather M. Katiyar, Neerja Kaundal, Rakesh Yu, Yang Wang, Yinsheng TI Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate Induces Genome-Wide Hypomethylation within Early Zebrafish Embryos SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE FLAME RETARDANTS; BISPHENOL-A; DNA METHYLATION; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; PHOSPHATE TDCPP; DANIO-RERIO; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE; THYROID-HORMONES; BPA EXPOSURE AB Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP) is a high-production volume organophosphate-based plasticizer and flame retardant widely used within the United States. Using zebrafish as a model, the objectives of this study were to determine whether (1) TDCIPP inhibits DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) within embryonic nuclear extracts; (2) uptake of TDCIPP from 0.75 h postfertilization (hpf, 2-cell) to 2 hpf (64-cell) or 6 hpf (shield stage) leads to impacts on the early embryonic DNA methylome; and (3) TDCIPP-induced impacts on cytosine methylation are localized to CpG islands within intergenic regions. Within this study, 5-azacytidine (5-azaC, a DNMT inhibitor) was used as a positive control. Although 5-azaC significantly inhibited zebrafish DNMT, TDCIPP did not affect DNMT activity in vitro at concentrations as high as 500 mu M. However, rapid embryonic uptake of 5-azaC and TDCIPP from 0.75 to 2 hpf resulted in chemical- and chromosome-specific alterations in cytosine methylation at 2 hpf. Moreover, TDCIPP exposure predominantly resulted in hypomethylation of positions outside of CpG islands and within intragenic (exon) regions of the zebrafish genome. Overall, these findings provide the foundation for monitoring DNA methylation dynamics within zebrafish as well as identifying potential associations among TDCIPP exposure, adverse health outcomes, and DNA methylation status within human populations. C1 [Volz, David C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Leet, Jessica K.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Chen, Albert; Stapleton, Heather M.] Duke Univ, Div Environm Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Katiyar, Neerja; Kaundal, Rakesh] Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Integrat Genome Biol, Bioinformat Facil, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Yu, Yang; Wang, Yinsheng] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Leet, Jessica K.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Volz, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM david.volz@ucr.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R21ES022797, R21ES025392] FX Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health (R21ES022797 and R21ES025392). We gratefully thank Dr. Robert Tanguay (Oregon State University) for providing founder fish to establish our SD zebrafish colony, Dr. R. Sean Norman (University of South Carolina) for use of the VICTOR X3Multilabel Plate Reader, and John Weger and Clay Clark (Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside) for Illumina sequencing services. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 28 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 20 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 18 BP 10255 EP 10263 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03656 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DX0FT UT WOS:000384037900053 PM 27574916 ER PT J AU Jansen, HT Leise, T Stenhouse, G Pigeon, K Kasworm, W Teisberg, J Radandt, T Dallmann, R Brown, S Robbins, CT AF Jansen, Heiko T. Leise, Tanya Stenhouse, Gordon Pigeon, Karine Kasworm, Wayne Teisberg, Justin Radandt, Thomas Dallmann, Robert Brown, Steven Robbins, Charles T. TI The bear circadian clock doesn't 'sleep' during winter dormancy SO FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED DENNING CONDITIONS; HIBERNATING BLACK BEARS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; METABOLIC-RATE; POLAR BEARS; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DAILY TORPOR; TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION AB Background: Most biological functions are synchronized to the environmental light: dark cycle via a circadian timekeeping system. Bears exhibit shallow torpor combined with metabolic suppression during winter dormancy. We sought to confirm that free-running circadian rhythms of body temperature (Tb) and activity were expressed in torpid grizzly (brown) bears and that they were functionally responsive to environmental light. We also measured activity and ambient light exposures in denning wild bears to determine if rhythms were evident and what the photic conditions of their natural dens were. Lastly, we used cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from captive torpid bears to assess molecular clock operation in peripheral tissues. Circadian parameters were estimated using robust wavelet transforms and maximum entropy spectral analyses. Results: Captive grizzly bears housed in constant darkness during winter dormancy expressed circadian rhythms of activity and Tb. The rhythm period of juvenile bears was significantly shorter than that of adult bears. However, the period of activity rhythms in adult captive bears was virtually identical to that of adult wild denning bears as was the strength of the activity rhythms. Similar to what has been found in other mammals, a single light exposure during the bear's active period delayed subsequent activity onsets whereas these were advanced when light was applied during the bear's inactive period. Lastly, in vitro studies confirmed the expression of molecular circadian rhythms with a period comparable to the bear's own behavioral rhythms. Conclusions: Based on these findings we conclude that the circadian system is functional in torpid bears and their peripheral tissues even when housed in constant darkness, is responsive to phase-shifting effects of light, and therefore, is a normal facet of torpid bear physiology. C1 [Jansen, Heiko T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Integrat Physiol & Neurosci, Coll Vet Med, Mailstop 7620 Vet & Biomed Res Bldg,Room 205, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Leise, Tanya] Amherst Coll, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Stenhouse, Gordon; Pigeon, Karine] Foothills Res Inst, Hinton, AB T7V 1X6, Canada. [Kasworm, Wayne; Teisberg, Justin; Radandt, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Libby, MT 59923 USA. [Dallmann, Robert; Brown, Steven] Univ Zurich, Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dallmann, Robert] Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Dallmann, Robert] Univ Warwick, Warwick Syst Biol Ctr, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Jansen, HT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Integrat Physiol & Neurosci, Coll Vet Med, Mailstop 7620 Vet & Biomed Res Bldg,Room 205, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM heiko@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Dallmann, Robert/0000-0002-7490-0218 FU Foothills Research Institute Program; Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee; Raili Korkka Brown Bear Endowment; Bear Research and Conservation Endowment; Swiss National Science Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was supported by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee, Raili Korkka Brown Bear Endowment, Bear Research and Conservation Endowment (HTJ, CTR), and the funding partners of the Foothills Research Institute Program (GS, KP). SB and RD were supported in part by funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation. WK, TR and JT are supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Montana and Idaho collared wild bear data were provided by the Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk Mountains research and monitoring programs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and their funding partners. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 34 U2 34 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-9994 J9 FRONT ZOOL JI Front. Zool. PD SEP 17 PY 2016 VL 13 AR 42 DI 10.1186/s12983-016-0173-x PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DW3JU UT WOS:000383538700001 PM 27660641 ER PT J AU Rengers, FK Tucker, GE Mahan, SA AF Rengers, F. K. Tucker, G. E. Mahan, S. A. TI Episodic bedrock erosion by gully-head migration, Colorado High Plains, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE OSL; bedrock erosion; gully ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; RETREAT RATES; UNITED-STATES; DROUGHT; HOLOCENE; ARIDITY; LUMINESCENCE; ENVIRONMENT; CALIFORNIA AB This study explores the frequency of bedrock exposure in a soil-mantled low-relief (i.e. non-mountainous) landscape. In the High Plains of eastern Colorado, gully headcuts are among the few erosional features that will incise through the soil mantle to expose bedrock. We measured the last time of bedrock exposure using optically stimulated luminescence dating of alluvial sediment overlying bedrock in gully headcuts. Our dating suggests that headcuts in adjacent gullies expose bedrock asynchronously, and therefore, the headcuts are unlikely to have been triggered by a base-level drop in the trunk stream. This finding supports the hypothesis that headcuts can develop locally in gullies as a result of focused scour in locations where hydraulic stress during a flash flood is sufficiently high, and/or ground cover is sufficiently weak, to generate a scour hole that undermines vegetation. Alluvium dating also reveals that gullies have been a persistent part of this landscape since the early Holocene. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Rengers, F. K.; Tucker, G. E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rengers, F. K.; Tucker, G. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahan, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 974,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rengers, F. K.] US Geol Survey, MS 966,Box 250466, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rengers, FK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,Box 250466, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM frengers@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0952247]; Colorado Scientific Society FX This study was supported in part by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0952247. Special thanks to the Colorado Scientific Society, which provided funds to process some of the OSL samples. We also acknowledge the support of land access by the Plains Conservation Center. We are grateful for help from Harrison Gray in processing OSL samples. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1574 EP 1582 DI 10.1002/esp.3929 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DW4LZ UT WOS:000383615900009 ER PT J AU Gailler, LS Lenat, JF Blakely, RJ AF Gailler, Lydie-Sarah Lenat, Jean-Francois Blakely, Richard J. TI Depth to Curie temperature or bottom of the magnetic sources in the volcanic zone of la Reunion hot spot SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Reunion Island; Magnetic anomaly; Spectral analysis; Curie Point Depth; Bottom of the magnetic sources; Magnetized mantle ID REGIONAL THERMAL STRUCTURE; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; HEAT-FLOW MEASUREMENTS; FIELD POWER SPECTRA; FORE-ARC MANTLE; AEROMAGNETIC DATA; INDIAN-OCEAN; POINT DEPTH; RED-SEA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE AB We present an innovative study to generalize Curie Point Depth (CPD) determinations at the scale of oceanic volcanic islands, an approach which has previously focused largely on continental areas. In order to determine the validity of this technique in oceanic environments, we first tested the approach on sets of sea-floor-spreading anomalies. Assuming that magnetic anomalies are concentrated within the oceanic crust and uppermost mantle, the Curie depth should deepen as oceanic lithosphere increases in age and thickness away from spreading centers. The calculated depths to the magnetic bottom are in agreement with this general pattern. On the basis of this test, we then applied the method to La Reunion Island and surrounding oceanic lithosphere. The calculated extent of magnetic sources lies at depths between 10 and 30 km and exhibits a complex topography, presumably caused by a combination of various magmatic and tectonic lithospheric structures. These calculations indicate that magnetic sources extend well below the crust-mantle interface at this location. To the first order, the bottom of the magnetic surface shallows beneath Reunion and Mauritius Islands due to the thermal effect of the hot spot, and deepens away from La Reunion edifice. On the scale of the Mascarene Basin, several discontinuities in the CPD correlate well with major fracture zones. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gailler, Lydie-Sarah; Lenat, Jean-Francois] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Magmas & Volcans, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Gailler, Lydie-Sarah; Lenat, Jean-Francois] CNRS, LMV, UMR 6524, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Gailler, Lydie-Sarah; Lenat, Jean-Francois] IRD, LMV, R 163, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gailler, LS (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Magmas & Volcans, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.; Gailler, LS (reprint author), CNRS, LMV, UMR 6524, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France.; Gailler, LS (reprint author), IRD, LMV, R 163, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. EM lydiegailler@hotmail.fr FU French Government Laboratory of Excellence initiative [ANR-10-LABX-207]; Region Auvergne; European Regional Development Fund FX This research was financed by the French Government Laboratory of Excellence initiative noANR-10-LABX-207, the Region Auvergne and the European Regional Development Fund. This work has benefited from data acquired by numerous scientific projects. We thank Christine Deplus (FOREVER, 2006), Bruno Savoye and Patrick Bachelery (ERODER 1, 2006 and ERODER 2, 2007); the NOAA and Stephen Maus for the diffusion of the global relief model of Earth's surface, and Earth's magnetic database respectively. We are also grateful to Claire Bouligand for her contribution and discussions about this study. We greatly thank the editors and the reviewers, Maurizio Fedi and an anonymous reviewer, for their insightful comments. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 324 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.06.005 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB2NA UT WOS:000387197900014 ER PT J AU Sexstone, GA Clow, DW Stannard, DI Fassnacht, SR AF Sexstone, Graham A. Clow, David W. Stannard, David I. Fassnacht, Steven R. TI Comparison of methods for quantifying surface sublimation over seasonally snow-covered terrain SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snow; sublimation; eddy covariance; energy balance closure; aerodynamic methods; Bowen ratio; forested openings ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; PARAMETERIZING TURBULENT EXCHANGE; ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; EDDY-COVARIANCE; LATENT-HEAT; MOUNTAIN CATCHMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-BALANCE; SENSIBLE HEAT AB Snow sublimation can be an important component of the snow-cover mass balance, and there is considerable interest in quantifying the role of this process within the water and energy balance of snow-covered regions. In recent years, robust eddy covariance (EC) instrumentation has been used to quantify snow sublimation over snow-covered surfaces in complex mountainous terrain. However, EC can be challenging for monitoring turbulent fluxes in snow-covered environments because of intensive data, power, and fetch requirements, and alternative methods of estimating snow sublimation are often relied upon. To evaluate the relative merits of methods for quantifying surface sublimation, fluxes calculated by the EC, Bowen ratio-energy balance (BR), bulk aerodynamic flux (BF), and aerodynamic profile (AP) methods and their associated uncertainty were compared at two forested openings in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Biases between methods are evaluated over a range of environmental conditions, and limitations of each method are discussed. Mean surface sublimation rates from both sites ranged from 0.33 to 0.36mmday(-1), 0.14 to 0.37mmday(-1), 0.10 to 0.17mmday(-1), and 0.03 to 0.10mmday(-1) for the EC, BR, BF and AP methods, respectively. The EC and/or BF methods are concluded to be superior for estimating surface sublimation in snow-covered forested openings. The surface sublimation rates quantified in this study are generally smaller in magnitude compared with previously published studies in this region and help to refine sublimation estimates for forested openings in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sexstone, Graham A.; Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sexstone, Graham A.] Colorado State Univ, EASC Watershed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stannard, David I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fassnacht, Steven R.] Colorado State Univ, ESS Watershed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fassnacht, Steven R.] Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sexstone, GA (reprint author), USGS Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sexstone@usgs.gov OI Sexstone, Graham/0000-0001-8913-0546; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU USGS National Water Census program; Colorado Water Conservation Board FX This study was supported by the USGS National Water Census program, and in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board. We would like to acknowledge the work of Dr. Edgar Andreas. Dr. Andreas contributed helpful discussions on turbulent fluxes over snow-covered surfaces and provided the bulk flux algorithm that was used in this study. Field assistance from Colin Penn and Garrett Port of the USGS was greatly appreciated. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that improved this manuscript and Richard Slattery (USGS), who provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 19 BP 3373 EP 3389 DI 10.1002/hyp.10864 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DW3US UT WOS:000383569200003 ER PT J AU Bakker, DCE Pfeil, B Landa, CS Metzl, N O'Brien, KM Olsen, A Smith, K Cosca, C Harasawa, S Jones, SD Nakaoka, S Nojiri, Y Schuster, U Steinhoff, T Sweeney, C Takahashi, T Tilbrook, B Wada, C Wanninkhof, R Alin, SR Balestrini, CF Barbero, L Bates, NR Bianchi, AA Bonou, F Boutin, J Bozec, Y Burger, EF Cai, WJ Castle, RD Chen, LQ Chierici, M Currie, K Evans, W Featherstone, C Feely, RA Fransson, A Goyet, C Greenwood, N Gregor, L Hankin, S Hardman-Mountford, NJ Harlay, J Hauck, J Hoppema, M Humphreys, MP Hunt, C Huss, B Ibanhez, JSP Johannessen, T Keeling, R Kitidis, V Kortzinger, A Kozyr, A Krasakopoulou, E Kuwata, A Landschutzer, P Lauvset, SK Lefevre, N Lo Monaco, C Manke, A Mathis, JT Merlivat, L Millero, FJ Monteiro, PMS Munro, DR Murata, A Newberger, T Omar, AM Ono, T Paterson, K Pearce, D Pierrot, D Robbins, LL Saito, S Salisbury, J Schlitzer, R Schneider, B Schweitzer, R Sieger, R Skjelvan, I Sullivan, KF Sutherland, SC Sutton, AJ Tadokoro, K Telszewski, M Tuma, M van Heuven, SMAC Vandemark, D Ward, B Watson, AJ Xu, SQ AF Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Pfeil, Benjamin Landa, Camilla S. Metzl, Nicolas O'Brien, Kevin M. Olsen, Are Smith, Karl Cosca, Cathy Harasawa, Sumiko Jones, Stephen D. Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro Nojiri, Yukihiro Schuster, Ute Steinhoff, Tobias Sweeney, Colm Takahashi, Taro Tilbrook, Bronte Wada, Chisato Wanninkhof, Rik Alin, Simone R. Balestrini, Carlos F. Barbero, Leticia Bates, Nicholas R. Bianchi, Alejandro A. Bonou, Frederic Boutin, Jacqueline Bozec, Yann Burger, Eugene F. Cai, Wei-Jun Castle, Robert D. Chen, Liqi Chierici, Melissa Currie, Kim Evans, Wiley Featherstone, Charles Feely, Richard A. Fransson, Agneta Goyet, Catherine Greenwood, Naomi Gregor, Luke Hankin, Steven Hardman-Mountford, Nick J. Harlay, Jerome Hauck, Judith Hoppema, Mario Humphreys, Matthew P. Hunt, ChristopherW. Huss, Betty Ibanhez, J. Severino P. Johannessen, Truls Keeling, Ralph Kitidis, Vassilis Koertzinger, Arne Kozyr, Alex Krasakopoulou, Evangelia Kuwata, Akira Landschuetzer, Peter Lauvset, Siv K. Lefevre, Nathalie Lo Monaco, Claire Manke, Ansley Mathis, Jeremy T. Merlivat, Liliane Millero, Frank J. Monteiro, Pedro M. S. Munro, David R. Murata, Akihiko Newberger, Timothy Omar, Abdirahman M. Ono, Tsuneo Paterson, Kristina Pearce, David Pierrot, Denis Robbins, Lisa L. Saito, Shu Salisbury, Joe Schlitzer, Reiner Schneider, Bernd Schweitzer, Roland Sieger, Rainer Skjelvan, Ingunn Sullivan, Kevin F. Sutherland, Stewart C. Sutton, Adrienne J. Tadokoro, Kazuaki Telszewski, Maciej Tuma, Matthias van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. . Vandemark, Doug Ward, Brian Watson, Andrew J. Xu, Suqing TI A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO(2) data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER SCHEME; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CARBON SINK; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NEURAL-NETWORK; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FLUX VARIABILITY AB The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO(2) values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO(2) values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO(2) values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO(2) has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID. C1 [Bakker, Dorothee C. E.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Pfeil, Benjamin; Landa, Camilla S.; Olsen, Are; Jones, Stephen D.; Johannessen, Truls; Lauvset, Siv K.; Omar, Abdirahman M.; Skjelvan, Ingunn] Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Pfeil, Benjamin; Landa, Camilla S.; Olsen, Are; Jones, Stephen D.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Metzl, Nicolas; Boutin, Jacqueline; Lefevre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Merlivat, Liliane] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN IPSL Lab, F-75005 Paris, France. [O'Brien, Kevin M.; Smith, Karl; Alin, Simone R.; Burger, Eugene F.; Feely, Richard A.; Manke, Ansley; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Sutton, Adrienne J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [O'Brien, Kevin M.; Smith, Karl; Hankin, Steven; Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Harasawa, Sumiko; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Wada, Chisato] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Schuster, Ute; Watson, Andrew J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England. [Steinhoff, Tobias; Koertzinger, Arne] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Sweeney, Colm; Newberger, Timothy] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sweeney, Colm; Newberger, Timothy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, Stewart C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Tilbrook, Bronte; Paterson, Kristina] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Tilbrook, Bronte] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Wanninkhof, Rik; Barbero, Leticia; Castle, Robert D.; Featherstone, Charles; Huss, Betty; Pierrot, Denis; Sullivan, Kevin F.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Balestrini, Carlos F.; Bianchi, Alejandro A.] Serv Hidrog Naval, Dept Oceanog, C1270ABV, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Barbero, Leticia; Pierrot, Denis; Sullivan, Kevin F.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bates, Nicholas R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, GE01, Ferry Reach, St Georges, Bermuda. [Bates, Nicholas R.; Humphreys, Matthew P.] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Bonou, Frederic; Ibanhez, J. Severino P.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Ctr Estudos & Ensaios Risco & Modelagem Ambienta, BR-50740550 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Bozec, Yann] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Adaptat & Divers Milieu Marin UMR7144, Stn Biol Roscoff,CNRS, F-29680 Roscoff, France. [Cai, Wei-Jun] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Chen, Liqi; Xu, Suqing] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 3, Key Lab Global Change & Marine Atmospher Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Chen, Liqi] Chinese Arct & Antarct Adm, Beijing 100860, Peoples R China. [Chierici, Melissa] Inst Marine Res, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. [Chierici, Melissa] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Currie, Kim] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Evans, Wiley] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Evans, Wiley] Hakai Inst, Calver Isl, BC V0P 1H0, Canada. [Fransson, Agneta] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Goyet, Catherine] Univ Perpignan, IMAGES ESPACE DEV, F-66860 Perpignan, France. [Goyet, Catherine] Maison Teledetect, UMR ESPACE DEV, F-34000 Montpellier, France. [Greenwood, Naomi; Pearce, David] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Gregor, Luke; Monteiro, Pedro M. S.] CSIR CHPC, Ocean Syst & Climate, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. [Hardman-Mountford, Nick J.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. [Harlay, Jerome] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hauck, Judith; Hoppema, Mario; Sieger, Rainer] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Hunt, ChristopherW.; Salisbury, Joe; Vandemark, Doug] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ibanhez, J. Severino P.] IRD, BR-71640230 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Johannessen, Truls; Skjelvan, Ingunn] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Keeling, Ralph] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Kitidis, Vassilis] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Kozyr, Alex] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Krasakopoulou, Evangelia] Univ Aegean, Dept Marine Sci, Mitilini 81100, Lesvos, Greece. [Kuwata, Akira; Tadokoro, Kazuaki] Japan Fisheries Res & Educ Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Landschuetzer, Peter] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Millero, Frank J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Munro, David R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Munro, David R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murata, Akihiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Ono, Tsuneo] Japan Fisheries Res & Educ Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Robbins, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Saito, Shu] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Schneider, Bernd] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Rostock, Warnemunde, Germany. [Schweitzer, Roland] Weathertop Consulting LLC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Telszewski, Maciej] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Int Ocean Carbon Coordinat Project, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. [Tuma, Matthias] World Meteorol Org, WCRP Joint Planning Staff, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. [van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. .] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1797 SZ T Horntje, Texel, Netherlands. [Ward, Brian] Natl Univ Ireland, AirSea Lab, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Ward, Brian] Natl Univ Ireland, AirSea Lab, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. RP Bakker, DCE (reprint author), Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM d.bakker@uea.ac.uk RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; Humphreys, Matthew/A-8939-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Barbero, Leticia/B-5237-2011; Pierrot, Denis/A-7459-2014; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; Humphreys, Matthew/0000-0002-9371-7128; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Barbero, Leticia/0000-0002-8858-5247; Pierrot, Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Jones, Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851 FU US National Science Foundation [OCE-124 3377]; University of East Anglia (UK); Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (Norway); Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway); University of Washington (US); Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US); PANGAEA(R) Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science (Germany); Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany); Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (Australia); National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan); Uni Research (Norway); European Union [FP7 264879, FP7 283080, 633211]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/H017046/1]; Departments for Energy and Climate Change and for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra); NERC [NE/K00168X/1]; Defra; SOCAT; Australian International Marine Observing System; U.S. Geological Survey; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (US); European Space Agency; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, ICOS-D) [01LK1224J, 01LK1101C, 01LK1101E]; Japanese Ministry of the Environment; Royal Society of New Zealand via the New Zealand-Germany Science and Technology Programme; Norwegian Research Council (SNACS) [229752]; Swedish Research Council [2004-4034]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas) [2004-797] FX Research vessel Tiglax in Columbia Bay, Alaska, is shown on the website for SOCAT version 3. The Columbia Glacier can be seen at the head of the bay, as well as calved ice from the glacier. The photo was taken by Wiley Evans. Pete Brown (National Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK) designed the SOCAT logo. IOCCP (via a US National Science Foundation grant (OCE-124 3377) to the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research), IOC-UNESCO (International Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), SOLAS and IMBER provided travel and meeting support. Funding was received from the University of East Anglia (UK), the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (Norway), the Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway) and the University of Washington (US). The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) made important financial contributions via the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office, the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) and the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Funding was also received from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US), PANGAEA (R) Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science (Germany), the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (Australia), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan) and Uni Research (Norway). Research projects making SOCAT possible included the European Union projects CarboChange (FP7 264879), GEOCARBON (FP7 283080) and AtlantOS (633211), the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE/H017046/1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Departments for Energy and Climate Change and for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)) and the UK Shelf Sea Biogeochemistry Blue Carbon project (NE/K00168X/1; funded by NERC and Defra). Numerous government and funding agencies financially supported SOCAT, notably the Australian International Marine Observing System, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (US), the European Space Agency, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF projects 01LK1224J, 01LK1101C, 01LK1101E, ICOS-D), the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, the Royal Society of New Zealand via the New Zealand-Germany Science and Technology Programme, the Norwegian Research Council (SNACS, 229752), the Swedish Research Council (project 2004-4034) and the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas, project 2004-797). This is PMEL contribution number 4441. Finally, we thank the two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful, constructive and insightful reviews. NR 133 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 383 EP 413 DI 10.5194/essd-8-383-2016 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DX3DM UT WOS:000384253400001 ER PT J AU Edwards, BL Keim, RF Johnson, EL Hupp, CR Marre, S King, SL AF Edwards, Brandon L. Keim, Richard F. Johnson, Erin L. Hupp, Cliff R. Marre, Saraline King, Sammy L. TI Geomorphic adjustment to hydrologic modifications along a meandering river: Implications for surface flooding on a floodplain SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Floodplain geomorphology; Channel incision; Flood modeling; Anthropogenic modification ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; ALLUVIAL VALLEY; CHANNEL EVOLUTION; BASELEVEL CHANGE; TREE GROWTH; SEA-LEVEL; USA; DOWNSTREAM; CONNECTIVITY AB Responses of large regulated rivers to contemporary changes in base level are not well understood. We used field measurements and historical analysis of air photos and topographic maps to identify geomorphic trends of the lower White River, Arkansas, USA, in the 70 years following base-level lowering at its confluence with the Mississippi River and concurrent with flood control by dams. Incision was identified below a knickpoint area upstream of St. Charles, AR, and increases over the lowermost similar to 90 km of the study site to similar to 2 m near the confluence with the Mississippi River. Mean bankfull width increased by 30 m (21%) from 1930 to 2010. Bank widening appears to be the result of flow regulation above the incision knickpoint and concomitant with incision below the knickpoint. Hydraulic modeling indicated that geomorphic adjustments likely reduced flooding by 58% during frequent floods in the incised, lowermost floodplain affected by backwater flooding from the Mississippi River and by 22% above the knickpoint area. Dominance of backwater flooding in the incised reach indicates that incision is more important than flood control on the lower White River in altering flooding and also suggests that the Mississippi River may be the dominant control in shaping the lower floodplain. Overall, results highlight the complex geomorphic adjustment in large river-floodplain systems in response to anthropogenic modifications and their implications, including reduced river-floodplain connectivity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Edwards, Brandon L.; Keim, Richard F.; Johnson, Erin L.; Marre, Saraline] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ctr Agr, 124 Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Edwards, BL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bedwar4@lsu.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Memphis District; USDA NIFA [LAB94181] FX this work was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Memphis District and USDA NIFA LAB94181. We thank Arkansas Natural Heritage for supporting investigation of the White River system, the Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge staff, especially Jay Hitchcock, for support of this project, and Scott Allen, Whitney Kroschel, Mary Grace Lemon, and Michael Baker for field assistance. We also thank the editor and manuscript reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the manuscript Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 269 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.06.037 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DT6JW UT WOS:000381591500013 ER PT J AU Konter, JG Pietruszka, AJ Hanan, BB Finlayson, VA Craddock, PR Jackson, MG Dauphas, N AF Konter, Jasper G. Pietruszka, Aaron J. Hanan, Barry B. Finlayson, Valerie A. Craddock, Paul R. Jackson, Matthew G. Dauphas, Nicolas TI Unusual delta Fe-56 values in Samoan rejuvenated lavas generated in the mantle SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Samoa; rejuvenated lavas; high delta Fe-56; isotope fractionation; mantle source ID IRON ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MAGMATIC DIFFERENTIATION; OCEANIC BASALTS; OXYGEN FUGACITY; EARTHS MANTLE; SORET DIFFUSION; 3 GPA; HETEROGENEITY; METASOMATISM; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Several magmatic processes contribute to the Fe isotope composition of igneous rocks. Most basalts fall within a limited range of delta Fe-56 (+0.10 +/- 0.05 parts per thousand), although more differentiated lavas trend towards slightly elevated values (up to +0.3 parts per thousand). New data for basalts and olivine crystals from the Samoan Islands show higher delta Fe-56 values than have previously been reported for basalts worldwide. Common magmatic processes - from partial melting of average mantle to subsequent differentiation of melts - cannot sufficiently fractionate the Fe isotopes to explain the elevated delta Fe-56 values (similar to+0.3 parts per thousand) in rejuvenated Samoan lavas. Instead, a mantle source with an elevated delta Fe-56 value - in conjunction with effects due to common magmatic processes - is required. The Samoan mantle source is known to be unique in its radiogenic isotope composition and indications that melting of the Samoan mantle source can generate elevated delta Fe-56 values in lavas comes from: (1) High fO(2) values of Samoan lavas and their likely sources affecting Fe isotope fractionation during melting; (2) Metasomatism that caused elevated delta Fe-56 in the Samoan mantle, as observed in xenoliths; and (3) Involvement of a pyroxenite source lithology, based on the Zn/Fe ratios and TiO2 (and other high field-strength element) abundances of the lavas, that can generate melts with elevated delta Fe-56 values. Two models are presented to explain the elevated delta Fe-56 values in Samoan lavas: a metasomatized source (similar to +0.07 parts per thousand) or the presence of a pyroxenite source component (similar to +0.12 parts per thousand). Both models subsequently elevate delta Fe-56 values with both partial melting (similar to +0.14 parts per thousand) and fractional crystallization (similar to +0.1 parts per thousand). These processes may be related to an upwelling mantle plume with a pyroxenite component, or melting of, previously metasomatized upper mantle. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Konter, Jasper G.; Finlayson, Valerie A.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Konter, Jasper G.; Pietruszka, Aaron J.; Hanan, Barry B.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Pietruszka, Aaron J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Craddock, Paul R.; Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Origins Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Craddock, Paul R.; Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Craddock, Paul R.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Reservoir Geosci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jackson, Matthew G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Konter, JG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jkonter@hawaii.edu NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 450 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.06.029 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT5PR UT WOS:000381535600021 ER PT J AU Villarreal, ML Norman, LM Buckley, S Wallace, CSA Coe, MA AF Villarreal, Miguel L. Norman, Laura M. Buckley, Steven Wallace, Cynthia S. A. Coe, Michelle A. TI Multi-index time series monitoring of drought and fire effects on desert grasslands SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Time series analysis; Fractional cover; Landsat; SATVI; NDVI; Grasslands; Fire management; Drought ID INTRODUCED LEHMANN LOVEGRASS; RITA-EXPERIMENTAL-RANGE; VEGETATION INDEX; LANDSAT DATA; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; ARIZONA GRASSLAND; PRESCRIBED FIRE; PLUS DATA; COVER; MANAGEMENT AB The Western United States is expected to undergo both extended periods of drought and longer wildfire seasons under forecasted global climate change and it is important to understand how these disturbances will interact and affect recovery and composition of plant communities in the future. In this research paper we describe the temporal response of grassland communities to drought and fire in southern Arizona, where land managers are using repeated, prescribed fire as a habitat restoration tool. Using a 25-year atlas of fire locations, we paired sites with multiple fires to unburned control areas and compare satellite and field-based estimates of vegetation cover over time. Two hundred and fifty Landsat TM images, dating from 1985-2011, were used to derive estimates of Total Vegetation Fractional Cover (TVFC) of live and senescent grass using the Soil-Adjusted Total Vegetation Index (SATVI) and post-fire vegetation greenness using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We also implemented a Greenness to Cover Index that is the difference of time-standardized SATVITvFc and NDVI values at a given time and location to identify post-fire shifts in native, non-native, and annual plant cover. The results highlight anomalous greening and browning during drought periods related to amounts of annual and non-native plant cover present. Results suggest that aggressive application of prescribed fire may encourage spread of non-native perennial grasses and annual plants, particularly during droughts. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Villarreal, Miguel L.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Norman, Laura M.; Wallace, Cynthia S. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 102G, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Buckley, Steven] Natl Pk Serv, Southwest Exot Plant Management Team, 12661 E Broadway Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85748 USA. [Coe, Michelle A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Box 210076, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Villarreal, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mvillarreal@usgs.gov; lnorman@usgs.gov; steve_buckley@nps.gov; cswallace@usgs.gov; macoe@email.arizona.edu OI Villarreal, Miguel/0000-0003-0720-1422; Buckley, Steve/0000-0002-3922-0436 FU USGS; University of Arizona/NASA Space Grant Undergraduate Research Internship FX This research was funded through a Mendenhall Fellowship provided by the Land Remote Sensing and Land Change Science Programs of the USGS. Michelle Coe was supported by a University of Arizona/NASA Space Grant Undergraduate Research Internship. The authors would like to thank Steven Sesnie (US Fish and Wildlife Service) for an early review of the manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. We also appreciate the contributions provided by Dan Cohan, Juliette Gutierrez, Lacrecia Johnson, Alycia Parnell, and Emily Yurcich (US Fish and Wildlife Service), Philip Heilman and Chandra Holifield Collins (USDA Agricultural Research Service), Stephen Hagen (Applied Geosolutions), Kristen Bonebrake and Sarah Studd (National Park Service Sonoran Desert Network), and Jonathan Smith, Susan Benjamin, Mara Tongue, and Matthew Jamieson (US Geological Survey). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by US government. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 31 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.05.026 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DU6SR UT WOS:000382345400015 ER PT J AU Reidy, JL Thompson, FR Schwope, C Rowin, S Mueller, JM AF Reidy, Jennifer L. Thompson, Frank R., III Schwope, Carl Rowin, Scott Mueller, James M. TI Effects of prescribed fire on fuels, vegetation, and Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) demographics in Texas juniper-oak woodlands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ashe juniper; BACI design; Demography; Density; Fire severity; Oaks; Return rates ID QUERCUS-BUCKLEYI; NEST SURVIVAL; CROWN FIRE; PRODUCTIVITY; DENSITY; CLIMATE; MODELS; URBAN; EDGE AB The Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) is an endangered songbird that breeds in mature juniper-oak woodlands restricted to Central Texas. This habitat is increasingly susceptible to crown fire due to climate change, land use change, and fire suppression. Prescribed fire is a potential tool to reduce the risk of crown fire and may be a management tool to enhance juniper-oak woodlands for breeding warblers. However, no experimental study has been undertaken to investigate how well prescribed fire can meet these goals. We conducted a before-after control-impact study on three plot-pairs within Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, from 2012 to 2014 to evaluate the response of fuel loads, vegetation structure, and warblers to prescribed fire. We measured fuel loads and vegetation structure in summer 2012 (pre-treatment) and 2014 (post-treatment). We burned one randomly-chosen plot within each plot-pair during February 2013 and measured fire severity in May 2013. We monitored populations of warblers to determine plot abundance and breeding success each season. Impact of the prescribed fires was highly variable across treatment plots with similar to 9% of points showing no effects of fire on junipers and similar to 9% showing high mortality in the juniper canopy. All 12 fuel and vegetation measures responded to fire in the direction expected; however, only juniper seedling density, juniper sapling density, hardwood sapling density, canopy cover, litter cover, and litter depth were significant (i.e., year x treatment effect P < 0.05). Warbler density decreased 23% and 40% in the two post-treatment years in response to fire but other demographics did not have significant year x treatment effects. Across all plots and years, 67-93% of males were aged after-second year ("ASY"), pairing success was high (94-100%), average breeding success was 50-63%, and mean daily nest survival was 0.957 (SE = 0.010). Return rates averaged 45% and 35% for control and treatment plots. Discrete choice analysis based on locations of males in treated plots revealed the highest probability of use was in closed-canopy woodlands that experienced low to moderate fire severity effects from the fire (canopy intact but some intermediate level of subcanopy mortality) and the lowest probability of use was where fire severity was high. A single application of prescribed fire achieved many but not all fuel and vegetation objectives. The resulting reductions in warbler densities appeared due to avoidance of areas with high burn severity, whereas areas of low to moderate burn severity had high warbler use. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reidy, Jennifer L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Schwope, Carl; Rowin, Scott; Mueller, James M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Balcones Canyonlands Natl Wildlife Refuge, 24518 FM 1431, Marble Falls, TX 78654 USA. RP Reidy, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jennifer.reidy@gmail.com FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge; U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research Station; University of Missouri-Columbia FX We are grateful to H. Becker, A. Cronin, C. Hunts, D. Lumpkin, L. Moulton, C. Parrs, J. Scalise, M. Wickens, and M. Wilcox for assistance with data collection and J. Stanovick for assistance with data analysis. We thank W. Reiner for comments on a version of this paper. Funding and additional support was provided by U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge, the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research Station, and the University of Missouri-Columbia. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 376 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.005 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DT1HY UT WOS:000381233500010 ER PT J AU Caputo, J Beier, CM Sullivan, TJ Lawrence, GB AF Caputo, Jesse Beier, Colin M. Sullivan, Timothy J. Lawrence, Gregory B. TI Modeled effects of soil acidification on long-term ecological and economic outcomes for managed forests in the Adirondack region (USA) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Acid rain; Ecosystem services; Northern hardwood forests; Wood products; Climate regulation; Cultural services ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SUGAR MAPLE; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; CROWN VIGOR; NEW-YORK; HARDWOODS; TREE; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEMS AB Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is among the most ecologically and economically important tree species in North America, and its growth and regeneration is often the focus of silvicultural practices in northern hardwood forests. A key stressor for sugar maple (SM) is acid rain, which depletes base cations from poorly-buffered forest soils and has been associated with much lower SM vigor, growth, and recruitment. However, the potential interactions between forest management and soil acidification - and their implications for the sustainability of SM and its economic and cultural benefits - have not been investigated. In this study, we simulated the development of 50 extant SM stands in the western Adirondack region of NY (USA) for 100 years under different soil chemical conditions and silvicultural prescriptions. We found that interactions between management prescription and soil base saturation will strongly shape the ability to maintain SM in managed forests. Below 12% base saturation, SM did not regenerate sufficiently after harvest and was replaced mainly by red maple (Acer rubrum) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia). Loss of SM on acid-impaired sites was predicted regardless of whether the shelterwood or diameter-limit prescriptions were used. On soils with sufficient base saturation, models predicted that SM will regenerate after harvest and be sustained for future rotations. We then estimated how these different post-harvest outcomes, mediated by acid impairment of forest soils, would affect the potential monetary value of ecosystem services provided by SM forests. Model simulations indicated that a management strategy focused on syrup production - although not feasible across the vast areas where acid impairment has occurred may generate the greatest economic return. Although pollution from acid rain is declining, its long-term legacy in forest soils will shape future options for sustainable forestry and ecosystem stewardship in the northern hardwood forests of North America. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Caputo, Jesse; Beier, Colin M.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Sullivan, Timothy J.] E&S Environm Chem Inc, POB 609, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Cente, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Caputo, J (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM jcaputo@esf.edu FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) [33072] FX This research was supported by several grants provided by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA grant #33072). We wish to thank D. Bishop and T. McDonnell for key contributions to datasets used in our study. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 44 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 565 BP 401 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP0UV UT WOS:000378206300039 PM 27179322 ER PT J AU McMurry, ST Belden, JB Smith, LM Morrison, SA Daniel, DW Euliss, BR Euliss, NH Kensinger, BJ Tangen, BA AF McMurry, Scott T. Belden, Jason B. Smith, Loren M. Morrison, Shane A. Daniel, Dale W. Euliss, Betty R. Euliss, Ned H., Jr. Kensinger, Bart J. Tangen, Brian A. TI Land use effects on pesticides in sediments of prairie pothole wetlands in North and South Dakota SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Herbicides; Fungicides; Insecticides; Prairie pothole; Wetlands ID ACUTE TOXICITY; BED SEDIMENTS; HIGH-PLAINS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; FUNGICIDE FORMULATIONS; CONSERVATION PROGRAMS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; GLYPHOSATE; STREAMS AB Prairie potholes are the dominant wetland type in the intensively cultivated northern Great Plains of North America, and thus have the potential to receive pesticide runoff and drift. We examined the presence of pesticides in sediments of 151 wetlands split among the three dominant land use types, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), cropland, and native prairie, in North and South Dakota in 2011. Herbicides (glyphosate and atrazine) and fungicides were detected regularly, with no insecticide detections. Glyphosate was the most detected pesticide, occurring in 61% of all wetlands, with atrazine in only 8% of wetlands. Pyraclostrobin was one of five fungicides detected, but the only one of significance, being detected in 31% of wetlands. Glyphosate was the only pesticide that differed by land use, with concentrations in cropland over four-times that in either native prairie or CRP, which were equal in concentration and frequency of detection. Despite examining several landscape variables, such as wetland proximity to specific crop types, watershed size, and others, land use was the best variable explaining pesticide concentrations in potholes. CRP ameliorated glyphosate in wetlands at concentrations comparable to native prairie and thereby provides another ecosystem service from this expansive program. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McMurry, Scott T.; Belden, Jason B.; Smith, Loren M.; Morrison, Shane A.; Daniel, Dale W.; Kensinger, Bart J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Euliss, Betty R.; Euliss, Ned H., Jr.; Tangen, Brian A.] USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP McMurry, ST (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM scott.mcmurry@okstate.edu FU Natural Resource Conservation Service - CEAP Wetlands [CD-966441-01] FX We thank the Natural Resource Conservation Service - CEAP Wetlands (CD-966441-01) for their financial assistance. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 31 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2016 VL 565 BP 682 EP 689 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.209 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP0UV UT WOS:000378206300069 PM 27219502 ER PT J AU Dunker, KJ Sepulveda, AJ Massengill, RL Olsen, JB Russ, OL Wenburg, JK Antonovich, A AF Dunker, Kristine J. Sepulveda, Adam J. Massengill, Robert L. Olsen, Jeffrey B. Russ, Ora L. Wenburg, John K. Antonovich, Anton TI Potential of Environmental DNA to Evaluate Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Eradication Efforts: An Experimental Test and Case Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; FISH; STREAM; EDNA; SALMONIDS; CONSUMPTION; SEDIMENTS; WATER; RIVER; TIME AB Determining the success of invasive species eradication efforts is challenging because populations at very low abundance are difficult to detect. Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling has recently emerged as a powerful tool for detecting rare aquatic animals; however, detectable fragments of DNA can persist over time despite absence of the targeted taxa and can therefore complicate eDNA sampling after an eradication event. This complication is a large concern for fish eradication efforts in lakes since killed fish can sink to the bottom and slowly decay. DNA released from these carcasses may remain detectable for long periods. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of eDNA sampling to detect invasive Northern pike (Esox lucius) following piscicide eradication efforts in southcentral Alaskan lakes. We used field observations and experiments to test the sensitivity of our Northern pike eDNA assay and to evaluate the persistence of detectable DNA emitted from Northern pike carcasses. We then used eDNA sampling and traditional sampling (i.e., gillnets) to test for presence of Northern pike in four lakes subjected to a piscicide-treatment designed to eradicate this species. We found that our assay could detect an abundant, free-roaming population of Northern pike and could also detect low-densities of Northern pike held in cages. For these caged Northern pike, probability of detection decreased with distance from the cage. We then stocked three lakes with Northern pike carcasses and collected eDNA samples 7, 35 and 70 days post-stocking. We detected DNA at 7 and 35 days, but not at 70 days. Finally, we collected eDNA samples similar to 230 days after four lakes were subjected to piscicide-treatments and detected Northern pike DNA in 3 of 179 samples, with a single detection at each of three lakes, though we did not catch any Northern pike in gillnets. Taken together, we found that eDNA can help to inform eradication efforts if used in conjunction with multiple lines of inquiry and sampling is delayed long enough to allow full degradation of DNA in the water. C1 [Dunker, Kristine J.; Antonovich, Anton] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Sport Fish Div, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Sepulveda, Adam J.] US Geol Survey, Northen Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Massengill, Robert L.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Sport Fish Div, Soldotna, AK USA. [Olsen, Jeffrey B.; Russ, Ora L.; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northen Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund; National Habitat Partnership; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Support was provided by Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund (to KJM, RLM); National Habitat Partnership (Kenai Peninsula Chapter) to (to KJM, RLM); and US Fish and Wildlife Service (to JBO, OLR, JKW). NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 14 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162277 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162277 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DW5JO UT WOS:000383680600028 PM 27626271 ER PT J AU Guala, GF AF Guala, Gerald F. TI The Importance of Species Name Synonyms in Literature Searches SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB The synonyms of biological species names are shown to be an importantcomponent in comprehensive searches of electronic scientific literature databases but they are not well leveraged within the major literature databases examined. For accepted or valid species names in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) which have synonyms in the system, and which are found in citations within PLoS, PMC, PubMed or Scopus, both the percentage of species for which citations will not be found if synonyms are not used, and the percentage increase in number of citations found by including synonyms are very often substantial. However, there is no correlation between the number of synonyms per species and the magnitude of the effect. Further, the number of citations found does not generally increase proportionally to the number of synonyms available. Users looking for literature on specific species across all of the resources investigated here are often missing large numbers of citations if they are not manually augmenting their searches with synonyms. Of course, missing citations can have serious consequences by effectively hiding critical information. Literature searches should include synonym relationships and a new web service in ITIS, with examples of how to apply it to this issue, was developed as a result of this study, and is here announced, to aide in this. C1 [Guala, Gerald F.] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Syst Mission Area, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Guala, GF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Core Sci Syst Mission Area, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM ggaula@usgs.gov OI Guala, Gerald/0000-0002-4972-3782 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Support was provided by U.S. Geological Survey base funding. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 14 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0162648 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162648 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DW5JO UT WOS:000383680600050 PM 27627118 ER PT J AU Otto, CRV Roth, CL Carlson, BL Smart, MD AF Otto, Clint R. V. Roth, Cali L. Carlson, Benjamin L. Smart, Matthew D. TI Land-use change reduces habitat suitability for supporting managed honey bee colonies in the Northern Great Plains SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE apiary selection models; Apis mellifera; land use; land-cover trends; pollinators ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; POLLINATORS; GRASSLANDS; AGRICULTURE; PREFERENCE; CONVERSION; CROPLANDS; SURVIVAL; TRENDS AB Human reliance on insect pollination services continues to increase even as pollinator populations exhibit global declines. Increased commodity crop prices and federal subsidies for biofuel crops, such as corn and soybeans, have contributed to rapid land-use change in the US Northern Great Plains (NGP), changes that may jeopardize habitat for honey bees in a part of the country that supports >40% of the US colony stock. We investigated changes in biofuel crop production and grassland land covers surrounding similar to 18,000 registered commercial apiaries in North and South Dakota from 2006 to 2014. We then developed habitat selection models to identify remotely sensed land-cover and land-use features that influence apiary site selection by Dakota beekeepers. Our study demonstrates a continual increase in biofuel crops, totaling 1.2 Mha, around registered apiary locations in North and South Dakota. Such crops were avoided by commercial beekeepers when selecting apiary sites in this region. Furthermore, our analysis reveals how grasslands that beekeepers target when selecting commercial apiary locations are becoming less common in eastern North and South Dakota, changes that may have lasting impact on pollinator conservation efforts. Our study highlights how land-use change in the NGP is altering the landscape in ways that are seemingly less conducive to beekeeping. Our models can be used to guide future conservation efforts highlighted in the US national pollinator health strategy by identifying areas that support high densities of commercial apiaries and that have exhibited significant land-use changes. C1 [Otto, Clint R. V.; Roth, Cali L.; Carlson, Benjamin L.; Smart, Matthew D.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Otto, CRV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM cotto@usgs.gov FU USDA Farm Service Agency; Natural Resources Conservation Service FX We thank numerous technicians for interpreting aerial photographs and the North Dakota Department of Agriculture and South Dakota Department of Agriculture for providing apiary registration records. Comments from A. Gallant, S. Bansal, and two anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Farm Service Agency and Natural Resources Conservation Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 54 U2 54 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 13 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 37 BP 10430 EP 10435 DI 10.1073/pnas.1603481113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DV7BW UT WOS:000383092000059 PM 27573824 ER PT J AU Fienen, MN Bakker, M AF Fienen, Michael N. Bakker, Mark TI HESS Opinions: Repeatable research: what hydrologists can learn from the Duke cancer research scandal SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE; REPRODUCIBLE RESEARCH AB In the past decade, difficulties encountered in reproducing the results of a cancer study at Duke University resulted in a scandal and an investigation which concluded that tools used for data management, analysis, and modeling were inappropriate for the documentation of the study, let alone the reproduction of the results. New protocols were developed which require that data analysis and modeling be carried out with scripts that can be used to reproduce the results and are a record of all decisions and interpretations made during an analysis or a modeling effort. In the hydrological sciences, we face similar challenges and need to develop similar standards for transparency and repeatability of results. A promising route is to start making use of open-source languages (such as R and Python) to write scripts and to use collaborative coding environments (such as Git) to share our codes for inspection and use by the hydrological community. An important side-benefit to adopting such protocols is consistency and efficiency among collaborators. C1 [Fienen, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Bakker, Mark] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Water Resources Sect, Delft, Netherlands. RP Fienen, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM mnfienen@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD SEP 12 PY 2016 VL 20 IS 9 BP 3739 EP 3743 DI 10.5194/hess-20-3739-2016 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DX2ZX UT WOS:000384243500001 ER PT J AU Lanier, WE Bailey, LL Muths, E AF Lanier, Wendy E. Bailey, Larissa L. Muths, Erin TI Integrating biology, field logistics, and simulations to optimize parameter estimation for imperiled species SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Multi-state open robust design; Parameter estimation; Temporary emigration; Anaxyrus boreas boreas; Survey design ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ROBUST DESIGN; BOREAL TOADS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; UNOBSERVABLE STATES; ESTIMATING SURVIVAL; AMPHIBIAN DECLINE; BUFO-BOREAS; POPULATIONS AB Conservation of imperiled species often requires knowledge of vital rates and population dynamics. However, these can be difficult to estimate for rare species and small populations. This problem is further exacerbated when individuals are not available for detection during some surveys due to limited access, delaying surveys and creating mismatches between the breeding behavior and survey timing. Here we use simulations to explore the impacts of this issue using four hypothetical boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) populations, representing combinations of logistical access (accessible, inaccessible) and breeding behavior (synchronous, asynchronous). We examine the bias and precision of survival and breeding probability estimates generated by survey designs that differ in effort and timing for these populations. Our findings indicate that the logistical access of a site and mismatch between the breeding behavior and survey design can greatly limit the ability to yield accurate and precise estimates of survival and breeding probabilities. Simulations similar to what we have performed can help researchers determine an optimal survey design(s) for their system before initiating sampling efforts. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lanier, Wendy E.; Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Lanier, Wendy E.] Bird Conservancy Rockies, 230 Cherry St,Ste 150, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lanier, WE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Lanier, WE (reprint author), Bird Conservancy Rockies, 230 Cherry St,Ste 150, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM wendy.lanier@birdconservancy.org RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU U.S. Geological Survey Park-Oriented Biological Support grant FX We thank B. Hossack, P.S. Corn, and D.S. Pilliod for the use of their unpublished data and B. Lambert and S. Schneider for their work with the inaccessible population; our work would not have been possible without the data they collected. We also thank M.K. Watry and B. Lambert for their expert opinions regarding site accessibility and feasibility of study designs. K.R. Bestgen, W.C. Funk, and W.L. Kendall provided early reviews of this manuscript. Funding was provided by a U.S. Geological Survey Park-Oriented Biological Support grant. This is contribution number 528 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 10 PY 2016 VL 335 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.006 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ3MF UT WOS:000379105700002 ER PT J AU Cohn, TA AF Cohn, Timothy A. TI The Cure for Catastrophe How We Can Stop Manufacturing Natural Disasters SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Cohn, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cohn, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tacohn@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 9 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6304 BP 1091 EP 1092 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DV0RN UT WOS:000382626800024 ER PT J AU Ip, HS Lorch, JM Blehert, DS AF Ip, Hon S. Lorch, Jeffrey M. Blehert, David S. TI Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in imported amphibians reveals an unanticipated foreign animal disease threat SO EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE host range; pathogen introduction; wildlife trade ID CYNOPS CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; REAL-TIME PCR; NORTH-AMERICA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; POPULATION DECLINES; COMMON CARP; 1ST REPORT; BIODIVERSITY AB Global translocation of plants and animals is a well-recognized mechanism for introduction of pathogens into new regions. To mitigate this risk, various tools such as preshipment health certificates, quarantines, screening for specific disease agents and outright bans have been implemented. However, such measures only target known infectious agents and their hosts and may fail to prevent translocation of even well-recognized pathogens if they are carried by novel host species. In a recent example, we screened an imported shipment of Chinese firebelly newts (Cynops orientalis) for Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, an emergent fungal pathogen of salamanders. All animals tested negative for the fungus. However, a virus was cultured from internal organs from 7 of the 11 individual dead salamanders and from two pools of tissues from four additional dead animals. Sequencing of a portion of the glycoprotein gene from all viral isolates indicated 100% identity and that they were most closely related to spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). Subsequently, SVCV-specific PCR testing indicated the presence of virus in internal organs from each of the four animals previously pooled, and whole-genome sequencing of one of the viral isolates confirmed genomic arrangement characteristic of SVCV. SVCV is a rhabdovirus pathogen of cyprinid fish that is listed as notifiable to the Office International des Epizooties. This discovery reveals a novel route for potential spillover of this economically important pathogen as rhabdovirus has not previously been documented in amphibians. C1 [Ip, Hon S.; Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Ip, HS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM hip@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS) FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS). We thank Janet V Warg and Mary Lea Killian at the US Department of Agriculture's National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) for technical support. We also thank David E Green (USGS) and M Isidoro Ayza (University of Wisconsin, Madison) for their expert pathological service; Renee Long (USGS), Elizabeth Bohuski (USGS) and Kerrie Franzen (NVSL) for laboratory expertise; and Craig Radi (Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory) for skilled electron microscopy. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2222-1751 J9 EMERG MICROBES INFEC JI Emerg. Microbes Infect. PD SEP 7 PY 2016 VL 5 AR e97 DI 10.1038/emi.2016.94 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA DW1LG UT WOS:000383404100005 PM 27599472 ER PT J AU Kortner, TM Penn, MH Bjorkhem, I Masoval, K Krogdahl, A AF Kortner, Trond M. Penn, Michael H. Bjorkhem, Ingemar Masoval, Kjell Krogdahl, Ashild TI Bile components and lecithin supplemented to plant based diets do not diminish diet related intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gut health; Intestinal inflammation; Fish feed; Plant ingredients; Cholesterol; Bile ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR FXR; SOYBEAN-MEAL; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALAR L.; FISH-MEAL; HUMAN PLASMA; DISTAL INTESTINE; SOYA-SAPONIN AB Background: The present study was undertaken to gain knowledge on the role of bile components and lecithin on development of aberrations in digestive functions which seemingly have increased in Atlantic salmon in parallel with the increased use of plant ingredients in fish feed. Post smolt Atlantic salmon were fed for 77 days one of three basal diets: a high fish meal diet (HFM), a low fishmeal diet (LFM), or a diet with high protein soybean meal (HPS). Five additional diets were made from the LFM diet by supplementing with: purified taurocholate (1.8 %), bovine bile salt (1.8 %), taurine (0.4 %), lecithin (1.5 %), or a mix of supplements (suppl mix) containing taurocholate (1.8 %), cholesterol (1.5 %) and lecithin (0.4 %). Two additional diets were made from the HPS diet by supplementing with: bovine bile salt (1.8 %) or the suppl mix. Body and intestinal weights were recorded, and blood, bile, intestinal tissues and digesta were sampled for evaluation of growth, nutrient metabolism and intestinal structure and function. Results: In comparison with fish fed the HFM diet fish fed the LFM and HPS diets grew less and showed reduced plasma bile salt and cholesterol levels. Histological examination of the distal intestine showed signs of enteritis in both LFM and HPS diet groups, though more pronounced in the HPS diet group. The HPS diet reduced digesta dry matter and capacity of leucine amino peptidase in the distal intestine. None of the dietary supplements improved endpoints regarding fish performance, gut function or inflammation in the distal intestine. Some endpoints rather indicated negative effects. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with bile components or lecithin in general did not improve endpoints regarding performance or gut health in Atlantic salmon, in clear contrast to what has been previously reported for rainbow trout. Follow-up studies are needed to clarify if lower levels of bile salts and cholesterol may give different and beneficial effects, or if other supplements, and other combinations of supplements might prevent or ameliorate inflammation in the distal intestine. C1 [Kortner, Trond M.; Penn, Michael H.; Krogdahl, Ashild] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Fac Vet Med & Biosci, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, Oslo, Norway. [Bjorkhem, Ingemar] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Div Clin Chem, Dept Lab Med, Huddinge, Sweden. [Masoval, Kjell] Biomar AS, Nordre Gate 11, N-7011 Trondheim, Norway. [Penn, Michael H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Kortner, TM (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Fac Vet Med & Biosci, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, Oslo, Norway. EM trond.kortner@nmbu.no FU BioMar AS FX The present paper publishes results of contract research mainly funded by BioMar AS. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD SEP 7 PY 2016 VL 12 AR 190 DI 10.1186/s12917-016-0819-0 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DV2KF UT WOS:000382748600001 PM 27604133 ER PT J AU Kurle, CM Bakker, VJ Copeland, H Burnett, J Scherbinski, JJ Brandt, J Finkelstein, ME AF Kurle, Carolyn M. Bakker, Victoria J. Copeland, Holly Burnett, Joe Scherbinski, Jennie Jones Brandt, Joseph Finkelstein, Myra E. TI Terrestrial Scavenging of Marine Mammals: Cross-Ecosystem Contaminant Transfer and Potential Risks to Endangered California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; SEA LIONS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DDE; CARBON; BLOOD; NITROGEN; MERCURY; PCBS AB The critically endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) has relied intermittently on dead-stranded marine mammals since the Pleistocene, and this food source is considered important for their current recovery. However, contemporary marine mammals contain persistent organic pollutants that could threaten condor health. We used stable carbon and nitrogen isotope, contaminant, and behavioral data in coastal versus noncoastal condors to quantify contaminant transfer from marine mammals and created simulation models to predict the risk of reproductive impairment for condors from exposure to DDE (p,p'-DDE), a major metabolite of the chlorinated pesticide DDT. Coastal condors had higher whole blood isotope values and mean concentrations of contaminants associated with marine mammals, including mercury (whole blood), sum chlorinated pesticides (comprised of similar to 95% DDE) (plasma), sum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (plasma), and sum polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (plasma), 12-100-fold greater than those of noncoastal condors. The mean plasma DDE concentration for coastal condors was 500 +/- 670 (standard deviation) (n = 22) versus 24 +/- 24 (standard deviation) (n = 8) ng/g of wet weight for noncoastal condors, and simulations predicted similar to 40% of breeding-age coastal condors have DDE levels associated with eggshell thinning in other avian species. Our analyses demonstrate potentially harmful levels of marine contaminant transfer to California condors, which could hinder the recovery of this terrestrial species. C1 [Kurle, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bakker, Victoria J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Copeland, Holly] Nature Conservancy, 258 Main St, Lander, WY 82520 USA. [Burnett, Joe] Ventana Wildlife Soc, 19045 Portola Dr,Suite F-1, Salinas, CA 93908 USA. [Scherbinski, Jennie Jones] Natl Pk Serv, Pinnacles Natl Pk, 5000 Highway 146, Paicines, CA 95043 USA. [Brandt, Joseph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2493 Portola Rd,Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Finkelstein, Myra E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Finkelstein, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM myraf@ucsc.edu FU Montrose Settlements Restoration Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Support was provided by the Montrose Settlements Restoration Program and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Pinnacles National Park, and Ventana Wildlife Society provided condor samples. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Stranding Network and Yurok Tribe provided marine mammal samples. The NOAA/NMFS Protected Resources Division provided marine mammal stranding data. Thanks to D. Doak, S. Rodriguez-Pastor, D. Smith, C. Tubbs, D. Witting, R. Wolstenholme, and the Montrose Trustee Council for helpful comments, D. Garcelon and the Institute of Wildlife Studies for the use of their bald eagle data, and D. Crane and M. Curry. J. Hass helped with study concept and design. G. Bentall provided the scientific illustrations for Figure 1. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 6 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 17 BP 9114 EP 9123 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b01990 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV3FG UT WOS:000382805800023 PM 27434394 ER PT J AU Strickland, BA Vilella, FJ Belant, JL AF Strickland, Bradley A. Vilella, Francisco J. Belant, Jerrold L. TI Scale-Dependent Habitat Selection and Size-Based Dominance in Adult Male American Alligators SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID IDEAL DESPOTIC DISTRIBUTION; HOME-RANGE; RESOURCE SELECTION; BODY-SIZE; POPULATION; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; MOVEMENTS; RIVER; TERRITORIALITY; CROCODILES AB Habitat selection is an active behavioral process that may vary across spatial and temporal scales. Animals choose an area of primary utilization (i.e., home range) then make decisions focused on resource needs within patches. Dominance may affect the spatial distribution of conspecifics and concomitant habitat selection. Size-dependent social dominance hierarchies have been documented in captive alligators, but evidence is lacking from wild populations. We studied habitat selection for adult male American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis; n = 17) on the Pearl River in central Mississippi, USA, to test whether habitat selection was scale-dependent and individual resource selectivity was a function of conspecific body size. We used K-select analysis to quantify selection at the home range scale and patches within the home range to determine selection congruency and important habitat variables. In addition, we used linear models to determine if body size was related to selection patterns and strengths. Our results indicated habitat selection of adult male alligators was a scale-dependent process. Alligators demonstrated greater overall selection for habitat variables at the patch level and less at the home range level, suggesting resources may not be limited when selecting a home range for animals in our study area. Further, diurnal habitat selection patterns may depend on thermoregulatory needs. There was no relationship between resource selection or home range size and body size, suggesting size-dependent dominance hierarchies may not have influenced alligator resource selection or space use in our sample. Though apparent habitat suitability and low alligator density did not manifest in an observed dominance hierarchy, we hypothesize that a change in either could increase intraspecific interactions, facilitating a dominance hierarchy. Due to the broad and diverse ecological roles of alligators, understanding the factors that influence their social dominance and space use can provide great insight into their functional role in the ecosystem. C1 [Strickland, Bradley A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Vilella, Francisco J.] Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Belant, Jerrold L.] Mississippi State Univ, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Strickland, Bradley A.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Strickland, BA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.; Strickland, BA (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM bstri007@fiu.edu OI Strickland, Bradley/0000-0001-6443-7672 FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks [14-16-0009-1543]; Berryman Institute [10-7400-0471-CA]; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Mississippi State University [12-016] FX Funding by Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks (award number 14-16-0009-1543) and Berryman Institute (award number 10-7400-0471-CA) was instrumental in data collection.; Funding was provided by Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks (award number 14-16-0009-1543) and Berryman Institute (award number 10-7400-0471-CA). We are grateful to R. Flynt, C. Hunt, and S. Edwards of MDWFP for project support and coordination. We thank B. Leopold and R. Iglay for comments to an earlier version of this manuscript and suggestions for analysis. We also appreciate the thoughtful comments of anonymous reviewers to improve the manuscript. A. Smith and S. Godfrey provided valuable assistance in the field. Thanks to C. Kochanny and A. Rosenblatt for radio design and attachment. Animal capture and handling procedures were conducted under the auspices of protocol 12-016 from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Mississippi State University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0161814 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0161814 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DV4EJ UT WOS:000382877800019 PM 27588947 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Rediske, RR Krabbenhoft, DP Stapanian, MA Chernyak, SM O'Keefe, JP AF Madenjian, Charles P. Rediske, Richard R. Krabbenhoft, David P. Stapanian, Martin A. Chernyak, Sergei M. O'Keefe, James P. TI Sex differences in contaminant concentrations of fish: a synthesis SO BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES LA English DT Review DE Androgens; Bioenergetics models; Gonadosomatic index; Gross growth efficiency; Hg-elimination rates; Laboratory mice; Teleost fishes; Testosterone; Vertebrates ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; BURBOT LOTA-LOTA; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONCENTRATIONS; WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; TROPHIC TRANSFER EFFICIENCY; LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; LEMUR MICROCEBUS-MURINUS; MASS-BALANCE MODELS; ESOX-LUCIUS L AB A comparison of whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and total mercury (Hg) concentrations in mature males with those in mature females may provide insights into sex differences in behavior, metabolism, and other physiological processes. In eight species of fish, we observed that males exceeded females in whole-fish PCB concentration by 17 to 43 %. Based on results from hypothesis testing, we concluded that these sex differences were most likely primarily driven by a higher rate of energy expenditure, stemming from higher resting metabolic rate (or standard metabolic rate (SMR)) and higher swimming activity, in males compared with females. A higher rate of energy expenditure led to a higher rate of food consumption, which, in turn, resulted in a higher rate of PCB accumulation. For two fish species, the growth dilution effect also made a substantial contribution to the sex difference in PCB concentrations, although the higher energy expenditure rate for males was still the primary driver. Hg concentration data were available for five of the eight species. For four of these five species, the ratio of PCB concentration in males to PCB concentration in females was substantially greater than the ratio of Hg concentration in males to Hg concentration in females. In sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a very primitive fish, the two ratios were nearly identical. The most plausible explanation for this pattern was that certain androgens, such as testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, enhanced Hg-elimination rate in males. In contrast, long-term elimination of PCBs is negligible for both sexes. According to this explanation, males not only ingest Hg at a higher rate than females but also eliminate Hg at a higher rate than females, in fish species other than sea lamprey. Male sea lamprey do not possess either of the above-specified androgens. These apparent sex differences in SMRs, activities, and Hg-elimination rates in teleost fishes may also apply, to some degree, to higher vertebrates including humans. Our synthesis findings will be useful in (1) developing sex-specific bioenergetics models for fish, (2) developing sex-specific risk assessment models for exposure of humans and wildlife to contaminants, and (3) refining Hg mass balance models for fish and higher vertebrates. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rediske, Richard R.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, 740 West Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Chernyak, Sergei M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, 1420 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [O'Keefe, James P.] Michigan Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bur Labs, 3350 North Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2042-6410 J9 BIOL SEX DIFFER JI Biol. Sex Differ. PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 42 DI 10.1186/s13293-016-0090-x PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity GA DU6WW UT WOS:000382356300001 PM 27594982 ER PT J AU Buczkowski, DL Schmidt, BE Williams, DA Mest, SC Scully, JEC Ermakov, AI Preusker, F Schenk, P Otto, KA Hiesinger, H O'Brien, D Marchi, S Sizemore, H Hughson, K Chilton, H Bland, M Byrne, S Schorghofer, N Platz, T Jaumann, R Roatsch, T Sykes, MV Nathues, A De Sanctis, MC Raymond, CA Russell, CT AF Buczkowski, D. L. Schmidt, B. E. Williams, D. A. Mest, S. C. Scully, J. E. C. Ermakov, A. I. Preusker, F. Schenk, P. Otto, K. A. Hiesinger, H. O'Brien, D. Marchi, S. Sizemore, H. Hughson, K. Chilton, H. Bland, M. Byrne, S. Schorghofer, N. Platz, T. Jaumann, R. Roatsch, T. Sykes, M. V. Nathues, A. De Sanctis, M. C. Raymond, C. A. Russell, C. T. TI The geomorphology of Ceres SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLOOR-FRACTURED CRATERS; POLYGONAL IMPACT CRATERS; SALT TECTONICS; ROCK GLACIERS; CENTRAL PIT; MARS; GANYMEDE; GEOLOGY; ORIGIN; SHAPE AB Analysis of Dawn spacecraft Framing Camera image data allows evaluation of the topography and geomorphology of features on the surface of Ceres. The dwarf planet is dominated by numerous craters, but other features are also common. Linear structures include both those associated with impact craters and those that do not appear to have any correlation to an impact event. Abundant lobate flows are identified, and numerous domical features are found at a range of scales. Features suggestive of near-surface ice, cryomagmatism, and cryovolcanism have been identified. Although spectroscopic analysis has currently detected surface water ice at only one location on Ceres, the identification of these potentially ice-related features suggests that there may be at least some ice in localized regions in the crust. C1 [Buczkowski, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Schmidt, B. E.; Chilton, H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Williams, D. A.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Mest, S. C.; O'Brien, D.; Sizemore, H.; Sykes, M. V.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Scully, J. E. C.; Raymond, C. A.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, La Canada Flintridge, CA 91011 USA. [Ermakov, A. I.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Preusker, F.; Otto, K. A.; Jaumann, R.; Roatsch, T.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Schenk, P.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hiesinger, H.] Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Marchi, S.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Hughson, K.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bland, M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Byrne, S.] Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schorghofer, N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Platz, T.; Nathues, A.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [De Sanctis, M. C.] Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziale INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Buczkowski, DL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM debra.buczkowski@jhuapl.edu RI Platz, Thomas/F-7539-2013; OI Platz, Thomas/0000-0002-1253-2034; Chilton, Heather/0000-0002-3238-5895; Ermakov, Anton/0000-0002-7020-7061 FU NASA FX We thank the Dawn Operations team, the Flight team, and the Instrument teams for all their work. M.B. and N.S. thank NASA's Dawn at Ceres Guest Investigator Program for support. Dawn data are archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. (http://pds-smallbodies.astro.umd.edu/data_sb/missions/dawn/index.shtml) . D.L.B. wrote the manuscript and coordinated coauthor contributions; performed the analysis of linear structures, Occator structures, and FFCs; and participated in the geologic mapping. B.E.S. led the Ground Ice Working group and the analysis of lobate flows. D.A.W., S.C.M., and J.E.C.S. participated in the Survey global geologic map. A.I.E. evaluated the Ceres hypsogram, and F.P. worked on the Ceres topography. P.S., K.A.O., H.H., D.O., S.M., and T.P. all contributed to the evaluation of Ceres craters. P.S. led the study of Occator's central dome and its similarity to central domes on other icy bodies. H.S. mapped the global extent of domes, and K.H. mapped the global extent of lobate flows. H.C., S.B., M.B., H.S., and T.P. participated in the evaluation of potential ice-cored features. R.J., T.R., M.V.S., A.N., M.C.D.S., and C.A.R. provided useful comments and suggestions during manuscript preparation. C.T.R. is the mission principal investigator and guided the research. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 23 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6303 AR aaf4332 DI 10.1126/science.aaf4332 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DU9SU UT WOS:000382558900029 ER PT J AU Hiesinger, H Marchi, S Schmedemann, N Schenk, P Pasckert, JH Neesemann, A O'Brien, DP Kneissl, T Ermakov, AI Fu, RR Bland, MT Nathues, A Platz, T Williams, DA Jaumann, R Castillo-Rogez, JC Ruesch, O Schmidt, B Park, RS Preusker, F Buczkowski, DL Russell, CT Raymond, CA AF Hiesinger, H. Marchi, S. Schmedemann, N. Schenk, P. Pasckert, J. H. Neesemann, A. O'Brien, D. P. Kneissl, T. Ermakov, A. I. Fu, R. R. Bland, M. T. Nathues, A. Platz, T. Williams, D. A. Jaumann, R. Castillo-Rogez, J. C. Ruesch, O. Schmidt, B. Park, R. S. Preusker, F. Buczkowski, D. L. Russell, C. T. Raymond, C. A. TI Cratering on Ceres: Implications for its crust and evolution SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASTEROID BELT; SOLAR-SYSTEM; PRIMORDIAL EXCITATION; COLLISIONAL HISTORY; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; 4 VESTA; IMPACT; MORPHOLOGY; DIFFERENTIATION; RELAXATION AB Thermochemical models have predicted that Ceres, is to some extent, differentiated and should have an icy crust with few or no impact craters. We present observations by the Dawn spacecraft that reveal a heavily cratered surface, a heterogeneous crater distribution, and an apparent absence of large craters. The morphology of some impact craters is consistent with ice in the subsurface, which might have favored relaxation, yet large unrelaxed craters are also present. Numerous craters exhibit polygonal shapes, terraces, flowlike features, slumping, smooth deposits, and bright spots. Crater morphology and simple-to-complex crater transition diameters indicate that the crust of Ceres is neither purely icy nor rocky. By dating a smooth region associated with the Kerwan crater, we determined absolute model ages (AMAs) of 550 million and 720 million years, depending on the applied chronology model. C1 [Hiesinger, H.; Pasckert, J. H.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, Munster, Germany. [Marchi, S.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Schmedemann, N.; Neesemann, A.; Kneissl, T.; Jaumann, R.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, Berlin, Germany. [Schenk, P.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [O'Brien, D. P.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ermakov, A. I.; Fu, R. R.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bland, M. T.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Nathues, A.; Platz, T.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Gottingen, Germany. [Williams, D. A.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Jaumann, R.; Preusker, F.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Berlin, Germany. [Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Park, R. S.; Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ruesch, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schmidt, B.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Buczkowski, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Hiesinger, H (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, Munster, Germany. EM hiesinger@uni-muenster.de RI Platz, Thomas/F-7539-2013; OI Platz, Thomas/0000-0002-1253-2034; Ermakov, Anton/0000-0002-7020-7061 FU NASA; DLR Space Administration on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy [50 OW 1502]; [NNM05AA86C] FX We thank the Dawn team for the development, cruise, orbital insertion, and operations of the Dawn spacecraft at Ceres. C.T.R. is supported by the Discovery Program through contract NNM05AA86C to the University of California, Los Angeles. A portion of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. J.H.P. and H.H. are supported by the DLR Space Administration on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, grant 50 OW 1502 (DAWN). M.T.B. was supported by NASA's Dawn at Ceres Guest Investigator Program. Dawn data are archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. FC data may be obtained at http://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/dwncfc2.html. VIR spectral data may be obtained at http://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/dwncvir.html. GRaND data may be obtained at http://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/dwncgrd.html. The Ceres crater catalog described in the text and measurements of the transition diameter from simple to complex craters are available in the supplementary materials. As chair of the Dawn chronology working group, H.H. coordinated the contributions and prepared the manuscript. S.M. provided input on the distribution of craters and the PFs and CFs. N.S., A.Ne., T.K., and D.P.O. also provided input for the PFs and CFs. P.S. and T.P. made contributions to the simple-to-complex transition. J.H.P. performed CSFD measurements and helped with preparing the manuscript. A.Na. provided the description of color properties. A.I.E., R.R.F., R.S.P., F.P., J.C.C.-R., M.T.B., and C.A.R. contributed their expertise in geophysical modeling. D.A.W., R.J., B.S., D.L.B., and O.R. helped with manuscript preparation and provided useful comments and suggestions. C.T.R. is the Dawn principal investigator and guided the research. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 18 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6303 AR aaf4759 DI 10.1126/science.aaf4759 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DU9SU UT WOS:000382558900028 ER PT J AU Ruesch, O Platz, T Schenk, P McFadden, LA Castillo-Rogez, JC Quick, LC Byrne, S Preusker, F O'Brien, DP Schmedemann, N Williams, DA Li, JY Bland, MT Hiesinger, H Kneissl, T Neesemann, A Schaefer, M Pasckert, JH Schmidt, BE Buczkowski, DL Sykes, MV Nathues, A Roatsch, T Hoffmann, M Raymond, CA Russell, CT AF Ruesch, O. Platz, T. Schenk, P. McFadden, L. A. Castillo-Rogez, J. C. Quick, L. C. Byrne, S. Preusker, F. O'Brien, D. P. Schmedemann, N. Williams, D. A. Li, J. -Y. Bland, M. T. Hiesinger, H. Kneissl, T. Neesemann, A. Schaefer, M. Pasckert, J. H. Schmidt, B. E. Buczkowski, D. L. Sykes, M. V. Nathues, A. Roatsch, T. Hoffmann, M. Raymond, C. A. Russell, C. T. TI Cryovolcanism on Ceres SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ICY SATELLITES; MARS-EXPRESS; DOME GROWTH; VOLCANISM; MODELS; SYSTEM; VISCOSITY; SURFACES; ORIGIN; LAVAS AB Volcanic edifices are abundant on rocky bodies of the inner solar system. In the cold outer solar system, volcanism can occur on solid bodies with a water-ice shell, but derived cryovolcanic constructs have proved elusive. We report the discovery, using Dawn Framing Camera images, of a landform on dwarf planet Ceres that we argue represents a viscous cryovolcanic dome. Parent material of the cryomagma is a mixture of secondary minerals, including salts and water ice. Absolute model ages from impact craters reveal that extrusion of the dome has occurred recently. Ceres' evolution must have been able to sustain recent interior activity and associated surface expressions. We propose salts with low eutectic temperatures and thermal conductivities as key drivers for Ceres' long-term internal evolution. C1 [Ruesch, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Platz, T.; Schaefer, M.; Nathues, A.; Hoffmann, M.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Gottingen, Germany. [Schenk, P.] Lunar & Planetary Sci Inst, Houston, TX USA. [McFadden, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Quick, L. C.; O'Brien, D. P.; Li, J. -Y.; Sykes, M. V.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Byrne, S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Preusker, F.; Roatsch, T.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Berlin, Germany. [Schmedemann, N.; Kneissl, T.; Neesemann, A.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci, Berlin, Germany. [Williams, D. A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Bland, M. T.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hiesinger, H.; Pasckert, J. H.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, Munster, Germany. [Schmidt, B. E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Buczkowski, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Ruesch, O (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM ottaviano.ruesch@nasa.gov RI Platz, Thomas/F-7539-2013 OI Platz, Thomas/0000-0002-1253-2034 FU Max Planck Society; DLR; NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory; NASA; NASA [NNH15AZ85I] FX The Framing Camera system on the spacecraft was developed and built under the leadership of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Gottingen, Germany, in collaboration with the DLR Institute of Planetary Research in Berlin and the Institute of Computer and Communication Network Engineering in Braunschweig. The Framing Camera project is funded by the Max Planck Society, DLR, and NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Dawn spacecraft Operations and Flight teams made the observations possible and are acknowledged for their efforts. O.R. is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center administered by Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. N.S., A.Ne., and J.H.P. acknowledge partial support by DLR. M.T.B. acknowledges support by the NASA Dawn at Ceres Guest Investigator Program Award NNH15AZ85I. We acknowledge the careful and highly beneficial reviews by anonymous referees. Dawn Framing Camera data are archived with the NASA Planetary Data System at http://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/dwncfc2.html. O.R. conceived the study, performed the geologic and modeling analyses, and wrote the manuscript. T.P., L.C.Q., D.P.O., S.B., and M.T.B. contributed to the geologic or modeling analyses. J.-Y.L., M.S., A.Na., T.R., M.H., and T.P. contributed with FC data products, and P.S. and F.P. contributed with digital terrain models. N.S., D.P.O., H.H., T.K., A.Ne., and J.H.P. provided absolute model ages. L.A.M., J.C.C.-R., D.A.W., B.E.S., D.L.B., and M.V.S. contributed to the interpretation of the data and its clear communication. C.A.R. and C.T.R. lead the Dawn mission. All authors contributed to the discussion of the results. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 2 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6303 AR aaf4286 DI 10.1126/science.aaf4286 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DU9SU UT WOS:000382558900030 ER PT J AU Phelps, G AF Phelps, Geoff TI Forward modeling of gravity data using geostatistically generated subsurface density variations SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Using geostatistical models of density variations in the subsurface, constrained by geologic data, forward models of gravity anomalies can be generated by discretizing the subsurface and calculating the cumulative effect of each cell (pixel). The results of such stochastically generated forward gravity anomalies can be compared with the observed gravity anomalies to find density models that match the observed data. These models have an advantage over forward gravity anomalies generated using polygonal bodies of homogeneous density because generating numerous realizations explores a larger region of the solution space. The stochastic modeling can be thought of as dividing the forward model into two components: that due to the shape of each geologic unit and that due to the heterogeneous distribution of density within each geologic unit. The modeling demonstrates that the internally heterogeneous distribution of density within each geologic unit can contribute significantly to the resulting calculated forward gravity anomaly. Furthermore, the stochastic models match observed statistical properties of geologic units, the solution space is more broadly explored by producing a suite of successful models, and the likelihood of a particular conceptual geologic model can be compared. The Vaca Fault near Travis Air Force Base, California, can be successfully modeled as a normal or strike-slip fault, with the normal fault model being slightly more probable. It can also be modeled as a reverse fault, although this structural geologic configuration is highly unlikely given the realizations we explored. C1 [Phelps, Geoff] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Phelps, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gphelps@usgs.gov FU USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program FX This work was funded by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. It would not have been possible without Dr. J. Caers and the Stanford Center for Reservoir Forecasting for numerous discussions, help, and insight into geostatistics and stochastic modeling. The manuscript was also significantly improved by the thoughtful comments of Dr. J. Barraud and two anonymous reviewers. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 81 IS 5 BP G81 EP G94 DI 10.1190/GEO2015-0663.1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EI8JJ UT WOS:000392752200037 ER PT J AU Kujawa, ER Goring, S Dawson, A Calcote, R Grimm, EC Hotchkiss, SC Jackson, ST Lynch, EA McLachlan, J St-Jacques, JM Umbanhowar, C Williams, JW AF Kujawa, Ellen Ruth Goring, Simon Dawson, Andria Calcote, Randy Grimm, Eric C. Hotchkiss, Sara C. Jackson, Stephen T. Lynch, Elizabeth A. McLachlan, Jason St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie Umbanhowar, Charles, Jr. Williams, John W. TI The effects of anthropogenic land cover change on pollen-vegetation relationships in the American Midwest SO ANTHROPOCENE LA English DT Article DE Palynology; Modern pollen; Anthropocene; Paleoecology; Land use change; Historical ecology ID PRE-EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT; FOREST-COMPOSITION; SOURCE AREA; QUANTITATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; PALYNOLOGICAL RICHNESS; REGIONAL VEGETATION; CENTRAL MINNESOTA; DRIFTLESS AREA; UPPER MICHIGAN; NORTH-AMERICA AB Fossil pollen assemblages provide information about vegetation dynamics at time scales ranging from centuries to millennia. Pollen-vegetation models and process-based models of dispersal typically assume stable relationships between source vegetation and corresponding pollen in surface sediments, as well as stable parameterizations of dispersal and productivity. These assumptions, however, are largely unevaluated. This paper reports a test of the stability of pollen-vegetation relationships using vegetation and pollen data from the Midwestern region of the United States, during a period of large changes in land use and vegetation driven by Euro-American settlement. We compared a dataset of pollen records for the early settlement-era with three other datasets of pollen and forest composition for two time periods: before Euro-American settlement, and the late 20th century. Results from generalized linear models for thirteen genera indicate that pollen-vegetation relationships significantly differ (p < 0.05) between pre-settlement and the modern era for several genera: Fagus, Betula, Tsuga, Quercus, Pinus, and Picea. The estimated pollen source radius for the 8 km gridded vegetation data and associated pollen data is 25-85 km, consistent with prior studies using similar methods and spatial resolutions. Hence, the rapid changes in land cover associated with the Anthropocene affect the accuracy of ecological predictions for both the future and the past. In the Anthropocene, paleoecology should move beyond the assumption that pollen-vegetation relationships are stable over time. Multi-temporal calibration datasets are increasingly possible and enable paleoecologists to better understand the complex processes governing pollen-vegetation relationships through space and time. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kujawa, Ellen Ruth] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Goring, Simon; Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dawson, Andria] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA USA. [Dawson, Andria; Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Calcote, Randy] Univ Minnesota, Limnol Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Grimm, Eric C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hotchkiss, Sara C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bot, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Lynch, Elizabeth A.] Luther Coll, Dept Biol, Decorah, IA USA. [McLachlan, Jason] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie] Univ Regina, Prairie Adaptat Res Collaborat, Regina, SK, Canada. [Umbanhowar, Charles, Jr.] St Olaf Coll, Dept Biol & Environm Studies, Northfield, MN USA. [Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Kujawa, ER (reprint author), 550 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ellen.kujawa@gmail.com OI Grimm, Eric/0000-0002-6977-3859; Kujawa, Ellen/0000-0002-9878-8865 FU National Science Foundation [EF-1241868] FX We thank data contributors of unpublished and recently published data, including: Edward Cushing, Jock McAndrews, Robert Booth, and contributors to the Neotoma Paleoecology Database (www.neotomadb.org). We thank Sissel Schroeder, Robert Booth, Kendra McLauchlan and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This paper is a contribution to the PalEON Project and is supported by the National Science Foundation (EF-1241868). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 99 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2213-3054 J9 ANTHROPOCENE JI Anthropocene PD SEP PY 2016 VL 15 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.ancene.2016.09.005 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG2PN UT WOS:000390886000007 ER PT J AU Robinson, SG Haukos, DA Sullins, DS Plumb, RT AF Robinson, Samantha G. Haukos, David A. Sullins, Daniel S. Plumb, Reid T. TI USE OF FREE WATER BY NESTING LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-WINGED DOVES; ANIMAL MIGRATION; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; GREAT-PLAINS; POPULATIONS; REPRODUCTION; EGGSHELL; HYDROGEN; HABITAT; SIZE AB The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a grassland grouse of semiarid regions. Use of free water has been hypothesized as necessary for egg formation during drought. We assessed the use of hydrogen isotopes (deuterium, delta H-2) to determine if female lesser prairie-chickens use and incorporate free water during egg formation by testing the relationship between isotope ratios in available free water and eggshells. We collected eggshells from 124 nests and 282 free water samples from three sites in Kansas in 2013 and 2014. Eggshells had delta H-2 values similar to free water in the year of severe drought but were dissimilar the year with lessened drought severity. With an established link between lesser prairie-chicken eggshells and free water during severe drought, we have identified a mechanism behind observations of lesser prairie-chicken water use. We have demonstrated that hydrogen isotopes can be used to test research questions related to use of free water. C1 [Robinson, Samantha G.; Sullins, Daniel S.; Plumb, Reid T.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Robinson, SG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM samgr@vt.edu FU Kansas Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism [KS W-73-R-3]; United States Department of Agriculture Farm Services Conservation Reserve Program Monitoring, Assessment, and Evaluation (12-IA-MRE CRP TA) [KSCFWRU RWO 62]; United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lesser Prairie-Chicken Initiative FX We thank J. Kraft, J. M Lautenbach, and J. D. Lautenbach for assisting with data collection. We thank J. Kramer, M. Mitchener, D. Dahlgren, J. Prendergast, G. Kramos, A. Flanders, M. Bain, and S. Hyberg for their assistance with the project. We also thank S. Ogden, C. Boal, B. Grisham, and M. Patten for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for the project was provided by Kansas Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism (Federal Assistance Grant KS W-73-R-3); the United States Department of Agriculture Farm Services Conservation Reserve Program Monitoring, Assessment, and Evaluation (12-IA-MRE CRP TA#7, KSCFWRU RWO 62); and the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lesser Prairie-Chicken Initiative. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 61 IS 3 BP 187 EP 193 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF9WV UT WOS:000390682800001 ER PT J AU Zavaleta, JC Haukos, DA Grisham, B Boal, C Dixon, C AF Zavaleta, Jennifer C. Haukos, David A. Grisham, Blake Boal, Clint Dixon, Charles TI RESTORING SAND SHINNERY OAK PRAIRIES WITH HERBICIDE AND GRAZING IN NEW MEXICO SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; TEBUTHIURON; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; BIOMASS; HABITAT; RATES AB Sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) prairies are increasingly disappearing and increasingly degraded in the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. Restoring and managing sand shinnery oak prairie can support biodiversity, specific species of conservation concern, and livestock production. We measured vegetation response to four treatment combinations of herbicide (tebuthiuron applied at 0.60 kg/ha) and moderate-intensity grazing (50% removal of annual herbaceous production) over a 10-year period in a sand shinnery oak prairie of eastern New Mexico. We compared the annual vegetation response to the historical climax plant community (HCPC) as outlined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Ecological Site Description. From 2 to 10 years postapplication, tebuthiuron-treated plots had reduced shrub cover with twice as much forb and grass cover as untreated plots. Tebuthiuron-treated plots, regardless of the presence of grazing, most frequently met HCPC. Tebuthiuron and moderate-intensity grazing increased vegetation heterogeneity and, based on comparison of the HCPC, successfully restored sand shinnery oak prairie to a vegetation composition similar to presettlement. C1 [Zavaleta, Jennifer C.; Grisham, Blake] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Boal, Clint] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Dixon, Charles] Wildlife Plus, POB 416, Alto, NM 88312 USA. [Zavaleta, Jennifer C.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP Zavaleta, JC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.; Zavaleta, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM JenniferCZavaleta@gmail.com FU Grasslans Charitable Foundation; Weaver Ranch in New Mexico; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; U.S. Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Nature Conservancy; Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources Management FX Various landowners in Texas provided access to private property. We thank the Grasslans Charitable Foundation and Weaver Ranch in New Mexico for study site access and logistical and financial support. The Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Grasslans Charitable Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Nature Conservancy, and Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources Management provided financial and logistical support for this project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 61 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF9WV UT WOS:000390682800006 ER PT J AU Metcalfe, AN Kennedy, TA Muehlbauer, JD AF Metcalfe, Anya N. Kennedy, Theodore A. Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. TI PHENOLOGY OF THE ADULT ANGEL LICHEN MOTH (CISTHENE ANGELUS) IN GRAND CANYON, USA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BUTTERFLIES; VOLTINISM; LEPIDOPTERA; PROTANDRY; GROWTH; SIZE; DIMORPHISM; EVOLUTION; INSECTS; FEMALES AB We investigated the phenology of adult angel lichen moths (Cisthene angelus) along a 364-km long segment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, using a unique data set of 2,437 light-trap samples collected by citizen scientists. We found that adults of C. angelus were bivoltine from 2012 to 2014. We quantified plasticity in wing lengths and sex ratios among the two generations and across a 545-m elevation gradient. We found that abundance, but not wing length, increased at lower elevations and that the two generations differed in size and sex distributions. Our results shed light on the life history and morphology of a common, but poorly known, species of moth endemic to the southwestern United States and Mexico. C1 [Metcalfe, Anya N.; Kennedy, Theodore A.; Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Metcalfe, AN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ametcalfe@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center FX We thank the river runners and professional river outfitters who made time in their Grand Canyon river trips to collect samples and made this study possible: Arizona Raft Adventures, Arizona River Runners, Arizona Game and Fish Department, E. Baade, M. Bryan, R. Burch, K. Burnett, Canyon Expeditions, Canyon REO, Canyoneers, D. Cassidy, Ceiba Adventures, L. Chamberlain, Colorado River and Trail Expeditions, J. Cox, B. Dye, Grand Canyon Expeditions, Grand Canyon National Park, Grand Canyon River Guides, Grand Canyon Youth, A. Harmon, Hatch River Expeditions, S. Jernigan, E. Johnson, W. Mackay, K. McGrath, Moenkopi Riverworks, A. Neill, Outdoors Unlimited, M. Perkins, W. Permar, K. Proctor, Professional River Outfitters, M. Robinson, O. Roussis, G. Siemion, C. Tibbitts, J. Toner, J. Townsend, Tour West, K. Wagner, Wilderness River Adventures, K. Williams, K. Wogan, K. Wykstra, and G. Zarn. We thank E. Kortenhoeven for his assistance processing light-trap samples. We thank artist K. Aitchison for creating the block prints in Figure 3 and D. Garcia-Pena for her assistance in translating the abstract. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center. All data associated with this manuscript are archived on ScienceBase (http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7154F5S). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 61 IS 3 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF9WV UT WOS:000390682800007 ER PT J AU Muths, E Scherer, RD Amburgey, SM Matthews, T Spencer, AW Corn, PS AF Muths, E. Scherer, R. D. Amburgey, S. M. Matthews, T. Spencer, A. W. Corn, P. S. TI First estimates of the probability of survival in a small-bodied, high-elevation frog (Boreal Chorus Frog, Pseudacris maculata), or how historical data can be useful SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boreal Chorus Frog; conservation; data reclamation; mark-recapture; Pseudacris maculata ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALAMANDRA-SALAMANDRA; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; AMPHIBIAN DECLINE; MARKED ANIMALS; RANA-SIERRAE; POPULATION; METAMORPHOSIS; TRISERIATA AB In an era of shrinking budgets yet increasing demands for conservation, the value of existing (i.e., historical) data are elevated. Lengthy time series on common, or previously common, species are particularly valuable and may be available only through the use of historical information. We provide first estimates of the probability of survival and longevity (0.67-0.79 and 5-7 years, respectively) for a subalpine population of a small-bodied, ostensibly common amphibian, the Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata (Agassiz, 1850)), using historical data and contemporary, hypothesis-driven information-theoretic analyses. We also test a priori hypotheses about the effects of color morph (as suggested by early reports) and of drought (as suggested by recent climate predictions) on survival. Using robust mark-recapture models, we find some support for early hypotheses regarding the effect of color on survival, but we find no effect of drought. The congruence between early findings and our analyses highlights the usefulness of historical information in providing raw data for contemporary analyses and context for conservation and management decisions. C1 [Muths, E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Scherer, R. D.] Conservat Sci Partners, 501 Old Town Sq, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Amburgey, S. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Matthews, T.] 1414 Nunn Creek Court, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Spencer, A. W.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Biol, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [Corn, P. S.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Muths, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM muthse@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Data Rescue Program FX We thank D. Oberlag and R. Edwards, U.S. Forest Service, for information regarding logging. The manuscript is dedicated to the memory of D. Pettus for scientific and mentoring contributions. This is contribution No. 542 of the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative and was funded partially by the U.S. Geological Survey's Data Rescue Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 94 IS 9 BP 599 EP 606 DI 10.1139/cjz-2016-0024 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DW5PS UT WOS:000383699200001 ER PT J AU Weidhaas, JL Dietrich, AM DeYonker, NJ Dupont, RR Foreman, WT Gallagher, D Gallagher, JEG Whelton, AJ Alexander, WA AF Weidhaas, Jennifer L. Dietrich, Andrea M. DeYonker, Nathan J. Dupont, R. Ryan Foreman, William T. Gallagher, Daniel Gallagher, Jennifer E. G. Whelton, Andrew J. Alexander, William A. TI Enabling Science Support for Better Decision-Making when Responding to Chemical Spills SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; WEST-VIRGINIA; OIL-SPILL; HUMAN EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; RIVER; COMMUNICATION; CONTAMINANTS; PREPAREDNESS; TOXICOLOGY AB Chemical spills and accidents contaminate the environment and disrupt societies and economies around the globe. In the United States there were approximately 172,000 chemical spills that affected US waterbodies from 2004 to 2014. More than 8000 of these spills involved non-petroleum-related chemicals. Traditional emergency responses or incident command structures (ICSs) that respond to chemical spills require coordinated efforts by predominantly government personnel from multiple disciplines, including disaster management, public health, and environmental protection. However, the requirements of emergency response teams for science support might not be met within the traditional ICS. We describe the US ICS as an example of emergency-response approaches to chemical spills and provide examples in which external scientific support from research personnel benefitted the ICS emergency response, focusing primarily on nonpetroleum chemical spills. We then propose immediate, near-term, and long-term activities to support the response to chemical spills, focusing on nonpetroleum chemical spills. Further, we call for science support for spill prevention and near-term spill-incident response and identify longerterm research needs. The development of a formal mechanism for external science support of ICS from governmental and nongovernmental scientists would benefit rapid responders, advance incident-and crisis-response science, and aid society in coping with and recovering from chemical spills. C1 [Weidhaas, Jennifer L.] West Virginia Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, 395 Evansdale Dr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Weidhaas, Jennifer L.] Univ Utah, Civil & Environm Engn, 110 Cent Campus Dr,Suite 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Dietrich, Andrea M.; Gallagher, Daniel] Virginia Tech, Civil & Environm Engn, 418 Durham Hall,1145 Perry St,MC 0246, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [DeYonker, Nathan J.; Alexander, William A.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Dupont, R. Ryan] Utah State Univ, Utah Water Res Lab, 8200 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Foreman, William T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, POB 25585, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Gallagher, Jennifer E. G.] West Virginia Univ, Biol, 5108 Life Sci Bldg,53 Campus Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Whelton, Andrew J.] Purdue Univ, Div Environm & Ecol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Whelton, Andrew J.] Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Weidhaas, JL (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, 395 Evansdale Dr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.; Weidhaas, JL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Civil & Environm Engn, 110 Cent Campus Dr,Suite 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jennifer.weidhaas@utah.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET 1523448] FX The authors are grateful to the participants of the National Science Foundation-funded workshop entitled "Fostering Advances in Water Resource Protection and Crisis Communication, Lessons Learned from Recent Disasters," whose discussions informed this manuscript and the independent peer reviewers and editorial board, whose contributions strengthened the manuscript. Funding for the workshop and this manuscript was obtained from the National Science Foundation (CBET 1523448). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1490 EP 1500 DI 10.2134/jeq2016.03.0090 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED6DC UT WOS:000388944200003 PM 27695739 ER PT J AU Essaid, HI Baker, NT McCarthy, KA AF Essaid, Hedeff I. Baker, Nancy T. McCarthy, Kathleen A. TI Contrasting Nitrogen Fate in Watersheds Using Agricultural and Water Quality Information SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; MODELING STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; MEMBER MIXING ANALYSIS; SOILWATER END-MEMBERS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; MASS-BALANCE; NORTHWESTERN MISSISSIPPI; LAND-USE; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AB Surplus nitrogen (N) estimates, principal component analysis (PCA), and end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) were used in a multisite comparison contrasting the fate of N in diverse agricultural watersheds. We applied PCA-EMMA in 10 watersheds located in Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Nebraska, Mississippi, and Washington ranging in size from 5 to 1254 km(2) with four nested watersheds. Watershed Surplus N was determined by subtracting estimates of crop uptake and volatilization from estimates of N input from atmospheric deposition, plant fixation, fertilizer, and manure for the period from 1987 to 2004. Watershed average Surplus N ranged from 11 to 52 kg N ha(-1) and from 9 to 32% of N input. Solute concentrations in streams, overland runoff, tile drainage, groundwater (GW), streambeds, and the unsaturated zone were used in the PCA-EMMA procedure to identify independent components contributing to observed stream concentration variability and the end-members contributing to streamflow and NO3 load. End-members included dilute runoff, agricultural runoff, benthic-processing, tile drainage, and oxic and anoxic GW. Surplus N was larger in watersheds with more permeable soils (Washington, Nebraska, and Maryland) that allowed greater infiltration, and oxic GW was the primary source of NO3 load. Subsurface transport of NO3 in these watersheds resulted in some removal of Surplus N by denitrification. In less permeable watersheds (Iowa, Indiana, and Mississippi), NO3 was rapidly transported to the stream by tile drainage and runoff with little removal. Evidence of streambed removal of NO3 by benthic diatoms was observed in the larger watersheds. C1 [Essaid, Hedeff I.] USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Baker, Nancy T.] USGS, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [McCarthy, Kathleen A.] USGS, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Essaid, HI (reprint author), USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hiessaid@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment and National Research Programs FX This work was supported by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment and National Research Programs. The authors thank Chris Green and four anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1616 EP 1626 DI 10.2134/jeq2016.02.0071 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED6DC UT WOS:000388944200016 PM 27695767 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Frey, JW Musgrove, M Nakagaki, N Qi, S Mahler, BJ Wieczorek, ME Button, DT AF Van Metre, Peter C. Frey, Jeffrey W. Musgrove, MaryLynn Nakagaki, Naomi Qi, Sharon Mahler, Barbara J. Wieczorek, Michael E. Button, Daniel T. TI High Nitrate Concentrations in Some Midwest United States Streams in 2013 after the 2012 Drought SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; RACCOON RIVER; CORN-BELT; BASIN; IOWA; DENITRIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; PATTERNS AB Nitrogen sources in the Mississippi River basin have been linked to degradation of stream ecology and to Gulf of Mexico hypoxia. In 2013, the USGS and the USEPA characterized water quality stressors and ecological conditions in 100 wadeable streams across the midwestern United States. Wet conditions in 2013 followed a severe drought in 2012, a weather pattern associated with elevated nitrogen concentrations and loads in streams. Nitrate concentrations during the May to August 2013 sampling period ranged from <0.04 to 41.8 mg L-1 as N (mean, 5.31 mg L-1). Observed mean May to June nitrate concentrations at the 100 sites were compared with May to June concentrations predicted from a regression model developed using historical nitrate data. Observed concentrations for 17 sites, centered on Iowa and southern Minnesota, were outside the 95% confidence interval of the regression-predicted mean, indicating that they were anomalously high. The sites with a nitrate anomaly had significantly higher May to June nitrate concentrations than sites without an anomaly (means, 19.8 and 3.6 mg L-1, respectively) and had higher antecedent precipitation indices, a measure of the departure from normal precipitation, in 2012 and 2013. Correlations between nitrate concentrations and watershed characteristics and nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate indicated that fertilizer and manure used in crop production, principally corn, were the dominant sources of nitrate. The anomalously high nitrate levels in parts of the Midwest in 2013 coincide with reported higher-than-normal nitrate loads in the Mississippi River. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Musgrove, MaryLynn; Mahler, Barbara J.] USGS, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Frey, Jeffrey W.] USGS, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Nakagaki, Naomi] USGS, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Qi, Sharon] USGS, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wieczorek, Michael E.] USGS, Baltimore, MD 21288 USA. [Button, Daniel T.] USGS, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), USGS, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU USGS FX This study was funded by the USGS. The authors thank Ellen Tarquinio with the USEPA for helping to plan and coordinate the MSQA study. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1696 EP 1704 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.12.0591 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED6DC UT WOS:000388944200025 PM 27695770 ER PT J AU Butterfield, BJ Munson, SM AF Butterfield, Bradley J. Munson, Seth M. TI Temperature is better than precipitation as a predictor of plant community assembly across a dryland region SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Competition; Drought tolerance; Environmental filter; Facilitation; Frost tolerance; Response capacity; Safety margin; Species distribution; Stress dominance hypothesis; Stress tolerance ID BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; UNITED-STATES; RANGE LIMITS; GRADIENTS; DIVERSITY; DROUGHT; STRESS; TREES; SPECIALIZATION; TOLERANCE AB Question: How closely do plant communities track climate? Research suggests that plant species converge toward similar environmental tolerances relative to the environments that they experience. Whether these patterns apply to severe environments or scale up to plant community-level patterns of relative climatic tolerances is poorly understood. Using estimates of species' climatic tolerances acquired from occurrence records, we determined the contributions of individual species' climatic niche breadths and environmental filtering to the relationships between community-average climatic tolerances and the local climates experienced by those communities. Location: Southwestern United States drylands. Methods: Interspecific variation in niche breadth was assessed as a function of species' climatic optima (median climatic niche value). The relationships between climatic optima and tolerances were used as null expectations for the relationship between abundance-weighted mean climatic tolerances of communities and the local climate of that community. Deviations from this null expectation indicate that species with greater or lesser climatic tolerances are favoured relative to co-occurring species, The intensity of environmental filtering was estimated by comparing the range of climatic tolerances within each community to a null distribution generated :from a random assembly algorithm. Results: The temperature niches of species were consistently symmetrical and of similar breadths, regardless of their temperature optima. In contrast, precipitation niches were skewed toward wetter conditions, and niche breadth increased with increasing precipitation optima. At the community level, relationships with climate were much stronger for temperature than for precipitation, Furthermore, cold and heat were stronger assembly fillers than drought or precipitation, with the intensity of environmental filtering increasing at both ends of climatic gradients, Community-average climatic tolerances did deviate significantly from null expectations, indicating that species with higher or lower relative climatic tolerances were favoured under certain conditions. Conclusions: Despite strong water limitation of plant performance in dryland ecosystems, communities tracked variation in temperature much more closely, intimating strong responses to anticipated temperature increases. Furthermore, abundance distributions were biased toward species with higher or lower relative climatic tolerances under different climatic conditions, but predictably so, indicating, the need for assembly models that include processes other than simple environmental filtering. C1 [Butterfield, Bradley J.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Butterfield, Bradley J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Munson, Seth M.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Butterfield, BJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.; Butterfield, BJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Bradley.Butterfield@nau.edu; SMunson@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystems Mission Area FX C. Schob, J. Gremer and J. Bradford provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this work, S. Munson was supported by the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area. We would like to thank all of the scientists who collected the community composition data upon which this study is based. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 27 IS 5 BP 938 EP 947 DI 10.1111/jvs.12440 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA EC9BU UT WOS:000388439400008 ER PT J AU Bekins, BA Cozzarelli, IM Erickson, ML Steenson, RA Thorn, KA AF Bekins, Barbara A. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Erickson, Melinda L. Steenson, Ross A. Thorn, Kevin A. TI Crude Oil Metabolites in Groundwater at Two Spill Sites SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; WATER-QUALITY IMPACTS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; NAPHTHENIC ACIDS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER AB Two groundwater plumes in north central Minnesota with residual crude oil sources have 20 to 50 mg/L of nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC). These values are over 10 times higher than benzene and two to three times higher than Diesel Range Organics in the same wells. On the basis of previous work, most of the NVDOC consists of partial transformation products from the crude oil. Monitoring data from 1988 to 2015 at one of the sites located near Bemidji, MN show that the plume of metabolites is expanding toward a lakeshore located 335m from the source zone. Other mass balance studies of the site have demonstrated that the plume expansion is driven by the combined effect of continued presence of the residual crude oil source and depletion of the electron accepting capacity of solid phase iron oxide and hydroxides on the aquifer sediments. These plumes of metabolites are not covered by regulatory monitoring and reporting requirements in Minnesota and other states. Yet, a review of toxicology studies indicates that polar metabolites of crude oil may pose a risk to aquatic and mammalian species. Together the results suggest that at sites where residual sources are present, monitoring of NVDOC may be warranted to evaluate the fates of plumes of hydrocarbon transformation products. C1 [Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Erickson, Melinda L.] US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Steenson, Ross A.] San Francisco Bay Reg Water Qual Control Board, 1515 Clay St, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Thorn, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS-408,Bldg 95, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Bekins, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM babekins@usgs.gov OI Erickson, Melinda/0000-0002-1117-2866; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program; National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the USGS; Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; Beltrami County, MN FX This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the National Research Program. Partial funding for this project was provided by the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the USGS, Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and Beltrami County, MN. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 54 IS 5 BP 681 EP 691 DI 10.1111/gwat.12419 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA ED2ZS UT WOS:000388719400011 PM 27010754 ER PT J AU Bakker, M Post, V Langevin, CD Hughes, JD White, JT Starn, JJ Fienen, MN AF Bakker, M. Post, V. Langevin, C. D. Hughes, J. D. White, J. T. Starn, J. J. Fienen, M. N. TI Scripting MODFLOW Model Development Using Python and FloPy SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article AB Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are commonly used to construct and postprocess numerical groundwater flow and transport models. Scripting model development with the programming language Python is presented here as an alternative approach. One advantage of Python is that there are many packages available to facilitate the model development process, including packages for plotting, array manipulation, optimization, and data analysis. For MODFLOW-based models, the FloPy package was developed by the authors to construct model input files, run the model, and read and plot simulation results. Use of Python with the available scientific packages and FloPy facilitates data exploration, alternative model evaluations, and model analyses that can be difficult to perform with GUIs. Furthermore, Python scripts are a complete, transparent, and repeatable record of the modeling process. The approach is introduced with a simple FloPy example to create and postprocess a MODFLOW model. A more complicated capture-fraction analysis with a real-world model is presented to demonstrate the types of analyses that can be performed using Python and FloPy. C1 [Bakker, M.] Delft Univ Technol, Water Resources Sect, Delft, Netherlands. [Post, V.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Post, V.] BGR, Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, Hannover, Germany. [Langevin, C. D.; Hughes, J. D.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [White, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX USA. [Starn, J. J.] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT USA. [Fienen, M. N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. RP Bakker, M (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Water Resources Sect, Delft, Netherlands. EM mark.bakker@tudelft.nl RI Post, Vincent/E-6054-2011 OI Post, Vincent/0000-0002-9463-3081 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 54 IS 5 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1111/gwat.12413 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA ED2ZS UT WOS:000388719400017 PM 27027984 ER PT J AU Bastille-Rousseau, G Yackulic, CB Frair, JL Cabrera, F Blake, S AF Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume Yackulic, Charles B. Frair, Jacqueline L. Cabrera, Freddy Blake, Stephen TI Allometric and temporal scaling of movement characteristics in Galapagos tortoises SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chelonoidis spp.; correlated random walk; directional persistence; displacement; ectotherm; giant tortoise; interval; movement; temporal scale ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; BODY-SIZE; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; HOME-RANGE; MIGRATION DISTANCE; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; ENERGY; DETERMINANTS; MASS AB 1. Understanding how individual movement scales with body size is of fundamental importance in predicting ecological relationships for diverse species. One-dimensional movement metrics scale consistently with body size yet vary over different temporal scales. Knowing how temporal scale influences the relationship between animal body size and movement would better inform hypotheses about the efficiency of foraging behaviour, the ontogeny of energy budgets, and numerous life-history trade-offs. 2. We investigated how the temporal scaling of allometric patterns in movement varies over the course of a year, specifically during periods of motivated (directional and fast movement) and unmotivated (stationary and tortuous movement) behaviour. We focused on a recently diverged group of species that displays wide variation in movement behaviour -giant Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.) -to test how movement metrics estimated on a monthly basis scaled with body size. 3. We used state-space modelling to estimate seven different movement metrics of Galapagos tortoises. We used log-log regression of the power law to evaluate allometric scaling for these movement metrics and contrasted relationships by species and sex. 4. Allometric scaling of movement was more apparent during motivated periods of movement. During this period, allometry was revealed at multiple temporal intervals (hourly, daily and monthly), with values observed at daily and monthly intervals corresponding most closely to the expected one-fourth scaling coefficient, albeit with wide credible intervals. We further detected differences in the magnitude of scaling among taxa uncoupled from observed differences in the temporal structuring of their movement rates. 5. Our results indicate that the definition of temporal scales is fundamental to the detection of allometry of movement and should be given more attention in movement studies. Our approach not only provides new conceptual insights into temporal attributes in one-dimensional scaling of movement, but also generates valuable insights into the movement ecology of iconic yet poorly understood Galapagos giant tortoises. C1 [Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume; Frair, Jacqueline L.; Blake, Stephen] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume; Frair, Jacqueline L.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Roosevelt Wild Life Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Cabrera, Freddy; Blake, Stephen] Charles Darwin Fdn, Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador. [Blake, Stephen] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Schlossallee 2, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Blake, Stephen] Univ Missouri, Whitney Harris World Ecol Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Blake, Stephen] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Bastille-Rousseau, G (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.; Bastille-Rousseau, G (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Roosevelt Wild Life Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM gbastill@esf.edu OI Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume/0000-0001-6799-639X FU Max Planck Institute for Ornithology (Radolfzell, Germany); National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration; Galapagos Conservation Trust; Swiss Friends of Galapagos; National Science Foundation [DBI-1003221, 1258062] FX This project was supported by the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology (Radolfzell, Germany), the National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration, Galapagos Conservation Trust, Swiss Friends of Galapagos and the National Science Foundation (DBI-1003221, Grant No. 1258062). The Galapagos National Park Service (GNPS) and Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF) provided critical technical, logistical, administrative and political support. In particular, we thank Washington Tapia, Galo Quesada and Wilman Valle of the GNP, and Mark Gardener, Pilar Dias and Sonia Cisneros of the CDF. We also thank James Gibbs for valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript and his generous collaboration. We also thank N. Courbin, and four anonymous reviewers for valuables comments on a previous version of this manuscript. E-obs GmbH provided GPS telemetry tags at a fraction of their commercial price. Steve Devine, Herbert Frey and many other land owners on Galapagos kindly allowed us to use their property. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1181 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12561 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EC7XC UT WOS:000388353400005 PM 27336221 ER PT J AU Furey, NB Hinch, SG Mesa, MG Beauchamp, DA AF Furey, Nathan B. Hinch, Scott G. Mesa, Matthew G. Beauchamp, David A. TI Piscivorous fish exhibit temperature-influenced binge feeding during an annual prey pulse SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; digestive bottleneck; digestive capacity; foraging ecology; gut volume; hyperphagia; physiological ecology; predator-prey interactions; resource pulse ID GASTRIC EVACUATION RATES; BULL TROUT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; MIGRATION SURVIVAL; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; TROPHIC CASCADES; HIGH-MORTALITY; DOLLY VARDEN; PREDATION AB 1. Understanding the limits of consumption is important for determining trophic influences on ecosystems and predator adaptations to inconsistent prey availability. Fishes have been observed to consume beyond what is sustainable (i.e. digested on a daily basis), but this phenomenon of hyperphagia (or binge-feeding) is largely overlooked. We expect hyperphagia to be a short-term (1-day) event that is facilitated by gut volume providing capacity to store consumed food during periods of high prey availability to be later digested. 2. We define how temperature, body size and food availability influence the degree of binge-feeding by comparing field observations with laboratory experiments of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a large freshwater piscivore that experiences highly variable prey pulses. We also simulated bull trout consumption and growth during salmon smolt outmigrations under two scenarios: 1) daily consumption being dependent upon bioenergetically sustainable rates and 2) daily consumption being dependent upon available gut volume (i.e. consumption is equal to gut volume when empty and otherwise 'topping off' based on sustainable digestion rates). 3. One-day consumption by laboratory-held bull trout during the first day of feeding experiments after fasting exceeded bioenergetically sustainable rates by 12- to 87-fold at low temperatures (3 degrees C) and by similar to 1.3-fold at 20 degrees C. The degree of binge-feeding by bull trout in the field was slightly reduced but largely in agreement with laboratory estimates, especially when prey availability was extremely high [during a sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolt outmigration and at a counting fence where smolts are funnelled into high densities]. Consumption by bull trout at other settings were lower and more variable, but still regularly hyperphagic. 4. Simulations demonstrated the ability to binge-feed increased cumulative consumption (16-32%) and cumulative growth (19-110%) relative to only feeding at bioenergetically sustainable rates during the similar to 1-month smolt outmigration period. 5. Our results indicate the ability for predators to maximize short-term consumption when prey are available can be extreme and is limited primarily by gut volume, then mediated by temperature; thus, predator-prey relationships may be more dependent upon prey availability than traditional bioenergetic models suggest. Binge-feeding has important implications for energy budgets of consumers as well as acute predation impacts on prey. C1 [Furey, Nathan B.; Hinch, Scott G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Mesa, Matthew G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Furey, NB (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM n.b.furey@gmail.com FU Ocean Tracking Network (OTN) Canada; Fisheries Society of the British Isles (FSBI); US Fish and Wildlife Service; NSERC FX The authors thank Andrew Lotto, Arthur Bass, Collin Middleton, Vanessa Minke-Martin and DFO for assistance with field work. We acknowledge Megan Fong for help processing stomach content samples. We thank Lisa Weiland, Lee Simons and Helena Christiansen for assistance for the laboratory-based studies. The Ocean Tracking Network (OTN) Canada and the Fisheries Society of the British Isles (FSBI) Research Grants programme provided funds for field studies. The US Fish and Wildlife Service assisted with funding for the laboratory-based research. N.B.F. is funded by a Vanier Graduate Scholarship through NSERC. We are grateful to the Xeni Gwet'in First Nation for access to the Chilko field site. Work was conducted with scientific collection permits #WL13-86458 and #WL14-94449 from the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1307 EP 1317 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12565 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EC7XC UT WOS:000388353400018 PM 27457279 ER PT J AU Fraeman, AA Ehlmann, BL Arvidson, RE Edwards, CS Grotzinger, JP Milliken, RE Quinn, DP Rice, MS AF Fraeman, A. A. Ehlmann, B. L. Arvidson, R. E. Edwards, C. S. Grotzinger, J. P. Milliken, R. E. Quinn, D. P. Rice, M. S. TI The stratigraphy and evolution of lower Mount Sharp from spectral, morphological, and thermophysical orbital data sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; GALE CRATER; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LANDING SITE; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; EARLY MARS; SULFATE; MINERALOGY; CONSTRAINTS AB We have developed a refined geologic map and stratigraphy for lower Mount Sharp using coordinated analyses of new spectral, thermophysical, and morphologic orbital data products. The Mount Sharp group consists of seven relatively planar units delineated by differences in texture, mineralogy, and thermophysical properties. These units are (1-3) three spatially adjacent units in the Murray formation which contain a variety of secondary phases and are distinguishable by thermal inertia and albedo differences, (4) a phyllosilicate-bearing unit, (5) a hematite-capped ridge unit, (6) a unit associated with material having a strongly sloped spectral signature at visible near-infrared wavelengths, and (7) a layered sulfate unit. The Siccar Point group consists of the Stimson formation and two additional units that unconformably overlie the Mount Sharp group. All Siccar Point group units are distinguished by higher thermal inertia values and record a period of substantial deposition and exhumation that followed the deposition and exhumation of the Mount Sharp group. Several spatially extensive silica deposits associated with veins and fractures show that late-stage silica enrichment within lower Mount Sharp was pervasive. At least two laterally extensive hematitic deposits are present at different stratigraphic intervals, and both are geometrically conformable with lower Mount Sharp strata. The occurrence of hematite at multiple stratigraphic horizons suggests redox interfaces were widespread in space and/or in time, and future measurements by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover will provide further insights into the depositional settings of these and other mineral phases. C1 [Fraeman, A. A.; Ehlmann, B. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ehlmann, B. L.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Quinn, D. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Edwards, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Edwards, C. S.] Northern Univ Arizona, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Milliken, R. E.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Rice, M. S.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Fraeman, AA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM abigail.a.fraeman@jpl.nasa.gov FU W.M. Keck Institution for Space Studies; Caltech; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the internal Research and Technology Development program; MSL Participating Scientist Program grant FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading and insight comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. Thanks to Lulu Pan for providing helpful advice on CRISM parameter mapping techniques, Ara Oshagan for assistance in generating the HiRISE color mosaic, Dawn Sumner for nomenclature guidance, and Kathryn Stack Morgan for fruitful discussions about orbital mapping interpretations and sharing her general knowledge of the Gale Crater geologic context. A.A.F. was partially supported by a W.M. Keck Institution for Space Studies Postdoctoral Fellowship and Caltech Geological and Planetary Sciences Texaco Postdoctoral Fellowship. A portion of this research was also carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and funded through the internal Research and Technology Development program. B.L.E. was partially supported by an MSL Participating Scientist Program grant. All raw data products supporting the conclusions of this work can be obtained from the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS). NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 1713 EP 1736 DI 10.1002/2016JE005095 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC0MO UT WOS:000387795400008 PM 27867788 ER PT J AU Dymond, SF D'Amato, AW Kolka, RK Bolstad, PV Sebestyen, SD Bradford, JB AF Dymond, S. F. D'Amato, A. W. Kolka, R. K. Bolstad, P. V. Sebestyen, S. D. Bradford, J. B. TI Growth-climate relationships across topographic gradients in the northern Great Lakes SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; quaking aspen; red pine; PET; soil moisture ID CANADIAN ASPEN FORESTS; TREE-GROWTH; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; RADIAL GROWTH; WATER; DROUGHT; RINGS; USA; PRODUCTIVITY AB Climatic conditions exert important control over the growth, productivity, and distribution of forests, and characterizing these relationships is essential for understanding how forest ecosystems will respond to climate change. We used dendrochronological methods to develop climate-growth relationships for two dominant species, Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) and Pinus resinosa (red pine), in the upper Great Lakes region to understand how climate and water availability influence annual forest productivity. Trees were sampled along a topographic gradient at the Marcell Experimental Forest (Minnesota, USA) to assess growth response to variations in temperature and different water availability metrics (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), cumulative moisture index (CMI), and soil water storage). Climatic variables were able to explain 33-58% of the variation in annual growth (as measured by ring-width increment) for quaking aspen and 37-74% of the variation for red pine. Climate-growth relationships were influenced by topography for quaking aspen but not for red pine. Annual ring growth for quaking aspen decreased with June CMI on ridges, decreased with temperature in the November prior to the growing season on sideslopes, and decreased with June PET on toeslopes. Red pine growth increased with increasing July PET across all topographic positions. These results indicate the sensitivity of both quaking aspen and red pine to local climate and show several vulnerabilities of these species to shifts in water supply and temperature because of climate change. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dymond, S. F.; Bolstad, P. V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN USA. [D'Amato, A. W.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. [Kolka, R. K.; Sebestyen, S. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. [Bradford, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dymond, SF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM sdymond@fs.fed.us RI Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013; Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108; FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank Erika Wertz, Laura Nelson, Deacon Kyllander, Carrie Dorrance, and Emily Silver for providing field and/or laboratory assistance, and also anonymous reviewers who have helped to improve the manuscript. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 918 EP 929 DI 10.1002/eco.1700 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EC1GC UT WOS:000387851900003 ER PT J AU Carlisle, DM Nelson, SM May, J AF Carlisle, Daren M. Nelson, S. Mark May, Jason TI Associations of stream health with altered flow and water temperature in the Sierra Nevada, California SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE streamflow alteration; invertebrate community; thermal alteration; Sierra Nevada; California ID ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; THERMAL REGIMES; MANAGEMENT; DAM; ASSESSMENTS; CONSEQUENCES; DOWNSTREAM AB Alteration of streamflow and thermal conditions may adversely affect lotic invertebrate communities, but few studies have assessed these phenomena using indicators that control for the potentially confounding influence of natural variability. We designed a study to assess how flow and thermal alteration influence stream health - as indicated by the condition of invertebrate communities. We studied thirty streams in the Sierra Nevada, California, that span a wide range of hydrologic modification due to storage reservoirs and hydroelectric diversions. Daily water temperature and streamflows were monitored, and basic chemistry and habitat conditions were characterized when invertebrate communities were sampled. Streamflow alteration, thermal alteration, and invertebrate condition were quantified by predicting site-specific natural expectations using statistical models developed using data from regional reference sites. Monthly flows were typically depleted (relative to natural expectations) during fall, winter, and spring. Most hydrologically altered sites experienced cooled thermal conditions in summer, with mean daily temperatures as much 12 degrees C below natural expectations. The most influential predictor of invertebrate community condition was the degree of alteration of March flows, which suggests that there are key interactions between hydrological and biological processes during this month in Sierra Nevada streams. Thermal alteration was also an important predictor - particularly at sites with the most severe hydrological alteration. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Carlisle, Daren M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Lawrence, KS USA. [Nelson, S. Mark] Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO USA. [May, Jason] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Carlisle, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Lawrence, KS USA. EM dcarlisle@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX Contract/grant sponsor: U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 930 EP 941 DI 10.1002/eco.1703 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EC1GC UT WOS:000387851900004 ER PT J AU Conner, LG Gill, RA Belnap, J AF Conner, Lafe G. Gill, Richard A. Belnap, Jayne TI Soil moisture response to experimentally altered snowmelt timing is mediated by soil, vegetation, and regional climate patterns SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; soil moisture; soil moisture states; snowmelt; snowpack; subalpine ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ORGANIC-MATTER; GROWING-SEASON; HIGH-ELEVATION; N RETENTION; SNOWPACK; WATER; VARIABILITY; CONSEQUENCES; TEMPERATURE AB Soil moisture in seasonally snow-covered environments fluctuates seasonally between wet and dry states. Climate warming is advancing the onset of spring snowmelt and may lengthen the summer-dry state and ultimately cause drier soil conditions. The magnitude of either response may vary across elevation and vegetation types. We situated our study at the lower boundary of persistent snow cover and the upper boundary of subalpine forest with paired treatment blocks in aspen forest and open meadow. In treatments plots, we advanced snowmelt timing by an average of 14 days by adding dust to the snow surface during spring melt. We specifically wanted to know whether early snowmelt would increase the duration of the summer-dry period and cause soils to be drier in the early-snowmelt treatments compared with control plots. We found no difference in the onset of the summer-dry state and no significant differences in soil moisture between treatments. To better understand the reasons soil moisture did not respond to early snowmelt as expected, we examined the mediating influences of soil organic matter, texture, temperature, and the presence or absence of forest. In our study, late-spring precipitation may have moderated the effects of early snowmelt on soil moisture. We conclude that landscape characteristics, including soil, vegetation, and regional weather patterns, may supersede the effects of snowmelt timing in determining growing season soil moisture, and efforts to anticipate the impacts of climate change on seasonally snow-covered ecosystems should take into account these mediating factors. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Conner, Lafe G.; Gill, Richard A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Conner, LG (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM connerlg@byu.edu FU Decagon Devices, Inc.; Charles Redd Center for Western Studies; USGS FX The authors wish to thank to Greg Maurer for insight into experimental methods and comments on an earlier draft of the paper and David Bowling for insight and helpful critique of the project at various stages of the research. Thanks also to Michael McQueen, Joshua Harvey, and Desiree Lindley for help with data collection, Rohit Katthar, Dan Ames, and Jiri Kadlec for help with data management and HydroServer Lite, Randy Beckstrand (BLM) for help sourcing the dust used for the experiment, and Jeff Gardiner and Robert Davidson (USFS) for review of proposal to locate study sites in Manti-La Sal National Forest. Thanks to Roger Koide and Samuel St. Clair for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the G.A. Harris Graduate Research Instrumentation Fellowship from Decagon Devices, Inc., BYU Graduate Studies Research Fellowship, Rocky Mountain Space Grant Consortium Research Fellowship, and Summer Research Fellowship from the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies. J.B. was supported by the USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programmes. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1006 EP 1016 DI 10.1002/eco.1697 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EC1GC UT WOS:000387851900011 ER PT J AU Franey, DS Brady, AMG Ecker, CD Graham, JL Stelzer, EA Struffolino, P Dwyer, DF Loftin, KA AF Franey, Donna S. Brady, Arnie M. G. Ecker, Christopher D. Graham, Jennifer L. Stelzer, Erin A. Struffolino, Pamela Dwyer, Daryl F. Loftin, Keith A. TI Estimating microcystin levels at recreational sites in western Lake Erie and Ohio SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Cyanobacteria; Microcystin; Models ID REAL-TIME PCR; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA; WATER; PHYTOPLANKTON; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; TOOL; USA AB Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) and associated toxins, such as microcystin, are a major global water-quality issue. Water-resource managers need tools to quickly predict when and where toxin-producing cyanoHABs will occur. This could be done by using site-specific models that estimate the potential for elevated toxin concentrations that cause public health concerns. With this study, samples were collected at three Ohio lakes to identify environmental and water-quality factors to develop linear regression models to estimate microcystin levels. Measures of the algal community (phycocyanin, cyanobacterial biovolume, and cyanobacterial gene concentrations) and pH were most strongly correlated with microcystin concentrations. Cyanobacterial genes were quantified for general cyanobacteria, general Microcystis and Dolichospermum, and for microcystin synthetase (mcyE) for Microcystis, Dolichospermum, and Planktothrix. For phycocyanin, the relations were different between sites and were different between hand-held measurements on-site and nearby continuous monitor measurements for the same site. Continuous measurements of parameters such as phycocyanin, pH, and temperature over multiple days showed the highest correlations to microcystin concentrations. The development of models with high R-2 values (0.81-0.90), sensitivities (92%), and specificities (100%) for estimating microcystin concentrations above or below the Ohio Recreational Public Health Advisory level of 6 mu g L-1 was demonstrated for one site; these statistics may change as more data are collected in subsequent years. This study showed that models could be developed for estimates of exceeding a microcystin threshold concentration at a recreational freshwater lake site, with potential to expand their use to provide relevant public health information to water resource managers and the public for both recreational and drinking waters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Franey, Donna S.; Brady, Arnie M. G.; Ecker, Christopher D.; Stelzer, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.; Loftin, Keith A.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Struffolino, Pamela; Dwyer, Daryl F.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bay Shore Rd, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. RP Franey, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov OI Stelzer, Erin/0000-0001-7645-7603 FU Ohio Water Development Authority; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program FX We gratefully acknowledge the agencies that helped with collecting and compiling data-Clermont County Soil and Water Conservation District, Erie County General Health District, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development. Funding was provided by the Ohio Water Development Authority and the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. [CG] NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD SEP PY 2016 VL 58 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2016.07.003 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DY0MI UT WOS:000384790500004 PM 28073455 ER PT J AU Warwick, PD Ruppert, LF AF Warwick, Peter D. Ruppert, Leslie F. TI Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of coal and carbon dioxide derived from laboratory coal combustion: A preliminary study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY 2015 CL Yogyakarta, INDONESIA SP Soc Organ Petrol DE Coal; Atmospheric coal combustion; Carbon dioxide; Carbon and oxygen isotopes ID STABLE HYDROGEN; CO2; AIR; GEOCHEMISTRY; ABUNDANCES; OXIDATION; GASES; PLANT AB The concentration" of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has dramatically increased from the start of the industrial revolution in the mid-1700s to present levels exceeding 400 ppm. Carbon dioxide derived from fossil fuel combustion is a greenhouse gas and a major contributor to on-going climate change. Carbon and oxygen stable isotope geochemistry is a useful tool to help model and predict the contributions of anthropogenic sources of CO2 in the global carbon cycle. Surprisingly few studies have addressed the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of CO2 derived from coal combustion. The goal of this study is to document the relationships between the carbon and oxygen isotope signatures of coal and signatures of the CO2 produced from laboratory coal combustion in atmospheric conditions. Six coal samples were selected that represent various geologic ages (Carboniferous to Tertiary) and coal ranks (lignite to bituminous). Duplicate splits of the six coal samples were ignited and partially combusted in the laboratory at atmospheric conditions. The resulting coal-combustion gases were collected and the molecular composition of the collected gases and isotopic analyses of delta C-13 of CO2, delta C-13 of CH4, and delta O-18 of CO2 were analysed by a commercial laboratory. Splits (similar to 1 g) of the un-combusted dried ground coal samples were analyzed for delta C-13 and delta O-18 by the U.S. Geological Survey Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory. The major findings of this preliminary work indicate that the isotopic signatures of delta C-13 (relative to the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite scale, VPDB) of CO2 resulting from coal combustion are similar to the delta C-13(VPDB) signature of the bulk coal (-28.46 to -23.86 %.) and are not similar to atmospheric delta C-13(VPDB) of CO2 (similar to -8 %., see http:// www.esrlnoaa.gov/gmd/outreach/isotopes/c13tellsus.html). The 6180 values of bulk coal are strongly correlated to the coal dry ash yields and appear to have little or no influence on the delta O-18 values of CO2 resulting from coal combustion in open atmospheric conditions. There is a wide range of delta C-13 values of coal reported in the literature and the delta C-13 values from this study generally follow reported ranges for higher plants over geologic time. The values of delta O-18 (relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) of CO2 derived from atmospheric combustion of coal and other high-carbon fuels (peat and coal) range from +19.03 to +27.03%o and are similar to atmospheric oxygen delta O-18(vsmow) values which average +23.8L. Further work is needed on a broader set of samples to better define the relationships between coal composition and combustion-derived gases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Warwick, Peter D.; Ruppert, Leslie F.] US Geol Survey, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Warwick, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM pwarwick@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 166 SI SI BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.coa1.2016.06.009 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EC1AN UT WOS:000387836000010 ER PT J AU Stoker, JM Abdullah, QA Nayegandhi, A Winehouse, J AF Stoker, Jason M. Abdullah, Qassim A. Nayegandhi, Amar Winehouse, Jayna TI Evaluation of Single Photon and Geiger Mode Lidar for the 3D Elevation Program SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE lidar; Geiger-mode; single photon AB Data acquired by Harris Corporation's (Melbourne, FL, USA) Geiger-mode IntelliEarth sensor and Sigma Space Corporation's (Lanham-Seabrook, MD, USA) Single Photon HRQLS sensor were evaluated and compared to accepted 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) data and survey ground control to assess the suitability of these new technologies for the 3DEP. While not able to collect data currently to meet USGS lidar base specification, this is partially due to the fact that the specification was written for linear-mode systems specifically. With little effort on part of the manufacturers of the new lidar systems and the USGS Lidar specifications team, data from these systems could soon serve the 3DEP program and its users. Many of the shortcomings noted in this study have been reported to have been corrected or improved upon in the next generation sensors. C1 [Stoker, Jason M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Abdullah, Qassim A.] Woolpert, Arlington, VA 22206 USA. [Nayegandhi, Amar] Dewberry Consultants LLC, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Winehouse, Jayna] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Stoker, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jstoker@usgs.gov; Qassim.Abdullah@woolpert.com; anayegandhi@dewberry.com; jwinehouse@usgs.gov OI Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 9 AR 767 DI 10.3390/rs8090767 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DY9XB UT WOS:000385488000077 ER PT J AU Belkin, HE Rolandi, G Jackson, JC Cannatelli, C Doherty, AL Petrosino, P De Vivo, B AF Belkin, H. E. Rolandi, G. Jackson, J. C. Cannatelli, C. Doherty, A. L. Petrosino, P. De Vivo, B. TI Mineralogy and geochemistry of the older (> 40 ka) ignimbrites on the Campanian Plain, southern Italy SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Campanian plain volcanism; Older ignimbrites; Phenocryst mineralogy; Major; Minor and trace element chemistry ID CAMPI-FLEGREI CALDERA; NEAPOLITAN-YELLOW-TUFF; EASTERN TYRRHENIAN SEA; GRANDE-DI-MONTICCHIO; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; PHLEGREAN FIELDS; EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY; COMPOSITIONAL DATA; PHLEGRAEAN FIELDS; ERUPTIVE DYNAMICS AB The Campanian Plain in southern Italy has been volcanically active for at least the last 300 ka. The Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) erupted at 39.3 ka, has a volume of >= 310 km(3) and a great areal extent. However, significant, but scattered deposits of older ignimbrites underlie the CI and document a long history of volcanism. We examined the mineralogy and geochemistry of 11 older ignimbrite strata by optical petrography, electron microprobe, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and various whole-rock geochemical techniques. We have analyzed strata at Durazzano (116.1 ka), Moschiano (184.7 ka), Seiano Valley (245.9 and 289.6 ka), and Taurano Acqua Feconia (157.4, 183.8, 205.6, and 210.4 ka) that have been previously dated on unaltered sanidine. The older ignimbrites are highly altered with loss on ignition (LOI) that ranges from 17 to 8 wt%. Whole-rock compositions reflect variable element mobility during weathering; e.g., CaO is enriched and Na2O depleted relative to hydration. X-ray diffraction identified major chabazite, kaolinite, and illite alteration products in some samples. Rhabdophane-(Nd), usually intergrown with chabazite and Mn-carbonate, indicates that some LREE were also mobilized during weathering. The phenocryst mineralogy is typical for Campanian Plain (CP) magmas and consists of plagioclase (An(88) Ab(11) Or(1) to An(32) Ab(63) Or(5)), potassium feldspar (Or(40) Ab(57) An(3) to Or(79) Ab(18) An(3)), biotite (TiO2 =similar to 4-7 wt%, BaO = up to 2 wt%, F = up to 2 wt%), diopside (Ca47Mg47Fe6 to Ca48Mg23Fe23), and titaniferous magnetite. Relatively immobile trace elements Zr, Hf, Th, Ta, V, and Nb were used to investigate element abundance and ratio compared to the Campanian Ignimbrite and other CP magmas. Zr/Hf of the older ignimbrites is similar to that of the CI, but Ta is depleted relative to Th and V is enriched compared to Cl. Th/Fa and Nb/V distributions for most of the older ignimbrites are similar to those in the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff with the exception of the sample MS-1 from Moschiano that is more evolved and similar to Campanian ignimbrite. All older ignimbrite Zr/Hf (w/w) and many Nb/Ta (w/w) ratios are superchondritic that suggests that the older ignimbrites represent fractional crystallization products of parental magmas generated from enriched mantle without significant addition of continental crust. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Belkin, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 956,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rolandi, G.; Cannatelli, C.; Doherty, A. L.; Petrosino, P.; De Vivo, B.] Univ Napoli Federico II, DISTAR Dipartimento Sci Terra Ambiente & Risorse, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Jackson, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 954,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Belkin, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 956,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM harveybelkin@gmail.com OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 108 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 323 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.05.002 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB2MY UT WOS:000387197700001 ER PT J AU Singh, S McCord, TB Combe, JP Rodriguez, S Cornet, T Le Mouelic, S Clark, RN Maltagliati, L Chevrier, VF AF Singh, S. McCord, T. B. Combe, J-Ph. Rodriguez, S. Cornet, T. Le Mouelic, S. Clark, R. N. Maltagliati, L. Chevrier, V. F. TI ACETYLENE ON TITAN'S SURFACE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: detection; planets and satellites: surfaces; techniques: spectroscopic ID HUYGENS LANDING SITE; COUPLING PHOTOCHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HAZE FORMATION; ATMOSPHERE; CASSINI/VIMS; SPECTRA; MODEL; HYDROCARBONS; DIACETYLENE AB Titan's atmosphere is opaque in the near-infrared due to gaseous absorptions, mainly by methane, and scattering by aerosols, except in a few "transparency windows." Thus, the composition of Titan's surface remains difficult to access from space and is still poorly constrained. Photochemical models suggest that most of the organic compounds formed in the atmosphere are heavy enough to condense and build up at the surface in liquid and solid states over geological timescales. Acetylene (C2H2) net production in the atmosphere is predicted to be larger than any other compound and C2H2 has been speculated to exist on the surface of Titan. C2H2 was detected as a trace gas sublimated/evaporated from the surface using the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer after the landing of the Huygens probe. Here we show evidence of C2H2 on the surface of Titan by detecting absorption bands at 1.55 and 4.93 mu m using the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer at three different equatorial areas-Tui Regio, eastern Shangri La, and Fensal-Aztlan/Quivira. We found that C2H2 is preferentially detected in lowalbedo areas, such as sand dunes and near the Huygens landing site. The specific location of the v detections suggests that C2H2 is mobilized by surface processes, such as surface weathering by liquids through dissolution/ evaporation processes. C1 [Singh, S.; McCord, T. B.; Combe, J-Ph.] Bear Fight Inst, 22 Fiddlers Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Singh, S.; Chevrier, V. F.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Rodriguez, S.; Maltagliati, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS UMR 7158, Lab Astrophys Instrumentat & Modelisat AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cornet, T.] ESA, ESAC, POB 78, E-28691 Villanueva De La Caada, Madrid, Spain. [Le Mouelic, S.] Univ Nantes, UMR CNRS 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, 2 Rue Houssiniere BP92208, Nantes 3, France. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Bear Fight Inst, 22 Fiddlers Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.; Singh, S (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ssingh@bearfightinstitute.com RI Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; OI Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Le Mouelic, Stephane/0000-0001-5260-1367 FU NASA Cassini mission; NASA outer planet research grant [NNX10AE10G]; UnivEarthS LabEx program of Sorbonne Paris Cite [ANR-10-LABX-0023, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02]; French National Research Agency [ANR-APOSTIC-11-BS56-002, ANR-12-BS05-001-03/EXO-DUNES]; CNES FX We acknowledge funding to support this work from the NASA Cassini mission and NASA outer planet research grant # NNX10AE10G. We also acknowledge financial support from the UnivEarthS LabEx program of Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), the French National Research Agency (ANR-APOSTIC-11-BS56-002 and ANR-12-BS05-001-03/EXO-DUNES), and the CNES. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 55 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/55 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900055 ER PT J AU Divoky, GJ Douglas, DC Stenhouse, IJ AF Divoky, G. J. Douglas, D. C. Stenhouse, I. J. TI Arctic sea ice a major determinant in Mandt's black guillemot movement and distribution during non-breeding season SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seabird; Arctic; sea ice; black guillemot; geolocation AB Mandt's black guillemot (Cepphus grylle mandtii) is one of the few seabirds associated in all seasons with Arctic sea ice, a habitat that is changing rapidly. Recent decreases in summer ice have reduced breeding success and colony size of this species in Arctic Alaska. Little is known about the species' movements and distribution during the nine month non-breeding period (September-May), when changes in sea ice extent and composition are also occurring and predicted to continue. To examine bird movements and the seasonal role of sea ice to non-breeding Mandt's black guillemots, we deployed and recovered (n = 45) geolocators on individuals at a breeding colony in Arctic Alaska during 2011-2015. Black guillemots moved north to the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas immediately after breeding, moved south to the Bering Sea during freeze-up in December, and wintered in the Bering Sea January-April. Most birds occupied the MIZ in regions averaging 30-60% sea ice concentration, with little seasonal variation. Birds regularly roosted on ice in all seasons averaging 5 h d(-1), primarily at night. By using the MIZ, with its roosting opportunities and associated prey, black guillemots can remain in the Arctic during winter when littoral waters are completely covered by ice. C1 [Divoky, G. J.] Friends Cooper Isl, 652 32nd Ave E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Douglas, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK USA. [Stenhouse, I. J.] Biodivers Res Inst, 276 Canco Rd, Portland, ME 04103 USA. RP Divoky, GJ (reprint author), Friends Cooper Isl, 652 32nd Ave E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM divoky@cooperisland.org NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 12 IS 9 AR 20160275 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0275 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EA5GF UT WOS:000386646700029 ER PT J AU Renner, M Salo, S Eisner, LB Ressler, PH Ladd, C Kuletz, KJ Santora, JA Piatt, JF Drew, GS Hunt, GL AF Renner, Martin Salo, Sigrid Eisner, Lisa B. Ressler, Patrick H. Ladd, Carol Kuletz, Kathy J. Santora, Jarrod A. Piatt, John F. Drew, Gary S. Hunt, George L., Jr. TI Timing of ice retreat alters seabird abundances and distributions in the southeast Bering Sea SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate change; sea ice; seabirds at sea; fisheries; zooplankton; walleye pollock ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FUTURE CLIMATE; EASTERN; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; SHELF AB Timing of spring sea-ice retreat shapes the southeast Bering Sea food web. We compared summer seabird densities and average bathymetry depth distributions between years with early (typically warm) and late (typically cold) ice retreat. Averaged over all seabird species, densities in early-ice retreat-years were 10.1% (95% CI: 1.1-47.9%) of that in late-ice-retreat-years. In early-ice-retreat-years, surface-foraging species had increased numbers over the middle shelf (50-150 m) and reduced numbers over the shelf slope (200-500 m). Pursuit-diving seabirds showed a less clear trend. Euphausiids and the copepod Calanus marshallae/glacialis were 2.4 and 18.1 times less abundant in early-ice-retreat-years, respectively, whereas age-0 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus near-surface densities were 51x higher in early-ice-retreat-years. Our results suggest a mechanistic understanding of how present and future changes in sea-ice-retreat timing may affect top predators like seabirds in the southeastern Bering Sea. C1 [Renner, Martin] Tern Again Consulting, 811 Ocean Dr Loop, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Salo, Sigrid; Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Eisner, Lisa B.; Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Piatt, John F.; Drew, Gary S.] US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Renner, M (reprint author), Tern Again Consulting, 811 Ocean Dr Loop, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM ccc4f4b0@opayq.com FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB project) [637, B64, 1408]; BOEM [AK-10-10] FX Funding for the analyses of these data was provided by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB project number-#637, B64, #1408) to G.L.H., M.R., J.S., L.E. and K.J.K., and BOEM AK-10-10 to K.J.K., and represents EcoFOCI contribution #EcoFoci-0865 and PMEL contribution #4465. Support in kind was provided by the University of Washington, the University of California, Santa Cruz, the NOAA Pacific Environmental Laboratory, the NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, the US Geological Survey, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 12 IS 9 AR 20160276 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0276 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EA5GF UT WOS:000386646700027 ER PT J AU Namiki, A Ueno, Y Hurwitz, S Manga, M Munoz-Saez, C Murphy, F AF Namiki, Atsuko Ueno, Yoshinori Hurwitz, Shaul Manga, Michael Munoz-Saez, Carolina Murphy, Fred TI An experimental study of the role of subsurface plumbing on geothermal discharge SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE plumbing system; eruption styles; geyser; fumarole; boiling spring; hot spring ID OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; BUBBLE COLLAPSE; SOLID BOUNDARY; 2-PHASE FLOW; EL TATIO; ERUPTION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; TREMOR AB In order to better understand the diverse discharge styles and eruption intervals observed at geothermal features, we performed three series of laboratory experiments with differing plumbing geometries. A single, straight conduit that connects a hot water bath (flask) to a vent (funnel) can originate geyser-like periodic eruptions, continuous discharge like a boiling spring, and fumarole-like steam discharge, depending on the conduit length and radius. The balance between the heat loss from the conduit walls and the heat supplied from the bottom determines whether and where water can condense which in turn controls discharge style. Next, we connected the conduit to a cold water reservoir through a branch, simulating the inflow from an external water source. Colder water located at a higher elevation than a branching point can flow into the conduit to stop the boiling in the flask, controlling the periodicity of the eruption. When an additional branch is connected to a second cold water reservoir, the two cold reservoirs can interact. Our experiments show that branching allows new processes to occur, such as recharge of colder water and escape of steam from side channels, leading to greater variation in discharge styles and eruption intervals. This model is consistent with the fact that eruption duration is not controlled by emptying reservoirs. We show how differences in plumbing geometries can explain various discharge styles and eruption intervals observed in El Tatio, Chile, and Yellowstone, USA. C1 [Namiki, Atsuko; Ueno, Yoshinori] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Integrated Arts & Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Higashihiroshima, Japan. [Hurwitz, Shaul; Murphy, Fred] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Manga, Michael; Munoz-Saez, Carolina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Namiki, A (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Integrated Arts & Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Higashihiroshima, Japan. EM namiki@hiroshima-u.ac.jp RI Namiki, Atsuko/F-6711-2015 OI Namiki, Atsuko/0000-0002-1321-3780 FU Mitsubishi Foundation [27132]; US NSF [1114184]; [KAKENHI24681035] FX We thank geyser observation team in the El Tatio and Yellowstone, and the native communities of Caspana and Toconce that gave us access to El Tatio. Maxwell L. Rudolph kindly read former version of this manuscript. Eric King provided pictures in Figures 14 and 15, and Supporting Information Movies 5 and 6. Helpful comments by Susan Kieffer, Noah Randolph-Flagg, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. Supporting data are included as six movies any additional data are obtained from AN (e-mail: namiki@hiroshima-u.ac.jp). Financial support was provided by the KAKENHI24681035, the Mitsubishi Foundation 27132, and the US NSF 1114184. The work in Yellowstone National Park was carried out under research permit 5826. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 17 IS 9 BP 3691 EP 3716 DI 10.1002/2016GC006472 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA8ZM UT WOS:000386929500011 ER PT J AU Jochum, KP Weis, U Schwager, B Stoll, B Wilson, SA Haug, GH Andreae, MO Enzweiler, J AF Jochum, Klaus Peter Weis, Ulrike Schwager, Beate Stoll, Brigitte Wilson, Stephen A. Haug, Gerald H. Andreae, Meinrat O. Enzweiler, Jacinta TI Reference Values Following ISO Guidelines for Frequently Requested Rock Reference Materials SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE reference material; reference value; ISO; certification protocol; rock reference materials ID ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION DATA; ENVIRONMENTAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; ASSOCIATION-OF-GEOANALYSTS; MC-ICP-MS; INTERNATIONAL-ASSOCIATION; 1988 COMPILATION; REFERENCE SAMPLES; CERTIFICATION; STANDARDS; FRACTIONATION AB We present new reference values for nineteen USGS, GSJ and GIT-IWG rock reference materials that belong to the most accessed samples of the GeoReM database. The determination of the reference values and their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level follows as closely as possible ISO guidelines and the Certification Protocol of the International Association of Geoanalysts. We used analytical data obtained by the state-of-the-art techniques published mainly in the last 20 years and available in GeoReM. The data are grouped into four categories of different levels of metrological confidence, starting with isotope dilution mass spectrometry as a primary method. Data quality was checked by careful investigation of analytical procedures and by the application of the Horwitz function. As a result, we assign a new and more reliable set of reference values and respective uncertainties for major, minor and a large group of trace elements of the nineteen investigated rock reference materials. C1 [Jochum, Klaus Peter; Weis, Ulrike; Schwager, Beate; Stoll, Brigitte; Andreae, Meinrat O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Jochum, Klaus Peter; Weis, Ulrike; Schwager, Beate; Stoll, Brigitte; Haug, Gerald H.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Climate Geochem Dept, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25016,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Enzweiler, Jacinta] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Geosci, POB 6152, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Jochum, KP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany.; Jochum, KP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Climate Geochem Dept, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM k.jochum@mpic.de RI Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1639-4488 EI 1751-908X J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 40 IS 3 BP 333 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2015.00392.x PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA4JB UT WOS:000386576600003 ER PT J AU Westhoff, JT Rosenberger, AE AF Westhoff, J. T. Rosenberger, A. E. TI A global review of freshwater crayfish temperature tolerance, preference, and optimal growth SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Thermal ecology; Temperature preference; Temperature tolerance; Optimal growth; Acclimation; Crayfish ID DETERMINING THERMAL TOLERANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; UNITED-STATES; CHERAX-QUADRICARINATUS; HEAT-TOLERANCE; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; PARANEPHROPS-ZEALANDICUS; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS AB Conservation efforts, environmental planning, and management must account for ongoing ecosystem alteration due to a changing climate, introduced species, and shifting land use. This type of management can be facilitated by an understanding of the thermal ecology of aquatic organisms. However, information on thermal ecology for entire taxonomic groups is rarely compiled or summarized, and reviews of the science can facilitate its advancement. Crayfish are one of the most globally threatened taxa, and ongoing declines and extirpation could have serious consequences on aquatic ecosystem function due to their significant biomass and ecosystem roles. Our goal was to review the literature on thermal ecology for freshwater crayfish worldwide, with emphasis on studies that estimated temperature tolerance, temperature preference, or optimal growth. We also explored relationships between temperature metrics and species distributions. We located 56 studies containing information for at least one of those three metrics, which covered approximately 6 % of extant crayfish species worldwide. Information on one or more metrics existed for all 3 genera of Astacidae, 4 of the 12 genera of Cambaridae, and 3 of the 15 genera of Parastacidae. Investigations employed numerous methodological approaches for estimating these parameters, which restricts comparisons among and within species. The only statistically significant relationship we observed between a temperature metric and species range was a negative linear relationship between absolute latitude and optimal growth temperature. We recommend expansion of studies examining the thermal ecology of freshwater crayfish and identify and discuss methodological approaches that can improve standardization and comparability among studies. C1 [Westhoff, J. T.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rosenberger, A. E.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Westhoff, J. T.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Cent Reg Off, 3500 E Gans Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Westhoff, J. T.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Conservat Res Ctr, 3500 E Gans Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Westhoff, JT (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, Cent Reg Off, 3500 E Gans Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.; Westhoff, JT (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, Conservat Res Ctr, 3500 E Gans Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM Jacob.Westhoff@mdc.mo.gov FU Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, produce or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank D. Magoulick and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. NR 132 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 BP 329 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s11160-016-9430-5 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EA3NA UT WOS:000386508400005 ER PT J AU Lorenzen, K Cowx, IG Entsua-Mensah, REM Lester, NP Koehn, JD Randall, RG So, N Bonar, SA Bunnell, DB Venturelli, P Bower, SD Cooke, SJ AF Lorenzen, K. Cowx, I. G. Entsua-Mensah, R. E. M. Lester, N. P. Koehn, J. D. Randall, R. G. So, N. Bonar, S. A. Bunnell, D. B. Venturelli, P. Bower, S. D. Cooke, S. J. TI Stock assessment in inland fisheries: a foundation for sustainable use and conservation SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Assessment tools; Fisheries management; Inland fisheries; Sustainable fisheries ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; POTENTIAL FISH PRODUCTION; FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; MURRAY-DARLING BASIN; DATA-POOR FISHERIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORY; LAKE WHITEFISH; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES AB Fisheries stock assessments are essential for science-based fisheries management. Inland fisheries pose challenges, but also provide opportunities for biological assessments that differ from those encountered in large marine fisheries for which many of our assessment methods have been developed. These include the number and diversity of fisheries, high levels of ecological and environmental variation, and relative lack of institutional capacity for assessment. In addition, anthropogenic impacts on habitats, widespread presence of non-native species and the frequent use of enhancement and restoration measures such as stocking affect stock dynamics. This paper outlines various stock assessment and data collection approaches that can be adapted to a wide range of different inland fisheries and management challenges. Although this paper identifies challenges in assessment, it focuses on solutions that are practical, scalable and transferrable. A path forward is suggested in which biological assessment generates some of the critical information needed by fisheries managers to make effective decisions that benefit the resource and stakeholders. C1 [Lorenzen, K.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resource & Conservat, Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cowx, I. G.] Univ Hull, Hull Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England. [Entsua-Mensah, R. E. M.] CSIR, Water Res Inst, Accra, Ghana. [Lester, N. P.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Sci & Res Branch, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Koehn, J. D.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Appl Aquat Ecol, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia. [Randall, R. G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Canadian Ctr Inland Waters, Great Lakes Lab Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON, Canada. [So, N.] Mekong River Commiss, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Bonar, S. A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ USA. [Bunnell, D. B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Venturelli, P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bower, S. D.; Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Bower, S. D.; Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada.; Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM Steven.Cooke@carleton.ca FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Canada Research Chairs program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Carleton University; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council via the Too Big to Ignore Network FX This paper evolved from the discussions at the Biological Assessment Panel of the UN FAO/Michigan State University World Inland Fisheries Conference. We acknowledge the vision of William Taylor, Devin Bartley and other members of the organizing committee in putting this meeting together. Lorenzen is partially supported by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Cooke is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Carleton University. Cooke and Bower are further supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council via the Too Big to Ignore Network. This article is Contribution 2049 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 250 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 BP 405 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s11160-016-9435-0 PG 36 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EA3NA UT WOS:000386508400008 ER PT J AU Hansen, MJ Madenjian, CP Slade, JW Steeves, TB Almeida, PR Quintella, BR AF Hansen, Michael J. Madenjian, Charles P. Slade, Jeffrey W. Steeves, Todd B. Almeida, Pedro R. Quintella, Bernardo R. TI Population ecology of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) as an invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and an imperiled species in Europe SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Sea lamprey; Population ecology; Management; Conservation ID SOUTH SWEDISH STREAM; LAMPETRA-FLUVIATILIS; HABITAT SELECTION; LARVAL LAMPREYS; NORTH-AMERICAN; BROOK LAMPREY; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; POTENTIAL APPLICATION; RECRUITMENT DYNAMICS; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE AB The sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus (Linnaeus) is both an invasive non-native species in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America and an imperiled species in much of its native range in North America and Europe. To compare and contrast how understanding of population ecology is useful for control programs in the Great Lakes and restoration programs in Europe, we review current understanding of the population ecology of the sea lamprey in its native and introduced range. Some attributes of sea lamprey population ecology are particularly useful for both control programs in the Great Lakes and restoration programs in the native range. First, traps within fish ladders are beneficial for removing sea lampreys in Great Lakes streams and passing sea lampreys in the native range. Second, attractants and repellants are suitable for luring sea lampreys into traps for control in the Great Lakes and guiding sea lamprey passage for conservation in the native range. Third, assessment methods used for targeting sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes are useful for targeting habitat protection in the native range. Last, assessment methods used to quantify numbers of all life stages of sea lampreys would be appropriate for measuring success of control in the Great Lakes and success of conservation in the native range. C1 [Hansen, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Steeves, Todd B.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, 1219 Queen St East, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Almeida, Pedro R.] Univ Evora, Dept Biol, Escola Ciencias & Tecnol, MARE Ctr Ciencias Mar & Ambiente, P-7004516 Evora, Portugal. [Quintella, Bernardo R.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Biol Anim, Fac Ciencias, MARE Ctr Ciencias Mar & Ambiente, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Hansen, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM michaelhansen@usgs.gov; cmadenjian@usgs.gov; 17slade17@gmail.com; Mike.Steeves@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; pmra@uevora.pt; bsquintella@fc.ul.pt OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876; Almeida, Pedro/0000-0002-2776-5420 NR 232 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 32 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 BP 509 EP 535 DI 10.1007/s11160-016-9440-3 PG 27 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EA3NA UT WOS:000386508400012 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Cole, JC Schmid, M AF Maloney, K. O. Cole, J. C. Schmid, M. TI Predicting Thermally Stressful Events in Rivers with a Strategy to Evaluate Management Alternatives SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE river temperature; bias-reduced generalized linear model; thermally stressful event; fish ID WATER TEMPERATURE; STREAM TEMPERATURES; DELAWARE RIVER; FLOW SCENARIOS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIME; DAM; FISH; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES AB Water temperature is an important factor in river ecology. Numerous models have been developed to predict river temperature. However, many were not designed to predict thermally stressful periods. Because such events are rare, traditionally applied analyses are inappropriate. Here, we developed two logistic regression models to predict thermally stressful events in the Delaware River at the US Geological Survey gage near Lordville, New York. One model predicted the probability of an event >20.0 degrees C, and a second predicted an event >22.2 degrees C. Both models were strong (independent test data sensitivity 0.94 and 1.00, specificity 0.96 and 0.96) predicting 63 of 67 events in the >20.0 degrees C model and all 15 events in the >22.2 degrees C model. Both showed negative relationships with released volume from the upstream Cannonsville Reservoir and positive relationships with difference between air temperature and previous day's water temperature at Lordville. We further predicted how increasing release volumes from Cannonsville Reservoir affected the probabilities of correctly predicted events. For the >20.0 degrees C model, an increase of 0.5 to a proportionally adjusted release (that accounts for other sources) resulted in 35.9% of events in the training data falling below cutoffs; increasing this adjustment by 1.0 resulted in 81.7% falling below cutoffs. For the >22.2 degrees C these adjustments resulted in 71.1% and 100.0% of events falling below cutoffs. Results from these analyses can help managers make informed decisions on alternative release scenarios. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Maloney, K. O.; Cole, J. C.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Schmid, M.] Univ Bonn, Dept Med Biometry, Bonn, Germany. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM kmaloney@usgs.gov FU US Department of the Interior's WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) Program; US Geological Survey's National Water Census FX Support for this project was provided by the US Department of the Interior's WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) Program and the US Geological Survey's National Water Census. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1428 EP 1437 DI 10.1002/rra.2998 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DW5SF UT WOS:000383706500002 ER PT J AU Hatten, JR Batt, TR Skalicky, JJ Engle, R Barton, GJ Fosness, RL Warren, J AF Hatten, J. R. Batt, T. R. Skalicky, J. J. Engle, R. Barton, G. J. Fosness, R. L. Warren, J. TI Effects of Dam Removal on Tule Fall Chinook salmon Spawning Habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dam breach; Chinook salmon; White Salmon River; GIS; habitat ID ELWHA RIVER; SCALE; COLUMBIA; FLOW; RUN AB Condit Dam is one of the largest hydroelectric dams ever removed in the USA. Breached in a single explosive event in October 2011, hundreds-of-thousands of cubic metres of sediment washed down the White Salmon River onto spawning grounds of a threatened species, Columbia River tule fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. We investigated over a 3-year period (2010-2012) how dam breaching affected channel morphology, river hydraulics, sediment composition and tule fall Chinook salmon (hereafter tule salmon') spawning habitat in the lower 1.7km of the White Salmon River (project area). As expected, dam breaching dramatically affected channel morphology and spawning habitat due to a large load of sediment released from Northwestern Lake. Forty-two per cent of the project area that was previously covered in water was converted into islands or new shoreline, while a large pool near the mouth filled with sediments and a delta formed at the mouth. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model revealed that pool area decreased 68.7% in the project area, while glides and riffles increased 659% and 530%, respectively. A spatially explicit habitat model found the mean probability of spawning habitat increased 46.2% after dam breaching due to an increase in glides and riffles. Shifting channels and bank instability continue to negatively affect some spawning habitat as sediments continue to wash downstream from former Northwestern Lake, but 300m of new spawning habitat (river kilometre 0.6 to 0.9) that formed immediately post-breach has persisted into 2015. Less than 10% of tule salmon have spawned upstream of the former dam site to date, but the run sizes appear healthy and stable. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Hatten, J. R.; Batt, T. R.; Warren, J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Skalicky, J. J.; Engle, R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA USA. [Barton, G. J.; Fosness, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. RP Hatten, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jhatten@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Science Support Partnership (SSP) FX The U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Science Support Partnership (SSP) funded this project through research needs identified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not represent the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We also thank six anonymous reviewers for providing useful comments that greatly improved this paper, and Doug Olson for supporting this work. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 23 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1481 EP 1492 DI 10.1002/rra.2982 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DW5SF UT WOS:000383706500006 ER PT J AU Allen, Y AF Allen, Y. TI Landscape Scale Assessment of Floodplain Inundation Frequency Using Landsat Imagery SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE inundation; frequency; Landsat; landscape; remote sensing; floodplain ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WETLAND INUNDATION; LOUISIANA SWAMP; FLOW REGIME; TM DATA; FISH; CONNECTIVITY; GROWTH; MODELS; SITES AB In large river ecosystems, the timing, extent, duration and frequency of floodplain inundation greatly affect the quality of fish and wildlife habitat and the supply of important ecosystem goods and services. Seasonal high flows provide connectivity from the river to the floodplain, and seasonal inundation of the floodplain governs ecosystem structure and function. River regulation and other forms of hydrologic alteration have altered the connectivity of many rivers with their adjacent floodplain - impacting the function of wetlands on the floodplain and in turn, impacting the mainstem river function. Conservation and management of remaining floodplain resources can be improved through a better understanding of the spatial extent and frequency of inundation at scales that are relevant to the species and/or ecological processes of interest. Spatial data products describing dynamic aspects floodplain inundation are, however, not widely available. This study used Landsat imagery to generate multiple observations of inundation extent under varying hydrologic conditions to estimate inundation frequency. Inundation extent was estimated for 50 Landsat scenes and 1334 total images within the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GCPO LCC), a conservation science partnership working in a 730000-km(2) region in the south central USA. These data were composited into a landscape mosaic to depict relative inundation frequency over the entire GCPO LCC. An analytical methodology is presented for linking the observed inundation extent and frequency with long-term gage measurements so that the outcomes may be useful in defining meaningful critical thresholds for a variety of floodplain dependent organisms as well as important ecological processes. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA C1 [Allen, Y.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 243 Parker Coliseum, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Allen, Y (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 243 Parker Coliseum, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM yvonne_allen@fws.gov FU Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX This project was supported by the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Thoughtful reviews provided by R. Keim, M. Osland, N. Enwright, M. Mitchell and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1609 EP 1620 DI 10.1002/rra.2987 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DW5SF UT WOS:000383706500017 ER PT J AU Nauman, TW Duniway, MC AF Nauman, Travis W. Duniway, Michael C. TI The Automated Reference Toolset: A Soil-Geomorphic Ecological Potential Matching Algorithm SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GUIDE FOREST RESTORATION; TRANSITION MODELS; LAND MANAGEMENT; SEMIAUTOMATED DISAGGREGATION; CLASSIFICATION TREES; SONORAN DESERT; MAP UNITS; FRAMEWORK; EVOLUTION AB Ecological inventory and monitoring data need referential context for interpretation. Identification of appropriate reference areas of similar ecological potential for site comparison is demonstrated using a newly developed automated reference toolset (ART). Foundational to identification of reference areas was a soil map of particle size in the control section (PSCS), a theme in US Soil Taxonomy. A 30-m resolution PSCS map of the Colorado Plateau (366,000 km(2)) was created by interpolating similar to 5000 field soil observations using a random forest model and a suite of raster environmental spatial layers representing topography, climate, general ecological community, and satellite imagery ratios. The PSCS map had overall out of bag accuracy of 61.8% (Kappa of 0.54, p < 0.0001), and an independent validation accuracy of 93.2% at a set of 356 field plots along the southern edge of Canyonlands National Park, Utah. The ART process was also tested at these plots, and matched plots with the same ecological sites (ESs) 67% of the time where sites fell within 2-km buffers of each other. These results show that the PSCS and ART have strong application for ecological monitoring and sampling design, as well as assessing impacts of disturbance and land management action using an ecological potential framework. Results also demonstrate that PSCS could be a key mapping layer for the USDA-NRCS provisional ES development initiative. C1 [Nauman, Travis W.; Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Nauman, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM tnauman@usgs.gov OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Sciences Program; Ecosystem Mission Area FX Funding for this work was provided by the US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Sciences Program and Ecosystem Mission Area. We thank Keith Crossman, Mark Miller, and Jamin Johanson for providing data and input on soil-ecological relationships. We acknowledge the work and persistence of the National Collaborative Soil Survey field soil scientists represented in the NASIS dataset, and thank the USDA-NRCS National Soil Survey-Geospatial Research Unit at West Virginia University for providing access to NASIS. We thank Sharon Waltman, Henry Ferguson, and Skye Wills of the USDA-NRCS for their guidance in working with the NASIS database snapshot. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1328 DI 10.2136/sssaj2016.05.0151 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA EA2YQ UT WOS:000386463900019 ER PT J AU Kronholm, SC Capel, PD AF Kronholm, Scott C. Capel, Paul D. TI Estimation of time-variable fast flow path chemical concentrations for application in tracer-based hydrograph separation analyses SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrograph separation; base flow separation; mixing model; high-frequency water quality data; time-variable end-member concentration ID MODELING STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; SOILWATER END-MEMBERS; WATER CHEMISTRY; BASEFLOW INDEX; NITRATE FLUXES; MIXING MODELS; STORM RUNOFF; RIVER-BASIN; CATCHMENT; USA AB Mixing models are a commonly used method for hydrograph separation, but can be hindered by the subjective choice of the end-member tracer concentrations. This work tests a new variant of mixing model that uses high-frequency measures of two tracers and streamflow to separate total streamflow into water from slowflow and fastflow sources. The ratio between the concentrations of the two tracers is used to create a time-variable estimate of the concentration of each tracer in the fastflow end-member. Multiple synthetic data sets, and data from two hydrologically diverse streams, are used to test the performance and limitations of the new model (two-tracer ratio-based mixing model: TRaMM). When applied to the synthetic streams under many different scenarios, the TRaMM produces results that were reasonable approximations of the actual values of fastflow discharge (0.1% of maximum fastflow) and fastflow tracer concentrations (9.5% and 16% of maximum fastflow nitrate concentration and specific conductance, respectively). With real stream data, the TRaMM produces high-frequency estimates of slowflow and fastflow discharge that align with expectations for each stream based on their respective hydrologic settings. The use of two tracers with the TRaMM provides an innovative and objective approach for estimating high-frequency fastflow concentrations and contributions of fastflow water to the stream. This provides useful information for tracking chemical movement to streams and allows for better selection and implementation of water quality management strategies. C1 [Kronholm, Scott C.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Kronholm, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kron0108@umn.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program; University of Minnesota Water Resources Science program FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program and the University of Minnesota Water Resources Science program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Synthetic data sets and new code used in this paper are available in the supporting information, supporting information data sets S1-S3. The data and other information used to support this work can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F71R6NMQ. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 52 IS 9 BP 6881 EP 6896 DI 10.1002/2016WR018797 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EA9QC UT WOS:000386977900010 ER PT J AU Kennedy, J Ferre, TPA Creutzfeldt, B AF Kennedy, Jeffrey Ferre, Ty P. A. Creutzfeldt, Benjamin TI Time-lapse gravity data for monitoring and modeling artificial recharge through a thick unsaturated zone SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gravity; microgravity; time-lapse gravity; hydrogeophysics; artificial recharge ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STORAGE CHANGE; WATER STORAGE; MODFLOW-UZF; AQUIFERS; STABILITY AB Groundwater-level measurements in monitoring wells or piezometers are the most common, and often the only, hydrologic measurements made at artificial recharge facilities. Measurements of gravity change over time provide an additional source of information about changes in groundwater storage, infiltration, and for model calibration. We demonstrate that for an artificial recharge facility with a deep groundwater table, gravity data are more sensitive to movement of water through the unsaturated zone than are groundwater levels. Groundwater levels have a delayed response to infiltration, change in a similar manner at many potential monitoring locations, and are heavily influenced by high-frequency noise induced by pumping; in contrast, gravity changes start immediately at the onset of infiltration and are sensitive to water in the unsaturated zone. Continuous gravity data can determine infiltration rate, and the estimate is only minimally affected by uncertainty in water-content change. Gravity data are also useful for constraining parameters in a coupled groundwater-unsaturated zone model (Modflow-NWT model with the Unsaturated Zone Flow (UZF) package). C1 [Kennedy, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kennedy, Jeffrey; Ferre, Ty P. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Creutzfeldt, Benjamin] Senate Dept Urban Dev & Environm, Berlin, Germany. RP Kennedy, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jkennedy@usgs.gov FU USGS Groundwater Resources Program; NSF [EAR-1246619]; Arizona Water, Environmental, and Energy Solutions program FX The project was made possible by the helpful cooperation of Tucson Water, and in particular Dick Thompson. Their continued assistance with this and other projects has made the Avra Valley recharge facilities world-class research sites. Instrumentation loans by GWR Instruments, Inc., Micro-g Lacoste, Inc., and the German Research Centre for Geosciences are gratefully acknowledged. Dan Winester, National Geodetic Survey, provided FG-5 absolute gravity measurements. Dan Trail and Robert Hull assisted with field work. The project was supported by the USGS Groundwater Resources Program, NSF grant EAR-1246619 and the Arizona Water, Environmental, and Energy Solutions program. Donald Pool and Bruce Gungle, USGS, provided helpful comments on a draft version of the paper, as did anonymous journal reviewers. Data and models presented in the paper are available at http://go.usa.gov/cPnhd. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 52 IS 9 BP 7244 EP 7261 DI 10.1002/2016WR018770 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EA9QC UT WOS:000386977900031 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Roche, JW Forrester, H Moore, C Keenan, E Perry, G Cristea, N Henn, B Lapo, K McGurk, B Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD AF Lundquist, Jessica D. Roche, James W. Forrester, Harrison Moore, Courtney Keenan, Eric Perry, Gwyneth Cristea, Nicoleta Henn, Brian Lapo, Karl McGurk, Bruce Cayan, Daniel R. Dettinger, Michael D. TI Yosemite Hydroclimate Network: Distributed stream and atmospheric data for the Tuolumne River watershed and surroundings SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE streamflow ID SIERRA-NEVADA; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; RATING CURVES; UNITED-STATES; SNOW COVER; CALIFORNIA; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; BASIN; SYSTEM AB Regions of complex topography and remote wilderness terrain have spatially varying patterns of temperature and streamflow, but due to inherent difficulties of access, are often very poorly sampled. Here we present a data set of distributed stream stage, streamflow, stream temperature, barometric pressure, and air temperature from the Tuolumne River Watershed in Yosemite National Park, Sierra Nevada, California, USA, for water years 2002-2015, as well as a quality-controlled hourly meteorological forcing time series for use in hydrologic modeling. We also provide snow data and daily inflow to the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir for 1970-2015. This paper describes data collected using low-visibility and low-impact installations for wilderness locations and can be used alone or as a critical supplement to ancillary data sets collected by cooperating agencies, referenced herein. This data set provides a unique opportunity to understand spatial patterns and scaling of hydroclimatic processes in complex terrain and can be used to evaluate downscaling techniques or distributed modeling. The paper also provides an example methodology and lessons learned in conducting hydroclimatic monitoring in remote wilderness. C1 [Lundquist, Jessica D.; Keenan, Eric; Perry, Gwyneth; Cristea, Nicoleta; Henn, Brian; Lapo, Karl] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Roche, James W.; Forrester, Harrison] Natl Pk Serv, Yosemite, CA USA. [Moore, Courtney] Northwest Hydraul Consultants, Seattle, WA USA. [McGurk, Bruce] McGurk Hydrol, Orinda, CA USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Reno, NV USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jdlund@u.washington.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0729830]; NASA [NNX15AB29G] FX The installation, maintenance, and quality-control of these sites and data have involved the work of many dedicated individuals. In addition to the coauthors we thank Brian Huggett, Larry Riddle, Heidi Roop, Josh Baccei, Julia Dettinger, Fred Lott, Andrey Shcherbina, Steve Loheide, Chris Lowrey, Douglas Alden, Edwin Sumargo, Reuben Demirdjian, and many more. Funding for data processing, and hence this publication, came from the National Science Foundation, CBET-0729830, and NASA Grant-NNX15AB29G. All data are currently available here, http://depts.washington.edu/mtnhydr/data/yosemite.shtml, and at CUAHSI (http://data.cuahi.org), and are permanently housed in the University of Washington Research Works Archive at http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35957. The solar radiation data time series were quality controlled using the code provided here, https://github.com/Mountain-Hydrology-Research-Group/moq, and the shortwave interpolation algorithm is available here, https://github.com/klapo/shin. We thank Jerome Le Coz for help setting up BaRatin and applying it to our sites. The code for BaRatin can be obtained by contacting Jerome Le Coz, as detailed in Le Coz et al. [2014]. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 52 IS 9 BP 7478 EP 7489 DI 10.1002/2016WR019261 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EA9QC UT WOS:000386977900043 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Qi, HP AF Coplen, Tyler B. Qi, Haiping TI A revision in hydrogen isotopic composition of USGS42 and USGS43 human-hair stable isotopic reference materials for forensic science SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen isotopes; Keratin ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NONEXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; OXYGEN; KERATIN; DELTA-H-2 AB The hydrogen isotopic composition (delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP)) of USGS42 and USGS43 human hair stable isotopic reference materials, normalized to the VSMOW (Vienna-Standard Mean Ocean Water)-SLAP (Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale, was originally determined with a high temperature conversion technique using an elemental analyzer (TC/EA) with a glassy carbon tube and glassy carbon filling and analysis by isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). However, the TC/EA IRMS method can produce inaccurate delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) results when analyzing nitrogen-bearing organic substances owing to the formation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), leading to non-quantitative conversion of a sample intomolecular hydrogen (H-2) for IRMS analysis. A single-oven, chromium-filled, elemental analyzer (Cr-EA) coupled to an IRMS substantially improves the measurement quality and reliability of hydrogen isotopic analysis of hydrogen-and nitrogen-bearing organic material because hot chromium scavenges all reactive elements except hydrogen. USGS42 and USGS43 human hair isotopic reference materials have been analyzed with the Cr-EA IRMS method, and the delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values of their non-exchangeable hydrogen fractions have been revised: USGS42(Tibetan Hair) delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) = -72.9 +/- 2.2mUr (n=6) USGS43(Indian Hair) delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) = -44.4 +/- 2.0mUr (n=6) where mUr = 0.001 = %. On average, these revised d2HVSMOW-SLAP values are 5.7 mUr more positive than those previously measured. It is critical that readers pay attention to the delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) of isotopic reference materials in publications as they may need to adjust the delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) measurement results of human hair in previous publications to ensure all results are on the same isotope-delta scale. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.; Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX This manuscript has benefited from helpful reviews by Dr. Christine France (Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute, Suitland, Maryland, USA) and two anonymous reviewers. We thank Drs. L. I. Wassenaar (International Atomic Energy Agency), K. Hobson (Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada), and G. Koehler (Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada) for helpful discussions about isotopic analysis of keratins. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 266 BP 222 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.05.029 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA EA1EF UT WOS:000386334600052 PM 27344261 ER PT J AU Creswell, JE Carter, A Chen, B DeWild, J Fajon, V Rattonetti, A Saffari, M Tsui, MTK Zivkovic, I Braaten, HFV AF Creswell, Joel E. Carter, Annie Chen, Bin DeWild, John Fajon, Vesna Rattonetti, Anthony Saffari, Mark Tsui, Martin Tsz-Ki Zivkovic, Igor Braaten, Hans Fredrik Veiteberg TI Assessing bias in total mercury results after removing a subsample from the bottle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Total mercury; sample preparation; analysis; interlaboratory comparison; oxidation method; bromine monochloride ID SPECIATION; STORAGE; PRESERVATION; SEAWATER; WATER AB U.S. EPA Method 1631 for total mercury (THg) analysis in water recommends that bromine monochloride (BrCl) be added to the original bottle in which the sample was collected, to draw into solution any Hg that may have adsorbed to the bottle walls. The method also allows for the removal of a subsample of water from the sample bottle for methylmercury (MeHg) analysis prior to adding BrCl. We have demonstrated that the removal of a subsample from the sample bottle prior to THg analysis can result in a positive concentration bias. The proposed mechanism for the bias is that 'excess' inorganic Hg, derived from the subsample that was removed from the bottle, adsorbs to the bottle walls and is then drawn into solution when BrCl is added. To test for this bias, we conducted an interlaboratory comparison study in which nine laboratories analysed water samples in fluorinated polyethylene (FLPE) bottles for THg after removing a subsample from the sample bottle, and analysed a replicate sample bottle from which no subsample was removed. We received seven complete data sets, or 63 unique sample pairs. The positive concentration bias between the bottles was significant when comparing all samples in aggregate (1.76 +/- 0.53 ng/L after subsample removal, 1.57 +/- 0.58 ng/L with no subsample removal, P < 0.05), however when comparing each of the three samples individually, the only significant bias was in the saline sample (Site UJ; 1.51 +/- 0.31 ng/L after subsample removal, 1.32 +/- 0.47 ng/L with no subsample removal, P < 0.05). Based on the findings presented here, we conclude that water chemistry, volume of water poured off, and the sample storage temperature explain some but not all of the observed bias, and we recommend collecting THg and MeHg samples in separate bottles whenever possible. C1 [Creswell, Joel E.] Brooks Rand Instruments, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Carter, Annie] Brooks Appl Labs, Bothell, WA USA. [Chen, Bin] PS Analyt Ltd, Orpington, England. [DeWild, John] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. [Fajon, Vesna; Zivkovic, Igor] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Rattonetti, Anthony] San Francisco PUC, Southeast Lab, San Francisco, CA USA. [Saffari, Mark] Environm Canada PYLET, Chem Sect, N Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Tsui, Martin Tsz-Ki] Univ North Carolina Greensboro, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC USA. [Braaten, Hans Fredrik Veiteberg] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Oslo, Norway. [Creswell, Joel E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Creswell, JE (reprint author), Brooks Rand Instruments, Seattle, WA 98107 USA.; Creswell, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM creswell.joel@epa.gov RI Zivkovic, Igor/L-3763-2016 OI Zivkovic, Igor/0000-0003-1774-1203 FU Research Council of Norway [243644] FX This work was supported by The Research Council of Norway [Grant Number 243644]. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 EI 1029-0397 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1038 EP 1047 DI 10.1080/03067319.2016.1221405 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DX7HD UT WOS:000384556600003 ER PT J AU Morrissey, EM Mau, RL Schwartz, E Caporaso, JG Dijkstra, P van Gestel, N Koch, BJ Liu, CM Hayer, M McHugh, TA Marks, JC Price, LB Hungate, BA AF Morrissey, Ember M. Mau, Rebecca L. Schwartz, Egbert Caporaso, J. Gregory Dijkstra, Paul van Gestel, Natasja Koch, Benjamin J. Liu, Cindy M. Hayer, Michaela McHugh, Theresa A. Marks, Jane C. Price, Lance B. Hungate, Bruce A. TI Phylogenetic organization of bacterial activity SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; DECOMPOSITION; TRAITS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; INPUTS AB Phylogeny is an ecologically meaningful way to classify plants and animals, as closely related taxa frequently have similar ecological characteristics, functional traits and effects on ecosystem processes. For bacteria, however, phylogeny has been argued to be an unreliable indicator of an organism's ecology owing to evolutionary processes more common to microbes such as gene loss and lateral gene transfer, as well as convergent evolution. Here we use advanced stable isotope probing with C-13 and O-18 to show that evolutionary history has ecological significance for in situ bacterial activity. Phylogenetic organization in the activity of bacteria sets the stage for characterizing the functional attributes of bacterial taxonomic groups. Connecting identity with function in this way will allow scientists to begin building a mechanistic understanding of how bacterial community composition regulates critical ecosystem functions. C1 [Morrissey, Ember M.; Mau, Rebecca L.; Schwartz, Egbert; Caporaso, J. Gregory; Dijkstra, Paul; van Gestel, Natasja; Koch, Benjamin J.; Hayer, Michaela; McHugh, Theresa A.; Marks, Jane C.; Hungate, Bruce A.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Schwartz, Egbert; Caporaso, J. Gregory; Dijkstra, Paul; Marks, Jane C.; Hungate, Bruce A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Caporaso, J. Gregory; Liu, Cindy M.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Liu, Cindy M.; Price, Lance B.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Ctr Microbi & Human Hlth, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Liu, Cindy M.; Price, Lance B.] George Washington Univ, Milken Inst Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Morrissey, Ember M.] West Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Agr Sci Bldg,POB 6108, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [McHugh, Theresa A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Morrissey, EM (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Agr Sci Bldg,POB 6108, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ember.morrissey@mail.wvu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1124078, DEB-1321792]; Department of Energy's Biological Systems Science Division, Program in Genomic Science FX This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (EAR-1124078 and DEB-1321792) and the Department of Energy's Biological Systems Science Division, Program in Genomic Science. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 17 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 9 BP 2336 EP 2340 DI 10.1038/ismej.2016.28 PG 5 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA EA5MK UT WOS:000386664600023 PM 26943624 ER PT J AU Paxton, EH Camp, RJ Gorresen, PM Crampton, LH Leonard, DL VanderWerf, EA AF Paxton, Eben H. Camp, Richard J. Gorresen, P. Marcos Crampton, Lisa H. Leonard, David L., Jr. VanderWerf, Eric A. TI Collapsing avian community on a Hawaiian island SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID BORNE DISEASES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIRDS; MALARIA; KAUAI; CONSERVATION; ELEPAIO; ALAKAI AB (T)he viability of many species has been jeopardized by numerous negative factors over the centuries, but climate change is predicted to accelerate and increase the pressure of many of these threats, leading to extinctions. The Hawaiian honeycreepers, famous for their spectacular adaptive radiation, are predicted to experience negative responses to climate change, given their susceptibility to introduced disease, the strong linkage of disease distribution to climatic conditions, and their current distribution. We document the rapid collapse of the native avifauna on the island of Kaua'i that corresponds to changes in climate and disease prevalence. Although multiple factors may be pressuring the community, we suggest that a tipping point has been crossed in which temperatures in forest habitats at high elevations have reached a threshold that facilitates the development of avian malaria and its vector throughout these species' ranges. Continued incursion of invasive weeds and non-native avian competitors may be facilitated by climate change and could also contribute to declines. If current rates of decline continue, we predict multiple extinctions in the coming decades. Kaua'i represents an early warning for the forest bird communities on the Maui and Hawai'i islands, as well as other species around the world that are trapped within a climatic space that is rapidly disappearing. C1 [Paxton, Eben H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Camp, Richard J.; Gorresen, P. Marcos] Univ Hawai, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Crampton, Lisa H.] Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Hanapepe, HI 96716 USA. [Crampton, Lisa H.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Leonard, David L., Jr.] Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [VanderWerf, Eric A.] Pacific Rim Conservat, Honolulu, HI 96839 USA. [Leonard, David L., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Paxton, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM epaxton@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 2 IS 9 AR e1600029 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1600029 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DW6CQ UT WOS:000383734400006 ER PT J AU Tinner, W Vescovi, E van Leeuwen, JFN Colombaroli, D Henne, PD Kaltenrieder, P Morales-Molino, C Beffa, G Gnaegi, B van der Knaap, WO La Mantia, T Pasta, S AF Tinner, Willy Vescovi, Elisa van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F. N. Colombaroli, Daniele Henne, Paul D. Kaltenrieder, Petra Morales-Molino, Cesar Beffa, Giorgia Gnaegi, Bettina van der Knaap, W. O. La Mantia, Tommaso Pasta, Salvatore TI Holocene vegetation and fire history of the mountains of Northern Sicily (Italy) SO VEGETATION HISTORY AND ARCHAEOBOTANY LA English DT Article DE Pollen; Macrofossils; Charcoal; Mediterranean; Climate change; Fagus sylvatica; Abies nebrodensis ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE; NEOLITHIC TRANSITION; COASTAL LAKE; SEA-SURFACE; EUROPE; POLLEN; RESPONSES; CHARCOAL; DYNAMICS AB Knowledge about vegetation and fire history of the mountains of Northern Sicily is scanty. We analysed five sites to fill this gap and used terrestrial plant macrofossils to establish robust radiocarbon chronologies. Palynological records from Gorgo Tondo, Gorgo Lungo, Marcato Cixe, Urgo Pietra Giordano and Gorgo Pollicino show that under natural or near natural conditions, deciduous forests (Quercus pubescens, Q. cerris, Fraxinus ornus, Ulmus), that included a substantial portion of evergreen broadleaved species (Q. suber, Q. ilex, Hedera helix), prevailed in the upper meso-mediterranean belt. Mesophilo